38:
236:. In 2017, SPE reported that the average SPE professional member reported earning US$ 194,649 (including salary and bonus). The average base pay reported in 2016 was $ 143,006. Base pay and other compensation was on average was highest in the United States where the base pay was US$ 174,283. Drilling and production engineers tended to make the best base pay, US$ 160,026 for drilling engineers and US$ 158,964 for production engineers. Average base pay ranged from US$ 96,382-174,283. There are still significant gender pay gaps, plus or minus 5% of the US average pay gap which was 18% difference in 2017.
3702:
2144:
2014:
2174:
2164:
2154:
247:
survey showed petroleum engineers as the highest paid 2010 graduates, at an average annual salary of $ 125,220. For individuals with experience, salaries can range from $ 170,000 to $ 260,000. They make an average of $ 112,000 a year and about $ 53.75 per hour. In a 2007 article, Forbes.com reported
210:
According to the United States
Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, petroleum engineers are required to have a bachelor's degree in engineering, generally a degree focused on petroleum engineering is preferred, but degrees in mechanical, chemical, and civil engineering are satisfactory
189:
Deep-water, arctic and desert conditions are usually contended with. High temperature and high pressure (HTHP) environments have become increasingly commonplace in operations and require the petroleum engineer to be savvy in topics as wide-ranging as thermo-hydraulics, geomechanics, and intelligent
228:
Petroleum engineering has historically been one of the highest-paid engineering disciplines, although there is a tendency for mass layoffs when oil prices decline and waves of hiring as prices rise. In 2020, the United States
Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the median pay
201:
for petroleum engineers and publishes much technical information and other resources to support the oil and gas industry. It provides free online education (webinars), mentoring, and access to SPE Connect, an exclusive platform for members to discuss technical issues, best practices, and other
110:
and petroleum engineers throughout the life of a hydrocarbon accumulation determine the way in which a reservoir is developed and depleted, and usually they have the highest impact on field economics. Petroleum engineering requires a good knowledge of many other related disciplines, such as
102:
focus on provision of a static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of this resource using a detailed understanding of the physical behavior of oil, water and gas within porous rock at very high pressure.
57:. This fault line is between the blue/green contour lines and the purple/red/yellow contour lines. The thin red circular contour line in the middle of the map indicates the top of the oil reservoir. Because gas floats above oil, the thin red contour line marks the gas/oil contact zone.
275:
A mud engineer (correctly called a
Drilling Fluids Engineer, but most often referred to as the "Mud Man") works on an oil well or gas well drilling rig, and is responsible ensuring the properties of the drilling fluid, also known as drilling mud, are within designed
390:, fixed cutter, and hybrid, each use teeth to break up the rock. To optimize drilling efficiency and cost, drilling engineers make use of drilling simulators that allow them to identify drilling conditions. Drilling technologies including horizontal drilling and
202:
topics. SPE members also are able to access the SPE Competency
Management Tool to find knowledge and skill strengths and opportunities for growth. SPE publishes peer-reviewed journals, books, and magazines. SPE members receive a complimentary subscription to the
206:
and discounts on SPE's other publications. SPE members also receive discounts on registration fees for SPE organized events and training courses. SPE provides scholarships and fellowships to undergraduate and graduate students.
377:
Well drilling technology is primarily the focus for drilling engineers. The two forms of well drilling are percussion and rotary drilling, rotary being the most common of the two. An important aspect of drilling is the
219:
maintains a list of the Best
Undergraduate Petroleum Engineering Programs. SPE and some private companies offer training courses. Some oil companies have considerable in-house petroleum engineering training classes.
178:. Since then, the profession has evolved to solve increasingly difficult situations. Improvements in computer modeling, materials and the application of statistics, probability analysis, and new technologies like
282:(also known as subsurface engineers) work to design and oversee the implementation of techniques aimed at ensuring wells are drilled stably and with the maximum opportunity for oil and gas production.
416:
171:
186:, have drastically improved the toolbox of the petroleum engineer in recent decades. Automation, sensors, and robots are being used to propel the industry to more efficiency and safety.
