1009:- "Turkish peri masalı is a literal translation of the term 'fairy tale,' the originally Indo–Persian character of the peri or pari constituting the equivalent of the European fairy in modern Persian folktales (Adhami 2010). Probably the character most fascinating for a Western audience in the Persian tales is the peri or pari (Adhami 2010). Although the Persian word is tantalizingly close to the English 'fairy', both words do not appear to be etymologically related. English 'fairy' derives from Latin fatum, 'fate', via the Old French faerie, 'land of fairies'. The modern Persian word, instead, derives from the Avestan pairikā, a term probably denoting a class of pre-Zoroastrian goddesses who were concerned with sexuality and who were closely connected with sexual festivals and ritual orgies. In Persian narratives and folklore of the Muslim period, the peri is usually imagined as a winged character, most often, although not exclusively, of female sex, that is capable of acts of sorcery and magic (Marzolph 2012: 21–2). For the male hero, the peri exercises a powerful sexual attraction, although unions between a peri and a human man are often ill-fated, as the human is not able to respect the laws ruling the peri's world. The peri may at times use a feather coat to turn into a bird and is thus linked to the concept of the swan maiden that is wide-spread in Asian popular belief. If her human husband transgresses one of her taboos, such as questioning her enigmatic actions, the peri will undoubtedly leave him, a feature that is exemplified in the widely known European folktale tale type 400: 'The Man on a Quest for His Lost Wife' (Schmitt 1999)."
738:
42:
204:
239:
3480:
633:
3490:
788:
might soon turn into wrath, when he acted in a way which might offend him. He then prepares for a meeting at a pavilion outside the city. For the special occasion, the Garden was adorned with precious golden and silver vessels, jewellery, and costly furniture. After the sunset he fell asleep. When he
841:) rather than surviving in exile from the disease and the lover. The third gift, the one that gets the peri into heaven, is a "Tear that, warm and meek/Dew'd that repentant sinner's cheek": the tear of an evil old man who repented upon seeing a child praying in the ruins of the
452:
in
Turkish tales fly through the air with cloud-like garments of a green colour, but also in the shape of doves. They also number forty, seven or three, and serve a Fairy-king that can be a human person they abducted from the human world. Like vestals, Kúnos wrote, the
1479:
Marzolph, Ulrich, and
Richard van Leeuwen. "The Good, the Bad, and the Beautiful: The Survival of Ancient Iranian Ethical Concepts in Persian Popular Narratives of the Islamic Period." The Idea of Iran: Tradition and Innovation in Early Islamic Persia (2012):
1160:
Marzolph, Ulrich, and
Richard van Leeuwen. "The Good, the Bad, and the Beautiful: The Survival of Ancient Iranian Ethical Concepts in Persian Popular Narratives of the Islamic Period." The Idea of Iran: Tradition and Innovation in Early Islamic Persia (2012):
1150:
Marzolph, Ulrich, and
Richard van Leeuwen. "The Good, the Bad, and the Beautiful: The Survival of Ancient Iranian Ethical Concepts in Persian Popular Narratives of the Islamic Period." The Idea of Iran: Tradition and Innovation in Early Islamic Persia (2012):
1081:
Marzolph, Ulrich, and
Richard van Leeuwen. "The Good, the Bad, and the Beautiful: The Survival of Ancient Iranian Ethical Concepts in Persian Popular Narratives of the Islamic Period." The Idea of Iran: Tradition and Innovation in Early Islamic Persia (2012):
1239:
MacDonald, D.B., Massé, H., Boratav, P.N., Nizami, K.A. and
Voorhoeve, P., “Ḏj̲inn”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 31 January 2024
221:
The etymological relation to the
English word "fairy" is disputed. Some argue that there is no relation and that both words derive from different meanings. Others argue that both terms share a common origin: The English term "fairy" deriving from
805:
in 1855. The authors leaves a mark of mockery and used as a sign of the
Persian's gullibility. Whether Gobineau's remark holds true or not, the story reflects the popularity of such belief in Iranian consciousness.
457:
belong to the spiritual realm until love sprouts in their hearts, and they must join with their mortal lovers, being abandoned by their sisters to their own devices. Also, the first meeting between humans and
1293:
Boratav, P.N. and J.T.P. de Bruijn, “Parī”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second
Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 31 January 2024
975:
Boratav, P.N. and J.T.P. de Bruijn, “Parī”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second
Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 31 January 2024
921:
Abedinifard, Mostafa; Azadibougar, Omid; Vafa, Amirhossein, eds. (2021). Persian Literature as World Literature. Literatures as World Literature. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 37–43. ISBN 978-1-5013-5420-5
1230:
DAVLETSHİNA, Leyla, and Enzhe SADYKOVA. "ÇAĞDAŞ TATAR HALK BİLİMİNDEKİ KÖTÜ RUHLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA: PERİ BAŞKA, CİN BAŞKA." Uluslararası Türk Lehçe Araştırmaları Dergisi (TÜRKLAD) 4.2 (2020): 366-374.
