912:
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techniques and revealed tissue-specific core endomicrobiomes. A 2020 study identified a habitat-specific and relatively abundant core microbiome in the manuka phyllosphere, which was persistent across all samples. In contrast, non-core phyllosphere microorganisms exhibited significant variation across individual host trees and populations that was strongly driven by environmental and spatial factors. The results demonstrated the existence of a dominant and ubiquitous core microbiome in the phyllosphere of manuka.
22:
661:
110:
793:
1496:
1486:
1186:
807:
729:. Microbial colonizers are subjected to diurnal and seasonal fluctuations of heat, moisture, and radiation. In addition, these environmental elements affect plant physiology (such as photosynthesis, respiration, water uptake etc.) and indirectly influence microbiome composition. Rain and wind also cause temporal variation to the phyllosphere microbiome.
950:(MGO) in mature honey. However, the concentration of DHA in the nectar of manuka flowers is notoriously variable, and the antimicrobial efficacy of manuka honey consequently varies from region to region and from year to year. Despite extensive research efforts, no reliable correlation has been identified between DHA production and climatic,
865:
825:
touch. This is a parallel to how an individual bacterium perceives a leaf. There is no ability to perceive anything beyond its most immediate surroundings. Bacteria need water for movement and they perceive only "signals, such as sugars, amino acids or volatiles, diffusing to their occupied site". This
2546:
Lundberg, Derek S.; Lebeis, Sarah L.; Paredes, Sur
Herrera; Yourstone, Scott; Gehring, Jase; Malfatti, Stephanie; Tremblay, Julien; Engelbrektson, Anna; Kunin, Victor; Rio, Tijana Glavina del; Edgar, Robert C.; Eickhorst, Thilo; Ley, Ruth E.; Hugenholtz, Philip; Tringe, Susannah Green; Dangl, Jeffery
2348:
Vokou, Despoina; Vareli, Katerina; Zarali, Ekaterini; Karamanoli, Katerina; Constantinidou, Helen-Isis A.; Monokrousos, Nikolaos; Halley, John M.; Sainis, Ioannis (2012). "Exploring
Biodiversity in the Bacterial Community of the Mediterranean Phyllosphere and its Relationship with Airborne Bacteria".
1664:
Vokou, Despoina; Vareli, Katerina; Zarali, Ekaterini; Karamanoli, Katerina; Constantinidou, Helen-Isis A.; Monokrousos, Nikolaos; Halley, John M.; Sainis, Ioannis (2012). "Exploring
Biodiversity in the Bacterial Community of the Mediterranean Phyllosphere and its Relationship with Airborne Bacteria".
778:
Conversely, microbiomes of the surrounding environment have also been reported to be the primary determinant of phyllosphere community composition. As a result, the processes that drive phyllosphere community assembly are not well understood but unlikely to be universal across plant species. However,
975:
Microorganisms have been studied in the manuka rhizosphere and endosphere. Earlier studies primarily focussed on fungi, and a 2016 study provided the first investigation of endophytic bacterial communities from three geographically and environmentally distinct manuka populations using fingerprinting
883:
as those persistent across broad geographic distances within tissue- and species-specific host microbiomes, represents the most biologically and ecologically appropriate application of this conceptual framework. Tissue- and species-specific core microbiomes across host populations separated by broad
824:
is about 5000 sq km (2000 sq mi). Compared to the size of a human, this is about the same relative area as a typical leaf compared to the size of a bacterium. Imagine a human somewhere on
Trinidad without legs to move, and neither eyes to see nor ears to hear, retaining only the ability to smell and
860:
The search for a core microbiome in host-associated microbial communities is a useful first step in trying to understand the interactions that may be occurring between a host and its microbiome. The prevailing core microbiome concept is built on the notion that the persistence of a taxon across the
835:
Overall, there remains high species richness in phyllosphere communities. Fungal communities are highly variable in the phyllosphere of temperate regions and are more diverse than in tropical regions. There can be up to 107 microbes per square centimetre present on the leaf surfaces of plants, and
3080:
Williams, Simon; King, Jessica; Revell, Maria; Manley-Harris, Merilyn; Balks, Megan; Janusch, Franziska; Kiefer, Michael; Clearwater, Michael; Brooks, Peter; Dawson, Murray (2014). "Regional, Annual, and
Individual Variations in the Dihydroxyacetone Content of the Nectar of Ma̅nuka (Leptospermum
751:
health, function, and evolution. Interactions between the host plant and phyllosphere bacteria have the potential to drive various aspects of host plant physiology. However, as of 2020 knowledge of these bacterial associations in the phyllosphere remains relatively modest, and there is a need to
923:
is a flowering scrub. The chart shows an abundance-occupancy distribution identifying core phyllosphere taxa in non-rarefied (green) and rarefied (purple) datasets. Each point represents a taxon plotted by its mean logarithmic relative abundance and occupancy. Taxa (pink) with an occupancy of 1
878:
Divergent definitions of “core microbiome” have arisen across scientific literature with researchers variably identifying “core taxa” as those persistent across distinct host microhabitats and even different species. Given the functional divergence of microorganisms across different host
2436:
Berg, Gabriele; Rybakova, Daria; Fischer, Doreen; Cernava, Tomislav; Vergès, Marie-Christine
Champomier; Charles, Trevor; Chen, Xiaoyulong; Cocolin, Luca; Eversole, Kellye; Corral, Gema Herrero; Kazou, Maria; Kinkel, Linda; Lange, Lene; Lima, Nelson; Loy, Alexander; MacKlin, James A.; Maguin,
774:
selection). However, although the leaf surface is generally considered a discrete microbial habitat, there is no consensus on the dominant driver of community assembly across phyllosphere microbiomes. For example, host-specific bacterial communities have been reported in the phyllosphere of
839:
Phyllosphere microbes from different plants appear to be somewhat similar at high levels of taxa, but at the lower levels taxa there remain significant differences. This indicates microorganisms may need finely tuned metabolic adjustment to survive in phyllosphere environment.
