Polo - Knowledge

1455: 1803:

line of travel. This line traces the ball's path and extends past the ball along that trajectory. The line of the ball defines rules for players to approach the ball safely. The "line of the ball" changes each time the ball changes direction. The player who hits the ball generally has the right of way, and other players cannot cross the line of the ball in front of that player. As players approach the ball, they ride on either side of the line of the ball giving each access to the ball. A player can cross the line of the ball when it does not create a dangerous situation. Most infractions and penalties are related to players improperly crossing the line of the ball or the right of way. When a player has the line of the ball on their right, they have the right of way. A "ride-off" is when a player moves another player off the line of the ball by making shoulder-to-shoulder contact with the other players' horses.

1614:

2053:" inches long. The mallet head weighs from 160 g (5.6 oz) to 240 g (8.5 oz), depending on player preference and the type of wood used, and the shaft can vary in weight and flexibility depending on the player's preference. The weight of the mallet head is of important consideration for the more seasoned players. Female players often use lighter mallets than male players. For some polo players, the length of the mallet depends on the size of the horse: the taller the horse, the longer the mallet. However, some players prefer to use a single length of mallet regardless of the height of the horse. Either way, playing horses of differing heights requires some adjustment by the rider. Variable lengths of the mallet typically range from 127 cm (50 in) to 134 cm (53 in). The term 1279: 2306:. Nations that competed in the tournament were Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines (2007), Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand (2017) and Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, and Malaysia (2019). The 2007 tournament's gold medal was won by the Malaysian team, followed by Singapore with silver and Thailand with bronze while the 2017 tournament's gold medal was won by Malaysia, followed by Thailand with silver and Brunei with bronze. The 2019 tournament's gold medal was won by Malaysia, followed by the Philippines with silver, and Brunei receiving bronze. The recent resurgence in south-east Asia has resulted in its popularity in cities such as 2216: 1603: 1493: 1504: 654: 635: 2489: 521: 824: 513: 1088: 2338:

which approximately 15% are women. Historically, Kurdish and Persian Arabian horses were the most widely used for polo. This was probably also the case in ancient times. Today Thoroughbreds are being increasingly used alongside the Kurdish and Persian Arabian horses. Some players have also been experimenting with Anglo-Arabians. Iranians still refer to the game of polo by its original Persian name of "Chogan", which means mallet. Iranians still maintain some of the ancient rituals of the game in official polo matches.

1049: 1906: 1824: 960: 2354: 769: 1664:

There is a four-minute interval between chukkas and a ten-minute halftime. Play is continuous and is only stopped for rule infractions (fouls), broken tack (equipment) or injury to horse or player. The object is to score goals by hitting the ball between the goal posts, no matter how high in the air. If the ball goes wide of the goal, the defending team is allowed a free "knock-in" from the place where the ball crossed the goal line, thus getting ball back into play.

1633:. In a ride-off, a player rides their pony alongside an opponent's mount to move an opponent away from the ball or to take them out of a play. It must be executed properly so that it does not endanger the horses or the players. The angle of contact must be safe and can not knock the horses off balance, or harm the horses in any way. Two players following the line of the ball and riding one another off have the right of way over a single man coming from any direction. 1701: 4367:"Will Lowe, Secretary of the Denison Polo Club, wrote James Gordon Bennett asking him if arrangements could be made for a match game between the Denison and New York Clubs. Mr. Lowe received a letter from Mr. Bennett Monday, in which he says he will lay the matter before the club at the next meeting. There is little doubt the New York club will invite our boys to play them. The Denison club will go into training at once, as they are confident the game will come off. 2228:

The surface of a polo field requires careful and constant grounds maintenance to keep the surface in good playing condition. During half-time of a match, spectators are invited to go onto the field to participate in a polo tradition called "divot stamping", which was developed not only to help replace the mounds of earth (divots) that are torn up by the horses' hooves, but also to afford spectators the opportunity to walk about and socialise.

153: 2155: 1739: 47: 1868: 1271: 1644:, fouls are potentially dangerous plays that infringe on the rules of the game. To the novice spectator, fouls may be difficult to discern. There are degrees of dangerous and unfair play and penalty shots are awarded depending based on the severity of the foul and where the foul was committed on the polo field. White lines on the polo field indicate where the mid-field, sixty, forty, and thirty yard penalties are taken. 1895: 2276: 1680:, have active arena programmes. The major differences between the outdoor and indoor games are: speed (outdoor being faster), physicality/roughness (indoor/arena is more physical), ball size (indoor is larger), goal size (because the arena is smaller the goal is smaller), and some penalties. In the United States and Canada, collegiate polo is arena polo; in the United Kingdom, collegiate polo is both. 1887: 4365:"At Denison Monday evening while Messers Harold Gooch and Will Lowe were practicing at the game of polo, quite a serious accident happened to former. Mr. Gooch's saddle turned throwing him into the ground when his horse gave him a severe kick, cutting a gash about five inches long across his head over the right ear. Dr. Berry rendered the necessary medical attention, and Mr. Gooch is doing well. 1596:, polo changed to become a high-speed sport in the United States, differing from the game in England, where it involved short passes to move the ball towards the opposition's goal. Whitney and his teammates used the fast break, sending long passes downfield to riders who had broken away from the pack at a full gallop. In 1909 a United States team defeated an English team with ease. 1478:. Even with the global spread of the sport Argentina has remained the largest producer of the highest quality horses and players. The country's fertile farmland around Buenos Aires and its long standing tradition of polo has made Argentina the center of the polo world. Every major polo tournament in the world is filled with players and horses hailing from Argentina. 1068:(52 inches, 132 cm). There are no goal posts, and a player scores simply by hitting the ball out of either end of the field. Players strike the ball with the long side of the mallet head, not the end. Players are not permitted to carry the ball, although blocking the ball with any part of the body except the open hand is permitted. The sticks are made of 2314:. In Pattaya alone, there are three active polo clubs: Polo Escape, Siam Polo Park, and the Thai Polo and Equestrian Club. Indonesia has a polo club (Nusantara Polo Club). More recently, Janek Gazecki and Australian professional Jack "Ruki" Baillieu have organised polo matches in parks "around metropolitan Australia, backed by wealthy sponsors." 2043:(not bamboo, which is hollow) although a small number of mallets today are made from composite materials. Composite materials are usually not preferred by top players because the shaft of composite mallets cannot absorb vibrations as well as traditional cane mallets. The mallet head is generally made from a hardwood called tipa, approximately 9 2518:

Another modern variant is snow polo, which is played on compacted snow on flat ground or a frozen lake. The format of snow polo varies depending on the space available. Each team generally consists of three players and a bright coloured light plastic ball is preferred. Snow polo is not the same sport

2247:

Polo is played professionally in many countries, notably Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Dominican Republic, France, Germany, Iran, India, New Zealand, Mexico, Pakistan, Jamaica, Spain, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and is now an active sport in 77

2227:

or nine American football fields 10 acres (4.0 hectares), while arena polo is 315 by 151 feet (96 by 46 m). The playing field is carefully maintained with closely mowed turf providing a safe, fast playing surface. Goals are posts which are set eight yards apart, centred at each end of the field.

1854:

Polo pony training generally begins at age 3 and lasts from about 6 months to 2 years. Most horses reach full physical maturity at about age 5, and ponies are at their peak of athleticism and training at around age 6 or 7. However, without any accidents, polo ponies may have the ability to play until

1617:

The defending player has a variety of opportunities for their team to gain possession of the ball. They can push the opponent off the line or steal the ball from the opponent. Another common defensive play is called "hooking." While a player is taking a swing at the ball, their opponent can block the

1858:

Each player must have more than one horse, to allow for tired mounts to be replaced by fresh ones between or even during chukkas. A player's "string" of polo ponies may number two or three in Low Goal matches (with ponies being rested for at least a chukka before reuse), four or more for Medium Goal

1802:

The rules of polo are written to include the safety of both players and horses. Games are monitored by umpires. A whistle is blown when an infraction occurs, and penalties are awarded. Strategic plays in polo are based on the "line of the ball", an imaginary line that extends through the ball in the

1613:

3393:

A part of the identity and culture of the people of Iran has been preserved in the framework of native and local games. In Iran land, many local and diverse sports are performed in various ceremonies. Among these games that have gained a national aspect in Iranian culture is the game of polo, which

2026:

It must be not less than 12.5 inches (32 cm) or more than 15 inches (38 cm) in circumference. The weight must be not less than 170 grams (6.0 oz) or more than 182 grams (6.4 oz). In a bounce test from 9 feet (2.7 m) on concrete at 70 °F (21 °C), the rebound should

