3513:. The highest concentrations of isoflavones are found in soybeans and soybean products followed by legumes, whereas lignans are the primary source of phytoestrogens found in nuts and oilseeds (e.g. flax) and also found in cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables. Phytoestrogen content varies in different foods, and may vary significantly within the same group of foods (e.g. soy beverages, tofu) depending on processing mechanisms and type of soybean used. Legumes (in particular soybeans), whole grain cereals, and some seeds are high in phytoestrogens.
3739:
3836:, and increased ejaculate volume. Sperm count decline and increasing rate of testicular cancers in the West may be linked to a higher presence of isoflavone phytoestrogens in the diet while in utero, but such a link has not been definitively proven. Furthermore, while there is some evidence that phytoestrogens may affect male fertility, more recent reviews of available studies found no link, and instead suggests that healthier diets such as the
241:(PPARs). In vitro studies show an activation of PPARs at concentrations above 1 μM, which is higher than the activation level of ERs. At the concentration below 1 μM, activation of ERs may play a dominant role. At higher concentrations (>1 μM), both ERs and PPARs are activated. Studies have shown that both ERs and PPARs influence each other and therefore induce differential effects in a dose-dependent way. The final biological effects of
3849:
genistein is thought to exert its effects. Some reviews express the opinion that more research is needed to answer the question of what effect phytoestrogens may have on infants, but their authors did not find any adverse effects. Studies conclude there are no adverse effects in human growth, development, or reproduction as a result of the consumption of soy-based infant formula compared to conventional cow-milk formula. The
136:
3777:
In humans, phytoestrogens are digested in the small intestine, poorly absorbed into the circulatory system, circulate in plasma, and are excreted in the urine. Metabolic influence is different from that of grazing animals due to the differences between ruminant versus monogastric digestive systems.
3853:
states: "although isolated soy protein-based formulas may be used to provide nutrition for normal growth and development, there are few indications for their use in place of cow milk-based formula. These indications include (a) for infants with galactosemia and hereditary lactase deficiency (rare)
123:
and a phytoestrogen allow them to mildly mimic and sometimes act as an antagonist of estrogen. Phytoestrogens were first observed in 1926, but it was unknown if they could have any effect in human or animal metabolism. In the 1940s and early 1950s, it was noticed that some pastures of subterranean
3848:
Some studies have found that some concentrations of isoflavones may have effects on intestinal cells. At low doses, genistein acted as a weak estrogen and stimulated cell growth; at high doses, it inhibited proliferation and altered cell cycle dynamics. This biphasic response correlates with how
233:
In addition to interaction with ERs, phytoestrogens may also modulate the concentration of endogenous estrogens by binding or inactivating some enzymes, and may affect the bioavailability of sex hormones by depressing or stimulating the synthesis of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).
3405:
values are of the format "median (range)" (# (#–#)), "range" (#–#), or "value" (#) depending on the values available. The full sets of values within the ranges can be found in the Wiki code. (2) Binding affinities were determined via displacement studies in a variety of
3831:
It is unclear if phytoestrogens have any effect on male sexuality, with conflicting results about the potential effects of isoflavones originating from soy. Some studies showed that isoflavone supplementation had a positive effect on sperm concentration, count, or
186:, especially common on cereal grains, but also occurring elsewhere, e.g. on various forages. Although mycoestrogens are rarely taken into account in discussions about phytoestrogens, these are the compounds that initially generated the interest on the topic.
3492:
food as available in nature has shown only weak estrogenic activity. Studies have been conducted on screening methods for environmental estrogens present in manufactured supplementary food, with the purpose of aiding reproduction of endangered species.
3798:
studies found that consumption of soy estrogens is safe for patients with breast cancer, and that it may decrease mortality and recurrence rates. It remains unclear if phytoestrogens can minimize some of the deleterious effects of low estrogen levels
4767:
Fidler AE, Zwart S, Pharis RP, Weston RJ, Lawrence SB, Jansen P, Elliott G, Merton DV (2000). "Screening the foods of an endangered parrot, the kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), for oestrogenic activity using a recombinant yeast bioassay".
266:
3862:
In some countries, phytoestrogenic plants have been used for centuries in the treatment of menstrual and menopausal problems, as well as for fertility problems. Plants used that have been shown to contain phytoestrogens include
3466:
Phytoestrogens are ancient naturally occurring substances, and as dietary phytochemicals they are considered to have coevolved with mammals. In the human diet, phytoestrogens are not the only source of exogenous estrogens.
3475:
and ingredients, and also in cosmetics, plastics, and insecticides. Environmentally, they have similar effects as phytoestrogens, making it difficult to clearly separate the action of these two kind of agents in studies.
4846:
van
Elswijk DA, Schobel UP, Lansky EP, Irth H, van der Greef J (Jan 2004). "Rapid dereplication of estrogenic compounds in pomegranate (Punica granatum) using on-line biochemical detection coupled to mass spectrometry".
116:", and "gene" (Greek γόνο) is "to generate". It has been hypothesized that plants use a phytoestrogen as part of their natural defense against the overpopulation of herbivore animals by controlling female fertility.
5141:
Zamora-Ros, R; Knaze, V; Luján-Barroso, L; Kuhnle, G G C; Mulligan, A A; Touillaud, M; Slimani, N; Romieu, I; Powell, N; Tumino, R; Peeters, P H M; de
Magistris, M S; Ricceri, F; Sonestedt, E; Drake, I (2012).
46:, but consumed by eating plants or manufactured foods. Also called a "dietary estrogen", it is a diverse group of naturally occurring nonsteroidal plant compounds that, because of its structural similarity to
259:
3793:
It is unclear if phytoestrogens have any effect on the cause or prevention of cancer in women. Some epidemiological studies have suggested a protective effect against breast cancer. Additionally, other
4333:"Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal Performance and Practical Strategies to Counteract Their Negative Effects"
252:
3501:
According to one study of nine common phytoestrogens in a
Western diet, foods with the highest relative phytoestrogen content were nuts and oilseeds, followed by soy products, cereals and breads,
7148:
7143:
3725:. An epidemiological study of women in the United States found that the dietary intake of phytoestrogens in healthy post-menopausal Caucasian women is less than one milligram daily.
4296:
Zinedine A, Soriano JM, Moltó JC, Mañes J (2007). "Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: an oestrogenic mycotoxin".
5706:
Messina, Mark; Mejia, Sonia Blanco; Cassidy, Aedin; Duncan, Alison; Kurzer, Mindy; Nagato, Chisato; Ronis, Martin; Rowland, Ian; Sievenpiper, John; Barnes, Stephen (2021-03-27).
58:
because their absence from the diet does not cause a disease, nor are they known to participate in any normal biological function. Common foods containing phytoestrogens are
9029:
6340:
Kennelly EJ, Baggett S, Nuntanakorn P, Ososki AL, Mori SA, Duke J, Coleton M, Kronenberg F (Jul 2002). "Analysis of thirteen populations of black cohosh for formononetin".
3710:
6028:
Giampietro PG, Bruno G, Furcolo G, Casati A, Brunetti E, Spadoni GL, Galli E (Feb 2004). "Soy protein formulas in children: no hormonal effects in long-term feeding".
4939:
Rosenblum ER, Stauber RE, Van Thiel DH, Campbell IM, Gavaler JS (Dec 1993). "Assessment of the estrogenic activity of phytoestrogens isolated from bourbon and beer".
4803:
Thompson LU, Boucher BA, Liu Z, Cotterchio M, Kreiger N (2006). "Phytoestrogen content of foods consumed in Canada, including isoflavones, lignans, and coumestan".
9261:
8601:
6680:
6511:
7080:
6506:
6291:
Geller SE, Shulman LP, van
Breemen RB, Banuvar S, Zhou Y, Epstein G, Hedayat S, Nikolic D, Krause EC, Piersen CE, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Farnsworth NR (2009).
5144:"Dietary intakes and food sources of phytoestrogens in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) 24-hour dietary recall cohort"
6501:
3709:
Food content of phytoestrogens is very variable and accurate estimates of intake are therefore difficult and depends on the databases used. Data from the
3840:
might have a positive effect on male fertility. Neither isoflavones nor soy have been shown to affect male reproductive hormones in healthy individuals.
6780:
9176:
8942:
7133:
8993:
8985:
213:
The key structural elements that enable phytoestrogens to bind with high affinity to estrogen receptors and display estradiol-like effects are:
8568:
5063:"Lavender Products Associated With Premature Thelarche and Prepubertal Gynecomastia: Case Reports and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Activities"
9328:
9323:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8681:
5905:
Miniello VL, Moro GE, Tarantino M, Natile M, Granieri L, Armenio L (Sep 2003). "Soy-based formulas and phyto-oestrogens: a safety profile".
5708:"Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data"
9287:
9207:
9004:
8306:
8090:
7793:
9079:
9074:
8846:
8771:
4132:
Bennetts HW, Underwood EJ, Shier FL (1946). "A specific breeding problem of sheep on subterranean clover pastures in
Western Australia".
5482:
Fritz H, Seely D, Flower G, Skidmore B, Fernandes R, Vadeboncoeur S, Kennedy D, Cooley K, Wong R, Sagar S, Sabri E, Fergusson D (2013).
9054:
9049:
8896:
8891:
7243:
7073:
6516:
3556:
238:
139:
Chemical structures of the most common phytoestrogens found in plants (top and middle) compared with estrogen (bottom) found in animals
9389:
9222:
9217:
8901:
8736:
8691:
8040:
5866:"Genistein at a concentration present in soy infant formula inhibits Caco-2BBe cell proliferation by causing G2/M cell cycle arrest"
4410:
Turner JV, Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Glass BD (Aug 2007). "Molecular aspects of phytoestrogen selective binding at estrogen receptors".
3484:
The consumption of plants with unusual content of phytoestrogens, under drought conditions, has been shown to decrease fertility in
9059:
8967:
8962:
8952:
8866:
8791:
7803:
4890:
Chadwick LR, Nikolic D, Burdette JE, Overk CR, Bolton JL, van
Breemen RB, Fröhlich R, Fong HH, Farnsworth NR, Pauli GF (Dec 2004).
164:
are three of the most active in estrogenic effects in this class. The best-researched are isoflavones, which are commonly found in
8906:
6401:
5825:"Neither soy nor isoflavone intake affects male reproductive hormones: An expanded and updated meta-analysis of clinical studies"
5012:
Bacciottini, Lucia; Falchetti, Alberto; Pampaloni, Barbara; Bartolini, Elisa; Carossino, Anna Maria; Brandi, Maria Luisa (2007).
5987:
Strom BL, Schinnar R, Ziegler EE, Barnhart KT, Sammel MD, Macones GA, Stallings VA, Drulis JM, Nelson SE, Hanson SA (Aug 2001).
8582:
5275:
Domínguez-López, Inés; Yago-Aragón, Maria; Salas-Huetos, Albert; Tresserra-Rimbau, Anna; Hurtado-Barroso, Sara (August 2020).
907:
207:
9384:
7066:
6275:
6168:
5599:
4724:
Leopold AS, Erwin M, Oh J, Browning B (January 1976). "Phytoestrogens: adverse effects on reproduction in
California quail".
