Planet - Knowledge

2265: 2362: 17183: 470: 461: 3994:, though it is possible to find each symbol in the other context. The first few asteroids were considered to be planets when they were discovered, and were likewise given abstract symbols, e.g. Ceres' sickle (⚳), Pallas' spear (⚴), Juno's sceptre (⚵), and Vesta's hearth (⚶). However, as their number rose further and further, this practice stopped in favour of numbering them instead. (Massalia, the first asteroid not named from mythology, is also the first asteroid that was not assigned a symbol by its discoverer.) The symbols for the first four asteroids, Ceres through Vesta, remained in use for longer than the others, and even in the modern day 355: 1274: 1804: 343: 4088: 1240:. In the Solar System, Mercury, Venus, Ceres, and Jupiter have very small tilts; Pallas, Uranus, and Pluto have extreme ones; and Earth, Mars, Vesta, Saturn, and Neptune have moderate ones. Among exoplanets, axial tilts are not known for certain, though most hot Jupiters are believed to have a negligible axial tilt as a result of their proximity to their stars. Similarly, the axial tilts of the planetary-mass moons are near zero, with Earth's Moon at 6.687° as the biggest exception; additionally, Callisto's axial tilt varies between 0 and about 2 degrees on timescales of thousands of years. 1236:. Each planet has two in the course of its orbit; when one hemisphere has its summer solstice with its day being the longest, the other has its winter solstice when its day is shortest. The varying amount of light and heat received by each hemisphere creates annual changes in weather patterns for each half of the planet. Jupiter's axial tilt is very small, so its seasonal variation is minimal; Uranus, on the other hand, has an axial tilt so extreme it is virtually on its side, which means that its hemispheres are either continually in sunlight or continually in darkness around the time of 2696: 599: 1869: 1039: 4124: 4115: 811: 4019: 3919: 4159:, and similar units are common in astronomy. Other planetary symbols today are mostly encountered in astrology. Astrologers have resurrected the old astronomical symbols for the first few asteroids and continue to invent symbols for other objects. This includes relatively standard astrological symbols for the dwarf planets discovered in the 21st century, which were not given symbols by astronomers because planetary symbols had mostly fallen out of use in astronomy by the time they were discovered. Many astrological symbols are included in 2599:

non-planets, this created an urgent situation because under the rules Eris could not be named without defining what a planet was. At the time, it was also thought that the size required for a trans-Neptunian object to become round was about the same as that required for the moons of the giant planets (about 400 km diameter), a figure that would have suggested about 200 round objects in the Kuiper belt and thousands more beyond. Many astronomers argued that the public would not accept a definition creating a large number of planets.

4082: 3928: 3895: 3850: 4106: 4097: 4064: 4055: 3913: 3904: 4073: 3868: 4142: 4046: 4028: 3859: 1976: 4133: 4037: 3886: 3841: 3877: 29: 3252:, believed that the seven gods after whom the planets were named took hourly shifts in looking after affairs on Earth. The order of shifts went Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon (from the farthest to the closest planet). Therefore, the first day was started by Saturn (1st hour), second day by Sun (25th hour), followed by Moon (49th hour), Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and Venus. Because each day was named by the god that started it, this became the order of the 2736:

hydrostatic equilibrium is universally relaxed to a requirement for rounding and compaction under self-gravity; Mercury is not actually in hydrostatic equilibrium, but is universally included as a planet regardless.) Proponents of such definitions often argue that location should not matter and that planethood should be defined by the intrinsic properties of an object. Dwarf planets had been proposed as a category of small planet (as opposed to

1201: 1650: 2231:, the Greeks had begun to develop their own mathematical schemes for predicting the positions of the planets. These schemes, which were based on geometry rather than the arithmetic of the Babylonians, would eventually eclipse the Babylonians' theories in complexity and comprehensiveness and account for most of the astronomical movements observed from Earth with the naked eye. These theories would reach their fullest expression in the 1307:(that is, their orbits are in sync with their rotations). This means, they always show one face to their stars, with one side in perpetual day, the other in perpetual night. Mercury and Venus, the closest planets to the Sun, similarly exhibit very slow rotation: Mercury is tidally locked into a 3:2 spin–orbit resonance (rotating three times for every two revolutions around the Sun), and Venus's rotation may be in equilibrium between 1891:, often called "moons". Earth has one, Mars has two, and the giant planets have numerous moons in complex planetary-type systems. Except for Ceres and Sedna, all the consensus dwarf planets are known to have at least one moon as well. Many moons of the giant planets have features similar to those on the terrestrial planets and dwarf planets, and some have been studied as possible abodes of life (especially Europa and Enceladus). 1562: 18912: 2413:) and five of Saturn were discovered in the 17th century, they joined Earth's Moon in the category of "satellite planets" or "secondary planets" orbiting the primary planets, though in the following decades they would come to be called simply "satellites" for short. Scientists generally considered planetary satellites to also be planets until about the 1920s, although this usage was not common among non-scientists. 663:, a population that never comes close enough to the Sun to interact with any of the classical planets; the origins of their orbits are still being debated. All nine are similar to terrestrial planets in having a solid surface, but they are made of ice and rock rather than rock and metal. Moreover, all of them are smaller than Mercury, with Pluto being the largest known dwarf planet and Eris being the most massive. 18936: 17159: 1625:. Similar differentiation processes are believed to have occurred on some of the large moons and dwarf planets, though the process may not always have been completed: Ceres, Callisto, and Titan appear to be incompletely differentiated. The asteroid Vesta, though not a dwarf planet because it was battered by impacts out of roundness, has a differentiated interior similar to that of Venus, Earth, and Mars. 18948: 17171: 18924: 3175: 18900: 2917:. Although objects more massive than 75 times that of Jupiter fuse simple hydrogen, objects of 13 Jupiter masses can fuse deuterium. Deuterium is quite rare, constituting less than 0.0026% of the hydrogen in the galaxy, and most brown dwarfs would have ceased fusing deuterium long before their discovery, making them effectively indistinguishable from supermassive planets. 17405: 2973:

long; unlike hydrogen burning in a star, deuterium burning does not significantly affect the future evolution of an object. The relationship between mass and radius (or density) show no special feature at this limit, according to which brown dwarfs have the same physics and internal structure as lighter Jovian planets, and would more naturally be considered planets.

3070:. There are too many concordances between Greek and Babylonian naming conventions for them to have arisen separately. Given the differences in mythology, the correspondence was not perfect. For instance, the Babylonian Nergal was a god of war, and thus the Greeks identified him with Ares. Unlike Ares, Nergal was also a god of pestilence and ruler of the underworld. 12171:

knowledge in southern Iraq as early as the Late Uruk / Jemdet Nasr Period, as do the archaic texts of the period. Whether or not one accepts the seal as authentic, the fact that there is no epithetical distinction between the morning and evening appearances of Venus in any later Mesopotamian literature attests to a very, very early recognition of the phenomenon.

1158:, is the plane perpendicular to the observer's line of sight from Earth. The orbits of the eight major planets of the Solar System all lie very close to the ecliptic; however, some smaller objects like Pallas, Pluto, and Eris orbit at far more extreme angles to it, as do comets. The large moons are generally not very inclined to their parent planets' 2787:, like the early modern astronomers. Some go even further and include as planets relatively large, geologically evolved bodies that are nonetheless not very round today, such as Pallas and Vesta; rounded bodies that were completely disrupted by impacts and re-accreted like Hygiea; or even everything at least the diameter of Saturn's moon 966:, with a mass 5.5–10.4 times the mass of Earth, attracted attention upon its discovery for potentially being in the habitable zone, though later studies concluded that it is actually too close to its star to be habitable. Planets more massive than Jupiter are also known, extending seamlessly into the realm of brown dwarfs. 1458:. This effectively means that all planets are spherical or spheroidal. Up to a certain mass, an object can be irregular in shape, but beyond that point, which varies depending on the chemical makeup of the object, gravity begins to pull an object towards its own centre of mass until the object collapses into a sphere. 2571:) during the 1990s and early 2000s. Pluto was found to be just one "small" body in a population of thousands. They often referred to the demotion of the asteroids as a precedent, although that had been done based on their geophysical differences from planets rather than their being in a belt. Some of the larger 2598:

The announcement of Eris in 2005, an object 27% more massive than Pluto, created the impetus for an official definition of a planet, as considering Pluto a planet would logically have demanded that Eris be considered a planet as well. Since different procedures were in place for naming planets versus

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The idea of planets has evolved over the history of astronomy, from the divine lights of antiquity to the earthly objects of the scientific age. The concept has expanded to include worlds not only in the Solar System, but in multitudes of other extrasolar systems. The consensus as to what counts as a

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The moons (including the planetary-mass ones) are generally given names with some association with their parent planet. The planetary-mass moons of Jupiter are named after four of Zeus' lovers (or other sexual partners); those of Saturn are named after Cronus' brothers and sisters, the Titans; those

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The limit of 13 Jupiter masses is not universally accepted. Objects below this mass limit can sometimes burn deuterium, and the amount of deuterium that is burned depends on an object's composition. Furthermore, deuterium is quite scarce, so the stage of deuterium burning does not actually last very

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The IAU noted that this definition could be expected to evolve as knowledge improves. A 2022 review article discussing the history and rationale of this definition suggested that the words "in young star clusters" should be deleted in clause 3, as such objects have now been found elsewhere, and that

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material in their interiors, which generate their magnetic fields. These fields significantly change the interaction of the planet and solar wind. A magnetized planet creates a cavity in the solar wind around itself called the magnetosphere, which the wind cannot penetrate. The magnetosphere can be

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The Greeks, for example, originally identified the morning and evening stars with two separate deities, Phosphoros and Hesporos respectively. In Mesopotamia, it seems that this was recognized prehistorically. Assuming its authenticity, a cylinder seal from the Erlenmeyer collection attests to this

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Yang, B.; Hanuš, J.; Carry, B.; Vernazza, P.; Brož, M.; Vachier, F.; Rambaux, N.; Marsset, M.; Chrenko, O.; Ševeček, P.; Viikinkoski, M.; Jehin, E.; Ferrais, M.; Podlewska-Gaca, E.; Drouard, A.; Marchis, F.; Birlan, M.; Benkhaldoun, Z.; Berthier, J.; Bartczak, P.; Dumas, C.; Dudziński, G.; Ďurech,

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in its history, which today makes it the hottest planet by surface temperature, hotter even than Mercury. Despite hostile surface conditions, temperature, and pressure at about 50–55 km altitude in Venus's atmosphere are close to Earthlike conditions (the only place in the Solar System beyond

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Emery, J. P.; Wong, I.; Brunetto, R.; Cook, J. C.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Stansberry, J. A.; Holler, B. J.; Grundy, W. M.; Protopapa, S.; Souza-Feliciano, A. C.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Lunine, J. I.; Hines, D. C. (2024). "A Tale of 3 Dwarf Planets: Ices and Organics on Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar

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The 2006 IAU definition presents some challenges for exoplanets because the language is specific to the Solar System and the criteria of roundness and orbital zone clearance are not presently observable for exoplanets. In 2018, this definition was reassessed and updated as knowledge of exoplanets

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of an orbit describes the elongation of a planet's elliptical (oval) orbit. Planets with low eccentricities have more circular orbits, whereas planets with high eccentricities have more elliptical orbits. The planets and large moons in the Solar System have relatively low eccentricities, and thus

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with rays radiating from it; and the Moon, a headdress with a crescent attached. The modern shapes with the cross-marks first appeared around the 16th century. According to Maunder, the addition of crosses appears to be "an attempt to give a savour of Christianity to the symbols of the old pagan

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The number of dwarf planets even among known objects is not certain. In 2019, Grundy et al. argued based on the low densities of some mid-sized trans-Neptunian objects that the limiting size required for a trans-Neptunian object to reach equilibrium was in fact much larger than it is for the icy

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being made of almost pure ice. Europa is often considered an icy planet, though, because its surface ice layer makes it difficult to study its interior. Ganymede and Titan are larger than Mercury by radius, and Callisto almost equals it, but all three are much less massive. Mimas is the smallest

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and other effects. Thereafter there still may be many protoplanets orbiting the star or each other, but over time many will collide, either to form a larger, combined protoplanet or release material for other protoplanets to absorb. Those objects that have become massive enough will capture most

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Taubner, Ruth-Sophie; Pappenreiter, Patricia; Zwicker, Jennifer; Smrzka, Daniel; Pruckner, Christian; Kolar, Philipp; Bernacchi, Sébastien; Seifert, Arne H.; Krajete, Alexander; Bach, Wolfgang; Peckmann, Jörn; Paulik, Christian; Firneis, Maria G.; Schleper, Christa; Rittmann, Simon K.-M. R. (27

4167:, a religion worshipping the goddess Eris. The other dwarf-planet symbols are mostly initialisms (except Haumea) in the native scripts of the cultures they come from; they also represent something associated with the corresponding deity or culture, e.g. Makemake's face or Gonggong's snake-tail. 2980:

star is about 80 Jupiter masses.) The situation of main-sequence stars has been used to argue for such an inclusive definition of "planet" as well, as they also differ greatly along the two orders of magnitude that they cover, in their structure, atmospheres, temperature, spectral features, and

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has a magnetic field several times stronger, and Jupiter's is the strongest in the Solar System (so intense in fact that it poses a serious health risk to future crewed missions to all its moons inward of Callisto). The magnetic fields of the other giant planets, measured at their surfaces, are

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Hot Jupiters, due to their extreme proximities to their host stars, have been shown to be losing their atmospheres into space due to stellar radiation, much like the tails of comets. These planets may have vast differences in temperature between their day and night sides that produce supersonic

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The beginning of Solar System exploration by space probes in the 1960s spurred a renewed interest in planetary science. A split in definitions regarding satellites occurred around then: planetary scientists began to reconsider the large moons as also being planets, but astronomers who were not

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values of 1 or more are expected to be approximately spherical, so that objects that fulfill the orbital-zone clearance requirement around Sun-like stars will also fulfill the roundness requirement – though this may not be the case around very low-mass stars. In 2024, Margot and collaborators

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In the Solar System, this mass is generally less than the mass required for a body to clear its orbit; thus, some objects that are considered "planets" under geophysical definitions are not considered as such under the IAU definition, such as Ceres and Pluto. (In practice, the requirement for

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Earth's name in English is not derived from Greco-Roman mythology. Because it was only generally accepted as a planet in the 17th century, there is no tradition of naming it after a god. (The same is true, in English at least, of the Sun and the Moon, though they are no longer generally

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were remnants of collisions. Thus he differentiated between the largest asteroids as "true planets" versus the smaller ones as collisional fragments. From the 1960s onwards, the term "minor planet" was mostly displaced by the term "asteroid", and references to the asteroids as planets in the

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of their star—the range of orbits where a terrestrial planet could sustain liquid water on its surface, given enough atmospheric pressure. One in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone, which suggests that the nearest would be expected to be within

1266:. The exceptions are Venus and Uranus, which rotate clockwise, though Uranus's extreme axial tilt means there are differing conventions on which of its poles is "north", and therefore whether it is rotating clockwise or anti-clockwise. Regardless of which convention is used, Uranus has a 989:, which are the leftover cores. There are also exoplanets that are much farther from their star. Neptune is 30 AU from the Sun and takes 165 years to orbit, but there are exoplanets that are thousands of AU from their star and take more than a million years to orbit (e.g. 2241:

in the 2nd century CE. So complete was the domination of Ptolemy's model that it superseded all previous works on astronomy and remained the definitive astronomical text in the Western world for 13 centuries. To the Greeks and Romans, there were seven known planets, each presumed to be

1539:, with a mass (and radius) that is probably slightly higher than that of the Moon. The smallest object in the Solar System generally agreed to be a geophysical planet is Saturn's moon Mimas, with a radius about 3.1% of Earth's and a mass about 0.00063% of Earth's. Saturn's smaller moon 2965:" has also been used to refer to ambiguous situations concerning exoplanets, such as objects with mass typical for a planet that are free-floating or orbit a brown dwarf instead of a star. Free-floating objects of planetary mass have sometimes been called planets anyway, specifically 13370:"The real answer here is to not get too hung up on definitions, which I admit is hard when the IAU tries to make them sound official and clear, but, really, we all understand the intent of the hydrostatic equilibrium point, and the intent is clearly to include Merucry & the moon" 2931:

Objects with true masses below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium (currently calculated to be 13 Jupiter masses for objects of solar metallicity) that orbit stars, brown dwarfs, or stellar remnants and that have a mass ratio with the central object below the

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of other planets. Originally an IAU committee had proposed a definition that would have included a larger number of planets as it did not include (c) as a criterion. After much discussion, it was decided via a vote that those bodies should instead be classified as dwarf planets.

1475:). Some authors advocate that this be used as the upper limit for planethood, on the grounds that the internal physics of objects does not change between approximately one Saturn mass (beginning of significant self-compression) and the onset of hydrogen burning and becoming a 2550:.) All the eight major planets and their planetary-mass moons have since been explored by spacecraft, as have many asteroids and the dwarf planets Ceres and Pluto; however, so far the only planetary-mass body beyond Earth that has been explored by humans is the Moon. 4002:. The astronomical symbol for Pluto is a P-L monogram (♇), though it has become less common since the IAU definition reclassified Pluto. Since Pluto's reclassification, NASA has used the traditional astrological symbol of Pluto (⯓), a planetary orb over Pluto's 2671:

and produced one in August 2006. Under this definition, the Solar System is considered to have eight planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). Bodies that fulfill the first two conditions but not the third are classified as

2436:), with sometimes overlapping orbits. This was an area where only one planet had been expected, and they were much smaller than all other planets; indeed, it was suspected that they might be shards of a larger planet that had broken up. Herschel called them 1543:, currently an irregular body of 1.7% Earth's radius and 0.00014% Earth's mass, is thought to have attained hydrostatic equilibrium and differentiation early in its history before being battered out of shape by impacts. Some asteroids may be fragments of 3781:) was given a classical name, as it was considered a major planet when it was discovered. After more objects were discovered beyond Neptune, naming conventions depending on their orbits were put in place: those in the 2:3 resonance with Neptune (the 2397:

to a body that orbited the Sun, directly (a primary planet) or indirectly (a secondary or satellite planet). Thus the Earth was added to the roster of planets, and the Sun was removed. The Copernican count of primary planets stood until 1781, when

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The IAU discourages the use of planetary symbols in modern journal articles in favour of one-letter or (to disambiguate Mercury and Mars) two-letter abbreviations for the major planets. The symbols for the Sun and Earth are nonetheless common, as

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proposed a mathematical criterion that determines whether an object can clear its orbit during the lifetime of its host star, based on the mass of the planet, its semimajor axis, and the mass of its host star. The formula produces a value called

3214:, Roman writers borrowed much of the Greek narratives and applied them to their own pantheon, to the point where they became virtually indistinguishable. When the Romans studied Greek astronomy, they gave the planets their own gods' names: 11539: 3678:, a Biblical sea monster) in 2009; prior to that the names "Uranus" and "Neptune" had simply been borrowed. The etymologies for the Arabic names of the planets are less well understood. Mostly agreed among scholars are Venus (Arabic: 2497:

was discovered in 1930. After initial observations led to the belief that it was larger than Earth, the object was immediately accepted as the ninth major planet. Further monitoring found the body was actually much smaller: in 1936,

306:. The discovery of brown dwarfs and planets larger than Jupiter also spurred debate on the definition, regarding where exactly to draw the line between a planet and a star. Multiple exoplanets have been found to orbit in the 2112:

tablets dating from the 7th century BC that lays out the motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets over the course of the year. Late Babylonian astronomy is the origin of Western astronomy and indeed all Western efforts in the

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The discovery of exoplanets led to another ambiguity in defining a planet: the point at which a planet becomes a star. Many known exoplanets are many times the mass of Jupiter, approaching that of stellar objects known as

962:, which have masses between that of Earth and Neptune. Objects less than about twice the mass of Earth are expected to be rocky like Earth; beyond that, they become a mixture of volatiles and gas like Neptune. The planet 3669:

associations: those names, since replaced for religious reasons, were probably the historical Semitic names, and may have much earlier roots going back to Babylonian astronomy. Hebrew names were chosen for Uranus (אורון

3046:. The practice of grafting the names of gods onto the planets was almost certainly borrowed from the Babylonians by the ancient Greeks, and thereafter from the Greeks by the Romans. The Babylonians named Venus after the 2483:, its position having been predicted thanks to its gravitational influence upon Uranus. Because the orbit of Mercury appeared to be affected in a similar way, it was believed in the late 19th century that there might be 1498:: this has sometimes been advocated as a boundary, even though deuterium burning does not last very long and most brown dwarfs have long since finished burning their deuterium. This is not universally agreed upon: the 1290:

can be induced by the individual angular momentum contributions of accreted objects. The accretion of gas by the giant planets contributes to the angular momentum. Finally, during the last stages of planet building, a

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Szakáts, R.; Kiss, Cs.; Ortiz, J. L.; Morales, N.; Pál, A.; Müller, T. G.; et al. (2023). "Tidally locked rotation of the dwarf planet (136199) Eris discovered via long-term ground-based and space photometry".

14314: 1902:' whose gravity shapes and maintains their structure. Although the origins of planetary rings are not precisely known, they are believed to be the result of natural satellites that fell below their parent planets' 1136:

gives the size of the orbit. It is the distance from the midpoint to the longest diameter of its elliptical orbit. This distance is not the same as its apastron, because no planet's orbit has its star at its exact

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Bodenheimer, Peter; D'Angelo, Gennaro; Lissauer, Jack J.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Saumon, Didier (2013). "Deuterium Burning in Massive Giant Planets and Low-mass Brown Dwarfs Formed by Core-nucleated Accretion".

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The Sun's, planets', dwarf planets' and moons' size to scale, labelled. Distance of objects is not to scale. The asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, the Kuiper belt lies beyond Neptune's

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in August 2006. Although to date this criterion only applies to the Solar System, a number of young extrasolar systems have been found in which evidence suggests orbital clearing is taking place within their

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form, and these accelerate the accretion process by drawing in additional material by their gravitational attraction. These concentrations become ever denser until they collapse inward under gravity to form

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Rabinowitz, D. L.; Barkume, Kristina; Brown, Michael E.; Roe, Henry; Schwartz, Michael; Tourtellotte, Suzanne; Trujillo, Chad (2006). "Photometric Observations Constraining the Size, Shape, and Albedo of

3958:, discovered by Francesco Bianchini in the 18th century but produced in the 2nd century, shows Greek personifications of planetary gods charged with early versions of the planetary symbols. Mercury has a 2955:

Free-floating objects in young star clusters with masses below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium are not "planets", but are "sub-brown dwarfs" (or whatever name is most appropriate).

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Mass is the prime attribute by which planets are distinguished from stars. No objects between the masses of the Sun and Jupiter exist in the Solar System, but there are exoplanets of this size. The lower

212:, and five points of light visible to the naked eye that moved across the background of the stars—namely, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Planets have historically had religious associations: 1360:

in its orbit. In effect, it orbits its star in isolation, as opposed to sharing its orbit with a multitude of similar-sized objects. As described above, this characteristic was mandated as part of the

1078:. A planet's year depends on its distance from its star; the farther a planet is from its star, the longer the distance it must travel and the slower its speed, since it is less affected by its star's 2246:

according to the complex laws laid out by Ptolemy. They were, in increasing order from Earth (in Ptolemy's order and using modern names): the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

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Every planet began its existence in an entirely fluid state; in early formation, the denser, heavier materials sank to the centre, leaving the lighter materials near the surface. Each therefore has a

1535:, orbiting a white dwarf; its mass is roughly that of the dwarf planet Haumea, and it is typically termed a minor planet. The smallest known planet orbiting a main-sequence star other than the Sun is 18398: 18393: 18388: 1839:

roughly similar in strength to that of Earth, but their magnetic moments are significantly larger. The magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are strongly tilted relative to the planets' rotational

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Of the eight planets in the Solar System, only Venus and Mars lack such a magnetic field. Of the magnetized planets, the magnetic field of Mercury is the weakest and is barely able to deflect the

1109:, just as a falling object on Earth accelerates as it falls. As the planet nears apastron, its speed decreases, just as an object thrown upwards on Earth slows down as it reaches the apex of its 9582:

Lellouch, E.; de Bergh, C.; Sicardy, B.; Forget, F.; Vangvichith, M.; Käufl, H.-U. (January 2015). "Exploring the spatial, temporal, and vertical distribution of methane in Pluto's atmosphere".

556:, there are eight planets in the Solar System, which are (in increasing distance from the Sun): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Jupiter is the largest, at 318 271:(IAU) adopted a definition of a planet in the Solar System, placing the four terrestrial planets and the four giant planets in the planet category; Ceres, Pluto, and Eris are in the category of 2744:

moons of the giant planets, being about 900–1000 km diameter. There is general consensus on Ceres in the asteroid belt and on the eight trans-Neptunians that probably cross this threshold—

14548: 11531: 18383: 3785:) are given names from underworld myths, while others are given names from creation myths. Most of the trans-Neptunian planetoids are named after gods and goddesses from other cultures (e.g. 2567:

A growing number of astronomers argued for Pluto to be declassified as a planet, because many similar objects approaching its size had been found in the same region of the Solar System (the

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The written symbols for Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, and possibly Mars have been traced to forms found in late Greek papyrus texts. The symbols for Jupiter and Saturn are identified as

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have more tenuous atmospheres. The larger giant planets are massive enough to keep large amounts of the light gases hydrogen and helium, whereas the smaller planets lose these gases into

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Gaffey, Michael (1984). "Rotational spectral variations of asteroid (8) Flora: Implications for the nature of the S-type asteroids and for the parent bodies of the ordinary chondrites".

491:) will heat up the growing planet, causing it to at least partially melt. The interior of the planet begins to differentiate by density, with higher density materials sinking toward the 6579: 6440: 3350:(or some variation of it) that was used with the meaning of "dry land" as opposed to "sea". The non-Romance languages use their own native words. The Greeks retain their original name, 13628: 12970: 1818:, which in turn give rise to magnetospheres. The presence of a magnetic field indicates that the planet is still geologically alive. In other words, magnetized planets have flows of 872:. This discovery was confirmed and is generally considered to be the first definitive detection of exoplanets. Researchers suspect they formed from a disk remnant left over from the 12999: 9086:

Hardersen, Paul S.; Gaffey, Michael J. & Abell, Paul A. (2005). "Near-IR spectral evidence for the presence of iron-poor orthopyroxenes on the surfaces of six M-type asteroid".

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Boss, Alan P.; Basri, Gibor; Kumar, Shiv S.; Liebert, James; Martín, Eduardo L.; Reipurth, Bo; Zinnecker, Hans (2003), "Nomenclature: Brown Dwarfs, Gas Giant Planets, and ?",

3773:—but as more and more were discovered, they first started being named after more minor goddesses, and the mythological restriction was dropped starting from the twentieth asteroid 2949:) are "planets" (no matter how they formed). The minimum mass/size required for an extrasolar object to be considered a planet should be the same as that used in our Solar System. 2820:

proposed a revised version of the criterion with a uniform clearing timescale of 10 billion years (the approximate main-sequence lifetime of the Sun) or 13.8 billion years (the

2723:. A celestial body may acquire a dynamic (planetary) geology at approximately the mass required for its mantle to become plastic under its own weight. This leads to a state of 1146:

of a planet tells how far above or below an established reference plane its orbit is tilted. In the Solar System, the reference plane is the plane of Earth's orbit, called the

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The composition of Earth's atmosphere is different from the other planets because the various life processes that have transpired on the planet have introduced free molecular

908: 2432:(in 1807). It soon became apparent that they were rather different from previously known planets: they shared the same general region of space, between Mars and Jupiter (the 1085:

No planet's orbit is perfectly circular, and hence the distance of each from the host star varies over the course of its year. The closest approach to its star is called its

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Here, "Earth-sized" means 1–2 Earth radii, and "habitable zone" means the region with 0.25 to 4 times Earth's stellar flux (corresponding to 0.5–2 AU for the Sun). Data for

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Thus, many catalogues of exoplanets include objects heavier than 13 Jupiter masses, sometimes going up to 60 Jupiter masses. (The limit for hydrogen burning and becoming a

7909:

Zarka, Philippe; Treumann, Rudolf A.; Ryabov, Boris P.; Ryabov, Vladimir B. (2001). "Magnetically-Driven Planetary Radio Emissions and Application to Extrasolar Planets".