2337:

Polo in Iran is governed by the Polo Federation of Iran. There are five polo clubs in Iran: Ghasr-e Firoozeh, Nowroozabad, Army Ground Forces, Kanoon-e Chogan and Nesf-e Jahan. Iran possesses some of the best grass polo fields in the region. The country currently has over 100 registered players of

1675:

has rules similar to the field version, and is less strenuous for the player. It is played in a 300 by 150 feet (91 by 46 m) enclosed arena, much like those used for other equestrian sports; the minimum size is 150 by 75 feet (46 by 23 m). There are many arena clubs in the United States,

1234:

This version of polo played in the 19th century was different from the faster form that was played in Manipur. The game was slow and methodical, with little passing between players and few set plays that required specific movements by participants without the ball. Neither players nor horses were

1687:

The U.S. Arena Polo Championship, a 12-18 goal tournament, is one of the highest levels of fast version of polo competition currently played in the United States. Its history dates back to 1926, where the first tournament was held and won by the Yale University team of Reddington Barret, Winston

1663:

Outdoor or field polo lasts about one and a half to two hours and consists of four to eight seven-minute chukkas, between or during which players change mounts. At the end of each seven-minute chukka, play continues for an additional 30 seconds or until a stoppage in play, whichever comes first.

2720:, the toy, instead of polo ponies. While following standard polo rules in part, it has some more unusual rules: Goals, for example, are the height and width of bar stools; and any departure from accepted gameplay standards will attract "penalty sherries" to be consumed by the offending player. 1843:, and weigh 900 to 1,100 pounds (410 to 500 kg). The polo pony is selected carefully for quick bursts of speed, stamina, agility and manoeuvrability. Temperament is critical; the horse must remain responsive under pressure and not become excited or difficult to control. Many are 2137:. In both cases, the gag or shank rein will be the bottom rein in the rider's hands, while the snaffle rein will be the top rein. If a gag bit is used, there will be a drop noseband in addition to the cavesson, supporting the tie-down. One of the rein sets may alternately be 2237: 2404:. Since then the sport has continued to grow with a further seven clubs opening around the country. The sport has also been made more accessible by these clubs by the creation of more affordable training programmes, such as the beginner to pro programme at Polo Wicklow. 690:

Baghdad had a large polo ground outside its walls, and one of the city's early 13th century gates, the Bab al Halba, was named after these nearby polo grounds. The game continued to be supported by Mongol rulers of Persia in the 13th century, as well as under the

1618:

swing by using their mallet to hook the mallet of the player swinging at the ball. A player may hook only if they are on the side where the swing is being made or directly behind an opponent. A player may not purposely touch another player, another player's

1851:, and to respond to the rider's leg and weight cues for moving forward, turning and stopping. A well trained horse will carry its rider smoothly and swiftly to the ball and can account for 60 to 75 percent of the player's skill and net worth to their team. 1573:

had a polo club which was before James Gordon Bennett established his Westchester Club or attempted to play the "first" game. The Denison team sent a letter to James Gordon Bennett challenging him to a match. The challenge was published 2 June 1876, in

1306:

started practising polo during their free time, and eventually some of them began to put together games. Among them, David Shennan is credited with having organised the first formal polo game of the country in 1875, at Estancia El Negrete, located in

1589:, at retired British officer Captain Glynn Turquand's famous Balcones Ranch. The Boerne, Texas, legend also has plenty of evidence pointing to the fact that polo was played in Boerne before James Gordon Bennett Jr. ever picked up a polo mallet. 2879:

It can be safely assumed that polo began as a simple folk game played by the nomadic tribes in central Asia (before turks) . Westward and eastward expansion followed, to Byzantium and China, most likely along the trail of the Silk

2117:

from below the knee to the fetlock to minimize pain. Jumping (open front) or gallop boots are sometimes used along with the polo wraps for added protection. Often, these wraps match the team colours. The pony's mane is most often

4997: 1920:

Mandatory equipment includes a protective helmet with chinstrap worn at all times by all players and mounted grooms. They have a rigid exterior and interior protective padding and must be to a locally accepted safety standard,

403:), dating back over 2,000 years. Initially played by Persian nobility as a training exercise for cavalry units, polo eventually spread to other parts of the world. The game is played by two opposing teams with the objective of 495:, and often indoors. Arena polo has more maneuvering due to space limitations, and uses an air-inflated ball slightly larger than the hard solid ball used in field polo. Standard mallets are used, though slightly larger-head 1695:

The Arena Polo European Championship. The first tournament of this championship was held in 2015. Alongside the Equestrian Federation of Azerbaijan Republic (ARAF) the tournament was organized by the team of World

2317:

A Chinese Equestrian Association has been formed with two new clubs in China itself: the Beijing Sunny Time Polo Club, founded by Xia Yang in 2004 and the Nine Dragons Hill Polo Club in Shanghai, founded in 2005.

1691:

The Arena Polo Grand Prix held in Argentina, promoted by La Carona Polo Club along with the Argentine Polo Association, was organized for the first time in June 2019, and was the start for the Arena Polo in

807:

were known to play it and encourage it in their courts. Saladin was known for being a skilled polo player, which contributed to his cavalry training. Polo sticks were featured as one of the suits on the

1622:, or a pony with their mallet. Unsafe hooking is a foul that will result in a penalty shot being awarded. For example, it is a foul for a player to reach over an opponent's mount in an attempt to hook. 5404: 2695: 2400:

Polo first began its Irish history in 1870 with the first official game played on Gormanstown Strand, Co. Meath. Three years later the All Ireland Polo Club was founded by Mr. Horace Rochford in the

2287:

Polo has been played in Malaysia and Singapore, both of which are former British colonies, since being introduced to Malaya during the late 19th century. Royal Johor Polo Club was formed in 1884 and

4261: 1599:

In the late 1950s, champion polo player and Director of the Long Island Polo Association, Walter Scanlon, introduced the "short form", or "European" style, four period match, to the game of polo.

948:, referring to the wooden ball, and it was these terms, anglicised, which were adopted for the sport's name in its slow spread to the west. A European polo club was established in the town of 1219:. Military officers imported the game to Britain in the 1860s. The establishment of polo clubs throughout England and western Europe followed after the formal codification of rules. The 10th 911:, the popularity of polo in Tang China was "bolstered, no doubt, by the presence of the Sasanian court in exile". A "polo-obsessed" noblewoman was buried with her donkeys on 6 October 878 in 4097: 4992: 2847: 2291:

was formed in 1886. The oldest polo club in the modern country of Malaysia is Selangor Polo Club, founded in 1902. It was largely played by royalty and the political and business elite.

2436:. There are more than twenty-one polo clubs in Pakistan and over forty polo championships held all over the country every year. Pakistan has qualified for the preliminary rounds of the 5501: 1875:

Polo is played by two teams of four mounted players. Teams can be all-male, all-female, or mixed. Each player on the team has a specific number and has a specific role on the team.

1647:

The official set of rules and rules interpretations are reviewed and published annually by each country's polo association. Most of the smaller associations follow the rules of the

1578:. By the time the article came out on 2 June, the Denison Club had already received a letter from Bennett indicating the challenge was offered before the "first" games in New York. 2097:. Some players will not use a saddle blanket. The saddle has a flat seat and no knee support; the rider adopting a forward-leaning seat and closed knees dissimilar to a classical 2078: 3882: 2027:

be a minimum of 54 inches (140 cm) and a maximum of 64 inches (160 cm) at the inflation rate specified by the manufacturer. This provides for a hard and lively ball.

4070: 3711: 1721: 4344: 3108: 2113:

irons are heavier than most, and the stirrup leathers are wider and thicker, for added safety when the player stands in the stirrups. The legs of the pony are wrapped with

1211:, was established by two British soldiers, Sherer and Captain Robert Stewart. Later they spread the game to their peers in England. Polo was first played in England by the 1932:

Polo boots and knee guards are mandatory in the UK during official play, and boots are recommended for all play everywhere. The UK also recommends goggles, elbow pads and

2039:

consists of a cane shaft with a rubber-wrapped grip, a webbed thong, called a sling, for wrapping around the thumb, and a wooden cigar-shaped head. The shaft is made of

4639: 2500:

These variants are considered sports separate from standard polo because of the differences in the composition of teams, equipment, rules, game facilities, and so on.