4708:
4631:
4391:
4206:
4116:
4091:
4009:
6293:"Safety and efficacy of black cohosh and red clover for the management of vasomotor symptoms: A randomized controlled trial"
3505:, meat products, and other processed foods that may contain soy, vegetables, fruits, alcoholic, and nonalcoholic beverages.
9379:
7875:
7353:
9113:
4542:"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma ) as a molecular target for the soy phytoestrogen genistein"
7338:
7333:
4583:"The balance between concurrent activation of ERs and PPARs determines daidzein-induced osteogenesis and adipogenesis"
7386:
6911:
5210:
7402:
6896:
6113:
4494:
Dang ZC (May 2009). "Dose-dependent effects of soy phyto-oestrogen genistein on adipocytes: mechanisms of action".
7957:
7523:
4223:
8537:
6901:
5390:
Ingram D, Sanders K, Kolybaba M, Lopez D (Oct 1997). "Case-control study of phyto-oestrogens and breast cancer".
5236:"Intake of dietary phytoestrogens is low in postmenopausal women in the United States: the Framingham study(1-4)"
3965:
7597:
7565:
7788:
3850:
17:
9445:
3968:. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. October 2016
5989:"Exposure to soy-based formula in infancy and endocrinological and reproductive outcomes in young adulthood"
9374:
7688:
932:
9138:
7248:
7223:
3198:
3173:
882:
9394:
7636:
6394:
4027:"Phytochemical mimicry of reproductive hormones and modulation of herbivore fertility by phytoestrogens"
3463:
in tobacco. Soybeans naturally produce isoflavones, and are therefore a dietary source for isoflavones.
7641:
5234:
de Kleijn MJ, van der Schouw YT, Wilson PW, Adlercreutz H, Mazur W, Grobbee DE, Jacques PF (Jun 2001).
226:
Distance between two hydroxyl groups at the isoflavones nucleus similar to that occurring in estradiol
8696:
8606:
7828:
5950:"Isoflavones in soy infant formula: a review of evidence for endocrine and other activity in infants"
3722:
3223:
2873:
295:
289:
180:
have similar structures and effects, but are not components of plants; these are mold metabolites of
4649:"Identification of xenoestrogens in food additives by an integrated in silico and in vitro approach"
3509:
seed and other oilseeds contained the highest total phytoestrogen content, followed by soybeans and
982:
9257:
9019:
8932:
8557:
8250:
7783:
7778:
7678:
6961:
6876:
5767:
2010:
9420:
9415:
8545:
8455:
8080:
8070:
8005:
7533:
7303:
6986:
6956:
5111:
3782:
3714:
857:
199:
7343:
7318:
7258:
7253:
1185:
1160:
9425:
8513:
8065:
7545:
7470:
7465:
7418:
6387:
4261:
Kuiper-Goodman T, Scott PM, Watanabe H (1987). "Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone".
4083:
1510:
332:
203:
7273:
8786:
8611:
8549:
8075:
7619:
7582:
7570:
7438:
6971:
5110:
Kuhnle, Gunter G.C.; Dell’Aquila, Caterina; Runswick, Shirley A.; Bingham, Sheila A. (2008).
3819:) stated that there was no conclusive evidence to suggest any benefit to their use, although
407:
281:
7348:
7323:
7298:
7283:
7218:
7158:
7153:
4075:
3373:
3348:
1135:
1110:
732:
8206:
7863:
7602:
7508:
7450:
7228:
6473:
5495:
4856:
4733:
1210:
1007:
382:
357:
7288:
7163:
7138:
5965:
5235:
3073:
3048:
8:
9267:
9182:
8246:
8030:
7887:
7853:
7663:
7363:
2035:
1935:
832:
7278:
5567:
5542:
5499:
4860:
4737:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9349:
9133:
9014:
8596:
8210:
7870:
7528:
7445:
7390:
7233:
7193:
7183:
7123:
7092:
6496:
6365:
6317:
6292:
6141:
6053:
5930:
5918:
5805:
5745:
5680:
5655:
5518:
5483:
5459:
5434:
5415:
5367:
5340:
5311:
5276:
5181:
5087:
5062:
5038:
5013:
4952:
4916:
4891:
4828:
4673:
4648:
4519:
4473:
4359:
4332:
4243:
4145:
4051:
4026:
3886:
3837:
3757:
3148:
2360:
1360:
1235:
957:
607:
582:
557:
532:
8937:
7213:
5403:
5274:
4990:
8947:
8721:
8170:
7178:
7173:
7100:
7089:
6966:
6357:
6322:
6271:
6248:
6207:
6164:
6133:
6094:
6045:
6010:
5969:
5922:
5887:
5846:
5797:
5789:
5784:
5749:
5737:
5729:
5685:
5636:
5595:
5572:
5523:
5464:
5407:
5372:
5316:
5298:
5277:"Effects of Dietary Phytoestrogens on Hormones throughout a Human Lifespan: A Review"
5257:
5216:
5206:
5173:
5165:
5092:
5043:
5025:
4994:
4956:
4921:
4872:
4820:
4785:
4749:
4704:
4678:
4627:
4604:
4563:
4511:
4507:
4465:
4427:
4387:
4364:
4313:
4278:
4274:
4202:
4149:
4112:
4087:
4076:
4056:
4005:
3903:
3865:
3023:
1485:
807:
195:
7328:
6369:
6057:
5934:
5809:
5419:
5185:
4868:
4523:
4477:
4247:
9197:
8666:
7631:
7378:
7263:
7203:
7198:
7188:
7168:
7128:
6817:
6488:
6349:
6312:
6304:
6238:
6197:
6145:
6125:
6084:
6073:"Safety of soy-based infant formulas containing isoflavones: the clinical evidence"
6037:
6000:
5961:
5914:
5877:
5841:
5836:
5824:
5779:
5719:
5675:
5667:
5628:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5513:
5503:
5454:
5446:
5399:
5362:
5352:
5306:
5288:
5247:
5155:
5127:
5123:
5082:
5074:
5033:
4986:
4948:
4911:
4903:
4864:
4812:
4777:
4741:
4668:
4660:
4594:
4553:
4503:
4457:
4419:
4354:
4344:
4305:
4270:
4235:
4176:
4141:
4046:
4038:
3812:
3402:
3123:
2998:
2973:
1460:
1260:
782:
757:
707:
682:
657:
632:
507:
220:
The ring of isoflavones mimicking a ring of estrogens at the receptors binding site
43:
7308:
6186:"Requirement of metabolic activation for estrogenic activity of Pueraria mirifica"
5724:
5707:
5617:"Effect of a phytoestrogen food supplement on reproductive health in normal males"
8756:
8489:
8363:
7995:
7942:
7897:
7698:
6996:
6765:
6625:
6308:
5615:
Mitchell JH, Cawood E, Kinniburgh D, Provan A, Collins AR, Irvine DS (Jun 2001).
5508:
4832:
4448:
Dang ZC, Lowik C (Jul 2005). "Dose-dependent effects of phytoestrogens on bone".
3890:
3800:
3663:
3582:
3098:
2460:
1785:
1335:
157:
8467:
8463:
8441:
6827:
6822:
5671:
4180:
2560:
2535:
2485:
9227:
8989:
8861:
8290:
8010:
7982:
7974:
7813:
7718:
7708:
7653:
7648:
7550:
7368:
7268:
7058:
6981:
6718:
6440:
6418:
6041:
3923:
3889:, has been shown to be safe, but ineffective in relieving menopausal symptoms (
3718:
3424:
proteins (except the ERβ values from Kuiper et al. (1997), which are rat ERβ).
3248:
2898:
176:
have also been identified as phytoestrogens, although they are not flavonoids.
149:
105:
94:
6353:
6243:
6226:
4816:
4461:
4309:
3323:
1985:
9409:
8841:
8676:
8651:
8431:
8349:
8182:
8160:
8015:
7892:
7624:
7475:
7433:
6843:
6731:
6708:
6685:
6202:
6185:
6089:
6072:
5793:
5733:
5302:
5220:
5169:
5029:
3928:
3918:
3815:
of the use of phytoestrogens to relieve the vasomotor symptoms of menopause (
3642:
3516:
A more comprehensive list of foods known to contain phytoestrogens includes:
3472:
3468:
3456:
3273:
1032:
482:
457:
177:
113:
6184:
Lee YS, Park JS, Cho SD, Son JK, Cherdshewasart W, Kang KS (December 2002).
5882:
5865:
5541:
Lethaby A, Marjoribanks J, Kronenberg F, Roberts H, Eden J, Brown J (2013).
5252:
4745:
4167:
Cunningham IJ, Hogan KG (1954). "Oestrogens in New
Zealand pasture plants".
3893:
is also used for menopausal symptoms, but does not contain phytoestrogens).
9009:
8981:
8957:
8826:
8751:
8661:
8656:
8646:
8449:
8415:
8405:
8401:
8336:
8330:
8262:
7758:
7748:
7723:
7587:
7540:
7394:
7382:
6941:
6794:
6584:
6549:
6410:
6361:
6326:
6252:
6211:
6137:
6129:
6098:
6049:
6014:
6005:
5988:
5973:
5926:
5891:
5850:
5801:
5741:
5689:
5640:
5616:
5576:
5527:
5468:
5450:
5376:
5357:
5320:
5261:
5177:
5096:
5047:
4925:
4876:
4824:
4789:
4682:
4608:
4567:
4558:
4541:
4515:
4469:
4431:
4368:
4317:
4153:
3804:
3795:
3689:
3538:
2816:
1835:
1760:
1735:
237:
Emerging evidence shows that some phytoestrogens bind to and transactivate
35:
5411:
5200:
5078:
4998:
4960:
4753:
4349:
4282:
4060:
9354:
9282:
9247:
9242:
9202:
9172:
9158:
9148:
9143:
8972:
8916:
8911:
8806:
8801:
8781:
8731:
8706:
8701:
8626:
8616:
8533:
8529:
8525:
8517:
8507:
8503:
8471:
8459:
8445:
8437:
8377:
8310:
8254:
8226:
8060:
8035:
7907:
7808:
7683:
7607:
7577:
7428:
7408:
7358:
7312:
7208:
6946:
6926:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6866:
6807:
6802:
6775:
6648:
6594:
6534:
6526:
6450:
5484:"Soy, red clover, and isoflavones and breast cancer: a systematic review"
5160:
5143:
3908:
3721:. The high intake in the UK is partly explained by the use of soy in the
3612:
3543:
3444:
2788:
2760:
2685:
2660:
2635:
2510:
2410:
2285:
1910:
1885:
1560:
432:
59:
5341:"Phytoestrogens and prevention of breast cancer: The contentious debate"
5233:
4599:
4582:
4042:
217:
The phenolic ring that is indispensable for binding to estrogen receptor
9297:
9277:
9252:
9099:
9044:
8999:
8977:
8886:
8881:
8851:
8836:
8831:
8796:
8686:
8641:
8621:
8499:
8493:
8397:
8385:
8345:
8326:
8302:
8286:
8196:
8192:
8166:
8152:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8085:
8055:
8025:
8020:
8000:
7937:
7858:
7838:
7823:
7818:
7763:
7713:
7614:
7555:
7488:
7483:
7460:
7398:
7373:
6976:
6931:
6921:
6916:
6770:
6703:
6675:
6662:
6445:
6435:
6427:
5632:
5293:
4239:
3685:
3617:
3448:
3440:
3413:
2948:
2923:
2710:
2435:
2335:
2310:
2185:
2085:
1810:
1710:
1685:
1660:
1635:
1585:
1435:
1410:
169:
161:
125:
51:
7798:
7293:
5112:"Variability of phytoestrogen content in foods from different sources"
5011:
4907:
4664:
4423:
1960:
9292:
9272:
9212:
9192:
9034:
8871:
8746:
8741:
8726:
8711:
8671:
8553:
8521:
8479:
8427:
8423:
8419:
8409:
8389:
8373:
8322:
8298:
8294:
8282:
8274:
8270:
8230:
8218:
8202:
8188:
8178:
8174:
8130:
7990:
7964:
7952:
7927:
7917:
7902:
7882:
7833:
7733:
7728:
7703:
7693:
7658:
7518:
7493:
7455:
7413:
6749:
6670:
6638:
6633:
6615:
6564:
6554:
6478:
5766:
Nassan, Feiby L.; Chavarro, Jorge E.; Tanrikut, Cigdem (2018-09-01).