1221:
DAVLETSHİNA, Leyla, and Enzhe SADYKOVA. "ÇAĞDAŞ TATAR HALK BİLİMİNDEKİ KÖTÜ RUHLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA: PERİ BAŞKA, CİN BAŞKA." Uluslararası Türk Lehçe Araştırmaları Dergisi (TÜRKLAD) 4.2 (2020): 366-374.
509:. Alleged abductions can be either physical or psychological, in which case their victims lose consciousness. During the periods of abductions, people claim to be able to see, hear, and interact with
1072:
Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji. "An Account of Comets as given by Mahomedan Historians and as contained in the books of the Pishinigan or the Ancient Persians referred to by Abul Fazl." (1917): 68-105.
1063:
Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji. "An Account of Comets as given by Mahomedan Historians and as contained in the books of the Pishinigan or the Ancient Persians referred to by Abul Fazl." (1917): 68-105.
1027:
Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji. "An Account of Comets as given by Mahomedan Historians and as contained in the books of the Pishinigan or the Ancient Persians referred to by Abul Fazl." (1917): 68-105.
1454:
Abedinifard, Mostafa; Azadibougar, Omid; Vafa, Amirhossein, eds. (2021). Persian Literature as World Literature. Literatures as World Literature. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 37–43.
1438:
Abedinifard, Mostafa; Azadibougar, Omid; Vafa, Amirhossein, eds. (2021). Persian Literature as World Literature. Literatures as World Literature. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 37–43.
1422:
Abedinifard, Mostafa; Azadibougar, Omid; Vafa, Amirhossein, eds. (2021). Persian Literature as World Literature. Literatures as World Literature. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 37–43.
290:. Comets and planets were associated with evil, while the Sun, the Moon, and the fixed stars, with good. Such negative associations of the planets, however, are not supported in
301:
are non-human beings with wings and magical powers. They are often, though not necessarily female and employ an erotic appeal to mortal men. As early as the tenth century,
102:
and distributed into wider Asian folklore. They are often described as winged creatures of immense beauty who are structured in societies similar to that of humans. Unlike
129:
already developed into morally complex beings with a generally positive connotation of immense beauty, and at latest in the tenth century, being integrated into the Arab
3776:
3519:
1100:
Shahbazi, Mohammad Reza, Somayeh Avarand, and Maryam Jamali. "An Anthropological study of Melmedas in Iran and Siren in Greece." The Anthropologist 18.3 (2014): 981-989.
377:
features in the latter, when Prince Ahmad meets the beautiful princess Pari Banu. Ahmad has to deal with difficult tasks he manages to comply by aid of his fairy-wife.
1470:
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, and Mehdi Aminrazavi, eds. An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia, Vol. 2: From Zoroaster to Omar Khayyam. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2007. pp. 320-323
737:
825:
the gift most dear to God. The first attempt is "The last libation Liberty draws/From the heart that bleeds and breaks in her cause", to wit, a drop of
3805:
41:
1261:
Shamanism and Islam: Sufism, Healing Rituals and Spirits in the Muslim World. (2017). Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 148
833:. Next is a "Precious sigh/of pure, self-sacrificing love": a sigh stolen from the dying lips of a maiden who died with her lover of
1394:
Pantologia. A new (cabinet) cyclopædia, by J.M. Good, O. Gregory, and N. Bosworth assisted by other gentlemen of eminence, Band 8
3788:
3770:
3705:
2743:
2688:
3905:
3526:
3493:
1459:
1443:
1427:
1380:
1347:
1307:
1249:
1200:
1179:
985:
909:
264:
refers to a person who lost reason because they fell in love, as the beloved steals the lover's reason. In this regard, the
3895:
1407:
705:
3900:
3860:
3687:
3442:
677:
1933:
1545:
1135:
939:
724:
549:
662:
2683:
3734:
3728:
1319:
Basilov, Vladimir N. "Shamanism in central Asia." The Realm of Extra-human. Agents and Audiences (1976): 149-157.
684:
358:
also form part of the mythological army that Keyumars eventually draws up to defeat Ahriman and his demonic son.
3890:
2913:
2449:
2252:
1212:
Claus, Peter, Sarah Diamond, and Margaret Mills. South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia. Routledge, 2020. p. 463
658:
1091:
Seyed‐Gohrab, Ali Asghar. "Magic in classical Persian amatory literature." Iranian Studies 32.1 (1999): 71-97.
1054:
Seyed‐Gohrab, Ali Asghar. "Magic in classical Persian amatory literature." Iranian Studies 32.1 (1999): 71-97.
1045:
Seyed‐Gohrab, Ali Asghar. "Magic in classical Persian amatory literature." Iranian Studies 32.1 (1999): 71-97.