2488:
Turnbaugh, Peter J.; Hamady, Micah; Yatsunenko, Tanya; Cantarel, Brandi L.; Duncan, Alexis; Ley, Ruth E.; Sogin, Mitchell L.; Jones, William J.; Roe, Bruce A.; Affourtit, Jason P.; Egholm, Michael; Henrissat, Bernard; Heath, Andrew C.; Knight, Rob; Gordon, Jeffrey I. (2009).
861:
spatiotemporal boundaries of an ecological niche is directly reflective of its functional importance within the niche it occupies; it therefore provides a framework for identifying functionally critical microorganisms that consistently associate with a host species.
3324:
Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi; Sansom, Catherine E.; Eirian Jones, E.; Perry, Nigel B.; Monk, Jana; Ridgway, Hayley J. (2018). "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with
Leptospermum scoparium (Manuka): Effects on plant growth and essential oil content".
2437:
Emmanuelle; Mauchline, Tim; McClure, Ryan; Mitter, Birgit; Ryan, Matthew; Sarand, Inga; Smidt, Hauke; Schelkle, Bettina; Roume, Hugo; Kiran, G. Seghal; Selvin, Joseph; Souza, Rafael Soares Correa de; Van
Overbeek, Leo; et al. (2020).
852:
also predominant in phyllospheres. Although there are similarities between the rhizosphere and soil microbial communities, very little similarity has been found between phyllosphere communities and microorganisms floating in open air
1764:
Zarraonaindia, Iratxe; Owens, Sarah M.; Weisenhorn, Pamela; West, Kristin; Hampton-Marcell, Jarrad; Lax, Simon; Bokulich, Nicholas A.; Mills, David A.; Martin, Gilles; Taghavi, Safiyh; Van Der Lelie, Daniel; Gilbert, Jack A. (2015).
1062:
Cid, Fernanda P.; Maruyama, Fumito; Murase, Kazunori; Graether, Steffen P.; Larama, Giovanni; Bravo, Leon A.; Jorquera, Milko A. (2018). "Draft genome sequences of bacteria isolated from the
Deschampsia antarctica phyllosphere".
779:
the existing evidence does indicate that phyllosphere microbiomes exhibiting host-specific associations are more likely to interact with the host than those primarily recruited from the surrounding environment.
3165:
942:
of manuka flowers, is known for its non-peroxide antibacterial properties. These non-peroxide antibacterial properties have been principally linked to the accumulation of the three-carbon sugar
2895:
Rabie, Erika; Serem, June
Cheptoo; Oberholzer, Hester Magdalena; Gaspar, Anabella Regina Marques; Bester, Megan Jean (2016). "How methylglyoxal kills bacteria: An ultrastructural study".
1569:
Stone, Bram W. G.; Jackson, Colin R. (2016). "Biogeographic Patterns Between Bacterial Phyllosphere Communities of the Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) in a Small Forest".
1236:
Friesen, Maren L.; Porter, Stephanie S.; Stark, Scott C.; von Wettberg, Eric J.; Sachs, Joel L.; Martinez-Romero, Esperanza (2011). "Microbially Mediated Plant Functional Traits".
1271:"The Arabidopsis leaf transcriptome reveals distinct but also overlapping responses to colonization by phyllosphere commensals and pathogen infection with impact on plant health"
1171:
Dastogeer, K.M., Tumpa, F.H., Sultana, A., Akter, M.A. and Chakraborty, A. (2020) "Plant microbiome–an account of the factors that shape community composition and diversity".
685:
3129:
Noe, Stevie; Manley-Harris, Merilyn; Clearwater, Michael J. (2019). "Floral nectar of wild manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) varies more among plants than among sites".
836:
the bacterial population of the phyllosphere on a global scale is estimated to be 10 cells. The population size of the fungal phyllosphere is likely to be smaller.
2987:
Atrott, Julia; Haberlau, Steffi; Henle, Thomas (2012). "Studies on the formation of methylglyoxal from dihydroxyacetone in Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey".
2623:
Hamonts, Kelly; Trivedi, Pankaj; Garg, Anshu; Janitz, Caroline; Grinyer, Jasmine; Holford, Paul; Botha, Frederik C.; Anderson, Ian C.; Singh, Brajesh K. (2018).