5323: 2464:, dating from 1875, which amalgamated with the County Polo Association in 1949. The UK Armed Forces Polo Association oversees the sport in the three armed services. 4542: 1454: 6369: 4127: 2975: 5396: 5235: 2646:

was a motorsport invented in the United States in the early 1900s. Its rules and equipment were similar to polo but automobiles were used instead of horses.

4297: 5209: 2716:

was founded in 2002 to organise matches and promote the game. Since then, the variant has gained further interest in other German cities. It is played on

4272: 4179: 1389:

The game spread across the country, and Argentina is often credited as the capital of polo; Argentina is also noted for having the largest contingent of

4948: 2828: 4513: 3406: 2109:

must be used: so, a breastplate is a necessity for safety. The tie-down is usually supported by a neck strap. Many saddles also have an overgirth. The

4239: 1560:

the "first" outdoor game was played on 13 May 1876. This contradicts the historical record of the club being established before the Jerome Park game.

2346:

The world's oldest polo club is the Calcutta Polo Club in Kolkata, founded in the 19th century. It hosts the Ezra Cup, the oldest polo tournament.

1799:

All tournaments and levels of play and players are organized within and between polo clubs, including membership, rules, safety, fields and arenas.

4379: 4093: 2569:

is a game played on horseback where a ball is handled and points are scored by shooting it through a high net. The sport is a combination of polo,

2267:

Polo is unique among team sports in that amateur players, often the team patrons, routinely hire and play alongside the sport's top professionals.

5494:"Steckenpferdpolo: Trendsportart in Düsseldorf im Rheinpark – Trendsportart Steckenpferdpolo: Ich glaub', mein Gaul holzt, Spiegel September 2014" 1258:

format of cricket. The pitch was made smaller and accommodated a large audience. The first event of the World Champions Polo League took place in

1188:. Lieutenant (later Major General) Joseph Ford Sherer, the father of modern polo, visited the state and played on this polo ground in the 1850s. 5695: 4742: 2844: 1101:

In Manipur, the game was played even by commoners who owned a pony. The kings of Manipur had a royal polo ground within the ramparts of their

5291: 3948: 2917:

In all probability polo developed from rough equestrian games played by the mounted nomadic peoples of Central Asia, both Iranian and Turkic.

2759: 3781: 5339: 4802: 4659: 4438: 2618: 5493: 1404:, Alfredo Harriot and Horacio Heguy); La Espadaña, 1989–1990 (Carlos Gracida, Gonzalo Pieres, Alfonso Pieres y Ernesto Trotz Jr.); Indios 5655: 4205: 1390: 1215:

in 1869. The British are credited with spreading polo worldwide in the late 19th century and the early 20th century at the height of its

4018: 3218: 1939:

White polo pants or trousers are worn during official play. Polo gloves are commonly worn to protect from working the reins and mallet.

4722: 5071: 3889: 3008: 4623: 4062: 3687: 2477: 1017:, the polo-playing god of sports. These may indicate an origin earlier than the historical records of Manipur. Later, according to 5179: 4836: 4355: 3533: 3100: 1917:

The rules for equipment vary in details between the hosting authorities, but are always for the safety of the players and mounts.

5821: 5269: 4564: 2980: 614: 5561: 5157: 4896: 3734: 3039: 2303: 2299: 2295: 1936:. A shirt or jersey is required that distinguishes the player's team, and is not black and white stripes like an umpire shirt. 817: 4874: 1196:

visited the state in 1901 and measured the polo ground as "225 yards long and 110 yards wide" (206 m × 101 m).

6416: 5437: 3852: 3819: 3598: 3513: 3191: 2989: 2910: 4648: 3914: 3858: 1362:, G. Brooke Naylor and A. Peña achieved the first gold medal in the nation's Olympic history. The title was defended at the 5574:

Fouls of any kind will be punished with a penalty sherry ... If you don't like to drink alcohol, you will face a delicious

5320: 4038: 3077: 1262:, Gujarat, with six teams and room for 10,000 spectators. The rules were changed and the duration of matches made shorter. 5097: 3420: 2476:(USPA) is the governing body for polo in the U.S. The U.S. is the only country that has separate women's polo, run by the 6431: 4157: 4033: 1958:, hard rubber, and for many years willow root. Originally the British used a white painted leather covered cricket ball. 1677: 2606:

Polo is not played exclusively on horseback. Such polo variants are mostly played for recreational or tourism purposes.

3825: 3483: 3455: 3349: 608:), becoming a national sport played extensively by the nobility. Women played as well as men. During the period of the 4535: 5699: 5607: 5447: 4786: 4119: 3775: 3641: 2202: 1786: 888:, was accidentally killed during a game of polo when his horse fell and he was impaled on the pommel of his saddle. 130: 4619:

2022 USPA Rulebook: Organizational documents, rules, tournament conditions and policies of the U.S. Polo Association

4411: 3970: 2945: 2184: 1768: 1517:

on 16 May 1876 organised what was billed as the first polo match in the United States at Dickel's Riding Academy at

5811: 5231: 3565: 3324: 2327: 2257: 1705: 1444: 466: 169: 111: 5123: 3271: 2326:

Polo is not widely spread in West Asia, but still counts five active clubs in Iran, four active polo clubs in the

1602: 6426: 5648: 5531: 2253: 1060:

In Manipur, polo is traditionally played with seven players to a side. The players are mounted on the indigenous

83: 5049: 4601: 4482: 4308: 5205: 3674: 3662: 2653: 2473: 2180: 1764: 1652: 1487: 733: 68: 4183: 1278: 419:. Each team has four mounted riders, and the game usually lasts one to two hours, divided into periods called 5796: 5262:

The level of polo I have already played far exceeds any dreams I had when I started out' [Interview]"

4536:"Polo Players. Each team consists of four mounted players, which can be mixed teams of both men and women..." 3471: 2825: 745: 5471: 4706: 4505: 90: 4231: 2545:

is arguably a version of polo as well, though it can also be seen as the precursor of modern outdoor polo.

1818: 1626: 1538: 5420: 2587:

for centuries, but is very different from modern polo. No mallets are used, and it is not played on grass.

1235:

trained to play a fast, non-stop game. This form of polo lacked the aggressive methods and required fewer

845:

The game spread to South Asia where it has had a strong presence in the northwestern areas of present-day

6270: 5816: 5801: 4922: 2461: 2249: 1648: 1335: 1228: 1025:, a royal chronicle of King Kangba, who ruled Manipur much earlier than Nongda Lairen Pakhangba (33 474: 434: 17: 4386: 5641: 5373: 3560: 1339: 2424:

is an international event attended by enthusiasts from all over the world. The Shandur polo ground at

465:

or other elite troops. It is now popular around the world, with well over 100 member countries in the

97: 6421: 6385: 5806: 5664: 5023: 3140: 2433: 1713: 1475: 1231:, which drew up the first set of formal British rules in 1874, many of which are still in existence. 904: 4751: 2515:, played almost exclusively in the western United States by teams of five riders on a dirt surface. 2496:. The museum also displays a "night polo ball" with a rotating platform on which a candle is placed. 1835:

is purely traditional and the mount is actually a full-sized horse. They range from 14.2 to 16

1227:, Hants, introduced polo to England in 1834. The game's governing body in the United Kingdom is the 6329: 2165: 1950:

The modern outdoor polo ball is made of a high-impact plastic. Historically they have been made of

1749: 1526: 1514: 929: 246: 5299: 4328:... Denison has a Polo Club; also counterfeit metal dimes, base ball players and lightning rod men 3944: 2069:. The ball is struck with the broad sides of the mallet head rather than its round and flat tips. 1405: 1327: 6152: 3765: 3145: 2764: 2449: 2437: 2389: 2261: 2215: 2169: 1753: 1563:

There is ample evidence that the first to play polo in America were actually the English Texans.

1518: 1338:. In 1892 The River Plate Polo Association was founded and constituted the basis for the current 1286:

Polo was brought to many parts of the Americas, but in Argentina, it took off like nowhere else.

1041:

on horseback'). Further regular playing of this game commenced in 1605, during the reign of King

484: 79: 57: 5347: 4811: 4668: 4449: 1425: 6390: 5859: 5595: 1492: 1351: 881: 858: 780: 492: 4209: 2900: 2428:

is the world's highest, at approximately 3,734 metres (12,251 ft). The governing body of

2006:

Plastic balls were introduced in the 1970s. They are less prone to breakage and much cheaper.