1036:
Seyed‐Gohrab, Ali Asghar. "Magic in classical Persian amatory literature." Iranian Studies 32.1 (1999): 71-97.
1018:
Seyed‐Gohrab, Ali Asghar. "Magic in classical Persian amatory literature." Iranian Studies 32.1 (1999): 71-97.
3782:
1828:
1728:
3832:
3415:
1494:
691:
203:
362:
525:(دیو), who persecuted them by locking them in iron cages. This persecution was brought about by, as the
417:
is attested in Turkish sources from the 11th century onward and was probably associated with the Arabic
3920:
3910:
3885:
3699:
1564:
1373:
South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
745:
673:
3915:
2733:
2567:
2524:
1328:
ZARCONE, EDITED BY THIERRY, and ANGELA HOBART. "AND ISLAM." The Sufi orders in northern Central Asia.
283:
3925:
3370:
3253:
2841:
643:
654:
3844:
3238:
1006:
998:
749:
647:
521:
3663:
3405:
1823:
505:
would take interest in the life of humans and abduct them to invite them to weddings of fellow
2718:
2668:
1788:
1538:
1125:
855:
238:
3512:
3112:
215:
121:
were probably a class of evil spirits and only later received a positive reception. In the
17:
1172:
The Self Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature and Civilization
797:
was gone. The author of the tale was probably familarized with the tale on his travels to
211:
8:
3614:
2459:
2121:
1618:
1578:
759:
409:, local traditions variously acknowledge the existence of a supernatural creature called
3177:
3711:
3639:
2151:
2116:
1898:
1818:
838:
755:
698:
541:
306:
61:
2081:
1241:
977:
3586:
3380:
3302:
3132:
2673:
2404:
1455:
1439:
1423:
1376:
1353:
1343:
1303:
1299:
1245:
1196:
1175:
1131:
981:
935:
905:
99:
71:
3626:
3880:
3592:
3483:
3348:
3147:
2703:
2698:
2587:
2287:
2282:
2227:
2176:
2126:
1953:
1903:
1531:
1295:
830:
445:
2111:
1340:
Health and religious rituals in South Asia : disease, possession, and healing
3826:
3758:
3268:
2958:
2923:
2424:
2327:
2247:
2222:
1813:
1635:
1593:
860:
850:
545:
135:
3389:
3157:
2186:
3764:
3338:
3243:
3218:
2846:
2779:
2479:
2272:
2091:
2076:
2046:
1928:
1650:
1603:
1515:
1490:
834:
565:. They ruled the world until it was given to a tribe of angels called al-jinn (
174:
2794:
932:
The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality: Studies in Anthropological History
146:
are also feared because they are said to abduct people and take them to their
3874:
3358:
3167:
3162:
3046:
2658:
2474:
2232:
2181:
2166:
1645:
1357:
955:
758:
tells in his travel report about his 'three years in Asia' a story involving
592:
588:
578:
1958:
1863:
1110:
3608:
3385:
3322:
2986:
2938:
2866:
2851:
2769:
2713:
2389:
2257:
2196:
2131:
2096:
2056:
1858:
1778:
1748:
1738:
1655:
1640:
1608:
810:
802:
582:
554:
498:, sometimes used by a spiritual master referred to as "Master of Faries".
402:
85:
1948:
581:, they are still present during the time of Keyumar. It is only after the
3693:
3549:
3535:
3410:
2928:
2444:
2429:
2419:
2312:
2262:
2136:
2021:
1981:
1768:
1723:
1630:
842:
818:
533:
lack of sufficient self-esteem to join the rebellion against perversion.
483:
441:
are morally ambivalent creatures, and can be either Muslims or infidels.