736:(above-ground) surface of a plant, and as such includes the surface of the stem, flowers and fruit, but most particularly the leaf surfaces. Compared with the
3062:
Hamilton, G., Millner, J., Robertson, A. and Stephens, J. (2013) "Assessment of manuka provenances for production of high 'unique manuka factor' honey".
3024:"Identification and quantification of methylglyoxal as the dominant antibacterial constituent of Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)honeys from New Zealand"
57:(fruits). The below-ground microbial habitats (i.e. the thin-volume of soil surrounding root or subterranean stem surfaces) are referred to as the
2723:
Leff, Jonathan W.; Del Tredici, Peter; Friedman, William E.; Fierer, Noah (2015). "Spatial structuring of bacterial communities within individual
2607:
1865:"Distance-Decay Relationships Partially Determine Diversity Patterns of Phyllosphere Bacteria on Tamrix Trees across the Sonoran Desert"
1984:"Protection of Arabidopsis thaliana against Leaf-Pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae by Sphingomonas Strains in a Controlled Model System"
911:
3205:"Influence of genotype, floral stage, and water stress on floral nectar yield and composition of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)"
2136:"Geographical Location Determines the Population Structure in Phyllosphere Microbial Communities of a Salt-Excreting Desert Tree"
1816:"Geographical Location Determines the Population Structure in Phyllosphere Microbial Communities of a Salt-Excreting Desert Tree"
1323:"Draft Genome Sequence of Plant Growth-Promoting and Drought-Tolerant Bacillus altitudinis FD48, Isolated from Rice Phylloplane"
884:
geographical distances have not been widely reported for the phyllosphere using the stringent definition established by Ruinen.
969:(OTUs) in the manuka phyllosphere and associated soil communities differed significantly. No core soil microbiome was detected.
1109:
Leveau, Johan HJ (2019). "A brief from the leaf: Latest research to inform our understanding of the phyllosphere microbiome".
3366:"The Bacterial Signature of Leptospermum scoparium (Manuka) Reveals Core and Accessory Communities with Bioactive Properties"
1220:
692:
292:
1863:
Finkel, Omri M.; Burch, Adrien Y.; Elad, Tal; Huse, Susan M.; Lindow, Steven E.; Post, Anton F.; Belkin, Shimshon (2012).
971:(B) The chart on the right shows how OTUs in phyllosphere and associated soil communities differed in relative abundances.
1617:"The ecology of the phyllosphere: Geographic and phylogenetic variability in the distribution of bacteria on tree leaves"
902:
398:
3166:"Soil influences on plant growth, floral density and nectar yield in three cultivars of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)"
747:
Interactions between plants and their associated microorganisms in many of these microbiomes can play pivotal roles in
3164:
Nickless, Elizabeth M.; Anderson, Christopher W. N.; Hamilton, Georgie; Stephens, Jonathan M.; Wargent, Jason (2017).
393:
25:
The plant aerial surface, mostly occupied by leaves, is inhabited by diverse microorganisms, forming the phyllosphere
1203:
Lindow, Steven E. (1996). "Role of Immigration and Other Processes in Determining Epiphytic Bacterial Populations".
297:
2674:"Enterobacteriaceae dominate the core microbiome and contribute to the resistome of arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.)"
2082:
Compant, Stéphane; Cambon, Marine C.; Vacher, Corinne; Mitter, Birgit; Samad, Abdul; Sessitsch, Angela (2020).
478:
2952:; Molan, Peter C. (2009). "The origin of methylglyoxal in New Zealand manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey".
1917:"Relationships between phyllosphere bacterial communities and plant functional traits in a neotropical forest"
1436:"A core phyllosphere microbiome exists across distant populations of a tree species indigenous to New Zealand"
2672:
Cernava, Tomislav; Erlacher, Armin; Soh, Jung; Sensen, Christoph W.; Grube, Martin; Berg, Gabriele (2019).
577:
3429:
231:
957:
966:
204:
1715:"Host species identity, site and time drive temperate tree phyllosphere bacterial community structure"
1915:
Kembel, S. W.; O'Connor, T. K.; Arnold, H. K.; Hubbell, S. P.; Wright, S. J.; Green, J. L. (2014).
644:
639:
347:
2848:"The sensitivity to honey of Gram-positive cocci of clinical significance isolated from wounds"
2134:
Finkel, Omri M.; Burch, Adrien Y.; Lindow, Steven E.; Post, Anton F.; Belkin, Shimshon (2011).
1814:
Finkel, Omri M.; Burch, Adrien Y.; Lindow, Steven E.; Post, Anton F.; Belkin, Shimshon (2011).
924:(i.e., detected in all 89 phyllosphere samples) were considered members of the core microbiome.
572:
2033:"Adaptive matching between phyllosphere bacteria and their tree hosts in a neotropical forest"
1270:
2949:
760:
582:
383:
226:
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Stephens, J.M.C. (2006) "The factors responsible for the varying levels of UMF® in manuka (
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8:
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2299:"Bacterial Communities Associated with the Leaves and the Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana"
1932:
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Redford, Amanda J.; Bowers, Robert M.; Knight, Rob; Linhart, Yan; Fierer, Noah (2010).
