683:
2205:
40:
1942:
985:
octahedra can be corner shared. 2D perovskites form when the A-site cation is larger so octahedra sheets are formed. In 1D perovskites, a chain of octahedra is formed while in 0D perovskites, individual octahedra are separated from each other. Both 1D and 0D perovskites lead to quantum confinement
887:
of A and B site elements and oxygen, respectively. The stability of perovskites can be characterized with the tolerance and octahedral factors. When conditions are not fulfilled, a layered geometry for edge-sharing or face-sharing octahedra or lower B-site coordination is preferred. These are good
965:
cations lead to different ordering schemes. These ordering schemes are rock salt, columnar, and layered structures. Rock salt is an alternating, three-dimensional checkerboard of B and B' polyhedra. This structure is the most common from an electrostatic point of view, as the B sites will have
857:
743:
elements. The A-site cations are in 12-fold coordination with the anions, while the B-site cations are in 6-fold coordination. A large number of metallic elements are stable in the perovskite structure if the
Goldschmidt
961:, where A are alkaline or rare earth metals and B are transition metals. The cation arrangement will differ based on charge, coordination geometry, and the ratio between A cation and B cation radii. The B and B
1967:
1445:
Allard, France; Hauschildt, Peter H.; Alexander, David R.; Tamanai, Akemi; Schweitzer, Andreas (July 2001). "The
Limiting Effects of Dust in Brown Dwarf Model Atmospheres".
757:
1886:
Gao, Yuting (2021). "Lead-free halide perovskites: a review of the structure–property relationship and applications in light emitting devices and radiation detectors".
966:
different valence states. Columnar arrangement can be viewed as sheets of B-cation polyhedral viewed from the direction. Layered structures are seen as sheets of B
682:
2241:
2077:
1383:
Veksler, I. V.; Teptelev, M. P. (1990). "Conditions for crystallization and concentration of perovskite-type minerals in alkaline magmas".
3102:
2420:
1974:
1932:
1506:
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Allard, France; Bida, Tom; Zuckerman, Ben; Becklin, E. E.; Chabrier, Gilles; Baraffe, Isabelle (July 1999).
1429:
1190:
1163:
491:
3992:
3982:
906:
and brittle tenacity. Colors include black, brown, gray, orange to yellow. Perovskite crystals may appear to have the
620:
1607:
2234:
96:
3095:
2534:
1083:
3977:
208:
241:
2957:
1843:
Zhang, Zhipeng (2021). "Metal Halide
Perovskite/2D Material Heterostructures: Syntheses and Applications".
937:; however, galena has a better metallic luster, greater density, perfect cleavage and true cubic symmetry.
745:
46:
Size: 2.3 cm × 2.1 cm × 2.0 cm (0.9 in × 0.8 in × 0.8 in)
2985:
2658:
2227:
1946:
501:
1148:
737:
3967:
3088:
2971:
1983:
1960:
1343:"Compositional variation of perovskite-group minerals from the Khibina Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia"
3962:
3740:
2943:
852:{\displaystyle t={\frac {R_{\rm {A}}+R_{\rm {O}}}{{\sqrt {2}}\left(R_{\rm {B}}+R_{\rm {O}}\right)}},}
2859:
652:
732:. In this structure the A-site ion, in the center of the lattice, is usually an alkaline earth or
3972:
3058:
3015:
2927:
2803:
2382:
1718:
439:
in 1926 in his work on tolerance factors. The crystal structure was later published in 1945 from
86:
3878:
3372:
2903:
2498:
2490:
2470:
2361:
2353:
394:
20:
1180:
3562:
3429:
3413:
3367:
3050:
2706:
2618:
2448:
2399:
2345:
2323:
2264:
1014:
987:
484:
411:
can be embedded in this structure, allowing the development of diverse engineered materials.
198:
24:
1342:
3987:
3926:
3601:
3574:
3521:
3389:
3149:
2767:
2578:
2518:
2510:
2478:
2369:
2301:
2280:
1671:
1572:
1519:
1464:
1392:
1307:
1264:
1219:
1047:
555:
1926:
1802:"Quasi-Zero dimensional Halide Perovskite Derivatives: Synthesis, Status, and Opportunity"
1556:
8:
3842:
3777:
3509:
3405:
3221:
3169:
2999:
2911:
2843:
2698:
2690:
2461:
2387:
2306:
2288:
1126:
1009:
899:
895:
231:
221:
1675:
1576:
1523:
1468:
1396:
1311:
1268:
1223:
1051:
577:
perovskite and sphene are not found together, the only exception being an etindite from
3894:
3757:
3680:
3526:
3062:
3023:
2682:
2340:
2296:
2250:
1903:
1868:
1782:
1741:
1694:
1661:
1649:
1488:
1454:
1323:
1280:
1065:
926:
903:
733:
666:
TiO is undetectable. The presence of TiO is used to define the transition between cool
644:
436:
188:
3862:
3818:
3797:
3501:
3493:
3355:
3271:
3250:
3111:
2634:
2598:
2440:
2179:
1907:
1872:
1860:
1786:
1699:
1630:
1588:
1537:
1480:
1425:
1404:
1237:
1186:
1159:
1069:
999:
543:
464:
440:
383:
1745:
1492:
1284:
1125:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.).