394:
183:
117:
was subject to change and reconsideration. In early Persian beliefs, the
3071:
3051:
3001:
1868:
1853:
3620:
3596:
3142:
3066:
2774:
2678:
2638:
2439:
2384:
2352:
2307:
2292:
2267:
2191:
2086:
2036:
1991:
1986:
1918:
1883:
1873:
1763:
1686:
1681:
1671:
1613:
1598:
1583:
495:
487:
467:
75:
2357:
2337:
2106:
1523:
577:
lose their rank as representatives of the earth after the creation of
3838:
3422:
3287:
3081:
2831:
2784:
2728:
2708:
2612:
2592:
2572:
2562:
2464:
2146:
2101:
2041:
2016:
1996:
1888:
1843:
1676:
767:
433:
is more frequently used in supernatural tales. According to the book
326:
133:-tale tradition. They are often contrasted by their nemesis the ugly
3016:
1733:
821:, a peri gains entrance to heaven after three attempts at giving an
632:
373:. The tale is a combination of originally two separate stories; the
189:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3645:
3632:
3452:
3353:
3223:
3213:
3203:
3193:
3097:
3076:
3061:
3056:
3006:
2953:
2918:
2882:
2836:
2826:
2764:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2519:
2510:
2399:
2379:
2277:
2237:
2171:
2061:
2051:
2031:
2026:
2006:
1908:
1878:
1848:
1758:
1625:
877:
421:
when entering the Turkic beliefs through Islamic sources. Although
390:
339:
321:
305:
feature as a template for the exquisite beauty of "the beloved" in
147:
3280:
2892:
2887:
1773:
789:
woke up again, he found that there was that not only there was no
770:
and had hold high respect for experts in the supernatural such as
766:. Shah Qajar is said to have had a strong inclination towards the
3573:
3447:
3375:
3312:
3297:
3248:
3198:
3127:
3122:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
2991:
2943:
2799:
2723:
2643:
2617:
2597:
2534:
2529:
2515:
2347:
2156:
2071:
2001:
1943:
1938:
1838:
1833:
1808:
1798:
1783:
1753:
1588:
772:
475:
466:
are usually considered benevolent in Turkish sources. Shamans in
351:
291:
27:
A fairy-like spirit in Middle Eastern Folk-lore of Persian origin
3650:
2322:
599:
in his explanation of angels, jinn, and devils. He asserts that
3657:
3580:
3567:
3432:
3343:
3317:
3307:
3263:
3233:
3117:
3102:
2981:
2908:
2878:
2873:
2804:
2789:
2738:
2557:
2539:
2434:
2394:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2342:
2302:
2297:
2242:
2206:
2161:
2141:
1976:
1913:
1793:
1718:
1713:
1488:
1272:
872:
798:
406:
347:
331:
309:
folklore and poetry, echoing an identification with the Arabic
243:
3504:
1007:
https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315108407-4
3437:
3427:
3292:
3275:
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3208:
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3152:
3137:
3021:
3011:
2948:
2933:
2861:
2816:
2811:
2759:
2693:
2607:
2602:
2582:
2577:
2454:
2414:
2409:
2317:
2201:
2011:
1893:
1803:
1743:
1554:
1005:. Routledge, 2019. pp. 46, 52, 53. Accessed on: 16 Dec 2021.
999:
The Middle Eastern World’s Contribution to Fairy-Tale History
846:
826:
822:
570:
386:
310:
256:
130:
122:
2332:
230:(enchant). However, there is no consensus on either theory.
177:
3777:
The Beautiful Palace East of the Sun and North of the Earth
3602:
3228:
3107:
2996:
2856:
2821:
2633:
2469:
398:
343:
270:
194:. The word may stem from the same root as the Persian word
103:
829:
from a young soldier killed for an attempt on the life of
110:
usually feature in tales involving supernatural elements.
3365:
2066:
1923:
780:
warned him that the prince needs precautions to meet the
595:(1004 – between 1072–1088) elaborates on the concept of
536:
513:, and sometimes even report their words and appearance.
313:. However, the term has also been used as a synonym for
246:, riding camels. From a 15th-century Persian manuscript.
1244:> First published online: 2012 First print edition:
980:> First published online: 2012 First print edition:
902:
Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore
615:
would be both a potential angel and a potential devil (
611:
are divided into two categories: angel and devil. Each
3863:
where the swan maiden (or other type of bird) appears.
3859:"Tale types" refer to narratives of the international
1302:. First published online: 2012. First print edition:
585:
that they became hidden from the sight of humankind.
195:
168:
200:'wing', although other proposed etymologies exist.
1371:Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills
1242:http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0191
978:http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0886
282:, do not have connotations of beauty however. In
3872:
1124:Hughes, Patrick; Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1995).
210:, flying, with cup and wine flask. Miniature by
3806:Go I Know Not Whither and Fetch I Know Not What
2497:
1519:by Ferdowsi, translated by Helen Zimmern (1883)
1409:Nelson's New Dictionary of the English Language
1396:Oxford University 1819 digitalized 2006 sec. 17
486:, and protect from evil jinn. According to the
154:) or punish people for social transgressions.
3520:
1539:
297:In popular literature of the Islamic period,
163:
1123:
40:
661:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
619:), depending on obedience or disobedience.
3527:
3513:
3489:
1546:
1532:
1489:Ferdowsi; Zimmern, Helen (trans.) (1883).
853:set Moore's tale to music as an oratorio,
622:
98:is a supernatural entity originating from
725:Learn how and when to remove this message
519:were the target of a lower level of evil
462:occurs during the latter's bathtime. The
429:are sometimes used as synonyms, the term
1412:. Thomas Nelson & Sons. p. 234.