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Kumaravel, Sowmya; Thankappan, Sugitha; Raghupathi, Sridar; Uthandi, Sivakumar (2018).
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2625:"Field study reveals core plant microbiota and relative importance of their drivers"
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Clearwater, Michael J.; Revell, Maria; Noe, Stevie; Manley-Harris, Merilyn (2018).
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946:(DHA) in the nectar of the manuka flower, which undergoes a chemical conversion to
943:
771:
767:
512:
457:
431:
322:
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119:
3301:
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3181:
3142:
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2823:
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1968:
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Johnston, Peter R. (1998). "Leaf endophytes of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)".
3000:
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Ruinen, J. (1956) "Occurrence of Beijerinckia species in the 'phyllosphere'".
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The assembly of the phyllosphere microbiome, which can be strictly defined as
733:
3423:
2608:
When plants and their microbes are not in sync, the results can be disastrous
2603:
2294:
2109:
1434:
Noble, Anya S.; Noe, Stevie; Clearwater, Michael J.; Lee, Charles K. (2020).
1338:
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864:
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372:
337:
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2624:
2100:
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1941:
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Last, F.T. (1955). "Seasonal incidence of Sporobolomyces on cereal leaves".
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2017:
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Laforest-Lapointe, Isabelle; Messier, Christian; Kembel, Steven W. (2016).
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co-occurring plant species, suggesting a dominant role of host selection.
604:
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473:
161:
30:
21:
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determines the experience of the individual bacterium and how it responds.
37:
is the total above-ground surface of a plant when viewed as a habitat for
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1999:
1880:
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286:
146:
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62:
58:
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Mavric, Elvira; Wittmann, Silvia; Barth, Gerold; Henle, Thomas (2008).
1000:
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367:
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127:
101:
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1371:
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1269:; Bodenhausen, Natacha; Gruissem, Wilhelm; Vorholt, Julia A. (2016).
990:
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the phyllosphere is nutrient poor and its environment more dynamic.
548:
418:
327:
281:
1320:
931:
920:
2439:"Microbiome definition re-visited: Old concepts and new challenges"
985:
821:
752:
advance fundamental knowledge of phyllosphere microbiome dynamics.
710:
332:
109:
78:
66:
65:. Most plants host diverse communities of microorganisms including
2766:(2017). "Defining the Core Microbiome in Corals' Microbial Soup".
2487:
1499:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
1489:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
1372:"Decrypting the phyllosphere microbiota: Progress and challenges"
1189:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
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951:
714:
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74:
3323:
3202:
3163:
2183:
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1767:"The Soil Microbiome Influences Grapevine-Associated Microbiota"
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1914:
1265:
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494:
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2722:
2031:
Lajoie, Geneviève; Maglione, Rémi; Kembel, Steven W. (2020).
1495:
1485:
1185:
874:
plant (left) and a leaf from a dysbiosis mutant plant (right)
726:
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718:
81:. Some are beneficial to the plant, while others function as
70:
1982:
Innerebner, Gerd; Knief, Claudia; Vorholt, Julia A. (2011).
2347:
2084:"The plant endosphere world – bacterial life within plants"
1663:
3128:
2894:
2801:
Stephens, J. M. C.; Molan, P. C.; Clarkson, B. D. (2005).
2435:
2292:
1614:
3359:
2397:"Beyond the Venn diagram: The hunt for a core microbiome"
2081:
1370:
Laforest-Lapointe, Isabelle; Whitaker, Briana K. (2019).
1369:
1061:
806:
3278:
3021:
2671:
2622:
2549:"Defining the core Arabidopsis thaliana root microbiome"
1708:
1706:
1704:
3119:) honey", Doctoral dissertation, University of Waikato.
2947:
1981:
1501:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
1491:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
1191:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
895:
Relative abundance of core phyllosphere taxa in manuka
759:
communities on the leaf surface, can be shaped by the
41:. The phyllosphere can be further subdivided into the
3131:
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science
2800:
2133:
1813:
1701:
1433:
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species and microhabitats, defining core taxa
2030:
1238:
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
2986:
1862:
887:
2845:
2846:Cooper, R.A.; Molan, P.C.; Harding, K.G. (2002).
16:The plant surface as a habitat for microorganisms
3421:
2491:"A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins"
2394:
1921:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1167:
1165:
965:on the left illustrates how the composition of
85:and may damage the host plant or even kill it.
2129:
2127:
1610:
1608:
763:present in the surrounding environment (i.e.,
705:The leaf surface, or phyllosphere, harbours a
88:
2762:Hernandez-Agreda, Alejandra; Gates, Ruth D.;
1910:
1908:
1429:
1427:
686:
2390:
2388:
2236:Lindow, Steven E.; Brandl, Maria T. (2003).
