1964:
1952:
1940:
2964:
2180:
2156:
4049:
2325:
2411:
4811:
1282:
5489:
4400:
4551:
3868:
2018:
1517:
2338:
5107:
2243:
1346:
5606:
2710:
5511:
2384:
1309:
1208:
5464:
5593:
1398:
5336:
2059:
4066:
2069:
4795:
2425:
4032:
2132:
2099:
2144:
5440:
3930:
3611:
3061:
1574:
4757:
3844:
2596:
1477:
4983:
4485:
3956:
2841:
1149:
3991:
2438:
5580:
1436:
5301:
2563:
2229:
2738:
1327:
1996:
1504:
3943:
2217:
2121:
4970:
2081:
2723:
1613:
1600:
1587:
3978:
4874:
3098:
4944:
5522:
5016:
4957:
4769:
2990:
2977:
3780:
3126:
2951:
2860:
1844:
1718:
2287:
5349:
5033:
4848:
4446:
2267:
2205:
2110:
1856:
1373:
2929:
2802:
2751:
4283:
5404:
5085:
4861:
4835:
4782:
4745:
4340:
4211:
2789:
1162:
5275:
1694:
1175:
1293:
4015:
2898:
5573:
3825:
2313:
2192:
2032:
1275:
5288:
4089:
4631:
5416:
5059:
3139:
2397:
1706:
1386:
5323:
2452:
4605:
4592:
4657:
1892:
1491:
3913:
1628:
4579:
4931:
3152:
2879:
3007:
1787:
5452:
4312:
4299:
4243:
4227:
4263:
3558:
1123:
5127:
1251:
1412:
812:
2045:
2465:
5172:
4644:
2643:
4515:
3020:
1868:
5140:
1188:
5072:
3545:
2831:
1535:
5185:
1093:, historical, or ethnocultural ties). Also, the protector's interest is in countering a rival or enemy powerβsuch as preventing the rival from obtaining or maintaining control of areas of strategic importance. This may involve a very weak protectorate surrendering control of its external relations but may not constitute any real sacrifice, as the protectorate may not have been able to have a similar use of them without the protector's strength.
5619:
4413:
2615:
2520:
4677:
4167:
4996:
4498:
5153:
3048:
4887:
4433:
4123:
2815:
2629:
2492:
1816:
1643:
2582:
2549:
2506:
1548:
2363:
1828:
1561:
1359:
1136:
5428:
4568:
4328:
4102:
1682:
4134:
3896:
4474:
4366:
4353:
2536:
2477:
2350:
2301:
2168:
1976:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1880:
1763:
1751:
1659:
1457:
1111:. According to the definition proposed by Dumienski (2014): "microstates are modern protected states, i.e. sovereign states that have been able to unilaterally depute certain attributes of sovereignty to larger powers in exchange for benign protection of their political and economic viability against their geographic or demographic constraints".
6184:, p. 16: "First, protected states are entities which still have substantial authority in their internal affairs, retain some control over their foreign policy, and establish their relation to the protecting state on a treaty or another legal instrument. Protected states still have qualifications of statehood."
1049:
In fact, protectorates were often declared despite no agreement being duly entered into by the state supposedly being protected, or only agreed to by a party of dubious authority in those states. Colonial protectors frequently decided to reshuffle several protectorates into a new, artificial unit
1000:
For political and pragmatic reasons, the protection relationship is not usually advertised, but described with euphemisms such as "an independent state with special treaty relations" with the protecting state. A protected state appears on world maps just as any other independent state.
6462:
But the
British Government, established at Delhi since 1803, intervened with an offer of protection to all the CIS-SUTLEJ STATES; and Dhanna Singh gladly availed himself of the promised aid, being one of the first chieftains to accept British protection and
957:
only with the protector state, and transfers the management of all its more important international affairs to the latter. Similarly, the protectorate rarely takes military action on its own but relies on the protector for its defence. This is distinct from
5189:
1088:
by
Britainβthe terms are often very favourable for the protectorate. The political interest of the protector is frequently moral (a matter of accepted moral obligation, prestige, ideology, internal popularity, or
977:. A protectorate formally enters into the protection through a bilateral agreement with the protector, while international mandates are stewarded by the world community-representing body, with or without a
7355:
10841:
5767:
5253:(which gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Haiti for a period of ten years, which was later expanded to twenty years through an additional agreement in 1917) on September 16, 1915.
1020:, and similarβwere subjects of colonial protection. Conditions of protection are generally much less generous for areas of colonial protection. The protectorate was often reduced to a
997:
A protected state has a form of protection where it continues to retain an "international personality" and enjoys an agreed amount of independence in conducting its foreign policy.
1004:
International administration of a state can also be regarded as an internationalized form of protection, where the protector is an international organisation rather than a state.
877:
without being a possession. In exchange, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations depending on the terms of their arrangement. Usually protectorates are established
3593:
gradually replaced protectorate agreements. Formal ruling structures, or fictive recreations of them, were largely retainedβas with the low-level authority figures in the French
908:
by the suzerain state. A state that is under the protection of another state while retaining its "international personality" is called a "protected state", not a protectorate.
2196:
10834:
10808:
6849:
Jean Suret-Canale. Afrique Noire: l'Ere
Coloniale (Editions Sociales, Paris, 1971); Eng. translation, French Colonialism in Tropical Africa, 1900 1945. (New York, 1971).
9032:
7079:
5221:, including that the U.S. had the right to intervene in Cuba to preserve its independence, among other reasons (the Platt Amendment had also been integrated into the
1046:
state in its
European home state (but geographically overseas), allowed to be an independent country with its own foreign policy and generally its own armed forces.
6924:
Law as a Tool of
Oppression and Liberation: Institutional Histories and Perspectives on Political Independence in HawaiΚ»i, Tahiti Nui/French Polynesia and Rapa Nui
5131:
1058:(the last region to be divided among them) by diplomatic notification, even without actual possession on the ground. This aspect of history is referred to as the
5646:
5157:
10827:
10788:
6673:(1), note 93, p. 135: "This relationship reemerged during China's prolonged domination by the Manchu Ch'ing dynasty (1611β1911)." – via Hein Online
4534:
version merely stated that the
Emperor could, if he so chose, go through Italy to conduct foreign affairs. When the differences in the versions came to light,
1050:
without consulting the protectorates, without being mindful of the theoretical duty of a protector to help maintain a protectorate's status and integrity. The
2870:
6501:
7435:
7204:
6396:
840:
6829:
Alice L. Conklin. A Mission to
Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa 1895β1930. Stanford: Stanford University Press (1998),
3737:(Territoires Français d'Obock, Tadjoura, Dankils et Somalis), a French protectorate recognized by Britain on 9 February 1888, renamed on 20 May 1896 as
2271:
886:
5144:
5050:
9396:
4489:
9025:
5656:
7889:
9446:
5370:
5214:
4040:
4612:
since
December 1888 under Italian protectorate (renewed 11 April 1895), then in October 1925 incorporated into the Italian colony (known as
5176:
5245:, in Article 136, also gave the U.S. the right to intervene in any part of Panama "to reestablish public peace and constitutional order."
3998:(1946β1956), not colonial or amical, but a former part of Germany that would by referendum return to it, in fact a re-edition of a former
1100:
to other
Christian (generally European) states, and to states of no significant importance. After 1815, non-Christian states (such as the
10803:
7467:
Reisman, W. (1989), "Reflections on state responsibility for violations of explicit protectorate, mandate, and trusteeship obligations",
7055:
4078:
6912:
C. W. Newbury. Aspects of French Policy in the
Pacific, 1853β1906. The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Feb., 1958), pp. 45β56
9055:
7151:
4575:
in Somalia: 3 August 1889 Italian protectorate (in the northeast; unoccupied until May 1893), until 16 March 1905 when it changed to
11102:
10177:
9018:
57:
6662:
3703:
2695:
271:
11226:
7229:
2700:
2690:
833:
10083:
5716:
in this technical sense is distinguished from the informal usage of "protected state" to refer to a state receiving protection.
992:
8842:
8224:
7491:
7425:
6959:
6834:
6701:
6645:
6619:
6486:
6352:
6039:
6453:
10297:
9335:
7178:
5394:
3880:
10026:
8748:
11257:
10302:
9730:
9234:
5515:
4404:
4399:
4181:
2677:
2072:
1312:
1224:
1085:
4599:
since 7 April 1889 under Italian protectorate (renewed 7 April 1895), then in 1927 incorporated into the Italian colony.
11189:
10229:
8894:
7894:
5914:""Lord Cromer's Shadow": Political Anglo-Saxonism and the Egyptian Protectorate as a Model in the American Philippines"
4454:
826:
10115:
10063:
9972:
7538:
7397:
6844:
6824:
6130:"Establishing expansion as a legal right: an analysis of French colonial discourse surrounding protectorate treaties"
5686:
5305:
5242:
4478:
10252:
10192:
10152:
10058:
10036:
9820:
9475:
9470:
9141:
5811:"Reflections on State Responsibility for Violations of Explicit Protectorate, Mandate, and Trusteeship Obligations"
5279:
970:
6717:
10317:
10078:
9242:
8520:
6505:
5480:
5250:
5020:
3934:
3807:
2845:
711:
7682:
7450:
7356:"Notice of Finding of Failure To Submit State Plans for the Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Emission Guidelines"
2179:
2155:
1070:
for an amalgamationβconvenient only for the colonizer or protectorβof adjacent territories, over which it held (
10759:
10312:
9561:
9492:
6897:
6870:
6589:
6435:
4891:
4635:
4161:
3852:
3843:
3796:
3788:
3784:
2102:
518:
473:
6403:
861:
that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a
10611:
9686:
8958:
5681:
2183:
2159:
344:
10819:
10429:
10236:
10048:
9586:
9463:
9302:
8953:
8837:
5666:
5597:
5592:
5463:
5226:
4987:
4974:
4913:
4174:
3921:
2172:
1673:
11082:
10172:
9917:
8963:
8000:
7417:
Towards International Personality: The Position of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in International Law
7377:
6212:
3947:
3917:
1281:
538:
53:
6817:. London: Oxford University Press, (1950). The more recent standard studies on French expansion include:
5023:
protectorate from 27 November 1912 until 2 April 1958 (Northern zone until 7 April 1956, Southern zone (
4541:
abrogated first the article in question (XVII), and later the whole treaty. The event culminated in the
4117:
and Captain Mallet, 4 November 1842. Officially in a treaty becomes a French protectorate, 5 April 1887.
3760:
The Taganit confederation's emirate (founded by Idaw `Ish dynasty), from 1905 under French protectorate.
10287:
9798:
9386:
4142:
2330:
1775:
359:
6109:
3585:
expanded in Africa between the 1830s and 1900. Almost every pre-existing state that was later part of
1333:(1878β1914) (put under British military administration 1914β22 then proclaimed a Crown Colony 1922β60)
10933:
10487:
10459:
10277:
10041:
9793:
9406:
8921:
8069:
7633:
6373:
5661:
5390:
5265:
5222:
4760:
4542:
3371:
3313:
2135:
2036:
2000:
1632:
1591:
966:
9010:
7105:
6129:
3895:
10492:
10257:
9598:
9275:
8879:
8854:
8704:
8363:
8358:
7436:"The Raj Reconsidered: British India's Informal Empire and Spheres of Influence in Asia and Africa"
5636:
5444:
5439:
5366:
4231:
4114:
3999:
3637:
3594:
2540:
2124:
1051:
109:
6819:
Robert Aldrich. Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion. Palgrave MacMillan (1996)
2337:
1308:
10851:
10100:
9960:
9938:
9703:
9295:
9042:
8946:
8827:
8368:
8321:
8264:
7963:
7907:
7655:
6790:
6766:
6449:
5875:
5623:
5610:
4417:
4138:
3337:
2341:
974:
962:, in that the protector has no formal power to control the internal affairs of the protectorate.