655:; as the temperature gets lower for stars and brown dwarfs with an even lower mass,
3910:
3700:
3621:
3613:
3534:
3450:
3445:
3295:
3242:
3157:
3141:
3133:
2891:
2875:
2831:
2795:
2779:
2558:
2546:
2456:
2377:
2272:
2116:
1895:
1852:
1823:
1813:
1772:
1733:
1689:
1679:
1622:
1580:
1527:
1508:"An Improved Optical Spectrum and New Model FITS of the Likely Brown Dwarf GD 165B"
1472:
1400:
1327:
1315:
1272:
1227:
1055:
740:
712:
460:
448:
398:
364:
321:
269:
251:
178:
67:
382:). Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of
3716:
3664:
3652:
3640:
3485:
3477:
3343:
3331:
3311:
3287:
3263:
3258:
3189:
3181:
3125:
3054:
2759:
2666:
2526:
2209:
1761:"Double perovskites with 3d and 4d/5d transition metals: compounds with promises"
1419:
1232:
1207:
1004:
444:
3546:
3209:
3201:
2189:
2149:
2057:
2037:
1777:
1760:
600:
574:
517:
513:
494:
420:
106:
60:
1818:
1801:
1737:
1584:
1104:
487:
to subhedral crystals filling interstices between the rock-forming silicates.
3956:
3323:
3237:
3031:
3007:
2159:
1991:
1592:
1541:
1484:
907:
566:
360:
168:
118:
1684:
933:
cation in the A-site, is cubic). Perovskite crystals have been mistaken for
3066:
2566:
1864:
1856:
1703:
1634:
1241:
915:
884:
667:
539:
435:(1792–1856). Perovskite's notable crystal structure was first described by
432:
150:
111:
1340:
2819:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2097:
2092:
2062:
2042:
1459:
708:
648:
640:
551:
532:
476:
428:
133:
1828:
1060:
1035:
604:
2185:
2134:
2072:
2016:
1899:
1276:
643:
the formation of perovskite grains is responsible for the depletion of
585:
547:
468:
125:
1626:
2219:
2175:
2144:
2102:
2087:
1319:
930:
559:
509:
472:
3080:
1952:
978:
3D perovskites form when there is a smaller cation in the A site so
39:
2867:
2154:
2067:
2052:
2047:
2011:
1666:
1532:
1507:
1476:
1418:
Deer, William
Alexander; Howie, Robert Andrew; Zussman, J. (1992).
725:
Perovskites have a nearly cubic structure with the general formula
719:
651:. Stars with a low temperature have dominant bands of TiO in their
578:
505:
480:
372:
2006:
1925:
671:
624:
612:
408:
369:
1444:
1149:"Physical properties of perovskite-type lithium ionic conductor"
19:
This article is about the mineral. For synthetic compounds, see
2021:
1941:
1557:"Electron difference density and structural parameters in CaTiO
934:
663:
608:
570:
524:
424:
375:
1505:
1298:
Megaw, Helen (1945). "Crystal
Structure of Barium Titanate".
1255:
Golschmidt, V. M. (1926). "Die
Gesetze der Krystallochemie".
892:
536:
528:
497:
23:. For solar cells using perovskite-structured compounds, see
2415:
2318:
1369:
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman and
Clifford Frondel, 1944,
722:, b = 5.45 Å and c = 7.65 Å.
636:
521:
348:
327:
1608:"Chemical structures and performance of perovskite oxides"
336:
1124:
1341:
Chakhmouradian, Anton R.; Mitchell, Roger H. (1998).
1185:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 413.
760:
345:
342:
1565:
888:
structural bounds, but not an empirical prediction.
351:
339:
333:
324:
1716:
330:
163:
Black, reddish brown, pale yellow, yellowish orange
1154:. In Sakuma, Takashi; Takahashi, Haruyuki (eds.).
1136:. Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America.
851:
736:. B-site ions, on the corners of the lattice, are
1717:Luxová, Jana; Šulcová, Petra; Trojan, M. (2008).
