161:
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Regardless of the official role of the title, PaveliÄ had unlimited authority to pass decrees and appoint government ministers throughout the existence of NDH. Since the state ceased to exist in 1945, the title was never claimed by any successor. It continued to be used informally as a nickname for
341:
movement in the organization's founding charter in 1930, while he was in exile in Italy. The organization (whose name at the time meant simply "rebels" in
Croatian but which also lost its original meaning in modern usage), was organized as a movement which sought to create an independent
625:
Hrvoje
MatkoviÄ, Designirani hrvatski kralj Tomislav II. vojvoda od Spoleta. Povijest hrvatskotalijanskih odnosa u prvoj polovici XX.st. (Designated Croatian king Tomislav II. Duke of Spoleto. History of Croatian-Italian relationships in first half of the 20th century), Zagreb
389:
Legally, the exact role of the person carrying the title and its function were never officially stipulated in the constitution or in any other piece of legislation passed during NDH's existence. From May 1941 to
October 1943 NDH attempted to be a kingdom and Ante PaveliÄ
369:
NDH), the title continued to be used for PaveliÄ, and its meaning was taken to have evolved into "the supreme leader". The title is therefore usually compared and considered equivalent to other titles of ethno-political leadership used at the time such as
313:
Because it was used by the fascist regime, the title (which had originally meant "head" or "chief" but was rarely used before the 1930s) is never used today in its original sense as it became synonymous with PaveliÄ and took on negative connotations after
687:, in which he told them that the question of Dalmatia, 'a land that could never be Italianized', was an obstacle against any reconciliation with the Croats. Never, he declared, would he agree to be a king of a nation amputated from Italy.
412:
region, and is therefore referred to in sources as king designate. However, other sources refer to him as King
Tomislav II and the nominal head of the NDH during its first two years (1941ā1943). After the dismissal of
17:
432:
was officially appointed Prime
Minister of NDH. Thus, from September 1943 until the state's dissolution on 8 May 1945, the title can be taken to mean Head of State.
296:, which can be loosely translated as 'first and foremost' or 'respectable, noble, honorable'. The adjective is in turn a compound of the Croatian prefix
759:
84:
706:
665:
Rodogno, Davide; Fascism's
European empire: Italian occupation during the Second World War; p.95; Cambridge University Press, 2006
337:
Ante PaveliÄ first began using the title of "Poglavnik" when it was prescribed as the official title for the supreme leader of the
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764:
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PaveliÄ during his post-war exile until his death in Madrid in 1959, and has become synonymous with him ever since.
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160:
804:
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404:) as a head of state, though he never ruled there. Later, he refused to assume the kingship in protest of the
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65:
789:
680:
397:
362:
226:
547:"1941 Resolutions of El-Hidaje in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a Case of Traditional Conflict Transformation"
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774:
240:
794:
405:
202:
91:
726:
719:
425:
358:
779:
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Devoid of political experience and ignorant of the
Italian government's exact intentions, he
386:). As a result, "Poglavnik" is sometimes translated as "FĆ¼hrer" in English-language sources.
351:
301:
608:
814:
8:
418:
103:
730:
666:
557:
445:
322:
784:
684:
604:
379:
46:
449:
429:
279:
799:
565:
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260:
165:
214:
73:
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in
September 1943, PaveliÄ took on the role equivalent to head of state, while
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264:
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Hrvatski Narod (newspaper)16.05.1941. no. 93. p.1.,Public proclamation of the
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326:
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465:
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The duke agreed to accept the throne and became King
Tomislav II of Croatia
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Die Krone
Zvonimirs, Monatshefte fur Auswartige Politik, Heft 6(1941)p.434.
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315:
244:
236:
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108:
329:) and "poglavica" (translated as "chief", in the sense of tribal leader).
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on 25 July 1943, Aimone abdicated on 31 July as king on the orders of
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The word was first recorded in a 16th-century dictionary compiled by
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371:
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222:
118:
585:(Decrees on the crown of Zvonimir), tri Älanka donesena 15.05.1941.
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are "poglavar" (translated as "head of state" or "chief", used for
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182:
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218:
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Europe and war in the Balkans: toward a new Yugoslav identity
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Other etymologically closely related words used in modern
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Hitler's new disorder: the Second World War in Yugoslavia
705:; p.289; Columbia University Press, 2008 0-231-70050-4
679:
refused to leave for Croatia, saying so in letters to
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As a political title, it is strongly associated with
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554:European Journal of Economic and Political Studies
361:and the establishment of the puppet state called
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365:(commonly referred to by its Croatian-language
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191:
85:Government of the Independent State of Croatia
52:
35:
655:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 252ā56.