2952:

Substellar objects with true masses above the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium are "brown dwarfs", no matter how they formed nor where they are located.

2731:

a substellar-mass body that has never undergone nuclear fusion and has enough gravitation to be round due to hydrostatic equilibrium, regardless of its orbital parameters.

969:

Exoplanets have been found that are much closer to their parent star than any planet in the Solar System is to the Sun. Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun at 0.4

14630: 9530: 9462:

Zurbuchen TH, Raines JM, Gloeckler G, Krimigis SM, et al. (2008). "MESSENGER Observations of the Composition of Mercury's Ionized Exosphere and Plasma Environment".

6267:

The most common size of planet Kepler found doesn't exist in our solar system—a world between the size of Earth and Neptune—and we have much to learn about these planets.

1295:

of protoplanetary accretion can randomly alter the spin axis of the planet. There is great variation in the length of day between the planets, with Venus taking 243

18378: 17056: 9163:

J.; Castillo-Rogez, J.; Cipriani, F.; Colas, F.; Fetick, R.; Fusco, T.; Grice, J.; et al. (2020), "Binary asteroid (31) Euphrosyne: Ice-rich and nearly spherical",

3610:神星 "health goddess star"). Such translations were extended to some later minor planets, including some of the dwarf planets discovered in the 21st century, e.g. Haumea ( 2690: 1547:

that began to accrete and differentiate, but suffered catastrophic collisions, leaving only a metallic or rocky core today, or a reaccumulation of the resulting debris.

13113: 9713:

Haberle, R. M. (2015), "Solar System/Sun, Atmospheres, Evolution of Atmospheres | Planetary Atmospheres: Mars", in North, Gerald R.; Pyle, John; Zhang, Fuqing (eds.),

6060:

Cassan, Arnaud; Kubas, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Dominik, M.; et al. (12 January 2012). "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations".

2862:

collapse just like stars and brown dwarfs, even down to the mass of Jupiter: there was thus disagreement about whether how a body formed should be taken into account.

1127:

nearly circular orbits. The comets and many Kuiper belt objects, as well as several exoplanets, have very high eccentricities, and thus exceedingly elliptical orbits.

18540: 18405: 16857: 15217: 14889: 5943: 4691:

D'Angelo, G.; Weidenschilling, S. J.; Lissauer, J. J.; Bodenheimer, P. (2014). "Growth of Jupiter: Enhancement of core accretion by a voluminous low-mass envelope".

4163:, and a few of these new inventions (the symbols of Haumea, Makemake, and Eris) have since been used by NASA in astronomy. The Eris symbol is a traditional one from 6681: 4597:

D'Angelo, G.; Bodenheimer, P. (2013). "Three-dimensional Radiation-hydrodynamics Calculations of the Envelopes of Young Planets Embedded in Protoplanetary Disks".

2074:

and that all the "planets" circled Earth. The reasons for this perception were that stars and planets appeared to revolve around Earth each day and the apparently

13595: 14799: 13510: 8760: 2284:

about its axis, which he explains as the cause of what appears to be an apparent westward motion of the stars. He also theorized that the orbits of planets were

5092:

Stern, S.A.; Bagenal, F.; Ennico, K.; Gladstone, G.R.; et al. (16 October 2015). "The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons".

14952: 14058:

Schneider, Jean; Dedieu, Cyril; Le Sidaner, Pierre; Savalle, Renaud; Zolotukhin, Ivan (2011). "Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database".

3622:神星 "quarrel goddess star"). However, except for the better-known asteroids and dwarf planets, many of them are rare outside Chinese astronomical dictionaries. 2487:. However, the discrepancy between Mercury's orbit and the predictions of Newtonian gravity was instead explained by an improved theory of gravity, Einstein's 14433: 6526: 4532: 10027:

Demory, Brice-Olivier; de Wit, Julien; Lewis, Nikole; Fortney, Jonathan; et al. (2013). "Inference of Inhomogeneous Clouds in an Exoplanet Atmosphere".

10366:

Harrington, Jason; Hansen, Brad M.; Luszcz, Statia H.; Seager, Sara (2006). "The phase-dependent infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet Andromeda b".

7113:

Anderson, D. R.; Hellier, C.; Gillon, M.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; et al. (2009). "WASP-17b: an ultra-low density planet in a probable retrograde orbit".

15515: 13333: 8667: 3978:

When further planets were discovered orbiting the Sun, symbols were invented for them. The most common astronomical symbol for Uranus, ⛢, was invented by

1318:

All the large moons are tidally locked to their parent planets; Pluto and Charon are tidally locked to each other, as are Eris and Dysnomia, and probably

18432: 14371: 3438:

names of most of the planets are based on identifications of the Mesopotamian gods with Iranian gods, analogous to the Greek and Latin names. Mercury is

2525:

published papers on the origin of the asteroids. He recognized that asteroids were typically not spherical, as had previously been thought, and that the

575:

are significantly more massive than the terrestrials: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They differ from the terrestrial planets in composition. The

12185:"The identification of Inanna with the planet Venus: A criterion for the time determination of the recognition of constellations in ancient Mesopotamia" 1789:

winds, although multiple factors are involved and the details of the atmospheric dynamics that affect the day-night temperature difference are complex.

3793:

god). There are a few exceptions which continue the Roman and Greek scheme, notably including Eris as it had initially been considered a tenth planet.

11297: 10421: 4744:

Lissauer, J. J.; Hubickyj, O.; D'Angelo, G.; Bodenheimer, P. (2009). "Models of Jupiter's growth incorporating thermal and hydrodynamic constraints".

2514:

in 1978 showed that Pluto was only 0.2% the mass of Earth. As this was still substantially more massive than any known asteroid, and because no other

1262:. Most of the planets in the Solar System rotate in the same direction as they orbit the Sun, which is counter-clockwise as seen from above the Sun's 1001:

Although each planet has unique physical characteristics, a number of broad commonalities do exist among them. Some of these characteristics, such as

18217: 18212: 14542: 13559: 13275:

Stern, S. Alan; Levison, Harold F. (2002), Rickman, H. (ed.), "Regarding the criteria for planethood and proposed planetary classification schemes",

12745: 8439: 5726: 1277:

Comparison of the rotation period (sped up 10 000 times, negative values denoting retrograde), flattening and axial tilt of the planets and the Moon

10705: 9407: 8597: 2104:, a 7th-century BC copy of a list of observations of the motions of the planet Venus, that probably dates as early as the second millennium BC. The 651:, located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The other eight all orbit beyond Neptune. Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, and Makemake orbit in the 18373: 17836: 17093: 14115: 8165: 5564:

Wang, Ji; Fischer, Debra A. (2013). "Revealing a Universal Planet-Metallicity Correlation for Planets of Different Sizes Around Solar-Type Stars".

1400:

Gravity causes planets to be pulled into a roughly spherical shape, so a planet's size can be expressed roughly by an average radius (for example,

8867: 8092: 8035: 7274: 6368: 4989: 2881:. This discovery is generally considered to be the first definitive detection of a planetary system around another star. Then, on 6 October 1995, 495:. Smaller terrestrial planets lose most of their atmospheres because of this accretion, but the lost gases can be replaced by outgassing from the 12051: 11509: 6615: 4389: 14288: 6462:

Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar (2013). "A revised estimate of the occurrence rate of terrestrial planets in the habitable zones around kepler m-dwarfs".

783:

The Moon, Io, and Europa have compositions similar to the terrestrial planets; the others are made of ice and rock like the dwarf planets, with

18140: 9552: 9310:"Modelling the internal structure of Ceres: Coupling of accretion with compaction by creep and implications for the water-rock differentiation" 9033: 6432: 2981:

probably formation mechanisms; yet they are all considered as one class, being all hydrostatic-equilibrium objects undergoing nuclear burning.

2323:, generally accepted geocentrism, although they did dispute Ptolemy's system of epicycles and sought alternatives. The 10th-century astronomer 10585: 6587: 5348: 2791:, the smallest planetary-mass moon. (This may even include objects that are not round but happen to be larger than Mimas, like Neptune's moon 16645: 14685: 10279: 5758: 2846:, there were particular disagreements over whether an object should be considered a planet if it was part of a distinct population such as a 1070:, has been found to orbit in the opposite direction to its star's rotation. The period of one revolution of a planet's orbit is known as its 14728: 12331: 10682: 18853: 15074: 13618: 12964: 12220: 10003: 5243:

Kenyon, Scott J.; Bromley, Benjamin C. (2006). "Terrestrial Planet Formation. I. The Transition from Oligarchic Growth to Chaotic Growth".

15421: 12993: 11955:

Lambert, W. G.; Reiner, Erica (1987). "Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part One. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablet 63: The Venus Tablet of Ammisaduqa".

11676: 11163: 10508: 1005:

or natural satellites, have only as yet been observed in planets in the Solar System, whereas others are commonly observed in exoplanets.

18111: 17694: 16790: 14948: 13078: 12492: 9342: 7671: 4183: 2292:, where his principles of the diurnal rotation of Earth, among others, were followed and a number of secondary works were based on them. 1326:. The other dwarf planets with known rotation periods rotate faster than Earth; Haumea rotates so fast that it has been distorted into a 595:, with thick atmospheres of hydrogen and helium. They have a significantly lower mass than the gas giants (only 14 and 17 Earth masses). 15481: 8134: 1589:, but in the giant planets the mantle simply blends into the upper cloud layers. The terrestrial planets have cores of elements such as 10344: 7429: 6010: 3653:

or "the resting one" (in reference to its slow movement compared to the other visible planets). The odd one out is Jupiter, called צדק

2727:

where the body acquires a stable, round shape, which is adopted as the hallmark of planethood by geophysical definitions. For example:

659:, which is somewhat further out and, unlike the Kuiper belt, is unstable towards interactions with Neptune. Sedna is the largest known 15605: 15446: 8552: 6556: 18427: 17971: 17379: 16556: 9218: 1823:

much larger than the planet itself. In contrast, non-magnetized planets have only small magnetospheres induced by interaction of the

907:

mission, most of the known exoplanets were gas giants comparable in mass to Jupiter or larger as they were more easily detected. The

18147: 6213: 3962:; Venus has, attached to her necklace, a cord connected to another necklace; Mars, a spear; Jupiter, a staff; Saturn, a scythe; the 2534:

planetary scientists generally did not. (This is not exactly the same as the definition used in the previous century, which classed

1216:

of their stars' equators. This causes the amount of light received by each hemisphere to vary over the course of its year; when the

1162:, but Earth's Moon, Saturn's Iapetus, and Neptune's Triton are exceptions. Triton is unique among the large moons in that it orbits 583:

and helium and are the most massive planets in the Solar System. Saturn is one third as massive as Jupiter, at 95 Earth masses. The

18410: 18247: 17976: 8976: 7091: 6860: 5406:

Ida, Shigeru; Nakagawa, Yoshitsugu; Nakazawa, Kiyoshi (1987). "The Earth's core formation due to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability".

5070: 9635:

Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D.; Kleyna, J. (2005). "An Ultradeep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to Completeness".

7454: 5154: 2037: 14463: 12326: 11462:; Grundy, W. M.; Sykes, Mark V.; Stern, Alan; Bell III, James F.; Detelich, Charlene E.; Runyon, Kirby; Summers, Michael (2022). 6188: 2255: 18094: 11018: 3190:

Although modern Greeks still use their ancient names for the planets, other European languages, because of the influence of the

18580: 18123: 16711: 16356: 16341: 16321: 15627: 15574: 14606: 13436: 12024: 11420: 10790: 7313: 7221:

Moorhead, Althea V.; Adams, Fred C. (2008). "Eccentricity evolution of giant planet orbits due to circumstellar disk torques".

5871: 4499: 4420: 1450:

A planet's defining physical characteristic is that it is massive enough for the force of its own gravity to dominate over the

15623: 15608: 15297: 14494: 13230: 13142: 11607: 10883: 8630: 4863: 4824: 792:, at about six millionths of Earth's mass, though there are many larger bodies that may not be geophysical planets (e.g. 18631: 18555: 18507: 18502: 18497: 18492: 18487: 18482: 18477: 18472: 18467: 18462: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18442: 18437: 18128: 16655: 16388: 16351: 16346: 15617: 15197: 14343: 14225: 13306: 13207: 13103: 12723: 12464: 12437: 12304: 12113: 11939: 11853: 11809: 11768: 11079: 10629: 9697: 9524: 9257: 8895: 8719: 8591: 7335:

Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Brown, Michael E. (2002). "A Correlation between Inclination and Color in the Classical Kuiper Belt".

7205: 6784: 5982: 5698: 5628: 4919: 2264: 448:

of planets through a process of gravitational capture, or remain in belts of other objects to become either dwarf planets or

15163: 14192: 14005:

Spiegel, D. S.; Burrows, Adam; Milsom, J. A. (2011). "The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets".

11390: 9860: 8525: 5664: 5634: 3990:, and represents a globe with a H on top, for Uranus's discoverer Herschel. Today, ⛢ is mostly used by astronomers and ♅ by 2220:

system, according to which Earth and the planets revolved around the Sun. The geocentric system remained dominant until the

1803: 1263: 367:

It is not known with certainty how planets are formed. The prevailing theory is that they coalesce during the collapse of a

18237: 18227: 17081: 17018: 16672: 16393: 16331: 16326: 15616: 11643: 4250: 3011:). Exoplanets are commonly named after their parent star and their order of discovery within its planetary system, such as 2361: 1029: 431:

When the protostar has grown such that it ignites to form a star, the surviving disk is removed from the inside outward by

17961: 15614: 15611: 15607: 15603: 15213: 15007: 14881: 11568: 7887: 18273: 18207: 17321: 17235: 16336: 13168: 11329:

Joergens, V.; Bonnefoy, M.; Liu, Y.; Bayo, A.; et al. (2013). "OTS 44: Disk and accretion at the planetary border".

10201: 6345: 6038: 5951: 5501: 5190:

Matsuyama, I.; Johnstone, D.; Murray, N. (2005). "Halting Planet Migration by Photoevaporation from the Central Source".

4442: 514:

around stars other than the Sun, it is becoming possible to elaborate, revise or even replace this account. The level of

17640: 15621: 15613: 14579: 11560: 8928:"The Orbits of the Main Saturnian Satellites, the Saturnian System Gravity Field, and the Orientation of Saturn's Pole*" 2442:(from the Greek for "starlike") because even in the largest telescopes they resembled stars, without a resolvable disk. 2188:, which consisted of the Earth, Sun, Moon, and planets revolving around a "Central Fire" at the center of the Universe. 1232:

over the course of its year. The time at which each hemisphere points farthest or nearest from its star is known as its

1185:(or perihelion in the Solar System) is the angle between a planet's ascending node and its closest approach to its star. 18565: 18415: 18222: 18099: 15610: 15047: 14990: 14922: 14525: 13581: 12636: 11915: 9854: 9730: 8128: 7681: 7467:

Schorghofer, N.; Mazarico, E.; Platz, T.; Preusker, F.; Schröder, S. E.; Raymond, C. A.; Russell, C. T. (6 July 2016).

1945: 981:

system has five of its planets in shorter orbits than Mercury's, all of them much more massive than Mercury. There are

286:

Further advances in astronomy led to the discovery of over five thousand planets outside the Solar System, termed

15628: 15624: 13522: 12574:; Sykes, Mark V.; Stern, Alan; Runyon, Kirby (2019). "The Reclassification of Asteroids from Planets to Non-Planets". 9440: 3971:

gods." Earth itself was not considered a classical planet; its symbol descends from a pre-heliocentric symbol for the

2180:

initially did not attach as much significance to the planets as the Babylonians. In the 6th and 5th centuries BC, the

1723: 18598: 18232: 16484: 16457: 15619: 12369: 7010:"The Second Discovery from the COCONUTS Program: A Cold Wide-orbit Exoplanet around a Young Field M Dwarf at 10.9 pc" 6246: 6218: 3998:

has used the Ceres symbol—Ceres being the only asteroid that is also a dwarf planet. Neptune's symbol (♆) represents

3951:, antecedents of the planetary symbols were used in art to represent the gods associated with the classical planets. 3590:

calqued the names of the first 117 asteroids into Chinese, and many of their names are still used today, e.g. Ceres (

2961:

the term "sub-brown dwarfs" should be replaced by the more current "free-floating planetary mass objects". The term "

2530:

literature became scarce, except for the geologically evolved largest three: Ceres, and less often Pallas and Vesta.

220:

persist in the schemes for naming newly discovered Solar System bodies. Earth itself was recognized as a planet when

14939: 14311: 12938: 11668: 6516: 1681:. Analysis of exoplanets suggests that the threshold for being able to hold on to these light gases occurs at about 185: 18983: 18293: 18283: 17771: 16872: 15629: 14914:

The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in honor of David Noel Freedman in celebration of his sixtieth birthday

14425: 13323: 13203: 12934: 12413: 9124:

Asphaug, E.; Reufer, A. (2014). "Mercury and other iron-rich planetary bodies as relics of inefficient accretion".

4522: 2720: 2664: 2604: 2273: 1898:

of varying size and complexity. The rings are composed primarily of dust or particulate matter, but can host tiny '

1499: 1361: 789: 268: 14659: 11908:

The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C.

1979:

The motion of 'lights' moving across the sky is the basis of the classical definition of planets: wandering stars.

1879:

Several planets or dwarf planets in the Solar System (such as Neptune and Pluto) have orbital periods that are in

1734:

of water, allowing it to exist in all three states on the planet's surface, so Titan's are to the triple point of

1279: 655:, which is a second belt of small Solar System bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. Gonggong and Eris orbit in the 18368: 18319: 18242: 18081: 17384: 15022: 2740:

as sub-planetary objects) and planetary geologists continue to treat them as planets despite the IAU definition.

2185: 1178: 16400: 15064:"Minor Planet Naming Guidelines (Rules and Guidelines for naming non-cometary small Solar-System bodies) – v1.0" 14912: 10303:

Villarreal D'Angelo, Carolina; Esquivel, Alejandro; Schneiter, Matías; Sgró, Mario Agustín (21 September 2018).

1887:, and Ganymede around Jupiter, or between Enceladus and Dione around Saturn). All except Mercury and Venus have 1713:

is less than 1% that of Earth's (too low to allow liquid water to exist), while the average surface pressure of

18988: 18324: 17051: 16467: 16301: 15507: 8659: 7730: 6785:"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets, XVIII. An Earth-mass planet in the GJ 581 planetary system" 3312:, which was the word for "ground" and "dirt" as well as the world itself. As with its equivalents in the other 3206:

under different names, but the Romans lacked the rich narrative traditions that Greek poetic culture had given

1730:-rich planetary atmosphere in the Solar System other than Earth's. Just as Earth's conditions are close to the 1299:

to rotate, and the giant planets only a few hours. The rotational periods of exoplanets are not known, but for

1163: 835: 444:

matter in their orbital neighbourhoods to become planets. Protoplanets that have avoided collisions may become

12157: 11095:

Ortiz, J. L.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Sicardy, B.; Benedetti-Rossi, G.; Bérard, D.; Morales, N.; et al. (2017).

3127:

Helios and Selene were the names of both planets and gods, both of them Titans (later supplanted by Olympians

2711:(intermediate in size between Tethys and Enceladus) is not shown; it is in any case probably not a solid body. 18550: 18197: 18152: 18031: 18021: 18016: 18001: 17996: 16576: 16472: 13929: 11895: 7053: 6703: 3199: 2469:

in 1849). New "planets" were discovered every year; as a result, astronomers began tabulating the asteroids (

440: 18535: 17881: 16989: 8813:

Konacki, M.; Wolszczan, A. (2003). "Masses and Orbital Inclinations of Planets in the PSR B1257+12 System".

2858:. Complicating the matter even further, bodies too small to generate energy by fusing deuterium can form by 1883:

with each other or with smaller bodies. This is common in satellite systems (e.g. the resonance between Io,

1356:. A planet that has cleared its neighborhood has accumulated enough mass to gather up or sweep away all the 1273: 943:

distance from Earth. The frequency of occurrence of such terrestrial planets is one of the variables in the

18187: 17966: 17076: 16631: 16611: 16506: 11305: 3583: 2484: 1991:, being visible to the naked eye, have been known since ancient times and have had a significant impact on 1850:

detected a bright spot on its surface, apparently created by the magnetosphere of an orbiting hot Jupiter.

1638: 935: 307: 17841: 16994: 15626: 13545: 12518: 10429: 9368: 7752:

Goldstein, R. M.; Carpenter, R. L. (1963). "Rotation of Venus: Period Estimated from Radar Measurements".

2445:

The situation was stable for four decades, but in the 1840s several additional asteroids were discovered (

1424:-to-pole diameter. Generally, a planet's shape may be described by giving polar and equatorial radii of a 469: 460: 18843: 18530: 18329: 17151: 16677: 16606: 16571: 15604: 15598: 14060: 11585: 11464:"Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science" 8579: 8393: 7008:

Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Claytor, Zachary R.; Best, William M. J.; et al. (1 August 2021).

4893: 3523: 2100:

in the first and second millennia BC. The oldest surviving planetary astronomical text is the Babylonian

1395: 1208:

is about 23.4°. It oscillates between 22.1° and 24.5° on a 41,000-year cycle and is currently decreasing.

213: 17988: 16591: 14112: 8157: 2276:, astronomy developed further in India and the medieval Islamic world. In 499 CE, the Indian astronomer 1565:

Illustration of the interior of Jupiter, with a rocky core overlaid by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen

611:. In increasing order of average distance from the Sun, the ones generally agreed among astronomers are 18978: 18890: 18654: 18363: 18358: 18348: 18106: 17766: 17066: 16867: 16750: 16733: 16699: 15625: 15567: 14978: 14267: 11910:, The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 276–292, 11580: 10275: 9940:; Fortney, Jonathan J. (2007). "A map of the day-night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733 b". 6884: 6792: 5036: 4289: 2699:

The planetary-mass moons to scale, compared with Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Pluto. Sub-planetary

2101: 1347: 1249: 847: 11463: 10713: 8061: 8004: 7282: 6376: 4335: 3979: 2518:

had been discovered at that time, Pluto kept its planetary status, only officially losing it in 2006.

2010: 1432:. From such a specification, the planet's flattening, surface area, and volume can be calculated; its 396:. After a planet reaches a mass somewhat larger than Mars's mass, it begins to accumulate an extended 354: 18624: 18593: 18343: 18011: 17796: 17680: 16909: 16884: 16694: 14242: 14132:

Huxley, Margaret (2000). "The Gates and Guardians in Sennacherib's Addition to the Temple of Assur".

12541: 10621: 10613: 8977:"Sizes, shapes, and derived properties of the saturnian satellites after the Cassini nominal mission" 8751: 6124:

Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. A. (1992). "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12".

3972: 3559: 3535: 3527: 3109: 2633: 1807: 1718: 1570: 1556: 1365: 974: 15622: 15107: 12652:

Park, Ryan S.; Folkner, William M.; Konopliv, Alexander S.; Williams, James G.; et al. (2017).

12245:

Goldstein, Bernard R. (1997). "Saving the phenomena: the background to Ptolemy's planetary theory".

12011: 11876:

Rochberg, Francesca (2000). "Astronomy and Calendars in Ancient Mesopotamia". In Jack Sasson (ed.).

9560: 9037: 1899: 18353: 18298: 18159: 18051: 17946: 17706: 17349: 17200: 16805: 13872:

Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2022). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet".

13658: 12842: 10847:

Fortes, A. D. (2000). "Exobiological implications of a possible ammonia-water ocean inside Titan".

10133:

Benneke, Björn; Wong, Ian; Piaulet, Caroline; Knutson, Heather A.; et al. (10 December 2019).

6282:

Barclay, Thomas; Rowe, Jason F.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Huber, Daniel; et al. (28 February 2013).

5384: 3948: 3551: 3543: 2668: 2625:

Object has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a

2499: 2131:

and their relationships with various celestial phenomena including the motions of the planets. The

553: 380: 166: 18066: 15025:. Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland – via Google Books. 14681: 9273:

Podolak, M.; Weizman, A.; Marley, M. (December 1995). "Comparative models of Uranus and Neptune".

7182: 4935:

D'Angelo, G.; Podolak, M. (2015). "Capture and Evolution of Planetesimals in Circumjovian Disks".

4087: 2013: 2003:. In ancient times, astronomers noted how certain lights moved across the sky, as opposed to the " 1033: 18875: 18724: 18575: 18278: 18202: 17776: 17314: 16889: 16716: 16363: 16267: 16174: 15874: 15724: 15615: 15606: 14708: 12546: 12321: 11799: 11535: 10646: 9937: 9788:

S. I. Rasoonl & C. de Bergh (1970). "The Runaway Greenhouse Effect and the Accumulation of CO

8556: 4212: 3511: 2765: 2724: 2626: 2515: 2171: 2070:, and indeed all pre-modern civilizations, it was almost universally believed that Earth was the 2063: 1819: 1665:

because their gravity is strong enough to keep gases close to the surface. Saturn's largest moon

1614: 1510: 1455: 1352:

The defining dynamic characteristic of a planet, according to the IAU definition, is that it has

636: 608: 449: 77: 20: 15063: 14985:. 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion . Graz, Austria: GrazKult (published 31 July 1993). 10812:

Grasset, O.; Sotin, C.; Deschamps, F. (2000). "On the internal structure and dynamic of Titan".

9995: 5156:

The Evolution of Dust in the Terrestrial Planet Region of Circumstellar Disks Around Young Stars

2643: 2007:", which maintained a constant relative position in the sky. Ancient Greeks called these lights 18288: 18169: 17781: 17731: 16894: 16832: 16780: 16770: 16755: 16706: 16566: 16496: 15912: 15600: 15410: 12184: 12006: 11096: 6006: 4200: 4180: – A binary system where two planetary-mass objects share an orbital axis external to both 3745:

When subsequent planets were discovered in the 18th and 19th centuries, Uranus was named for a

2572: 2369:

in 1747. At that time, Uranus, Neptune, and the asteroid belts had all not yet been discovered.

1644: 915: 904: 815: 342: 17756: 16815: 15620: 15612: 15609: 13391:

Raymond, C. A.; Ermakov, A. I.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Marchi, S.; et al. (August 2020).

13029: 12484: 12454: 11760: 9309: 8692:

Schneider, Jean (July 2016). "Exoplanets versus brown dwarfs: the CoRoT view and the future".

7687: 18968: 18257: 18026: 17901: 17801: 17635: 17260: 17187: 17061: 16914: 16877: 16765: 16760: 15560: 15472: 15266: 15037: 14333: 12554: 11843: 11067: 10645:

De Angelis, G.; Clowdsley, M. S.; Nealy, J. E.; Tripathi, R. K.; et al. (January 2004).