1443:

The three major polo tournaments in Argentina, known as "Triple Corona" ("Triple Crown"), are

6240: 5951: 5936: 5849: 4262:"Polo in America has Advanced: H.L. Herbert Tells of the Game from Its Start in This Country" 3400: 3210: 3153: 2413: 2176: 1760: 1717: 1553: 1534: 1530: 1508: 1308: 612:(247 BC to AD 224), the sport had great patronage under the kings and noblemen. According to 164: 64: 35: 6354: 6334: 6303: 4731: 2749: 2365: 2241: 1709: 1409: 1401: 1363: 1331: 1323: 809: 696: 638: 438: 5075: 3016: 622:(224–651). It was also part of the royal education for the Sasanian ruling class. Emperor 8: 6436: 6288: 6250: 6210: 6005: 5758: 4617: 4003: 2493: 2288: 2223:

The playing field is 300 by 160 yards (274 by 146 m), the area of approximately six

2106: 1593: 1497: 1448: 1396:

Five teams were able to gather four 10 handicap players each, to make 40 handicap teams:

1291: 754: 653: 5616: 1859:

matches (at least one per chukka), and even more for the highest levels of competition.

634: 6308: 6255: 6200: 5916: 5870: 5554:"Spielfeld, Regeln und so – Polo ist unser Steckenpferd, Steckenpferdpolo unser Leben!" 5183: 4844: 3703: 3316: 3263: 3180: 2102: 1565: 1549: 1503: 1433: 1299: 1208: 1020: 833: 470: 5257: 4568: 3529: 1371: 6215: 6136: 6000: 5911: 5854: 5622: 5603: 5443: 4975: 4782: 3848: 3815: 3771: 3707: 3670: 3658: 3637: 3594: 3509: 3499: 3479: 3451: 3384: 3345: 3308: 3255: 3187: 2985: 2906: 2717: 2445: 2441: 1942:

Not permitted is any equipment that may harm horses, such as certain spurs or whips.

1437: 823: 525: 5553: 5149: 4008: 3742: 3047: 1397: 1087: 956:, India, in 1859, the English tea planters having learnt it from Manipuri incomers. 520: 6265: 6260: 6205: 6106: 6056: 6051: 6025: 6020: 5995: 5738: 5733: 4949:"Men's water polo: Indonesians win SEA Games gold, break Singapore's 54-year reign" 4866: 3695: 3376: 3300: 3247: 2800: 2792: 2690: 2488: 2429: 2421: 1417: 1375: 1287: 1193: 866: 788: 708: 565: 512: 376: 294: 208: 3380: 2542: 1651:, the national governing body of the sport of polo in the United Kingdom, and the 933: 104: 6359: 6293: 6162: 6121: 6096: 6091: 6046: 5981: 5763: 5424: 5327: 3922: 3842: 3588: 3503: 2851: 2832: 2699: 2597:

and is also played on horseback. It was developed in Australia in the late 1930s.

2122:, and its tail is docked or braided so that it will not snag the rider's mallet. 2062: 1955: 1625:

The other basic defensive play is called the bump or ride-off. It's similar to a

1463: 1421: 1413: 1408:, 1992–1993 (Bautista Heguy, Gonzalo Heguy, Horacio Heguy Jr. and Marcos Heguy); 1295: 996: 885: 838: 704: 619: 609: 577: 533: 450: 430: 236: 232: 4900: 3134: 3069: 2511:, played in many countries between teams of three riders on a sand surface, and 6030: 5926: 5786: 5101: 4332:... This section was visited by the hardest storm of the season Thursday night. 4047: 3424: 3289:"A Tale of Two Games: "Cirit, Buzkashi" and the Horsemen of the Asiatic Steppe" 2667: 2570: 2556: 2224: 2090: 1570: 1471: 1467: 1429: 1383: 1367: 1240: 1216: 1048: 1012: 953: 877: 714: 669: 590:, is still played in parts of Central Asia. It was developed and formalised in 555: 454: 446: 442: 4428:

Newspaper article from the 1950s – the actual article uploaded on Wiki commons

4149: 1905: 6411: 6405: 6349: 6111: 6081: 6015: 5906: 5677: 4324:

Mr Lane, living near Denison, has 25-acres of wheat headed up and nearly ripe

4013: 3388: 3368: 3312: 3259: 2769: 2754: 2624: 2560: 2548:

Variants that are related but clearly diverge from the polo format include:

2452:

team in the Royal Salute Coronation Cup, both of which were won by his team.

2385: 2094: 2009:

The indoor and arena polo ball is leather-covered and inflated, and is about

1847:

or Thoroughbred crosses. They are trained to be handled with one hand on the

1844: 1823: 1586: 1343: 1319: 1236: 1175: 1061: 988: 980: 813: 673: 488: 457:, where the sport evolved and developed, it was at first a training game for 357: 307: 3807: 3699: 3394:

has been passed down from one generation to the next and continues to exist.

2256:

recognised it as a sport with a bona fide international governing body, the

959: 903:, where it was played by women, who had to wear a male dress to do so; many 6364: 6339: 6298: 6179: 6126: 6071: 6061: 6010: 5966: 5956: 5941: 5890: 5773: 5753: 5717: 3304: 2796: 2425: 2401: 2119: 1582: 1522: 1359: 1212: 1081: 1069: 974: 967:

The origins of the game in Manipur are traced to yet earlier precursors of

928:

The modern, international, game of polo is derived from the form played in

896: 772: 595: 591: 537: 416: 404: 212: 189: 30:

This article is about the sport played on horseback. For the clothing, see

6076: 768: 576:

Many scholars suggest it most likely began as a simple game played by the

487:

variant with similar rules, and is played with three riders per team. The

6344: 6235: 6225: 6131: 6066: 5961: 5921: 5844: 5781: 5072:"Polo & Riding – Life in Jordan | The Royal Jordanian Polo Club" 4415: 4043: 3978: 3614:

Pollett, Andrea (2002). "Tûmân, or the 10,000 Cups of the Mamlûk Cards".

2937: 2682: 2552: 2512: 2417: 2126: 2036: 1898: 1836: 1700: 1556:. Herbert stated in a 1913 article that they formed the Westchester Club 1462:

Polo has found popularity throughout the rest of the Americas, including

1379: 1355: 1200: 1189: 1102: 1065: 1004: 973:. This was one of three forms of hockey in Manipur, the other ones being 900: 677: 462: 388: 3555: 3320: 3288: 2353: 6245: 6189: 6101: 5885: 5684: 5626: 5127: 4022:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 11. 3369:"The culture of polo players; Analyzing polo game among Iranian people" 3267: 3235: 2659: 2649: 2590: 2574: 2534: 2524: 2508: 2504: 2138: 2134: 2114: 2058: 1933: 1672: 1641: 1630: 1619: 1347: 480: 392: 315: 203: 31: 5523: 2523:, which was popular in the US in the late 1890s. That sport resembled 2125:

Polo is ridden with double reins for greater accuracy of signals. The

1178:. The history of this polo ground is contained in the royal chronicle 1076:. Players protected their legs by attaching leather shields to their 1001:, the winged-pony god of polo and the creation-ritual episodes of the 618:, the Persian ball game was an important pastime in the court of the 6324: 6230: 6220: 5990: 5971: 5743: 5617:

Santiago Novillo-Astrada; Raphael De Oliveira; Uwe Seebacher (2009).

5045: 4593: 4474: 4232:"Polo In The United States And The Ascension Of The Polo Giant: USPA" 3508:. New York City and Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2643: 2584: 2566: 2444:

is the highest capped played in the Asian circuit. He has played for

2280: 1812: 1542: 1259: 1224: 912: 892: 862: 829: 720: 712: 623: 544:

The game is originally invented by Iranians and its Persian name is "

384: 380: 325: 311: 5633: 4804:

Rules and Rule Interpretations of the United States Polo Association

4661:

Rules and Rule Interpretations of the United States Polo Association

3841:

Carril, Justo del (1 November 2013). "Introduction: The equipment".

3251: 2154: 1738: 816:. Europeans transformed the polo stick suit into the "clubs" of the 676:

constructed a polo ground early in the 5th century, to Japan by the

152: 46: 6167: 6157: 5931: 5839: 5712: 5707: 3847:. Ayacucho, Buenos Aires, Argentina: Editorial Dunken. p. 13. 2739: 2713: 2676: 2663: 2630: 2594: 2538: 2520: 2098: 1592:

During the early part of the 20th century, under the leadership of

1255: 1042: 846: 725:, the Byzantine name for polo) was built by Emperor Theodosius II ( 662: 582: 228: 4810:. United States Polo Association. 2017. p. 64. Archived from 4698: 2531:

but died out entirely in favour of the Canadian ice hockey rules.