1254:
1205:
3954:
1417:
973:
431:in 1839 and is named after Russian mineralogist
1654:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1382:
902:, and cube-like structure along with imperfect
535:, and as an accessory mineral in alkaline and
3096:
2235:
1968:
1758:
1647:
1554:
1411:
1555:Buttner, R. H.; Maslen, E. N. (1992-10-01).
1421:An introduction to the rock-forming minerals
1297:
1206:Szuromi, Phillip; Grocholski, Brent (2017).
630:
467:is restricted to the silica under-saturated
173:Pseudo cubic – crystals show a cubic outline
1726:Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
1648:Filip, Marina; Giustino, Feliciano (2018).
3103:
3089:
2242:
2228:
1975:
1961:
1799:
1605:
1179:Wenk, Hans-Rudolf; Bulakh, Andrei (2004).
1178:
1120:
1118:
599:is found in alkali intrusive rocks in the
38:
1827:
1817:
1776:
1693:
1683:
1665:
1531:
1458:
1231:
1059:
940:
693:; red=oxygen, grey=titanium, blue=calcium
569:is limited by its reaction relation with
1650:"The Geometric Blueprint of Perovskites"
1334:
1146:
1099:
1097:
681:
554:. Perovskite is a common mineral in the
1376:
1365:
1363:
1182:Minerals: Their Constitution and Origin
1158:. Research Signpost. pp. 247–269.
1115:
619:occurs in carbonatite near Schelingen,
3955:
2249:
1710:
1199:
677:
3110:
3084:
2223:
1982:
1956:
1842:
1094:
950:A double perovskite has a formula of
945:
662:forms and at temperatures below 2000
1360:
1208:"Natural and engineered perovskites"
1140:
1036:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1033:
957:and replaces half the B sites with B
1885:
1606:Peña, M. A.; Fierro, J. L. (2001).
986:and are investigated for lead-free
226:Adamantine to metallic; may be dull
13:
1172:
1147:Inoue, Naoki; Zou, Yanhui (2006).
832:
817:
791:
776:
419:The mineral was discovered in the
14:
4004:
1918:
891:Perovskites have sub-metallic to
2203:
1940:
1888:Journal of Materials Chemistry A
1424:. Longman Scientific Technical.
914:and actually crystallize in the
751:is in the range of 0.75 to 1.0.
686:Crystal structure of perovskite
320:
44:Crystals of perovskite on matrix
1879:
1836:
1793:
1759:Saha-Dasgupta, Tanusri (2001).
1752:
1641:
1599:
1548:
1499:
1438:
565:The stability of perovskite in
1291:
1248:
1076:
1027:
475:, due to the instability in a
1:
2416:Organotitanium(III) compounds
1373:Vol. 1, Wiley, 7th ed. p. 733
1156:Physics of Solid State Ionics
1020:
974:Lower dimensional perovskites
483:. Perovskite occurs as small
463:, perovskite's occurrence at
454:
302:non-radioactive, non-magnetic
3044:Organotitanium(IV) compounds
2319:Organotitanium(II) compounds
1405:10.1016/0024-4937(90)90047-5
1233:10.1126/science.358.6364.732
7:
1800:Trifiletti, Vanira (2021).
1371:Dana's System of Mineralogy
993:
918:system, as is the case for
508:, US, in altered blocks of
10:
4009:
3993:Minerals described in 1839
3983:Minerals in space group 62
1845:Materials Research Express
1765:Materials Research Express
592:with the chemical formula
414:
18:
3633:
3594:
3470:
3304:
3230:
3118:
3043:
2752:
2433:
2333:
2257:
2199:
2168:
2115:
2030:
1999:
1990:
1819:10.3389/felec.2021.758603
1738:10.1007/s10973-008-9329-z
1585:10.1107/S0108768192004592
1350:The Canadian Mineralogist
697:The eponymous Perovskite
631:In stars and brown dwarfs
306:
298:
268:
260:
250:
240:
230:
220:
207:
197:
187:
183:complex penetration twins
177:
167:
159:
149:
144:
132:
117:
105:
95:
85:
66:
56:
51:
37:
32:
1806:Frontiers in Electronics
1778:10.1088/2053-1591/ab6293
359:) is a calcium titanium
3119:Hydrogen & halogens
1933:Encyclopædia Britannica
1685:10.1073/pnas.1719179115
1257:Die Naturwissenschaften
718: = 5.39
490:Perovskite is found in
1936:(11th ed.). 1911.