9514: 8887: 8758:; Valenti, Jeff A.; Anderson, Jay; Piskunov, Nikolai (2010). "The Exoplanet Orbit Database". 8302: 8118: 7390: 3662: 2962: 2695: 2507: 2374: 2324: 2221: 1975: 1932:

was shown to be surrounded by a substantial protoplanetary disk of at least 10 Earth masses.

1917: 1678: 1658: 1451: 1182: 948: 425: 17826: 16929: 14605: 14083: 13847: 12200: 12103: 11352: 10825: 10304: 9328: 9286: 9186: 8419: 8211: 7922: 7857: 7433: 6907: 6815: 6548: 5998: 5364: 5298:"On the formation and evolution of asteroid belts and their potential significance for life" 4667: 4567: 2393:, use of the term "planet" changed from something that moved around the sky relative to the 1717:

is about 92 times that of Earth's. It is likely that Venus's atmosphere was the result of a

1181:

is the angle between the reference plane's 0 longitude and the planet's ascending node. The

18833: 18781: 18674: 18617: 18570: 18545: 18525: 18135: 17806: 17721: 17417: 17344: 16822: 16775: 16432: 15884: 15849: 15844: 15738: 15689: 15662: 15618: 15597: 15450: 15380: 15333: 15329: 15247: 15138: 14844: 14390: 14369:

Falk, Michael; Koresko, Christopher (2004). "Astronomical names for the days of the week".

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Moses, Julianne (1 January 2014). "Extrasolar planets: Cloudy with a chance of dustballs".

10046: 9959: 9902: 9801: 9754: 9654: 9601: 9471: 9383: 9324: 9282: 9182: 9133: 9095: 9060: 8991: 8939: 8832: 8779: 8484: 8415: 8374: 8321: 8267: 8207: 8076: 8019: 7961: 7918: 7853: 7811: 7761: 7714: 7621: 7574: 7527: 7480: 7399: 7354: 7240: 7132: 7031: 6974: 6903: 6811: 6747: 6634: 6481: 6305: 6180: 6133: 6079: 5886: 5841: 5780: 5583: 5536: 5450: 5415: 5360: 5262: 5209: 5160: 5111: 5004: 4954: 4907: 4855: 4816: 4763: 4710: 4663: 4616: 4563: 4357: 4123: 4114: 3999: 2866: 2851: 2773: 2745: 2562: 2480: 2417: 2213: 2155: 2087: 1941: 1722:

Earth where this is so), and this region has been suggested as a plausible base for future

1601:. Jupiter and Saturn are believed to have cores of rock and metal surrounded by mantles of 1319: 1122: 1102: 1047: 892: 858: 644: 616: 612: 587:, Uranus and Neptune, are primarily composed of low-boiling-point materials such as water, 563:

The planets of the Solar System can be divided into categories based on their composition.

299: 256: 248: 15601: 15599: 9226: 4018: 3918: 3629:, the seven traditional planets have (for the most part) descriptive names—the Sun is חמה 2833: 2807:

that is greater than 1 for planets. The eight known planets and all known exoplanets have

1951:

planet, as opposed to other objects, has changed several times. It previously encompassed

1605:. Uranus and Neptune, which are smaller, have rocky cores surrounded by mantles of water, 1391: 911:

consists mostly of planets the size of Neptune and smaller, down to smaller than Mercury.

8: 18940: 18669: 18338: 17886: 17866: 17821: 17791: 17600: 17595: 17394: 17274: 17163: 17001: 16974: 16924: 16728: 16186: 15879: 15731: 15371:

Francisca Herschel (August 1917). "The meaning of the symbol H+o for the planet Uranus".

14724: 14626: 13591: 12362:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

11894:(1991), "The culture of Babylonia: Babylonian mathematics, astrology, and astronomy", in 11097:"The size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet Haumea from a stellar occultation" 5804: 4105: 4096: 4081: 3987: 3927: 3894: 3849: 3798: 3750: 3272:

are straightforward translations of these Roman names. The other days were renamed after

3234: 3216: 3115: 3043: 2933: 2821: 2780: 2769: 2584: 2281: 1996: 1925: 1868: 1714: 1429: 1409: 1401: 1267: 1221: 1217: 930:. Since that time, more than 100 planets have been identified that are approximately the 667: 640: 530:)—appears to determine the likelihood that a star will have planets. Hence, a metal-rich 376: 264: 201: 158: 80: 16082: 15961: 15384: 15337: 15251: 15142: 14848: 14394: 14028: 13975: 13895: 13804: 13778: 13741: 13681: 13408: 13288: 13253: 13249: 13058: 12901: 12858: 12799: 12758: 12669: 12597: 12421: 12258: 12064: 11489: 11272: 11207: 11125: 11053: 10998: 10931: 10860: 10762: 10662: 10557: 10480: 10389: 10220: 10160: 10095: 10050: 9963: 9906: 9805: 9758: 9658: 9605: 9475: 9387: 9137: 9099: 9064: 9007: 8995: 8943: 8836: 8783: 8488: 8378: 8325: 8271: 8080: 8023: 7965: 7865: 7815: 7765: 7718: 7625: 7578: 7531: 7484: 7403: 7358: 7244: 7176: 7136: 7083: 7035: 6978: 6751: 6638: 6485: 6309: 6184: 6137: 6083: 5890: 5845: 5784: 5718: 5587: 5540: 5454: 5419: 5266: 5213: 5164: 5115: 5062: 5008: 4958: 4911: 4859: 4820: 4767: 4714: 4620: 4575: 4416: 4361: 4072: 4063: 4054: 3912: 3903: 3867: 3119:, the gleamer. The Greeks assigned each planet to one among their pantheon of gods, the 1169:

The points at which a planet crosses above and below its reference plane are called its

18928: 18916: 18738: 18659: 17934: 17851: 17811: 17726: 17426: 17307: 17254: 17124: 17071: 16949: 16919: 16827: 16640: 15771: 15602: 14862: 14780: 14772: 14406: 14380: 14280: 14217:

Mesopotamian Astrology: An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination

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Mayor, Michel; Queloz, Didier (1995). "A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star".

13727: 13693: 13667: 13471: 13428: 13369: 13070: 13044: 12870: 12693: 12609: 12583: 12270: 12084: 12076: 11972: 11795: 11753: 11718: 11501: 11475: 11364: 11338: 11284: 11258: 11155: 11111: 11010: 10956: 10915: 10782: 10748: 10577: 10543: 10500: 10466: 10409: 10375: 10250: 10182: 10146: 10115: 10062: 10036: 9983: 9949: 9918: 9892: 9825: 9770: 9722: 9670: 9644: 9617: 9591: 9495: 9399: 9198: 9172: 8957: 8873: 8848: 8822: 8795: 8769: 8725: 8697: 8548: 8502: 8474: 8431: 8405: 8364: 8337: 8311: 8257: 8223: 8197: 7985: 7934: 7785: 7637: 7611: 7543: 7517: 7370: 7344: 7256: 7230: 7148: 7122: 7065: 7021: 6990: 6964: 6919: 6893: 6827: 6801: 6765: 6737: 6697: 6657: 6624: 6610: 6497: 6471: 6413: 6337: 6295: 6149: 6103: 6069: 5910: 5831: 5796: 5599: 5573: 5474: 5309: 5278: 5252: 5225: 5199: 5168: 5135: 5101: 5028: 4970: 4944: 4897: 4806: 4779: 4753: 4726: 4700: 4632: 4606: 4381: 4347: 4206: 4141: 4045: 4027: 3858: 3810: 3770: 3746: 3666: 3313: 3240: 3012: 2909:. Brown dwarfs are generally considered stars due to their theoretical ability to fuse 2890: 2488: 2378: 2296: 2228: 1758: 1710: 1487: 1370: 1327: 1292: 985:, such as 51 Pegasi b, that orbit very close to their star and may evaporate to become 564: 535: 504: 413: 327: 290:. These often show unusual features that the Solar System planets do not show, such as 146: 142: 104: 16055: 16018: 14455: 13983: 13689: 12909: 12818: 12783: 10833: 10454: 10058: 9766: 8088: 8031: 7144: 6986: 6168: 6033: 4966: 4132: 4036: 3885: 3448:) for the western Iranian god Tīriya (patron of scribes), analogous to Nabu; Venus is 1038: 607:

Dwarf planets are gravitationally rounded, but have not cleared their orbits of other

18728: 18182: 17816: 17564: 17559: 17508: 17358: 17114: 16684: 16626: 16417: 16306: 16232: 16167: 15896: 15193: 15043: 15008:"El-Masūdī's Historical Encyclopaedia, entitled "Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems."" 14986: 14918: 14866: 14784: 14521: 14410: 14339: 14284: 14272: 14221: 14169: 14149: 14044: 14036: 13991: 13911: 13623: 13491: 13432: 13420: 13302: 13074: 12998:. Vol. 8. Chicago and New York: R. S. Peale and J. A. Hill. pp. 3553–3554. 12960: 12874: 12823: 12719: 12697: 12632: 12613: 12571: 12460: 12433: 12365: 12300: 12274: 12212: 12149: 12109: 12088: 11935: 11911: 11849: 11815: 11805: 11764: 11736:

Ronan, Colin (1996). "Astronomy Before the Telescope". In Walker, Christopher (ed.).

11722: 11701:

Neugebauer, Otto E. (1945). "The History of Ancient Astronomy Problems and Methods".

11505: 11459: 11368: 11219: 11159: 11147: 11075: 11014: 10980: 10961: 10943: 10774: 10674: 10625: 10581: 10569: 10504: 10492: 10401: 10336: 10305:"Magnetized winds and their influence in the escaping upper atmosphere of HD 209458b" 10242: 10202:"The signature of hot hydrogen in the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b" 10186: 10174: 10107: 9975: 9922: 9850: 9817: 9774: 9726: 9693: 9621: 9520: 9499: 9487: 9294: 9253: 9202: 9072: 8961: 8891: 8729: 8715: 8587: 8497: 8462: 8227: 8124: 7977: 7952:

Liu, Han-Shou; O'Keefe, John A. (1965). "Theory of Rotation for the Planet Mercury".

7777: 7677: 7547: 7201: 7069: 7057: 6994: 6769: 6760: 6725: 6662: 6501: 6493: 6417: 6341: 6329: 6321: 6095: 5978: 5902: 5800: 5694: 5624: 5603: 5595: 5466: 5427: 5376: 5329: 5127: 5020: 4974: 4915: 4730: 4636: 4628: 4579: 4443:"Working Group on Extrasolar Planets (WGESP) of the International Astronomical Union" 4385: 4373: 4197: – Planetary objects that have a mass smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres 3840: 3778: 3766: 3758: 3658: 3501: 3346: 3341: 3300:

considered similar or equivalent to Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and Venus, respectively.

3249: 3222: 3086: 3051: 2716: 2677: 1956: 1888: 1880: 1859: 1669:

also has a substantial atmosphere thicker than that of Earth; Neptune's largest moon

1602: 1421: 1237: 1063: 970: 598: 571:

and metal: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Earth is the largest terrestrial planet.

531: 488: 478: 445: 417: 311: 276: 240: 16138: 15286: 14099: 13697: 13392: 13324:"An organically grown planet definition — Should we really define a word by voting?" 12535: 11991: 11424: 11288: 10891: 10786: 10736: 10413: 9674: 9403: 8852: 8799: 8506: 8435: 8394:"MOST detects variability on tau Bootis possibly induced by its planetary companion" 8341: 7989: 7938: 7789: 7374: 7305: 7260: 7152: 6923: 5918: 5914: 5478: 5282: 5229: 4783: 4491: 3582:

based on the roles of those gods in Roman and Greek mythology. In the 19th century,

3370:, which incorporates the seven traditional planets and the ascending and descending 2078:

perceptions that Earth was solid and stable and that it was not moving but at rest.

1527:, one of the first exoplanets discovered, which was found in 1992 in orbit around a 826:

is a planet outside the Solar System. As of 24 July 2024, there are 7,026 confirmed

259:, later found to be the largest member of the collection of icy bodies known as the 18973: 18952: 18714: 18560: 18308: 18071: 18061: 17921: 17871: 17761: 17751: 17675: 17605: 17590: 17389: 17175: 16979: 16969: 16862: 16837: 16247: 16217: 16062: 15936: 15776: 15641: 14852: 14764: 14720: 14622: 14486: 14398: 14262: 14254: 14141: 14087: 14032: 13979: 13899: 13855: 13851: 13820: 13808: 13745: 13685: 13481: 13412: 13358:. Cambridge Planetary Science series no. 21, Cambridge University Press, pp. 72–73. 13292: 13164: 13138: 13135: 13062: 12905: 12862: 12813: 12803: 12762: 12683: 12673: 12601: 12425: 12262: 12204: 12068: 12016: 11964: 11903: 11899: 11787: 11710: 11603: 11493: 11356: 11276: 11227: 11211: 11194: 11137: 11129: 11002: 10985: 10951: 10935: 10864: 10829: 10766: 10666: 10561: 10484: 10393: 10326: 10316: 10254: 10232: 10224: 10164: 10119: 10099: 10082: 10054: 9987: 9967: 9910: 9829: 9809: 9762: 9718: 9662: 9609: 9479: 9391: 9332: 9290: 9190: 9141: 9103: 9068: 8999: 8947: 8883: 8840: 8787: 8711: 8707: 8622: 8618: 8492: 8423: 8329: 8275: 8215: 8084: 8027: 7969: 7926: 7861: 7769: 7722: 7641: 7629: 7582: 7535: 7488: 7407: 7362: 7248: 7140: 7049: 7039: 6982: 6911: 6831: 6819: 6755: 6652: 6642: 6489: 6405: 6400: 6313: 6153: 6141: 6107: 6087: 5894: 5867: 5849: 5788: 5757:

Grundy, W.M.; Noll, K.S.; Buie, M.W.; Benecchi, S.D.; et al. (December 2018).

5591: 5544: 5458: 5423: 5372: 5368: 5319: 5270: 5217: 5139: 5119: 5032: 5012: 4962: 4847: 4798: 4771: 4718: 4671: 4624: 4571: 4487: 4365: 4188: 3876: 3826: 3762: 3626: 3435: 3380: 3352: 3297: 3228: 3120: 3027: 3008: 2994: 2474: 2473:) separately from the major planets and assigning them numbers instead of abstract 2399: 2328: 2259: 2243: 2139: 1984: 1840: 1578: 1413: 1312: 1287: 1286:

The rotation of a planet can be induced by several factors during formation. A net

1023: 986: 831: 763: 681: 519: 511: 496: 432: 283:

more broadly, including dwarf planets as well as rounded satellites like the Moon.

225: 107: 65: 15355: 15323: 15155: 15010:. Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland – via Google Books. 14091: 13244:. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, International Astronomical Union: 1. 13195: 11360: 10066: 9337: 9194: 8219: 7973: 7810:. Voyager "Uranus-Neptune" Workshop Pasadena 6–8 February 1984. pp. 327–347. 6852: 6835: 6823: 3817:, who carries the souls of the newly deceased to the underworld (Pluto's domain). 2926:

increased. The current official working definition of an exoplanet is as follows:

18763: 18006: 17846: 17746: 17670: 17660: 17439: 17046: 16944: 16852: 16743: 16721: 16518: 16462: 16452: 16242: 16222: 16191: 16179: 16133: 16121: 16025: 16008: 15968: 15946: 15941: 14402: 14318: 14215: 14184: 14119: 13653: 13518: 12605: 12514: 12488: 12404:

Ragep, Sally P. (2007). "Ibn Sina, Abu Ali (980?1037)". In Thomas Hockey (ed.).

11590: 11497: 9844: 9613: 9395: 9107: 9003: 8522:"Converting GPS Height into NAVD88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model" 8521: 8427: 7773: 7726: 7539: 7252: 6955:(2015). "A Definition for Giant Planets Based on the Mass-Density Relationship". 6948: 6915: 5853: 5792: 5656: 5618: 4990:"Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary–planet gravitational encounter" 4775: 4722: 4676: 4651: 3805:(originally specifically from fairy mythology, but that ended with the naming of 3699: 3207: 3203: 3195: 2799: 2708: 2539: 2526: 2132: 2119: 2092:

The first civilization known to have a functional theory of the planets were the

1914: 1873: 1835: 1815: 1766: 1586: 1417: 1255: 1213: 1174: 1132: 1093:

in the Solar System, whereas its farthest separation from the star is called its

1071: 737: 703: 697: 693: 660: 428:

by Neptune, and Earth's Moon and Pluto's Charon might have formed in collisions.

92: 13903: 12020: 11629: 11382: 11187: 6882:

von Bloh; et al. (2007). "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581".

6398:

Hand, Eric (20 December 2011). "Kepler discovers first Earth-sized exoplanets".

4369: 1331: 1058:

In the Solar System, all the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction as the

810: 216:

identified celestial bodies with gods, and these connections with mythology and

18828: 18791: 17911: 17906: 17711: 17620: 17030: 16810: 16800: 16738: 16601: 16528: 16489: 16410: 16383: 16237: 16211: 16101: 16072: 16050: 16040: 16030: 15983: 12926: 12788:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

12678: 12653: 12266: 11791: 11638: 11249:(2005). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk". 11215: 11006: 10939: 10488: 10169: 10134: 8952: 8927: 8747: 8003:

Correia, Alexandre C. M.; Laskar, Jacques; De Surgy, Olivier Néron (May 2003).

7879: 7602:

Winn, Joshua N.; Holman, Matthew J. (2005). "Obliquity Tides on Hot Jupiters".

7044: 7009: 4236:

like the Sun is not available. This statistic is an extrapolation from data on

3806: 3802: 3769:

are major Roman goddesses, and Pallas is an epithet of the major Greek goddess

3317: 3257: 3253: 3211: 3198:, use the Roman (Latin) names rather than the Greek ones. The Romans inherited 3073:

In ancient Greece, the two great luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, were called

3035: 3015:. (The lettering starts at b, with a considered to represent the parent star.) 2792: 2700: 2410: 2320: 2177: 2059: 1895: 1762: 1746: 1706: 1622: 1574: 1532: 1524: 1491: 1445: 1433: 1405: 1170: 1106: 1059: 944: 793: 773: 753: 749: 741: 731: 656: 568: 492: 401: 383:(a process of sticky collision) dust particles in the disk steadily accumulate 14857: 14832: 13416: 13297: 13172: 12429: 12208: 10670: 7930: 5759:"The Mutual Orbit, Mass, and Density of Transneptunian Binary Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà ( 5493: 4690: 4523:"The definition of planet is still a sore point – especially among Pluto fans" 4450: 2893:

announced the first definitive detection of an exoplanet orbiting an ordinary

1769:(on Neptune). Weather patterns detected on exoplanets include a hot region on 161:. Planets grow in this disk by the gradual accumulation of material driven by 18962: 18858: 18838: 18046: 18041: 18036: 17716: 17655: 17610: 17549: 17544: 17519: 17454: 17444: 17434: 17129: 17109: 16689: 16422: 16405: 16226: 16143: 16106: 16077: 16067: 16035: 16013: 15993: 15956: 15929: 15924: 15919: 14571: 14276: 14153: 13495: 13424: 12767: 12740: 12654:"Precession of Mercury's Perihelion from Ranging to the MESSENGER Spacecraft" 12357: 12216: 12153: 11819: 11576: 11223: 10947: 10778: 10573: 10530:

Fortney, Jonathan J.; Dawson, Rebekah I.; Komacek, Thaddeus D. (March 2021).

10496: 10340: 10178: 9581: 8755: 7061: 6409: 6325: 6283: 5462: 5380: 5333: 4583: 4377: 4177: 4164: 3417: 3179: 2990: 2894: 2886: 2878: 2847: 2784: 2704: 2547: 2543: 2522: 2511: 2510:

suggested in 1964 that Pluto may be a comet. The discovery of its large moon

2433: 2416:

In the first decade of the 19th century, four new 'planets' were discovered:

2366: 2356: 2217: 2114: 1884: 1798: 1782: 1670: 1540: 1304: 888: 880: 784: 777: 767: 757: 715: 689: 648: 523: 421: 252: 221: 15508:"Out of this World: New Astronomy Symbols Approved for the Unicode Standard" 13486: 13459: 12741:"On the possible results of an encounter of Pluto with the Neptunian system" 11231: 10397: 10321: 10302: 9483: 7411: 6647: 5898: 5324: 5297: 5123: 1387: 1335: 18904: 18192: 18177: 18056: 17953: 17876: 17645: 17625: 17615: 17513: 17449: 17207: 17193: 16984: 16939: 16596: 16479: 16373: 16313: 16296: 16116: 16094: 16045: 16003: 15988: 15973: 15839: 15798: 15763: 15583: 14258: 13925: 13586: 12827: 12711: 12292: 12072: 11246: 11190:"A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit" 11151: 10965: 10868: 10678: 10405: 10246: 10135:"Water Vapor and Clouds on the Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b" 10111: 9979: 9821: 9491: 9432: 7981: 7781: 7587: 7562: 6666: 6333: 6099: 5906: 5470: 5131: 5024: 4527: 3940:

of the corresponding Greek names, and the symbol for Mercury is a stylized

3786: 3645:

or "the planet" (given its lack of distinguishing features), Mars is מאדים

3191: 3183: 3039: 3019: 3000: 2966: 2882: 2788: 2737: 2707:(about the same size as Mimas) have been included for comparison. Unimaged 2673: 2610: 2592: 2576: 2470: 2344: 2340: 2312: 2304: 2181: 2124: 2075: 1988: 1960: 1921: 1731: 1666: 1467: 1463: 1357: 1323: 1254:

The planets rotate around invisible axes through their centres. A planet's

959: 931: 919: 918:

team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized exoplanets orbiting a

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data suggests a minimum average of 1.6 bound planets for every star in the

745: 727: 719: 707: 572: 547: 405: 388: 272: 123: 100: 33: 14544:

The Origin and Early Development of the Nine Planetary Deities (Navagraha)

12966:

An introduction to astronomy, to which is added an astronomical vocabulary

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Molnar, L. A.; Dunn, D. E. (1996). "On the Formation of Planetary Rings".

8463:"The Total Number of Giant Planets in Debris Disks with Central Clearings" 8062:"Long-Term Evolution of the Spin of Venus, Part II: Numerical Simulations" 3418: 2327:

accepted that the Earth rotates around its axis. In the 11th century, the

2212:), though this had long been known in Mesopotamia. In the 3rd century BC, 1420:, whose equatorial diameter is 43 kilometers (27 mi) larger than the 28: 18807: 18748: 18640: 18118: 17896: 17891: 17861: 17831: 17786: 17741: 17736: 17665: 17650: 17585: 17529: 17524: 17490: 17475: 17470: 17464: 17248: 17242: 17025: 17013: 17008: 16959: 16934: 16904: 16899: 16847: 16842: 16667: 16581: 16540: 16501: 16378: 16203: 16126: 16089: 15978: 14983:

Beiträge Zum 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion ( 23–27 September 1991)

14755:

Stieglitz, Robert (April 1981). "The Hebrew names of the seven planets".

14385: 13750: 13715: 13555: 13393:"Impact-driven mobilization of deep crustal brines on dwarf planet Ceres" 13141:. California Institute of Technology, Department of Geological Sciences. 13049: 12688: 12523:. Vol. 1. Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society. p. 100. 12353: 11891: 11804:(Advanced ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. p. 58. 11263: 10753: 10565: 10380: 9914: 9649: 8827: 8316: 8280: 8245: 7616: 7493: 7468: 7349: 6952: 5257: 5204: 4885: 4237: 4233: 3954: 3774: 3487: 3473: 3305: 3245: 3031: 2906: 2837: 2580: 2568: 2300: 2289: 2097: 2004: 1907: 1903: 1863: 1770: 1544: 1308: 1300: 1212:

Planets have varying degrees of axial tilt; they spin at an angle to the

1142: 1051: 1002: 990: 982: 963: 955: 896: 723: 652: 534:

is more likely to have a substantial planetary system than a metal-poor,

515: 393: 295: 291: 260: 96: 15023:"Historical Encyclopaedia: Entitled "Meadows of gold and mines of gems"" 14309:

Rengel, Marian; Daly, Kathleen N. (2009).

11133: 10916:"Biological methane production under putative Enceladus-like conditions" 10228: 9971: 9745:

Basilevsky, Alexandr T.; Head, James W. (2003). "The surface of Venus".

6783:

Mayor, Michel; Bonfils, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; et al. (2009).

6317: 6254: 6091: 5016: 3113:, the light bringer; and the fleeting final planet, Mercury, was called 263:. The discovery of other large objects in the Kuiper belt, particularly 18848: 18812: 18769: 18089: 17856: 17630: 17554: 17480: 17459: 17267: 17214: 16954: 16533: 16111: 14161: 12921: 12919: 11142: 10331: 10237: 4743: 4194: 4156: 4152: 3587: 3371: 2870: 2394: 2382: 2350: 2308: 2201: 2193: 2189: 2158:. These would remain the only known planets until the invention of the 2071: 1913:

No secondary characteristics have been observed around exoplanets. The

1831: 1824: 1754: 1742: 1698:, so that Earth and Venus are near the maximum size for rocky planets. 1662: 1634: 1536: 1531:. Its mass is roughly half that of the planet Mercury. Even smaller is 1296: 1205: 1195: 1110: 1101:). As a planet approaches periastron, its speed increases as it trades 1090: 1086: 940: 927: 923: 862: 843: 670:

or satellite planets—moons large enough to take on ellipsoidal shapes:

557: 436: 400:, greatly increasing the capture rate of the planetesimals by means of 397: 303: 15447:"NASA's Solar System Exploration: Multimedia: Gallery: Pluto's Symbol" 14981:[The role of astronomy in the cultures of the Mesopotamians]. 14776: 13950: 13546:"Asteroid Hygiea May be the Smallest Dwarf Planet in the Solar System" 11990:

Kasak, Enn; Veede, Raul (2001). Mare Kõiva; Andres Kuperjanov (eds.).

11976: 11094: 10981:"Bayesian analysis of Enceladus's plume data to assess methanogenesis" 9813: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3555: 3547: 3539: 3531: 103:

has eight planets by the most restrictive definition of the term: the

18752: 18704: 18679: 18664: 17539: 17534: 17500: 17485: 17374: 17228: 17221: 16650: 16616: 16447: 16368: 16291: 16286: 16257: 15998: 15951: 15820: 15803: 13812: 13550: 12080: 11934:. State Archives of Assyria. Vol. 8. Helsinki University Press. 10735:

Shkolnik, E.; Walker, G. A. H.; Bohlender, D. A. (10 November 2003).

9145: 6521: 6145: 4652:"Enhanced Collisional Growth of a Protoplanet that has an Atmosphere" 3991: 3367: 3160: 3004: 2977: 2910: 2898: 2855: 2843: 2466: 2446: 2336: 2277: 2205: 2159: 2109: 2093: 2043: 2019: 2000: 1992: 1847: 1778: 1750: 1709:, but differ drastically in density: the average surface pressure of 1618: 1495: 1476: 1200: 978: 900: 873: 851: 827: 823: 805: 711: 685: 584: 576: 409: 372: 287: 244: 232: 183: 154: 16252: 15539: 15242:

Maunder, A.S.D. (1934). "The origin of the symbols of the planets".

14145: 12916: 10103: 8246:"Masses and densities of dwarf planet satellites measured with ALMA" 7702: 7508:

Carry, B.; et al. (2009). "Physical properties of (2) Pallas".