2235:
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3281:"Checklist of fungi on teatree (Kunzeaand
3083:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
2293:Bodenhausen, Natacha; Horton, Matthew W.;
1905:
930:The flowering tea tree commonly known as
844:seems to be the dominant colonizers, with
693:
679:
3399:
3389:
3364:; Monk, Jana; Ridgway, Hayley J. (2016).
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1297:
1099:
1050:
3251:
1256:
956:
863:
20:
3028:Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
2182:
1512:
1023:
3422:
2597:
2395:Shade, Ashley; Handelsman, Jo (2012).
2242:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
2140:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1988:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1869:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1820:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1202:
1108:
1250:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145039
2807:scoparium(Myrtaceae) in New Zealand"
1029:
732:The phyllosphere includes the total
13:
2238:"Microbiology of the Phyllosphere"
709:comprising diverse communities of
14:
3451:
1205:Aerial Plant Surface Microbiology
2865:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01761.x
2414:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02585.x
1633:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02258.x
1494:
1484:
1184:
910:
901:
888:Example: The manuka phyllosphere
805:
791:
660:
659:
108:
3353:
3317:
3272:
3245:
3196:
3157:
3122:
3109:
3073:
3056:
3015:
2980:
2941:
2888:
2852:Journal of Applied Microbiology
2839:
2794:
2755:
2716:
2665:
2616:
2539:
2481:
2429:
2341:
2286:
2254:10.1128/AEM.69.4.1875-1883.2003
2229:
2176:
2075:
2024:
1975:
1856:
1807:
1757:
1657:
1506:
1363:
1111:Current Opinion in Microbiology
1314:
1229:
1196:
1145:
934:is indigenous to New Zealand.
1:
3302:10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513025
3289:New Zealand Journal of Botany
3182:10.1080/0028825X.2016.1247732
3170:New Zealand Journal of Botany
3143:10.1080/01140671.2019.1670681
2909:10.3109/01913123.2016.1154914
2824:10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512966
2811:New Zealand Journal of Botany
1044:10.1016/s0007-1536(55)80069-1
1016:
3391:10.1371/journal.pone.0163717
3081:scoparium) in New Zealand".
3001:10.1016/j.carres.2012.07.025
2966:10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.020
2316:10.1371/journal.pone.0056329
1461:10.1371/journal.pone.0237079
1213:10.1007/978-0-585-34164-4_10
770:) and the host plant (i.e.,
578:Microbial population biology
7:
2185:Nature Reviews Microbiology
1515:Nature Reviews Microbiology
979:
967:operational taxonomic units
954:, or host genetic factors.
89:The phyllosphere microbiome
10:
3456:
2729:Environmental Microbiology
2629:Environmental Microbiology
2456:10.1186/s40168-020-00875-0
2401:Environmental Microbiology
2088:Environmental Microbiology
2050:10.1186/s40168-020-00844-7
1621:Environmental Microbiology
1376:American Journal of Botany
205:Marine microbial symbiosis
3339:10.1007/s13199-017-0506-3
3266:10.1017/S0953756297005765
2897:Ultrastructural Pathology
2780:10.1016/j.tim.2016.11.003
2691:10.1186/s40168-019-0624-7
2363:10.1007/s00248-012-0053-7
1732:10.1186/s40168-016-0174-1
1679:10.1007/s00248-012-0053-7
1583:10.1007/s00248-016-0738-4
1181:10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100161
1123:10.1016/j.mib.2019.10.002
1077:10.1007/s00792-018-1015-x
1339:10.1128/genomeA.00019-18
645:Earth Microbiome Project
640:Human Microbiome Project
399:Accessible carbohydrates
2948:Adams, Christopher J.;
2741:10.1111/1462-2920.12695
2642:10.1111/1462-2920.14031
2101:10.1111/1462-2920.15240
1942:10.1073/pnas.1216057111
3360:Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi;
3117:Leptospermum scoparium
3041:10.1002/mnfr.200700282
2950:Manley-Harris, Merilyn
2768:Trends in Microbiology
972:
875:
868:A leaf from a healthy
573:Biological dark matter
26:
2989:Carbohydrate Research
2954:Carbohydrate Research
1783:10.1128/mBio.02527-14
1173:Current Plant Biology
960:
867:
785:Spatial scales matter
761:microbial communities
583:Microbial cooperation
24:
3254:Mycological Research
3064:Agronomy New Zealand
2152:10.1128/AEM.05565-11
2000:10.1128/AEM.00133-11
1881:10.1128/AEM.00888-12
1832:10.1128/AEM.05565-11
1327:Genome Announcements
1207:. pp. 155–168.
938:, produced from the
544:Biomass partitioning
479:hologenome evolution
404:Flora (microbiology)
3382:2016PLoSO..1163717W
3283:Leptospermumspecies
3089:(42): 10332–10340.
2764:Ainsworth, Tracy D.
2573:10.1038/nature11237
2565:2012Natur.488...86L
2515:10.1038/nature07540
2507:2009Natur.457..480T
2197:10.1038/nrmicro2910
1933:2014PNAS..11113715K
1927:(38): 13715–13720.