4384:
Endocrine
Disruptors: Effects on Male and Female Reproductive Systems
3820:
3816:
3808:
3622:
3597:
3552:
3548:
3460:
2610:
2385:
2210:
2135:
1610:
1535:
1385:
1310:
1285:
1085:
242:
153:
129:
47:
7238:
5949:
5540:
4977:
Albert-Puleo M (Dec 1980). "Fennel and anise as estrogenic agents".
4781:
3885:. In a rigorous study, the use of one such source of phytoestrogen,
2060:
9163:
9153:
8856:
8716:
8636:
8631:
8564:
8381:
8318:
8314:
8278:
8266:
8238:
8234:
8222:
8214:
8144:
7932:
7922:
7768:
7753:
7738:
7673:
7668:
7513:
7423:
7019:
6906:
6871:
6741:
6654:
6579:
6574:
6559:
6539:
6468:
6460:
4540:
Dang ZC, Audinot V, Papapoulos SE, Boutin JA, Löwik CW (Jan 2003).
3874:
3833:
3703:
3408:
3298:
2260:
1860:
182:
120:
55:
39:
5140:
135:
42:
produced by organisms other than humans) not generated within the
9318:
9064:
8876:
8776:
8766:
8761:
8541:
8485:
8475:
8367:
8242:
8050:
8045:
7947:
7912:
7843:
7743:
7592:
7560:
7498:
6951:
6936:
6812:
6726:
6695:
6606:
6544:
4938:
3695:
3652:
3592:
3521:
2585:
2160:
2110:
1060:
6379:
6339:
5433:
Shu XO, Zheng Y, Cai H, Gu K, Chen Z, Zheng W, Lu W (Dec 2009).
5109:
4331:
Gallo A, Giuberti G, Frisvad JC, Bertuzzi T, Nielsen KF (2015).
3854:
and (b) in situations in which a vegetarian diet is preferred."
245:
are determined by the balance among these pleiotrophic actions.
194:
Phytoestrogens exert their effects primarily through binding to
9237:
9232:
9089:
8353:
8341:
8156:
8125:
8120:
8115:
7848:
7503:
7029:
7024:
6569:
6290:
6268:
Chemicals from plants: Perspectives on plant secondary products
5338:
3913:
3878:
3674:
3647:
3637:
3607:
3577:
3567:
3527:
3502:
3489:
3452:
2735:
198:(ER). There are two variants of the estrogen receptor, alpha (
173:
109:
87:
79:
71:
8583:
5614:
3421:
3417:
325:
320:
315:
310:
9313:
9187:
9069:
9039:
8258:
8140:
7969:
6602:
4409:
4078:
Infertility in the modern world: present and future prospects
3882:
3870:
3679:
3632:
3627:
3602:
3485:
2235:
148:
Phytoestrogens mainly belong to a large group of substituted
83:
6027:
5986:
4889:
4845:
4802:
4647:
Amadasi A, Mozzarelli A, Meda C, Maggi A, Cozzini P (2009).
4330:
3711:
European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
54:
or antiestrogenic effects. Phytoestrogens are not essential
9333:
9114:
9024:
8393:
8148:
5904:
5768:"Diet and men's fertility: does diet affect sperm quality?"
4892:"Estrogens and congeners from spent hops (Humulus lupulus)"
4539:
4260:
3668:
3657:
3587:
3572:
3532:
3510:
3506:
3439:
Phytoestrogens are involved in the synthesis of antifungal
2844:
275:
Affinities of estrogen receptor ligands for the ERα and ERβ
75:
63:
6227:"Analysis of isoflavones in foods and dietary supplements"
5389:
4646:
9168:
5705:
4295:
3933:
3785:
to determine that phytoestrogens have effects in humans.
3562:
165:
67:
5481:
4766:
128:(phytoestrogen-rich plants) had adverse effects on the
7484:
Epiestriol (16β-epiestriol, 16β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol)
5765:
5339:
Bilal I, Chowdhury A, Davidson J, Whitehead S (2014).
5061:
Ramsey, Tyler; Li, Yin; Yukitomo, Arao (Nov 1, 2019).
4723:
4131:
4082:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.
6114:"Use of soy protein-based formulas in infant feeding"
4073:
3559:, a compound taken by men to increase testosterone).
6030:
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism
4004:. Taylor & Francis Ltd. pp. 3–5, 210–211.
5822:
5543:"Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms"
223:Low molecular weight similar to estrogens (MW=272)
206:) and many phytoestrogens display somewhat higher
90:(see Food Sources section below for bigger list).
6270:. World Scientific Publishing. pp. 21, 141.
5653:
3752:on whether humans are affected by phytoestrogens.
9407:
7088:
5060:
4626:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 204, 211–213.
4067:
6158:
4535:
4533:
4489:
4487:
4443:
4441:
4405:
4403:
4221:
4166:
8588:Tooltip Selective estrogen receptor modulators
7943:Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate)
7304:16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)
5712:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
4941:Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
7134:3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol
7074:
6395:
6224:
6183:
5432:
5205:. Linda S. Young. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
5018:Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism
260:
7244:10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED)
6333:
6284:
6218:
6177:
6105:
6070:
6021:
5980:
5941:
5898:
5857:
5816:
5647:
5608:
5534:
5435:"Soy food intake and breast cancer survival"
5426:
5227:
4976:
4883:
4839:
4760:
4640:
4574:
4530:
4484:
4438:
4400:
4324:
4289:
4106:
119:The similarities, at molecular level, of an
50:(17-β-estradiol), have the ability to cause
9119:Tooltip G protein-coupled estrogen receptor
7938:Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)
6265:
6163:. Cambridge University Press. p. 287.
6111:
5863:
5547:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5383:
4932:
4717:
4254:
4125:
239:peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
8081:Triphenylmethylethylene (triphenylpropene)
7405:, many others; via estrogenic metabolites)
7329:17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)
7081:
7067:
6836:
6402:
6388:
4621:
4018:
267:
253:
7101:
6316:
6242:
6201:
6088:
6004:
5947:
5881:
5840:
5783:
5723:
5679:
5589:
5566:
5517:
5507:
5458:
5366:
5356:
5310:
5292:
5251:
5159:
5086:
5037:
4915:
4701:Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology
4672:
4598:
4580:
4557:
4447:
4358:
4348:
4050:
5334:
5332:
5330:
4770:Reproduction, Fertility, and Development
4694:
4692:
4624:Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
4196:
3823:effects should be further investigated.
3738:
134:
5198:
4703:. Marcel Dekker Ltd. pp. 278–279.
104:, the hormone which gives fertility to
14:
9408:
5823:Reed KE, Camargo J, Messina M (2020).
5148:European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
4972:
4970:
4698:
4450:Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism
4024:
3999:
189:
7062:
6383:
6064:
5966:10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.101603.064950
5761:
5759:
5701:
5699:
5656:"The pros and cons of phytoestrogens"
5475:
5327:
4689:
4192:
4190:
4074:Bentley GR, Mascie-Taylor CG (2000).
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3713:found intakes between 1 mg/d in
4587:Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
4493:
3857:
3732:
3728:
5583:
4967:
4546:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
4381:
24:
5919:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00655.x
5756:
5696:
5345:World Journal of Clinical Oncology
4953:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05230.x
4412:Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
4187:
4146:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1946.tb15473.x
4002:Phytoestrogens in Functional Foods
3980:
3947:
3781:As of 2020, there is insufficient
3717:and more than 20 mg/d in the
25:
9457:
8480:taleranol (teranol, β-zearalanol)
7395:metandienone (methandrostenolone)
6409:
6071:Merritt RJ, Jenks BH (May 2004).
5654:Patisaul HB, Jefferson W (2010).
4201:. CRC Press Inc. pp. 66–68.
4031:Environmental Health Perspectives
3843:
9390:Progesterone receptor modulators
9144:Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen)
8026:Prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041)
5864:Chen AC, Donovan SM (Jun 2004).
5785:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.025
4508:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00554.x
4222:Bennett GA, Shotwell OI (1979).
3737:
3479:
3471:(novel, man-made), are found as
9087:Coregulator-binding modulators:
7354:17β-Methyl-17α-dihydroequilenin
6259:
6161:Chemical Ecology of Vertebrates
6152:
5660:Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
5268:
5192:
5134:
5103:
5054:
5014:"Phytoestrogens: food or drug?"
5005:
4869:10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.07.001
4796:
4615:
4375:
3496:
7918:Erteberel (SERBA-1, LY-500307)
6112:Bhatia J, Greer F (May 2008).
5842:10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.019
5559:10.1002/14651858.CD001395.pub4
5128:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.004
4224:"Zearalenone in cereal grains"
4215:
4160:
4100:
3851:American Academy of Pediatrics
13:
1:
9375:Receptor/signaling modulators
7339:17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol
7334:17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol
6231:Journal of AOAC International
6225:Delmonte P, Rader JI (2006).
6190:Journal of Veterinary Science
5725:10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054
5594:. CRC Press Inc. p. 95.
5404:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)01339-1
5202:The Chorleywood bread process
4991:10.1016/S0378-8741(80)81015-4
4581:Dang Z, Löwik CW (May 2004).
4386:. CRC Press Inc. p. 90.
4134:Australian Veterinary Journal
3940:
908:Estradiol 3-gluc. 17β-sulfate
229:Optimal hydroxylation pattern
9385:Androgen receptor modulators
7689:Lynestrenol phenylpropionate
6309:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181ace49b
5509:10.1371/journal.pone.0081968
5199:Cauvain, Stanley P. (2006).
4979:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
4275:10.1016/0273-2300(87)90037-7
4107:Varner JE, Bonner J (1966).
3748:appears to contradict itself
3688:(sometimes a constituent of
143:
7:
9380:Estrogens and antiestrogens
9030:Oxabicycloheptene sulfonate
8717:Etacstil (GW-5638, DPC-974)
7893:Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)
7637:Ethinylestradiol 3-benzoate
7149:3β,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
7144:3α,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
5672:10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.003
4896:Journal of Natural Products
4181:10.1080/00480169.1954.33166
3896:
1190:6,8-Didehydro-17α-estradiol
1165:6,8-Didehydro-17β-estradiol
296:Absolute binding affinities
290:Relative binding affinities
210:for ER-β compared to ER-α.