6580:"Astronomers answer key question: How common are habitable planets?" 1649: 503:(smaller planets will lose any atmosphere they gain through various 267:, spurred debate about how exactly to define a planet. In 2006, the 18700: 17929: 17281: 17119: 16586: 16442: 16427: 16162: 15869: 15717: 14768: 14655: 13886: 13732: 13672: 13476: 13199: 12930: 12866: 12588: 12137: 11968: 11714: 11480: 11280: 11116: 10770: 10548: 10471: 10453:

Showman, Adam P.; Tan, Xianyu; Parmentier, Vivien (December 2020).

10151: 9897: 9666: 9177: 8878: 8844: 8791: 8702: 8333: 8262: 8202: 7703:"Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter" 7633: 7366: 7026: 6969: 6742: 6726:"Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds" 6684:. Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011 5836: 5549: 5524: 5274: 5221: 5106: 4949: 4352: 4284:

rather than Chinese characters, e.g. 명왕성 for Pluto. In Vietnamese,

3983: 3959: 3941: 3937: 3754: 3712:, "withdrawer"). Multiple suggested etymologies exist for Mercury ( 3097: 2914: 2761: 2538:

satellites as secondary planets, even non-round ones like Saturn's

2438: 2421: 2332: 2316: 2233: 2197: 2105: 1952: 1727: 1598: 1561: 1425: 1233: 1147: 1098: 1094: 1067: 879:

The first confirmed discovery of an exoplanet orbiting an ordinary

839: 632: 580: 217: 19:

This article is about the astronomical object. For other uses, see

14911:

Meyers, Carol L.; O'Connor, M.; O'Connor, Michael Patrick (1983).

14074: 14019: 13966: 13390: 11343: 10041: 9954: 9596: 8774: 8479: 8410: 8369: 7806:

Belton, M. J. S.; Terrile, R. J. (1984). Bergstralh, J. T. (ed.).

7522: 7235: 7127: 6898: 6806: 6629: 6476: 6300: 6074: 5578: 5314: 4902: 4811: 4758: 4705: 4611: 3244:(Cronus). Some Romans, following a belief possibly originating in 1827:

with the solar wind, which cannot effectively protect the planet.

1436:

can be computed knowing its size, shape, rotation rate, and mass.

1408:). However, planets are not perfectly spherical; for example, the 954:

There are types of planets that do not exist in the Solar System:

387:

to form ever-larger bodies. Local concentrations of mass known as

17941: 16523: 16511: 16437: 15830: 15808: 15683: 15668: 14804: 13377: 12992:

Hunter, Robert; Williams, John A.; Heritage, S. J., eds. (1897).

12288: 10737:"Evidence for Planet-induced Chromospheric Activity on HD 179949" 6369:"NASA Discovers First Earth-size Planets Beyond Our Solar System" 4554:

Wetherill, G. W. (1980). "Formation of the Terrestrial Planets".

4160: 3967: 3782: 3519: 3459: 3411: 3393: 3132: 3103: 3091: 3030:

are derived from naming practices developed consecutively by the

2715:

The IAU definition has not been universally used or accepted. In

2503: 2462: 2458: 2429: 2386: 2285: 2238: 2147: 2067: 1735: 1610: 1606: 1229: 1166:, i.e. in the direction opposite to its parent planet's rotation. 1159: 1079: 1066:

as seen from above the Sun's north pole. At least one exoplanet,

1046:. Note the elongation of Pluto's orbit in relation to Neptune's ( 592: 588: 420:

of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus formed in a similar way; however,

162: 138: 126: 49: 41: 14057: 13926:"ESO telescopes help uncover largest group of rogue planets yet" 12446: 11786: 11189: 10912: 10644: 10616:. In Lucy-Ann McFadden; Paul Weissman; Torrence Johnson (eds.). 10276:"Hubble Probes Layer-cake Structure of Alien World's Atmosphere" 9461: 9031: 8866:

Veras, Dimitri (2021). "Planetary Systems Around White Dwarfs".

8355:

Singal, Ashok K. (May 2014). "Life on a tidally-locked planet".

8294: 7466: 3578:王星 "underworld king star") in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese are 3510:

China and the countries of eastern Asia historically subject to

2684: 1466:

limit is estimated to be around 75 to 80 times that of Jupiter (

18252: 17580: 17404: 16155: 16150: 15864: 15859: 15825: 15813: 15710: 15703: 15678: 15673: 15552: 13582:"The solar system may have a new smallest dwarf planet: Hygiea" 13460:"Interpreting the densities of the Kuiper belt's dwarf planets" 13283:, San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific: 205–213, 13231:"(134340) Pluto, (136199) Eris, and (136199) Eris I (Dysnomia)" 13108: 12385:

Bausani, Alessandro (1973). "Cosmology and Religion in Islam".

7388:

Peter Goldreich (November 1966). "History of the Lunar Orbit".

4884: 4417:"IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes" 4285: 4281: 4209: – Phrase used to remember the planets of the Solar System 4003: 3814: 3790: 3579: 3405: 3167: 3139: 3128: 3081: 3075: 3067: 3059: 3055: 2874: 2859: 2757: 2753: 2588: 2454: 2450: 2425: 2403: 2390: 2151: 1929: 1814:

One important characteristic of the planets is their intrinsic

1702: 1594: 1528: 1225: 866: 628: 624: 527: 487:

The energetic impacts of the smaller planetesimals (as well as

368: 239:

broadened to include objects only visible with assistance: the

150: 134: 130: 45: 37: 18609: 15544: 15216:. Florence, Italy: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza . 14910: 14322:. United States: Facts On File, Incorporated. p. 66. 13354:

Sean Solomon, Larry Nittler & Brian Anderson, eds. (2018)

12049:

Sachs, A. (2 May 1974). "Babylonian Observational Astronomy".

11244: 10647:"Radiation analysis for manned missions to the Jupiter system" 9935: 9512: 8300:, a Rapidly Rotating, Pluto-Sized Object in the Kuiper Belt". 3274: 1970: 1523:

The smallest known exoplanet with an accurately known mass is

310:

of their stars (where liquid water can potentially exist on a

17299: 16281: 15854: 15786: 15781: 15696: 15651: 15646: 15099: 13871: 13169:"How Many Dwarf Planets Are There in the Outer Solar System?" 11569: 11561: 9846:

Inner Solar System: Prospective Energy and Material Resources

6782: 4854:. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. pp. 297–317. 4805:. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. pp. 319–346. 4333: 3757:). The asteroids were initially named from mythology as well— 3515: 3427: 3399: 3387: 3363: 3292: 3280: 3047: 3023: 2749: 2619: 2494: 2477:, although they continued to be considered as small planets. 2209: 2196:

is said to have been the first to identify the evening star (

2135: 2035: 2008: 1964: 1774: 1674: 1582: 1224:

points towards it, and vice versa. Each planet therefore has

1043: 1019: 620: 500: 177: 115: 111: 84: 57: 53: 15439: 13714:

Margot, Jean-Luc; Gladman, Brett; Yang, Tony (1 July 2024).

10455:"Atmospheric Dynamics of Hot Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs" 10365: 10200:

Ballester, Gilda E.; Sing, David K.; Herbert, Floyd (2007).

9366: 9079: 5944:"How Big Is Pluto? New Horizons Settles Decades-Long Debate" 4334:

Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (1 June 2022).

3174: 1846:

In 2003, a team of astronomers in Hawaii observing the star

294:—giant planets that orbit close to their parent stars, like 15907: 15791: 15656: 15129:

Lassell, W. (1852). "Beobachtungen der Uranus-Satelliten".

12651: 12629:

In Search of Planet Vulcan: The Ghost in Newton's Clockwork

9367:

Monteux, J.; Tobie, G.; Choblet, G.; Le Feuvre, M. (2014).

8580:"10.05 – Gravity and Topography of the Terrestrial Planets" 8391: 7112: 6372: 5091: 4796: 4309: 4203: – Known extent to which a planet is suitable for life 3995: 3982:, and was intended to represent the newly discovered metal 3661:, are not the original Hebrew names of the planets. In 377 3375: 3286: 3153: 3146: 3063: 2783:

as "satellite planets", including Earth's Moon and Pluto's

2691:

List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System

2143: 2128: 1590: 1416:. Therefore, a better approximation of Earth's shape is an 675: 384: 315: 209: 119: 88: 61: 18899: 12888:

Luu, Jane X.; Jewitt, David C. (1996). "The Kuiper Belt".

8553:"Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data" 8005:"Long-Term Evolution of the Spin of Venus, Part I: Theory" 6611:"Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars" 6059: 5302:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

3362:

Non-European cultures use other planetary-naming systems.

2280:

propounded a planetary model that explicitly incorporated

1705:. The atmospheres of Mars and Venus are both dominated by 1585:. The terrestrial planets' mantles are sealed within hard 560:, whereas Mercury is the smallest, at 0.055 Earth masses. 404:. Depending on the accretion history of solids and gas, a 18541:

Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer

15636: 14335:

The Seven Day Circle: The history and meaning of the week

13656:(2015). "A quantitative criterion for defining planets". 10132: 9692:(4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 67. 9687: 7908: 4191:– A list of lists of planets sorted by diverse attributes 3963: 3665:

recorded another set of names that seem to have pagan or

2339:

devised a method of determining the Earth's radius using

1617:. The fluid action within these planets' cores creates a 1259: 205: 15056: 14979:"Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens" 14603: 10026: 9787: 9744: 8812: 7844:

Lissauer, Jack J. (September 1993). "Planet formation".

7469:"The permanently shadowed regions of dwarf planet Ceres" 6281: 5189: 3813:; Pluto's planetary-mass moon Charon is named after the 2268:

1660 illustration of Claudius Ptolemy's geocentric model

1745:

or internal energy, leading to the formation of dynamic

1116:

Each planet's orbit is delineated by a set of elements:

15287:"Proposal to Encode the Astronomical Symbol for Uranus" 12716:

Planet Quest: The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems

12570: 11458: 11328: 10734: 9883:

Horst, Sarah (2017). "Titan's Atmosphere and Climate".

9119: 9117: 8761:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

8186: 7195: 6025: 5649: 4596: 4590: 4263: 3809:). Neptune's planetary-mass moon Triton is named after 3101:, Jupiter, "bright"; the red planet, Mars was known as 2920: 1910:. The dwarf planets Haumea and Quaoar also have rings. 1412:

causes it to be slightly flattened at the poles with a

141:. The best available theory of planet formation is the 15258: 12991: 12834: 10972: 9308:

Neumann, W.; Breuer, D.; Spohn, T. (2 December 2015).

9272: 9161: 8745: 5756: 5441:

Kasting, James F. (1993). "Earth's early atmosphere".

4797:

D'Angelo, G.; Durisen, R. H.; Lissauer, J. J. (2011).

2850:, or if it was large enough to generate energy by the 1454:

binding its physical structure, leading to a state of

567:

are similar to Earth, with bodies largely composed of

314:), but Earth remains the only planet known to support 18888: 13834:

Basri, Gibor (2000). "Observations of Brown Dwarfs".

13764: 11298:"A Planet With Planets? Spitzer Finds Cosmic Oddball" 10811: 9034:"Cassini Finds Saturn Moon Has Planet-Like Qualities" 8002: 6609:

Petigura, E. A.; Howard, A. W.; Marcy, G. W. (2013).

6461: 5820: 4288:

are more common than directly reading these names as

2999:

The naming of planets differs between planets of the

1967:, and there continues to be some disagreement today. 1303:, their proximity to their stars means that they are 15020: 14706: 14004: 13171:. California Institute of Technology. Archived from 12287: 10906: 10529: 10452: 10278:(Press release). Space Telescope Science Institute. 10199: 9634: 9114: 9085: 8586:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 153–193, 8461:

Faber, Peter; Quillen, Alice C. (26 November 2007).

7831:

The Outer Worlds; Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and Beyond

6517:"NASA discovery doubles the number of known planets" 4928: 3170:, messenger of the gods and god of learning and wit. 2811:

values above 100, while Ceres, Pluto, and Eris have

2779:

Planetary geologists may include the nineteen known

2502:

suggested that Pluto may be an escaped satellite of

2351:

Scientific Revolution and discovery of outer planets

2288:. Aryabhata's followers were particularly strong in 1042:

The orbit of the planet Neptune compared to that of

865:

announced the discovery of two planets orbiting the

814:

Exoplanet detections per year as of August 2023 (by

251:

and other bodies later recognized to be part of the

14837:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

14372:

Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada

13790: 13619:"Why we need a new definition of the word 'planet'" 13511:"Should Large Moons Be Called 'Satellite Planets'?" 13502: 13268: 12478: 12476: 12406:

Ibn Sīnā: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Sīnā

11322: 10422:"NASA's Spitzer Sees Day and Night on Exotic World" 7563:"Vesta: Spin Pole, Size, and Shape from HST Images" 7007: 6608: 5860: 5405: 5159:(PhD thesis). University of Massachusetts Amherst. 5069:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. 4934: 2347:, only required observations at a single mountain. 15370: 15192:. American Philosophical Society. pp. 62–63. 13030:"Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?" 12534: 12533: 11752: 10978: 10612:Kivelson, Margaret Galland; Bagenal, Fran (2007). 9717:(2nd ed.), Academic Press, pp. 168–177, 9307: 9032:Jia-Rui C. Cook and Dwayne Brown (26 April 2012). 7751: 7657:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4262:Margot's parameter is not to be confused with the 3304:considered planets.) The name originates from the 3166:Stilbon with its speedy motion, was ruled over by 3107:, the "fiery"; the brightest, Venus, was known as 2127:period in the 7th century BC, comprises a list of 1741:Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying 518:—an astronomical term describing the abundance of 18218:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems 18213:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems 15465: 15357:Report on the history of the discovery of Neptune 14426:"Explainer: the gods behind the days of the week" 13713: 13464:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 13458:Barr, Amy C.; Schwamb, Megan E. (1 August 2016). 12840: 12746:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 12319: 10309:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 9849:. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag GmbH. p. 492. 8869:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science 8578:Wieczorek, M. A. (2015), Schubert, Gerald (ed.), 8467:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 8244:Brown, Michael E.; Butler, Bryan (October 2023). 8060:Laskar, Jacques; De Surgy, Olivier Néron (2003). 7054:20.500.11820/4f26e8e5-5d42-4259-bc20-fcb093d664b6 4280:In Korean, these names are more often written in 3657:or "justice". These names, first attested in the 2721:defined as planets by geophysical characteristics 2058:from which today's word "planet" was derived. In 1773:twice the size of the Great Red Spot, as well as 838:. Known exoplanets range in size from gas giants 18960: 17837:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules 15349: 15347: 13944: 13322:Runyon, Kirby D.; Stern, S. Alan (17 May 2018). 12473: 10607: 10605: 10603: 10428:(Press release). 12 October 2006. Archived from 9688:Zeilik, Michael A.; Gregory, Stephan A. (1998). 8921: 8919: 7196:Dvorak, R.; Kurths, J.; Freistetter, F. (2005). 5349:"Origin and Evolution of the Natural Satellites" 3089:deities; the slowest planet, Saturn, was called 2824:) to accommodate planets orbiting brown dwarfs. 2644:"IAU 2006 General Assembly: Resolutions 5 and 6" 2319:and India. These astronomers, like the polymath 579:, Jupiter and Saturn, are primarily composed of 36:with size to scale (up to down, left to right): 15596: 14191:. Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 14113:Exoplanet Criteria for Inclusion in the Archive 13709: 13707: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13017: 12052:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 11245:Luhman, K. L.; Adame, Lucía; D'Alessio, Paola; 10979:Affholder, Antonin; et al. (7 June 2021). 10611: 10532:"Hot Jupiters: Origins, Structure, Atmospheres" 10274:Weaver, Donna; Villard, Ray (31 January 2007). 10020: 9842: 9738: 9369:"Can large icy moons accrete undifferentiated?" 9213: 9211: 8513: 8162:Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado 7460: 7387: 6616:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 6391: 6277: 6275: 4465: 1050:), as well as its large angle to the ecliptic ( 15183: 15181: 12459:. Harvard University Press. pp. 216–217. 12138:"Inana and Šukaletuda: A Sumerian Astral Myth" 11992:"Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia" 11929: 11421:"When Did the Asteroids Become Minor Planets?" 11295: 11188:B. E. Morgado; et al. (8 February 2023). 10884:"Bacterial explanation for Europa's rosy glow" 10073: 9575: 9513:Coustenis, Athéna & Taylor, F. W. (2008). 9425: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8288: 8059: 7951: 7801: 7799: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6455: 6123: 5522: 4256: 4226: 1490:), an object achieves conditions suitable for 541: 360:Protoplanets colliding during planet formation 18625: 17315: 15757: 15568: 15344: 15122: 14800:"Uranus and Neptune Get Hebrew Names at Last" 14599: 14597: 14220:. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 128–129. 13037:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12566: 12564: 12520:The Scientific Papers of Sir William Herschel 12189:Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions 11954: 11884: 11848:. Oxford University Press. pp. 296–297. 11845:The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy 11454: 11452: 11450: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11442: 11414: 11412: 11410: 11408: 11042:Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 10600: 10273: 9545: 9247: 9123: 8916: 8660:"Official Working Definition of an Exoplanet" 8546: 7872: 7805: 7560: 7334: 7220: 6360: 6247:"Top Science Results from the Kepler Mission" 6208: 6206: 5977:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 425. 5866: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5242: 4987: 3742:), but there is no agreement among scholars. 3495: 3481: 3467: 3453: 3443: 2685:Criticisms and alternatives to IAU definition 1250:Exoplanetology § Rotation and axial tilt 279:have nonetheless continued to apply the term 15549:(educational site with illustrated articles) 15315: 14879: 14364: 14362: 13716:"Quantitative Criteria for Defining Planets" 13704: 13274: 13014: 12410:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers 12240: 12238: 11837: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11829: 11181: 11074:(3rd ed.). Springer. pp. 388–390. 10805: 9360: 9301: 9208: 9157: 9155: 8806: 8460: 8239: 8237: 7694: 7676:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 6424: 6272: 6119: 6117: 5693:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 59. 4890:Origin of Europa and the Galilean Satellites 4336:"The IAU working definition of an exoplanet" 3986:. An alternative symbol, ♅, was invented by 3733: 3723: 3713: 3703: 3689: 3679: 2873:announced the discovery of planets around a 2591:, were heralded in the popular press as the 1853: 375:forms at the core, surrounded by a rotating 16:Large, round non-stellar astronomical object 15237: 15235: 15178: 15092: 14949:Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities 14900:– via referenceworks.brillonline.com. 14368: 14338:. University of Chicago Press. p. 14. 14268:1871.1/f23ff882-1539-4906-bc08-049906f8d505 13836:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 13457: 13321: 12627:Baum, Richard P.; Sheehan, William (2003). 12626: 12364:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 116. 11983: 11801:The Mechanical Universe: Mechanics and Heat 10840: 9843:Badescu, Viorel (2015). Zacny, Kris (ed.). 9223:Department of Physics, University of Oregon 9044: 9025: 8968: 8645: 8243: 8180: 7846:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 7808:Rotational properties of Uranus and Neptune 7796: 7554: 6947: 6723: 6710: 5623:. 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International Astronomical Union. 2006. 3797:of Uranus are named after characters from 1150:. For exoplanets, the plane, known as the 1008: 17380:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters 15280: 15278: 15100:"IAU: WG Small Body Nomenclature (WGSBN)" 15005: 14856: 14754: 14682:"Cambridge English-Vietnamese Dictionary" 14384: 14359: 14331: 14266: 14073: 14018: 13965: 13885: 13749: 13731: 13671: 13485: 13475: 13296: 13048: 12887: 12817: 12807: 12766: 12738: 12687: 12677: 12587: 12378: 12244: 12235: 12010: 11826: 11740:. 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(2006). 12710: 11957:Journal of the American Oriental Society 11875: 11423:. U.S. Naval Observatory. Archived from 10536:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 9929: 9836: 8926:Jacobson, Robert. A. (1 November 2022). 8925: 8540: 8519: 7843: 7663: 7659:. University Science Books. p. 384. 7198:Chaos And Stability in Planetary Systems 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7162: 6881: 6555:. University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. 6169:"Planets Around the Pulsar PSR B1257+12" 5616: 4845: 4737: 4520: 4329: 4327: 4010:Some rarer planetary symbols in Unicode 3641:or "the bright planet", Mercury is כוכב 3614:神星 "pregnancy goddess star"), Makemake ( 3173: 2694: 2360: 2263: 2165: 1974: 1935: 1867: 1802: 1648: 1560: 1272: 1199: 1037: 1034:Exoplanetology § Orbital parameters 949:intelligent, communicating civilizations 809: 597: 481:ejecta producing planet-forming material 27: 17290:) may be read as "within" or "part of". 16318:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets 15391: 15241: 15128: 14743: 14700: 14569: 14518:Greek-English, English-Greek Dictionary 14424:Ross, Margaret Clunies (January 2018). 14240: 13862: 13643: 13616: 13544:Urrutia, Doris Elin (28 October 2019). 13543: 13508: 12781: 12507: 12384: 12327:MacTutor History of Mathematics archive 12129: 12095: 11782: 11780: 11663: 11661: 11532:"Ancient Greek Astronomy and Cosmology" 11238: 11066: 9712: 9681: 8741: 8739: 7673:The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System 7418: 6724:Chen, Jingjing; Kipping, David (2016). 6577: 6571: 6433:"Two Earth-Size Planets Are Discovered" 6430: 6366: 5816: 5814: 5679: 5440: 5061:Taylor, G. Jeffrey (31 December 1998). 4981: 4790: 3637:or "the white one", Venus is כוכב נוגה 3606:神星 "hearth goddess star"), and Hygiea ( 3149:, Cronus's son who deposed him as king; 3142:, the Titan who fathered the Olympians; 2984: 2365:True-scale Solar System poster made by 2256:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world 973:, takes 88 days for an orbit, but 18961: 15546:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 15408: 15275: 15042:(6th ed.). Springer. p. 15. 14976: 14937: 14830: 14636:from the original on 21 September 2022 14570:Panaino, Antonio (20 September 2016). 14540: 14515: 14484: 14131: 13784: 13652: 13193: 13128: 13067:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058 12969:. London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 204. 12513: 12182: 12135: 12101: 11932:Astrological reports to Assyrian kings 11878:Civilizations of the Ancient Near East 11512:from the original on 11 September 2022 11419:Hilton, James L. 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The names of Uranus ( 2186:their own independent planetary theory 1924:, is believed to be orbited by a tiny 1894:The four giant planets are orbited by 1757:(on Mars), a greater-than-Earth-sized 1486:(at least for objects with solar-type 1338:appear to be mutually tidally locked. 883:star occurred on 6 October 1995, when 510:With the discovery and observation of 18613: 18556:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets 17303: 15556: 15353: 15284: 15220:from the original on 27 February 2018 15206: 15187: 15156:"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature" 15104:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature 15071:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature 14582:from the original on 24 February 2023 14241:Cecilia, Ludovica (6 November 2019). 13833: 13617:Netburn, Deborah (13 November 2015). 13367: 13229:Green, D. W. E. (13 September 2006). 13228: 13163: 12403: 12352: 12160:from the original on 24 December 2019 12048: 11890: 11841: 11759:. 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Ceres is the largest object in the 18238:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems 18228:Habitability of neutron star systems 15321: 15190:Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus 15110:from the original on 8 February 2022 14958:from the original on 10 October 2022 14725:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2018.03.015 14627:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2007.04.020 14423: 14213: 13562:from the original on 5 November 2019 13336:from the original on 10 October 2019 13002:from the original on 30 October 2023 12995:The American Encyclopædic Dictionary 12973:from the original on 30 October 2023 12959: 12555:participating institution membership 12452: 12334:from the original on 1 February 2022 12247:Journal for the History of Astronomy 12030:from the original on 4 February 2019 11777: 11750: 11658: 11169:from the original on 7 November 2020 10006:from the original on 5 December 2022 9715:Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences 8736: 8633:from the original on 16 January 2011 7669: 7655:Seidelmann, P. Kenneth, ed. 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The Persian name for Saturn, 3431:(symbolic of time) for Saturn. 3058:; Mars after their god of war, 2827: 2208:, Greek corresponding to Latin 1573:interior consisting of a dense 1220:points away from its star, the 1179:longitude of the ascending node 840:about twice as large as Jupiter 18424:Discovered exoplanets by year 17329: 14541:Markel, Stephen Allen (1989). 13856:10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.485 13196:"Planets plan boosts tally 12" 12739:Lyttleton, Raymond A. (1936). 12718:. The Free Press. p. 57. 12299:. Princeton University Press. 11999:Electronic Journal of Folklore 11880:. 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Pluto is not 3824: 3820: 3512:Chinese cultural influence 3344:retain the old Roman word 3163:, the goddess of love; and 3095:, the shiner; followed by 2988: 2831: 2688: 2560: 2354: 2253: 2169: 2102:Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa 2085: 2081: 2036: 2009: 1939: 1928:, and the sub-brown dwarf 1857: 1796: 1642: 1632: 1554: 1502:includes objects up to 60 1443: 1385: 1348:Clearing the neighbourhood 1345: 1247: 1193: 1027: 1017: 975:ultra-short period planets 876:that produced the pulsar. 848:gravitational microlensing 803: 545: 325: 178: 18: 18867: 18821: 18800: 18688: 18647: 18594:Discoveries of exoplanets 18589: 18518: 18307: 18266: 18168: 18080: 17987: 17920: 17797:Interplanetary dust cloud 17693: 17573: 17499: 17425: 17412: 17367: 17335: 17188:Earth sciences portal 17147: 17102: 17039: 16910:Interplanetary dust cloud 16789: 16625: 16555: 16266: 16202: 15895: 15748: 15590: 15214:"Bianchini's planisphere" 15188:Jones, Alexander (1999). 15131:Astronomische Nachrichten 15073:(PDF). 20 December 2021. 14995:– via Google Books. 14927:– via Google Books. 14858:10.1017/S1743921311002432 14460:Oxford English Dictionary 14007:The Astrophysical Journal 13954:The Astrophysical Journal 13417:10.1038/s41550-020-1168-2 13298:10.1017/S1539299600013289 12843:Harrington, Robert Sutton 12542:Oxford English Dictionary 12209:10.1080/10556799908244112 11755:The Copernican Revolution 11673:Oxford English Dictionary 10741:The Astrophysical Journal 10671:10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.061 8815:The Astrophysical Journal 8156:Young, Leslie A. 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The Planetary Society. 5529:The Astrophysical Journal 5192:The Astrophysical Journal 4937:The Astrophysical Journal 4599:The Astrophysical Journal 3973:four corners of the world 3050:goddess of love with the 2634:cleared the neighbourhood 2299:mostly took place in the 2184:appear to have developed 2142:and the superior planets 1854:Secondary characteristics 1719:runaway greenhouse effect 1557:Planetary differentiation 32:The eight planets of the 18299:Open Exoplanet Catalogue 18274:Nearby Habitable Systems 18160:Transit-timing variation 17201:Local Interstellar Cloud 15913:other near-Earth objects 15265:Mattison, Hiram (1872). 14938:Eilers, Wilhelm (1976). 14516:Kambas, Michael (2004). 14487:"Etymology of "terrain"" 14317:29 December 2022 at the 14185:"Nergal A. Philological" 14122:, NASA Exoplanet Archive 13659:The Astronomical Journal 12679:10.3847/1538-3881/aa5be2 12658:The Astronomical Journal 11751:Kuhn, Thomas S. (1957). 10170:10.3847/2041-8213/ab59dc 9885:J. Geophys. Res. Planets 9637:The Astronomical Journal 9557:Solar System Exploration 9553:"Neptune: Moons: Triton" 8953:10.3847/1538-3881/ac90c9 8932:The Astronomical Journal 8117:Schutz, Bernard (2003). 7884:Solar System Exploration 7701:Bills, Bruce G. (2005). 7045:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1123 6410:10.1038/nature.2011.9688 6167:Wolszczan, Alex (2008). 5566:The Astronomical Journal 5463:10.1126/science.11536547 4799:"Giant Planet Formation" 4220: 3949:Annie Scott Dill Maunder 3698:, from the same root as 3159:Phosphoros was ruled by 3123:and the earlier Titans: 2719:, celestial objects are 2676:, provided they are not 1753:(on Earth), planet-wide 1581:that either is or was a 1551:Internal differentiation 1500:exoplanets Encyclopaedia 1479:star. Beyond roughly 13 1414:bulge around the equator 1377:Physical characteristics 1354:cleared its neighborhood 1013: 18984:Observational astronomy 18782:Agricultural Revolution 18576:Small planet radius gap 18279:Exoplanet Data Explorer 18203:Galactic habitable zone 17777:Giant-impact hypothesis 17164:Solar System portal 16890:Giant-impact hypothesis 16497:Trans-Neptunian objects 15036:Schmadel, Lutz (2012). 14656:"Planetary linguistics" 14118:27 January 2015 at the 14084:2011A&A...532A..79S 13848:2000ARA&A..38..485B 13277:Highlights of Astronomy 12547:Oxford University Press 12487:. 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(ed.). 4668:2003A&A...410..711I 4568:1980ARA&A..18...77W 4213:Theoretical planetology 3980:Johann Gottfried Köhler 3500:), is a borrowing from 3336:, and the Scandinavian 3145:Phaethon was sacred to 2913:, a heavier isotope of 2725:hydrostatic equilibrium 2627:hydrostatic equilibrium 2573:trans-Neptunian objects 2516:trans-Neptunian objects 2373:With the advent of the 2204:) as one and the same ( 2172:Ancient Greek astronomy 2162:in early modern times. 2154:were all identified by 1906:and were torn apart by 1820:electrically conducting 1767:holes in the atmosphere 1761:on Jupiter (called the 1511:Exoplanet Data Explorer 1456:hydrostatic equilibrium 1439: 1270:relative to its orbit. 1009:Dynamic characteristics 441:Poynting–Robertson drag 145:, which posits that an 21:Planet (disambiguation) 18536:Exoplanet phase curves 18374:Terrestrial candidates 18325:Multiplanetary systems 18289:NASA Exoplanet Archive 17972:Mean-motion resonances 17782:Gravitational collapse 17732:Circumstellar envelope 17052:Possible dwarf planets 16895:Gravitational collapse 16833:Circumstellar envelope 15632: 15449:. NASA. Archived from 14886:Encyclopaedia of Islam 14617:(in Chinese (China)). 14259:10.1515/aofo-2019-0014 12782:Whipple, Fred (1964). 12768:10.1093/mnras/97.2.108 12073:10.1098/rsta.1974.0008 11604:"Definition of planet" 10869:10.1006/icar.2000.6400 8664:IAU position statement 8584:Treatise on Geophysics 7588:10.1006/icar.1997.5736 7432:. NASA. Archived from 6007:NASA Exoplanet Archive 4449:. 2001. Archived from 4201:Planetary habitability 3409:('bright') for Venus, 3187: 3138:Phainon was sacred to 2958: 2733: 2712: 2660: 2370: 2269: 2156:Babylonian astronomers 2072:center of the Universe 1980: 1876: 1811: 1654: 1645:Extraterrestrial skies 1566: 1452:electromagnetic forces 1366:definition of a planet 1283: 1209: 1055: 916:Kepler space telescope 905:Kepler space telescope 903:. From then until the 899:, an exoplanet around 819: 816:NASA Exoplanet Archive 604: 69: 18989:Concepts in astronomy 18411:Potentially habitable 18316:Exoplanetary systems 18258:Superhabitable planet 18017:F/Yellow-white dwarfs 17902:Sample-return mission 17802:Interplanetary medium 17261:Laniakea Supercluster 16878:Sample-return mission 15631: 15268:High-School Astronomy 14831:Zucker, Shay (2011). 13874:New Astronomy Reviews 13487:10.1093/mnras/stw1052 12809:10.1073/pnas.52.2.565 12322:"Aryabhata the Elder" 12102:Burnet, John (1950). 11842:Evans, James (1998). 11577:Liddell, Henry George 11251:Astrophysical Journal 10920:Nature Communications 10459:Space Science Reviews 10322:10.1093/mnras/sty1544 9219:"Planetary Interiors" 8754:; Howard, Andrew W.; 8694:The CoRoT Legacy Book 8303:Astrophysical Journal 7455:Planetary Fact Sheets 7391:Reviews of Geophysics 7337:Astrophysical Journal 7312:. Personal web page. 7304:Tatum, J. B. 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Titan has the only 1673:and the dwarf planet 1652: 1564: 1276: 1203: 1183:argument of periapsis 1041: 813: 682:satellites of Jupiter 601: 348:A protoplanetary disk 176:comes from the Greek 31: 18834:Cynthia Stokes Brown 18739:formation of planets 18675:Goldilocks principle 18546:Extragalactic planet 18526:Carl Sagan Institute 17807:Interplanetary space 17722:Circumplanetary disk 17395:Planet-hosting stars 17176:Astronomy portal 17077:Solar System objects 16823:Circumplanetary disk 15480:. 1989. p. 27. 15474:The IAU Style Manual 15354:Gould, B.A. (1850). 14576:Encyclopædia Iranica 13167:(23 February 2021). 12847:Astronomical Journal 12416:. pp. 570–572. 11788:Frautschi, Steven C. 11427:on 21 September 2007 10566:10.1029/2020JE006629 9915:10.1002/2016JE005240 7494:10.1002/2016GL069368 7084:"Extrasolar Planets" 5719:"Not a Heart of Ice" 5245:Astronomical Journal 4453:on 16 September 2006 3815:ferryman of the dead 3753:(the counterpart of 3558:星 "wood star"), and 2985:Mythology and naming 2867:Aleksander Wolszczan 2852:thermonuclear fusion 2781:planetary-mass moons 2669:definition of planet 2629:(nearly round) shape 2563:Definition of planet 2214:Aristarchus of Samos 2200:) and morning star ( 2088:Babylonian astronomy 1942:History of astronomy 1334:and its parent star 1311:slowing it down and 893:University of Geneva 859:Aleksander Wolszczan 834:, with 1007 systems 764:satellite of Neptune 738:satellites of Uranus 704:satellites of Saturn 668:planetary-mass moons 335:Artists' impressions 277:planetary scientists 247:Uranus and Neptune; 18808:Big History Project 18801:Web-based education 18648:Themes and subjects 17887:Protoplanetary disk 17867:Planetary migration 17822:Interstellar medium 17601:Circumtriple planet 17596:Circumbinary planet 17275:Observable universe 17072:Solar System models 17002:Protoplanetary disk 16925:Interstellar medium 16885:Frost/Ice/Snow line 15385:1917Obs....40..306H 15338:1784vdne.book.....B 15322:Bode, J.E. 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His contemporary 2315:, and later in the 1997:religious cosmology 1926:protoplanetary disc 1777:on the hot Jupiter 1430:reference ellipsoid 1371:circumstellar discs 1268:retrograde rotation 1222:southern hemisphere 1218:northern hemisphere 377:protoplanetary disk 165:, a process called 159:protoplanetary disk 149:collapses out of a 105:terrestrial planets 17852:Nebular hypothesis 17827:Interstellar space 17812:Interstellar cloud 17792:Internal structure 17727:Circumstellar disc 17255:Virgo Supercluster 17236:Milky Way subgroup 17067:Natural satellites 16950:Nebular hypothesis 16930:Interstellar space 16920:Interstellar cloud 16828:Circumstellar disc 16418:Near-Earth objects 16302:names and meanings 15633: 15006:al-Masūdī (1841). 13932:. 22 December 2021 13751:10.3847/PSJ/ad55f3 12961:Hind, John Russell 12937:. 24 August 2006. 12572:Metzger, Philip T. 12297:Ptolemy's Almagest 11460:Metzger, Philip T. 11308:on 11 October 2012 9563:on 10 January 2008 9439:. 6 January 2011. 9250:Jupiter and Saturn 8748:Marcy, Geoffrey W. 8281:10.3847/PSJ/ace52a 7690:on 1 January 2016. 6590:on 7 November 2014 6437:The New York Times 6222:. 25 August 2016. 5954:on 9 November 2019 5494:"FAQ – Atmosphere" 5042:on 14 October 2016 4605:(1): 77 (29 pp.). 4207:Planetary mnemonic 4009: 3831: 3749:and Neptune for a 3385:. The planets are 3314:Germanic languages 3188: 3178:The Greek gods of 3013:Proxima Centauri b 3007:(planets of other 2891:Geneva Observatory 2713: 2678:natural satellites 2554:Defining the term 2489:general relativity 2379:heliocentric model 2371: 2325:Abu Sa'id al-Sijzi 2297:Islamic Golden Age 2270: 2250:Medieval astronomy 2229:Hellenistic period 1981: 1889:natural satellites 1877: 1812: 1781:, the super-Earth 1715:Venus's atmosphere 1655: 1653:Earth's atmosphere 1567: 1488:isotopic abundance 1328:triaxial ellipsoid 1293:stochastic process 1284: 1210: 1056: 932:same size as Earth 820: 790:geophysical planet 774:satellite of Pluto 605: 536:population II star 446:natural satellites 418:regular satellites 414:terrestrial planet 328:Nebular hypothesis 153:to create a young 147:interstellar cloud 143:nebular hypothesis 70: 18979:Planetary science 18886: 18885: 18761:- development of 18753:evolution of life 18715:creation of stars 18607: 18606: 18183:Astrooceanography 17817:Interstellar dust 17689: 17688: 17565:Ultra-hot Neptune 17560:Ultra-hot Jupiter 17509:Eccentric Jupiter 17359:Planetary science 17297: 17296: 17142: 17141: 17138: 17137: 17115:Lagrangian points 17087:by discovery date 16685:Human spaceflight 16656:historical models 16549: 16548: 16168:S/2015 (136472) 1 15540:Photojournal NASA 15453:on 1 October 2006 15199:978-0-87169-233-7 14345:978-0-226-98165-9 14227:978-87-7289-287-0 13799:(6356): 355–359. 13624:Los Angeles Times 13308:978-1-58381-086-6 13136:Brown, Michael E. 12725:978-0-684-83252-4 12553:(Subscription or 12466:978-0-674-07282-4 12439:978-0-333-75088-9 12306:978-0-691-00260-6 12115:978-1-4067-6601-1 11941:978-951-570-130-5 11904:Hammond, N. G. L. 11900:Edwards, I. E. S. 11855:978-0-19-509539-5 11811:978-0-521-71590-4 11770:978-0-674-17103-9 11202:(7947): 239–243. 11110:(7675): 219–223. 11081:978-3-540-00241-3 11068:Thérèse, Encrenaz 10706:"Magnetic planet" 10631:978-0-12-088589-3 10374:(5799): 623–626. 10215:(7127): 511–514. 9948:(7141): 183–186. 9814:10.1038/2261037a0 9753:(10): 1699–1734. 9699:978-0-03-006228-5 9526:978-981-270-501-3 9281:(12): 1517–1522. 9259:978-0-8160-5196-0 9126:Nature Geoscience 9040:on 27 April 2012. 8897:978-0-19-064792-6 8756:Fischer, Debra A. 8721:978-2-7598-1876-1 8619:Brown, Michael E. 8593:978-0-444-53803-1 8547:Sandwell, D. T.; 8357:Planex Newsletter 7760:(3558): 910–911. 7479:(13): 6783–6789. 7436:on 31 August 2006 7207:978-3-540-28208-2 7088:lasp.colorado.edu 6859:. 25 April 2007. 6294:(7438): 452–454. 6132:(6356): 145–147. 6068:(7380): 167–169. 5984:978-0-12-446744-6 5868:Brown, Michael E. 5700:978-0-12-446744-6 5630:978-0-521-66148-5 5449:(5097): 920–926. 5100:(6258): aad1815. 4921:978-0-8165-2844-8 4490:(21 April 2020). 4488:Lakdawalla, Emily 4270:≈3.14159265 ... . 4148: 4147: 4000:the god's trident 3934: 3933: 3789:is named after a 3659:Babylonian Talmud 3542:星 "metal star"), 3534:星 "water star"), 3476:; and Jupiter is 3342:Romance languages 3250:Hellenistic Egypt 3248:but developed in 3182:, after whom the 3009:planetary systems 2934:L4/L5 instability 2717:planetary geology 2527:asteroid families 2475:planetary symbols 1985:classical planets 1918:Cha 110913−773444 1860:Natural satellite 1834:. Jupiter's moon 1724:human exploration 1711:Mars's atmosphere 1661:have substantial 1621:that generates a 1603:metallic hydrogen 1313:atmospheric tides 1064:counter-clockwise 987:chthonian planets 832:planetary systems 552:According to the 532:population I star 520:chemical elements 512:planetary systems 505:escape mechanisms 489:radioactive decay 479:Supernova remnant 312:planetary surface 235:, the meaning of 214:multiple cultures 81:astronomical body 52:(outer planets), 18996: 18951: 18950: 18949: 18939: 18938: 18937: 18927: 18926: 18925: 18915: 18914: 18913: 18903: 18902: 18894: 18689:Eight thresholds 18660:Cosmic evolution 18634: 18627: 18620: 18611: 18610: 18561:Neptunian desert 17947:Tidally detached 17882:Planet formation 17872:Planetary system 17762:Exozodiacal dust 17752:Disrupted planet 17676:Ultra-cool dwarf 17606:Disrupted planet 17591:Chthonian planet 17423: 17422: 17407: 17390:Planetary system 17324: 17317: 17310: 17301: 17300: 17291: 17289: 17280: 17273: 17266: 17259: 17253: 17247: 17241: 17234: 17227: 17220: 17213: 17206: 17199: 17186: 17185: 17184: 17174: 17173: 17172: 17162: 17161: 17160: 16863:Exozodiacal dust 16553: 16552: 16519:Detached objects 15755: 15754: 15751: 15750: 15595: 15577: 15570: 15563: 15554: 15553: 15528: 15527: 15525: 15523: 15503: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15492: 15486: 15479: 15469: 15463: 15462: 15460: 15458: 15443: 15437: 15436: 15434: 15432: 15426: 15415: 15406: 15389: 15388: 15368: 15362: 15361: 15351: 15342: 15341: 15319: 15313: 15312: 15310: 15308: 15302: 15291: 15282: 15273: 15272: 15262: 15256: 15255: 15239: 15230: 15229: 15227: 15225: 15210: 15204: 15203: 15185: 15176: 15175: 15173: 15171: 15152: 15146: 15145: 15126: 15120: 15119: 15117: 15115: 15096: 15090: 15089: 15087: 15085: 15079: 15068: 15060: 15054: 15053: 15033: 15027: 15026: 15018: 15012: 15011: 15003: 14997: 14996: 14974: 14968: 14967: 14965: 14963: 14957: 14946: 14935: 14929: 14928: 14908: 14902: 14901: 14899: 14897: 14888:(2nd ed.). 