1857:10.1002/smtd.202000937
1134:Handbook of Mineralogy
1040:Mineralogical Magazine
941:Perovskite derivatives
853:
694:
397:, which has a general
21:Perovskite (structure)
3978:Orthorhombic minerals
1719:"Study of Perovskite"
1512:Astrophysical Journal
1447:Astrophysical Journal
1015:Perovskite solar cell
988:perovskite solar cell
854:
685:
560:chondritic meteorites
556:Ca-Al-rich inclusions
459:Found in the Earth's
299:Other characteristics
246:Transparent to opaque
97:Strunz classification
25:Perovskite solar cell
1949:at Wikimedia Commons
1084:"Prehnit (Prehnite)"
910:form, but are often
758:
704:crystallizes in the
395:perovskite structure
2210:Minerals portal
1894:(20): 11931–11943.
1676:2018PNAS..115.5397F
1577:1992AcCrB..48..644B
1524:1999ApJ...519..834K
1469:2001ApJ...556..357A
1397:1990Litho..26..177V
1312:1945Natur.155..484.
1269:1926NW.....14..477G
1224:2017Sci...358..732S
1061:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1052:2021MinM...85..291W
1034:Warr, L.N. (2021).
1010:Silicate perovskite
678:Physical properties
2753:Titanate compounds
2251:Titanium compounds
1927:"Perovskite"
1900:10.1039/d1ta01737c
1277:10.1007/BF01507527
1088:Mineralienatlas.de
946:Double perovskites
929:, with the larger
927:strontium titanate
849:
734:rare-earth element
695:
594:(Ca,Ce,Na)(Ti,Fe)O
437:Victor Goldschmidt
367:(chemical formula
261:Optical properties
193:good, good, good
123:Dipyramidal (mmm)
3968:Titanium minerals
3950:
3949:
3471:Group 13 & 14
3112:Calcium compounds
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
2429:
2428:
2329:
2328:
2217:
2216:
2180:carbonate mineral
2117:Silicate minerals
2111:
2110:
1984:Titanium minerals
1945:Media related to
1660:(21): 5397–5402.
1627:10.1021/cr980129f
1431:978-0-582-30094-1
1306:(3938): 484–485.
1218:(6364): 732–733.
1192:978-0-521-52958-7
1165:978-81-308-0070-7
970:and B polyhedra.
844:
804:
713:lattice constants
615:-bearing variety
588:-bearing variety
544:nepheline syenite
441:X-ray diffraction
407:. Many different
384:crystal structure
313:
312:
4000:
3963:Calcium minerals
3105:
3098:
3091:
3082:
3081:
2995:
2981:
2967:
2953:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2413:
2412:
2316:
2315:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2207:
2206:
1997:
1996:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1912:
1911:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1821:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1771:(7): 1981–2017.
1756:
1750:
1749:
1723:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1687:
1669:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1621:(7): 1981–2017.
1615:Chemical Reviews
1612:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1462:
1460:astro-ph/0104256
1442:
1436:
1435:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1320:10.1038/155484b0
1295:
1289:
1288:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1235:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1153:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1031:
984:
969:
964:
960:
956:
924:
858:
856:
855:
850:
845:
843:
842:
838:
837:
836:
835:
822:
821:
820:
805:
800:
797:
796:
795:
794:
781:
780:
779:
768:
746:tolerance factor
741:transition metal
731:
703:
692:
661:
598:
449:Helen Dick Megaw
406:
399:chemical formula
392:
381:
365:calcium titanate
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
318:(pronunciation:
270:Refractive index
252:Specific gravity
213:
81:
73:
72:(repeating unit)
42:
30:
29:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3629:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3605:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3517:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3300:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3254:
3246:
3226:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3114:
3109:
3079:
3070:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2748:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2465:
2452:
2444:
2425:
2423:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2325:
2314:
2310:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2253:
2248:
2218:
2213:
2204:
2202:
2195:
2164:
2107:
2026:
1986:
1981:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1884:
1880:
1851:(4): e2000937.
1841:
1837:
1798:
1794:
1757:
1753:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1646:
1642:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1560:
1553:
1549:
1504:
1500:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1416:
1412:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1361:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1296:
1292:
1263:(21): 477–485.
1253:
1249:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1005:Post-perovskite
996:
983:
979:
976:
967:
962:
958:
955:
951:
948:
943:
923:
919:
882:
875:
868:
831:
830:
826:
816:
815:
811:
810:
806:
799:
798:
790:
789:
785:
775:
774:
770:
769:
767:
759:
756:
755:
730:
726:
702:
698:
691:
687:
680:
670:and the colder
660:
656:
633:
597:
593:
457:
445:barium titanate
417:
405:
401:
393:, known as the
391:
387:
380:
368:
323:
319:
293:
286:
279:
211:
128:: (2/m 2/m 2/m)
124:
80:
76:
71:
70:
47:
45:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4006:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3973:Oxide minerals
3970:
3965:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2190:borate mineral
2183:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2150:Nenadkevichite
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Freudenbergite
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2038:Aeschynite-(Y)
2034:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1994:
1992:Oxide minerals
1988:
1987:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1938:
1920:
1919:External links
1917:
1914:
1913:
1878:
1835:
1792:
1751:
1732:(3): 823–827.