736:
350:of the threats posed by the destructive
237:
202:
1553:
1337:
14:
3873:
3789:The Heavenly Maiden and the Woodcutter
3771:The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples
3706:The Prince Who Wanted to See the World
1405:
1273:"Osmanische Volksmärchen I. (Schluss)"
3508:
3494:List of beings referred to as fairies
2496:
1699:
1527:
1270:
537:Islamic scripture and interpretations
233:
1700:
971:
969:
950:
948:
659:adding citations to reliable sources
626:
330:, "The Book of Kings", the divinity
226:(enchant) and the Persian term from
52:, 19th century, Rajput Bhopal museum
286:, comets have been identified with
164:
24:
3688:The Sea Tsar and Vasilisa the Wise
1399:
1111:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
25:
3937:
1509:
1195:University of Chicago Press 1993
991:
966:
945:
550:History of the Prophets and Kings
3488:
3479:
3478:
1300:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0886
997:Marzolph, Ulrich (08 Apr 2019)."
631:
561:at some point after the vicious
342:(the mythological first man and
254:have been considered a class of
3735:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
3729:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
3534:
1473:
1464:
1448:
1432:
1416:
1386:
1365:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1287:
1264:
1255:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1185:
1174:Columbia University Press 2012
1164:
1154:
1144:
1117:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
837:in the Mountains of the Moon (
268:features similar to the Arabic
1130:. Asian Educational Services.
1030:
1021:
1012:
924:
915:
894:
474:for aid in spiritual rituals.
13:
1:
1338:Ferrari, Fabrizio M. (2011).
934:. BRILL, 28.10.2014. p. 118.
887:
742:Peri at the Gates of Paradise
607:. Then, he proceeds that the
369:appears only in the story of
3906:Armenian legendary creatures
1495:Internet Sacred Text Archive
904:. Sharpe Reference. p. 361.
190:
178:
157:
113:Over time, the depiction of
72:Pre-Islamic Persian folklore
7:
3896:Persian legendary creatures
3623:(Transcarpathian Ukrainian)
2498:Fairy-like beings worldwide
1375:Taylor & Francis, 2003
866:
380:
363:One Thousand and One Nights
196:
169:
10:
3942:
3861:Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
3700:The Green Man of Knowledge
1565:Classifications of fairies
1001:". In: Teverseon, Andrew.
346:of the world) and his son
142:Despite their beauty, the
3901:Persian words and phrases
3854:
3833:The King of Ireland's Son
3819:
3798:
3721:
3680:
3673:
3558:
3542:
3469:
3398:
3331:
3186:
3090:
2974:
2967:
2901:
2752:
2626:
2550:
2503:
2492:
2215:
1969:
1706:
1695:
1664:
1571:
1562:
1392:Olinthus Gilbert Gregory
900:Sherman, Josepha (2008).
544:'s interpretation of the
444:According to Turkologist
334:appears in the form of a
284:Middle Persian literature
81:
67:
57:
39:
603:is the Persian term for
3845:The Tale of Tsar Saltan
1934:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar
1406:Nelson, Thomas (1922).
750:Corcoran Gallery of Art
623:Western representations
3406:Christmas gift-bringer
1824:Brown Man of the Muirs
752:
247:
218:
45:
3891:Azerbaijani mythology
2278:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling
1789:Blue men of the Minch
1665:Abodes and structures
1342:. London: Routledge.
1271:Kúnos, Ignác (1888).
882:The Peer and the Peri
856:Paradise and the Peri
815:Paradise and the Peri
740:
241:
206:
44:
2684:Hopkinsville Goblins
1003:The Fairy Tale World
859:, using an abridged
655:improve this section
569:), those leader was
216:Freer Gallery of Art
2405:Sprite/Water sprite
1579:Celtic sacred trees
1491:"The Epic of Kings"
1170:Frederick M. Smith
1127:Dictionary of Islam
784:. The affection of
760:Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
482:to heal women from
371:Ahmad and Pari Bānu
36:
3712:Lady Featherflight
3660:(Norse and Celtic)
1734:Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe)
793:but also that the
756:Arthur de Gobineau
753:
529:perceived it, the
470:sometimes consult
389:, across Northern
361:In the stories of
248:
234:Persian literature
219:
46:
32:
3921:Kurdish mythology
3911:Islamic mythology
3886:Persian mythology
3868:
3867:
3815:
3814:
3502:
3501:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3133:Headless Horseman
2674:Fearsome critters
2488:
2487:
1460:978-1-5013-5420-5
1444:978-1-5013-5420-5
1428:978-1-5013-5420-5
1381:978-0-415-93919-5
1349:978-0-203-83386-5
1308:978-90-04-16121-4
1250:978-90-04-16121-4
1201:978-0-226-06456-7
1193:Asian Mythologies
1180:978-0-231-51065-3
986:978-90-04-16121-4
960:Iranicaonline.org
910:978-0-7656-8047-1
843:Temple of the Sun
735:
734:
727:
709:
494:are able to cast
435:People of the Air
292:Avestan languages
162:The Persian word
91:
90:
62:Mythical creature
16:(Redirected from
3933:
3916:Turkish folklore
3755:(Southeast Asia)
3678:
3677:
3593:Peacock Princess
3529:
3522:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3492:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3178:Tuatha Dé Danann
3148:Jimmy Squarefoot
2972:
2971:
2699:Little green men
2494:
2493:
2460:Will-o'-the-wisp
2228:Margot the fairy
2177:Lady of the Lake
2127:Jenny Greenteeth
2122:Jack o' the bowl
1954:Queen of Elphame
1701:Attested fairies
1697:
1696:
1572:Related articles
1548:
1541:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1505:
1503:
1501:
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1477:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1452:
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1436:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1403:
1397:
1390:
1384:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1277:Ungarische Revue