10:
9462:
9097:Noncompetitive inhibitors:
8722:Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25)
7883:Dimestrol (dianisylhexene)
7642:Ethinylestradiol sulfonate
6266:Brown D, Walton N (1999).
6159:Muller-Schwarze D (2006).
6042:10.1515/JPEM.2004.17.2.191
5954:Annual Review of Nutrition
4622:Leegood RC, Lea P (1998).
4228:J. Amer. Oil. Chemists Soc
4199:Phytochem Functional Foods
3788:
3434:
27:Plant-derived xenoestrogen
9367:
9342:
9306:
9139:7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
9126:
9112:
8925:
8697:Desmethylchlorotrianisene
8578:
7876:Diethylstilbestrol esters
7829:Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid
7249:11β-Chloromethylestradiol
7224:7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
7113:
7106:Tooltip Estrogen receptor
7099:
6995:
6859:
6793:
6758:
6740:
6717:
6694:
6661:
6647:
6624:
6593:
6525:
6487:
6459:
6426:
6417:
6354:10.1078/09447110260571733
5948:Chen A, Rogan WJ (2004).
4817:10.1207/s15327914nc5402_5
4462:10.1016/j.tem.2005.05.001
4310:10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.030
4263:Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol
3723:Chorleywood bread process
3397:
3199:Ethinyl-3β-androstanediol
3174:Ethinyl-3α-androstanediol
2928:19-Nortestosterone; 19-NT
1965:16α-Lactone-17β-estradiol
1565:4-Hydroxytamoxifen; 4-OHT
1390:Dihydrodiethylstilbestrol
1215:8,9-Dehydro-17β-estradiol
883:Estradiol 17β-glucuronide
837:Estradiol 3,17β-disulfate
737:16α-OH-E1; 17-Ketoestriol
512:16β-Hydroxy-17α-estradiol
487:16α-Hydroxy-17α-estradiol
462:16β-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol
304:
294:
288:
285:
280:
112:" (Greek οίστρος) means "
9203:Fulvestrant (ICI-182780)
9020:Methylpiperidinopyrazole
8973:Fulvestrant (ICI-182780)
8456:Resorcylic acid lactones
7679:Hydroxyestrone diacetate
7615:Etamestrol (eptamestrol)
6203:10.4142/jvs.2002.3.4.273
6077:The Journal of Nutrition
5870:The Journal of Nutrition
5240:The Journal of Nutrition
3826:
3746:This article or section
3555:, but also used to make
2343:0.0054 (<0.001–0.01)
2011:Methylpiperidinopyrazole
1815:Deaminohydroxytoremifene
1340:17α-Methyl-17β-estradiol
962:EB; Estradiol 3-benzoate
812:E2S; Estradiol 3-sulfate
412:E4; 15α,16α-Di-OH-17β-E2
93:Its name comes from the
8514:Synthetic xenoestrogens
8071:Triphenylchloroethylene
8006:Methestrol dipropionate
7534:Polyestradiol phosphate
6987:Perfluorinated compound
6244:10.1093/jaoac/89.4.1138
5829:Reproductive Toxicology
5772:Fertility and Sterility
5067:J Clin Endocrinol Metab
4746:10.1126/science.1246602
3869:and its close relative
3715:Mediterranean Countries
3328:7α-Methylnorethisterone
3256:0.085 (0.0015–<0.1)
2956:0.038 (<0.001–0.04)
1590:4-Chlorotamoxifen; 4-CT
1315:RU-2858; 11β-Methoxy-EE
1140:7-Dehydro-17α-estradiol
1115:7-Dehydro-17β-estradiol
858:Estradiol 3-glucuronide
8607:4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen
8602:2-Phenylbenzothiophene
8476:zeranol (α-zearalanol)
8179:phlorizin (phloridzin)
8066:Triphenylbromoethylene
7965:ICI-85966 (Stilbostat)
7546:Estramustine phosphate
7419:Bolandiol dipropionate
6813:α-Zearalanol (zeranol)
6681:Desmethylwedelolactone
6512:6,8-Diprenylnaringenin
6130:10.1542/peds.2008-0564
6090:10.1093/jn/134.5.1220S
6006:10.1001/jama.286.7.807
5451:10.1001/jama.2009.1783
5358:10.5306/wjco.v5.i4.705
4559:10.1074/jbc.M209483200
4025:Hughes CL (Jun 1988).
3303:7α-Methylnorethynodrel
3253:NET; 17α-Ethynyl-19-NT
3153:17α-Methyltestosterone
2949:Dehydroepiandrosterone
2906:0.01 (<0.001–0.05)
2903:DHT; 5α-Androstanolone
2827:0.01 (<0.001–0.02)
2065:8β-Vinyl-17β-estradiol
1990:16α-Iodo-17β-estradiol
1790:6720-CDRI; NNC-460,020
1511:Triphenylbromoethylene
1265:EE; 17α-Ethynyl-17β-E2
1012:Estrone 3-methyl ether
983:Estradiol 17β-benzoate
937:E1S; Estrone 3-sulfate
140:
8787:Miproxifene phosphate
8612:27-Hydroxycholesterol
8076:Triphenyliodoethylene
7620:Ethinylandrostenediol
7583:Estrogenic substances
7571:Polyestriol phosphate
7439:Cloxestradiol acetate
5883:10.1093/jn/134.6.1303
5590:Dabrowski WM (2004).
5253:10.1093/jn/131.6.1826
5079:10.1210/jc.2018-01880
4350:10.3390/toxins7083057
3811:, or other causes. A
3760:for more information.
138:
9446:Endocrine disruptors
8101:WAY-204688 (SIM-688)
7913:ERB-196 (WAY-202196)
7864:Dienestrol diacetate
7603:Estrone methyl ether
7509:Esterified estrogens
7451:Conjugated estrogens
7344:17β-Dihydroequilenin
7319:17α-Dihydroequilenin
7259:15α-Hydroxyestradiol
7254:11β-Methoxyestradiol
7229:8,9-Dehydroestradiol
6474:7,8-Dihydroxyflavone
5161:10.1038/ejcn.2012.36
4805:Nutrition and Cancer
3416:estradiol and human
3278:5(10)-Norethisterone
3203:17α-Ethynyl-3β-adiol
3178:17α-Ethynyl-3α-adiol
2090:ERB-041; WAY-202,041
1186:17α-Dihydroequilenin
1161:17β-Dihydroequilenin
1090:6,8-Didehydroestrone
1008:Estrone methyl ether
362:E1; 17-Ketoestradiol
34:is a plant-derived
9268:Propylpyrazoletriol
9183:Diarylpropionitrile
8031:Propylpyrazoletriol
7888:Dimethylstilbestrol
7854:Diarylpropionitrile
7664:Etynodiol diacetate
7364:Abiraterone acetate
7274:16α-Fluoroestradiol
6507:8-Geranylnaringenin
5500:2013PLoSO...881968F
4861:2004PChem..65..233V
4738:1976Sci...191...98S
4600:10.1359/jbmr.040120
4197:Johnston I (2003).
4043:10.1289/ehp.8878171
3428:See template page.
3228:P4; 4-Pregnenedione
3028:A4; Androstenedione
2899:Dihydrotestosterone
2881:<0.0001–<0.01
2878:T; 4-Androstenolone
2696:0.135 (0.002–4.23)
2693:0.0315 (0.008–1.0)
2296:0.6225 (0.010–1.2)
2271:0.7865 (0.04–17.1)
2140:SERBA-1; LY-500,307
2036:Diarylpropionitrile
1936:Propylpyrazoletriol
833:Estradiol disulfate
277:
190:Mechanism of action
9350:Diethylstilbestrol
9134:2-Methoxyestradiol
9065:TAS-108 (SR-16234)
9015:Methylepitiostanol
8953:EM-800 (SCH-57050)
8877:TAS-108 (SR-16234)
8597:2-Phenylbenzofuran
8211:8-prenylnaringenin
7871:Diethylstilbestrol
7529:Lipoidal estradiol
7504:ERA-63 (ORG-37663)
7446:Conjugated estriol
7391:methyltestosterone
7349:17β-Dihydroequilin
7324:17α-Dihydroequilin
7299:16β-Hydroxyestrone
7284:16α-Hydroxyestrone
7234:8,9-Dehydroestrone
7219:7α-Methylestradiol
7194:4-Methoxyestradiol
7184:4-Hydroxyestradiol
7159:3β-Hydroxytibolone
7154:3α-Hydroxytibolone
7124:2-Hydroxyestradiol
6502:6-Prenylnaringenin
6497:8-Prenylnaringenin
6083:(5): 1220S–1224S.
5633:10.1042/CS20000212
5294:10.3390/nu12082456
4699:Korach KS (1998).
4653:Chem. Res. Toxicol
4298:Food Chem. Toxicol
4240:10.1007/bf02909525
4111:. Academic Press.
4109:Plant Biochemistry
3838:Mediterranean diet
3374:3β-Hydroxytibolone
3349:3α-Hydroxytibolone
3149:Methyltestosterone
3128:5β-Androstanedione
3103:5α-Androstanedione
2978:A5; Androstenediol
2718:<0.001–<0.01
2361:8-Prenylnaringenin
2318:0.07 (0.029–0.10)
2293:0.04 (0.022–0.15)
2268:0.07 (0.0018–9.3)
2218:0.445 (0.0012–16)
2196:64.125 (0.41–185)
2193:9.225 (0.0117–94)
1921:21.65 (2.05–40.5)
1415:Dehydrostilbestrol
1371:219.63 (61.2–295)
1361:Diethylstilbestrol
1240:8,9-Dehydroestrone
1136:17α-Dihydroequilin
1111:17β-Dihydroequilin
958:Estradiol benzoate
733:16α-Hydroxyestrone
608:4-Methoxyestradiol
583:4-Hydroxyestradiol
558:2-Methoxyestradiol
533:2-Hydroxyestradiol
346:0.115 (0.04–0.24)
248:
196:estrogen receptors
141:
132:of grazing sheep.
9403:
9402:
9395:List of estrogens
9363:
9362:
9108:
9107:
8948:Cytestrol acetate
8171:isoliquiritigenin
8113:Unknown/unsorted:
7799:β-LGND2 (GTx-878)
7379:Anabolic steroids
7289:16α-Iodoestradiol
7179:4-Fluoroestradiol
7174:4-Androstenedione
7164:3β-Androstanediol
7139:3α-Androstanediol
7090:Estrogen receptor
7056:
7055:
6967:Pentachlorophenol
6855:
6854:
6846:
6789:
6788:
6277:978-981-02-2773-9
6170:978-0-521-36377-8
5718:(21): 5824–5885.
5601:978-0-8493-1904-4
5073:(11): 5393–5405.
4908:10.1021/np049783i
4710:978-0-8247-9857-4
4665:10.1021/tx800048m
4633:978-0-471-97683-7
4424:10.1002/jps.20987
4393:978-0-8493-3164-0
4208:978-0-8493-1754-5
4118:978-0-12-114856-0
4093:978-0-521-64387-0
4011:978-1-57444-508-4
4000:Yildiz F (2005).