767:
334:
10539:
7205:"Russia's 'Peacekeeping' Operation in Karabakh: Foundation of a Russian Protectorate (Part Two)"
7050:
4204:, regardless of the actual level of government control. Cases involving indirect rule included:
1107:
In modern times, a form of amical protection can be seen as an important or defining feature of
11138:
10883:
10878:
10616:
10452:
10447:
9977:
9815:
9715:
9451:
9371:
8968:
8869:
8864:
8552:
8500:
8420:
8353:
8257:
8242:
8135:
7902:
7856:
7697:
7584:
7283:
4799:
4794:
4596:
4538:
3977:
3884:
3695:
3582:
3549:
2665:
2443:
2063:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1767:
1461:
1403:
782:
349:
7483:
Peacebuilding and International Administration: The Cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo
7302:
6887:
6839:
Patrick Manning. Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880β1995. Cambridge University Press (1998)
6476:
6369:"Use of GIS in analyzing archaeological sites: the case study of Mycenaean Cephalonia, Greece"
6342:
6232:
6099:
6097:
5853:
5389:βas protectorates. However, the agency responsible for the administration of those areas, the
2068:
1153:
11247:
10868:
10712:
9948:
9632:
9616:
9576:
9566:
9401:
9265:
9247:
9093:
8899:
8859:
8672:
8547:
7611:
7601:
7560:
7531:
7481:
7415:
6860:
6609:
5340:
4698:
4267:
4110:
3872:
3867:
3277:
2933:
2755:
2086:
1755:
1297:
777:
640:
237:
8787:
6635:
6368:
5190:
United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium
4756:
3791:(30 March 1912 β 7 April 1956) although, in theory, it remained a sovereign state under the
916:
Protectorates are one of the oldest features of international relations, dating back to the
11252:
11153:
10928:
10679:
9571:
9131:
8992:
8822:
8792:
8667:
8598:
8569:
8488:
7822:
7660:
7650:
6094:
5584:
5526:
5408:
5374:
4786:
4729:
3472:
3178:
2981:
2864:
2793:
2429:
2424:
2388:
2316:
2131:
1539:
1526:
1237:
1179:
1166:
8772:
7265:
4681:
4200:, literally protectorate, for all of its colonial possessions until they were lost during
1995:
8:
11168:
11148:
11062:
11024:
10999:
10687:
10524:
10182:
10110:
9805:
9763:
9651:
9581:
9556:
9343:
9290:
9103:
9098:
8684:
8564:
8530:
8432:
8252:
8247:
8059:
7778:
7714:
7589:
7574:
6992:"Russian patronage over Abkhazia and South Ossetia: implications for conflict resolution"
5468:
5386:
5000:
4535:
4530:
version, stated that Ethiopia was to become an Italian protectorate, while the Ethiopian
4506:
3748:
3484:
3217:
3211:
2113:
2098:
1578:
1495:
1059:
862:
701:
610:
567:
354:
119:
8400:
8390:
7479:
7080:"Putin's 'Passportization' Move Aimed At Keeping the Donbass Conflict on Moscow's Terms"
6218:
6181:
6115:
3679:
10972:
10798:
10519:
10507:
10442:
10437:
10157:
9943:
9827:
9710:
9593:
9526:
9418:
9376:
9216:
8797:
8777:
8760:
8711:
8576:
8385:
8336:
8269:
8187:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8074:
8044:
7936:
7834:
7702:
7677:
7389:
7337:
7133:
7031:
6684:
Karan, P. P. (2015), "Suppression of Tibetan Religious Heritage", in S.D. Brunn (ed.),
6316:
6262:
6157:
6076:
6003:
5995:
5941:
5810:
5768:"Was Cyprus a Mamluk protectorate? Mamluk policies toward Cyprus between 1426 and 1517"
5493:
5488:
5327:
5257:
5044:
4852:
4773:
4694:
4609:
4583:
3829:
3663:
3586:
3562:
3478:
3102:
2998:
2292:
2209:
2023:
1860:
1604:
1286:
1055:
339:
124:
99:
11029:
10923:
10893:
10561:
10549:
10197:
10187:
9810:
9788:
9693:
9657:
9551:
9438:
9428:
9413:
9270:
9203:
8906:
8802:
8738:
8733:
8662:
8559:
8274:
8202:
8197:
8039:
7968:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7741:
7692:
7487:
7421:
7393:
7329:
7137:
7125:
7035:
7023:
6955:
6893:
6866:
6840:
6830:
6820:
6697:
6641:
6615:
6482:
6429:
6348:
6308:
6266:
6254:
6161:
6149:
6068:
6035:
6007:
5987:
5945:
5933:
5887:
5854:"Democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Post-1995 political system and its functioning"
5822:
5779:
5671:
5497:
5353:
5230:
5089:
5037:
4749:
4736:
4723:
4523:
4450:
4437:
4339:
4215:
4210:
4093:
3995:
3990:
3833:
3769:
3738:
3301:
3052:
2994:
2902:
2806:
2769:
2248:
1944:
1820:
1734:
1663:
1378:
1350:
1326:
1301:
1054:
of February 26, 1885, allowed European colonial powers to establish protectorates in
1037:
772:
493:
324:
276:
104:
37:
7247:
5241:(and the adjacent territories and harbors) for the maintenance of public order. The
4407:(1939β1945), however it was also considered a partially annexed territory of Germany
2216:
2120:
11211:
11196:
11047:
10908:
10903:
10606:
10404:
9967:
9873:
9626:
9510:
9381:
9361:
9325:
9198:
9169:
9108:
8755:
8542:
8537:
8493:
8480:
8410:
8378:
8373:
8237:
8232:
8214:
8175:
8108:
8091:
8032:
8022:
8017:
7958:
7914:
7884:
7844:
7827:
7810:
7773:
7524:
7385:
7117:
7013:
7003:
6927:
6689:
6397:
Microstates as Modern Protected States: Towards a New Definition of Micro-Statehood
6300:
6244:
6141:
5979:
5925:
5403:
4865:
4708:
4702:
4531:
4527:
4332:
4271:
4219:
4060:(after temporary annexation by Otaheiti; (title Ari`i) a French protectorate, 1880)
4019:
4014:
3982:
3904:
3455:
3447:
3232:
3089:
3077:
2955:
2919:
2819:
2234:
2148:
1848:
1832:
1565:
1552:
1364:
1212:
1207:
1036:. Occasionally, a protectorate was established by another form of indirect rule: a
1017:
1013:
605:
528:
498:
372:
114:
94:
27:
20:
7121:
7008:
6991:
6478:
Opening the Hidden Land: State Formation and the Construction of Sikkimese History
6431:
A History of the Sikhs: From the Origin of the Nation to the Battles of the Sutlej
6145:
5238:
4697:(1885β1974), Portugal first claimed sovereignty over Cabinda in the February 1885
2109:
11184:
11107:
11097:
11009:
10992:
10913:
10888:
10793:
10778:
Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in
10654:
10282:
9985:
9888:
9832:
9769:
9740:
9725:
9505:
9500:
9458:
9423:
9223:
9188:
9163:
8973:
8941:
8814:
8782:
8765:
8721:
8716:
8694:
8689:
8647:
8640:
8615:
8475:
8470:
8311:
8192:
8086:
8081:
8049:
7874:
7864:
7758:
7751:
7746:
7731:
7687:
7569:
7555:
6949:
6693:
6029:
5550:
5218:
5111:
5106:
4370:
4275:
4106:
4074:
4023:
3712:: 4 February 1850 First of several French protectorate treaties with local rulers
3253:
3244:
3238:
3108:
3083:
2883:
2457:
1698:
1648:
1389:
874:
816:
789:
645:
635:
432:
329:
8395:
4026:(several others were immediately annexed). All eventually were annexed by 1889.
11004:
10982:
10956:
10125:
10093:
9955:
9893:
9883:
9878:
9698:
9664:
9532:
9482:
9433:
9126:
8916:
8911:
8874:
8849:
8832:
8743:
8728:
8699:
8657:
8505:
8465:
8460:
8415:
8341:
8301:
8291:
8281:
8096:
7975:
7869:
7736:
7618:
5572:
5558:
5501:
5420:
5415:
5382:
5063:
5058:
4878:
4386:
3754:
3465:
3420:
3415:
3226:
3143:
3071:
3065:
2416:
2191:
2031:
2004:
1803:
1779:
1522:
1427:
1330:
1319:
1274:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1218:
1029:
858:
794:
725:
630:
463:
377:
10586:
7505:
6663:"The Changing Face of Recognition in International Law: A Case Study of Tibet"
6527:
6249:
5983:
5913:
2312:
924:
were cities that were subordinate to Rome for their foreign relations. In the
11241:
11077:
10977:
10943:
10873:
10849:
10307:
10147:
9909:
9758:
9621:
9391:
9366:
9209:
8997:
8884:
8679:
8652:
8625:
8603:
8581:
8348:
8331:
8316:
8160:
8113:
8101:
8027:
7919:
7793:
7788:
7763:
7645:
7413:
7333:
7129:
7027:
6597:, The Atlantic Council, p. 3 – via Case Western Reserve University
6578:"A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present, by Michael J. Seth", p112
6312:
6293:
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography
6258:
6153:
6103:
6072:
5991:
5937:
5891:
5826:
5783:
5726:
5675:
5210:
4935:
4555:
4303:
4189:
3792:
3190:
3011:
2571:
1795:
1791:
1033:
681:
576:
478:
468:
309:
8425:
8405:
6637:
Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928β49
6562:
6560:
6545:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6194:
6192:
6190:
1385:
11216:
11112:
11092:
11052:
10707:
10699:
10694:
10659:
10162:
10073:
9543:
9193:
9155:
9088:
8889:
8630:
8620:
8586:
8515:
8510:
8437:
8227:
8209:
8170:
8165:
8145:
8140:
8012:
8005:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7879:
7817:
7798:
7783:
7719:
7466:
5651:
5641:
5530:
5378:
4948:
4382:
4378:
4316:
4146:
4081:) a French protectorate, 16 February 1844 (unratified) and 30 November 1871
3876:
3688:: 5 August 1849 French protectorate over coastal region; (RiviΓ©res du Sud).
3659:
3354:
2742:
2714:
2684:
2468:
2383:
2220:
2008:
1807:
1799:
1127:
1097:
917:
905:
730:
657:
651:
625:
596:
586:
523:
412:
232:
156:
10601:
7501:
7106:"Russia's role in the war in Donbass, and the threat to European security"
6968:
6402:(Report). Occasional Paper. Centre for Small State Studies. Archived from
5929:
904:
as it has local rulers, is not directly possessed, and rarely experiences
11143:
11067:
10327:
10272:
10135:
10130:
10120:
9855:
9850:
9748:
9720:
9285:
9280:
9147:
8608:
8593:
8442:
8155:
8064:
8054:
7980:
7628:
7623:
6557:
6187:
5546:
5456:
5451:
5234:
4714:
4201:
3702:), 30 July 1899 under French protectorate over the native rulers, titled
3644:
3590:
3205:
2671:
2050:
1667:
1424:
1417:
1108:
925:
735:
720:
662:
533:
397:
196:
191:
171:
161:
151:
10514:
7341:
7317:
6889:
Repertory of Decisions of the International Court of Justice (1947β1992)
4545:, in which Ethiopia was victorious and defended her sovereignty in 1896.
811:
11221:
11163:
11128:
11019:
11014:
10951:
10918:
10860:
10214:
9753:
9608:
9307:
8635:
8452:
8326:
8286:
8219:
6931:
6320:
6289:"Notes on Yoruba and the Colony and Protectorate of Lagos, West Africa"
6288:
5968:"Professor Giglio, Antonelli and Article XVII of the Treaty of Wichale"
5561:), officially under joint protectorate of the allied Christian powers,
5538:
5126:
4718:
4149:
signed a treaty establishing a French protectorate on 16 February 1888.
3816:
3744:
3629:
3621:
3535:
3492:
3307:
3198:
3024:
2648:
2464:
1872:
1722:
1710:
959:
940:. Modern protectorate concepts were devised in the nineteenth century.
870:
740:
696:
691:
686:
672:
513:
304:
186:
181:
45:
7018:
6080:
6056:
5999:
5967:
1231:
11206:
11158:
10633:
10591:
10566:
10424:
10379:
10267:
10209:
10031:
9780:
9040:
8525:
8296:
8180:
8150:
7931:
7805:
7596:
5742:
5261:
5256:
The United States also attempted to establish protectorates over the
5171:
5024:
4839:
4661:
4656:
4648:
4643:
4559:
4166:
4070:
3651:
2058:
954:
543:
437:
427:
422:
407:
402:
392:
266:
227:
216:
211:
201:
166:
134:
78:
73:
10669:
10664:
6304:
5196:
5045:
Turkey's and the Ottoman Empire's protectorates and protected states
11201:
11072:
10898:
10419:
10389:
10219:
10142:
10053:
9865:
9643:
9353:
7926:
7709:
7667:
7606:
6926:(Thesis). Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa. pp. 56β59.
6742:
5139:
5076:
5071:
4961:
4920:
4895:
4815:
4572:
4519:
4287:
4247:
4036:
3734:
3726:
3673:
3294:
3259:
3030:
2620:
2525:
2092:
1896:
1730:
1192:
1187:
1023:
866:
615:
176:
146:
89:
10729:
10623:
10474:
5201:
After becoming independent nations in 1902 and 1903 respectively,
4737:
Russia's and the Soviet Union's protectorates and protected states
11133:
10724:
10649:
10479:
10469:
10409:
10322:
10292:
10224:
10105:
9317:
9118:
7839:
7768:
7724:
7579:
5691:
5618:
5184:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4412:
4390:
4235:
4053:
3960:
3848:
3803:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3625:
3615:
3394:
2968:
2908:
2776:
2305:
2255:*protectorates which existed alongside a colony of the same name
2143:
1968:
1884:
1836:
1742:
1738:
1726:
1686:
1482:
1465:
1090:
973:, whose administration is supervised, in varying degrees, by the
929:
878:
417:
254:
244:
7640:
7051:"Renewal of Negotiations on Resolving the Transnistria Conflict"
3757:
emirate from 9 January 1909 French protectorate (before Spanish)
1104:) also provided amical protection of other, much weaker states.
11057:
10987:
10754:
10744:
10739:
10674:
10628:
10544:
10414:
10399:
10394:
10384:
10068:
9675:
9257:
7672:
7547:
6219:
Willigen, Peacebuilding and International Administration (2013)
6182:
Willigen, Peacebuilding and International Administration (2013)
6116:
Willigen, Peacebuilding and International Administration (2013)
5554:
5292:
5249:
later also became a protectorate after the ratification of the
5206:
5152:
4803:
4502:
4497:
4458:
4357:
4155:
4127:
3763:
3699:
3685:
3170:
3130:
3116:
2727:
2634:
2497:
2481:
2402:
1956:
1441:
1322:
and amical protectorate of Great Britain between 1815 and 1864)
1316:
933:
901:
882:
869:
over most of its internal affairs, while still recognizing the
581:
10499:
5397:, uses only the term "insular area" rather than protectorate.
3571:
1672:
Eastern Protectorate States (mostly in Hadhramaut); later the
10749:
10734:
10719:
10596:
10581:
10571:
10556:
10534:
10529:
10464:
10262:
10204:
10088:
8306:
5579:
5542:
5534:
5246:
4899:
4630:
4465:
4344:
4320:
4291:
4251:
4057:
3730:
3691:
3601:
3589:
was placed under protectorate status at some point, although
3386:
3268:
3162:
2889:
2604:
2601:
2587:
2568:
2554:
2511:
2368:
2266:
2204:
2197:
Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (British protectorate)
1980:
1617:
1508:
1292:
1140:
937:
7510:
Nouveau Petit Larousse IllustrΓ©: Dictionnaire EncyclopΓ©dique
7499:
4705:
under the request of "the princes and governors of Cabinda".