1867: 1318:, and several clubs opened in the following years in the towns of 1270: 1239:

skills. From the 1800s to the 1910s, a host of teams representing

775:

Chinese courtiers on horseback playing a game of polo, 706 AD

5946: 5748: 5463: 3688:"'Polo-obsessed' Chinese noblewoman buried with her donkey steed" 2729: 2311: 2307: 2219:

Relative sizes of an association football ground and a polo field

2130: 2110: 1910: 1894: 1840: 1220: 1207:

city in Assam. In 1862, the oldest polo club still in existence,

1204: 1174:

The oldest polo ground in the world is the Imphal Polo Ground in

949: 854: 804: 800: 784: 737: 700: 692: 687: 642: 599: 545: 458: 5369: 4647:, United States Polo Association, September 2018, archived from 1878:

Polo must be played right-handed to prevent head-on collisions.

1171:) were also played in a polo ground outside the current palace. 6174: 5864: 5417: 2804: 2744: 2275: 2086: 2040: 1951: 1637: 1315: 1303: 1251: 1203:, established in 1859, is located on Club Road in the heart of 1077: 1073: 1053: 850: 796: 792: 681: 658: 408: 396: 4926: 2077: 1961:

The regulation outdoor polo ball is 3 inches (7.6 cm) to

1886: 1149:), a polo ground just outside the Kangla. Weekly games called 943: 568: 6116: 6086: 5791: 3770:(1st ed.). Enfield, Middlesex, UK: Guinness Publishing. 2734: 2666:

instead of horses. A variant of cycle polo is also played on

2528: 2331: 1848: 1244: 1243:

dominated the international polo scene. The game had reached

5593: 3476:

Theodosius II: Rethinking the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity

2555:

uses rules similar to regular polo, but riders compete with

2236: 1831:

The mounts used are called 'polo ponies', although the term

1683:

Some of the most important arena polo tournaments held are:

429:

Polo has been called "the sport of kings", and has become a

5875: 4506:"What Horses Are Used For Polo? 4 Popular Polo Pony Breeds" 4007: 2580: 2330:, one club in Bahrain and The Royal Jordanian Polo Club in 1832: 1545:) was the site of the "first" American outdoor polo match. 1127:). Public games were held, as they still are today, at the 795:, their elites favoured it above all other sports. Notable 646: 540:, showing courtiers on horseback playing polo, 1546 CE 491:

is smaller, enclosed and usually of compacted sand or fine

441:. The progenitor of polo and its variants existed from the 400: 5019: 2252:

as an Olympic sport was limited to 1900–1939, in 1998 the

580:. An archaic variation of polo, regionally referred to as 2652:

is played around the world in kayaks and governed by the

2559:, usually in a smaller arena, using an inflatable rubber 1929:(US). A face guard is commonly integral with the helmet. 1274:

Luis Lacey, former captain of Argentine Polo Team in 1922

4094:"India's First Official Polo League Announced in Jaipur" 936:. Also in use in Manipur were the game's Tibetic names, 668:

Valuable for training cavalry, the game was played from

5124:"Polo Wicklow – Index – Polo in Ireland – Polo Wicklow" 1839:(58 to 64 inches, 147 to 163 cm) high at the 4667:. United States Polo Association. 2017. Archived from 2601: 1451:. Polo season usually lasts from October to December. 4120:"Polo in Argentina: Where Tradition Meets Excellence" 4091: 2902:

Evolution of Sport in Asian Society: Past and Present

2706:), was devised in 1998 in south western Germany. The 1585:

that the first game of polo in America was played in

1254:

in 2016. It is a new version of polo, similar to the

603: 549: 5439:

Bain's New York: The City in News Pictures 1900–1925

4475:"RULES OF THE GAME – United States Polo Association" 3478:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 4. 2679:(motorcycle polo) was invented in the United States. 2537:

shares a name with polo, but more closely resembles

1525:

in New York City. The historical record states that

1179: 1150: 1128: 1106: 1092: 1036: 1030: 1018: 1010: 1002: 994: 986: 978: 968: 5321:

Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II Museum: Night Polo Ball

3448:

Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire

2093:; although most polo saddles lack a flap under the 1704:Polo match between the United Kingdom and Spain at 937: 629: 559: 71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5038: 4991: 4979:. pp. Sunday magazine supplement (pp. 20–21). 4925:. Royal Malaysian Polo Association. Archived from 3888:. Federation of International Polo. Archived from 3179: 3133: 2105:is added, usually attached to the front billet. A 865:) since at least the 15th to the 16th centuries. 3636:, Published by Courier Dover Publications, 2004, 2935: 820:, as polo was little known to them at that time. 752:) died from exhaustion while playing and Emperor 626:learnt to play polo at age seven in 316 AD. 6403: 4448:. United States Polo Association. Archived from 3421:"Playing Polo in Historic Naqsh-e Jahan Square?" 2460:The governing body in the United Kingdom is the 1250:The World Champions Polo League was launched in 993:). Local rituals such as those connected to the 3182:Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries 2845:"Polo: the sport of kings that anyone can play" 707:. The game was also learnt by the neighbouring 222: 1st C. BCE – 7th C. 5558:Kurfürstlich-Kurpfälzischer Polo-Club Mannheim 4973:David, Ceri (23 November 2008). "Going Polo". 4172: 3593:. Islamic Texts Society. pp. 42, 50, 73. 3423:. Payvand.com. 29 October 2007. Archived from 3405:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 3186:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 25–27. 3132: 2803:region of Pakistan and in Indian-administered 2483: 2448:in the St. Moritz Snow Polo World Cup and the 1606:Director Walter Scanlon, Bethpage, Long Island 5649: 4730:, Hurlingham Polo Association, archived from 4641:United States Polo Association Rule Book 2018 3685: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3003: 3001: 2760:PIPA Polo Instructors and Players Association 2264:is held every three years by the Federation. 2089:are English-style, close contact, similar to 5575: 3177: 2899:Hong, Fan; Mangan, J. A (18 November 2005). 2707: 1975:inches (8.9 cm) in diameter and weighs 1708:, 1922. The English side was represented by 1314:The sport spread quickly among the skillful 649:, is the site of a medieval royal polo field 554:). The game's English name derives from the 532:("the Ball and the Polo-mallet") during the 5116: 4372: 3101:"The Economics of Polo, The Sport of Kings" 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2183:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1767:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1156: 1134: 1112: 1072:, and the balls are made from the roots of 5656: 5642: 4899:. Royal Selangor Polo Club. Archived from 4781:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 28. 4744:Hurlingham Polo Association Rule Book 2018 4092:Champions Polo League (17 December 2016). 3366: 3160: 2998: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2898: 2270: 765:) died from a fatal injury during a game. 151: 5435: 5429: 5394: 5346:. Watergate Bay Hotel Ltd. Archived from 4724:HPA Rules & Regulations for Polo 2022 4688: 4583: 4182:. blog.palosantohotel.com. Archived from 3998: 3996: 3735:"Manipur Polo: History of Polo in Imphal" 3657:, pp. 72–73, 1999, British Museum Press, 3590:Saladin: The Triumph of the Sunni Revival 3040:"Manipur Polo: History of Polo in Imphal" 2868: 2866: 2864: 2203:Learn how and when to remove this message 1827:Polo ponies waiting for the game to begin 1787:Learn how and when to remove this message 1676:and most major polo clubs, including the 362:Formerly (1900, 1908, 1920–1924 and 1936) 199: 131:Learn how and when to remove this message 5370:"Aspen World Snow Polo Official Website" 4622:, United States Polo Association, 2022, 3286: 2922: 2885: 2633:is played in Mongolia and western China. 2487: 2274: 2235: 2214: 2076: 1904: 1893: 1885: 1866: 1822: 1699: 1601: 1548:H. L. Herbert, James Gordon Bennett and 1502: 1491: 1453: 1277: 1269: 1086: 1047: 1045:under newly framed rules of the game. 958: 907:of female players survive. According to 822: 767: 652: 633: 519: 511: 507: 5486: 5172: 4776: 4046:. 22 April 1893. p. 2 – via 3883:"Rule F12 International Rules for Polo" 3732: 3613: 3498: 3339: 3037: 2981:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity 2960: 2872: 2826:"Preview: The Sport of Kings", CBS News 1716:whilst the Spanish were represented by 1667: 1533:on 6 May 1876, and on 13 May 1876, the 1009:festival enacting the life of his son, 909:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity 615:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity 14: 6404: 5524:"Was fehlt ...: ... lebende Poloponys" 5415:– via Port Douglas News Archive. 5238:from the original on 14 September 2022 5212:from the original on 14 September 2022 4130:from the original on 30 September 2023 3993: 3840: 3805: 3669:, pp. 49–50, 1981, Faber & Faber, 3536:from the original on 22 September 2020 3445: 3128: 3126: 2973: 2873:Laffaye, Horace A. (19 January 2010). 2861: 449:, as an equestrian game played by the 5663: 5637: 5564:from the original on 27 November 2022 5534:from the original on 27 November 2022 5474:from the original on 3 September 2022 5407:from the original on 27 November 2022 5150:"Polo match draws all the performers" 5052:from the original on 12 November 2020 4989: 4972: 4604:from the original on 28 November 2022 4503: 4180:"Polo Basics: Quick facts about Polo" 3763: 3586: 3470: 3327:from the original on 27 November 2022 3274:from the original on 27 November 2022 3233: 3221:from the original on 27 November 2022 3080:from the original on 18 December 2019 2948:from the original on 27 November 2020 2478:United States Women's Polo Federation 2231: 895:to China where it was popular in the 5376:from the original on 25 January 2012 5180:"Pakistan Tourism Department notice" 5064: 5026:from the original on 5 December 2020 5000:from the original on 12 January 2022 4626:from the original on 3 December 2022 4545:from the original on 11 January 2024 4039:Samoa Times and South Sea Advertiser 4002: 3828:from the original on 3 December 2022 3154:participating institution membership 3009:"The Mists of Time: Origins of Polo" 2348: 2279:Indonesia plays against Thailand in 2181:adding citations to reliable sources 2148: 1765:adding citations to reliable sources 1732: 1097:, the world's oldest polo playground 923: 391:and one of the world's oldest known 69:adding citations to reliable sources 40: 5272:from the original on 5 October 2022 4694:Hurlingham Polo Association rules: 4100:from the original on 11 August 2022 4073:from the original on 11 August 2022 4060: 3945:"The Pony Returns - Indian Express" 3123: 3098: 2984:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2612: 2602:Played on vehicles or other animals 1678:Santa Barbara Polo and Racquet Club 1344:Olympic Games held in Paris in 1924 24: 5587: 5442:. New York: Courier. p. 143. 5395:McKechnie, Steve (19 March 2013). 4594:"Sport of Polo: Rules of the Game" 4063:"Polo league to kick off in March" 3568:from the original on 30 April 2021 3505:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 3367:Mousavinia, Mehdi (26 June 2023). 3111:from the original on 9 August 2018 2936:Richard C. Latham (20 July 1998). 2467: 1400:, 1975, 1977–1979 (Alberto Heguy, 1393:players out of any other country. 1185: 1026: 703:was built as a polo field by King 223: 25: 6448: 5504:from the original on 4 March 2016 5160:from the original on 17 June 2019 5126:. polowicklow.com. Archived from 4709:from the original on 12 June 2023 4485:from the original on 12 July 2017 4385:. gracytravel.com. Archived from 4160:from the original on 10 June 2023 4061:Das, Deepika (19 December 2016). 3951:from the original on 28 July 2020 3861:from the original on 15 July 2023 3784:from the original on 22 July 2023 3714:from the original on 25 July 2022 3587:Azzam, Dr ‘Abd al-Raḥmān (2014). 3344:(1st ed.). New York: Knopf. 2455: 2023:inches (11 cm) in diameter. 1871:A girls' polo team, United States 1064:, which stands less than 13 5530:(in German). 28 September 2014. 5500:(in German). 27 September 2014. 5344:Polo on the Beach, Watergate Bay 5232:"Sports Calendar 2021-22 (POLO)" 5182:. tourism.gov.pk. Archived from 4990:Eimer, David (25 October 2008). 4877:from the original on 15 May 2021 4843:. 7 October 2015. Archived from 4567:. ryanpemblepolo. Archived from 4516:from the original on 6 July 2022 4242:from the original on 17 May 2021 3806:Carril, Justo del (March 2009). 3733:Stephen, J. K. (25 March 2007). 3038:Stephen, J. K. (25 March 2007). 2709:Erster Kurfürstlich-Kurpfälzisch 2685:originated in the United States. 2352: 2258:Federation of International Polo 2153: 1855:they are 18 to 20 years of age. 1737: 1481: 1282:Argentine Polo Open Championship 680:. The game also spread south to 630:Middle Ages and Early Modern era 467:Federation of International Polo 170:Federation of International Polo 45: 5546: 5516: 5456: 5388: 5362: 5332: 5314: 5284: 5250: 5224: 5198: 5142: 5090: 5012: 4983: 4966: 4941: 4915: 4889: 4859: 4829: 4795: 4770: 4557: 4528: 4497: 4467: 4431: 4422: 4404: 4380:"Gracy Travel – Balcones Ranch" 4337: 4290: 4254: 4224: 4198: 4142: 4112: 4085: 4054: 4026: 3963: 3937: 3907: 3875: 3796: 3757: 3726: 3686:Michael Price (16 March 2020). 3679: 3647: 3626: 3607: 3580: 3548: 3522: 3492: 3464: 3439: 3413: 3360: 3215:Asian Games: The Art of Contest 3200: 3092: 2905:. Routledge. pp. 309–311. 2782: 2609:Non-equine variations include: 2254:International Olympic Committee 1658: 985:) and wrestling-hockey (called 932:, India, where it was known as 871: 760: 727: 328:, mallet, ball, protective wear 56:needs additional citations for 4703:Hurlingham Polo Association UK 4598:United States Polo Association 4479:United States Polo Association 4208:. Polobarn.com. Archived from 3062: 3031: 2978:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). 2838: 2819: 2654:International Canoe Federation 2637: 2474:United States Polo Association 1806: 1653:United States Polo Association 1488:United States Polo Association 918: 891:Polo likely travelled via the 734:Great Palace of Constantinople 695:dynasty. In the 17th century, 336: 202: – 1st C. 13: 1: 4923:"History of Polo in Malaysia" 4504:Henry, Miles (3 March 2021). 