3904:Ethnopharmacology
3866:Pueraria mirifica
3858:Ethnopharmacology
3803:) resulting from
3783:clinical evidence
3775:
3774:
3729:Effects on humans
3432:
3431:
3074:3β-Androstanediol
3049:3α-Androstanediol
3024:4-Androstenedione
2646:9.45 (2.43–31.5)
2346:0.15 (0.11–0.33)
2321:2.2 (0.002–3.00)
2246:0.85 (0.10–2.85)
1893:63.5 (3.70–97.7)
1486:Triphenylethylene
1368:129.5 (89.1–468)
1290:EE 3-methyl ether
1268:120.9 (68.8–480)
808:Estradiol sulfate
387:E3; 16α-OH-17β-E2
374:1.75 (0.35–9.24)
371:0.445 (0.3–1.01)
349:0.15 (0.10–2.08)
337:E2; 17β-Estradiol
16:(Redirected from
9453:
9262:2,2',5'-PCB-4-OH
9198:Ethinylestradiol
9124:
9123:
9120:
9116:
8857:Rimostil (P-081)
8667:Chlorotrianisene
8589:
8585:
8364:Metalloestrogens
8143:-related (e.g.,
7958:Hexestrol esters
7632:Ethinylestradiol
7524:Estradiol esters
7279:16α-Hydroxy-DHEA
7264:16-Ketoestradiol
7204:5-Androstenediol
7199:4-Methoxyestrone
7189:4-Hydroxyestrone
7169:4-Androstenediol
7129:2-Hydroxyestrone
7111:
7110:
7107:
7103:
7083:
7076:
7069:
7060:
7059:
6997:Metalloestrogens
6844:
6834:
6833:
6626:Dihydrochalcones
6489:Prenylflavonoids
6424:
6423:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6320:
6303:(6): 1156–1166.
6288:
6282:
6281:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6246:
6237:(4): 1138–1146.
6222:
6216:
6215:
6205:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6092:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6008:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5907:Acta Paediatrica
5902:
5896:
5895:
5885:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5844:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5787:
5763:
5754:
5753:
5727:
5703:
5694:
5693:
5683:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5621:Clinical Science
5612:
5606:
5605:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5570:
5553:(12): CD001395.
5538:
5532:
5531:
5521:
5511:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5462:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5370:
5360:
5336:
5325:
5324:
5314:
5296:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5255:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5163:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5122:(4): 1184–1187.
5107:
5101:
5100:
5090:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5041:
5009:
5003:
5002:
4974:
4965:
4964:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4919:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4732:(4222): 98–100.
4721:
4715:
4714:
4696:
4687:
4686:
4676:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4602:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4491:
4482:
4481:
4445:
4436:
4435:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4362:
4352:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4194:
4185:
4184:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4081:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4054:
4022:
4016:
4015:
3997:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3962:
3770:
3767:
3761:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3524:and soy products
3403:Binding affinity
3124:Etiocholanedione
2999:4-Androstenediol
2974:5-Androstenediol
2953:DHEA; Prasterone
2518:<0.001–0.0032
2493:<0.001–0.0875
2221:33.42 (0.86–87)
1568:100.1 (1.7–257)
1461:Chlorotrianisene
1365:DES; Stilbestrol
1261:Ethinylestradiol
1065:7-Dehydroestrone
783:4-Methoxyestriol
758:2-Hydroxyestriol
708:4-Methoxyestrone
683:4-Hydroxyestrone
658:2-Methoxyestrone
633:2-Hydroxyestrone
508:16,17-Epiestriol
465:7.795 (4.94–63)
396:0.45 (0.35–1.4)
390:12.65 (4.03–56)
278:
276:
269:
262:
255:
247:
158:prenylflavonoids
150:natural phenolic
44:endocrine system
21:
9461:
9460:
9456:
9455:
9454:
9452:
9451:
9450:
9406:
9405:
9404:
9399:
9359:
9338:
9302:
9118:
9104:
8938:7β-Hydroxy-DHEA
8921:
8757:Levormeloxifene
8587:
8580:
8574:
8490:deoxymiroestrol
8358:-hinokiresinol)
7996:Methallenestril
7898:Doisynolic acid
7699:Methylestradiol
7214:7α-Hydroxy-DHEA
7105:
7095:
7087:
7057:
7052:
6991:
6851:
6832:
6785:
6766:Deoxymiroestrol
6754:
6736:
6713:
6690:
6657:
6643:
6620:
6589:
6521:
6483:
6455:
6413:
6408:
6378:
6377:
6338:
6334:
6289:
6285:
6278:
6264:
6260:
6223:
6219:
6182:
6178:
6171:
6157:
6153:
6110:
6106:
6069:
6065:
6026:
6022:
5985:
5981:
5946:
5942:
5913:(441): 93–100.
5903:
5899:
5862:
5858:
5821:
5817:
5764:
5757:
5704:
5697:
5652:
5648:
5613:
5609:
5602:
5588:
5584:
5539:
5535:
5480:
5476:
5445:(22): 2437–43.
5431:
5427:
5398:(9083): 990–4.
5388:
5384:
5337:
5328:
5273:
5269:
5232:
5228:
5213:
5197:
5193:
5139:
5135:
5108:
5104:
5059:
5055:
5010:
5006:
4975:
4968:
4937:
4933:
4902:(12): 2024–32.
4888:
4884:
4844:
4840:
4801:
4797:
4782:10.1071/RD00041
4765:
4761:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4697:
4690:
4645:
4641:
4634:
4620:
4616:
4579:
4575:
4538:
4531:
4496:Obesity Reviews
4492:
4485:
4446:
4439:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4382:Naz RK (1999).
4380:
4376:
4343:(8): 3057–111.
4329:
4325:
4294:
4290:
4259:
4255:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4195:
4188:
4165:
4161:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4072:
4068:
4023:
4019:
4012:
3998:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3899:
3860:
3846:
3829:
3813:Cochrane review
3801:hypoestrogenism
3796:epidemiological
3791:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3756:Please see the
3755:
3742:
3731:
3700:
3664:Bourbon whiskey
3499:
3482:
3437:
3381:1.6 (0.75–1.9)
3356:2.5 (1.06–5.0)
3306:0.5 (0.45–2.0)
3259:0.1 (0.01–0.3)
3234:<0.001–0.010
3099:Androstanedione
2884:<0.002–0.040
2643:7.68 (2.04–28)
2568:0.6 (0.032–13)
2496:<0.001–0.016
2461:Deoxymiroestrol
2030:ERα antagonist
1943:49 (10.0–89.1)
1918:43.5 (9.4–325)
1786:Levormeloxifene
1696:5.34 (0.54–16)
1640:F-6066; Sexovid
1618:25 (19.2–37.2)
1574:2.3 (0.1–3.61)
1436:Benzestrol (B2)
1393:153.6 (31–302)
1336:Methylestradiol
1271:44.4 (2.0–144)
933:Estrone sulfate
665:<0.001–<1
490:55.45 (29–103)
399:0.7 (0.63–0.7)
393:26 (14.0–44.6)
365:16.39 (0.7–60)
301:
274:
273:
192:
152:compounds: the
146:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9459:
9449:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9421:Phytochemicals
9418:
9416:Phytoestrogens
9401:
9400:
9398:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9368:
9365:
9364:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9357:
9352:
9346:
9344:
9340:
9339:
9337:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9310:
9308:
9304:
9303:
9301:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9228:Hydroxytyrosol
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9130:
9128:
9121:
9110:
9109:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9093:
9092:
9083:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8943:Chloroindazole
8940:
8935:
8929:
8927:
8923:
8922:
8920:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8862:Spironolactone
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8593:
8591:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8563:Others (e.g.,
8561:
8511:
8497:
8483:
8453:
8435:
8413:
8371:
8361:
8339:
8334:
8291:liquiritigenin
8200:
8186:
8164:
8138:Xenoestrogens:
8134:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8109:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8011:Paroxypropione
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7980:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7923:Estrobin (DBE)
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7814:Allenolic acid
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7772:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7719:Norethisterone
7716:
7711:
7709:Mytatrienediol
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7654:Ethylestradiol
7651:
7649:Ethinylestriol
7646:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7629:
7628:
7627:
7617:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7598:Estrone esters
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7566:Estriol esters
7558:
7553:
7551:Estrapronicate
7548:
7543:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7376:
7371:
7369:Alestramustine
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7269:16-Ketoestrone
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7117:
7115:
7108:
7097:
7096:
7086:
7085:
7078:
7071:
7063:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7001:
6999:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6982:Propyl gallate
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6847:-Penicillamine
6840:
6838:
6831:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6799:
6797:
6791:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6783:
6781:α-Isosparteine
6778:
6773:
6768:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6723:
6721:
6719:Flavonolignans
6715:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6700:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6667:
6665:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6613:
6599:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6531:
6529:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6493:
6491:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6465:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6441:Liquiritigenin
6438:
6432:
6430:
6421:
6419:Phytoestrogens
6415:
6414:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6384:
6376:
6375:
6348:(5): 461–467.
6332:
6283:
6276:
6258:
6217:
6196:(4): 273–277.
6176:
6169:
6151:
6104:
6063:
6020:
5979:
5940:
5897:
5856:
5815:
5778:(4): 570–577.
5755:
5695:
5646:
5607:
5600:
5592:Toxins in Food
5582:
5533:
5494:(11): e81968.
5474:
5425:
5382:
5326:
5267:
5246:(6): 1826–32.
5226:
5211:
5191:
5154:(8): 932–941.
5133:
5116:Food Chemistry
5102:
5053:
5024:(2): 123–130.
5004:
4966:
4931:
4882:
4849:Phytochemistry
4838:
4811:(2): 184–201.
4795:
4776:(3–4): 191–9.
4759:
4716:
4709:
4688:
4639:
4632:
4614:
4573:
4529:
4483:
4437:
4418:(8): 1879–85.
4399:
4392:
4374:
4337:Toxins (Basel)
4323:
4288:
4269:(3): 253–306.
4253:
4234:(9): 812–819.
4214:
4207:
4186:
4175:(4): 128–134.