3380:
10576:
9842:
9180:
7433:
6566:
6551:
6206:
5432:
5427:
5274:
5202:
4255:
3772:: 15 December 1902 placed under French protectorate status.
3669:
3647:(1912 Sultanate suppressed by the French), 12 December 1897
3432:
3353:
3322:
3156:
3038:
2941:
2354:
1469:
7516:
5360:
5233:
and gave the U.S. the right to intervene in the cities of
4043:) becomes a French protectorate known as Tahiti, 1842β1880
3624:
a French protectorate, 23 February 1863 β 2 January 1865.
10374:
4701:, which gave Cabinda the status of a protectorate of the
3597:βwith leaders appointed and removed by French officials.
1028:
condition similar to a colony, but with the pre-existing
6813:
See the classic account on this in Robert Delavignette.
6031:
The Gambia Colony and Protectorate: An Official Handbook
5132:
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
4558:: on 15 October 1912 Italian protectorate declared over
3581:"Protection" was the formal legal structure under which
3391:
Soppengriaja (union of Balusu, Kiru, & Kamiri, 1906)
7375:
6974:
6528:"Oman and the West: State Formation in Oman since 1920"
5748:
5647:
European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina
5529:
were federal republics of seven formerly Venetian (see
5158:
United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
3883:
and ruled by the Austrian-born, French puppet monarch
3662:
was from 20 February 1895 a French protectorate named
7179:"Nagorno-Karabakh Now A Russian Protectorate β OpEd"
6525:
6104:
Meijknecht, Towards International Personality (2001)
3729:
was originally, from 24 June 1884, the Territory of
3682:: 10 January 1889 French protectorate of Ivory Coast
3400:
1062:. A similar case is the formal use of such terms as
5225:). Later that year, Panama and the U.S. signed the
1232:
British Empire's protectorates and protected states
10357:
7152:"Putin's Karabakh victory sparks alarm in Ukraine"
4918:Some sources mention the following territories as
857:, in the context of international relations, is a
5197:United States' protectorates and protected states
5145:United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
5051:Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
1096:Amical protection was frequently extended by the
11239:
6990:Gerrits, Andre W. M.; Bader, Max (2 July 2016).
5725:Some scholars regard the relationship as one of
5567:a British amical protectorate from 1815 to 1864.
5118:
3751:; within Mauritania several traditional states:
6943:
6941:
4347:, various officials posted with the Head Chiefs
2763:
19:For the 17th-century British protectorate, see
5657:High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
1076:) sway by protective or "raw" colonial power.
10835:
9026:
7532:
6886:Capaldo, Giuliana Ziccardi (1 January 1995).
6862:International Law: Achievements and Prospects
3676:state 20 September 1897 a French protectorate
953:In practice, a protectorate often has direct
834:
8989:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
6989:
6938:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5177:United Nations Temporary Executive Authority
4194:
4172:
4156:Germany's protectorates and protected states
1114:
10804:List of administrative divisions by country
7056:Central and Eastern European Online Library
6815:Freedom and Authority in French West Africa
6347:, Univ of California Press, pp. 133β,
5709:
5707:
5562:
4688:
3572:France's protectorates and protected states
3527:Roti (Korbafo before 1928) (c. 1750βc.1949)
1071:
1041:
1021:
978:
10842:
10828:
9033:
9019:
7539:
7525:
7276:
7230:"From the Archive 1999: Timor the defiant"
7048:
6427:
6366:
4466:Italy's protectorates and protected states
4002:. Most French protectorates were colonial.
3832:under French protectorate, 6 August 1896.
3650:French protectorate over the Sultanate of
3368:Swaito (union of Sawito & Alita, 1908)
2835:Tasik (Kota Pinang) (1865 β December 1945)
2375:
841:
827:
7017:
7007:
6587:
6394:
6248:
6057:"The Colonization of British East Africa"
5847:
5845:
5843:
5797:
4668:
3899:1 SapΓ¨que β Protectorate of Tonkin (1905)
3381:Mabbatupappeng Confederacy (1906βc. 1949)
1300:proclaimed in 1813) (de jure part of the
1199:
58:List of countries by system of government
9071:
7103:
6985:
6983:
6921:
6858:
6367:Ξλιβι΢άΟΞΏΟ
, ΞΞΉΞΊΞ±ΟΞ΅ΟΞ―Ξ½Ξ· (12 March 2019).
6334:
6231:Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (9 January 2020).
6054:
5965:
5911:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5704:
5213:. In 1903, Cuba and the U.S. signed the
5007:
4622:
4424:
4165:
4109:declared to be a French protectorate by
3894:
3851:(12 May 1881 β 20 March 1956): became a
3491:
3433:Massenrempulu Confederacy (1905βc. 1949)
2696:Protectorate General to Pacify the North
2659:
1994:
10009:
8813:
7382:Encyclopedia of Disputes Installment 10
7315:
6947:
6922:Gonschor, Lorenz Rudolf (August 2008).
6885:
6474:
6286:
5808:
5361:Contemporary usage by the United States
5217:, which affirmed the provisions of the
2851:Sungai Taras (Kampong Raja) (1864β1916)
2701:Protectorate General to Pacify the East
2691:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
1774:Western Protectorate States; later the
11240:
7077:
6791:"Indonesian Traditional States Part 2"
6767:"Indonesian Traditional States part 1"
6660:
6027:
5840:
5474:
3618:, under French protectorate, from 1889
1651:(1892β1971; informal, protected state)
1007:
993:List of countries without armed forces
10823:
10356:
10008:
9070:
9053:
9014:
7520:
7469:Michigan Journal of International Law
7300:
7176:
6980:
6859:Bedjaoui, Mohammed (1 January 1991).
6715:
6683:
6607:
6448:
5912:Kirkwood, Patrick M. (21 July 2016).
5815:Michigan Journal of International Law
5765:
5754:
3718:: 21 April 1886 French protectorate (
3169:
3001:) (26 February 1677 β 19 August 1945)
1462:British Residency of the Persian Gulf
1392:(1776β1965), (1965β1968), (1968β1990)
6344:The Red Sea: In Search of Lost Space
6340:
6230:
6127:
6061:Journal of the Royal African Society
5873:
5395:United States Department of Interior
3881:Second French intervention in Mexico
3875:(1863β1867), established by Emperor
3628:a French Protectorate, 19 May 1868.
1079:
948:
887:Egypt under British rule (1882β1914)
7303:"William McKinley: Foreign Affairs"
6633:
6588:Goldstein, Melvyn C. (April 1995),
5516:United States of the Ionian Islands
4405:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
4182:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
3632:French protectorate, 14 April 1882.
3265:Kota Waringin Sultanate (1824β1949)
2918:
2822:(27 September 1865 β December 1945)
2678:Protectorate of the Western Regions
2073:British Central Africa Protectorate
1464:(1822β1971); headquarters based in
1258:(1638β1860; over Central America's
1086:United States of the Ionian Islands
900:A protectorate is different from a
889:βa state can also be labelled as a
885:. Under certain conditionsβas with
13:
7390:10.1016/B978-0-444-86241-9.50085-3
7301:Gould, Lewis L. (4 October 2016).
6591:Tibet, China and the United States
6567:Onley, The Raj Reconsidered (2009)
6552:Onley, The Raj Reconsidered (2009)
6502:"Timeline β Story of Independence"
6494:
6207:Onley, The Raj Reconsidered (2009)
5851:
5766:Fuess, Albrecht (1 January 2005).
5215:CubanβAmerican Treaty of Relations
3787:β most of the sultanate was under
3722:) until 25 July 1912 when annexed.
1444:(1906β1947, 1948; protected state)
1014:Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
986:
16:Concept in international relations
14:
11269:
9054:
7202:
7104:Robinson, Paul (1 October 2016).
6951:Geschichte der deutschen Kolonien
6743:"Indonesian traditional polities"
6661:Sloane, Robert D. (Spring 2002),
6128:Yoon, Jong-pil (17 August 2020).
5687:Timeline of national independence
4505:under amical Protectorate of the
3795:; this fact was confirmed by the
3401:Mandar Confederacy (1906βc. 1949)
2796:(26 October 1869 β December 1945)
2093:Sultanate of Wituland (1890β1923)
9821:Organized incorporated territory
7270:U.S. Department of State Archive
7177:Goble, Paul (25 November 2020).
6688:, Spriger Science, p. 462,
6428:Cunningham, Joseph Davy (1849).
6237:Journal of International Studies
5617:
5604:
5591:
5578:
5571:
5520:
5509:
5487:
5462:
5450:
5438:
5426:
5414:
5402:
5347:
5334:
5321:
5299:
5286:
5273:
5183:
5170:
5151:
5138:
5125:
5105:
5083:
5070:
5057:
5031:
5014:
4994:
4981:
4968:
4955:
4942:
4929:
4885:
4872:
4859:
4846:
4833:
4809:
4793:
4780:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4675:
4655:
4642:
4629:
4603:
4590:
4577:
4566:
4549:
4513:
4496:
4483:
4472:
4444:
4431:
4411:
4398:
4385:designated the rump of occupied
4364:
4351:
4338:
4326:
4310:
4297:
4281:
4261:
4241:
4225:
4209:
4132:
4121:
4100:
4087:
4064:
4047:
4030:
4013:
3989:
3976:
3954:
3941:
3928:
3911:
3866:
3842:
3823:
3778:
3609:
3556:
3543:
3150:
3137:
3124:
3096:
3059:
3046:
3018:
3005:
2988:
2975:
2962:
2949:
2927:
2896:
2877:
2858:
2839:
2829:
2813:
2809:(22 August 1862 β December 1945)
2800:
2787:
2749:
2736:
2721:
2708:
2641:
2627:
2613:
2594:
2580:
2561:
2547:
2534:
2518:
2504:
2490:
2475:
2463:
2450:
2436:
2423:
2409:
2395:
2382:
2361:
2348:
2336:
2323:
2311:
2299:
2285:
2265:
2241:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2119:
2108:
2097:
2079:
2067:
2057:
2043:
2030:
2016:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1842:
1826:
1814:
1785:
1761:
1749:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1666:(1872β1963); precursor state of
1657:
1641:
1626:
1611:
1598:
1585:
1572:
1559:
1546:
1533:
1515:
1502:
1489:
1475:
1455:
1434:
1410:
1396:
1384:
1371:
1357:
1344:
1325:
1307:
1291:
1280:
1273:
1249:
1206:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1147:
1134:
1121:
1018:Colony and Protectorate of Lagos
971:United Nations Trust Territories
810:
10850:Autonomous types of first-tier
10809:Slavic administrative divisions
7369:
7360:Environmental Protection Agency
7348:
7309:
7294:
7266:"Dominican Republic, 1916-1924"
7258:
7240:
7222:
7196:
7170:
7144:
7097:
7071:
7042:
6915:
6906:
6892:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
6879:
6865:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
6852:
6807:
6783:
6759:
6735:
6709:
6686:The Changing World Religion Map
6677:
6654:
6627:
6601:
6581:
6572:
6519:
6468:
6458:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
6442:
6421:
6388:
6360:
6280:
6224:
6175:
6121:
6028:Archer, Francis Bisset (1967).
5861:Southeast European Politics 4.1
5719:
5481:Condominium (international law)
5371:Environmental Protection Agency
3464:
1725:(consisted of five Sheikhdoms:
1529:, protected states (1892β1971)
1448:
10358:Non-English terms or loanwords
9562:Direct-controlled municipality
6975:Hoffmann, Protectorates (1987)
6667:Emory International Law Review
6048:
6021:
5972:The Journal of African History
5959:
5905:
5867:
5809:Reisman, W. (1 January 1989).
5749:Hoffmann, Protectorates (1987)
4892:Second East Turkestan Republic
4562:(Cyrenaica) until 17 May 1919.
4162:List of former German colonies
3797:International Court of Justice
2103:Gambia Colony and Protectorate
519:Intergovernmental organisation
474:Separation of church and state
1:
9687:Special administrative region
7316:Aguilar, Filomeno V. (2000).
7122:10.1080/23745118.2016.1154229
7110:European Politics and Society
7078:Greene, Sam (26 April 2019).
7009:10.1080/21599165.2016.1166104
6716:Sinha, Nirmal C. (May 1964),
6526:Francis Carey Owtram (1999).
6460:. Vol. XII. p. 90.
6146:10.1080/01916599.2020.1722725
5736:
5682:Protectorate (imperial China)
5678:and other individual persons)
5381:of the United Statesβsuch as
5312:
5119:United Nations' protectorates
5096:
4905:
3859:
3741:(Côte Française des Somalis).
3534:
2184:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
2160:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
1511:, protected state (1916β1971)
1498:, protected state (1899β1961)
1485:, protected state (1880β1971)
1420:(1919β1947, 1948, 1950, 1956)
1337:
1304:but under British protection)
1012:Multiple regionsβsuch as the
9587:Mountain resort municipality
9464:Intermediate school district
9447:Educational service district
9303:Regional county municipality
7480:Willigen, Niels van (2013),
6718:"Historical Status of Tibet"
6694:10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_23
6395:DumieΕski, Zbigniew (2014).
6233:"Nigeria: A Country Profile"
5667:Peace Implementation Council
5598:Independent State of Croatia
5209:became protectorates of the
4914:Russian-occupied territories
4006:
3012:Principality of Mangkunegara
2764:Dutch Empire's protectorates
1778:(1959/1962β1967), including
1674:Protectorate of South Arabia
1406:(1879β1919; protected state)
1367:(1816β1923; protected state)
1101:
316:(socio-political ideologies)
7:
9918:Autonomous territorial unit
7546:
7434:Onley, James (March 2009),
5729:rather than a protectorate.