803:
41:
Example of a map used by reservoir engineers to determine where to drill a well. This screenshot is of a structure map generated by contour map software for an 8500 ft deep gas and
94:, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs.
2927:
342:
as applied to petroleum engineering uses statistical analysis to characterize reservoirs and create flow simulations that quantify uncertainties of the location of oil and gas.
962:
272:
288:
manage the interface between the reservoir and the well, including perforations, sand control, downhole flow control, and downhole monitoring equipment; evaluate
2823:
229:
for petroleum engineers was US$ 137,330, or roughly $ 66.02 per hour. The same summary projects there will be 3% job growth in this field from 2019 to 2029.
1307:
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2119:
37:
295:
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named petroleum engineering the top college major in terms of highest median annual wages of college-educated workers (age 25–59). The 2010
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1064:
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980:
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2060:
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1001:
2412:
1161:"Overview on vertical and directional drilling technologies for the exploration and exploitation of deep petroleum resources"
3135:
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work to optimize production of oil and gas via proper placement, production rates, and enhanced oil recovery techniques.
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17:
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780:"Online Training, Online Courses, Web-based Learning Management System - Learning Management Express(LMX) - NexLearn"
471:
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gather information about subsurface properties to build wellbore stability models and study rock properties
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methods; and select surface equipment that separates the produced fluids (oil, natural gas, and water).
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1400:
804:"Energy Pipeline: Noble Energy's outdoor training facility brings industry to community's fingertips"
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856:"Petroleum Engineers : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
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of approximately three and a half to thirty inches in diameter. The three classes of drill bits,
87:
81:
365:. The main focus of petroleum geology is the exploration and appraisal of reservoirs containing
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438:
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132:
939:"Highlights of women's earnings in 2017 : BLS Reports: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
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1984:
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Petroleum
Engineering, like most forms of engineering, requires a strong foundation in
159:
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1298:
Petroleum
Engineering - Best Petroleum Engineering Schools & Colleges, Jobs in USA
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690:"Petroleum Engineers: Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
472:"Petroleum Engineers: Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
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350:
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manage the technical aspects of drilling exploratory, production and injection wells.
95:
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1103:
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46:
1302:
1297:
1092:"Practical Geostatistics - An Armchair Overview for Petroleum Reservoir Engineers"
211:
as well. Petroleum engineering education is available at many universities in the
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1812:
1797:
1761:
732:"PEICE – Practical Professional Career Training for the Oil & Gas Industry"
1177:
1160:
1032:
Petroleum
Engineering Education - Challenges and Changes for the Next 20 Years
520:
323:, formation evaluation, fluid flow in porous media, well drilling technology,
248:
that petroleum engineering was the 24th best paying job in the United States.
162:. Subsequent development training has usually been done within oil companies.
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2881:
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42:
174:(AIME). The first Petroleum Engineering degree was conferred in 1915 by the
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3399:
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3275:
3255:
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1939:
362:
358:
116:
69:
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665:
146:
Recruitment to the industry has historically been from the disciplines of
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316:
77:
65:
50:
2013:
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354:
99:
54:
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3019:
3014:
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2188:
2045:
1562:
1211:
1040:
395:
379:
324:
312:
124:
107:
73:
1278:
Schlumberger
Oilfield Glossary: An Online Glossary of Oilfield Terms
3612:
3592:
3587:
3567:
3562:
3338:
3328:
3250:
3185:
2957:
2685:
2641:
2636:
2500:
2086:
2076:
1934:
666:"Professional Membership Benefits | Society of Petroleum Engineers"
638:
417:
American
Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers
383:
172:
American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers
120:
1203:
Drilling Optimization Using Drilling Data and Available Technology
910:"2017 SPE Membership Salary Survey Highlight Report-November 2017"
883:"Oil and Gas Pay | Salary Survey | Society of Petroleum Engineers"
731:
3280:
3270:
3150:
3145:
3060:
320:
308:
147:
539:"JPT Flow Sensor Technology Seeks to Replace the Coriolis Meter"
3597:
3484:
3469:
3459:
3419:
3333:
756:"PetroSkills Oil and Gas Training | World's Petroleum Training"
714:"Best Undergraduate Petroleum Engineering Programs (Doctorate)"
215:
and throughout the world - primarily in oil producing regions.