1709:
1640:
1598:
1571:(5): 644–649.
1558:
1547:
1533:10.1086/307380
1518:(2): 834–843.
1498:
1477:10.1086/321547
1453:(1): 357–372.
1437:
1430:
1410:
1391:(1): 177–189.
1375:
1359:
1333:
1290:
1247:
1198:
1191:
1171:
1164:
1139:
1114:
1093:
1075:
1046:(3): 291–320.
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
995:
992:
981:
975:
972:
953:
947:
944:
942:
939:
921:
880:
873:
866:
860:
859:
848:
841:
834:
829:
825:
819:
814:
809:
803:
793:
788:
784:
778:
773:
766:
763:
738:3d, 4d, and 5d
728:
711:(No. 62) with
700:
689:
679:
676:
658:
645:titanium oxide
632:
629:
601:Kola Peninsula
595:
575:volcanic rocks
558:found in some
546:, melilitite,
514:Mount Vesuvius
465:Khibina Massif
456:
453:
421:Ural Mountains
416:
413:
403:
389:
378:
311:
310:
308:
304:
303:
300:
296:
295:
291:
284:
277:
272:
266:
265:
262:
258:
257:
254:
248:
247:
244:
238:
237:
234:
228:
227:
224:
218:
217:
214:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
191:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
171:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
147:
146:
145:Identification
142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
121:
115:
114:
109:
107:Crystal system
103:
102:
99:
93:
92:
89:
83:
82:
78:
74:
64:
63:
61:Oxide minerals
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4005:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3943:
3925:
3923:
3909:
3907:
3893:
3891:
3877:
3875:
3861:
3859:
3841:
3839:
3817:
3815:
3796:
3794:
3776:
3774:
3756:
3754:
3739:
3737:
3715:
3713:
3699:
3697:
3679:
3677:
3663:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3573:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3545:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3428:
3426:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3388:
3386:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3270:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2984:
2982:
2970:
2968:
2956:
2954:
2942:
2940:
2926:
2924:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2874:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2842:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2778:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2633:
2631:
2617:
2615:
2597:
2595:
2577:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:Titanium(III)
2332:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2160:Zircophyllite
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:Haber process
998:
997:
991:
989:
971:
938:
936:
932:
928:
917:
913:
909:
908:cubic crystal
905:
901:
897:
894:
889:
886:
879:
872:
865:
846:
839:
827:
823:
812:
807:
801:
786:
782:
771:
764:
761:
754:
753:
752:
750:
747:
742:
739:
735:
723:
721:
717:
714:
710:
707:
684:
675:
673:
669:
668:M-dwarf stars
665:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:igneous rocks
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:igneous rocks
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
519:
515:
512:ejected from
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
412:
410:
400:
396:
385:
377:
374:
371:
366:
362:
361:oxide mineral
356:
317:
309:
305:
301:
297:
290:
283:
276:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
253:
249:
245:
243:
239:
236:grayish white
235:
233:
229:
225:
223:
219:
215:
210:
206:
202:
200:
196:
192:
190:
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
170:
169:Crystal habit
166:
162:
158:
154:
152:
148:
143:
140:
137:
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
119:Crystal class
116:
113:
110:
108:
104:
100:
98:
94:
90:
88:
84:
75:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
50:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
16:Oxide mineral
3595:Trans metals
2434:Titanium(IV)
2258:Titanium(II)
2201:
2082:
1931:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1829:10281/352629
1809:
1805:
1795:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1729:
1725:
1712:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1618:
1614:
1601:
1568:
1564:
1550:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1420:
1413:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1370:
1353:
1349:
1336:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1181:
1174:
1155:
1142:
1133:
1127:"Perovskite"
1108:
1105:"Perovskite"
1087:
1078:
1043:
1039:
1029:
977:
949:
916:orthorhombic
911:
898:, colorless
890:
877:
870:
863:
861:
748:
724:
715:
705:
696:
641:brown dwarfs
634:
616:
589:
583:
564:
552:carbonatites
489:
458:
433:Lev Perovski
418:
363:composed of
315:
314:
288:
281:
274:
155:135.96 g/mol
151:Formula mass
138:
112:Orthorhombic
3988:Perovskites
2675:·20TiO
2667:NiO·Sb
2140:Lorenzenite
2130:Grossmanite
2125:Aenigmatite
2098:Zirconolite
2093:Zimbabweite
2063:Haggertyite
2043:Armalcolite
990:materials.