5630:
5251:HaitianβAmerican Convention
5243:1904 constitution of Panama
3969:
3576:
3269:Kutai Kertanegara Sultanate
3184:Tanah Kuna Lima (1917β1924)
2783:Tarumon Kingdom (1830β1946)
2258:
1242:
1084:In amical protectionβas of
1032:continuing as the agent of
943:
384:(socio-economic ideologies)
54:List of forms of government
10:
11274:
11258:Constitutional state types
9799:National capital territory
9520:Indian reserve/reservation
9387:Indian government district
9041:Designations for types of
7376:Hoffmann, Gerhard (1987).
7049:PieΕkowski, Jakub (2016).
5876:"The British ruling class"
5478:
5048:
4911:
4695:Cabinda (Portuguese Congo)
4159:
3357:Confederacy (1905βc. 1949)
3293:
3274:Gunung Tabur (1844βc.1945)
2775:
2768:Various sultanates in the
2663:
2331:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
2278:
1776:Federation of South Arabia
1235:
990:
967:League of Nations mandates
965:Protectorates differ from
911:
25:
18:
11177:
11121:
11040:
10965:
10942:
10934:List of federal countries
10859:
10789:Autonomous administration
10776:
10642:
10367:
10363:
10352:
10245:
10019:
10015:
10004:
9928:
9902:
9864:
9841:
9794:Federal capital territory
9779:
9739:
9674:
9642:
9607:
9542:
9519:
9491:
9407:Non-metropolitan district
9397:Local government district
9352:
9334:
9316:
9256:
9233:
9179:
9154:
9140:
9117:
9081:
9077:
9066:
9062:
9049:
8982:
8934:
8451:
7855:
7554:
7414:Meijknecht, Anna (2001),
7234:The Sydney Morning Herald
6902:– via Google Books.
6875:– via Google Books.
6614:, Routledge, p. 78,
6374:University of Peloponnese
6250:10.32890/jis.10.2014.7954
6134:History of European Ideas
5984:10.1017/S0021853700006526
5772:Journal of Cyprus Studies
5662:League of Nations mandate
5391:Office of Insular Affairs
5223:1901 constitution of Cuba
4988:Luhansk People's Republic
4975:Donetsk People's Republic
4894:(1944β1949), now part of
4840:Principality of Wallachia
4818:(1829β1856), now part of
4802:(1826β1856), now part of
4761:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
4717:(1824β1895), now part of
4543:First Italo-Ethiopian War
4509:20 November 1815 to 1860.
4319:(1900β1920), present-day
4290:(1885β1890), now part of
4270:(1885β1920), now part of
4250:(1884β1914), now part of
4234:(1884β1920), present-day
4218:(1884β1920), now part of
4000:League of Nations mandate
3836:colony, 28 February 1897.
3643:French protectorate over
3283:Simbaliung (1844βc. 1949)
3223:Kubu (4 June 1823 β 1949)
3197:
3115:
3014:(24 February 1757 β 1946)
2984:(13 February 1755 β 1942)
2772:(present day Indonesia):
2136:Sierra Leone Protectorate
2037:Bechuanaland Protectorate
2001:Bechuanaland Protectorate
1990:
1525:; precursor state of the
1266:
1115:Argentina's protectorates
505:(geo-cultural ideologies)
9599:Specialized municipality
9276:Consolidated city-county
7318:"The Republic of Negros"
7284:"Platt Amendment (1903)"
6954:(in German). SchΓΆningh.
6640:. UBC Press. p. 8.
6634:Lin, Hsaio-ting (2011).
6450:Meyer, William Stevenson
6287:Moloney, Alfred (1890).
6055:Johnston, Alex. (1905).
5918:Journal of World History
5697:
5637:British Protected Person
5445:Northern Mariana Islands
5367:United States government
5229:, which established the
5227:HayβBunau-Varilla Treaty
4689:Portugal's protectorates
4232:German South West Africa
3638:Central African Republic
3524:Sonbai Kecil (1659β1917)
3521:Sonbai Besar (1756β1906)
3475:(12 October 1676 β 1949)
3159:(8 December 1669 β 1949)
2848:(1 February 1858 β 1946)
2541:Unfederated Malay States
2125:East Africa Protectorate
2053:Protectorate (1889β1964)
1381:(1861β1947), (1947β1972)
26:Not to be confused with
9961:Military exclusion zone
9939:Exclusive economic zone
9704:National capital region
9296:Non-metropolitan county
9043:administrative division
6948:GrΓΌnder, Horst (2004).
5966:Rubenson, Sven (1966).
5624:Allied-occupied Austria
5611:Allied-occupied Germany
4924:Russian protectorates:
4816:Principality of Moldova
3890:
3766:confederation's emirate
3503:Amanuban (1749βc. 1949)
3500:Amanatun (1749βc. 1949)
3214:(16 August 1819 β 1942)
3037:
2940:
2873:(1838 β September 1945)
2376:East and Southeast Asia
2342:British Solomon Islands
975:international community
768:Administrative division
712:International relations
10884:Corporative federalism
10879:Cooperative federalism
9978:Self-administered zone
9816:Incorporated territory
9683:Administrative region
9452:Local service district
9372:Congressional district
7512:(in French). Larousse.
6996:East European Politics
6795:www.worldstatesmen.org
6771:www.worldstatesmen.org
6725:Bulletin of Tibetology
6533:. University of London
6481:, BRILL, p. 184,
6475:Mullard, Saul (2011),
5563:
5027:) until 2 April 1958).
4800:Principality of Serbia
4669:Poland's protectorates
4195:
4185:
4173:
3900:
3696:Sultanate of Damagaram
3583:French colonial forces
3506:Amarasi (1749βc. 1949)
3349:Tabukan (1677βc. 1949)
3328:Soppeng (1860βc. 1949)
3304:(1669β1906; 1936β1949)
3271:(8 August 1825 β 1949)
3250:Simpang (1822βc. 1949)
3080:(1841β1872; 1890β1893)
2914:Tanah Jawa (1904β1946)
2905:(1859 β November 1945)
2867:(1865 β December 1945)
2666:Protectorate (Duhu Fu)
2444:Federated Malay States
2064:Nyasaland Protectorate
2011:
2003:with the portraits of
1921:Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
1909:Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
1404:Emirate of Afghanistan
1200:Brazil's protectorates
1072:
1042:
1022:
979:
969:and their successors,
932:was a protectorate of
10869:Asymmetric federalism
9949:Special economic zone
9633:Praetorian prefecture
9617:Autonomous prefecture
9577:Regional municipality
9567:District municipality
9402:Metropolitan district
9266:Administrative county
9248:Residential community
9094:Local government area
8959:Medieval great powers
7384:. Elsevier: 336β339.
7290:. September 15, 2021.
6341:Wick, Alexis (2016),
5930:10.1353/jwh.2016.0085
5496:(1684β1798), a joint
5479:Further information:
5365:Some agencies of the
5341:Republic of Zamboanga
5266:BryanβChamorro Treaty
5008:Spain's protectorates
4699:Treaty of Simulambuco
4623:Japan's protectorates
4479:The Albanian Republic
4425:India's protectorates
4268:North Solomon Islands
4169:
3898:
3873:Second Mexican Empire
3802:The northern part of
3512:Beboki (1756βc. 1949)
3509:Amfoan (1683βc. 1949)
3331:Butung (1824βc. 1949)
3319:Laiwui (1858βc. 1949)
3027:(22 June 1812 β 1942)
2664:Further information:
2660:China's protectorates
2087:Sultanate of Zanzibar
2075:from 1889 until 1907)
1998:
1298:Crown Colony of Malta
983:administering power.
891:de facto protectorate
778:Democratic transition
641:Self-governing colony
238:Military dictatorship
10929:Symmetric federalism
10540:NjΓ«si administrative
9572:Neutral municipality
9511:Subdivision of India
9243:Autonomous community
9132:Metropolitan borough
9072:Common English terms
8969:European colonialism
8954:Ancient great powers
6611:China's Tibet Policy
6608:Norbu, Dawa (2001),
6454:"Ferozepur district"
6034:. Psychology Press.
5874:Leys, Colin (2014).
5585:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
5527:Septinsular Republic
5409:District of Columbia
5375:District of Columbia
4787:Revolutionary Serbia
4730:Kingdom of Larantuka
4597:Majeerteen Sultanate
4481:(1917β1920) and the
4039:(native king styled
3808:Spanish protectorate
3733:and Protectorate of
3640:traditional states:
3518:Insana (1756βc.1949)
3289:Tayan (1823βc. 1949)
2982:Yogjakarta Sultanate
2865:Sultanate of Serdang
2430:Federation of Malaya
2389:British North Borneo
1238:British protectorate
1180:Gobierno del Cerrito
1102:Chinese Qing dynasty
922:Civitates foederatae
11169:Territorial dispute
11149:Military occupation
11063:Dependent territory
11025:Supranational union
11000:Multinational state
10183:Autonomous republic
10111:Enclave and exclave
10010:Other English terms
9806:Dependent territory
9652:Autonomous province
9582:Resort municipality
9557:County municipality
9344:Overseas department
9291:Metropolitan county
9104:Unincorporated area
8964:Modern great powers
7449:(1), archived from
6977:, pp. 336β339.
5475:Joint protectorates
5469:U.S. Virgin Islands
5387:U.S. Virgin Islands
5001:Republic of Artsakh
4522: : 2 May 1889
4507:Kingdom of Sardinia
4453:(1950β1975), later
4360:Emirate (1895β1897)
4024:the Society Islands
3853:French protectorate
3810:in the same period.
3789:French protectorate
3749:French protectorate
3706:Damagaram or Sultan
3604:traditional states
3530:TaEbenu (1688β1917)
3346:Wajo (1860βc. 1949)
3334:Siau (1680βc. 1949)
3212:Pontianak Sultanate
3025:Duchy of Pakualaman
2871:Indragiri Sultanate
2272:Khediviate of Egypt
2114:Uganda Protectorate
1496:Sheikhdom of Kuwait
1154:Republic of TucumΓ‘n
1060:Scramble for Africa
1008:Colonial protection
895:veiled protectorate
873:of a more powerful
863:dependent territory
817:Politics portal
702:Supranational union
611:Dependent territory
524:National government
11227:Tribal sovereignty
10973:Composite monarchy
10799:Electoral district
10116:Federal dependency
9944:Free economic zone
9828:Overseas territory
9711:Development region
9594:Rural municipality
9527:Indian reservation
9419:Municipal district
9377:Electoral district
9217:Free imperial city
7500:Larousse, Pierre;
7420:, Intersentia NV,
7322:Philippine Studies
7252:Human Rights Watch
7158:. 12 November 2020
5880:Socialist Register
5852:Bojkov, Victor D.
5533:) Ionian Islands (
5494:Republic of Ragusa
5328:Republic of Negros
5258:Dominican Republic
4853:Emirate of Bukhara
4774:Kingdom of Imereti
4610:Sultanate of Hobyo
4584:Italian Somaliland
4393:as protectorates:
4377:Before and during
4186:
4141:on the islands of
3901:
3830:Kingdom of Imerina
3587:French West Africa
3515:Belu (1756βc.1949)
3278:Bulungan Sultanate
2999:Surakarta Sunanate
2293:Territory of Papua
2221:Kenya Protectorate
2210:Sultanate of Egypt
2024:British Somaliland
2012:
2009:Queen Elizabeth II
1287:Malta Protectorate
1040:, which becomes a
11235:
11234:
11030:Continental union
10924:Fiscal federalism
10894:Ethnic federalism
10817:
10816:
10772:
10771:
10768:
10767:
10348:
10347:
10344:
10343:
10340:
10339:
10336:
10335:
10000:
9999:
9996:
9995:
9914:Territorial unit
9811:Federal territory
9789:Capital territory
9694:Autonomous region
9658:Overseas province
9552:City municipality
9443:Service district
9439:Sanitary district
9429:Regional district
9414:Military district
9271:Autonomous county
9204:Incorporated city
9008:
9007:
8930:
8929:
8895:PolishβLithuanian
8070:Gurjara-Pratihara
7493:978-1-134-11718-5
7427:978-90-5095-166-1
7288:National Archives
7272:. 20 August 2008.
7236:. 30 August 2019.
7203:Socor, Vladimir.
6961:978-3-8252-1332-9
6835:978-0-8047-2999-4
6703:978-94-017-9375-9
6647:978-0-7748-5988-2
6621:978-1-136-79793-4
6554:, pp. 50β51.
6488:978-90-04-20895-7
6354:978-0-520-28592-7
6221:, pp. 16β17.