4159:
4124:
4117:
4099:
4092:
4066:
4017:
4010:
3979:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3924:Phytoandrogens
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3859:
3856:
3845:
3844:Infant formula
3842:
3828:
3825:
3790:
3787:
3773:
3772:
3745:
3743:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3719:United Kingdom
3707:
3706:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3683:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3525:
3518:
3498:
3495:
3481:
3478:
3473:food additives
3457:sesquiterpenes
3436:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3281:0.5 (0.3–0.7)
3279:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:Norethisterone
3245:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2849:Hydroxychlor;
2847:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2824:-Dimethoxy-DDT
2819:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2393:<0.001–0.01
2391:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:41.2 (7.8–69)
1691:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1571:10 (0.98–339)
1569:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1546:3.33 (0.28–6)
1544:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:37 (20.4–223)
1416:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:13 (4.0–28.9)
1066:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
954:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
879:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
829:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
804:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
779:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
754:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
729:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
679:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
654:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
629:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
604:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
579:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
529:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
504:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
440:20.5 (7–80.1)
438:
435:
429:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
404:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
368:6.5 (1.36–52)
366:
363:
360:
354:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
329:
328:
323:
318:
313:
307:
306:
303:
299:
293:
287:
284:
272:
271:
264:
257:
249:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
191:
188:
145:
142:
106:female mammals
100:("plant") and
26:
18:Phytoestrogens
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9458:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9426:Endocrinology
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9411:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9370:
9369:
9366:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9347:
9345:
9341:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9311:
9309:
9305:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9263:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9178:
9174:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9125:
9122:
9117:
9111:
9101:
9098:
9095:
9094:
9091:
9088:
9085:
9084:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8995:
8991:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8924:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8842:Pipendoxifene
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8677:Clomifenoxide
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8652:Brilanestrant
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8592:
8586:
8577:
8570:
8566:
8562:
8559:
8555:
8551:
8547:
8543:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8515:
8512:
8509:
8505:
8501:
8498:
8495:
8491:
8488:-like (e.g.,
8487:
8484:
8481:
8477:
8473:
8469:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8454:
8451:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8436:
8433:
8432:guggulsterone
8429:
8425:
8421:
8417:
8416:Phytosteroids
8414:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8399:
8395:
8391:
8387:
8383:
8379:
8375:
8372:
8369:
8365:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8351:
8350:enterolactone
8347:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8332:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8264:
8260:
8256:
8252:
8248:
8244:
8240:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8204:
8201:
8198:
8194:
8190:
8187:
8184:
8183:wedelolactone
8180:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8165:
8162:
8161:photoanethole
8158:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8142:
8139:
8136:
8135:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8110:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8016:Pentafluranol
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7985:
7981:
7979:
7977:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7872:
7869:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7776:Nonsteroidal:
7774:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7634:
7633:
7630:
7626:
7625:Ethandrostate
7623:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7478:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7435:
7434:Cloxestradiol
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7314:
7310:
7309:17α-Estradiol
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7112:
7109:
7104:
7098:
7094:
7091:
7084:
7079:
7077:
7072:
7070:
7065:
7064:
7061:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7039:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7015:
7012:
7009:
7006:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6848:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6835:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6795:Mycoestrogens
6792:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6733:
6732:Cinchonain-Ib
6730:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6716:
6710:
6709:Enterolactone
6707:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6687:
6686:Wedelolactone
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6592:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6411:Xenoestrogens
6405:
6400:
6398:
6393:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6342:Phytomedicine
6336:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6287:
6279:
6273:
6269:
6262:
6254:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6221:
6213:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6180:
6172:
6166:
6162:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6124:(5): 1062–8.
6123:
6119:
6115:
6108:
6100:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6067:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6024:
6016:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5999:(7): 807–14.
5998:
5994:
5990:
5983:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5944:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5901:
5893:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5876:(6): 1303–8.
5875:
5871:
5867:
5860:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5819:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5762:
5760:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5702:
5700:
5691:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5666:(4): 400–19.
5665:
5661:
5657:
5650:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5611:
5603:
5597:
5593:
5586:
5578:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5537:
5529:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5478:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5429:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5386:
5378:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5351:(4): 705–12.
5350:
5346:
5342:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5271:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5212:1-84569-143-1
5208:
5204:
5203:
5195:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5137:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5106:
5098:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5049:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5008:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4985:(4): 337–44.
4984:
4980:
4973:
4971:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4947:(6): 1207–9.
4946:
4942:
4935:
4927:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4855:(2): 233–41.
4854:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4720:
4712:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4693:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4635:
4629:
4625:
4618:
4610:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4593:(5): 853–61.
4592:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4534:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4490:
4488:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4456:(5): 207–13.
4455:
4451:
4444:
4442:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4404:
4395:
4389:
4385:
4378:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4257:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4210:
4204:
4200:
4193:
4191:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4128:
4120:
4114:
4110:
4103:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4070:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4013:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3967:
3966:"Isoflavones"
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:Plant hormone
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:Mycoestrogens
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3852:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3786:
3784:
3779:
3769:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3643:Licorice root
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:Wheat berries
3542:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3480:Avian studies
3477:
3474:
3470:
3469:Xenoestrogens
3464:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3412:systems with
3411:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3334:0.027–<0.1
3333:
3331:0.069–<0.1
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Norethynodrel
3272:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3231:<0.001–0.6
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:Xenoestrogen
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2839:Xenoestrogen
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2811:Xenoestrogen
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2783:Xenoestrogen
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2755:Xenoestrogen
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:Xenoestrogen
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2705:Xenoestrogen
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2680:Xenoestrogen
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:Xenoestrogen
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2630:Xenoestrogen
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2618:16 (13–17.8)
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:Xenoestrogen
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:Xenoestrogen
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2555:Xenoestrogen
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2543:48 (13–52.5)
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:Xenoestrogen
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:Xenoestrogen
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2480:Xenoestrogen
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:Xenoestrogen
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2430:Xenoestrogen
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2405:Xenoestrogen
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2380:Xenoestrogen
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:Xenoestrogen
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2330:Xenoestrogen
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2305:Xenoestrogen
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:Xenoestrogen
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2255:Xenoestrogen
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:Xenoestrogen
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:Xenoestrogen
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:Antiestrogen
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:Antiestrogen
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1143:18.6 (18–41)
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
484:
483:17-Epiestriol
481:
480:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
459:
458:16-Epiestriol
456:
455:
451:
448:
445:
443:8.195 (2–42)
442:
439:
437:17α-Estradiol
436:
434:
431:
430:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
297:
292:(RBA, %)
291:
283:
279:
270:
265:
263:
258:
256:
251:
250:
246:
244:
240:
235:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
214:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
187:
185:
184:
179:
178:Mycoestrogens
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
137:
133:
131:
127:
122:
117:
115:
114:sexual desire
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:phytoestrogen
19:
9096:
9086:
9010:Mepitiostane
8958:Epitiostanol
8827:Ormeloxifene
8752:Lasofoxifene
8662:Camizestrant
8657:Broparestrol
8647:Bazedoxifene
8569:rotundifuran
8518:alkylphenols
8468:β-zearalenol
8464:α-zearalenol
8450:stigmasterol
8442:β-sitosterol
8438:Phytosterols
8406:triclocarban
8402:methoxychlor
8355:
8337:Lavender oil
8331:tectorigenin
8263:formononetin
8137:
8112:
7983:
7975:
7775:
7759:Quinestradol
7749:Promestriene
7724:Noretynodrel
7588:Estromustine
7541:Estramustine
7476:
7383:testosterone
7120:
6942:Methoxychlor
6867:Alkylphenols
6828:β-Zearalenol
6823:β-Zearalanol
6818:α-Zearalenol
6607:
6585:Tectorigenin
6550:Formononetin
6345:
6341:
6335:
6300:
6296:
6286:
6267:
6261:
6234:
6230:
6220:
6193:
6189:
6179:
6160:
6154:
6121:
6117:
6107:
6080:
6076:
6066:
6036:(2): 191–6.
6033:
6029:
6023:
5996:
5992:
5982:
5960:(1): 33–54.
5957:
5953:
5943:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5873:
5869:
5859:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5775:
5771:
5715:
5711:
5663:
5659:
5649:
5627:(6): 613–8.
5624:
5620:
5610:
5591:
5585:
5550:
5546:
5536:
5491:
5487:
5477:
5442:
5438:
5428:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5348:
5344:
5284:
5280:
5270:
5243:
5239:
5229:
5201:
5194:
5151:
5147:
5136:
5119:
5115:
5105:
5070:
5066:
5056:
5021:
5017:
5007:
4982:
4978:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4852:
4848:
4841:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4700:
4659:(1): 52–63.
4656:
4652:
4642:
4623:
4617:
4590:
4586:
4576:
4552:(2): 962–7.
4549:
4545:
4502:(3): 342–9.
4499:
4495:
4453:
4449:
4415:
4411:
4383:
4377:
4340:
4336:
4326:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4231:
4227:
4217:
4198:
4172:
4169:N. Z. Vet. J
4168:
4162:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4108:
4102:
4077:
4069:
4034:
4030:
4020:
4001:
3970:. Retrieved
3891:black cohosh
3864:
3861:
3847:
3830:
3805:oophorectomy
3792:
3780:
3776:
3763:
3751:
3747:
3708:
3690:green manure
3613:Pomegranates
3539:Sesame seeds
3515:
3500:
3497:Food sources
3483:
3465:
3445:phytoalexins
3438:
3425:
3407:
3398:
3393:Progestogen
3368:Progestogen
3343:Progestogen
3318:Progestogen
3293:Progestogen
3284:<0.1–0.22
3268:Progestogen
3243:Progestogen
3224:Progesterone
2912:221–>5000
2874:Testosterone
2850:
2821:
2817:Methoxychlor
2789:
2761:
2615:β-Zearalanol
2590:α-Zearalanol
2561:β-Zearalenol
2536:α-Zearalenol
2486:β-Sitosterol
2180:ERβ agonist
2155:ERβ agonist
2130:ERβ agonist
2105:ERβ agonist
2080:ERβ agonist
2055:ERβ agonist
2005:ERα agonist
1980:ERα agonist
1955:ERα agonist
1836:Bazedoxifene
1761:Ormeloxifene
1736:Lasofoxifene
1033:
236:
232:
212:
202:) and beta (
193:
181:
147:
118:
108:. The word "
101:
97:
92:
36:xenoestrogen
31:
29:
9355:Zearalenone
9307:Antagonists
9283:Resveratrol
9248:Nonylphenol
9243:Niacinamide
9159:Bisphenol A
9149:Aldosterone
8978:Glyceollins
8926:Antagonists
8917:Zuclomifene
8912:Zindoxifene
8822:NNC 45-1506
8817:NNC 45-0781
8812:NNC 45-0320
8807:NNC 45-0095
8802:Nitromifene
8782:Miproxifene
8732:Fispemifene
8707:Enclomifene
8702:Droloxifene
8682:CN-55945-27
8627:Afimoxifene
8617:Acefluranol
8508:rhaponticin
8504:resveratrol
8500:Stilbenoids
8472:zearalenone
8460:zearalanone
8446:campesterol
8378:alternariol
8311:pinocembrin
8255:epicatechin
8227:biochanin A
8167:Chalconoids
8061:Terfluranol
8036:Quadrosilan
7908:Elacestrant
7809:Allenestrol
7684:Lynestrenol
7608:Estropipate
7578:Estrofurate
7429:Clomestrone
7409:Atrimustine
7359:Abiraterone
7313:alfatradiol
6947:Nonylphenol
6927:Erythrosine
6892:Bisphenol S
6887:Bisphenol F
6882:Bisphenol A
6837:Derivatives
6808:Zearalenone
6803:Zearalanone
6776:Resveratrol
6649:Isoflavenes
6595:Isoflavanes
6535:Biochanin A
6527:Isoflavones
6451:Pinocembrin
5287:(8): 2456.
4304:(1): 1–18.
4140:(1): 2–12.