912:pseudocubic
885:ionic radii
709:space group
649:photosphere
621:Kaiserstuhl
548:kimberlites
533:Switzerland
502:Magnet Cove
477:paragenesis
429:Gustav Rose
264:Biaxial (+)
242:Diaphaneity
134:Space group
3957:Categories
3305:Pnictogens
3231:Chalcogens
3016:Pb(Zr,Ti)O
2186:Warwickite
2135:Keilhauite
2083:Perovskite
2078:Latrappite
2073:Keilhauite
2017:Geikielite
1947:Perovskite
1667:1805.08250
1356:: 953–969.
1109:Webmineral
1021:References
617:dysanalyte
586:rare-earth
473:foidolites
471:rocks and
469:ultramafic
455:Occurrence
316:Perovskite
307:References
209:Mohs scale
203:Conchoidal
126:H-M symbol
87:IMA symbol
33:Perovskite
2619:Ti(OCH(CH
2176:Sabinaite
2103:Zirkelite
2088:Polycrase
1908:236391984
1873:234172920
1787:214470882
1593:0108-7681
1542:0004-637X
1485:0004-637X
1070:235729616
952:A'A"B'B"O
931:strontium
603:and near
550:and rare
510:limestone
495:carbonate
256:3.98–4.26
3634:Organics
2155:Titanite
2145:Melanite
2068:Ilmenite
2053:Euxenite
2048:Betafite
2012:Brookite
1865:34927847
1746:97682597
1704:29735683
1635:11710238
1493:14944231
1285:33792511
1242:29123058
994:See also
904:cleavage
893:metallic
883:are the
672:L-dwarfs
653:spectrum
579:Cameroon
518:chlorite
506:Arkansas
485:anhedral
481:feldspar
443:data on
287:= 2.34,
212:hardness
199:Fracture
189:Cleavage
179:Twinning
57:Category
3150:Ca(ClO)
2860:EuBaTiO
2007:Anatase
1695:6003477
1672:Bibcode
1573:Bibcode
1520:Bibcode
1465:Bibcode
1393:Bibcode
1328:4096136
1308:Bibcode
1265:Bibcode
1220:Bibcode
1212:Science
1048:Bibcode
647:in the
625:Germany
613:niobium
590:knopite
527:in the
492:contact
415:History
409:cations
280:= 2.3,
216:5.0–5.5
101:4.CC.30
68:Formula
52:General
3653:Ca(HCO
3602:Ca(MnO
3510:Ca(HCO
3486:Ca(CN)
3251:Ca(OH)
3190:Ca(BrO
3170:Ca(ClO
3158:Ca(ClO
2820:CaZrTi
2659:KTiOPO
2635:Ti(OCH
2535:Ti(NMe
2479:Ti(ClO
2022:Rutile
2000:Simple
1906:
1871:
1863:
1785:
1744:
1702:
1692:
1633:
1591:
1540:
1491:
1483:
1428:
1385:Lithos
1326:
1300:Nature
1283:
1240:
1189:
1162:
1068:
935:galena
900:streak
896:luster
862:where
609:Sweden
571:sphene
525:schist
498:skarns
461:mantle
425:Russia
294:= 2.38
232:Streak
222:Luster
3665:Ca(CH
3622:CaTiO
3614:CaCrO
3406:CaHPO
3344:Ca(NO
3332:Ca(NO
3210:Ca(IO
3032:ZnTiO
3024:SrTiO
3008:PbTiO
3000:NiTiO
2904:MnTiO
2868:FeTiO
2796:CaTiO
2760:BaTiO
2547:Ti(NO
2527:TiOSO
2462:TiS(S
2169:Other
2031:Mixed
1904:S2CID
1869:S2CID
1783:S2CID
1742:S2CID
1722:(PDF)
1662:arXiv
1611:(PDF)
1489:S2CID
1455:arXiv
1346:(PDF)
1324:S2CID