6041:978-0-7146-1139-6
5498:Habsburg Austrian
5393:(OIA) within the
5354:Sultanate of Sulu
5231:Panama Canal Zone
5090:Cossack Hetmanate
5038:Sultanate of Sulu
4750:Cossack Hetmanate
4724:Angoche Sultanate
4524:Treaty of Wuchale
4451:Kingdom of Sikkim
4216:German New Guinea
4094:Wallis and Futuna
3996:Saar Protectorate
3834:French Madagascar
3770:Emirate of Trarza
3739:French Somaliland
3563:Kaimana Sultanate
3473:Ternate Sultanate
3343:Tallo (1668β1780)
3314:Bolaang Mongonduw
3187:Ndona (1917β1924)
2995:Mataram Sultanate
2854:Panei (1864β1946)
2794:Langkat Sultanate
2770:Dutch East Indies
2249:Northern Rhodesia
1794:(these included:
1792:Wahidi Sultanates
1664:Aden Protectorate
1379:Kingdom of Sikkim
1351:Cis-Sutlej states
1302:Kingdom of Sicily
1080:Amical protection
1038:chartered company
955:foreign relations
949:Foreign relations
851:
850:
802:
801:
773:Democracy indices
748:
747:
551:
550:
360:Semi-presidential
285:
284:
11265:
11212:Stateless nation
11197:Decentralization
11048:Associated state
10909:Federal republic
10904:Federal monarchy
10844:
10837:
10830:
10821:
10820:
10405:Regierungsbezirk
10365:
10364:
10354:
10353:
10017:
10016:
10006:
10005:
9968:Free speech zone
9874:Charter township
9627:Super-prefecture
9471:Special district
9382:Federal district
9362:Capital district
9326:Overseas country
9199:Independent city
9170:Imperial capital
9109:Unorganized area
9079:
9078:
9068:
9067:
9064:
9063:
9051:
9050:
9035:
9028:
9021:
9012:
9011:
8811:
8810:
8476:Austro-Hungarian
8176:Chagatai Khanate
7541:
7534:
7527:
7518:
7517:
7513:
7496:
7476:
7463:
7462:
7461:
7455:
7440:
7430:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7364:
7363:
7362:. 12 March 2020.
7352:
7346:
7345:
7313:
7307:
7306:
7305:. Miller Center.
7298:
7292:
7291:
7280:
7274:
7273:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7244:
7238:
7237:
7226:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7200:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7174:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7156:Atlantic Council
7148:
7142:
7141:
7101:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7084:The Moscow Times
7075:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7064:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7021:
7011:
6987:
6978:
6972:
6966:
6965:
6945:
6936:
6935:
6919:
6913:
6910:
6904:
6903:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6856:
6850:
6811:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6801:
6787:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6763:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6753:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6722:
6713:
6707:
6706:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6658:
6652:
6651:
6631:
6625:
6624:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6585:
6579:
6576:
6570:
6564:
6555:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6538:
6532:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6504:. Archived from
6498:
6492:
6491:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6408:
6401:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6252:
6228:
6222:
6216:
6210:
6204:
6185:
6179:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6125:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5858:
5849:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5806:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5778:(28β29): 11β29.
5763:
5752:
5746:
5730:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5622:
5621:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5596:
5595:
5583:
5582:
5576:
5575:
5566:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5492:
5491:
5467:
5466:
5455:
5454:
5443:
5442:
5431:
5430:
5419:
5418:
5407:
5406:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5278:
5277:
5188:
5187:
5175:
5174:
5156:
5155:
5143:
5142:
5130:
5129:
5110:
5109:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5075:
5074:
5062:
5061:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5019:
5018:
5017:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4866:Khanate of Khiva
4864:
4863:
4862:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4798:
4797:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4759:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4709:Kingdom of Kongo
4703:Portuguese Crown
4680:
4679:
4678:
4660:
4659:
4647:
4646:
4634:
4633:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4532:Amharic language
4528:Italian language
4518:
4517:
4516:
4501:
4500:
4490:Albanian Kingdom
4488:
4487:
4486:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4416:
4415:
4403:
4402:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4343:
4342:
4333:Marshall Islands
4331:
4330:
4329:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4272:Papua New Guinea
4266:
4265:
4264:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4220:Papua New Guinea
4214:
4213:
4198:
4178:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4020:French Polynesia
4018:
4017:
3994:
3993:
3983:Rhenish Republic
3981:
3980:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3905:French Indochina
3871:
3870:
3847:
3846:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3550:Dutch New Guinea
3548:
3547:
3546:
3286:Kubu (1823β1949)
3233:Mempawah Kingdom
3218:Sambas Sultanate
3155:
3154:
3153:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3010:
3009:
3008:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2920:Riau Archipelago
2901:
2900:
2899:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2825:Bila (1864β1946)
2820:Asahan Sultanate
2818:
2817:
2816:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2467:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2428:
2427:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2387:
2386:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2340:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2315:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2270:
2269:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2235:Kingdom of Egypt
2233:
2231:
2230:
2219:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2158:
2147:
2146:
2134:
2123:
2112:
2101:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2020:
2019:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1388:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1365:Kingdom of Nepal
1363:
1361:
1360:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1329:
1311:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1254:
1253:
1213:Republic of Acre
1211:
1210:
1191:
1190:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1075:
1052:Berlin agreement
1045:
1027:
982:
843:
836:
829:
815:
814:
762:
761:
606:Associated state
564:
563:
539:Internationalism
529:World government
506:
385:
317:
298:
297:
272:Free association
259:
220:
139:
82:
70:
69:
33:
32:
28:Protecting power
21:The Protectorate
11273:
11272:
11268:
11267:
11266:
11264:
11263:
11262:
11238:
11237:
11236:
11231:
11190:Autonomous area
11173:
11117:
11108:Tributary state
11098:Satellite state
11036:
11010:Political union
10993:Colonial empire
10961:
10938:
10914:Federated state
10889:Dual federalism
10855:
10848:
10818:
10813:
10794:Census division
10764:
10638:
10359:
10332:
10283:Imperial Circle
10241:
10011:
9992:
9986:Free-trade zone
9924:
9898:
9889:Survey township
9860:
9837:
9833:Union territory
9775:
9770:Sovereign state
9735:
9726:Overseas region
9670:
9638:
9603:
9538:
9529:(United States)
9515:
9506:Police division
9501:Census division
9487:
9459:School district
9424:Police district
9348:
9330:
9312:
9252:
9229:
9224:Royal free city
9189:Autonomous city
9175:
9164:Federal capital
9150:
9136:
9113:
9073:
9058:
9045:
9039:
9009:
9004:
8993:American Empire
8978:
8974:African empires
8926:
8809:
8501:Central African
8447:
8265:Romano-Germanic
7851:
7585:Middle Assyrian
7558:
7550:
7545:
7494:
7459:
7457:
7453:
7438:
7428:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7378:"Protectorates"
7372:
7367:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7314:
7310:
7299:
7295:
7282:
7281:
7277:
7264:
7263:
7259:
7246:
7245:
7241:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7213:
7211:
7201:
7197:
7187:
7185:
7175:
7171:
7161:
7159:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7102:
7098:
7088:
7086:
7076:
7072:
7062:
7060:
7047:
7043:
6988:
6981:
6973:
6969:
6962:
6946:
6939:
6920:
6916:
6911:
6907:
6900:
6884:
6880:
6873:
6857:
6853:
6848:
6838:
6828:
6818:
6812:
6808:
6799:
6797:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6775:
6773:
6765:
6764:
6760:
6751:
6749:
6741:
6740:
6736:
6720:
6714:
6710:
6704:
6682:
6678:
6659:
6655:
6648:
6632:
6628:
6622:
6606:
6602:
6594:
6586:
6582:
6577:
6573:
6565:
6558:
6550:
6546:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6524:
6520:
6511:
6509:
6500:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6473:
6469:
6447:
6443:
6426:
6422:
6412:
6410:
6409:on 14 July 2014
6406:
6399:
6393:
6389:
6379:
6377:
6365:
6361:
6355:
6339:
6335:
6325:
6323:
6305:10.2307/1801424
6299:(10): 596β614.
6285:
6281:
6271:
6269:
6229:
6225:
6217:
6213:
6205:
6188:
6180:
6176:
6166:
6164:
6126:
6122:
6114:
6110:
6102:
6095:
6085:
6083:
6053:
6049:
6042:
6026:
6022:
6012:
6010:
5964:
5960:
5950:
5948:
5910:
5906:
5896:
5894:
5872:
5868:
5856:
5850:
5841:
5831:
5829:
5807:
5798:
5788:
5786:
5764:
5755:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5734:
5733:
5724:
5720:
5714:Protected state
5712:
5705:
5700:
5633:
5616:
5605:
5603:
5590:
5577:
5570:
5521:
5519:
5510:
5508:
5502:Ottoman Turkish
5486:
5483:
5477:
5461:
5449:
5437:
5425:
5413:
5401:
5373:, refer to the
5363:
5348:
5346:
5335:
5333:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5300:
5298:
5287:
5285:
5272:
5219:Platt Amendment
5199:
5182:
5169:
5161:
5150:
5137:
5124:
5121:
5112:Northern Cyprus
5104:
5101:
5084:
5082:
5069:
5056:
5053:
5047:
5032:
5030:
5021:Spanish Morocco
5015:
5013:
5010:
4995:
4993:
4982:
4980:
4969:
4967:
4956:
4954:
4943:
4941:
4930:
4928:
4916:
4910:
4886:
4884:
4873:
4871:
4860:
4858:
4847:
4845:
4834:
4832:
4810:
4808:
4792:
4781:
4779:
4768:
4766:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4691:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4654:
4641:
4628:
4625:
4604:
4602:
4591:
4589:
4578:
4576:
4567:
4565:
4550:
4548:
4514:
4512:
4495:
4484:
4482:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4459:State of Sikkim
4445:
4443:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4410:
4397:
4365:
4363:
4352:
4350:
4337:
4327:
4325:
4311:
4309:
4298:
4296:
4282:
4280:
4276:Solomon Islands
4262:
4260:
4242:
4240:
4226:
4224:
4208:
4164:
4158:
4133:
4131:
4122:
4120:
4101:
4099:
4088:
4086:
4075:Gambier Islands
4065:
4063:
4048:
4046:
4031:
4029:
4012:
4009:
3988:
3975:
3972:
3955:
3953:
3942:
3940:
3929:
3927:
3912:
3910:
3907:until 1953/54:
3893:
3865:
3862:
3841:
3824:
3822:
3779:
3777:
3610:
3608:
3607:Independent of
3579:
3574:
3557:
3555:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3497:
3479:Bacan Sultanate
3469:
3435:
3403:
3383:
3359:
3298:
3239:Sanggau Kingdom
3202:
3175:
3151:
3149:
3138:
3136:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3097:
3095:
3060:
3058:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3019:
3017:
3006:
3004:
2989:
2987:
2976:
2974:
2963:
2961:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2897:
2895:
2884:Jambi Sultanate
2878:
2876:
2859:
2857:
2840:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2814:
2812:
2801:
2799:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2766:
2750:
2748:
2737:
2735:
2722:
2720:
2709:
2707:
2668:
2662:
2642:
2640:
2628:
2626:
2614:
2612:
2595:
2593:
2581:
2579:
2562:
2560:
2548:
2546:
2543:(1904/09β1946)
2535:
2533:
2519:
2517:
2505:
2503:
2491:
2489:
2476:
2474:
2458:Negeri Sembilan
2451:
2449:
2437:
2435:
2422:
2410:
2408:
2396:
2394:
2381:
2378:
2362:
2360:
2349:
2347:
2324:
2322:
2300:
2298:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2264:
2261:
2242:
2240:
2228:
2226:
2202:
2189:
2167:
2165:
2141:
2080:
2078:
2056:
2044:
2042:
2029:
2017:
2015:
1993:
1975:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1827:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1786:
1784:
1762:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1717:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1658:
1656:
1649:Muscat and Oman
1642:
1640:
1627:
1625:
1612:
1610:
1599:
1597:
1586:
1584:
1573:
1571:
1560:
1558:
1547:
1545:
1534:
1532:
1516:
1514:
1503:
1501:
1490:
1488:
1476:
1474:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1435:
1433:
1428:Princely States
1411:
1409:
1397:
1395:
1390:Maldive Islands
1372:
1370:
1358:
1356:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1315:(1815β1864) (a
1290:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1205:
1202:
1185:
1174:
1172:
1161:
1159:
1148:
1146:
1135:
1133:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1082:
1010:
995:
989:
987:Protected state
951:
946:
914:
875:sovereign state
847:
809:
804:
803:
790:Democratisation
783:Autocratization
759:
751:
750:
749:
706:
667:
646:Tributary state
636:Satellite state
591:
561:
560:Power structure
553:
552:
504:
503:
485:
456:
442:
433:Totalitarianism
383:
382:
364:
315:
314:
295:
287:
286:
281:
257:
249:
214:
206:
137:
129:
76:
67:
66:Source of power
44:Basic forms of
38:Politics series
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11271:
11261:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11233:
11232:
11230:
11229:
11224:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11204:
11199:
11194:
11193:
11192:
11181:
11179:
11175:
11174:
11172:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11125:
11123:
11119:
11118:
11116:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11044:
11042:
11038:
11037:
11035:
11034:
11033:
11032:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11005:Personal union
11002:
10997:
10996:
10995:
10985:
10983:Dynastic union
10980:
10975:
10969:
10967:
10963:
10962:
10960:
10959:
10957:Regional state
10954:
10948:
10946:
10940:
10939:
10937:
10936:
10931:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10896:
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10865:
10863:
10857:
10856:
10854:administration
10847:
10846:
10839:
10832:
10824:
10815:
10814:
10812:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10777:
10774:
10773:
10770:
10769:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10716:
10715:
10710:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10691:
10690:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10646:
10644:
10640:
10639:
10637:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10553:
10552:
10542:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10517:
10512:
10511:
10510:
10502:
10497:
10496:
10495:
10490:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10456:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10371:
10369:
10361:
10360:
10350:
10349:
10346:
10345:
10342:
10341:
10338:
10337:
10334:
10333:
10331:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10249:
10247:
10243:
10242:
10240:
10239:
10234:
10233:
10232:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10201:
10200:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10139:
10138:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10097:
10096:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10045:
10044:
10034:
10029:
10023:
10021:
10013:
10012:
10002:
10001:
9998:
9997:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9990:
9989:
9988:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9964:
9963:
9956:Exclusion zone
9953:
9952:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9935:Economic zone
9932:
9930:
9926:
9925:
9923:
9922:
9921:
9920:
9912:
9906:
9904:
9900:
9899:
9897:
9896:
9894:Urban township
9891:
9886:
9884:Paper township
9881:
9879:Civil township
9876:
9870:
9868:
9862:
9861:
9859:
9858:
9853:
9847:
9845:
9839:
9838:
9836:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9824:
9823:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9802:
9801:
9796:
9785:
9783:
9777:
9776:
9774:
9773:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9745:
9743:
9737:
9736:
9734:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9707:
9706:
9699:Capital region
9696:
9691:
9690:
9689:
9680:
9678:
9672:
9671:
9669:
9668:
9665:Roman province
9661:
9654:
9648:
9646:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9636:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9613:
9611:
9605:
9604:
9602:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9590:
9589:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9548:
9546:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9536:
9533:Indian reserve
9530:
9523:
9521:
9517:
9516:
9514:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9497:
9495:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9485:
9483:Urban district
9480:
9479:
9478:
9468:
9467:
9466:
9456:
9455:
9454:
9449:
9441:
9436:
9434:Rural district
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9410:
9409:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9358:
9356:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9346:
9340:
9338:
9332:
9331:
9329:
9328:
9322:
9320:
9314:
9313:
9311:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9299:
9298:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9262:
9260:
9254:
9253:
9251:
9250:
9245:
9239:
9237:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9227:
9220:
9213:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9185:
9183:
9177:
9176:
9174:
9173:
9166:
9160:
9158:
9152:
9151:
9146:
9144:
9138:
9137:
9135:
9134:
9129:
9127:County borough
9123:
9121:
9115:
9114:
9112:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9085:
9083:
9075:
9074:
9060:
9059:
9047:
9046:
9038:
9037:
9030:
9023:
9015:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9002:
9001:
9000:
8995:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8950:
8949:
8938:
8936:
8932:
8931:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8903:
8902:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8846:
8845:
8840:
8830:
8825:
8819:
8817:
8808:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8775:
8770:
8769:
8768:
8758:
8753:
8752:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8731:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8719:
8709:
8708:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8644:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8613:
8612:
8611:
8606:
8596:
8591:
8590:
8589:
8584:
8574:
8573:
8572:
8567:
8557:
8556:
8555:
8550:
8540:
8535:
8534:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8503:
8498:
8497:
8496:
8491:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8457:
8455:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8429:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8388:
8383:
8382:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8346:
8345:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8272:
8262:
8261:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8106:
8105:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8079:
8078:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8015:
8010:
8009:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7966:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7929:
7924:
7923:
7922:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7905:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7861:
7859:
7857:Post-classical
7853:
7852:
7850:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7837:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7815:
7814:
7813:
7803:
7802:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7722:
7712:
7707:
7706:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7664:
7663:
7658:
7656:Middle Kingdom
7653:
7643:
7638:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7616:
7615:
7614:
7612:Neo-Babylonian
7609:
7604:
7602:Old Babylonian
7594:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7577:
7572:
7566:
7564:
7552:
7551:
7544:
7543:
7536:
7529:
7521:
7515:
7514:
7497:
7492:
7477:
7464:
7431:
7426:
7411:
7398:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7365:
7347:
7308:
7293:
7275:
7257:
7239:
7221:
7195:
7183:Eurasia Review
7169:
7143:
7116:(4): 506β521.