1527:10.1038/nrmicro2910
1452:2020PLoSO..1537079N
1299:20.500.11850/117578
757:epiphytic bacterial
600:Metatranscriptomics
394:Initial acquisition
389:Microbial community
96:Part of a series on
3430:Microbiology terms
3221:10.1093/aob/mcx183
2206:20.500.11850/59727
1536:20.500.11850/59727
1032:Trans Br Mycol Soc
1011:Epiphytic bacteria
973:
876:
178:Marine microbiomes
27:
3285:) in New Zealand"
3095:10.1021/jf5045958
2613:, 28 August 2020.
2501:(7228): 480–484.
2351:Microbial Ecology
2146:(21): 7647–7655.
1994:(10): 3202–3210.
1875:(17): 6187–6193.
1826:(21): 7647–7655.
1667:Microbial Ecology
1627:(11): 2885–2893.
1571:Microbial Ecology
1389:10.1002/ajb2.1229
1290:10.1111/nph.14036
1222:978-0-306-45382-3
703:
702:
293:Built environment
275:Other microbiomes
219:Human microbiomes
120:Plant microbiomes
3447:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3393:
3362:Jones, E. Eirian
3357:
3351:
3350:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3260:(8): 1009–1016.
3249:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3209:Annals of Botany
3200:
3194:
3193:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3126:
3120:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3077:
3071:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3043:
3019:
3013:
3012:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2960:(8): 1050–1053.
2945:
2939:
2938:
2920:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2867:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2826:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2735:(7): 2352–2361.
2720:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2644:
2620:
2614:
2611:The Conversation
2601:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2416:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2328:
2318:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2265:
2248:(4): 1875–1883.
2233:
2227:
2226:
2208:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2103:
2094:(4): 1812–1829.
2079:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2052:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2011:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1954:
1944:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1843:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1710:
1699:
1698:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1644:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1538:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1488:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1431:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1275:
1267:Vogel, Christine
1263:
1254:
1253:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1169:
1160:
1159:(4501): 220–221.
1149:
1143:
1142:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1059:
1048:
1047:
1027:
1006:Epiphytic fungus
944:dihydroxyacetone
914:
905:
809:
795:
695:
688:
681:
668:
663:
662:
432:Marine holobiont
232:Fecal transplant
112:
93:
92:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3376:(9): e0163717.
3358:
3354:
3322:
3318:
3277:
3273:
3250:
3246:
3201:
3197:
3162:
3158:
3127:
3123:
3114:
3110:
3078:
3074:
3061:
3057:
3020:
3016:
2985:
2981:
2946:
2942:
2893:
2889:
2844:
2840:
2799:
2795:
2760:
2756:
2721:
2717:
2670:
2666:
2621:
2617:
2602:
2598:
2559:(7409): 86–90.
2544:
2540:
2486:
2482:
2434:
2430:
2393:
2386:
2346:
2342:
2291:
2287:
2234:
2230:
2191:(12): 828–840.
2181:
2177:
2132:
2125:
2080:
2076:
2029:
2025:
1980:
1976:
1913:
1906:
1861:
1857:
1812:
1808:
1762:
1758:
1711:
1702:
1662:
1658:
1613:
1606:
1567:
1560:
1521:(12): 828–840.
1511:
1507:
1446:(8): e0237079.
1432:
1405:
1368:
1364:
1319:
1315:
1278:New Phytologist
1273:
1264:
1257:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1201:
1197:
1170:
1163:
1150:
1146:
1107:
1100:
1060:
1051:
1028:
1024:
1019:
982:
970:
928:
927:
926:
925:
917:
916:
915:
907:
906:
897:
896:
890:
833:
832:
831:
830:
817:
816:
815:
814:
810:
802:
801:
800:
796:
787:
786:
699:
658:
651:
650:
649:
634:
626:
625:
624:
553:
538:
530:
529:
528:
515:
497:
487:
486:
485:
469:
436:
427:Plant holobiont
421:
411:
410:
409:
408:
379:
317:
307:
306:
305:
289:
276:
268:
267:
266:
253:
236:
221:
211:
210:
209:
200:
180:
170:
169:
168:
157:soil microbiome
152:root microbiome
137:
122:
91:
83:plant pathogens
53:(flowers), and
17:
12:
11:
5:
3453:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3416:
3415:
3352:
3316:
3295:(3): 293–335.
3271:
3244:
3215:(3): 501–512.
3195:
3176:(2): 100–117.
3156:
3137:(4): 282–296.
3121:
3108:
3072:
3055:
3034:(4): 483–489.
3014:
2979:
2940:
2903:(2): 107–111.
2887:
2858:(5): 857–863.
2838:
2817:(2): 431–449.
2793:
2774:(2): 125–140.
2754:
2727:bilobatrees".
2715:
2664:
2635:(1): 124–140.
2615:
2604:He, Sheng Yang
2596:
2538:
2480:
2428:
2384:
2357:(3): 714–724.
2340:
2295:Bergelson, Joy
2285:
2228:
2175:
2123:
2074:
2023:
1974:
1904:
1855:
1806:
1756:
1700:
1673:(3): 714–724.