4354:. 2 June 1876. Archived from 4271:. 19 May 1913. Archived from 4096:(Press release). PRNewswire. 4034:"Polo Tournament - The Final" 3634:Tennis: Origins and Mysteries 3381:10.22059/jis.2023.355152.1187 2813: 2593:is a combination of polo and 2492:An old polocart displayed at 2240:Polo played as a part of the 963:Manipuri polo players in 1875 218: 6417:Former Summer Olympic sports 5727:FEI disciplines, non-Olympic 5098:"All Ireland Polo Club news" 4345:"State News: Grayson County" 4307:. 2 May 1876. Archived from 4298:"State News: Grayson County" 3764:Singh, L.Joychandra (1991). 3500:Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich 3211:"Polo: The Emperor of Games" 2662:is a similar game played on 2321: 2144: 1881: 1819:Argentine polo (horse breed) 1569:reported on 2 May 1876 that 1340:Asociación Argentina de Polo 1302:immigrants in the Argentine 1265: 1180: 1151: 1129: 1107: 1093: 1037: 1031: 1019: 1011: 1003: 995: 987: 979: 969: 938: 880:slave who later founded the 721: 713: 560: 558:, from its word for 'ball', 473:in 16 countries, and was an 415:through the opposing team's 407:using a long-handled wooden 7: 6271:Western riding (horse show) 5817:List of horse racing venues 5436:Carlebach, Michael (2011). 5401:Newsport: Port Douglas News 5296:Hurlingham Polo Association 5046:"The Country Club, Bahrain" 4777:Laffaye, Horace A. (2004). 4206:"FIP World Cup VIII – 2007" 3667:T'ang Pottery and Porcelain 3450:. Penguin. pp. 50–51. 3383:(inactive 16 August 2024). 2877:. McFarland. pp. 5–6. 2723: 2484:Variants and related sports 2462:Hurlingham Polo Association 2407: 1890:Polo helmet with face guard 1649:Hurlingham Polo Association 1229:Hurlingham Polo Association 1091:Polo players of Manipur in 944: 791:dynasties of Egypt and the 604: 569: 550: 395:. It originated in ancient 245:Modern game originated in 10: 6453: 6432:Sports originating in Asia 6282:breed-specific disciplines 5602:. San Francisco: Collins. 5048:. countryclubbahrain.com. 4867:"Polo Today | Polo Museum" 4565:"Left-handed Polo Players" 3561:World History Encyclopedia 3342:Polo, the emperor of games 3287:Willekes, Carolyn (2017). 2395: 2304:2019 Southeast Asian Games 2300:2017 Southeast Asian Games 2296:2007 Southeast Asian Games 1913:, "riding off" an opponent 1862: 1816: 1810: 1485: 1105:. Here they played on the 744:) excelled at it; Emperor 516:In China, Liao dinasty era 502: 29: 6386:List of historical horses 6378: 6317: 6279: 6188: 6145: 6039: 5980: 5899: 5832: 5807:Thoroughbred horse racing 5772: 5726: 5694: 5671: 3141:Oxford English Dictionary 2434:Pakistan Polo Association 2072: 2030: 1458:Polo player, with referee 1447:, Tortugas Polo Open and 905:Tang dynasty tomb figures 657:Statue of polo player in 564:. It is cognate with the 412: 356: 348: 343: 332: 321: 303: 293: 276: 268: 263: 255: 217:Developed and formalised 185: 175: 162: 150: 6330:Competitive trail riding 5812:Films about horse racing 5423:27 November 2022 at the 5397:"Camel Polo in Mongolia" 5206:"Polo Clubs in Pakistan" 3802:J. del Carril editions: 3622:(1: July–August): 34–41. 2974:Canepa, Matthew (2018). 2775: 2689:A lighthearted variant, 2627:is played in South Asia. 2440:three times. Pakistan's 2341: 1728: 1576:The Galveston Daily News 1515:James Gordon Bennett Jr. 1476:United States of America 1402:Juan Carlos Harriott Jr. 837:, by Italian missionary 684:and to India and Tibet. 6153:Cowboy mounted shooting 5326:28 October 2014 at the 4019:Encyclopædia Britannica 3700:10.1126/science.abb7559 3446:Herrin, Judith (2007). 3340:Milburn, Frank (1994). 3234:Perry, John R. (2001). 3146:Oxford University Press 2942:Encyclopædia Britannica 2795:still spoken by ethnic 2765:World Polo Championship 2438:World Polo Championship 2390:Indian Polo Association 2294:Polo was played at the 2271:East and Southeast Asia 2262:World Polo Championship 2057:is used exclusively in 1945: 1440:and Juan Martín Nero). 1386:, and Enrique Alberdi. 573:, also meaning 'ball'. 6427:Equestrian team sports 6391:Women in equestrianism 6194:exhibition disciplines 5576: 4539:www.caminorealpolo.com 3919:Royal Polo Club Rasnov 3305:10.3197/np.2017.210206 3240:Asian Folklore Studies 2850:18 August 2018 at the 2708: 2703: 2497: 2384:The governing body of 2284: 2244: 2220: 2082: 1989:ounces (99 g) to 1914: 1902: 1891: 1872: 1828: 1725: 1688:Guest and William Mui. 1607: 1552:financed the original 1511: 1500: 1459: 1283: 1275: 1184:starting from 33 1098: 1057: 964: 842: 776: 665: 650: 541: 517: 485:indoor or semi-outdoor 349:Country or region 34:. For other uses, see 6241:Show hunter (British) 5850:Equestrian drill team 5528:Die Tageszeitung: taz 5372:. Worldsnowpolo.com. 4993:"The Daily Telegraph" 4779:The polo encyclopedia 4412:"The Texas Polo Club" 4126:. 19 September 2023. 3844:Essentials Tips: Polo 3767:"Origin of Polo game" 3206:Multiple references: 3178:Robert Crego (2003). 3070:"THE HISTORY OF POLO" 2875:The Evolution of Polo 2831:10 April 2012 at the 2621:is played in Mongolia 2491: 2414:Shandur Polo Festival 2278: 2239: 2218: 2080: 2003:ounces (130 g). 1908: 1897: 1889: 1870: 1826: 1714:Teignmouth P. Melvill 1706:Club Puerta de Hierro 1703: 1605: 1554:New York Polo Grounds 1535:Jerome Park Racetrack 1531:Westchester Polo Club 1509:The Villages, Florida 1506: 1495: 1457: 1428:); Ellerstina, 2009 ( 1309:Buenos Aires Province 1281: 1273: 1241:Indian principalities 1090: 1051: 962: 826: 771: 719:(stadium for playing 656: 637: 523: 515: 508:Origins and etymology 471:played professionally 437:, often supported by 36:Polo (disambiguation) 27:Equestrian team sport 6355:Mounted orienteering 6304:Icelandic equitation 6040:Working stock sports 5268:. 27 February 2021. 4004:Dale, Thomas Francis 3812:Essential Tips: Polo 3665:; Medley, Margaret, 3632:Malcolm D. Whitman, 3217:. The Asia Society. 2750:List of polo players 2248:countries. Although 2242:1900 Summer Olympics 2177:improve this section 1909:Polo player wearing 1761:improve this section 1668:Indoor or arena polo 1527:James Gordon Bennett 1496:A polo match at the 1445:Hurlingham Polo Open 1426:Bartolomé Castagnola 832:Playing Polo in the 711:at an early date. A 697:Naqsh-i Jahan Square 639:Naqsh-e Jahan Square 433:for equestrians and 411:to hit a small hard 157:Players playing polo 65:improve this article 6289:Camargue equitation 6211:Halter (horse show) 6006:Draft horse showing 5621:. Munich: BookRix. 5468:Penny Farthing Club 5186:on 31 December 2018 4837:"Outdoor Polo Ball" 3981:on 3 September 2020 3745:on 11 February 2019 3653:Michaelson, Carol, 3144:(Online ed.). 3050:on 11 February 2019 2494:City Palace, Jaipur 2310:, Kuala Lumpur and 2289:Singapore Polo Club 2107:standing martingale 1594:Harry Payne Whitney 1498:Kentucky Horse Park 1346:a team composed of 1108:manung kangjei bung 755:John I of Trebizond 477:from 1900 to 1936. 461:units, usually the 165:governing body 147: 6309:Working equitation 6256:Trail (horse show) 6201:Classical dressage 5917:Corrida de sortija 5078:on 4 November 2020 4903:on 19 October 2018 4871:www.polomuseum.com 4847:on 9 November 2017 4817:on 9 November 2017 4737:on 3 December 2022 4674:on 9 November 2017 4654:on 3 December 2022 4571:on 29 January 2018 4510:Horse Racing Sense 4455:on 9 November 2017 4361:on 26 March 2012. 4352:The Galveston News 4305:The Galveston News 4269:The New York Times 4212:on 25 January 2012 3925:on 3 December 2017 3694:. sciencemag.org. 3472:Kelly, Christopher 3427:on 3 February 2020 2498: 2364:. You can help by 2285: 2245: 2232:Contemporary sport 2221: 2083: 1954:, leather covered 1915: 1903: 1892: 1873: 1829: 1726: 1608: 1566:The Galveston News 1550:August Belmont Jr. 1539:Westchester County 1512: 1501: 1460: 1434:Gonzalo Pieres Jr. 1284: 1276: 1209:Calcutta Polo Club 1181:Cheitharol Kumbaba 1130:mapan kangjei bung 1099: 1058: 1052:Old polo field in 1021:Cheitharol Kumbaba 965: 843: 834:Kingdom of Imereti 777: 666: 651: 542: 518: 383:that is played on 180:The Sport of Kings 145: 6399: 6398: 6216:Horse showmanship 6137:Working cow horse 6001:Chuckwagon racing 5912:Carrera de cintas 5900:Games with horses 5855:Escaramuza charra 5665:Equestrian sports 4976:Sunday Herald Sun 4634:– via Issuu 4418:on 26 March 2012. 3915:"History of polo" 3895:on 18 August 2018 3854:978-987-02-7039-3 3836:– via Issu. 3821:978-987-02-7039-3 3600:978-1-903682-87-6 3532:. Touregypt.net. 3515:978-0-19-504652-6 3193:978-0-313-31610-4 3152:(Subscription or 3099:Heitner, Darren. 3074:argentinapolo.com 2991:978-0-19-866277-8 2912:978-1-135-76043-4 2503:Variant forms of 2442:Hissam Ali Haider 2382: 2381: 2213: 2212: 2205: 2065:prefers the term 1797: 1796: 1789: 1722:Duke of Peñaranda 1710:Frederick A. Gill 1640:, ice hockey, or 1449:Palermo Polo Open 1438:Pablo Mac Donough 1364:1936 Berlin Games 1334:and later (1888) 1144:outer polo ground 1122:inner polo ground 1094:Mapal Kangjeibung 924:India and Britain 526:Persian miniature 366: 365: 141: 140: 133: 115: 16:(Redirected from 6444: 6422:Mixed-sex sports 6266:Western pleasure 6261:Western dressage 6206:English pleasure 6107:Jineteada gaucha 6057:Breakaway roping 6052:Australian rodeo 6021:Pleasure driving 5996:Carriage driving 5734:Combined driving 5658: 5651: 5644: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5613: 5594:Penina Meisels; 5582: 5581: 5579: 5571: 5569: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5433: 5427: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5350:on 16 March 2016 5336: 5330: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5298:. Archived from 5288: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5261: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5176: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5156:. 18 July 2007. 