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1168:
1162:
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1148:
1142:
1141:
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1115:
1114:
1107:
1101:
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1055:
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1043:
1037:
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1028:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1010:
995:
989:
973:
964:
963:
952:
943:
928:
922:
919:
913:
898:
831:Mahmud of Ghazni
730:
723:
719:
716:
710:
708:
667:
635:
627:
546:Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ
320:At the start of
250:Originally, the
199:
193:
181:
172:
167:
166:
76:Islamic folklore
37:
31:
21:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3926:Avian humanoids
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3850:
3811:
3794:
3759:Hassan of Basra
3717:
3714:(North America)
3669:
3560:
3554:
3538:
3533:
3503:
3498:
3473:
3457:
3394:
3327:
3269:Enchanted Moura
3182:
3086:
2963:
2959:Yara-ma-yha-who
2897:
2748:
2622:
2546:
2499:
2484:
2248:Mooinjer veggey
2211:
2117:Jack-o'-lantern
2082:Heinzelmännchen
1965:
1702:
1691:
1660:
1636:Household deity
1594:Fairy godmother
1567:
1558:
1552:
1512:
1499:
1497:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1469:
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953:
946:
930:Aigle, Denise.
929:
925:
920:
916:
899:
895:
890:
869:
851:Robert Schumann
748:(after Moore),
746:Thomas Crawford
731:
720:
714:
711:
668:
666:
652:
636:
625:
573:. Although the
542:Abu Ali Bal'ami
539:
478:use the aid of
383:
236:
160:
53:
48:Depiction of a
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3939:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3866:
3865:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3765:The Swan Queen
3762:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3684:
3682:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3664:The Goose Wife
3661:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3617:(South Slavic)
3612:
3606:
3600:
3590:
3587:The Crane Wife
3584:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3540:
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3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3402:
3400:
3399:Cross-regional
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3339:Dames blanches
3335:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3244:Kallikantzaros
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:Doñas de fuera
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
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3183:
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3180:
3175:
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3160:
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3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2847:Mrenh kongveal
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
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2782:
2772:
2767:
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2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2527:
2522:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2480:Yan-gant-y-tan
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
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2402:
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2382:
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2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2273:Nelly Longarms
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2077:The Hedley Kow
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Gwragedd Annwn
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
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1661:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1651:Tutelary deity
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1606:
1604:Fairy painting
1601:
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1569:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1559:
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1522:
1521:
1511:
1510:External links
1508:
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1385:
1364:
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1191:Yves Bonnefoy
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817:, part of his
733:
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637:
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624:
621:
538:
535:
501:Sometimes the
476:Uyghur shamans
382:
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182:, itself from
175:Middle Persian
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123:Islamic period
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3640:Völundarkviða
3637:
3636:
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3625:
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3619:
3616:
3613:
3611:(East Slavic)
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3416:Companions of
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3359:King Goldemar
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3168:Pictish Beast
3166:
3164:
3163:Morgan Le Fay
3161:
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2112:Iannic-ann-ôd
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1646:Nature spirit
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1517:Epic of Kings
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1279:(in German).
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927:
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876:
874:
871:
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864:
863:translation.