14877: 14871: 14870: 14860: 14828: 14822: 14821: 14819: 14817: 14795: 14789: 14788: 14752: 14741: 14740: 14738: 14736: 14704: 14698: 14697: 14695: 14693: 14678: 14672: 14671: 14669: 14667: 14652: 14646: 14645: 14643: 14641: 14635: 14612: 14609: 14601: 14592: 14591: 14589: 14587: 14567: 14561: 14560: 14558: 14556: 14538: 14532: 14531: 14513: 14507: 14506: 14504: 14502: 14482: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14471: 14452: 14446: 14445: 14443: 14441: 14430:The Conversation 14421: 14415: 14414: 14388: 14386:astro-ph/0307398 14366: 14357: 14356: 14354: 14352: 14329: 14323: 14307: 14301: 14300: 14298: 14296: 14270: 14238: 14232: 14231: 14211: 14205: 14204: 14202: 14200: 14180: 14174: 14173: 14129: 14123: 14110: 14104: 14103: 14077: 14055: 14049: 14048: 14022: 14002: 13996: 13995: 13969: 13948: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13937: 13922: 13916: 13915: 13889: 13869: 13860: 13859: 13831: 13825: 13824: 13813:10.1038/378355a0 13788: 13782: 13781: 13762: 13756: 13755: 13753: 13735: 13711: 13702: 13701: 13675: 13654:Margot, Jean-Luc 13650: 13641: 13640: 13638: 13636: 13614: 13608: 13607: 13605: 13603: 13578: 13572: 13571: 13569: 13567: 13541: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13506: 13500: 13499: 13489: 13479: 13470:(2): 1542–1548. 13455: 13449: 13448: 13446: 13444: 13397:Nature Astronomy 13388: 13382: 13381: 13365: 13359: 13352: 13346: 13345: 13343: 13341: 13319: 13313: 13311: 13300: 13272: 13266: 13265: 13263: 13261: 13235: 13226: 13220: 13219: 13217: 13215: 13191: 13185: 13184: 13182: 13180: 13161: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13132: 13126: 13125: 13123: 13121: 13100: 13094: 13093: 13091: 13089: 13083: 13052: 13050:astro-ph/0608417 13034: 13025: 13012: 13011: 13009: 13007: 12989: 12983: 12982: 12980: 12978: 12957: 12951: 12950: 12948: 12946: 12923: 12914: 12913: 12885: 12879: 12878: 12853:(8): 1005–1008. 12838: 12832: 12831: 12821: 12811: 12779: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12736: 12730: 12729: 12708: 12702: 12701: 12691: 12681: 12649: 12643: 12642: 12624: 12618: 12617: 12591: 12568: 12559: 12558: 12550: 12538: 12531: 12525: 12524: 12515:Dreyer, J. L. E. 12511: 12505: 12504: 12502: 12500: 12480: 12471: 12470: 12450: 12444: 12443: 12401: 12395: 12394: 12382: 12376: 12375: 12350: 12344: 12343: 12341: 12339: 12317: 12311: 12310: 12285: 12279: 12278: 12242: 12233: 12232: 12230: 12228: 12180: 12174: 12173: 12167: 12165: 12133: 12127: 12126: 12124: 12122: 12099: 12093: 12092: 12059:(1257): 43–50 . 12046: 12040: 12039: 12037: 12035: 12029: 12014: 11996: 11987: 11981: 11980: 11952: 11946: 11945: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11888: 11882: 11881: 11873: 11867: 11866: 11864: 11862: 11839: 11824: 11823: 11784: 11775: 11774: 11758: 11748: 11742: 11741: 11733: 11727: 11726: 11698: 11692: 11688: 11686: 11684: 11665: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11626: 11620: 11619: 11617: 11615: 11600: 11594: 11573: 11572: 11565: 11564: 11558: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11547: 11528: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11483: 11456: 11437: 11436: 11434: 11432: 11416: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11379: 11373: 11372: 11346: 11326: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11313: 11292: 11266: 11264:astro-ph/0511807 11242: 11236: 11235: 11185: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11174: 11168: 11145: 11119: 11101: 11092: 11086: 11085: 11072:The Solar System 11064: 11058: 11057: 11037: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11026: 10986:Nature Astronomy 10976: 10970: 10969: 10959: 10914:February 2018). 10910: 10904: 10903: 10901: 10899: 10894:on 10 April 2008 10890:. Archived from 10879: 10873: 10872: 10844: 10838: 10837: 10820:(7–8): 617–636. 10809: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10756: 10754:astro-ph/0303557 10747:(2): 1092–1096. 10732: 10726: 10725: 10723: 10721: 10712:. Archived from 10701: 10695: 10694: 10692: 10690: 10657:(6): 1395–1403. 10642: 10636: 10635: 10609: 10598: 10597: 10595: 10593: 10551: 10527: 10521: 10520: 10518: 10516: 10474: 10450: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10417: 10383: 10381:astro-ph/0610491 10363: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10334: 10324: 10315:(3): 3115–3125. 10300: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10287: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10240: 10206: 10197: 10191: 10190: 10172: 10154: 10130: 10124: 10123: 10077: 10071: 10070: 10044: 10024: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10011: 9991: 9957: 9933: 9927: 9926: 9900: 9880: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9868: 9840: 9834: 9833: 9785: 9779: 9778: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9710: 9704: 9703: 9685: 9679: 9678: 9652: 9650:astro-ph/0410059 9632: 9626: 9625: 9599: 9579: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9559:. Archived from 9549: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9510: 9504: 9503: 9459: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9420: 9418: 9412: 9373: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9347: 9340: 9314: 9305: 9299: 9298: 9270: 9264: 9263: 9245: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9234: 9229:on 8 August 2012 9225:. Archived from 9215: 9206: 9205: 9180: 9159: 9150: 9149: 9146:10.1038/NGEO2189 9121: 9112: 9111: 9083: 9077: 9076: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9029: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9012: 9006:. Archived from 8981: 8972: 8966: 8965: 8955: 8923: 8914: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8881: 8863: 8857: 8856: 8830: 8828:astro-ph/0305536 8821:(2): L147–L150. 8810: 8804: 8803: 8777: 8768:(902): 412–422. 8743: 8734: 8733: 8705: 8689: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8656: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8615: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8575: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8544: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8500: 8482: 8473:(4): 1823–1828. 8458: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8413: 8389: 8383: 8382: 8372: 8352: 8346: 8345: 8319: 8317:astro-ph/0509401 8310:(2): 1238–1251. 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8265: 8241: 8232: 8231: 8205: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8153: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8114: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8097: 8066: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8040: 8009: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7917:(1/2): 293–300. 7906: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7880:"Planet Compare" 7876: 7870: 7869: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7803: 7794: 7793: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7686:. Archived from 7667: 7661: 7660: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7619: 7617:astro-ph/0506468 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7525: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7464: 7458: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7425: 7416: 7415: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7352: 7350:astro-ph/0201040 7332: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7285:on 23 March 2021 7271: 7265: 7264: 7238: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7172: 7157: 7156: 7130: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7080: 7074: 7073: 7047: 7029: 7005: 6999: 6998: 6972: 6949:Hatzes, Artie P. 6945: 6928: 6927: 6901: 6892:(3): 1365–1371. 6879: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6834:. Archived from 6809: 6789: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6763: 6745: 6721: 6708: 6707: 6701: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6660: 6650: 6632: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6586:. Archived from 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6479: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6375:. Archived from 6364: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6303: 6279: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6262: 6253:. Archived from 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6210: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6146:10.1038/355145a0 6121: 6112: 6111: 6077: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 5995: 5989: 5988: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5923: 5917:. Archived from 5876: 5864: 5858: 5857: 5839: 5818: 5809: 5808: 5807:on 7 April 2019. 5803:. Archived from 5770: 5765: 5761:(229762) 2007 UK 5754: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5714: 5705: 5704: 5686: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5581: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5383:. Archived from 5344: 5338: 5337: 5327: 5317: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5260: 5258:astro-ph/0503568 5251:(3): 1837–1850. 5240: 5234: 5233: 5207: 5205:astro-ph/0302042 5198:(2): L143–L146. 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5167:. Archived from 5150: 5144: 5143: 5109: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5035:. Archived from 4994: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4952: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4905: 4882: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4814: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4761: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4708: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4614: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4484: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4413: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4355: 4331: 4313: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4260: 4254: 4247: 4241: 4230: 4189:Lists of planets 4144: 4135: 4126: 4117: 4108: 4099: 4090: 4084: 4075: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4039: 4030: 4021: 4012: 4008: 3930: 3921: 3915: 3906: 3897: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3861: 3852: 3843: 3834: 3830: 3827:Planetary symbol 3737: 3736: 3732:), and Jupiter ( 3727: 3726: 3717: 3716: 3707: 3706: 3693: 3692: 3683: 3682: 3627:Hebrew astronomy 3550:星 "fire star"), 3514:(such as Japan, 3499: 3498: 3485: 3484: 3471: 3470: 3457: 3456: 3447: 3446: 3422: 3298:Anglo-Saxon gods 3290:(Thursday), and 3254:days of the week 3194:and, later, the 3028:English language 2995:classical planet 2948: 2947: 2946: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2648: 2636:around its orbit 2400:William Herschel 2331:was observed by 2329:transit of Venus 2282:Earth's rotation 2260:Indian astronomy 2133:inferior planets 2057: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2021:planētes asteres 2017: 2016: 1816:magnetic moments 1691: 1690: 1689: 1577:surrounded by a 1428:or specifying a 1410:Earth's rotation 1342:Orbital clearing 1330:. The exoplanet 1288:angular momentum 1282: 1175:descending nodes 1156:plane of the sky 1024:orbital elements 526:greater than 2 ( 472: 463: 433:photoevaporation 402:atmospheric drag 357: 345: 300:eccentric orbits 199: 196: 193: 189: 181: 180: 19004: 19003: 18999: 18998: 18997: 18995: 18994: 18993: 18959: 18958: 18957: 18947: 18945: 18935: 18933: 18923: 18921: 18911: 18909: 18897: 18889: 18887: 18882: 18863: 18844:David Christian 18817: 18796: 18684: 18643: 18638: 18608: 18603: 18599:Search projects 18585: 18514: 18303: 18262: 18164: 18136:Radial velocity 18076: 18032:K/Orange dwarfs 18022:G/Yellow dwarfs 17983: 17977:Titius–Bode law 17916: 17847:Molecular cloud 17747:Detached object 17698: 17696: 17685: 17671:Toroidal planet 17661:Sub-brown dwarf 17569: 17495: 17467:(Super-Mercury) 17440:Coreless planet 17416: 17414: 17408: 17399: 17363: 17331: 17328: 17298: 17293: 17287: 17285: 17284: 17278: 17271: 17264: 17257: 17251: 17245: 17239: 17232: 17225: 17218: 17211: 17204: 17197: 17182: 17180: 17170: 17168: 17158: 17156: 17143: 17134: 17098: 17035: 17019:vs. Hill sphere 16945:Molecular cloud 16873:Sample curation 16853:Detached object 16792: 16785: 16629: 16621: 16558: 16545: 16490:Neptune trojans 16273: 16271: 16269: 16262: 16198: 15891: 15762: 15744: 15630: 15593: 15586: 15581: 15536: 15531: 15521: 15519: 15504: 15500: 15490: 15488: 15484: 15477: 15471: 15470: 15466: 15456: 15454: 15445: 15444: 15440: 15430: 15428: 15424: 15413: 15407: 15392: 15373:The Observatory 15369: 15365: 15352: 15345: 15320: 15316: 15306: 15304: 15300: 15289: 15283: 15276: 15263: 15259: 15244:The Observatory 15240: 15233: 15223: 15221: 15212: 15211: 15207: 15200: 15186: 15179: 15169: 15167: 15154: 15153: 15149: 15127: 15123: 15113: 15111: 15098: 15097: 15093: 15083: 15081: 15077: 15066: 15062: 15061: 15057: 15050: 15034: 15030: 15019: 15015: 15004: 15000: 14993: 14975: 14971: 14961: 14959: 14955: 14944: 14936: 14932: 14925: 14917:. Eisenbrauns. 14909: 14905: 14895: 14893: 14878: 14874: 14829: 14825: 14815: 14813: 14796: 14792: 14753: 14744: 14734: 14732: 14705: 14701: 14691: 14689: 14680: 14679: 14675: 14665: 14663: 14654: 14653: 14649: 14639: 14637: 14633: 14610: 14602: 14595: 14585: 14583: 14568: 14564: 14554: 14552: 14539: 14535: 14528: 14514: 14510: 14500: 14498: 14483: 14479: 14469: 14467: 14454: 14453: 14449: 14439: 14437: 14422: 14418: 14367: 14360: 14350: 14348: 14346: 14330: 14326: 14319:Wayback Machine 14308: 14304: 14294: 14292: 14239: 14235: 14228: 14212: 14208: 14198: 14196: 14181: 14177: 14146:10.2307/4200484 14130: 14126: 14120:Wayback Machine 14111: 14107: 14056: 14052: 14003: 13999: 13949: 13945: 13935: 13933: 13924: 13923: 13919: 13870: 13863: 13832: 13828: 13789: 13785: 13763: 13759: 13712: 13705: 13651: 13644: 13634: 13632: 13615: 13611: 13601: 13599: 13580: 13579: 13575: 13565: 13563: 13542: 13538: 13528: 13526: 13519:Discovery, Inc. 13507: 13503: 13456: 13452: 13442: 13440: 13389: 13385: 13366: 13362: 13353: 13349: 13339: 13337: 13320: 13316: 13309: 13273: 13269: 13259: 13257: 13256:on 24 June 2008 13233: 13227: 13223: 13213: 13211: 13192: 13188: 13178: 13176: 13175:on 19 July 2022 13162: 13158: 13148: 13146: 13133: 13129: 13119: 13117: 13102: 13101: 13097: 13087: 13085: 13081: 13032: 13026: 13015: 13005: 13003: 12990: 12986: 12976: 12974: 12958: 12954: 12944: 12942: 12925: 12924: 12917: 12886: 12882: 12839: 12835: 12780: 12776: 12737: 12733: 12726: 12709: 12705: 12650: 12646: 12639: 12625: 12621: 12569: 12562: 12552: 12532: 12528: 12512: 12508: 12498: 12496: 12489:Rice University 12481: 12474: 12467: 12451: 12447: 12440: 12402: 12398: 12383: 12379: 12372: 12351: 12347: 12337: 12335: 12318: 12314: 12307: 12286: 12282: 12243: 12236: 12226: 12224: 12181: 12177: 12163: 12161: 12134: 12130: 12120: 12118: 12116: 12100: 12096: 12047: 12043: 12033: 12031: 12027: 12012:10.1.1.570.6778 11994: 11988: 11984: 11953: 11949: 11942: 11928: 11924: 11918: 11889: 11885: 11874: 11870: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11840: 11827: 11812: 11792:Apostol, Tom M. 11785: 11778: 11771: 11749: 11745: 11734: 11730: 11699: 11695: 11682: 11680: 11667: 11666: 11659: 11649: 11647: 11628: 11627: 11623: 11613: 11611: 11602: 11601: 11597: 11591:Perseus Project 11559: 11555: 11545: 11543: 11530: 11529: 11525: 11515: 11513: 11457: 11440: 11430: 11428: 11417: 11406: 11396: 11394: 11381: 11380: 11376: 11327: 11323: 11311: 11309: 11243: 11239: 11186: 11182: 11172: 11170: 11166: 11099: 11093: 11089: 11082: 11065: 11061: 11038: 11034: 11024: 11022: 10977: 10973: 10911: 10907: 10897: 10895: 10880: 10876: 10845: 10841: 10810: 10806: 10796: 10794: 10733: 10729: 10719: 10717: 10702: 10698: 10688: 10686: 10643: 10639: 10632: 10610: 10601: 10591: 10589: 10528: 10524: 10514: 10512: 10451: 10447: 10435: 10433: 10432:on 13 July 2017 10420: 10364: 10360: 10350: 10348: 10301: 10297: 10285: 10283: 10264: 10262: 10204: 10198: 10194: 10131: 10127: 10104:10.1038/505031a 10090:(7481): 31–32. 10078: 10074: 10025: 10021: 10009: 10007: 9994: 9934: 9930: 9881: 9877: 9866: 9864: 9857: 9841: 9837: 9791: 9786: 9782: 9747:Rep. Prog. Phys 9743: 9739: 9733: 9711: 9707: 9700: 9686: 9682: 9633: 9629: 9580: 9576: 9566: 9564: 9551: 9550: 9546: 9536: 9534: 9527: 9511: 9507: 9470:(5885): 90–92. 9460: 9456: 9446: 9444: 9431: 9430: 9426: 9416: 9414: 9410: 9371: 9365: 9361: 9351: 9349: 9345: 9312: 9306: 9302: 9271: 9267: 9260: 9246: 9242: 9232: 9230: 9217: 9216: 9209: 9160: 9153: 9122: 9115: 9084: 9080: 9049: 9045: 9030: 9026: 9016: 9014: 9010: 8979: 8973: 8969: 8924: 8917: 8907: 8905: 8898: 8864: 8860: 8811: 8807: 8744: 8737: 8722: 8696:. p. 157. 8690: 8683: 8673: 8671: 8658: 8657: 8646: 8636: 8634: 8616: 8612: 8603: 8601: 8594: 8576: 8572: 8562: 8560: 8559:on 15 July 2014 8551:(7 July 2006). 8545: 8541: 8531: 8529: 8518: 8514: 8459: 8455: 8445: 8443: 8390: 8386: 8353: 8349: 8299: 8293: 8289: 8242: 8235: 8185: 8181: 8171: 8169: 8154: 8150: 8140: 8138: 8131: 8115: 8111: 8101: 8099: 8095: 8064: 8058: 8054: 8044: 8042: 8038: 8007: 8001: 7997: 7950: 7946: 7907: 7903: 7893: 7891: 7878: 7877: 7873: 7842: 7838: 7827: 7823: 7804: 7797: 7750: 7746: 7736: 7734: 7699: 7695: 7684: 7668: 7664: 7653: 7649: 7600: 7596: 7559: 7555: 7506: 7502: 7465: 7461: 7453: 7449: 7439: 7437: 7426: 7419: 7386: 7382: 7333: 7329: 7319: 7317: 7302: 7298: 7288: 7286: 7273: 7272: 7268: 7219: 7215: 7208: 7194: 7190: 7173: 7160: 7111: 7107: 7097: 7095: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7006: 7002: 6946: 6931: 6880: 6876: 6866: 6864: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6841:on 21 May 2009. 6838: 6787: 6781: 6777: 6722: 6711: 6695: 6694: 6687: 6685: 6678: 6674: 6607: 6603: 6593: 6591: 6576: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6547: 6546: 6542: 6532: 6530: 6513: 6509: 6460: 6456: 6446: 6444: 6429: 6425: 6396: 6392: 6382: 6380: 6365: 6361: 6351: 6349: 6280: 6273: 6260: 6258: 6257:on 11 July 2022 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6212: 6211: 6204: 6194: 6192: 6165: 6161: 6122: 6115: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6030: 6026: 6016: 6014: 5997: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5971: 5967: 5957: 5955: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5927: 5925: 5924:on 4 March 2016 5921: 5874: 5865: 5861: 5819: 5812: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5742: 5732: 5730: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5687: 5680: 5670: 5668: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5638: 5631: 5615: 5611: 5562: 5558: 5521: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5490: 5486: 5439: 5435: 5404: 5400: 5390: 5388: 5345: 5341: 5294: 5290: 5241: 5237: 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5151: 5147: 5090: 5086: 5076: 5074: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5003:(7090): 192–4. 4992: 4986: 4982: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4886:Canup, Robin M. 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4828: 4795: 4791: 4742: 4738: 4689: 4685: 4648: 4644: 4595: 4591: 4552: 4548: 4538: 4536: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4485: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4415: 4414: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4332: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4290:Sino-Vietnamese 4279: 4275: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4248: 4244: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4173: 4139: 4130: 4121: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4025: 4016: 3925: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3865: 3856: 3847: 3838: 3829: 3823: 3702:), and Saturn ( 3625:In traditional 3584:Alexander Wylie 3204:common pantheon 3196:Catholic Church 2997: 2987: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2923: 2840: 2830: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800:Jean-Luc Margot 2693: 2687: 2661: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2613: 2608: 2565: 2559: 2428:(in 1804), and 2359: 2353: 2262: 2254:Main articles: 2252: 2174: 2168: 2120:Enuma anu enlil 2096:, who lived in 2090: 2084: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2031: 2029:wandering stars 2028: 2025: 1973: 1948: 1938: 1915:sub-brown dwarf 1896:planetary rings 1874:rings of Saturn 1866: 1858:Main articles: 1856: 1801: 1795: 1747:weather systems 1697: 1694: 1687: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1647: 1641: 1633:Main articles: 1631: 1597:and mantles of 1559: 1553: 1519: 1516: 1508: 1505: 1485: 1482: 1473: 1470: 1448: 1442: 1418:oblate spheroid 1398: 1384: 1379: 1350: 1344: 1280:(SVG animation) 1278: 1256:rotation period 1252: 1246: 1198: 1192: 1133:semi-major axis 1072:sidereal period 1036: 1026: 1018:Main articles: 1016: 1011: 999: 808: 802: 661:detached object 550: 544: 485: 484: 483: 482: 475: 474: 473: 465: 464: 365: 364: 363: 362: 361: 358: 350: 349: 346: 337: 336: 330: 324: 308:habitable zones 298:—and extremely 197: 194: 191: 93:stellar remnant 68:(inner planets) 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 19002: 18992: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18956: 18955: 18943: 18931: 18919: 18907: 18884: 18883: 18881: 18880: 18871: 18869: 18865: 18864: 18862: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18829:Walter Alvarez 18825: 18823: 18822:Notable people 18819: 18818: 18816: 18815: 18810: 18804: 18802: 18798: 18797: 18795: 18794: 18784: 18774: 18773: 18772: 18755: 18741: 18731: 18717: 18707: 18692: 18690: 18686: 18685: 18683: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18651: 18649: 18645: 18644: 18637: 18636: 18629: 18622: 18614: 18605: 18604: 18602: 18601: 18596: 18590: 18587: 18586: 18584: 18583: 18578: 18573: 18568: 18563: 18558: 18553: 18548: 18543: 18538: 18533: 18528: 18522: 18520: 18516: 18515: 18513: 18512: 18511: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18455: 18450: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18430: 18421: 18420: 18419: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18402: 18401: 18396: 18391: 18386: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18356: 18351: 18346: 18335: 18334: 18333: 18332: 18327: 18322: 18313: 18311: 18305: 18304: 18302: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18270: 18268: 18264: 18263: 18261: 18260: 18255: 18250: 18245: 18240: 18235: 18230: 18225: 18220: 18215: 18210: 18205: 18200: 18195: 18190: 18185: 18180: 18174: 18172: 18166: 18165: 18163: 18162: 18157: 18156: 18155: 18148:Transit method 18145: 18144: 18143: 18133: 18132: 18131: 18121: 18116: 18115: 18114: 18104: 18103: 18102: 18095:Direct imaging 18092: 18086: 18084: 18078: 18077: 18075: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17993: 17991: 17985: 17984: 17982: 17981: 17980: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17956: 17951: 17950: 17949: 17939: 17938: 17937: 17926: 17924: 17918: 17917: 17915: 17914: 17912:Star formation 17909: 17907:Scattered disc 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17864: 17859: 17854: 17849: 17844: 17839: 17834: 17829: 17824: 17819: 17814: 17809: 17804: 17799: 17794: 17789: 17784: 17779: 17774: 17769: 17764: 17759: 17757:Excretion disk 17754: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17729: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17712:Accretion disk 17709: 17703: 17701: 17691: 17690: 17687: 17686: 17684: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17621:Eyeball planet 17618: 17613: 17608: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17583: 17577: 17575: 17571: 17570: 17568: 17567: 17562: 17557: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17532: 17527: 17522: 17517: 17511: 17505: 17503: 17497: 17496: 17494: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17478: 17473: 17468: 17462: 17457: 17452: 17447: 17442: 17437: 17431: 17429: 17420: 17410: 17409: 17402: 17400: 17398: 17397: 17392: 17387: 17382: 17377: 17371: 17369: 17365: 17364: 17362: 17361: 17356: 17355: 17354: 17353: 17352: 17336: 17333: 17332: 17327: 17326: 17319: 17312: 17304: 17295: 17294: 17191: 17190: 17178: 17166: 17154: 17148: 17145: 17144: 17140: 17139: 17136: 17135: 17133: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17112: 17106: 17104: 17100: 17099: 17097: 17096: 17091: 17090: 17089: 17084: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17049: 17043: 17041: 17037: 17036: 17034: 17033: 17031:Scattered disc 17028: 17023: 17022: 17021: 17011: 17006: 17005: 17004: 16999: 16998: 16997: 16987: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16937: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16887: 16882: 16881: 16880: 16875: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16819: 16818: 16816:Excretion disk 16811:Accretion disk 16808: 16803: 16801:Star formation 16797: 16795: 16787: 16786: 16784: 16783: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16747: 16746: 16736: 16731: 16726: 16725: 16724: 16714: 16709: 16704: 16703: 16702: 16697: 16692: 16690:space stations 16682: 16681: 16680: 16675: 16665: 16664: 16663: 16658: 16653: 16643: 16637: 16635: 16623: 16622: 16620: 16619: 16614: 16609: 16604: 16599: 16594: 16589: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16563: 16561: 16550: 16547: 16546: 16544: 16543: 16538: 16537: 16536: 16531: 16529:Scattered disc 16526: 16521: 16516: 16515: 16514: 16509: 16494: 16493: 16492: 16487: 16477: 16476: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16414: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16398: 16397: 16396: 16391: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16361: 16360: 16359: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16324: 16316: 16311: 16310: 16309: 16304: 16294: 16289: 16284: 16278: 16276: 16264: 16263: 16261: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16245: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16220: 16215: 16208: 16206: 16200: 16199: 16197: 16196: 16195: 16194: 16184: 16183: 16182: 16172: 16171: 16170: 16160: 16159: 16158: 16148: 16147: 16146: 16141: 16131: 16130: 16129: 16124: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16099: 16098: 16097: 16087: 16086: 16085: 16080: 16075: 16070: 16060: 16059: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16033: 16023: 16022: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15976: 15966: 15965: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15934: 15933: 15932: 15927: 15917: 15916: 15915: 15910: 15901: 15899: 15893: 15892: 15890: 15889: 15888: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15837: 15836: 15835: 15834: 15833: 15828: 15818: 15817: 15816: 15811: 15796: 15795: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15779: 15768: 15766: 15749: 15746: 15745: 15743: 15742: 15735: 15728: 15721: 15714: 15707: 15700: 15693: 15686: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15644: 15639: 15591: 15588: 15587: 15580: 15579: 15572: 15565: 15557: 15551: 15550: 15542: 15535: 15534:External links 15532: 15530: 15529: 15498: 15464: 15438: 15390: 15363: 15343: 15314: 15274: 15257: 15231: 15205: 15198: 15177: 15147: 15121: 15091: 15055: 15049:978-3642297182 15048: 15028: 15013: 14998: 14992:978-3853750094 14991: 14969: 14930: 14924:978-0931464195 14923: 14903: 14872: 14823: 14790: 14769:10.1086/372867 14763:(2): 135–137. 14742: 14699: 14673: 14647: 14593: 14562: 14533: 14527:978-0781810029 14526: 14508: 14477: 14447: 14416: 14358: 14344: 14324: 14302: 14253:(2): 204–213. 14233: 14226: 14206: 14175: 14124: 14105: 14050: 13997: 13943: 13917: 13861: 13842:(1): 485–519. 13826: 13783: 13757: 13703: 13642: 13609: 13573: 13536: 13521:Archived from 13515:Discovery News 13501: 13450: 13403:(8): 741–747. 13383: 13376:) – via 13360: 13347: 13314: 13307: 13267: 13221: 13186: 13156: 13127: 13095: 13013: 12984: 12952: 12915: 12880: 12867:10.1086/112284 12833: 12794:(2): 565–594. 12774: 12753:(2): 108–115. 12731: 12724: 12703: 12644: 12638:978-0738208893 12637: 12619: 12560: 12526: 12506: 12472: 12465: 12445: 12438: 12396: 12377: 12370: 12358:Selin, Helaine 12345: 12312: 12305: 12280: 12234: 12195:(6): 501–513. 12175: 12128: 12114: 12094: 12041: 11982: 11969:10.2307/602955 11947: 11940: 11922: 11917:978-0521227179 11916: 11896:Boardman, John 11883: 11868: 11854: 11825: 11810: 11776: 11769: 11743: 11728: 11715:10.1086/370729 11693: 11657: 11639:dictionary.com 11621: 11595: 11553: 11523: 11438: 11404: 11374: 11321: 11319: 11318: 11281:10.1086/498868 11237: 11180: 11087: 11080: 11059: 11032: 10993:(8): 805–814. 10971: 10905: 10874: 10855:(2): 444–452. 10839: 10804: 10771:10.1086/378583 10727: 10716:on 1 June 2019 10696: 10637: 10630: 10599: 10522: 10445: 10443: 10442: 10358: 10295: 10293: 10292: 10192: 10125: 10072: 10019: 10017: 10016: 9938:Allen, Lori E. 9928: 9891:(3): 432–482. 9875: 9856:978-3319195681 9855: 9835: 9789: 9780: 9737: 9732:978-0123822253 9731: 9705: 9698: 9680: 9667:10.1086/426329 9643:(1): 518–525. 9627: 9574: 9544: 9525: 9505: 9454: 9424: 9359: 9300: 9265: 9258: 9240: 9207: 9151: 9132:(8): 564–568. 9113: 9078: 9043: 9024: 8990:(1): 395–401. 8967: 8915: 8896: 8858: 8845:10.1086/377093 8805: 8792:10.1086/659427 8735: 8720: 8681: 8644: 8610: 8592: 8570: 8539: 8512: 8453: 8404:(2): 691–697. 8384: 8347: 8334:10.1086/499575 8297: 8287: 8233: 8179: 8148: 8130:978-0521455060 8129: 8109: 8052: 7995: 7960:(3704): 1717. 7944: 7901: 7871: 7836: 7821: 7795: 7744: 7713:(1): 233–247. 7693: 7683:978-1139494175 7682: 7662: 7647: 7634:10.1086/432834 7594: 7553: 7516:(2): 460–472. 7500: 7459: 7447: 7417: 7398:(4): 411–439. 7380: 7367:10.1086/339437 7327: 7296: 7266: 7229:(2): 475–484. 7213: 7206: 7188: 7158: 7121:(1): 159–167. 7105: 7075: 7000: 6929: 6874: 6844: 6800:(1): 487–494. 6775: 6709: 6672: 6601: 6570: 6540: 6507: 6454: 6423: 6390: 6379:on 16 May 2020 6359: 6271: 6237: 6202: 6159: 6113: 6052: 6032:Schneider, J. 6024: 5990: 5983: 5965: 5935: 5885:(5831): 1585. 5859: 5810: 5762: 5740: 5706: 5699: 5678: 5648: 5629: 5609: 5556: 5550:10.1086/428383 5515: 5484: 5433: 5414:(2): 239–248. 5398: 5387:on 13 May 2022 5359:(1): 533–602. 5339: 5308:(1): L11–L15. 5288: 5275:10.1086/499807 5235: 5222:10.1086/374406 5182: 5145: 5084: 5053: 4980: 4927: 4920: 4896:. p. 59. 