1281:S2CID
1152:(PDF)
1130:(PDF)
1066:S2CID
920:CaTiO
699:CaTiO
688:CaTiO
657:CaTiO
637:stars
573:. In
537:mafic
529:Urals
516:, in
479:with
402:AB(X)
388:CaTiO
160:Color
77:CaTiO
3778:Ca(C
3758:Ca(C
3681:Ca(C
3563:CaAl
3527:CaSi
3522:CaSi
3502:CaCO
3494:CaCN
3455:(AsO
3446:CaAs
3414:Ca(H
3296:CaSe
3288:CaSO
3264:CaSO
3222:CaCl
3182:CaBr
3142:CaCl
2804:CaCu
2708:Ti(C
2699:TiSi
2691:TiSe
2603:(OCH
2579:Ti(C
2471:TiCl
2449:TiBr
2354:TiCl
2346:TiBr
2341:TiAl
2307:TiSi
2281:TiBr
2265:TiCl
1861:PMID
1700:PMID
1631:PMID
1589:ISSN
1538:ISSN
1481:ISSN
1426:ISBN
1238:PMID
1187:ISBN
1160:ISBN
876:and
706:Pbnm
639:and
611:. A
605:Alnö
531:and
522:talc
520:and
139:Pbnm
3939:CaO
3919:CaO
3903:CaO
3887:CaO
3871:CaO
3851:CaN
3819:CaC
3806:CaN
3749:CaO
3701:CaC
3641:CaC
3551:(BO
3539:SiO
3478:CaC
3394:(PO
3377:(PO
3368:CaP
3324:CaN
3272:CaH
3259:CaS
3243:CaO
3238:CaO
3202:CaI
3134:CaF
3126:CaH
2991:TiF
2977:TiF
2963:TiF
2949:TiF
2936:TiO
2934:0.5
2930:0.5
2896:TiO
2836:TiO
2772:TiO
2683:TiS
2571:TiO
2559:TiO
2519:TiI
2511:TiH
2503:TiF
2491:TiF
2457:TiC
2441:TiB
2383:TiP
2378:TiN
2370:TiI
2362:TiF
2302:TiS
2297:TiO
2289:TiI
2273:TiH
1896:doi
1853:doi
1824:hdl
1814:doi
1773:doi
1769:101
1734:doi
1690:PMC
1680:doi
1658:115
1623:doi
1619:101
1581:doi
1528:doi
1516:519
1473:doi
1451:556
1401:doi
1316:doi
1304:155
1273:doi
1228:doi
1216:358
1056:doi
727:ABO
635:In
500:at
447:by
427:by
423:of
386:as
91:Prv
3959::
3941:24
3933:40
3929:24
3917:70
3913:36
3905:19
3901:32
3897:18
3889:16
3885:26
3881:14
3873:14
3869:22
3865:12
3849:16
3845:10
3835:PO
3825:12
3821:10
3804:11
3800:10
3770:S)
3721:(C
3717:Ca
3669:CO
3579:Al
3575:Ca
3547:Ca
3535:Ca
3451:Ca
3430:Ca
3418:PO
3390:Ca
3373:Ca
3356:Ca
3312:Ca
2987:Rb
2973:Li
2945:Na
2932:Bi
2928:Na
2916:Ti
2912:Na
2892:Li
2880:Ti
2876:Ho
2848:Ti
2844:Dy
2832:Cs
2814:12
2808:Ti
2790:12
2784:Ti
2780:Bi
2768:Ba
2647:CH
2643:CH
2639:CH
2613:16
2607:CH
2599:Ti
2400:Ti
2388:Ti
1930:.
1902:.
1890:.
1867:.
1859:.
1847:.
1822:.
1812:.
1808:.
1804:.
1781:.
1767:.
1763:.
1740:.
1730:93
1728:.
1724:.
1698:.
1688:.
1678:.
1670:.
1656:.
1652:.
1629:.
1617:.
1613:.
1587:.
1579:.
1569:48
1567:.
1563:.
1536:.
1526:.
1514:.
1510:.
1487:.
1479:.
1471:.
1463:.
1449:.
1399:.
1389:26
1387:.
1362:^
1354:36
1352:.
1348:.
1322:.
1314:.
1302:.
1279:.
1271:.
1261:14
1259:.
1236:.
1226:.
1214:.
1210:.
1132:.
1117:^
1107:.
1096:^
1086:.
1064:.
1054:.
1044:85
1042:.
1038:.
980:BX
869:,
674:.
627:.
623:,
607:,
584:A
581:.
562:.
542:,
504:,
451:.