862:
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852:
848:
844:
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828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
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801:at orders of
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769:
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747:
743:
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729:
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718:
715:February 2020
707:
704:
700:
697:
693:
690:
686:
683:
679:
676: –
675:
671:
670:Find sources:
664:
660:
656:
650:
649:
645:
640:This section
638:
634:
629:
628:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:Nasir Khusraw
590:
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584:
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341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
324:'s epic poem
323:
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312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:, unlike the
277:
273:
272:
267:
263:
260:and the term
259:
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225:
217:
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101:
100:Persian tales
97:
96:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
51:
43:
38:
35:
30:
19:
3856:
3638:
3559:Supernatural
3543:Main article
3390:Weiße Frauen
3386:Witte Wieven
3158:Menninkäinen
2939:Patupaiarehe
2867:Hungry ghost
2852:Orang bunian
2770:Fallen angel
2714:Nordic alien
2450:Wicked fairy
2390:Sleih beggey
2197:Lubber fiend
2187:Leanan sídhe
2132:Joan the Wad
2097:Hobbididance
2057:Gwyn ap Nudd
1779:Bloody Bones
1749:Baobhan sith
1739:Arkan Sonney
1656:Water spirit
1641:Hungry grass
1609:Fairy riding
1516:
1498:. Retrieved
1475:
1466:
1450:
1434:
1418:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1388:
1372:
1367:
1339:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1257:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1192:
1187:
1171:
1166:
1156:
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1126:
1119:
1105:
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1077:
1068:
1059:
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1023:
1014:
1002:
993:
959:
931:
926:
917:
901:
896:
881:
854:
814:
811:Thomas Moore
808:
803:Napoleon III
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
776:. One day a
771:
763:
754:
741:
721:
712:
702:
695:
688:
681:
669:
653:Please help
641:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
587:
574:
566:
562:
558:
548:
540:
530:
526:
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471:
463:
459:
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449:
443:
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403:Central Asia
384:
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134:
126:
118:
114:
112:
107:
94:
93:
92:
86:Muslim world
49:
33:
29:
3820:Adaptations
3767:(Lithuania)
3694:King Kojata
3635:(Germanic)
3550:Swan maiden
3536:Swan maiden
3411:Santa Claus
3239:Hippocampus
2929:Muldjewangk
2795:Inari Ōkami
2445:Water horse
2430:Tylwyth Teg
2420:Tooth fairy
2313:Pillywiggin
2263:Moss people
2233:Meg Mullach
2137:Joint-eater
2022:Ghillie Dhu
1982:Fairy Queen
1769:Billy Blind
1724:Alp Luachra
1631:Genius loci
1557:in folklore
1500:October 18,
1310:, 1960-2007
1252:, 1960-2007
988:, 1960-2007
845:at Balbec,
819:Lalla-Rookh
496:love spells
484:miscarriage
446:Ignác Kúnos
413:. The term
395:Afghanistan
184:Old Persian
173:comes from
3875:Categories
3829:(Noh play)
3708:(Portugal)
3702:(Scotland)
3674:Tale types
3621:Povitrulya
3597:Dai people
3443:Salamander
3143:Jack Frost
2780:Hồ ly tinh
2775:Fox spirit
2679:Grey alien
2639:Anchimayen
2440:Water bull
2385:Shellycoat
2308:Peg Powler
2293:Nuckelavee
2268:Nain Rouge
2192:Leprechaun
2087:Hinzelmann
1992:Fear gorta
1987:Fear dearg
1959:Svartálfar
1919:Each-uisge
1884:Colt pixie
1874:Clurichaun
1864:Ceffyl Dŵr
1764:Bean nighe
1687:Fairy ring
1682:Fairy path
1672:Fairy fort
1614:Fairy tale
1599:Fairy-lock
1584:Changeling
888:References
685:newspapers
589:Isma'ilite
567:fereštegan
468:Kazakhstan
307:Persianate
242:Houris in
152:Pariyestân
148:home-world
3839:Swan Lake
3835:(fantasy)
3785:(Denmark)
3783:Maid Lena
3423:Elemental
3113:Black dog
2832:Korpokkur
2785:Huli jing