4877: 4838: 4789: 4752:(2): 338–350. 4736: 4683: 4662:(2): 711–723. 4642: 4589: 4546: 4513: 4464: 4434: 4403: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4314: 4306:sao Diêm Vương 4302:sao Minh Vương 4273: 4255: 4242: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4181: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4146: 4145: 4136: 4127: 4118: 4109: 4100: 4091: 4076: 4067: 4058: 4049: 4040: 4031: 4022: 3988:Jérôme Lalande 3932: 3931: 3922: 3907: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3853: 3844: 3825:Main article: 3822: 3819: 3340:. Many of the 3318:Proto-Germanic 3296:(Friday), the 3260:. In English, 3258:Roman calendar 3220:(for Hermes), 3212:Roman Republic 3172: 3171: 3164: 3157: 3150: 3143: 3136: 3085:, two ancient 2986: 2983: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2937: 2922: 2919: 2829: 2826: 2686: 2683: 2638: 2637: 2630: 2623: 2622:around the Sun 2615: 2602: 2601: 2558: 2552: 2521:In the 1950s, 2411:Galilean moons 2352: 2349: 2321:Ibn al-Haytham 2251: 2248: 2244:circling Earth 2178:ancient Greeks 2167: 2164: 2115:exact sciences 2086:Main article: 2083: 2080: 2060:ancient Greece 1999:, and ancient 1972: 1969: 1937: 1934: 1855: 1852: 1797:Main article: 1794: 1791: 1785:, and others. 1763:Great Red Spot 1707:carbon dioxide 1695: 1692: 1659:except Mercury 1630: 1627: 1623:magnetic field 1575:planetary core 1571:differentiated 1555:Main article: 1552: 1549: 1517: 1514: 1506: 1503: 1492:nuclear fusion 1483: 1480: 1471: 1468: 1446:Planetary mass 1444:Main article: 1441: 1438: 1434:normal gravity 1406:Jupiter radius 1383: 1382:Size and shape 1380: 1378: 1375: 1346:Main article: 1343: 1340: 1305:tidally locked 1258:is known as a 1245: 1242: 1194:Main article: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1167: 1138: 1128: 1107:kinetic energy 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 998: 995: 945:Drake equation 936:habitable zone 846:. Analysis of 804:Main article: 801: 798: 781: 780: 770: 760: 734: 700: 678: 657:scattered disc 554:IAU definition 546:Main article: 543: 540: 477: 476: 467: 466: 458: 457: 456: 455: 454: 359: 352: 351: 347: 340: 339: 338: 334: 333: 332: 331: 326:Main article: 323: 320: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19001: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18966: 18964: 18954: 18944: 18942: 18932: 18930: 18920: 18918: 18908: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18895: 18892: 18879:(2013 series) 18878: 18877: 18873: 18872: 18870: 18866: 18860: 18859:Graeme Snooks 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18839:Eric Chaisson 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18826: 18824: 18820: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18805: 18803: 18799: 18793: 18789: 18785: 18783: 18779: 18775: 18771: 18768: 18767: 18766: 18765: 18760: 18756: 18754: 18750: 18746: 18742: 18740: 18736: 18732: 18730: 18726: 18722: 18718: 18716: 18712: 18708: 18706: 18702: 18698: 18694: 18693: 18691: 18687: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18652: 18650: 18646: 18642: 18635: 18630: 18628: 18623: 18621: 18616: 18615: 18612: 18600: 18597: 18595: 18592: 18591: 18588: 18582: 18579: 18577: 18574: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18559: 18557: 18554: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18544: 18542: 18539: 18537: 18534: 18532: 18529: 18527: 18524: 18523: 18521: 18517: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18425: 18423: 18422: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18381: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18342: 18341: 18340: 18337: 18336: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18317: 18315: 18314: 18312: 18310: 18306: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18272: 18271: 18269: 18265: 18259: 18256: 18254: 18251: 18249: 18246: 18244: 18241: 18239: 18236: 18234: 18231: 18229: 18226: 18224: 18221: 18219: 18216: 18214: 18211: 18209: 18206: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18179: 18176: 18175: 18173: 18171: 18167: 18161: 18158: 18154: 18151: 18150: 18149: 18146: 18142: 18139: 18138: 18137: 18134: 18130: 18127: 18126: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18117: 18113: 18110: 18109: 18108: 18105: 18101: 18098: 18097: 18096: 18093: 18091: 18088: 18087: 18085: 18083: 18079: 18073: 18072:Yellow giants 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17994: 17992: 17990: 17986: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17959: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17948: 17945: 17944: 17943: 17940: 17936: 17933: 17932: 17931: 17928: 17927: 17925: 17923: 17919: 17913: 17910: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17842:Merging stars 17840: 17838: 17835: 17833: 17830: 17828: 17825: 17823: 17820: 17818: 17815: 17813: 17810: 17808: 17805: 17803: 17800: 17798: 17795: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17717:Asteroid belt 17715: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17704: 17702: 17700: 17692: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17656:Pulsar planet 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17611:Double planet 17609: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17578: 17576: 17572: 17566: 17563: 17561: 17558: 17556: 17553: 17551: 17550:Super-Neptune 17548: 17546: 17545:Super-Jupiter 17543: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17521: 17520:Helium planet 17518: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17506: 17504: 17502: 17498: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17469: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17455:Hycean planet 17453: 17451: 17448: 17446: 17445:Desert planet 17443: 17441: 17438: 17436: 17435:Carbon planet 17433: 17432: 17430: 17428: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17411: 17406: 17396: 17393: 17391: 17388: 17386: 17383: 17381: 17378: 17376: 17373: 17372: 17370: 17366: 17360: 17357: 17351: 17348: 17347: 17346: 17343: 17342: 17341: 17338: 17337: 17334: 17325: 17320: 17318: 17313: 17311: 17306: 17305: 17302: 17292: 17283: 17276: 17269: 17262: 17256: 17250: 17244: 17237: 17230: 17223: 17216: 17209: 17202: 17195: 17189: 17179: 17177: 17167: 17165: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17149: 17146: 17131: 17130:Tidal locking 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17110:Double planet 17108: 17107: 17105: 17101: 17095: 17092: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17079: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17062:Minor planets 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17044: 17042: 17038: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17020: 17017: 17016: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17003: 17000: 16996: 16995:Merging stars 16993: 16992: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16967: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16870: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16817: 16814: 16813: 16812: 16809: 16807: 16804: 16802: 16799: 16798: 16796: 16794: 16788: 16782: 16779: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16745: 16742: 16741: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16730: 16727: 16723: 16720: 16719: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16708: 16705: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16687: 16686: 16683: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16670: 16669: 16666: 16662: 16659: 16657: 16654: 16652: 16649: 16648: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16639: 16638: 16636: 16633: 16628: 16624: 16618: 16615: 16613: 16610: 16608: 16605: 16603: 16600: 16598: 16597:Subsatellites 16595: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16564: 16562: 16560: 16557:Hypothetical 16554: 16551: 16542: 16539: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16504: 16503: 16500: 16499: 16498: 16495: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16482: 16481: 16478: 16474: 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16430: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16423:Asteroid belt 16421: 16419: 16416: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16386: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16366: 16365: 16362: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16319: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16299: 16298: 16297:Minor planets 16295: 16293: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16280: 16279: 16277: 16275: 16265: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16231: 16228: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16213: 16210: 16209: 16207: 16205: 16201: 16193: 16190: 16189: 16188: 16185: 16181: 16178: 16177: 16176: 16173: 16169: 16166: 16165: 16164: 16161: 16157: 16154: 16153: 16152: 16149: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16136: 16135: 16132: 16128: 16125: 16123: 16120: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16104: 16103: 16100: 16096: 16093: 16092: 16091: 16088: 16084: 16081: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16065: 16064: 16061: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16028: 16027: 16024: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15971: 15970: 15967: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15939: 15938: 15935: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15922: 15921: 15918: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15905: 15903: 15902: 15900: 15898: 15894: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15842: 15841: 15838: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15823: 15822: 15819: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15806: 15805: 15802: 15801: 15800: 15797: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15774: 15773: 15770: 15769: 15767: 15765: 15760: 15756: 15753: 15752: 15747: 15741: 15740: 15736: 15734: 15733: 15729: 15727: 15726: 15722: 15720: 15719: 15715: 15713: 15712: 15708: 15706: 15705: 15701: 15699: 15698: 15694: 15692: 15691: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15664: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15634: 15589: 15585: 15578: 15573: 15571: 15566: 15564: 15559: 15558: 15555: 15548: 15547: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15537: 15517: 15513: 15509: 15502: 15483: 15476: 15475: 15468: 15452: 15448: 15442: 15423: 15419: 15412: 15405: 15403: 15401: 15399: 15397: 15395: 15386: 15382: 15378: 15374: 15367: 15359: 15358: 15350: 15348: 15339: 15335: 15331: 15327: 15326: 15318: 15299: 15295: 15288: 15281: 15279: 15270: 15269: 15261: 15253: 15249: 15245: 15238: 15236: 15219: 15215: 15209: 15201: 15195: 15191: 15184: 15182: 15165: 15161: 15157: 15151: 15144: 15140: 15136: 15132: 15125: 15109: 15105: 15101: 15095: 15076: 15072: 15065: 15059: 15051: 15045: 15041: 15040: 15032: 15024: 15017: 15009: 15002: 14994: 14988: 14984: 14980: 14973: 14954: 14950: 14943: 14942: 14934: 14926: 14920: 14916: 14915: 14907: 14891: 14887: 14883: 14876: 14868: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14850: 14846: 14842: 14838: 14834: 14827: 14811: 14807: 14806: 14801: 14794: 14786: 14782: 14778: 14774: 14770: 14766: 14762: 14758: 14751: 14749: 14747: 14730: 14726: 14722: 14718: 14714: 14710: 14709:"小行星世界中的古典音乐" 14703: 14687: 14683: 14677: 14661: 14657: 14651: 14632: 14628: 14624: 14620: 14616: 14608: 14604:卞毓麟 (2007). 14600: 14598: 14581: 14577: 14573: 14566: 14550: 14546: 14545: 14537: 14529: 14523: 14519: 14512: 14496: 14492: 14488: 14481: 14465: 14461: 14457: 14451: 14435: 14431: 14427: 14420: 14412: 14408: 14404: 14400: 14396: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14378: 14374: 14373: 14365: 14363: 14347: 14341: 14337: 14336: 14328: 14321: 14320: 14316: 14313: 14306: 14290: 14286: 14282: 14278: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14260: 14256: 14252: 14248: 14244: 14237: 14229: 14223: 14219: 14218: 14210: 14194: 14190: 14186: 14179: 14171: 14167: 14163: 14159: 14155: 14151: 14147: 14143: 14139: 14135: 14128: 14121: 14117: 14114: 14109: 14101: 14097: 14093: 14089: 14085: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14067: 14063: 14062: 14054: 14046: 14042: 14038: 14034: 14030: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14012: 14008: 14001: 13993: 13989: 13985: 13981: 13977: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13959: 13955: 13947: 13931: 13927: 13921: 13913: 13909: 13905: 13901: 13897: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13879: 13875: 13868: 13866: 13857: 13853: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13837: 13830: 13822: 13818: 13814: 13810: 13806: 13802: 13798: 13794: 13787: 13780: 13776: 13772: 13768: 13761: 13752: 13747: 13743: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13725: 13721: 13717: 13710: 13708: 13699: 13695: 13691: 13687: 13683: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13665: 13661: 13660: 13655: 13649: 13647: 13630: 13626: 13625: 13620: 13613: 13597: 13593: 13589: 13588: 13583: 13577: 13561: 13557: 13553: 13552: 13547: 13540: 13525:on 5 May 2012 13524: 13520: 13516: 13512: 13505: 13497: 13493: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13469: 13465: 13461: 13454: 13438: 13434: 13430: 13426: 13422: 13418: 13414: 13410: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13394: 13387: 13379: 13375: 13371: 13364: 13357: 13351: 13335: 13331: 13330: 13325: 13318: 13310: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13290: 13286: 13282: 13278: 13271: 13255: 13251: 13247: 13243: 13239: 13232: 13225: 13209: 13205: 13201: 13197: 13190: 13174: 13170: 13166: 13160: 13144: 13140: 13137: 13131: 13115: 13111: 13110: 13105: 13099: 13080: 13076: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13042: 13038: 13031: 13024: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13001: 12997: 12996: 12988: 12972: 12968: 12967: 12962: 12956: 12940: 12936: 12932: 12928: 12922: 12920: 12911: 12907: 12903: 12899: 12895: 12891: 12884: 12876: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12860: 12856: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12837: 12829: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12778: 12769: 12764: 12760: 12756: 12752: 12748: 12747: 12742: 12735: 12727: 12721: 12717: 12713: 12712:Croswell, Ken 12707: 12699: 12695: 12690: 12689:1721.1/109312 12685: 12680: 12675: 12671: 12667: 12663: 12659: 12655: 12648: 12640: 12634: 12630: 12623: 12615: 12611: 12607: 12603: 12599: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12581: 12577: 12573: 12567: 12565: 12556: 12548: 12544: 12543: 12537: 12530: 12522: 12521: 12516: 12510: 12494: 12490: 12486: 12479: 12477: 12468: 12462: 12458: 12457: 12449: 12441: 12435: 12431: 12427: 12423: 12419: 12415: 12411: 12407: 12400: 12392: 12388: 12381: 12373: 12371:0-7923-4066-3 12367: 12363: 12359: 12355: 12349: 12333: 12329: 12328: 12323: 12316: 12308: 12302: 12298: 12294: 12293:Toomer, G. J. 12290: 12284: 12276: 12272: 12268: 12264: 12260: 12256: 12252: 12248: 12241: 12239: 12222: 12218: 12214: 12210: 12206: 12202: 12198: 12194: 12190: 12186: 12179: 12172: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12132: 12117: 12111: 12107: 12106: 12098: 12090: 12086: 12082: 12078: 12074: 12070: 12066: 12062: 12058: 12054: 12053: 12045: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12004: 12000: 11993: 11986: 11978: 11974: 11970: 11966: 11962: 11958: 11951: 11943: 11937: 11933: 11926: 11919: 11913: 11909: 11905: 11901: 11897: 11893: 11887: 11879: 11872: 11857: 11851: 11847: 11846: 11838: 11836: 11834: 11832: 11830: 11821: 11817: 11813: 11807: 11803: 11802: 11797: 11793: 11789: 11783: 11781: 11772: 11766: 11762: 11757: 11756: 11747: 11739: 11732: 11724: 11720: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11691: 11678: 11674: 11670: 11664: 11662: 11645: 11641: 11640: 11635: 11633: 11625: 11609: 11605: 11599: 11592: 11588: 11587: 11582: 11581:Scott, Robert 11578: 11574: 11566: 11557: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11527: 11511: 11507: 11503: 11499: 11495: 11491: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11473: 11469: 11465: 11461: 11455: 11453: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11426: 11422: 11415: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11378: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11325: 11307: 11303: 11299: 11294: 11293: 11290: 11286: 11282: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11247:Calvet, Nuria 11241: 11233: 11229: 11225: 11221: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11197: 11196: 11191: 11184: 11165: 11161: 11157: 11153: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11109: 11105: 11098: 11091: 11083: 11077: 11073: 11069: 11063: 11055: 11051: 11047: 11043: 11036: 11020: 11016: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10987: 10982: 10975: 10967: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10941: 10937: 10933: 10929: 10925: 10921: 10917: 10909: 10893: 10889: 10885: 10878: 10870: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10850: 10843: 10835: 10831: 10827: 10823: 10819: 10815: 10808: 10792: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10776: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10746: 10742: 10738: 10731: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10700: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10641: 10633: 10627: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10587: 10583: 10579: 10575: 10571: 10567: 10563: 10559: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10541: 10537: 10533: 10526: 10510: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10482: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10449: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10418: 10415: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10395: 10391: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10373: 10369: 10362: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10306: 10299: 10281: 10277: 10272: 10271: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10218: 10214: 10210: 10203: 10196: 10188: 10184: 10180: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10162: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10144: 10140: 10136: 10129: 10121: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10084: 10076: 10068: 10064: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10023: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9992: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9932: 9924: 9920: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9890: 9886: 9879: 9862: 9858: 9852: 9848: 9847: 9839: 9831: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9807: 9803: 9799: 9795: 9784: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9741: 9734: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9709: 9701: 9695: 9691: 9684: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9631: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9611: 9607: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9578: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9548: 9532: 9528: 9522: 9518: 9517: 9509: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9458: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9428: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9370: 9363: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9311: 9304: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9269: 9261: 9255: 9251: 9244: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9214: 9212: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9158: 9156: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9120: 9118: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9082: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9059:(1): 83–114. 9058: 9054: 9047: 9039: 9035: 9028: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8978: 8971: 8963: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8933: 8929: 8922: 8920: 8903: 8899: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8871: 8870: 8862: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8809: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8762: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8742: 8740: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8695: 8688: 8686: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8655: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8614: 8599: 8595: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8574: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8543: 8527: 8523: 8516: 8508: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8490: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8457: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8388: 8380: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8351: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8309: 8305: 8304: 8291: 8282: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8240: 8238: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8183: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8152: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8122: 8121: 8113: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8063: 8056: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8006: 7999: 7991: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7948: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7905: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7875: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7840: 7832: 7825: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7802: 7800: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7748: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7697: 7689: 7685: 7679: 7675: 7674: 7666: 7658: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7598: 7589: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7557: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7504: 7495: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7463: 7456: 7451: 7435: 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6589: 6585: 6581: 6574: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6528: 6524: 6523: 6518: 6511: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6458: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6394: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6363: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6278: 6276: 6268: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6241: 6225: 6221: 6220: 6215: 6209: 6207: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6118: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6056: 6041: 6040: 6035: 6028: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5986: 5980: 5976: 5969: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5873: 5869: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5817: 5815: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5767: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5728: 5724: 5723:planetary.org 5720: 5713: 5711: 5702: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5683: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5652: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5622: 5621: 5613: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5560: 5551: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5488: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5437: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5402: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5343: 5335: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5157: 5149: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5088: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5057: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4931: 4923: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4687: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4562:(1): 77–113. 4561: 4557: 4550: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4524: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4328: 4323: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4265: 4259: 4252: 4246: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4225: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4178:Double planet 4176: 4175: 4168: 4166: 4165:Discordianism 4162: 4158: 4154: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4110: 4107: 4101: 4098: 4092: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3950: 3947:According to 3945: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3923: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3890: 3887: 3881: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3863: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3828: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3811:the god's son 3808: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3731: 3721: 3711: 3701: 3697: 3687: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3475: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3407: 3403:for Mercury, 3402: 3401: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3328:, the German 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3284:(Wednesday), 3283: 3282: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3226:(Aphrodite), 3225: 3224: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3169: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3078: 3077: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2992: 2991:Weekday names 2982: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2967:rogue planets 2964: 2954: 2951: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2895:main-sequence 2892: 2888: 2887:Didier Queloz 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2839: 2835: 2825: 2823: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2739: 2732: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2674:dwarf planets 2670: 2666: 2659: 2645: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2618:Object is in 2617: 2616: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2557: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2523:Gerard Kuiper 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2500:Ray Lyttleton 2496: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2471:minor planets 2468: 2465:in 1848; and 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2434:asteroid belt 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2368: 2367:Emanuel Bowen 2363: 2358: 2357:Heliocentrism 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2108:is a pair of 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2089: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2046: 2039: 2022: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1961:dwarf planets 1958: 1954: 1947: 1943: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1851: 1849: 1844: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1799:Magnetosphere 1793:Magnetosphere 1790: 1786: 1784: 1783:Gliese 1214 b 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1651: 1646: 1640: 1636: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1563: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1533:WD 1145+017 b 1530: 1526: 1525:PSR B1257+12A 1521: 1512: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1478: 1474: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1374: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1358:planetesimals 1355: 1349: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1322:and its moon 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1281: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1251: 1241: 1239: 1238:its solstices 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1025: 1021: 1006: 1004: 994: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 967: 965: 961: 960:mini-Neptunes 957: 952: 950: 946: 942: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 920:Sun-like star 917: 914:In 2011, the 912: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 889:Didier Queloz 886: 882: 881:main-sequence 877: 875: 871: 868: 864: 860: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 817: 812: 807: 797: 795: 791: 786: 779: 775: 771: 769: 765: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 677: 673: 672: 671: 669: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 649:asteroid belt 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 600: 596: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 573:Giant planets 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 549: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 524:atomic number 521: 517: 513: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 480: 471: 462: 453: 451: 447: 442: 438: 434: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 390: 389:planetesimals 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 356: 344: 329: 319: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 284: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 253:asteroid belt 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 229: 227: 223: 222:heliocentrism 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 188: 187: 175: 170: 168: 164: 160: 157:orbited by a 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 125: 124:giant planets 121: 117: 113: 109: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 79: 75: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 30: 26: 22: 18969:Solar System 18941:Solar System 18874: 18787: 18777: 18764:Homo sapiens 18762: 18758: 18744: 18734: 18720: 18710: 18696: 18416:Proper names 18193:Earth analog 18178:Astrobiology 18170:Habitability 18107:Microlensing 18067:White dwarfs 18037:M/Red dwarfs 18027:Herbig Ae/Be 18012:Brown dwarfs 17954:Rogue planet 17935:Interstellar 17877:Planetesimal 17646:Planetesimal 17626:Giant planet 17616:Ecumenopolis 17514:Mini-Neptune 17450:Dwarf planet 17339: 17286:Each arrow ( 17208:Local Bubble 17194:Solar System 17192: 16985:Planetesimal 16964: 16940:Kuiper cliff 16668:Space probes 16641:Colonization 16480:Kirkwood gap 16401:Saturn Moons 16314:Planetesimal 15772:Terrestrials 15758: 15737: 15730: 15723: 15716: 15709: 15702: 15695: 15688: 15661: 15584:Solar System 15545: 15520:. Retrieved 15511: 15501: 15489:. Retrieved 15473: 15467: 15455:. Retrieved 15451:the original 15441: 15429:. Retrieved 15417: 15376: 15372: 15366: 15356: 15324: 15317: 15307:12 September 15305:. Retrieved 15293: 15267: 15260: 15243: 15222:. Retrieved 15208: 15189: 15168:. Retrieved 15159: 15150: 15134: 15130: 15124: 15112:. Retrieved 15103: 15094: 15082:. Retrieved 15070: 15058: 15038: 15031: 15016: 15001: 14982: 14972: 14960:. Retrieved 14940: 14933: 14913: 14906: 14894:. Retrieved 14885: 14875: 14840: 14836: 14826: 14814:. Retrieved 14803: 14793: 14760: 14756: 14733:. Retrieved 14719:(3): 66–75. 