1317:
1200:
Boonyapaluk, P.; Hareland, G.; Rampersad, P. R. (1994-01-01).
824:"Oil and Gas Training & Career Development | Schlumberger"
755:
49:, Erath, Louisiana. The left-to-right gap near the top of the
3379:
3353:
3323:
3285:
3225:
3220:
3215:
1199:
1165:
Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources
563:"JPT Competing Companies Building Robots to Place Receivers"
3607:
3547:
3300:
2778:
394:
have been developed to obtain hydrocarbons profitably from
80:. Exploration and production are deemed to fall within the
68:
concerned with the activities related to the production of
319:. Other fields pertinent to petroleum engineering include
256:
Petroleum engineers divide themselves into several types:
3439:
3305:
3078:
1132:
Selley, Richard C.; Sonnenberg, Stephen A. (2014-11-08).
3068:
1282:
587:"JPT Robot Removes Operators From Extreme Environments"
1090:
Chambers, Richard L.; Yarus, Jeffrey M. (2006-11-01).
963:"Top 10 College Majors That Earn the Highest Salaries"
1272:
1069:. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012-12-06.
877:
875:
3669:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
1159:Ma, Tianshou; Chen, Ping; Zhao, Jian (2016-12-01).
639:"Publications | The Society of Petroleum Engineers"
872:
223:
3718:
1131:
170:The profession got its start in 1914 within the
1066:Petroleum Engineering: Principles and Practice
1029:Cunha, Luciane B.; Cunha, J. C. (2004-01-01).
660:
658:
245:National Association of Colleges and Employers
2204:
1333:
1308:Career Opportunities in Petroleum Engineering
1089:
405:
655:
466:
464:
372:
2211:
2197:
1340:
1326:
1158:
1028:
353:is an interdisciplinary field composed of
334:
1283:Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers
1176:
1313:oil and gas online certification courses
461:
36:
30:For petroleum refinery engineering, see
3131:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
1293:What is Forensic Petroleum Engineering?
1238:
1002:"America's Best- And Worst-Paying Jobs"
682:
14:
3719:
3005:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
2764:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
2218:
2120:Electrical and electronics engineering
2192:
1321:
1127:
1125:
1024:
1022:
904:
902:
850:
848:
3136:China National Petroleum Corporation
2153:
449:SPE Certified Petroleum Professional
345:
86:sector of the oil and gas industry.
27:Extracting crude oil and natural gas
2163:
24:
3196:National Iranian South Oil Company
2912:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
1273:The Society of Petroleum Engineers
1206:. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
1122:
1035:. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
1019:
899:
845:
251:
25:
3743:
3664:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
3553:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
3206:Oil & Gas Development Company
1266:
369:via technical forms of analysis.
3701:
3700:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2012:
141:petroleum production engineering
3211:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
1347:
1232:
1193:
1152:
1096:Journal of Petroleum Technology
1083:
1057:
994:
973:
955:
931:
816:
796:
772:
748:
724:
706:
525:Journal of Petroleum Technology
204:Journal of Petroleum Technology
111:geophysics, petroleum geology,
3679:Society of Petroleum Engineers
3450:Port Harcourt Refining Company
3116:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
1249:Society of Petroleum Engineers
1241:Petroleum Engineering Handbook
917:Society of Petroleum Engineers
631:
618:Society of Petroleum Engineers
603:
579:
555:
531:
513:
488:
444:Society of Petroleum Engineers
412:Society of Petroleum Engineers
224:Petroleum engineering salaries
195:Society of Petroleum Engineers
13:
1:
2625:Production sharing agreements
1288:Petroleum Engineering Schools
1135:Elements of Petroleum Geology
454:
3659:Canadian petroleum companies
3654:American Petroleum Institute
3191:National Iranian Oil Company
3176:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
1370:List of engineering branches
1303:About Petroleum Engineering
967:U.S. News & World Report
718:U.S. News & World Report
302:
241:U.S. News & World Report
217:U.S. News & World Report
7:
3674:International Energy Agency
2659:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
1239:Bradley, Howard B. (1987).