2729:Pukwudgie
2709:Nimerigar
2669:Encantado
2613:Tikoloshe
2593:Mami Wata
2573:Bultungin
2563:Asanbosam
2504:Worldwide
2465:Wirry-cow
2323:Púca/Pwca
2258:Morvarc'h
2147:Kilmoulis
2102:Hobgoblin
2042:Grindylow
2017:Gancanagh
1997:Fenodyree
1949:Huldufólk
1889:Cyhyraeth
1844:Bugul Noz
1677:Fairyland
1358:739388185
956:"PAIRIKĀ"
839:Ruwenzori
773:darvīshes
642:does not
327:Shahnameh
158:Etymology
3841:(ballet)
3827:Hagoromo
3808:(Russia)
3779:(Sweden)
3773:(Serbia)
3761:(Arabic)
3753:Manohara
3747:Chilseok
3741:Tanabata
3696:(Slavic)
3690:(Russia)
3646:Brunhild
3633:Valkyrie
3629:(Greece)
3615:Samodiva
3605:(Persia)
3570:(India)
3484:Category
3474:See also
3453:Wild man
3354:Alberich
3224:Farfadet
3214:Dionysus
3204:Cercopes
3194:Basajaun
3187:Southern
3098:Aitvaras
3091:Northern
3077:Vodyanoy
3072:Vântoase
3062:Vadleany
3057:Ursitory
3052:Spiriduș
3047:Sânziană
3007:Kikimora
3002:Karzełek
2954:Wandjina
2919:Menehune
2883:Yakshini
2837:Mazzikin
2827:Kijimuna
2765:Dokkaebi
2719:Nûñnë'hï
2664:Curupira
2654:Chaneque
2649:Canotila
2627:Americas
2520:Succubus
2511:Bogeyman
2400:Spriggan
2380:Seonaidh
2238:Melusine
2172:Korrigan
2062:Habetrot
2052:Gwyllion
2032:Glashtyn
2027:Glaistig
2007:Finvarra
1909:Dullahan
1879:Coblynau
1869:Clíodhna
1854:Cat sìth
1849:Caoineag
1759:Barghest
1626:Familiar
1383:page 463
1362:p. 35-38
1182:page 570
878:Iolanthe
867:See also
813:'s poem
591:scholar
557:creates
391:Pakistan
381:Folklore
340:Keyumars
338:to warn
322:Ferdowsi
244:paradise
68:Folklore
58:Grouping
3881:Fairies
3799:ATU 465
3791:(Korea)
3749:(Korea)
3743:(Japan)
3737:(China)
3731:(China)
3722:ATU 400
3681:ATU 313
3666:(Inuit)
3627:Neraida
3589:(Japan)
3583:(Japan)
3574:Urvashi
3448:Sandman
3376:Perchta
3371:Lorelei
3332:Western
3313:Thiasus
3298:Silenus
3249:Kobalos
3199:Centaur
3128:Haltija
3123:Gremlin
3042:Rusalka
3037:Psotnik
3032:Polevik
3027:Ovinnik
2992:Domovoy
2987:Căpcăun
2975:Eastern
2944:Taniwha
2902:Oceania
2800:Kitsune
2724:Pombero
2689:Ishigaq
2644:Caipora
2618:Yumboes
2598:Obayifo
2535:Mermaid
2530:Merfolk
2516:Incubus
2358:Skogsrå
2348:Radande
2338:Bergsrå
2157:Knucker
2152:Knocker
2107:Hödekin
2072:Haltija
2037:Groac'h
2002:Finfolk
1944:Erlking
1939:Elegast
1904:Duergar
1859:Cù Sìth
1839:Bugbear
1834:Buggane
1819:Brownie
1809:Boobrie
1799:Boggart
1784:Bluecap
1754:Banshee
1589:Elfshot
1555:Fairies
795:darvīsh
778:darvīsh
699:scholar
663:removed
648:sources
352:Ahriman
262:dīvānah
212:Şahkulu
191:parikā-
82:Country
3857:Notes:
3847:(poem)
3658:Selkie
3581:Tennin
3568:Apsara
3433:Goblin
3381:Vittra
3344:Dusios
3318:Trenti
3308:Squasc
3254:Lamina
3234:Hecate
3118:Gabija
3103:Ajatar
3017:Lidérc
2982:Bannik
2968:Europe
2914:Manaia
2909:Bunyip
2879:Yaksha
2874:Tennin
2842:Mogwai
2805:Kumiho
2790:Huxian
2760:Diwata
2739:Trauco
2558:Abatwa
2551:Africa
2540:Merman
2435:Undine
2395:Sluagh
2375:Selkie
2370:Sebile
2365:Redcap
2343:Hulder
2303:Oberon
2298:Nuggle
2253:Morgen
2243:Merrow
2207:Ly Erg
2162:Kobold
2142:Kelpie
1977:Fachan
1914:Dunnie
1899:Duende
1794:Bodach
1729:Anjana
1719:Aibell
1714:Adhene
1480:16-29.
1458:
1442:
1426:
1379:
1356:
1346:
1306:
1283:: 337.
1248:
1203:p. 322
1199:
1178:
1161:16-29.
1151:16-29.
1134:
1082:16-29.
984:
938:
908:
873:Dakini
861:German
835:plague
799:Tehran
768:Occult
701:
694:
687:
680:
674:"Parī"
672:
448:, the
437:, the
407:Turkey
405:, and
397:, and
348:Siamak
332:Sorush
274:. The
257:dēvatā
125:, the
106:, the
3561:women
3438:Gnome
3428:Fates
3349:Dwarf
3303:Siren
3293:Satyr
3276:Nymph
3264:Mouro
3259:Mairu
3209:Circe
3173:Troll
3153:Lauma
3138:Hiisi
3067:Vâlvă
3022:Likho
3012:Leshy
2949:Tipua
2934:Nawao
2924:Mimis
2893:Yōsei
2888:Yōkai
2862:Preta
2817:Irshi
2812:Hyang
2694:Jogah
2608:Simbi
2603:Rompo
2588:Kishi
2583:Jengu
2578:Eloko
2568:Aziza
2455:Wight
2415:Tomte
2410:Sylph
2353:Sjörå
2318:Pixie
2288:Nixie
2283:Nisse
2202:Lutin
2012:Fuath
1894:Drude
1829:Bucca
1804:Bogle
1774:Biróg
1744:Asrai
847:Syria
827:blood
823:angel
744:, by
706:JSTOR
692:books
583:flood
571:Iblis
531:parī'
387:India
385:From
356:Parīs
311:Houri
179:parīg
131:houri
3651:Kára
3609:Vila
3603:Peri
3323:Vila
3281:List
3229:Faun
3108:Badb
3082:Zână
2997:Iele
2857:Peri
2822:Jinn
2753:Asia
2734:Saci
2704:Muki
2634:Alux
2470:Xana
2425:Trow
2328:Puck
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