1656:
1604:
1577:(4): 954–961.
1558:
1505:
1403:
1382:(2): 171–173.
1362:
1313:
1284:(1): 192–207.
1255:
1228:
1221:
1195:
1161:
1144:
1098:
1071:(3): 537–552.
1049:
1038:(3): 221–239.
1021:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
981:
978:
919:
918:
909:
908:
900:
899:
898:
894:
893:
892:
891:
889:
886:
850:Actinomycetota
842:Pseudomonadota
819:
818:
812:
811:
804:
803:
798:
797:
790:
789:
788:
784:
783:
782:
781:
701:
700:
698:
697:
690:
683:
675:
672:
671:
670:
669:
653:
652:
648:
647:
642:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
596:
595:
585:
580:
575:
570:
568:Quorum sensing
565:
560:
554:
552:
551:
546:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
527:
526:
521:
516:
510:
505:
499:
498:
493:
492:
489:
488:
484:
483:
482:
481:
470:
468:
467:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
437:
435:
434:
429:
423:
422:
417:
416:
413:
412:
407:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
380:
378:
377:
376:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
344:
343:
342:
341:
340:
335:
330:
319:
318:
313:
312:
309:
308:
304:
303:
295:
290:
284:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
265:
264:
259:
254:
248:
243:
241:Gut–brain axis
237:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
217:
216:
213:
212:
208:
207:
201:
199:
198:
193:
188:
182:
181:
176:
175:
172:
171:
167:
166:
165:
164:
159:
154:
149:
138:
136:
135:
130:
124:
123:
118:
117:
114:
113:
105:
104:
98:
97:
90:
87:
39:microorganisms
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3452:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3112:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3076:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2803:"A review of
2797:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2309:(2): e56329.
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
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1199:
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1074:
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1066:
1065:Extremophiles
1058:
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1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1012:
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994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
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977:
968:
964:
959:
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953:
949:
948:methylglyoxal
945:
941:
937:
933:
922:
913:
904:
885:
882:
881:sensu stricto
873:
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866:
862:
858:
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837:
828:
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629:
621:
620:Symbiogenesis
618:
616:
615:Superorganism
613:
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339:
338:rhizobacteria
336:
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68:
64:
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52:
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40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
3373:
3369:
3355:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3292:
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3274:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3031:
3027:
3017:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2814:
2810:
2805:Leptospermum
2804:
2796:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2610:
2599:
2556:
2552:
2541:
2498:
2494:
2483:
2446:
2442:
2431:
2404:
2400:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2306:
2302:
2288:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2143:
2139:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2040:
2036:
2026:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1924:
1920:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1774:
1770:
1759:
1722:
1718:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1624:
1620:
1574:
1570:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1443:
1439:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1281:
1277:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1204:
1198:
1172:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1114:
1110:
1068:
1064:
1035:
1031:
1025:
974:
936:Manuka honey
929:
880:
877:
869:
859:
855:aeroplankton
846:Bacteroidota
838:
834:
827:microhabitat
820:The area of
777:
768:colonisation
754:
746:
731:
704:
605:Metabolomics
588:Metagenomics
474:Hologenomics
298:
162:spermosphere
133:Phyllosphere
132:
54:
50:
46:
42:
35:phyllosphere
34:
31:microbiology
28:
18:
3440:Microbiomes
2547:L. (2012).
2407:(1): 4–12.
996:Foliicolous
871:Arabidopsis
738:rhizosphere
558:Gnotobiosis
287:Phycosphere
147:laimosphere
142:Rhizosphere
102:Microbiomes
63:laimosphere
59:rhizosphere
55:carposphere
51:anthosphere
47:phylloplane
43:caulosphere
3424:Categories
3070:: 139–144.
2918:2263/52156
2678:Microbiome
2449:(1): 103.
2443:Microbiome
2037:Microbiome
1719:Microbiome
1175:: 100161.
1017:References
1001:Microbiota
765:stochastic
749:host plant
742:endosphere
707:microbiome
610:Pan-genome
563:Phytobiome
524:Virosphere
419:Holobionts
315:Microbiota
299:Drosophila
262:Necrobiome
227:Human milk
128:Endosphere
49:(leaves),
3333:: 39–50.
3327:Symbiosis
3151:204143940
2684:(1): 13.
2110:1462-2912
2043:(1): 70.
1725:(1): 27.
1244:: 23–46.
1139:207946690
1117:: 41–49.
991:Epiphytes
549:Dysbiosis
463:rhodolith
328:endophyte
282:Mycobiome
246:Placental
45:(stems),
3410:27676607
3370:PLOS ONE
3311:84538904
3239:29300875
3190:88657399
3103:25277074
3050:18210383
3009:22960208
2995:: 7–11.
2974:19368902
2935:13372064
2927:26986806
2882:24517001
2874:12392533
2833:53515334
2788:27919551
2749:25367625
2710:30696492
2659:10650949
2651:29266641
2591:22859206
2533:19043404
2475:32605663
2423:22004523
2379:17291303
2371:22544345
2335:23457551
2303:PLOS ONE
2297:(2013).