611:"SPE Member Resource Guide"
422:
165:
10:
3748:
3261:PTT Public Company Limited
2862:East Midlands Oil Province
2847:List of natural gas fields
2447:Integrated asset modelling
29:
3696:
3646:
3633:Weatherford International
3512:
3362:
3314:
3166:Iraq National Oil Company
3102:
3059:
3044:
3035:
2920:
2837:
2719:
2605:
2499:
2427:
2370:
2329:
2322:
2244:
2226:
2138:
2085:
2069:
2021:
2010:
1785:
1727:
1646:
1571:
1498:
1391:
1378:
1355:
1178:10.1007/s40948-016-0038-y
784:www.oilandgastraining.com
406:Professional associations
139:systems, completions and
373:Well Drilling Technology
273:Drilling fluid engineers
232:SPE annually conducts a
176:University of Pittsburgh
106:The combined efforts of
3732:Engineering disciplines
3684:World Petroleum Council
3558:China Oilfield Services
2615:Petroleum fiscal regime
2314:Western Canadian Select
2309:West Texas Intermediate
2031:Bachelor of Engineering
1873:Engineering mathematics
496:"Petroleum Engineering"
335:Petroleum Geostatistics
3161:Indian Oil Corporation
2647:Submersible pump (ESP)
2592:Underbalanced drilling
2413:of gasoline and diesel
2130:Structural engineering
2125:Mechanical engineering
1868:Engineering management
152:mechanical engineering
72:, which can be either
58:
3727:Petroleum engineering
3538:Cameron International
2980:Petrodollar recycling
2963:fossil fuel phase-out
2526:Differential sticking
2479:Reflection seismology
2452:Petroleum engineering
2294:OPEC Reference Basket
2110:Aerospace engineering
2023:Engineering education
521:"Drilling Automation"
439:Seismic to simulation
197:(SPE) is the largest
184:enhanced oil recovery
133:reservoir engineering
62:Petroleum engineering
40:
3435:Occidental Petroleum
2749:1990 oil price shock
2575:Shale oil extraction
2548:Drilling engineering
2531:Directional drilling
2457:Reservoir simulation
2051:Graduate certificate
527:. December 14, 2017.
392:directional drilling
286:Production engineers
280:Completion engineers
199:professional society
156:chemical engineering
135:, well engineering,
129:reservoir simulation
113:formation evaluation
45:in the Earth field,
3583:Naftiran Intertrade
3528:Amec Foster Wheeler
3455:Reliance Industries
3344:Naftiran Intertrade
3156:Hindustan Petroleum
2754:2000s energy crisis
2036:Bachelor of Science
1878:Engineering physics
1862:Engineering drawing
1384:Interdisciplinarity
969:. February 6, 2018.
760:www.petroskills.com
720:. February 6, 2018.
261:Reservoir engineers
180:horizontal drilling
32:Process engineering
3430:Marathon Petroleum
2852:List of oil fields
2462:Reservoir modeling
2220:Petroleum industry
1638:Telecommunications
1543:Naval architecture
1138:. Academic Press.