7096:
7070:
7041:
7002:(3): 297β313.
6979:
6967:
6960:
6937:
6914:
6905:
6898:
6878:
6871:
6851:
6806:
6782:
6758:
6734:
6708:
6702:
6676:
6653:
6646:
6626:
6620:
6600:
6580:
6571:
6556:
6544:
6518:
6493:
6487:
6467:
6441:
6420:
6387:
6359:
6353:
6333:
6279:
6223:
6211:
6186:
6174:
6140:(6): 811β826.
6120:
6108:
6093:
6047:
6040:
6020:
5978:(3): 445β457.
5958:
5904:
5866:
5839:
5821:(1): 231β240.
5796:
5753:
5751:, p. 336.
5740:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5718:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5676:Heads of State
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5614:
5601:
5588:
5568:
5505:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5459:
5447:
5435:
5423:
5421:American Samoa
5411:
5383:American Samoa
5369:, such as the
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5344:
5331:
5316:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5296:
5283:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5180:
5167:
5160:(1999βpresent)
5148:
5135:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5114:(1983βpresent)
5100:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5080:
5067:
5064:Aceh Sultanate
5049:Main article:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5028:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4991:
4978:
4965:
4964:(1994βpresent)
4952:
4951:(1992βpresent)
4939:
4938:(2008βpresent)
4909:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4882:
4879:Uryankhay Krai
4869:
4856:
4843:
4830:
4806:
4790:
4777:
4764:
4753:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4727:
4721:
4712:
4706:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4652:
4639:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4600:
4563:
4546:
4510:
4493:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4441:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4408:
4387:Czechoslovakia
4375:
4374:
4361:
4348:
4335:
4323:
4307:
4294:
4278:
4258:
4238:
4222:
4192:used the word
4157:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4118:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4077:; ruler title
4061:
4044:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3986:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3951:
3950:3 October 1893
3938:
3937:11 August 1863
3925:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3747:: 12 May 1903
3742:
3723:
3713:
3707:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3619:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3340:(1907βc. 1949)
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3325:(1861βc. 1949)
3320:
3317:
3316:(1825βc. 1949)
3311:
3308:Bone Sultanate
3305:
3302:Gowa Sultanate
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3247:(182?βc. 1949)
3242:
3236:
3230:
3229:(1819βc. 1949)
3224:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3193:(1879βc. 1947)
3188:
3185:
3182:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3147:
3146:(1908βc. 1948)
3134:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3056:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3015:
3002:
2985:
2972:
2959:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2893:
2887:
2874:
2868:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:Siak Sultanate
2836:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2807:Deli Sultanate
2797:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2638:
2624:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2515:
2501:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2472:
2420:
2417:Raj of Sarawak
2406:
2392:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2358:
2345:
2334:
2320:
2309:
2296:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2238:
2224:
2213:
2200:
2187:
2176:
2163:
2152:
2139:
2128:
2117:
2106:
2095:
2090:
2076:
2054:
2040:
2027:
2005:Queen Victoria
1999:1960 stamp of
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1823:
1811:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:Umm al-Qaiwain
1623:
1622:
1621:
1595:
1592:Ras Al Khaimah
1582:
1569:
1556:
1543:
1523:Trucial States
1512:
1499:
1486:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1431:
1421:
1407:
1393:
1382:
1368:
1354:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:British Cyprus
1323:
1313:Ionian islands
1305:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1262:Indian nation)
1244:
1241:
1236:Main article:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1183:
1170:
1157:
1144:
1131:
1116:
1113:
1081:
1078:
1009:
1006:
988:
985:
950:
947:
945:
942:
913:
910:
849:
848:
846:
845:
838:
831:
823:
820:
819:
806:
805:
800:
799:
798:
797:
795:Hybrid regimes
792:
787:
786:
785:
775:
770:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
746:
745:
744:
743:
738:
733:
728:
726:Regional power
723:
715:
714:
708:
707:
705:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
676:
675:
669:
668:
666:
665:
660:
655:
648:
643:
638:
633:
631:Puppet monarch
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
600:
599:
593:
592:
590:
589:
584:
579:
571:
570:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
549:
548:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
508:
507:
502:
501:
496:
490:
487:
486:
484:
483:
482:
481:
476:
466:
464:State religion
458:
457:
455:
454:
451:
447:
444:
443:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
387:
386:
381:
380:
375:
369:
366:
365:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
335:Constitutional
332:
327:
319:
318:
313:
312:
307:
301:
296:
294:Power ideology
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
282:
280:
279:
274:
269:
261:
260:
258:(rule by none)
251:
250:
248:
247:
242:
241:
240:
230:
222:
221:
208:
207:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
141:
140:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
110:Representative
107:
102:
97:
92:
84:
83:
68:
65:
64:
61:
60:
49:
48:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11270:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11245:
11243:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11198:
11195:
11191:
11188:
11187:
11186:
11183:
11182:
11180:
11176:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11126:
11124:
11120:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11078:Indirect rule
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11045:
11043:
11039:
11031:
11028:
11027:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11001:
10998:
10994:
10991:
10990:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10978:Dual monarchy
10976:
10974:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10964:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10949:
10947:
10945:
10944:Unitary state
10941:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10874:Confederation
10872:
10870:
10867:
10866:
10864:
10862:
10858:
10853:
10845:
10840:
10838:
10833:
10831:
10826:
10825:
10822:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10784:
10783:
10781:
10775:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10705:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10647:
10645:
10641:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10618:
10615:
10614:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10551:
10548:
10547:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10509:
10506:
10505:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10485:
10484:Kommun/Kunta
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10372:
10370:
10366:
10362:
10355:
10351:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10308:Roman diocese
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10250:
10248:
10244:
10238:
10235:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10199:
10196:
10195:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10148:Neighbourhood
10146:
10144:
10141:
10137:
10134:
10133:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10095:
10092:
10091:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10043:
10040:
10039:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10027:Alpine resort
10025:
10024:
10022:
10018:
10014:
10007:
10003:
9987:
9984:
9983:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9957:
9954:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9936:
9934:
9933:
9931:
9927:
9919:
9916:
9915:
9913:
9911:
9910:Regional unit
9908:
9907:
9905:
9901:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9871:
9869:
9867:
9863:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9848:
9846:
9844:
9840:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9822:
9819:
9818:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9791:
9790:
9787:
9786:
9784:
9782:
9778:
9772:
9771:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9759:Federal state
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9746:
9744:
9742:
9738:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9705:
9702:
9701:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9688:
9685:
9684:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9677:
9673:
9667:
9666:
9662:
9660:
9659:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9649:
9647:
9645:
9641:
9635:
9634:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9622:Subprefecture
9620:
9618:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9610:
9606:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9588:
9585:
9584:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9549:
9547:
9545:
9541:
9534:
9531:
9528:
9525:
9524:
9522:
9518:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9498:
9496:
9494:
9490:
9484:
9481:
9477:
9474:
9473:
9472:
9469:
9465:
9462:
9461:
9460:
9457:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9444:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9408:
9405:
9404:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9392:Land district
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9367:City district
9365:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9355:
9351:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9337:
9333:
9327:
9324:
9323:
9321:
9319:
9315:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9263:
9261:
9259:
9255:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9236:
9232:
9226:
9225:
9221:
9219:
9218:
9214:
9212:
9211:
9210:Imperial city
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9182:
9178:
9172:
9171:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9157:
9153:
9149:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9124:
9122:
9120:
9116:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9080:
9076:
9069:
9065:
9061:
9057:
9056:English terms
9052:
9048:
9044:
9036:
9031:
9029:
9024:
9022:
9017:
9016:
9013:
8999:
8998:Soviet empire
8996:
8994:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8983:Miscellaneous
8981:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8943:
8940:
8939:
8937:
8933:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8901:
8898:
8897:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8835:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8816:
8812:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8767:
8764:
8763:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8713:
8710:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8682:
8681:
8678:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8618:
8617:
8614:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8601:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8582:German Empire
8580:
8579:
8578:
8575:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8562:
8561:
8558:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8508:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8454:
8450:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8347:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8324:
8323:
8322:Turco-Persian
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8263:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8230:
8229:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8190:
8189:
8186:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8111:
8110:
8107:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8080:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7977:
7974:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7957:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7913:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7858:
7854:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7807:
7804:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7730:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7617:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7598:
7595:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7542:
7537:
7535:
7530:
7528:
7523:
7522:
7519:
7511:
7507:
7503:
7498:
7495:
7489:
7486:, Routledge,
7485:
7484:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7465:
7456:on 2022-10-09
7452:
7448:
7444:
7443:Asian Affairs
7437:
7432:
7429:
7423:
7419:
7418:
7412:
7401:
7399:9780444862419
7395:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7374:
7373:
7361:
7357:
7351:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7312:
7304:
7297:
7289:
7285:
7279:
7271:
7267:
7261:
7253:
7249:
7243:
7235:
7231:
7225:
7210:
7206:
7199:
7184:
7180:
7173:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7139:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7107:
7100:
7085:
7081:
7074:
7059:
7057:
7052:
7045:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6986:
6984:
6976:
6971:
6963:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6944:
6942:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6918:
6909:
6901:
6895:
6891:
6890:
6882:
6874:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6855:
6846:
6845:0-521-64255-8
6842:
6836:
6832:
6826:
6825:0-312-16000-3
6822:
6816:
6810:
6796:
6792:
6786:
6772:
6768:
6762:
6748:
6744:
6738:
6730:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6705:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6680:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6657:
6649:
6643:
6639:
6638:
6630:
6623:
6617:
6613:
6612:
6604:
6593:
6592:
6584:
6575:
6569:, p. 51.
6568:
6563:
6561:
6553:
6548:
6529:
6522:
6508:on 2019-07-27
6507:
6503:
6497:
6490:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6471:
6464:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6424:
6405:
6398:
6391:
6376:
6375:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6350:
6346:
6345:
6337:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6283:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6215:
6209:, p. 50.
6208:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6183:
6178:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6124:
6118:, p. 16.
6117:
6112:
6106:, p. 42.
6105:
6100:
6098:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6067:(17): 28β37.