2272:12676659
2223:10447146
2215:23154261
2170:21926212
2118:32955144
2069:32438916
2018:21421777
1961:25225376
1899:22752165
1850:21926212
1801:25805735
1751:27316353
1695:17291303
1687:22544345
1651:20545741
1599:17292307
1591:26883131
1553:10447146
1545:23154261
1480:32790769
1440:PLOS ONE
1398:30726571
1357:29496824
1308:27306148
1131:31707206
1085:29492666
986:Epibiont
980:See also
961:{A} The
822:Trinidad
799:Trinidad
740:and the
711:bacteria
666:Category
633:Projects
513:Mangrove
453:seagrass
333:epiphyte
251:Salivary
196:Cetacean
186:Seagrass
79:protists
67:bacteria
3401:5038978
3378:Bibcode
3347:4819178
3230:5838834
2701:6352427
2606:(2020)
2582:4074413
2561:Bibcode
2524:2677729
2503:Bibcode
2466:7329523
2326:3574144
2280:2304379
2161:3209174
2060:7243311
2009:3126462
1952:4183302
1929:Bibcode
1890:3416633
1841:3209174
1792:4453523
1742:4912770
1642:3156554
1471:7425925
1448:Bibcode
1348:5834328
1093:4320165
963:heatmap
952:edaphic
727:viruses
715:archaea
537:Related
519:Viriome
495:Viromes
373:vaginal
257:Uterine
75:archaea
3435:Botany
3408:
3398:
3345:
3309:
3237:
3227:
3188:
3149:
3101:
3048:
3007:
2972:
2933:
2925:
2880:
2872:
2831:
2786:
2747:
2725:Ginkgo
2708:
2698:
2657:
2649:
2589:
2579:
2553:Nature
2531:
2521:
2495:Nature
2473:
2463:
2421:
2377:
2369:
2333:
2323:
2278:
2270:
2263:154815
2260:
2221:
2213:
2168:
2158:
2116:
2108:
2067:
2057:
2016:
2006:
1969:852584
1967:
1959:
1949:
1897:
1887:
1848:
1838:
1799:
1789:
1749:
1739:
1693:
1685:
1649:
1639:
1597:
1589:
1551:
1543:
1478:
1468:
1396:
1355:
1345:
1306:
1219:
1153:Nature
1137:
1129:
1091:
1083:
940:nectar
932:manuka
921:Manuka
813:A leaf
772:biotic
734:aerial
664:
458:sponge
384:Marine
77:, and
33:, the
3343:S2CID
3307:S2CID
3186:S2CID
3147:S2CID
2931:S2CID
2878:S2CID
2829:S2CID
2655:S2CID
2375:S2CID
2276:S2CID
2219:S2CID
1965:S2CID
1777:(2).
1691:S2CID
1595:S2CID
1549:S2CID
1333:(9).
1274:(PDF)
1135:S2CID
1089:S2CID
723:algae
719:fungi
593:viral
508:Human
443:coral
348:Human
323:Plant
191:Coral
71:fungi
3406:PMID
3235:PMID
3099:PMID
3046:PMID
3005:PMID
2970:PMID
2923:PMID
2870:PMID
2784:PMID
2745:PMID
2706:PMID
2647:PMID
2587:PMID
2529:PMID
2471:PMID
2419:PMID
2367:PMID
2331:PMID
2268:PMID
2211:PMID
2166:PMID
2114:PMID
2106:ISSN
2065:PMID
2014:PMID
1957:PMID
1895:PMID
1846:PMID
1797:PMID
1771:mBio
1747:PMID
1683:PMID
1647:PMID
1587:PMID
1541:PMID
1476:PMID
1394:PMID
1353:PMID
1304:PMID
1217:ISBN
1127:PMID
1081:PMID
848:and
725:and
448:crab
368:skin
363:oral
358:lung
61:and
3396:PMC
3386:doi
3335:doi
3297:doi
3262:doi
3258:102
3225:PMC
3217:doi
3213:121
3178:doi
3139:doi
3091:doi
3036:doi
2997:doi
2993:361
2962:doi
2958:344
2913:hdl
2905:doi
2860:doi
2819:doi
2776:doi
2737:doi
2696:PMC
2686:doi
2637:doi
2577:PMC
2569:doi
2557:488
2519:PMC
2511:doi
2499:457
2461:PMC
2451:doi
2409:doi
2359:doi
2321:PMC
2311:doi
2258:PMC
2250:doi
2201:hdl
2193:doi
2156:PMC
2148:doi
2096:doi
2055:PMC
2045:doi
2004:PMC
1996:doi
1947:PMC
1937:doi
1925:111
1885:PMC
1877:doi
1836:PMC
1828:doi
1787:PMC
1779:doi
1737:PMC
1727:doi
1675:doi
1637:PMC
1629:doi
1579:doi
1531:hdl
1523:doi
1466:PMC
1456:doi
1384:doi
1380:106
1343:PMC
1335:doi
1294:hdl
1286:doi
1282:212
1246:doi
1209:doi
1177:doi
1157:177
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