1108:10.2118/103357-JPT
429:Petroleum industry
382:, which creates a
267:Drilling engineers
160:mining engineering
59:
18:Petroleum engineer
3714:
3713:
3692:
3691:
3578:Nabors Industries
3508:
3507:
2706:Well intervention
2681:Petroleum product
2580:Ljungström method
2484:Seismic inversion
2469:Petroleum geology
2423:
2422:
2186:
2185:
2115:Civil engineering
2061:Licensed engineer
2056:Engineer's degree
2008:
2007:
1840:Building services
1823:Health technology
1684:Chemical reaction
1633:Signal processing
1245:Richardson, Texas
919:. January 3, 2018
434:Petroleum geology
351:Petroleum geology
346:Petroleum Geology
96:Petroleum geology
16:(Redirected from
3739:
3704:
3703:
3405:Hess Corporation
3126:Bharat Petroleum
3057:
3056:
3042:
3041:
2729:1967 Oil Embargo
2565:Lost circulation
2403:Posted oil price
2327:
2326:
2284:Isthmus-34 Light
2213:
2206:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2176:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2016:
1603:Electromechanics
1389:
1388:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1262:
1226:
1225:
1212:10.2118/27034-MS
1197:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1041:10.2118/90556-MS
1026:
1017:
1016:
1014:
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998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
977:
971:
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935:
929:
928:
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914:
906:
897:
896:
894:
893:
879:
870:
869:
867:
866:
852:
843:
842:
840:
839:
830:. Archived from
820:
814:
813:
811:
810:
800:
794:
793:
791:
790:
776:
770:
769:
767:
766:
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746:
745:
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742:
728:
722:
721:
710:
704:
703:
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686:
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677:
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662:
653:
652:
650:
649:
635:
629:
628:
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624:
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607:
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600:
598:
597:
583:
577:
576:
574:
573:
559:
553:
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550:
549:
535:
529:
528:
517:
511:
510:
508:
506:
492:
486:
485:
483:
482:
468:
400:coal-bed methane
92:earth scientists
47:Vermilion Parish
21:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3717:
3716:
3715:
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3638:John Wood Group
3628:Valaris Limited
3521:
3518:
3515:
3504:
3370:APA Corporation
3358:
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3098:
3053:
3050:
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3037:
3031:
2932:Classification
2916:
2839:
2833:
2769:Nationalization
2739:1979 oil crisis
2734:1973 oil crisis
2715:
2701:Water injection
2669:Steam injection
2664:Gas reinjection
2632:Artificial lift
2601:
2543:Drill stem test
2495:
2419:
2366:
2318:
2240:
2222:
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2134:
2081:
2065:
2041:Master's degree
2017:
2004:
1918:Instrumentation
1781:
1723:
1689:Electrochemical
1642:
1628:Radio frequency
1567:
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1458:Municipal/Urban
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290:artificial lift
276:specifications.
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3500:Valero Energy
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2948:Oil shale gas
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3390:Devon Energy
3276:Saudi Aramco
3256:Petrovietnam
3201:NNPC Limited
3105:National oil
2985:Petrofiction
2953:Orphan wells
2921:Other topics
2892:Persian Gulf
2819:Saudi Arabia
2789:Standard Oil
2597:Well logging
2474:Petrophysics
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2094:Engineering
1940:Mechatronics
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3445:Phillips 66
3266:QatarEnergy
3236:Petrobangla
3171:KazMunayGas
3061:Supermajors
3010:heavy crude
2897:Prudhoe Bay
2877:Niger Delta
2857:Caspian Sea
2620:Concessions
2570:Measurement
2536:Geosteering
2519:Squeeze job
2429:Exploration
2378:Consumption
2337:Consumption
2330:Natural gas