3909:Isoflavones
3817:hot flashes
3451:(common in
3441:benzofurans
2909:0.0059–0.17
2740:Chlordecone
2686:Bisphenol A
2661:Zearalanone
2636:Zearalenone
2511:Resveratrol
2411:Ipriflavone
2396:0.002–0.040
2286:Biochanin A
2115:WAY-202,196
1986:16α-Iodo-E2
1915:ICI-182,780
1911:Fulvestrant
1886:ICI-164,384
1765:Centchroman
1561:Afimoxifene
1543:3 (0.1–47)
1211:Δ-Estradiol
1040:1-Estradiol
952:Metabolite
927:Metabolite
902:Metabolite
877:Metabolite
852:Metabolite
827:Metabolite
802:Metabolite
777:Metabolite
752:Metabolite
727:Metabolite
702:Metabolite
677:Metabolite
652:Metabolite
627:Metabolite
602:Metabolite
577:Metabolite
552:Metabolite
527:Metabolite
502:Metabolite
477:Metabolite
452:Metabolite
433:Alfatradiol
286:Other names
162:isoflavones
124:clover and
60:soy protein
38:(a type of
9410:Categories
9298:Tectoridin
9278:Raloxifene
9253:Oleuropein
9100:Trilostane
9045:Prochloraz
9005:MDL-101906
9000:ICI-164384
8887:Trioxifene
8882:Toremifene
8852:Raloxifene
8837:Panomifene
8832:Ospemifene
8797:Nafoxidine
8687:Cyclofenil
8642:Arzoxifene
8622:Acolbifene
8554:phthalates
8522:bisphenols
8494:miroestrol
8398:methiocarb
8386:endosulfan
8374:Pesticides
8346:enterodiol
8327:tectoridin
8307:penduletin
8303:naringenin
8287:kaempferol
8203:Flavonoids
8197:psoralidin
8193:coumestrol
8189:Coumestans
8153:dianethole
8106:WAY-214156
8096:WAY-200070
8091:WAY-169916
8086:WAY-166818
8056:SKF-82,958
8021:Phenestrol
8001:Methestrol
7986:-Hexestrol
7978:-Butestrol
7859:Dienestrol
7839:Carbestrol
7824:Bifluranol
7819:Benzestrol
7764:Quinestrol
7714:Nilestriol
7556:Estrazinol
7489:Epimestrol
7479:-Estradiol
7461:Cyclotriol
7399:nandrolone
7374:Almestrone
7209:7-Oxo-DHEA
7121:Steroidal:
7093:modulators
6977:Phthalates
6932:Heptachlor
6922:Enzacamene
6917:Endosulfan
6771:Miroestrol
6704:Enterodiol
6676:Coumestrol
6663:Coumestans
6446:Naringenin
6436:Hesperetin
6428:Flavanones
6118:Pediatrics
3941:References
3887:red clover
3686:Red clover
3618:Wheat germ
3598:Mung beans
3551:(contains
3459:, such as
3449:medicarpin
3447:, such as
3399:Footnotes:
3324:Δ-Tibolone
3156:<0.0001
2959:0.019–0.07
2924:Nandrolone
2771:0.0073–0.4
2743:0.0069–0.2
2711:Endosulfan
2436:Miroestrol
2336:Naringenin
2311:Kaempferol
2186:Coumestrol
2086:Prinaberel
1811:Ospemifene
1740:CP-336,156
1715:LY-353,381
1711:Arzoxifene
1699:0.188–0.52
1686:Raloxifene
1661:Nafoxidine
1636:Cyclofenil
1586:Toremifene
1540:ICI-46,474
1411:Dienestrol
1046:9.44–80.07
1043:1.31–12.34
1036:-Estradiol
590:13 (8–70)
565:0.0027–2.0
540:22 (7–81)
170:red clover
154:coumestans
126:red clover
52:estrogenic
9441:Nutrition
9436:Nutrients
9431:Estrogens
9293:Tamoxifen
9273:Quercetin
9213:Genistein
9193:Estradiol
9177:o',p'-DDE
9080:ZK-191703
9075:ZK-164015
9035:Phenytoin
8933:(R,R)-THC
8872:Tamoxifen
8847:Promensil
8772:LY-117018
8747:Idoxifene
8742:ICI-55548
8727:Femarelle
8712:Endoxifen
8672:Clomifene
8428:diosgenin
8424:digitalis
8420:digitoxin
8410:triclosan
8390:fenarimol
8323:quercetin
8299:myricetin
8295:mirificin
8283:glycitein
8275:genistein
8271:glabridin
8231:calycosin
8219:baicalein
8175:phloretin
8131:ZK-283197
7991:Mestilbol
7953:Hexestrol
7928:Fenestrel
7903:Efavirenz
7834:Butestrol
7789:2,8-DHHHC
7784:(S,S)-THC
7779:(R,R)-THC
7734:Pentolame
7729:Orestrate
7704:Moxestrol
7694:Mestranol
7659:Etynodiol
7519:Estradiol
7494:Equilenin
7456:Cyclodiol
7414:Bolandiol
7004:Aluminium
6860:Synthetic
6750:Quercetin
6742:Flavonols
6671:Coumestan
6639:Phlorizin
6634:Phloretin
6616:Glabridin
6565:Glycitein
6555:Genistein
6479:Mirificin
6297:Menopause
5835:: 60–67.
5794:0015-0282
5750:232408113
5734:1040-8398
5303:2072-6643
5281:Nutrients
5221:236341936
5170:0954-3007
5030:1724-8914
4037:: 171–4.
3821:genistein
3809:menopause
3758:talk page
3623:Rice bran
3553:diosgenin
3549:Fenugreek
3461:capsidiol
3384:0.070–0.1
3309:0.2–0.076
3218:Estrogen
3193:Estrogen
3168:Androgen
3143:Androgen
3140:>10000
3137:>10000
3118:Androgen
3115:>10000
3112:>10000
3093:Androgen
3068:Androgen
3043:Androgen
3040:>10000
3037:>10000
3018:Androgen
2993:Androgen
2968:Androgen
2943:Androgen
2918:Androgen
2893:Androgen
2830:0.01–0.13
2611:Taleranol
2386:Quercetin
2243:0.2–0.287
2211:Genistein
2202:0.07–27.0
2199:0.14–80.0
2136:Erteberel
2043:0.12–0.25
1821:0.59–1.22
1818:0.82–2.63
1665:U-11,000A
1611:Clomifene
1599:7.14–20.3
1536:Tamoxifen
1530:Estrogen
1505:Estrogen
1480:Estrogen
1455:Estrogen
1430:Estrogen
1405:Estrogen
1386:Hexestrol
1380:Estrogen
1355:Estrogen
1330:Estrogen
1311:Moxestrol
1305:Estrogen
1286:Mestranol
1280:Estrogen
1277:0.29–0.81
1274:0.02–0.05
1255:Estrogen
1236:Δ-Estrone
1230:Estrogen
1205:Estrogen
1180:Estrogen
1155:Estrogen
1130:Estrogen
1105:Estrogen
1086:Equilenin
1080:Estrogen
1055:Estrogen
1027:Estrogen
1002:Estrogen
977:Estrogen
912:E2-3G-17S
427:Estrogen
402:Estrogen
377:Estrogen
352:Estrogen
333:Estradiol
243:genistein
144:Structure
130:fecundity
56:nutrients
48:estradiol
9371:See also
9173:p,p'-DDT
9164:Daidzein
9154:Atrazine
9127:Agonists
9055:RU-58668
9050:RU-39411
8897:U-11555A
8892:TZE-5323
8637:Anordrin
8632:Anordiol
8565:agnuside
8542:parabens
8382:dieldrin
8354:nyasol (
8319:puerarin
8315:prunetin
8279:genistin
8267:glabrene
8239:daidzein
8235:catechin
8223:baicalin
8215:apigenin
8145:anethole
7933:FERb 033
7769:Tibolone
7754:RU-16117
7739:Prodiame
7674:Hippulin
7669:Hexolame
7514:Estetrol
7424:Butolame
7114:Agonists
7049:Vanadate
7043:Selenite
7020:Chromium
7010:Arsenite
7007:Antimony
6952:Parabens
6907:Dieldrin
6872:Atrazine
6655:Glabrene
6580:Puerarin
6575:Prunetin
6560:Genistin
6540:Daidzein
6517:Icaritin
6469:Acacetin
6461:Flavones
6370:24786174
6362:12222669
6327:19609225
6253:16915857
6212:12819377
6138:18450914
6099:15113975
6058:43304969
6050:15055353
6015:11497534
5974:15189112
5935:25762109
5927:14599051
5892:15173388
5851:33383165
5810:52179133
5802:30196939
5742:33775173
5690:20347861
5641:11352776
5577:24323914
5568:10247921
5528:24312387
5488:PLOS ONE
5469:19996398
5420:12158051
5377:25302172
5321:32824177
5262:11385074
5186:24241153
5178:22510793
5097:31393563
5048:22461212
4926:15620245
4877:14732284
4825:16898863
4790:11302429
4683:19063592
4609:15068509
4568:12421816
4524:13804244
4516:19207876
4478:35366615
4470:15922618
4432:17518366
4369:26274974
4318:17045381
4248:39917693
4154:21028682
3972:6 August
3897:See also
3875:Angelica
3834:motility
3766:May 2023
3704:Lavender
3557:Testofen
3522:Soybeans
3426:Sources:
3409:in-vitro
3299:Tibolone
3184:<0.07
3134:<0.01
3131:<0.01
3109:<0.01
3106:<0.01
3078:3β-Adiol
3053:3α-Adiol
3034:<0.01
3031:<0.01
2962:245–1053
2890:>5000
2887:>5000
2721:<0.01
2421:<0.01
2418:<0.01
2261:Daidzein
2227:0.3–12.8
1861:Etacstil
1743:10.2–166
1577:0.04–4.8
1549:3.4–9.69
787:4-MeO-E3
712:4-MeO-E1
662:2-MeO-E1
612:4-MeO-E2
562:2-MeO-E2
449:0.43–1.2
446:0.2–0.52
408:Estetrol
208:affinity
183:Fusarium
121:estrogen
102:estrogen
40:estrogen
9343:Unknown
9319:Estriol
9223:GPER-L2
9218:GPER-L1
8902:U-11634
8777:Menerba
8767:LN-2299
8762:LN-1643
8737:GW-7604
8692:D-15413
8524:(e.g.,
8516:(e.g.,
8502:(e.g.,
8486:Steroid
8458:(e.g.,
8440:(e.g.,
8418:(e.g.,
8376:(e.g.,
8368:cadmium
8366:(e.g.,
8344:(e.g.,
8342:Lignans
8243:daidzin
8207:7,8-DHF
8205:(incl.