6066:
6062:
6058:
6051:
6043:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6024:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5962:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5908:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5870:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5728:
5727:Priest-patron
5722:
5715:
5710:
5708:
5703:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5612:
5602:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5586:
5581:
5574:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5517:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5379:insular areas
5376:
5372:
5368:
5355:
5345:
5342:
5332:
5329:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5307:
5297:
5294:
5284:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5211:United States
5208:
5204:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5165:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5122:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5091:
5081:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5039:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5012:
5011:
5002:
4992:
4989:
4979:
4976:
4966:
4963:
4953:
4950:
4940:
4937:
4936:South Ossetia
4927:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4880:
4870:
4867:
4857:
4854:
4844:
4841:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4788:
4778:
4775:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4741:
4740:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4683:
4673:
4672:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4637:
4636:Korean Empire
4632:
4627:
4626:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4598:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4574:
4573:Benadir Coast
4564:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4491:
4480:
4470:
4469:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4442:
4439:
4429:
4428:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4372:
4362:
4359:
4349:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4308:
4305:
4304:Ruanda-Urundi
4295:
4293:
4289:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4191:
4190:German Empire
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4168:
4163:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4129:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3962:
3952:
3949:
3939:
3936:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:Treaty of Fez
3790:
3786:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3680:CΓ΄te d'Ivoire
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:(Haute-Volta)
3665:
3661:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3487:(1657βc.1949)
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3355:Ajattappareng
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3280:(1844βc.1949)
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3262:(1828βc.1949)
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3148:
3145:
3135:
3132:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3057:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3016:
3013:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2983:
2973:
2970:
2960:
2957:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2935:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2837:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2811:
2808:
2798:
2795:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2650:
2639:
2636:
2625:
2622:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2532:
2527:
2516:
2513:
2502:
2499:
2488:
2483:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2407:
2404:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2370:
2359:
2356:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2297:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2239:
2236:
2225:
2223:* (1920β1963)
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2151:* (1914β1960)
2150:
2145:
2140:
2138:* (1896β1961)
2137:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2105:* (1894β1965)
2104:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2066:(1893β1964) (
2065:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1650:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1596:
1593:
1583:
1580:
1570:
1567:
1557:
1554:
1544:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1513:
1510:
1500:
1497:
1487:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1452:
1443:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1408:
1405:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1369:
1366:
1355:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1289:(1800β1813);
1288:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1171:
1168:
1158:
1155:
1145:
1142:
1132:
1129:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1034:indirect rule
1031:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
984:
981:
976:
972:
968:
963:
961:
956:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
909:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
844:
839:
837:
832:
830:
825:
824:
822:
821:
818:
813:
808:
807:
796:
793:
791:
788:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:
755:
754:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
716:
713:
710:
709:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:Confederation
680:
679:
678:
677:
674:
671:
670:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
653:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
601:
598:
595:
594:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
577:Unitary state
575:
574:
573:
572:
569:
566:
565:
557:
556:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
509:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
489:
488:
480:
479:State atheism
477:
475:
472:
471:
470:
469:Secular state
467:
465:
462:
461:
460:
459:
452:
449:
448:
446:
445:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
389:
388:
379:
376:
374:
373:Authoritarian
371:
370:
368:
367:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Parliamentary
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
320:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
300:
299:
291:
290:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
256:
253:
252:
246:
243:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:
229:
226:
225:
224:
223:
218:
213:
210:
209:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
144:
143:
142:
138:(rule by few)
136:
133:
132:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:
80:
75:
72:
71:
63:
62:
59:
56:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
29:
22:
11248:Client state
11217:Subsidiarity
11113:Vassal state
11093:Puppet state
11088:Protectorate
11087:
11053:Client state
10779:
10700:Maalaiskunta
10660:Heerlijkheid
10500:LΓ€n (Sweden)
10168:Protectorate
10167:
10163:Principality
10084:Constituency
9973:Neutral zone
9768:
9663:
9656:
9631:
9544:Municipality
9222:
9215:
9208:
9194:Charter city
9168:
9099:Special area
9089:Insular area
8749:Contemporary
8599:Indo-Persian
8587:Nazi Germany
8531:Contemporary
8433:Vijayanagara
8332:Great Seljuk
8243:Thessalonica
8171:Golden Horde
7811:Carthaginian
7590:Neo-Assyrian
7575:Neo-Sumerian
7509:
7482:
7475:(1): 231β240
7472:
7468:
7458:, retrieved
7451:the original
7446:
7442:
7416:
7403:. Retrieved
7381:
7370:Bibliography
7359:
7350:
7328:(1): 26β52.
7325:
7321:
7311:
7296:
7287:
7278:
7269:
7260:
7251:
7248:"East Timor"
7242:
7233:
7224:
7214:21 September
7212:. Retrieved
7208:
7198:
7188:21 September
7186:. Retrieved
7182:
7172:
7160:. Retrieved
7155:
7146:
7113:
7109:
7099:
7087:. Retrieved
7083:
7073:
7061:. Retrieved
7054:
7044:
6999:
6995:
6970:
6950:
6923:
6917:
6908:
6888:
6881:
6861:
6854:
6814:
6809:
6798:. Retrieved
6794:
6785:
6774:. Retrieved
6770:
6761:
6750:. Retrieved
6746:
6737:
6728:
6724:
6711:
6685:
6679:
6670:
6666:
6656:
6636:
6629:
6610:
6603:
6590:
6583:
6574:
6547:
6535:. Retrieved
6521:
6510:. Retrieved
6506:the original
6496:
6477:
6470:
6461:
6457:
6444:
6430:
6423:
6411:. Retrieved
6404:the original
6390:
6378:. Retrieved
6372:
6362:
6343:
6336:
6326:21 September
6324:. Retrieved
6296:
6292:
6282:
6272:21 September
6270:. Retrieved
6240:
6236:
6226:
6214:
6177:
6165:. Retrieved
6137:
6133:
6123:
6111:
6084:. Retrieved
6064:
6060:
6050:
6030:
6023:
6011:. Retrieved
5975:
5971:
5961:
5949:. Retrieved
5921:
5917:
5907:
5895:. Retrieved
5883:
5879:
5869:
5860:
5830:. Retrieved
5818:
5814:
5787:. Retrieved
5775:
5771:
5744:
5721:
5713:
5674:(titles for
5652:EUFOR Althea
5642:Client state
5531:Provveditore
5504:protectorate
5364:
5313:
5264:through the
5255:
5200:
5163:
5097:
4949:Transnistria
4919:
4917:
4906:
4613:
4457:to India as
4440:(1947β2007).
4383:Nazi Germany
4379:World War II
4376:
4317:German Samoa
4196:Schutzgebiet
4193:
4187:
4171:
4073:(one of the
3885:Maximilian I
3877:Napoleon III
3815:Traditional
3660:Burkina Faso
3580:
3466:The Moluccas
2767:
2743:Qing dynasty
2715:Yuan dynasty
2685:Tang dynasty
2590:(1909β1946)
2557:(1914β1946)
2469:Sungai Ujong
2460:(1888β1895)
2446:(1895β1946)
2432:(1948β1957)
2317:Cook Islands
2254:
1933:Lower Aulaqi
1676:(1963β1967)
1607:(1820β1971)
1449:Western Asia
1128:Liga Federal
1106:
1098:great powers
1095:
1083:
1068:protectorate
1067:
1063:
1056:Black Africa
1048:
1030:native state
1011:
1003:
999:
996:
964:
952:
921:
918:Roman Empire
915:
906:colonization
899:
894:
890:
865:that enjoys
855:protectorate
854:
852:
731:Middle power
658:Vassal state
652:Buffer state
650:
626:Puppet state
621:Protectorate
620:
597:Client state
587:Principality
413:Distributism
355:Presidential
233:Dictatorship
157:Gerontocracy
79:rule by many
52:
36:Part of the
11253:Colonialism
11144:Irredentism
11122:Development
11103:Trusteeship
11068:Direct rule
11041:Subordinacy
10852:subdivision
10695:Landskommun
10587:SavivaldybΔ
10453:Switzerland
10448:South Tyrol
10328:Viceroyalty
10121:Governorate
10079:Condominium
9982:Trade zone
9856:Market town
9851:Census town
9749:Proto-state
9721:Microregion
9286:County town
9281:County seat
9148:Half-canton
8337:Khwarezmian
8270:Carolingian
8075:Rashtrakuta
7779:Shaishunaga
7678:Hellenistic
7661:New Kingdom
7651:Old Kingdom
7506:Claude AugΓ©
6932:10125/20375
6436:John Murray
6243:: 151β162.
5924:(1): 1β26.
5626:(1945β1955)
5613:(1945β1949)
5600:(1941β1943)
5587:(1899β1956)
5547:Santa Maura
5457:Puerto Rico
5356:(1899β1915)
5343:(1899β1903)
5330:(1899β1901)
5308:(1915β1936)
5295:(1904β1939)
5282:(1904β1934)
5192:(1996β1998)
5179:(1962β1963)
5166:since 2008)
5147:(1992β1993)
5134:(1999β2002)
5092:(1669β1685)
5079:(1560β1590)
5066:(1569β1903)
5040:(1851β1899)
5003:(2020β2023)
4990:(2015β2022)
4977:(2015β2022)
4868:(1873β1920)
4855:(1873β1920)
4842:(1829β1856)
4789:(1807β1812)
4776:(1804β1810)
4763:(1783β1801)
4752:(1654β1764)
4732:(1515β1859)
4726:(1903β1910)
4715:Gaza Empire
4711:(1857β1914)
4684:(1462β1475)
4664:(1939β1945)
4651:(1932β1945)
4638:(1905β1910)
4492:(1939β1943)
4420:(1940β1943)
4373:(1895β1897)
4306:(1894β1920)
4202:World War I
4184:(1939β1945)
3985:(1923β1924)
3963:6 June 1884
3924:6 June 1884
3879:during the
3664:Upper Volta
3645:Dar al-Kuti
3591:direct rule
3565:(????-1949)
3481:(1667β1949)
3310:(1669β1905)
3256:(1822β1949)
3241:(182?β1949)
3235:(1819β1942)
3220:(1819β1949)
3208:(1787β1860)
3206:Banjarmasin
3181:(1860β1904)
3173:& Solor
3165:(1905β1942)
3133:(1843β1894)
3111:(1843β1906)
3105:(1843β1908)
3103:Karang Asem
3092:(1849β1882)
3086:(1843β1908)
3074:(1843β1908)
3068:(1843β1906)
3055:(1843β1908)
3033:(1682β1809)
2971:(1684β1819)
2958:(1682β1811)
2936:(1819β1911)
2934:Lingga-Riau
2911:(1904β1946)
2892:(1886β1946)
2886:(1833β1899)
2730:(1270β1356)
2672:Han dynasty
2651:(1909β1946)
2637:(1909β1946)
2623:(1909β1946)
2607:(1894β1909)
2574:(1897β1909)
2528:(1874β1895)
2514:(1874β1895)
2500:(1888β1895)
2484:(1886β1895)
2471:(1874β1888)
2419:(1888β1946)
2405:(1888β1984)
2391:(1888β1946)
2371:(1900β1970)
2357:(1900β1901)
2344:(1893β1978)
2333:(1892β1916)
2319:(1888β1893)
2308:(1877β1916)
2295:(1884β1888)
2274:(1882β1913)
2251:(1924β1964)
2237:(1922β1936)
2212:(1914β1922)
2199:(1901β1957)
2186:(1900β1914)
2175:(1903β1968)
2162:(1900β1914)
2127:(1895β1920)
2116:(1894β1962)
2089:(1890β1963)
2051:Barotseland
2039:(1885β1966)
2026:(1884β1960)
1780:Aden Colony
1668:South Yemen
1635:(1820β1971)
1620:(1936β1951)
1594:(1820β1971)
1581:(1952β1971)
1568:(1835β1971)
1555:(1820β1971)
1542:(1820β1971)
1430:(1845β1947)
1425:British Raj
1418:Afghanistan
1353:(1809β1862)
1227:(1828β1835)
1221:(1869β1876)
1215:(1899β1903)
1182:(1843β1851)
1169:(1820β1822)
1156:(1820β1821)
1143:(1817β1818)
1130:(1815β1820)
1109:microstates
926:Middle Ages
736:Great power
721:Small power
663:Viceroyalty
534:Nationalism
398:Colonialism
378:Libertarian
340:Directorial
217:rule by one
197:Technocracy
192:Stratocracy
172:Meritocracy
162:Kleptocracy
152:Aristocracy
11242:Categories
11222:Suzerainty
11164:Separatism
11139:Detachment
11129:Annexation
11020:Superstate
11015:Real union
10952:Devolution
10919:Federation
10861:Federalism
10643:Historical
10607:ShahrestΔn
10550:Autonomous
10298:Presidency
10246:Historical
10215:Suzerainty
10198:Autonomous
10042:Autonomous
9764:Free state
9754:City-state
9716:Mesoregion
9609:Prefecture
9336:Department
8907:Portuguese
8788:Revival Le
8778:Vietnamese
8421:Later Tran
8391:Vietnamese
8287:Singhasari
8275:Holy Roman
7899:Bulgarian
7835:Satavahana
7806:Phoenician
7742:Achaemenid
7703:Indo-Greek
7683:Macedonian
7597:Babylonian
7460:2020-12-24
7405:24 October
7089:24 October
7019:1887/73992
6899:0792329937
6872:9231027166
6800:2024-01-17
6776:2024-01-16
6752:2024-01-16
6747:rulers.org
6537:31 October
6512:2020-05-11
6167:24 October
6086:24 October
6013:24 October
5951:23 October
5897:23 October
5832:24 October
5789:24 October
5737:References
5539:Cephalonia
4912:See also:
4719:Mozambique
4539:Menelik II
4160:See also:
4041:Ari`i rahi
3817:Madagascar
3806:was under
3745:Mauritania
3630:Porto-Novo
3622:Porto-Novo
3536:New Guinea
3495:& Alor
3493:West Timor
3406:Balangnipa
3362:Malusetasi
2649:Terengganu
1873:Lower Yafa
1723:Upper Yafa
1338:South Asia
991:See also:
960:annexation
871:suzerainty
741:Superpower
697:Superstate
692:Federation
687:Devolution
673:Federalism
514:City-state
187:Plutocracy
182:Particracy
46:government
11207:Home rule
11159:Secession
11154:Partition
10684:Landskap
10680:LÀn/LÀÀni
10634:Vingtaine
10602:SeniΕ«nija
10592:Selsoviet
10567:Poblacion
10504:Landskap
10434:Gemeinde
10425:Freguesia
10380:Apskritis
10303:Residency
10268:Exarchate
10210:Sultanate
10101:Eldership
10032:Bailiwick
9781:Territory
9731:Subregion
9476:in the US
9308:Viscounty
9235:Community
8900:Couronian
8538:Ethiopian
8526:Manchukuo
8481:Brazilian
8327:Ghaznavid
8297:Srivijaya
8248:Trebizond
8233:Byzantine
8215:North Sea
8210:Norwegian
8198:Almoravid
8181:Ilkhanate
8151:Majapahit
8124:Muromachi
8033:Solomonic
8018:Ethiopian
7932:Caliphate
7865:Aragonese
7693:Ptolemaic
7502:Paul AugΓ©
7334:0031-7837
7209:Jamestown
7138:155529950
7130:2374-5118
7036:156061334
7028:2159-9165
6313:0266-626X
6267:226175755
6259:2289-666X
6162:214425740
6154:0191-6599
6073:0368-4016
6008:162713931
5992:0021-8537
5946:148316956
5938:1527-8050
5892:0081-0606
5827:1052-2867
5784:1303-2925
5672:Protector
5262:Nicaragua
5025:Cape Juby
4662:Mengjiang
4649:Manchukuo
4560:Cirenaica
4526:, in the
4071:Mangareva
4022:, mainly
3855:by treaty
3799:in 1952.