2259:Bonny Light
2168:Wikiproject
1923:and Control
1913:Information
1737:Biomaterial
1667:Bioresource
1658:/Bioprocess
1656:Biochemical
1608:Electronics
1379:Specialties
1349:Engineering
943:www.bls.gov
887:www.spe.org
860:www.bls.gov
828:www.slb.com
694:www.bls.gov
670:www.spe.org
643:www.spe.org
591:www.spe.org
567:www.spe.org
543:www.spe.org
476:www.bls.gov
396:impermeable
388:roller cone
317:mathematics
88:Exploration
78:natural gas
66:engineering
51:contour map
3721:Categories
3623:Transocean
3490:Tullow Oil
3480:TechnipFMC
3246:PetroChina
3084:ExxonMobil
2990:Shale band
2867:East Texas
2840:and fields
2654:Downstream
2607:Production
2514:Completion
2442:Geophysics
2383:Production
2342:Production
2279:Indonesian
2254:Argus Sour
2246:Benchmarks
2087:Glossaries
1908:Industrial
1888:Facilities
1883:Explosives
1808:Biomedical
1803:Automation
1752:Metallurgy
1662:Biological
1613:Microwaves
1573:Electrical
1518:Automotive
1500:Mechanical
1473:Structural
1438:Geological
1426:Ecological
1416:Earthquake
1012:2011-12-18
987:2011-12-18
948:2021-04-28
923:January 3,
892:2017-12-14
865:2021-04-28
838:2017-12-14
809:2017-12-14
789:2017-12-14
765:2017-12-14
741:2017-12-14
699:2018-02-06
675:2017-12-14
648:2017-12-14
596:2017-12-14
572:2017-12-14
548:2017-12-14
505:3 February
500:Britannica
481:2018-02-06
455:References
355:geophysics
108:geologists
100:geophysics
55:fault line
3618:TC Energy
3519:companies
3349:Trafigura
3296:Sonatrach
3241:Petrobras
3231:Pertamina
3141:Ecopetrol
3107:companies
3051:companies
3049:petroleum
3025:tight oil
3020:oil shale
3015:oil sands
2995:Shale gas
2936:sweet oil
2907:Venezuela
2882:North Sea
2838:Provinces
2829:Venezuela
2676:Midstream
2371:Petroleum
2231:Petroleum
2046:Doctorate
1960:Packaging
1930:Logistics
1903:Geomatics
1864:/graphics
1757:Molecular
1747:Corrosion
1729:Materials
1709:Petroleum
1699:Molecular
1581:Broadcast
1563:Tribology
1513:Aerospace
1448:Hydraulic
1187:2363-8427
1116:0149-2136
380:drill bit
325:economics
313:chemistry
303:Education
190:systems.
125:economics
74:crude oil
3706:Category
3613:Subsea 7
3593:Petrofac
3588:NOV Inc.
3568:GE Power
3563:Enbridge
3517:services
3339:Mercuria
3329:Glencore
3291:Sonangol
3251:Petronas
3186:Naftogaz
2958:Peak oil
2941:sour oil
2696:Upstream
2691:Refining
2686:Pipeline
2642:Pumpjack
2637:Gas lift
2558:invasion
2501:Drilling
2388:Reserves
2347:Reserves
2148:Category
2077:Engineer
1985:Software
1980:Security
1955:Ontology
1945:Military
1935:Robotics
1898:Forensic
1818:Clinical
1777:Surfaces
1767:Polymers
1742:Ceramics
1719:Reaction
1648:Chemical
1586:Computer
1508:Acoustic
1463:Offshore
1431:Sanitary
423:See also
384:borehole
166:Overview
121:drilling
83:upstream
3281:Sinopec
3271:Rosneft
3151:Gazprom
3146:Equinor
3074:Chevron
2721:History
2587:Tracers
2509:Blowout
2398:Exports
2393:Imports
2357:Exports
2352:Imports
2158:Commons
2000:Textile
1995:Systems
1965:Privacy
1950:Nuclear
1714:Process
1672:Genetic
1618:Optical
1598:Control
1591:outline
1558:Thermal
1548:Railway
1488:Railway
1483:Traffic
1406:Coastal
1365:Outline
1360:History
331:, etc.
321:geology
309:physics
148:physics
3647:Others
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3495:Tüpraş
3485:TNK-BP
3470:Sunoco
3460:Repsol
3420:Lukoil
3363:Others
3334:Gunvor
2968:timing
2902:Russia
2814:Norway
2799:France
2794:Canada
2178:Portal
1975:Survey
1970:Safety
1857:Design
1677:Tissue
1553:Sports
1538:Marine
1528:Energy
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315:, and
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3324:Enron
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3226:Pemex
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3181:Lotos
3121:ANCAP
3089:Shell
3046:Major
2804:India
2408:Price
2362:Price
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2299:Tapis
2269:Dubai
2264:Brent
1798:Audio
1786:Other
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1393:Civil
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614:(PDF)
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2323:Data
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1694:Food
1253:ISBN
1216:ISBN
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1140:ISBN
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