14716: 14712: 14707:李竞 (2018). 14702: 14692:21 September 14690:. Retrieved 14676: 14664:. Retrieved 14650: 14640:21 September 14638:. Retrieved 14621:(4): 59–61. 14618: 14614: 14607:""阋神星"的来龙去脉" 14584:. Retrieved 14575: 14565: 14553:. Retrieved 14543: 14536: 14517: 14511: 14499:. Retrieved 14490: 14480: 14468:. Retrieved 14459: 14450: 14438:. Retrieved 14429: 14419: 14376: 14370: 14349:. 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Retrieved 2640: 2611:Solar System 2597: 2593:tenth planet 2566: 2555: 2535: 2532: 2520: 2508:Fred Whipple 2493: 2479: 2444: 2437: 2415: 2408: 2372: 2345:Eratosthenes 2341:trigonometry 2313:North Africa 2305:Central Asia 2294: 2271: 2232: 2226: 2218:heliocentric 2182:Pythagoreans 2175: 2125:Neo-Assyrian 2118: 2091: 2076:common-sense 1989:Solar System 1982: 1949: 1922:rogue planet 1912: 1908:tidal forces 1904:Roche limits 1893: 1878: 1845: 1829: 1813: 1787: 1740: 1732:triple point 1700: 1656: 1613:, and other 1568: 1545:protoplanets 1522: 1464:stellar mass 1460: 1449: 1402:Earth radius 1399: 1364:'s official 1353: 1351: 1332:Tau Boötis b 1317: 1309:tidal forces 1301:hot Jupiters 1285: 1253: 1211: 1155: 1151: 1141: 1131: 1123:eccentricity 1121: 1115: 1084: 1075: 1057: 1048:eccentricity 1000: 983:hot Jupiters 968: 956:super-Earths 953: 913: 885:Michel Mayor 878: 856: 821: 782: 665: 606: 565:Terrestrials 562: 558:Earth masses 551: 548:Solar System 509: 486: 450:small bodies 430: 406:giant planet 394:protoplanets 366: 292:hot Jupiters 285: 280: 273:dwarf planet 236: 230: 173: 171: 101:Solar System 76:is a large, 73: 71: 34:Solar System 25: 18929:Outer space 18917:Spaceflight 18876:Big History 18778:Agriculture 18749:abiogenesis 18729:dying stars 18670:Time scales 18641:Big History 18428:before 2000 18344:Discoveries 18119:Polarimetry 18007:Binary star 17897:Rubble pile 17892:Ring system 17862:Outer space 17832:Kuiper belt 17787:Hills cloud 17742:Debris disk 17737:Cosmic dust 17666:Sub-Neptune 17651:Protoplanet 17586:Brown dwarf 17574:Other types 17530:Hot Neptune 17525:Hot Jupiter 17516:(Gas dwarf) 17491:Super-Earth 17476:Ocean world 17471:Lava planet 17465:Iron planet 17427:Terrestrial 17368:Main topics 17249:Local Sheet 17243:Local Group 17026:Rubble pile 17014:Roche limit 17009:Ring system 16960:Outer space 16935:Kuiper belt 16905:Hill sphere 16900:Hills cloud 16848:Debris disk 16843:Cosmic dust 16627:Exploration 16582:Planet Nine 16567:Fifth giant 16541:Hills cloud 16502:Kuiper belt 16473:exceptional 16389:Trojan camp 15512:unicode.org 15457:29 November 15418:unicode.org 15294:unicode.org 14843:: 301–305. 14586:24 February 14379:: 122–133. 14140:: 109–137. 14068:(79): A79. 13936:22 December 13556:Purch Group 13312:See p. 208. 13165:Brown, Mike 13043:: 193–216. 12253:(1): 1–12. 12164:26 November 12148:: 161–172. 11709:(1): 1–38. 11669:"planet, n" 11143:10045/70230 10332:11336/86936 10238:10871/16060 9590:: 268–278. 9567:31 December 9382:: 377–387. 8674:29 November 8102:9 September 8045:9 September 8018:(1): 1–23. 7852:: 129–174. 7610:(2): L159. 7343:(2): L125. 6447:21 December 6383:20 December 5535:(2): 1102. 4943:(1): 29pp. 4699:: 298–312. 4427:30 December 3992:astrologers 3955:planisphere 3799:Shakespeare 3747:Greek deity 3725:اَلْمِرِّيخ 3488:Ahura Mazda 3474:Verethragna 3434:The native 3372:lunar nodes 3306:Old English 3278:(Tuesday), 3246:Mesopotamia 3032:Babylonians 2940:< 2/(25+ 2838:Brown dwarf 2798:Astronomer 2632:Object has 2569:Kuiper belt 2424:(in 1802), 2420:(in 1801), 2402:discovered 2301:Middle East 2290:South India 2237:written by 2216:proposed a 2098:Mesopotamia 2094:Babylonians 2005:fixed stars 1864:ring system 1771:HD 189733 b 1759:anticyclone 1755:dust storms 1663:atmospheres 1260:stellar day 1143:inclination 1060:Sun rotates 1052:inclination 991:COCONUTS-2b 964:Gliese 581c 941:light-years 897:51 Pegasi b 870:PSR 1257+12 653:Kuiper belt 516:metallicity 424:was likely 296:51 Pegasi b 261:Kuiper belt 226:geocentrism 224:supplanted 97:brown dwarf 18963:Categories 18854:Fred Spier 18849:Carl Sagan 18813:ChronoZoom 18792:modern era 18339:Exoplanets 18320:Host stars 18267:Catalogues 18090:Astrometry 18052:Subdwarf B 17989:Host stars 17962:Retrograde 17857:Oort cloud 17695:Formation 17631:Mesoplanet 17555:Super-puff 17481:Mega-Earth 17460:Ice planet 17345:Definition 17330:Exoplanets 17268:Local Hole 17215:Gould Belt 16955:Oort cloud 16791:Formation, 16781:Deep space 16617:Vulcanoids 16534:Oort cloud 16458:first 1000 16394:Greek camp 16292:Meteoroids 16287:Damocloids 16233:Charikloan 15114:9 February 14947:. Munich: 14896:16 January 14501:30 January 14351:7 February 13960:(2): 120. 13887:2203.09520 13880:: 101641. 13733:2407.07590 13726:(7): 159. 13673:1507.06300 13666:(6): 185. 13529:4 November 13477:1603.06224 13340:12 October 13149:26 January 13006:25 October 12977:25 October 12664:(3): 121. 12589:1805.04115 12557:required.) 12536:"asteroid" 12499:28 January 12393:(67): 762. 12121:7 February 12034:6 February 11861:4 February 11683:7 February 11634:Etymology" 11481:2110.15285 11474:: 114768. 11257:(1): L93. 11232:Q116754015 11117:2006.03113 11048:: 77–115. 10926:(1): 748. 10720:29 January 10549:2102.05064 10472:2007.15363 10465:(8): 139. 10286:23 October 10152:1909.04642 10145:(1): L14. 10035:(2): L25. 9898:1702.08611 9178:2007.08059 9094:(1): 141. 8938:(5): 199. 8879:2106.06550 8703:1604.00917 8637:1 February 8263:2307.04848 8203:2211.07987 7320:2 February 7027:2107.02805 7020:(2): L11. 6970:1506.05097 6963:(2): L25. 6743:1603.08614 6594:7 November 5837:2309.15230 5107:1510.07704 4950:1504.04364 4852:Exoplanets 4803:Exoplanets 4353:2203.09520 4346:: 101641. 4319:References 4195:Mesoplanet 4157:Earth mass 4153:solar mass 3740:al-Muštarī 3730:al-Mirrīkh 3588:Li Shanlan 3462:; Mars is 3442:(Persian: 3208:their gods 3110:Phosphoros 3005:exoplanets 2989:See also: 2871:Dale Frail 2844:exoplanets 2828:Exoplanets 2738:planetoids 2689:See also: 2575:, such as 2542:or Mars's 2395:fixed star 2383:Copernicus 2355:See also: 2309:Al-Andalus 2286:elliptical 2272:After the 2202:Phosphoros 2194:Parmenides 2190:Pythagoras 2170:See also: 2034:or simply 1832:solar wind 1825:ionosphere 1751:hurricanes 1743:insolation 1643:See also: 1635:Atmosphere 1629:Atmosphere 1537:Kepler-37b 1509:, and the 1386:See also: 1336:Tau Boötis 1264:north pole 1248:See also: 1206:axial tilt 1196:Axial tilt 1190:Axial tilt 1164:retrograde 1111:trajectory 1091:perihelion 1087:periastron 1028:See also: 997:Attributes 928:Kepler-20f 924:Kepler-20e 863:Dale Frail 828:exoplanets 800:Exoplanets 585:ice giants 577:gas giants 437:solar wind 398:atmosphere 379:. Through 304:HD 20782 b 302:, such as 288:exoplanets 245:ice giants 122:, and the 18953:Astronomy 18788:Modernity 18770:Stone Age 18705:cosmogony 18680:Modernity 18665:Deep time 18433:2000–2009 18399:1501–2000 18394:1001–1500 18082:Detection 18047:Red giant 17707:Accretion 17699:evolution 17540:Ice giant 17535:Gas giant 17486:Sub-Earth 17375:Exoplanet 17229:Milky Way 17222:Orion Arm 16990:Formation 16975:Migration 16970:Disrupted 16838:Coatlicue 16806:Accretion 16793:evolution 16739:Asteroids 16651:astronomy 16646:Discovery 16507:Cubewanos 16428:Asteroids 16258:Quaoarian 16248:Neptunian 16238:Chironean 16223:Saturnian 15999:Enceladus 15224:20 August 14962:28 August 14867:162671357 14816:5 October 14785:162579411 14572:"Planets" 14555:11 August 14411:118954190 14285:208269607 14277:2196-6761 14170:191393468 14154:0021-0889 14075:1106.0586 14045:118513110 14020:1008.5150 14013:(1): 57. 13992:118553341 13967:1305.0980 13912:247065421 13602:28 August 13566:28 August 13551:Space.com 13496:0035-8711 13433:211137608 13425:2397-3366 13329:Astronomy 13214:23 August 13179:11 August 13075:119338327 12945:23 August 12875:120501620 12698:125439949 12614:119206487 12582:: 21–32. 12275:118875902 12217:1055-6796 12154:1971-8608 12089:121539390 12007:CiteSeerX 11820:227002144 11723:162347339 11506:240071005 11369:118456052 11344:1310.1936 11337:(7): L7. 11224:1476-4687 11173:6 October 11160:205260767 11015:236220377 10948:2041-1723 10898:23 August 10779:0004-637X 10710:Astronomy 10582:231861632 10574:2169-9097 10505:220870881 10497:0038-6308 10436:16 August 10341:0035-8711 10187:209324670 10179:2041-8205 10042:1309.7894 9955:0705.0993 9923:119482985 9775:250815558 9622:119194193 9597:1403.3208 9500:206513512 9233:23 August 9203:220546126 8962:252992162 8775:1012.5676 8730:118434022 8480:0706.1684 8411:0802.2732 8370:1405.1025 8256:(10): 6. 8228:253522934 7548:119194526 7523:0912.3626 7440:23 August 7289:23 August 7236:0708.0335 7128:0908.1553 7070:236464073 7062:2041-8205 6995:119111221 6899:0705.3758 6807:0906.2780 6770:119114880 6736:(1): 17. 6698:cite news 6688:23 August 6630:1311.6806 6522:USA Today 6502:119103101 6477:1303.2649 6470:(1): L8. 6418:122575277 6342:205232792 6326:0028-0836 6301:1305.5587 6075:1202.0903 5801:126574999 5604:118415186 5579:1310.7830 5572:(1): 14. 5381:0066-4146 5334:1745-3925 5315:1211.0023 5175:23 August 4975:119216797 4903:0812.4995 4812:1006.5486 4759:0810.5186 4731:118572605 4706:1405.7305 4637:118522228 4612:1310.2211 4584:0066-4146 4457:23 August 4386:247065421 4378:1387-6473 4298:Thuỷ tinh 4120:Gonggong 4111:Makemake 3938:monograms 3751:Roman one 3722:), Mars ( 3686:az-Zuhara 3667:Canaanite 3651:Shabbatai 3554:(Jupiter 3530:(Mercury 3420:Bṛhaspati 3368:Navagraha 3217:Mercurius 3161:Aphrodite 3121:Olympians 3044:antiquity 3026:) in the 2978:red dwarf 2911:deuterium 2899:51 Pegasi 2860:gas-cloud 2856:deuterium 2461:in 1847; 2449:in 1845; 2439:asteroids 2337:Al-Biruni 2278:Aryabhata 2206:Aphrodite 2160:telescope 2110:cuneiform 2053:wanderers 2001:astronomy 1993:mythology 1983:The five 1953:asteroids 1881:resonance 1848:HD 179949 1810:(diagram) 1779:Kepler-7b 1619:geodynamo 1599:silicates 1513:up to 24 1496:deuterium 1477:red dwarf 1171:ascending 1152:sky plane 979:Kepler-11 901:51 Pegasi 874:supernova 852:Milky Way 830:in 4,949 824:exoplanet 806:Exoplanet 712:Enceladus 410:ice giant 381:accretion 373:protostar 322:Formation 233:telescope 202:antiquity 195:wanderers 172:The word 167:accretion 155:protostar 87:around a 18721:Elements 18701:Big Bang 18697:Creation 18389:501–1000 18369:Heaviest 18349:Extremes 18057:Subgiant 17930:Exocomet 17282:Universe 17120:Moonlets 16700:programs 16673:timeline 16661:timeline 16592:Planet X 16587:Planet V 16524:Sednoids 16512:Plutinos 16485:Centaurs 16463:families 16192:Dysnomia 16180:Xiangliu 16175:Gonggong 16163:Makemake 16122:Kerberos 16009:Hyperion 15947:Callisto 15942:Ganymede 15875:Gonggong 15870:Makemake 15725:Gonggong 15718:Makemake 15522:6 August 15516:Archived 15491:8 August 15482:Archived 15431:8 August 15422:Archived 15298:Archived 15218:Archived 15164:Archived 15108:Archived 15075:Archived 14953:Archived 14890:Archived 14882:"Zuhara" 14810:Archived 14729:Archived 14686:Archived 14660:Archived 14631:Archived 14580:Archived 14549:Archived 14495:Archived 14464:Archived 14434:Archived 14315:Archived 14289:Archived 14193:Archived 14116:Archived 14100:55994657 13698:51684830 13629:Archived 13596:Archived 13560:Archived 13437:Archived 13334:Archived 13208:Archived 13200:BBC News 13143:Archived 13114:Archived 13088:4 August 13079:Archived 13000:Archived 12971:Archived 12963:(1863). 12939:Archived 12931:BBC News 12828:16591209 12714:(1997). 12517:(1912). 12493:Archived 12332:Archived 12295:(1998). 12221:Archived 12158:Archived 12025:Archived 12005:: 7–35. 11798:(2007). 11677:Archived 11675:. 2007. 11644:Archived 11608:Archived 11571:πλανήτης 11540:Archived 11516:8 August 11510:Archived 11391:Archived 11289:11685964 11228:Wikidata 11164:Archived 11152:29022593 11070:(2004). 11019:Archived 10966:29487311 10791:Archived 10787:15829056 10683:Archived 10679:15881781 10586:Archived 10509:Archived 10414:20549014 10406:17038587 10345:Archived 10280:Archived 10259:Archived 10247:17268463 10112:24380949 10004:Archived 9980:17495920 9861:Archived 9822:16057644 9675:18688556 9537:25 March 9531:Archived 9492:18599777 9441:Archived 9417:6 August 9408:Archived 9404:46172826 9343:Archived 9323:: A117. 8902:Archived 8853:18649212 8800:51769219 8668:Archived 8631:Archived 8621:(2006). 8598:archived 8563:21 April 8526:Archived 8507:16610947 8446:6 August 8440:Archived 8436:56317105 8363:(2): 8. 8342:11484750 8172:26 March 8166:Archived 8141:24 April 8135:Archived 8093:Archived 8036:Archived 7990:45608770 7982:17768871 7939:16842429 7888:Archived 7886:. NASA. 7790:21133097 7782:17743054 7731:Archived 7375:11519263 7314:Archived 7261:16457143 7153:53628741 7092:Archived 6924:14475537 6867:25 April 6861:Archived 6857:BBC News 6667:24191033 6557:Archived 6527:Archived 6441:Archived 6346:Archived 6334:23426260 6224:Archived 6189:Archived 6100:22237108 6011:Archived 5915:21468196 5907:17569855 5727:Archived 5665:Archived 5635:Archived 5502:Archived 5479:21134564 5471:11536547 5283:15261426 5230:16301955 5132:26472913 5071:Archived 5025:16688170 4864:Archived 4825:Archived 4784:18964068 4533:Archived 4500:Archived 4421:Archived 4390:Archived 4294:sao Thuỷ 4171:See also 3984:platinum 3960:caduceus 3942:caduceus 3924:Neptune 3891:Jupiter 3846:Mercury 3783:plutinos 3775:Massalia 3755:Poseidon 3715:عُطَارِد 3562:(Saturn 3505:kajamānu 3502:Akkadian 3397:'Moon', 3262:Saturday 3241:Saturnus 3235:Iuppiter 3232:(Ares), 3098:Phaethon 3052:Akkadian 3048:Sumerian 2915:hydrogen 2766:Gonggong 2762:Makemake 2709:Dysnomia 2641:Source: 2540:Hyperion 2377:and the 2333:Avicenna 2317:Far East 2234:Almagest 2198:Hesperos 2106:MUL.APIN 2045:planētai 2038:πλανῆται 2011:πλάνητες 1900:moonlets 1836:Ganymede 1749:such as 1728:nitrogen 1426:spheroid 1244:Rotation 1234:solstice 1204:Earth's 1160:equators 1148:ecliptic 1099:aphelion 1095:apastron 1068:WASP-17b 939:12 842:down to 698:Callisto 694:Ganymede 637:Gonggong 633:Makemake 581:hydrogen 522:with an 426:captured 218:folklore 186:planḗtai 179:πλανήται 18974:Planets 18891:Portals 18868:Related 18735:Planets 18727:inside 18364:Largest 18359:Nearest 18062:T Tauri 17958:Orbits 17942:Exomoon 17922:Systems 17636:Planemo 17501:Gaseous 17103:Related 17082:by size 16771:Neptune 16756:Jupiter 16707:Mercury 16632:outline 16577:Phaeton 16572:Nemesis 16559:objects 16411:Neptune 16384:Jupiter 16364:Trojans 16357:Neptune 16342:Jupiter 16322:Mercury 16253:Haumean 16243:Uranian 16225: ( 16139:Hiʻiaka 16073:Proteus 16063:Neptune 16051:Miranda 16041:Umbriel 16031:Titania 16019:all 146 15984:Iapetus 15937:Jupiter 15831:Neptune 15809:Jupiter 15777:Mercury 15759:Planets 15684:Neptune 15669:Jupiter 15642:Mercury 15381:Bibcode 15379:: 306. 15334:Bibcode 15248:Bibcode 15170:27 June 15139:Bibcode 15137:: 325. 14845:Bibcode 14805:Haaretz 14713:中国科技术语 14666:8 April 14615:中国科技术语 14456:"earth" 14391:Bibcode 14295:12 July 14199:12 July 14162:4200484 14080:Bibcode 14025:Bibcode 13972:Bibcode 13892:Bibcode 13844:Bibcode 13821:4339201 13801:Bibcode 13775:Bibcode 13773:: 529, 13738:Bibcode 13678:Bibcode 13635:24 July 13443:27 June 13405:Bibcode 13378:Twitter 13285:Bibcode 13246:Bibcode 13055:Bibcode 12898:Bibcode 12855:Bibcode 12796:Bibcode 12755:Bibcode 12666:Bibcode 12594:Bibcode 12418:Bibcode 12360:(ed.). 12338:10 July 12289:Ptolemy 12255:Bibcode 12227:13 July 12197:Bibcode 12061:Bibcode 11650:29 June 11614:23 July 11589:at the 11486:Bibcode 11431:8 April 11349:Bibcode 11269:Bibcode 11204:Bibcode 11122:Bibcode 11050:Bibcode 10995:Bibcode 10957:5829080 10928:Bibcode 10857:Bibcode 10822:Bibcode 10797:10 July 10759:Bibcode 10689:13 July 10659:Bibcode 10592:10 July 10554:Bibcode 10515:10 July 10477:Bibcode 10386:Bibcode 10368:Science 10351:10 July 10255:4391861 10217:Bibcode 10157:Bibcode 10120:4408861 10092:Bibcode 10047:Bibcode 10010:10 July 9988:4402268 9960:Bibcode 9903:Bibcode 9830:4201521 9802:Bibcode 9755:Bibcode 9655:Bibcode 9602:Bibcode 9472:Bibcode 9464:Science 9384:Bibcode 9352:10 July 9325:Bibcode 9283:Bibcode 9183:Bibcode 9171:: A80, 9134:Bibcode 9096:Bibcode 9061:Bibcode 8992:Bibcode 8940:Bibcode 8908:12 July 8833:Bibcode 8780:Bibcode 8532:7 March 8485:Bibcode 8416:Bibcode 8375:Bibcode 8322:Bibcode 8268:Bibcode 8208:Bibcode 8077:Bibcode 8020:Bibcode 7962:Bibcode 7954:Science 7919:Bibcode 7894:12 July 7854:Bibcode 7812:Bibcode 7762:Bibcode 7754:Science 7737:6 April 7715:Bibcode 7642:7051928 7622:Bibcode 7575:Bibcode 7528:Bibcode 7481:Bibcode 7400:Bibcode 7355:Bibcode 7241:Bibcode 7133:Bibcode 7032:Bibcode 6975:Bibcode 6904:Bibcode 6832:2983930 6812:Bibcode 6748:Bibcode 6658:3845182 6635:Bibcode 6563:12 July 6482:Bibcode 6352:11 July 6306:Bibcode 6261:11 July 6181:Bibcode 6154:4260368 6134:Bibcode 6108:2614136 6080:Bibcode 6045:24 July 6017:24 June 5887:Bibcode 5879:Science 5842:Bibcode 5781:Bibcode 5671:11 July 5584:Bibcode 5537:Bibcode 5451:Bibcode 5443:Science 5416:Bibcode 5361:Bibcode 5263:Bibcode 5210:Bibcode 5161:Bibcode 5140:1220226 5112:Bibcode 5094:Science 5077:7 April 5033:4420518 5005:Bibcode 4955:Bibcode 4908:Bibcode 4856:Bibcode 4817:Bibcode 4764:Bibcode 4711:Bibcode 4664:Bibcode 4617:Bibcode 4564:Bibcode 4539:10 July 4506:3 April 4358:Bibcode 4292:, e.g. 4286:calques 4161:Unicode 4102:Quaoar 4093:Haumea 4060:Hygiea 4051:Pallas 3968:circlet 3909:Uranus 3900:Saturn 3821:Symbols 3807:Miranda 3735:المشتري 3720:ʿUṭārid 3696:al-ʾArḍ 3647:Ma'adim 3635:Levanah 3580:calques 3538:(Venus 3520:Vietnam 3460:Anahita 3436:Persian 3412:Mangala 3394:Chandra 3391:'Sun', 3256:in the 3180:Olympus 3133:Artemis 3116:Stilbon 3104:Pyroeis 3092:Phainon 3087:Titanic 2943:√ 2938:central 2889:of the 2793:Proteus 2701:Proteus 2653:23 June 2504:Neptune 2447:Astraea 2387:Galileo 2239:Ptolemy 2148:Jupiter 2140:Mercury 2082:Babylon 2068:Babylon 2014:ἀστέρες 1987:of the 1765:), and 1736:methane 1611:methane 1607:ammonia 1230:climate 1226:seasons 1137:centre. 1080:gravity 891:of the 794:Salacia 754:Titania 750:Umbriel 742:Miranda 732:Iapetus 593:ammonia 589:methane 412:, or a 275:. Many 163:gravity 139:Neptune 127:Jupiter 108:Mercury 78:rounded 66:Mercury 50:Neptune 42:Jupiter 18759:Humans 18379:Kepler 18354:Firsts 18253:Tholin 18124:Timing 18042:Pulsar 17967:Trojan 17581:Blanet 17340:Planet 17277: 17270: 17263: 17238: 17231: 17224: 17217: 17210: 17203: 17196: 17125:Syzygy 17047:Comets 16980:System 16965:Planet 16858:EXCEDE 16766:Uranus 16761:Saturn 16751:Comets 16744:mining 16722:mining 16612:Vulcan 16453:active 16448:Hygiea 16443:Pallas 16406:Uranus 16352:Uranus 16347:Saturn 16282:Comets 16274:bodies 16272:System 16218:Jovian 16156:Weywot 16151:Quaoar 16144:Namaka 16134:Haumea 16107:Charon 16083:all 16 16078:Nereid 16068:Triton 16056:all 28 16036:Oberon 16026:Uranus 16014:Phoebe 15994:Tethys 15969:Saturn 15962:all 95 15957:Europa 15930:Deimos 15925:Phobos 15904:Earth 15865:Quaoar 15860:Haumea 15840:Dwarfs 15826:Uranus 15814:Saturn 15799:Giants 15764:dwarfs 15711:Quaoar 15704:Haumea 15679:Uranus 15674:Saturn 15196: 15046: 14989: 14921: 14865: 14783: 14777:545038 14775: 14524: 14440:13 May 14409: 14342: 14283: 14275: 14224: 14168: 14160: 14152: 14098: 14043: 13990: 13910: 13819: 13793:Nature 13696: 13494: 13431: 13423: 13305: 13260:5 July 13073: 12873: 12826: 12819:300311 12816: 12722: 12696: 12635: 12612: 12576:Icarus 12463: 12436: 12368: 12303: 12273: 12215: 12152: 12142:KASKAL 12112: 12087: 12079: 12009: 11977:602955 11975: 11938: 11914: 11852: 11818: 11808: 11767: 11721: 11632:Planet 11563:πλάνης 11546:19 May 11504: 11468:Icarus 11367: 11287: 11230: 11222: 11195:Nature 11158: 11150: 11104:Nature 11078: 11025:7 July 11013: 10964: 10954: 10946: 10849:Icarus 10785: 10777: 10677: 10628: 10580: 10572: 10503: 10495: 10412: 10404: 10339: 10253: 10245: 10209:Nature 10185: 10177: 10118: 10110: 10083:Nature 10067:701011 10065: 9986: 9978: 9942:Nature 9921: 9853: 9828: 9820: 9794:Nature 9773: 9729: 9696: 9673: 9620: 9584:Icarus 9523: 9498: 9490: 9402: 9376:Icarus 9256: 9201: 9088:Icarus 9053:Icarus 8984:Icarus 8960: 8894: 8851: 8798: 8728: 8718: 8604:13 May 8590: 8505: 8434: 8340: 8284:. 193. 8226: 8196:: L3. 8127: 8069:Icarus 8012:Icarus 7988: 7980: 7937: 7788: 7780: 7707:Icarus 7680: 7640: 7567:Icarus 7546: 7510:Icarus 7457:, NASA 7373: 7259: 7223:Icarus 7204: 7151: 7098:13 May 7068: 7060: 6993: 6922: 6830: 6768: 6665: 6655: 6533:10 May 6500: 6416: 6401:Nature 6340: 6332: 6324: 6288:Nature 6230:5 June 6195:13 May 6179:: 3+. 6152: 6126:Nature 6106: 6098: 6062:Nature 5981: 5913: 5905: 5824:Icarus 5799: 5779:: 30. 5773:Icarus 5697: 5641:13 May 5627: 5602: 5508:13 May 5477: 5469: 5408:Icarus 5391:13 May 5379: 5332: 5281: 5228: 5138: 5130: 5031: 5023: 4997:Nature 4973: 4918: 4782: 4746:Icarus 4729: 4693:Icarus 4635: 4582: 4396:13 May 4384: 4376: 4312:star". 4282:Hangul 4138:Sedna 4078:Pluto 4069:Orcus 4042:Ceres 4024:Vesta 4015:Earth 4004:bident 3864:Earth 3855:Venus 3791:Tongva 3787:Quaoar 3771:Athena 3765:, and 3681:الزهرة 3655:Tzedeq 3643:Kokhav 3631:Ḥammah 3546:(Mars 3518:, and 3492:Keyvān 3486:) for 3478:Hormoz 3472:) for 3464:Bahrām 3458:) for 3406:Shukra 3270:Monday 3268:, and 3266:Sunday 3168:Hermes 3140:Cronus 3129:Apollo 3082:Selene 3076:Helios 3068:Marduk 3060:Nergal 3056:Ishtar 3040:Romans 3038:, and 3036:Greeks 2897:star ( 2875:pulsar 2836:, and 2785:Charon 2772:, and 2758:Quaoar 2754:Haumea 2705:Nereid 2589:Haumea 2587:, and 2577:Quaoar 2556:planet 2548:Deimos 2544:Phobos 2512:Charon 2506:, and 2467:Hygiea 2457:, and 2422:Pallas 2404:Uranus 2391:Kepler 2389:, and 2311:, and 2152:Saturn 2150:, and 2117:. The 1959:, and 1930:OTS 44 1885:Europa 1775:clouds 1703:oxygen 1671:Triton 1595:nickel 1587:crusts 1579:mantle 1541:Phoebe 1529:pulsar 1394:, and 1177:. The 867:pulsar 785:Tethys 778:Charon 768:Triton 758:Oberon 756:, and 730:, and 716:Tethys 702:Seven 696:, and 690:Europa 643:, and 629:Quaoar 625:Haumea 609:bodies 603:orbit. 591:, and 528:helium 501:comets 497:mantle 435:, the 422:Triton 369:nebula 281:planet 255:; and 237:planet 174:planet 151:nebula 137:, and 135:Uranus 131:Saturn 118:, and 74:planet 64:, and 46:Uranus 38:Saturn 18905:Stars 18711:Stars 18519:Other 18384:1–500 18309:Lists 17418:types 17413:Sizes 17040:Lists 16776:Pluto 16734:Ceres 16712:Venus 16607:Tyche 16602:Theia 16438:Vesta 16433:Ceres 16374:Earth 16369:Venus 16332:Earth 16327:Venus 16307:moons 16270:Solar 16268:Small 16227:Rhean 16212:Earth 16204:Rings 16117:Hydra 16102:Pluto 16095:Vanth 16090:Orcus 16046:Ariel 16004:Mimas 15989:Dione 15974:Titan 15897:Moons 15885:Sedna 15855:Pluto 15850:Orcus 15845:Ceres 15787:Earth 15782:Venus 15739:Sedna 15697:Pluto 15690:Orcus 15663:Ceres 15652:Earth 15647:Venus 15485:(PDF) 15478:(PDF) 15425:(PDF) 15414:(PDF) 15332:–96. 15301:(PDF) 15290:(PDF) 15084:1 May 15078:(PDF) 15067:(PDF) 14956:(PDF) 14945:(PDF) 14863:S2CID 14781:S2CID 14773:JSTOR 14735:5 May 14634:(PDF) 14611:(PDF) 14470:7 May 14407:S2CID 14381:arXiv 14281:S2CID 14166:S2CID 14158:JSTOR 14096:S2CID 14070:arXiv 14041:S2CID 14015:arXiv 13988:S2CID 13962:arXiv 13908:S2CID 13882:arXiv 13817:S2CID 13728:arXiv 13694:S2CID 13668:arXiv 13472:arXiv 13429:S2CID 13374:Tweet 13234:(PDF) 13082:(PDF) 13071:S2CID 13045:arXiv 13033:(PDF) 12871:S2CID 12694:S2CID 12610:S2CID 12584:arXiv 12551: 12271:S2CID 12085:S2CID 12081:74273 12077:JSTOR 12028:(PDF) 11995:(PDF) 11973:JSTOR 11719:S2CID 11502:S2CID 11476:arXiv 11397:2 May 11365:S2CID 11339:arXiv 11285:S2CID 11259:arXiv 11167:(PDF) 11156:S2CID 11112:arXiv 11100:(PDF) 11011:S2CID 10783:S2CID 10749:arXiv 10578:S2CID 10544:arXiv 10542:(3). 10501:S2CID 10467:arXiv 10410:S2CID 10376:arXiv 10251:S2CID 10205:(PDF) 10183:S2CID 10147:arXiv 10116:S2CID 10063:S2CID 10037:arXiv 9984:S2CID 9950:arXiv 9919:S2CID 9893:arXiv 9867:4 May 9826:S2CID 9771:S2CID 9671:S2CID 9645:arXiv 9618:S2CID 9592:arXiv 9496:S2CID 9447:7 May 9411:(PDF) 9400:S2CID 9372:(PDF) 9346:(PDF) 9313:(PDF) 9199:S2CID 9173:arXiv 9017:7 May 9011:(PDF) 8980:(PDF) 8958:S2CID 8874:arXiv 8849:S2CID 8823:arXiv 8796:S2CID 8770:arXiv 8726:S2CID 8698:arXiv 8503:S2CID 8475:arXiv 8432:S2CID 8406:arXiv 8365:arXiv 8338:S2CID 8312:arXiv 8258:arXiv 8224:S2CID 8198:arXiv 8096:(PDF) 8065:(PDF) 8039:(PDF) 8008:(PDF) 7986:S2CID 7935:S2CID 7786:S2CID 7638:S2CID 7612:arXiv 7544:S2CID 7518:arXiv 7371:S2CID 7345:arXiv 7257:S2CID 7231:arXiv 7185:–327. 7149:S2CID 7123:arXiv 7066:S2CID 7022:arXiv 6991:S2CID 6965:arXiv 6920:S2CID 6894:arXiv 6839:(PDF) 6828:S2CID 6802:arXiv 6788:(PDF) 6766:S2CID 6738:arXiv 6625:arXiv 6498:S2CID 6472:arXiv 6414:S2CID 6338:S2CID 6296:arXiv 6150:S2CID 6104:S2CID 6070:arXiv 5958:5 May 5922:(PDF) 5911:S2CID 5875:(PDF) 5832:arXiv 5797:S2CID 5769:(PDF) 5733:5 May 5600:S2CID 5574:arXiv 5475:S2CID 5310:arXiv 5279:S2CID 5253:arXiv 5226:S2CID 5200:arXiv 5136:S2CID 5102:arXiv 5046:1 May 5040:(PDF) 5029:S2CID 4993:(PDF) 4971:S2CID 4945:arXiv 4898:arXiv 4870:1 May 4831:1 May 4807:arXiv 4780:S2CID 4754:arXiv 4727:S2CID 4701:arXiv 4633:S2CID 4607:arXiv 4382:S2CID 4348:arXiv 4221:Notes 4129:Eris 4033:Juno 3882:Mars 3873:Moon 3767:Vesta 3759:Ceres 3710:Zuḥal 3705:زُحَل 3700:eretz 3691:الأرض 3676:Rahab 3560:earth 3536:metal 3528:water 3516:Korea 3497:کیوان 3469:بهرام 3455:ناهید 3450:Nāhid 3428:Shani 3400:Budha 3388:Surya 3364:India 3347:terra 3334:aarde 3326:earth 3320:word 3310:eorþe 3308:word 3287:Þunor 3281:Wōden 3223:Venus 3054:name 3024:Earth 2789:Mimas 2774:Sedna 2750:Pluto 2746:Orcus 2647:(PDF) 2620:orbit 2581:Sedna 2495:Pluto 2463:Metis 2459:Flora 2430:Vesta 2418:Ceres 2210:Venus 2136:Venus 2129:omens 2064:China 1965:Pluto 1963:like 1957:moons 1679:space 1675:Pluto 1667:Titan 1583:fluid 1324:Vanth 1320:Orcus 1214:plane 1089:, or 1044:Pluto 1020:Orbit 1014:Orbit 1003:rings 746:Ariel 736:Five 728:Titan 720:Dione 708:Mimas 680:Four 645:Sedna 621:Pluto 617:Orcus 613:Ceres 408:, an 257:Pluto 249:Ceres 241:moons 200:. In 116:Earth 112:Venus 95:, or 85:orbit 58:Venus 54:Earth 18751:and 18745:Life 18703:and 18508:2024 18503:2023 18498:2022 18493:2021 18488:2020 18483:2019 18478:2018 18473:2017 18468:2016 18463:2015 18458:2014 18453:2013 18448:2012 18443:2011 18438:2010 18153:list 18141:list 18129:list 18112:list 18100:list 17697:and 17415:and 16729:Mars 16717:Moon 16695:list 16678:list 16379:Mars 16337:Mars 16187:Eris 16127:Styx 15979:Rhea 15920:Mars 15908:Moon 15880:Eris 15792:Mars 15732:Eris 15657:Mars 15524:2022 15493:2022 15459:2011 15433:2022 15309:2022 15226:2018 15194:ISBN 15172:2022 15116:2022 15086:2022 15044:ISBN 14987:ISBN 14964:2022 14919:ISBN 14898:2019 14818:2022 14737:2023 14694:2022 14668:2010 14642:2022 14588:2023 14557:2022 14522:ISBN 14503:2008 14472:2021 14442:2022 14353:2008 14340:ISBN 14297:2022 14273:ISSN 14222:ISBN 14201:2022 14150:ISSN 14134:Iraq 13938:2021 13637:2016 13604:2022 13568:2022 13531:2011 13492:ISSN 13445:2022 13421:ISSN 13342:2019 13303:ISBN 13262:2011 13242:8747 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8565:2007 8534:2007 8448:2022 8174:2007 8143:2017 8125:ISBN 8104:2006 8047:2006 7978:PMID 7896:2022 7778:PMID 7739:2023 7678:ISBN 7442:2008 7322:2008 7291:2008 7202:ISBN 7100:2022 7058:ISSN 6869:2007 6704:link 6690:2008 6663:PMID 6596:2013 6565:2022 6535:2016 6449:2011 6385:2011 6373:NASA 6354:2022 6330:PMID 6322:ISSN 6263:2022 6251:NASA 6232:2017 6197:2022 6096:PMID 6047:2024 6019:2022 5979:ISBN 5960:2022 5948:NASA 5930:2015 5903:PMID 5735:2022 5695:ISBN 5673:2022 5643:2022 5625:ISBN 5510:2022 5467:PMID 5393:2022 5377:ISSN 5330:ISSN 5177:2008 5128:PMID 5079:2010 5048:2022 5021:PMID 4916:ISBN 4872:2016 4833:2016 4580:ISSN 4541:2022 4508:2022 4459:2008 4429:2009 4398:2022 4374:ISSN 4310:Yama 4304:but 4249:See 3996:NASA 3966:, a 3837:Sun 3803:Pope 3801:and 3763:Juno 3672:Oron 3586:and 3552:wood 3544:fire 3483:هرمز 3382:Ketu 3379:and 3376:Rahu 3357:(Ge) 3338:jord 3330:Erde 3322:erþō 3293:Frīġ 3229:Mars 3154:Ares 3147:Zeus 3131:and 3079:and 3064:Nabu 3003:and 2993:and 2936:(M/M 2885:and 2869:and 2848:belt 2770:Eris 2703:and 2655:2009 2603:The 2585:Eris 2546:and 2455:Iris 2451:Hebe 2426:Juno 2258:and 2176:The 2144:Mars 2138:and 1944:and 1872:The 1862:and 1841:axes 1688:−0.6 1686:+0.7 1637:and 1615:ices 1593:and 1591:iron 1440:Mass 1422:pole 1297:days 1173:and 1140:The 1130:The 1120:The 1105:for 1076:year 1032:and 1022:and 958:and 926:and 887:and 861:and 772:One 762:One 724:Rhea 676:Moon 641:Eris 569:rock 493:core 385:mass 316:life 265:Eris 210:Moon 120:Mars 89:star 62:Mars 18786:8: 18776:7: 18757:6: 18743:5: 18733:4: 18719:3: 18709:2: 18695:1: 17350:IAU 16468:PHA 16112:Nix 15821:Ice 15804:Gas 15637:Sun 15160:IAU 14853:doi 14841:260 14765:doi 14721:doi 14623:doi 14399:doi 14263:hdl 14255:doi 14142:doi 14088:doi 14066:532 14033:doi 14011:727 13980:doi 13958:770 13900:doi 13852:doi 13809:doi 13797:378 13771:211 13746:doi 13686:doi 13664:150 13482:doi 13468:460 13413:doi 13293:doi 13109:ABC 13063:doi 12906:doi 12894:274 12863:doi 12814:PMC 12804:doi 12763:doi 12684:hdl 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