3652:Bangassou
3444:Bontobatu
3425:Pambauang
3372:Sidenreng
3179:Larantuka
3053:Klungkung
2903:Pelalawan
2173:Swaziland
1540:Abu Dhabi
1256:Mosquitia
568:Unitarism
544:Globalism
450:Religious
438:Tribalism
428:Socialism
423:Feudalism
408:Despotism
403:Communism
393:Anarchism
330:Communist
277:Stateless
267:Anarchism
228:Despotism
212:Autocracy
202:Theocracy
167:Kritarchy
135:Oligarchy
120:Socialist
74:Democracy
11202:Hegemony
11185:Autonomy
11178:See also
11073:Dominion
10899:Federacy
10785:See also
10520:Maakunta
10515:LocalitΓ
10460:Gemeente
10420:Frazione
10390:Barangay
10220:Townland
10158:Precinct
10143:Muftiate
10094:District
10054:Cadastre
9866:Township
9644:Province
9535:(Canada)
9493:Division
9354:District
8880:Japanese
8843:Scottish
8823:American
8815:Colonial
8744:Imperial
8712:Moroccan
8648:Japanese
8626:Afsharid
8485:Burmese
8471:Austrian
8426:Later Le
8401:Early Le
8386:Venetian
8312:Tiwanaku
8225:Hellenic
8188:Moroccan
8119:Kamakura
8109:Japanese
8092:Saffarid
8045:Georgian
7959:Chalukya
7937:Rashidun
7927:Calakmul
7895:Bruneian
7774:Haryanka
7752:Sasanian
7747:Parthian
7698:Bactrian
7688:Seleucid
7668:Goguryeo
7646:Egyptian
7580:Assyrian
7570:Akkadian
7561:Colonies
7508:(1925).
7342:42634352
7162:25 April
6463:control.
6452:(1908).
5863:: 41β67.
5631:See also
5564:de facto
5518:and the
5385:and the
5314:De facto
5098:De facto
5077:Maldives
4962:Abkhazia
4921:de facto
4907:De facto
4896:Xinjiang
4520:Ethiopia
4288:Wituland
4274:and the
4248:Togoland
4079:`Akariki
4037:Otaheiti
3935:Cambodia
3860:Americas
3735:Tadjoura
3727:Djibouti
3725:Present
3674:Baghirmi
3448:Enrekang
3441:Batulapa
3428:Tapalang
3260:Sukadana
3090:Jembrana
3078:Buleleng
3031:Semarang
2621:Kelantan
2526:Selangor
2259:De facto
1897:Haushabi
1731:Al-Dhubi
1579:Fujairah
1423:Various
1243:Americas
1219:Paraguay
1193:Paraguay
1091:dynastic
1073:de facto
1043:de facto
1024:de facto
980:de facto
944:Typology
867:autonomy
616:Dominion
345:Legalist
325:Absolute
310:Republic
305:Monarchy
177:Noocracy
147:Anocracy
100:Economic
90:Demarchy
11134:Cession
11083:Mandate
10780:italics
10740:Satrapy
10725:Pargana
10650:Commote
10508:Finland
10488:Finland
10480:Kampong
10470:Hromada
10443:Germany
10438:Austria
10410:Comarca
10368:Current
10323:Tithing
10293:Monthon
10278:Hundred
10225:Village
10178:Regency
10173:Quarter
10106:Emirate
10074:Commune
10064:Circuit
10020:Current
9318:Country
9156:Capital
9119:Borough
8947:largest
8942:Empires
8922:Swedish
8917:Spanish
8912:Russian
8875:Italian
8850:Chinese
8838:English
8833:British
8828:Belgian
8803:Vietnam
8793:Tay son
8739:Tsarist
8734:Russian
8729:Ottoman
8695:Dzungar
8690:Khoshut
8663:Mexican
8658:Maratha
8641:Pahlavi
8621:Safavid
8616:Iranian
8543:Haitian
8506:Chinese
8466:Ashanti
8438:Wagadou
8364:Eastern
8359:Western
8342:Timurid
8302:Tibetan
8292:Songhai
8282:Serbian
8203:Almohad
8193:Idrisid
8097:Samanid
8087:Tahirid
8082:Iranian
8060:Kannauj
8040:Genoese
7976:Chinese
7969:Eastern
7964:Western
7952:Fatimid
7947:Abbasid
7942:Umayyad
7915:Burmese
7875:Ayyubid
7870:Angevin
7840:Xianbei
7828:Eastern
7823:Western
7769:Magadha
7732:Iranian
7725:Xiongnu
7710:Hittite
7619:Chinese
7607:Kassite
7556:Ancient
7548:Empires
7058:(CEEOL)
6731:(1): 27
6321:1801424
5692:Tribute
5164:de jure
4828:Ukraine
4824:Romania
4820:Moldova
4536:Emperor
4455:acceded
4418:Denmark
4391:Denmark
4236:Namibia
4054:Raiatea
4007:Oceania
3961:Vietnam
3849:Tunisia
3819:States
3804:Morocco
3785:Morocco
3720:Anjouan
3716:Comoros
3710:Senegal
3626:Cotonou
3616:Danhome
3595:Cercles
3412:Cenrana
3409:Binuang
3395:Tanette
3338:Banggai
3295:Celebes
3254:Sintang
3245:Sekadau
3144:Sumbawa
3109:Tabanan
3084:Gianyar
2997:(later
2969:Cirebon
2909:Siantar
2777:Sumatra
2306:Tokelau
2279:Oceania
2149:Nigeria
1969:Dathina
1885:Audhali
1837:Qutaibi
1804:Bir Ali
1743:Mawsata
1739:Maflahi
1735:Hadrami
1727:Al-Busi
1711:Qu'aiti
1687:Kathiri
1605:Sharjah
1483:Bahrain
1466:Bushire
1260:Miskito
1225:Uruguay
930:Andorra
912:History
879:de jure
758:Related
453:Secular
418:Fascism
255:Anarchy
245:Tyranny
105:Liberal
11058:Colony
10988:Empire
10966:Unions
10755:Syssel
10745:Socken
10713:Greece
10688:Sweden
10675:Korale
10670:KΓΆping
10665:KomunΓ«
10629:Tehsil
10545:Oblast
10493:Sweden
10415:Comune
10400:Bezirk
10395:Bashki
10385:Bakhsh
10258:Barony
10253:Agency
10230:Summer
10193:Sector
10188:Riding
10153:Parish
10126:Hamlet
10069:Colony
10059:Circle
10037:Banner
9676:Region
9258:County
9142:Canton
8885:Mongol
8870:German
8865:French
8855:Danish
8798:Dainam
8773:Tongan
8761:Somali
8756:Sokoto
8722:'Alawi
8700:Kalmyk
8680:Mongol
8673:Second
8653:Korean
8604:Mughal
8594:Indian
8577:German
8570:Second
8560:French
8553:Second
8489:Second
8461:Afghan
8453:Modern
8379:Kyrgyz
8374:Uighur
8369:Second
8349:Turkic
8317:Toltec
8253:Epirus
8238:Nicaea
8161:Mongol
8114:Yamato
8050:Huetar
7908:Second
7845:Rouran
7794:Shunga
7789:Maurya
7764:Kushan
7737:Median
7715:Hunnic
7673:Harsha
7490:
7424:
7396:
7340:
7332:
7136:
7128:
7063:3 July
7034:
7026:
6958:
6896:
6869:
6843:
6833:
6823:
6700:
6644:
6618:
6485:
6413:2 July
6380:2 July
6351:
6319:
6311:
6265:
6257:
6160:
6152:
6081:715150
6079:
6071:
6038:
6006:
6000:180113
5998:
5990:
5944:
5936:
5890:
5825:
5782:
5557:, and
5555:Cerigo
5551:Ithaca
5293:Panama
5235:Panama
5207:Panama
5162:(only
4881:(1914)
4804:Serbia
4503:Monaco
4438:Bhutan
4175:kronen
4143:Futuna
4128:Sigave
4107:Wallis
3970:Europe
3922:Tonkin
3764:Brakna
3704:Sarkin
3700:Zinder
3686:Guinea
3654:, 1894
3577:Africa
3485:Tidore
3421:Mamuju
3416:Majene
3365:Rapang
3227:Landak
3199:Borneo
3171:Flores
3131:Lombok
3117:Lombok
3072:Bangli
3066:Badung
2956:Banten
2728:Goryeo
2646:
2635:Perlis
2632:
2618:
2599:
2585:
2566:
2552:
2523:
2509:
2498:Pahang
2495:
2482:Jelebu
2455:
2441:
2414:
2403:Brunei
2400:
2366:
2328:
2290:
2246:
2232:
2084:
2048:
2021:
1991:Africa
1957:Aqrabi
1849:Fadhli
1821:Beihan
1808:Habban
1806:, and
1796:Balhaf
1741:, and
1646:
1520:
1480:
1470:Persia
1442:Bhutan
1439:
1415:
1401:
1376:
1362:
1267:Europe
1195:(1876)
1064:colony
1016:, the
934:France
902:colony
883:treaty
582:Empire
494:Global
125:Others
115:Social
95:Direct
10750:Subah
10735:Rreth
10730:PlasΔ
10720:Pagus
10708:Egypt
10704:Nome
10624:SΓ½sla
10617:China
10597:Sitio
10582:Raion
10572:Purok
10562:OstΔn
10557:Okrug
10535:Mukim
10530:Muban
10525:Megye
10475:JudeΘ
10465:Gmina
10318:Tenth
10288:March
10263:Burgh
10205:Shire
10136:Royal
10131:Manor
10089:Duchy
10049:Block
9741:State
8935:Lists
8890:Omani
8860:Dutch
8766:Isaaq
8717:Saadi
8685:Oirat
8668:First
8636:Qajar
8565:First
8548:First
8521:China
8494:Third
8354:First
8307:Tikal
8258:Morea
8228:Roman
8146:Latin
8141:Khmer
8136:Kanem
8102:Buyid
8028:Zagwe
8023:Aksum
8013:Chola
7920:First
7903:First
7890:Bornu
7885:Benin
7880:Aztec
7818:Roman
7799:Gupta
7784:Nanda
7720:White
7454:(PDF)
7439:(PDF)
7338:JSTOR
7134:S2CID
7032:S2CID
6721:(PDF)
6595:(PDF)
6531:(PDF)
6407:(PDF)
6400:(PDF)
6317:JSTOR
6263:S2CID
6158:S2CID
6077:JSTOR
6004:S2CID
5996:JSTOR
5942:S2CID
5857:(PDF)
5698:Notes
5559:Paxos
5543:Zante
5535:Corfu
5306:Haiti
5247:Haiti
5239:ColΓ³n
4900:China
4682:Kaffa
4614:Obbia
4556:Libya
4371:Gulmu
4358:Gando
4345:Nauru
4321:Samoa
4292:Kenya
4252:Ghana
4170:5000
4147:Alofi
4058:Tahaa
3918:Annam
3755:Adrar
3731:Obock
3692:Niger
3602:Benin
3460:Malua
3456:Maiwa
3438:Allah
3387:Barru
3191:Sikka
3163:Dompu
2890:Kuala
2756:Tibet
2605:Kulim
2602:Kedah
2588:Kedah
2569:Johor
2555:Johor
2512:Perak
2369:Tonga
1981:Shaib
1945:Alawi
1861:Lahej
1833:Dhala
1800:Azzan
1756:Hawra
1699:Mahra
1618:Kalba
1566:Dubai
1553:Ajman
1509:Qatar
1320:state
1317:Greek
1141:Chile
938:Spain
893:or a
881:by a
859:state
499:Local
10760:Zhou
10577:Qark
10313:Seat
10273:Hide
10237:Ward
9929:Zone
9903:Unit
9843:Town
9181:City
9082:Area
8705:Bogd
8631:Zand
8609:Sikh
8516:Qing
8511:Ming
8443:Wari
8411:Tran
8396:Dinh
8166:Yuan
8156:Mali
8065:Pala
8055:Inca
8006:Yuan
7996:Song
7991:Liao
7986:Tang
7759:Kush
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