8191:(e.g.,
8169:(e.g.,
8051:SERBA-2
8046:SC-4289
8041:SC-3296
7948:GTx-758
7844:D-15414
7794:β-LGND1
7744:Prolame
7593:Estrone
7561:Estriol
7499:Equilin
7381:(e.g.,
7294:16α-LE2
7037:Mercury
7016:Cadmium
6937:Lindane
6912:Dioxins
6727:Silybin
6696:Lignans
6545:Daidzin
6318:2783540
6146:1482728
5681:3074428
5519:3842968
5496:Bibcode
5460:2874068
5412:9329514
5368:4129534
5312:7468963
5088:6773459
5039:2781234
4999:6999244
4961:8116832
4917:7418824
4857:Bibcode
4754:1246602
4734:Bibcode
4726:Science
4674:2758355
4360:4549740
4283:2961013
4061:3203635
4052:1474615
3789:Females
3696:Spinach
3653:Ginseng
3608:Carrots
3593:Alfalfa
3578:Lentils
3533:Linseed
3503:legumes
3455:), and
3453:legumes
3435:Ecology
3414:labeled
3359:0.6–0.8
2965:163–515
2915:73–1688
2856:1.2–1.7
2853:-OH-DDT
2586:Zeranol
2224:2.6–126
2161:SERBA-2
2111:ERB-196
2071:22.0–83
1968:14.6–57
1961:16α-LE2
1865:GW-5638
1668:30.9–44
1643:151–152
1121:7.9–108
1118:7.9–113
1071:13.0–49
1061:Equilin
762:2-OH-E3
740:2.0–6.5
690:1.0–2.0
687:4-OH-E1
643:0.2–0.4
640:2.0–4.0
637:2-OH-E1
587:4-OH-E2
537:2-OH-E2
383:Estriol
358:Estrone
305:Action
174:Lignans
88:carrots
9238:Niacin
9233:Kepone
9090:ERX-11
9060:SS1020
8968:ERB-88
8963:ERA-90
8867:SS1010
8792:MRL-37
8157:dianol
8126:ERB-79
8121:ERA-45
8116:ERB-26
7849:DCW234
7804:AC-186
7471:DHEA-S
7403:esters
7387:esters
7239:8β-VE2
7040:Nickel
7030:Copper
7025:Cobalt
7013:Barium
6759:Others
6610:-Equol
6570:Ononin
6368:
6360:
6325:
6315:
6274:
6251:
6210:
6167:
6144:
6136:
6097:
6056:
6048:
6013:
5972:
5933:
5925:
5890:
5849:
5808:
5800:
5792:
5748:
5740:
5732:
5688:
5678:
5639:
5598:
5575:
5565:
5526:
5516:
5467:
5457:
5418:
5410:
5392:Lancet
5375:
5365:
5319:
5309:
5301:
5260:
5219:
5209:
5184:
5176:
5168:
5095:
5085:
5046:
5036:
5028:
4997:
4959:
4924:
4914:
4875:
4831:
4823:
4788:
4752:
4707:
4681:
4671:
4630:
4607:
4566:
4522:
4514:
4476:
4468:
4430:
4390:
4367:
4357:
4316:
4281:
4246:
4205:
4152:
4115:
4090:
4086:–100.
4059:
4049:
4008:
3914:Lignan
3881:, and
3879:fennel
3750:
3675:Fennel
3638:Coffee
3603:Apples
3568:Barley
3535:(flax)
3528:Tempeh
3490:Parrot
3401:= (1)
2736:Kepone
2593:48–111
2061:8β-VE2
2046:6.6–18
1615:MRL-41
1421:56–404
1396:60–234
1171:90–100
1096:7.0–20
1093:2.0–15
987:E2-17B
949:>10
946:>10
915:0.0001
890:0.0015
887:E2-17G
865:0.0079
840:0.0004
282:Ligand
110:estrus
84:apples
80:coffee
72:barley
9314:CCL18
9188:Equol
9070:ZB716
9040:PHTPP
8907:Y-134
8584:SERMs
8579:Mixed
8259:equol
8141:Anise
7970:M2613
6603:Equol
6366:S2CID
6142:S2CID
6054:S2CID
5931:S2CID
5806:S2CID
5746:S2CID
5416:S2CID
5182:S2CID
4833:60328
4829:S2CID
4520:S2CID
4474:S2CID
4244:S2CID
3883:anise
3871:kudzu
3827:Males
3680:Anise
3633:Kudzu
3628:Lupin
3573:Beans
3486:quail
2236:Equol
2096:67–72
1971:0.089
1880:SERM
1855:SERM
1849:0.053
1830:SERM
1805:SERM
1780:SERM
1774:0.313
1755:SERM
1749:0.229
1730:SERM
1724:0.179
1705:SERM
1680:SERM
1655:SERM
1630:SERM
1605:SERM
1580:SERM
1555:SERM
1493:0.074
1474:15.30
1318:35–43
1168:35–68
1146:14–32
1015:0.145
943:<1
940:<1
862:E2-3G
818:<1
815:<1
718:<1
715:<1
668:<1
543:11–35
493:79–80
302:, nM)
98:phyto
95:Greek
64:beans
9334:MIBE
9329:G-36
9324:G-15
9258:PCBs
9115:GPER
9025:MIBE
8558:PCBs
8550:PHBA
8546:PBBs
8394:HPTE
8251:EGCG
8149:anol
7984:meso
7976:meso
7466:DHEA
7401:and
7385:and
7034:Lead
6972:PHBA
6962:PCBs
6957:PBBs
6358:PMID
6323:PMID
6272:ISBN
6249:PMID
6208:PMID
6165:ISBN
6134:PMID
6095:PMID
6046:PMID
6011:PMID
5993:JAMA
5970:PMID
5923:PMID
5888:PMID
5847:PMID
5798:PMID
5790:ISSN
5738:PMID
5730:ISSN
5686:PMID
5637:PMID
5596:ISBN
5573:PMID
5551:2013
5524:PMID
5465:PMID
5439:JAMA
5408:PMID
5373:PMID
5317:PMID
5299:ISSN
5258:PMID
5217:OCLC
5207:ISBN
5174:PMID
5166:ISSN
5093:PMID
5044:PMID
5026:ISSN
4995:PMID
4957:PMID
4922:PMID
4873:PMID
4821:PMID
4786:PMID
4750:PMID
4705:ISBN
4679:PMID
4628:ISBN
4605:PMID
4564:PMID
4512:PMID
4466:PMID
4428:PMID
4388:ISBN
4365:PMID
4314:PMID
4279:PMID
4203:ISBN
4150:PMID
4113:ISBN
4088:ISBN
4057:PMID
4006:ISBN
3974:2022
3669:Beer
3658:Hops
3648:Mint
3588:Rice
3583:Yams
3563:Oats
3511:tofu
3507:Flax
3443:and
3420:and
3265:1084
3056:0.07
2934:0.23
2931:0.01
2851:p,p'
2845:HPTE
2822:p,p'
2799:0.03
2792:-DDT
2790:p,p'
2764:-DDT
2762:o,p'
2668:0.51
2443:0.39
2365:8-PN
2277:85.3
2177:1.54
2174:14.5
2152:0.19
2149:2.68
2093:0.27
2077:0.50
2074:12.9
2068:0.35
2049:32.4
2021:0.05
1996:2.30
1993:30.2
1974:0.27
1952:92.8
1949:0.40
1946:0.12
1924:0.42
1902:0.08
1871:11.5
1868:4.30
1796:1.88
1793:1.55
1746:19.0
1702:20.2
1602:15.4
1518:2.69
1515:TPBE
1468:1.74
1465:TACE
1427:0.03
1424:0.05
1402:0.06
1399:0.06
1377:0.05
1374:0.04
1321:5–20
1252:0.57
1249:0.52
1227:0.25
1224:0.15
1202:0.37
1199:0.50
1177:0.20
1174:0.15
1152:0.57
1149:0.24
1127:0.17
1124:0.09
1102:0.62
1099:0.64
1077:0.36
1074:0.79
993:32.6
990:11.3
593:7–56
204:ER-β
200:ER-α
168:and
160:and
76:rice
68:oats
9288:STX
9208:G-1
9169:DDT
8990:III
8538:DDT
8536:),
8534:BPS
8530:BPF
8526:BPA
8426:),
8356:cis
8247:ECG
7477:ent
7046:Tin
6902:DDT
6897:DDE
6877:BHA
6350:doi
6313:PMC
6305:doi
6239:doi
6198:doi
6126:doi
6122:121
6085:doi
6081:134
6038:doi
6001:doi
5997:286
5962:doi
5915:doi
5878:doi
5874:134
5837:doi
5833:100
5780:doi
5776:110
5720:doi
5676:PMC
5668:doi
5629:doi
5625:100
5563:PMC
5555:doi
5514:PMC
5504:doi
5455:PMC
5447:doi
5443:302
5400:doi
5396:350
5363:PMC
5353:doi
5307:PMC
5289:doi
5248:doi
5244:131
5156:doi
5124:doi
5120:113
5083:PMC
5075:doi
5071:104
5034:PMC
4987:doi
4949:doi
4912:PMC
4904:doi
4865:doi
4813:doi
4778:doi
4742:doi
4730:191
4669:PMC
4661:doi
4595:doi
4554:doi
4550:278
4504:doi
4458:doi
4420:doi
4355:PMC
4345:doi
4306:doi
4271:doi
4236:doi
4177:doi
4142:doi
4047:PMC
4039:doi
3934:Soy
3422:ERβ
3418:ERα
3262:152
3209:5.6
3181:4.0
3062:260
3059:0.3
3009:0.6
3006:0.5
2990:0.9
2987:3.6
2937:765
2715:EDS
2699:195
2690:BPA
2665:ZAN
2640:ZEN
2627:0.9
2624:0.8
2468:2.0
2368:4.4
2302:8.9
2299:174
2274:2.0
2121:180
2052:1.7
2040:DPN
2015:MPP
1977:131
1940:PPT
1927:1.3
1899:0.2
1896:166
1677:0.8
1674:0.3
1646:243
1627:1.2
1624:0.9
1552:2.5
1490:TPE
1443:114
1327:2.6
1324:0.5
1296:2.5
1034:ent
793:1.0
790:1.0
768:1.0
765:2.0
693:1.0
618:1.0
615:2.0
599:1.9
596:1.0
568:1.0
549:1.3
546:2.5
515:1.0
421:4.9
418:3.0
415:4.0
343:100
340:100
326:ERβ
321:ERα
316:ERβ
311:ERα
166:soy
9412::
9175:,
8994:IV
8992:,
8988:,
8986:II
8984:,
8567:,
8556:,
8552:,
8548:,
8544:,
8540:,
8532:,
8528:,
8520:,
8506:,
8492:,
8478:,
8474:,
8470:,
8466:,
8462:,
8448:,
8444:,
8430:,
8408:,
8404:,
8400:,
8396:,
8392:,
8388:,
8384:,
8380:,
8352:,
8348:,
8329:,
8325:,
8321:,
8317:,
8313:,
8309:,
8305:,
8301:,
8297:,
8293:,
8289:,
8285:,
8281:,
8277:,
8273:,
8269:,
8265:,
8261:,
8257:,
8253:,
8249:,
8245:,
8241:,
8237:,
8233:,
8229:,
8225:,
8221:,
8217:,
8213:,
8209:,
8195:,
8181:,
8177:,
8173:,
8159:,
8155:,
8151:,
8147:,
7397:,
7393:,
7389:,
7102:ER
6364:.
6356:.
6344:.
6321:.
6311:.
6301:16
6299:.
6295:.
6247:.
6235:89
6233:.
6229:.
6206:.
6192:.
6188:.
6140:.
6132:.
6120:.
6116:.
6093:.
6079:.
6075:.
6052:.
6044:.
6034:17
6032:.
6009:.
5995:.
5991:.
5968:.
5958:24
5956:.
5952:.
5929:.
5921:.
5911:91
5909:.
5886:.
5872:.
5868:.
5845:.
5831:.
5827:.
5804:.
5796:.
5788:.
5774:.
5770:.
5758:^
5744:.
5736:.
5728:.
5716:62
5714:.
5710:.
5698:^
5684:.
5674:.
5664:31
5662:.
5658:.
5635:.
5623:.
5619:.
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