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18:Poglavnik of the Independent State of Croatia
452:, the first President of modern-day Croatia
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396:the country's Prime Minister. It embodied
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350:at the time when Croatia was part of the
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760:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
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493:
491:
292:the word comes from the adjective form
14:
752:
650:
629:
254:
225:in 1929 and served as dictator of the
716:
644:
597:
583:Zakonska odredba o kruni Zvonimirovoj
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201:
488:
538:
498:http://www.hrcak.srce.hr/file/95656
176:, published in 1595, mentions word
40:of the Independent State of Croatia
24:
603:
512:
210:word meaning "leader" or "guide".
25:
826:
378:, which was itself modeled after
186:word (5th from top in 4th column)
289:Croatian Encyclopedic Dictionary
45:
710:
695:
659:
770:Titles held only by one person
545:Cetin, Onder (February 2010).
426:Italy's exit from World War II
286:(Croatian Dictionary) and the
174:Dictionarium quinque linguarum
13:
1:
481:
765:Independent State of Croatia
717:Rezun, Miron (30 May 1995).
653:Independent State of Croatia
398:Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta
363:Independent State of Croatia
227:Independent State of Croatia
7:
725:. Greenwood Press. p.
439:
10:
831:
333:Political role and context
221:organization known as the
78:10 April 1941 ā 8 May 1945
27:Title used by Ante PaveliÄ
346:nation-state by means of
284:RjeÄnik hrvatskoga jezika
251:, between 1941 and 1945.
150:
124:
114:
102:
90:
83:
61:
44:
34:
651:Lemkin, Raphael (2008).
636:Avramov, Smilja (1995).
241:Axis occupied Yugoslavia
701:Pavlowitch, Stevan K.;
524:Hrvatski jeziÄni portal
805:Positions of authority
638:Genocide in Yugoslavia
609:"Royal House of Italy"
359:invasion of Yugoslavia
243:by the authorities of
239:built out of parts of
192:
187:
53:
36:
613:European royal houses
352:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
203:[pĒÉ”laĖŹniĖk]
163:
790:Heads of government
419:Victor Emmanuel III
357:Following the 1941
255:Etymology and usage
503:2016-10-23 at the
448:- A title used by
406:Italian annexation
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109:Poglavnik's Palace
605:Sainty, Guy Stair
402:named Tomislav II
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71:Only officeholder
16:(Redirected from
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810:Nazi terminology
775:Authoritarianism
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685:Benito Mussolini
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564:. Archived from
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380:Benito Mussolini
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348:armed struggle
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327:heads of state
265:Serbo-Croatian
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217:, head of the
208:Serbo-Croatian
164:Dictionary of
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278:According to
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267:term for the
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249:Fascist Italy
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183:"Dalmatinian"
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528:. Retrieved
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376:Adolf Hitler
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316:World War II
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302:Proto-Slavic
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245:Nazi Germany
237:puppet state
231:World War II
215:Ante PaveliÄ
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74:Ante PaveliÄ
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29:
815:Connotation
520:"poglavnik"
754:Categories
736:027595238X
530:31 January
482:References
466:ConducÄtor
424:Following
367:initialism
199:pronounced
154:8 May 1945
562:664122357
415:Mussolini
382:'s title
374:(used by
305:word stem
193:Poglavnik
178:Poglavnik
151:Abolished
125:Formation
115:Appointer
104:Residence
54:Poglavnik
37:Poglavnik
501:Archived
471:Caudillo
446:Vrhovnik
440:See also
410:Dalmatia
393:de facto
344:Croatian
323:Croatian
310:'head'.
300:and the
294:poglavit
273:princeps
172:) named
133:de facto
785:Fascism
408:of the
234:fascist
219:fascist
206:) is a
143:de jure
800:Nazism
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560:
556:: 76.
456:FĆ¼hrer
372:FĆ¼hrer
339:UstaŔe
223:UstaŔe
119:UstaŔe
626:2007.
569:(PDF)
550:(PDF)
476:Vozhd
308:glava
271:word
269:Latin
263:as a
92:Style
731:ISBN
683:and
667:ISBN
558:OCLC
532:2011
461:Duce
384:Duce
247:and
229:, a
298:po-
282:'s
180:as
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