373:Ti
370:Ca
349:aɪ
3937:2
3935:B
3931:H
3927:C
3921:4
3915:H
3911:C
3899:H
3895:C
3883:H
3879:C
3867:H
3863:C
3857:8
3855:O
3853:2
3847:H
3843:C
3837:4
3833:5
3831:N
3829:4
3827:O
3823:H
3814:P
3812:8
3810:O
3808:4
3802:H
3798:C
3792:2
3790:)
3788:6
3786:O
3784:7
3782:H
3780:6
3772:2
3768:5
3766:O
3764:5
3762:H
3760:6
3753:P
3751:6
3747:7
3745:H
3743:3
3741:C
3735:2
3733:)
3731:7
3729:O
3727:5
3725:H
3723:6
3719:3
3711:4
3709:O
3707:2
3705:H
3703:4
3695:2
3693:)
3691:2
3689:O
3687:5
3685:H
3683:3
3675:2
3673:)
3671:2
3667:3
3659:2
3657:)
3655:2
3647:4
3645:O
3643:2
3624:3
3616:4
3608:2
3606:)
3604:4
3585:6
3583:O
3581:2
3577:3
3569:4
3567:O
3565:2
3557:2
3555:)
3553:3
3549:3
3541:4
3537:2
3529:2
3516:2
3514:)
3512:3
3504:3
3496:2
3488:2
3480:2
3461:2
3459:)
3457:4
3453:3
3440:7
3438:O
3436:2
3434:P
3432:2
3424:2
3422:)
3420:4
3416:2
3408:4
3400:2
3398:)
3396:4
3392:3
3385:O
3383:2
3381:)
3379:4
3375:4
3362:2
3360:P
3358:3
3350:2
3348:)
3346:3
3338:2
3336:)
3334:2
3326:6
3318:2
3316:N
3314:3
3290:4
3282:6
3280:O
3278:2
3276:S
3274:2
3266:3
3253:2
3245:2
3216:2
3214:)
3212:3
3204:2
3196:2
3194:)
3192:3
3184:2
3176:2
3174:)
3172:4
3164:2
3162:)
3160:3
3152:2
3144:2
3136:2
3128:2
3104:e
3097:t
3090:v
3034:3
3026:3
3018:3
3010:3
3002:3
2993:6
2989:2
2979:6
2975:2
2965:6
2961:2
2959:K
2951:6
2947:2
2938:3
2922:7
2920:O
2918:3
2914:2
2906:3
2898:3
2894:2
2886:7
2884:O
2882:2
2878:2
2870:3
2862:4
2854:7
2852:O
2850:2
2846:2
2838:3
2834:2
2826:7
2824:O
2822:2
2812:O
2810:4
2806:3
2798:3
2788:O
2786:3
2782:4
2774:4
2770:2
2762:3
2740:4
2735:)
2731:3
2726:O
2722:5
2717:H
2713:3
2701:2
2693:2
2685:2
2677:2
2673:3
2671:O
2669:2
2661:4
2653:4
2651:)
2649:3
2645:2
2641:2
2637:2
2629:4
2627:)
2625:2
2623:)
2621:3
2611:)
2609:3
2605:2
2601:4
2593:4
2591:)
2589:2
2587:O
2585:3
2583:H
2581:2
2573:4
2569:4
2567:H
2561:2
2553:4
2551:)
2549:3
2541:4
2539:)
2537:2
2529:4
2521:4
2513:4
2505:6
2501:2
2499:H
2493:4
2485:4
2483:)
2481:4
2473:4
2466:)
2464:2
2451:4
2443:2
2422:2
2406:3
2404:S
2402:2
2394:3
2392:O
2390:2
2372:3
2364:3
2356:3
2348:3
2309:2
2291:2
2283:2
2275:2
2267:2
2243:e
2236:t
2229:v
2192:)
2188:(
2182:)
2178:(
1976:e
1969:t
1962:v
1910:.
1898::
1892:9
1875:.
1855::
1849:5
1832:.
1826::
1816::
1810:2
1789:.
1775::
1748:.
1736::
1706:.
1682::
1674::
1664::
1637:.
1625::
1595:.
1583::
1575::
1561:"
1559:3
1544:.
1530::
1522::
1495:.
1475::
1467::
1457::
1434:.
1407:.
1403::
1395::
1330:.
1318::
1310::
1287:.
1275::
1267::
1244:.
1230::
1222::
1195:.
1168:.
1111:.
1090:.
1072:.
1058::
1050::
982:6
968:′
963:′
959:′
954:6
925:(
922:3
881:O
878:R
874:B
871:R
867:A
864:R
847:,
840:)
833:O
828:R
824:+
818:B
813:R
808:(
802:2
792:O
787:R
783:+
777:A
772:R
765:=
762:t
749:t
729:3
720:Å
716:a
701:3
690:3
664:K
659:3
596:3
404:3
390:3
379:3
376:O
355:/
352:t
346:k
343:s
340:v
337:ɒ
334:r
331:ˈ
328:ə
325:p
322:/
292:γ
289:n
285:β
282:n
278:α
275:n
79:3
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