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5100:. Archived from 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5074:. Archived from 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4995: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4929:on 23 March 2016 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4897:"About the Club" 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4816: 4809: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4774: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4756: 4750:, archived from 4749: 4738: 4736: 4729: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4699:"Playing: Rules" 4692: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4673: 4666: 4655: 4653: 4646: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4454: 4443: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4414:. Archived from 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4392:on 26 March 2012 4391: 4384: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4360: 4349: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4314:on 26 March 2012 4313: 4302: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4278:on 26 March 2012 4277: 4266: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4067:Deccan Chronicle 4058: 4052: 4051: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4011: 4000: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3977:. Archived from 3975:calcuttapolo.com 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3921:. Archived from 3911: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3894: 3887: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3741:. Archived from 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3683: 3677: 3651: 3645: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3616:The Playing-Card 3611: 3605: 3604: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3404: 3396: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3185: 3175: 3158: 3157: 3149: 3137: 3130: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3046:. Archived from 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3019:on 28 March 2009 3015:. Archived from 3005: 2996: 2995: 2971: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2933: 2920: 2919: 2896: 2883: 2882: 2870: 2859: 2842: 2836: 2823: 2807: 2801:Gilgit-Baltistan 2793:Tibetic language 2786: 2711: 2704:Steckenpferdpolo 2698: 2691:hobby horse polo 2613:On other animals 2430:polo in Pakistan 2422:Chitral District 2377: 2374: 2356: 2349: 2208: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2188: 2157: 2149: 2129:is frequently a 2120:roached (hogged) 2052: 2051: 2047: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1792: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1772: 1741: 1733: 1529:established the 1507:Polo stadium in 1418:Lucas Monteverde 1376:Roberto Cavanagh 1194:Viceroy of India 1187: 1183: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1096: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1024: 1016: 1008: 1000: 992: 984: 972: 947: 941: 876:), originally a 875: 874: 1206–1210 873: 867:Qutubuddin Aibak 810:Mamluk precursor 781:Muslim conquests 764: 763: 1235–1238 762: 757: 751: 750:r. 912–913 743: 742:r. 867–886 731: 729: 724: 718: 709:Byzantine Empire 672:, where Emperor 607: 572: 566:Standard Tibetan 563: 553: 387:, a traditional 237:Sasanian Empires 226: 225: 220: 209:Eurasian nomadic 206: 201: 155: 148: 144: 136: 129: 125: 122: 116: 114: 73: 49: 41: 21: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6374: 6360:Pleasure riding 6313: 6294:Doma menorquina 6281: 6275: 6193: 6184: 6163:Mounted archery 6141: 6122:Steer wrestling 6097:Deporte de lazo 6047:Acoso y derribo 6035: 5976: 5895: 5828: 5768: 5764:Para-equestrian 5722: 5690: 5676:Main articles: 5667: 5662: 5610: 5590: 5588:Further reading 5585: 5567: 5565: 5552: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5535: 5522: 5521: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5425:Wayback Machine 5410: 5408: 5393: 5389: 5379: 5377: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5328:Wayback Machine 5319: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5302:on 8 March 2021 5290: 5289: 5285: 5275: 5273: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5215: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5189: 5187: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5163: 5161: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5130:on 30 June 2016 5122: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5022:. Ndhpolo.com. 5018: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4988: 4984: 4971: 4967: 4957: 4955: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4841:World Polo News 4835: 4834: 4830: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4789: 4775: 4771: 4760: 4758: 4757:on 16 July 2018 4754: 4747: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4721: 4712: 4710: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4638: 4629: 4627: 4616: 4607: 4605: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4574: 4572: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4548: 4546: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4441: 4439:"USPA Rulebook" 4437: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4423: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4363:Grayson County: 4358: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4329: 4325: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4300: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4245: 4243: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4215: 4213: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4186:on 6 April 2016 4178: 4177: 4173: 4163: 4161: 4148: 4147: 4143: 4133: 4131: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4090: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4059: 4055: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4001: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3969: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3864: 3862: 3855: 3831: 3829: 3822: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3778: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3731: 3727: 3717: 3715: 3684: 3680: 3652: 3648: 3631: 3627: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3585: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3530:"Touregypt.net" 3528: 3527: 3523: 3516: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3398: 3397: 3373:Iranian Studies 3365: 3361: 3352: 3330: 3328: 3293:Nomadic Peoples 3277: 3275: 3252:10.2307/1179053 3224: 3222: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3176: 3161: 3151: 3131: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3036: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3007: 3006: 2999: 2992: 2972: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2934: 2923: 2913: 2897: 2886: 2871: 2862: 2858:, 29 April 2010 2852:Wayback Machine 2843: 2839: 2833:Wayback Machine 2824: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2726: 2694: 2668:penny-farthings 2640: 2615: 2604: 2557:western saddles 2486: 2470: 2458: 2410: 2398: 2378: 2372: 2369: 2362:needs expansion 2344: 2324: 2273: 2234: 2209: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2174: 2158: 2147: 2091:jumping saddles 2075: 2063:British English 2049: 2045: 2044: 2033: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2010: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1948: 1884: 1865: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1793: 1782: 1776: 1773: 1758: 1742: 1731: 1724:amongst others. 1670: 1661: 1610: 1490: 1484: 1422:Mariano Aguerre 1414:Adolfo Cambiaso 1382:, Juan Nelson, 1372:Andrés Gazzotti 1352:Enrique Padilla 1324:Cañada de Gómez 1268: 1247:by the 1890's. 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 997:Ibudhou Marjing 926: 921: 886:Delhi Sultanate 870: 839:Teramo Castelli 759: 753: 749: 741: 726: 632: 620:Sasanian Empire 610:Parthian Empire 534:Safavid dynasty 510: 505: 499:are an option. 431:spectator sport 289: 264:Characteristics 242: 221: 197: 158: 137: 126: 120: 117: 74: 72: 62: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6450: 6440: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6393: 6388: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6285: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6197: 6195: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6160: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6031:Scurry driving 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5985: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5927:Equine agility 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5797:Point-to-point 5794: 5789: 5787:Harness racing 5784: 5778: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5730: 5728: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5704: 5702: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5681: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5661: 5660: 5653: 5646: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5614: 5608: 5596:Michael Cronan 5589: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5545: 5515: 5485: 5455: 5448: 5428: 5387: 5361: 5331: 5313: 5283: 5249: 5223: 5197: 5171: 5141: 5115: 5104:on 7 July 2011 5089: 5063: 5037: 5011: 4982: 4965: 4940: 4914: 4888: 4858: 4828: 4794: 4787: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4739: 4719: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4656: 4636: 4614: 4582: 4556: 4527: 4496: 4466: 4430: 4421: 4403: 4371: 4336: 4289: 4253: 4223: 4197: 4171: 4141: 4111: 4084: 4053: 4048:Newspapers.com 4025: 4014:Chisholm, Hugh 3992: 3962: 3936: 3906: 3874: 3872: 3871: 3853: 3838: 3820: 3808:"Introduction" 3795: 3776: 3756: 3739:Indianpolo.com 3725: 3678: 3655:Gilded Dragons 3646: 3625: 3606: 3599: 3579: 3547: 3521: 3514: 3502:, ed. (1991). 3491: 3485:978-1107038585 3484: 3463: 3457:978-0713999976 3456: 3438: 3412: 3359: 3357: 3356: 3351:978-0394571614 3350: 3337: 3299:(2): 286–301. 3284: 3246:(2): 191–202. 3236:"Introduction" 3231: 3199: 3192: 3159: 3122: 3091: 3061: 3044:Indianpolo.com 3030: 3013:Indianpolo.com 2997: 2990: 2959: 2921: 2911: 2884: 2860: 2837: 2835:, 5 April 2012 2817: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2725: 2722: 2687: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2657: 2647: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2614: 2611: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2588: 2583:was played in 2578: 2564: 2485: 2482: 2469: 2466: 2457: 2456:United Kingdom 2454: 2409: 2406: 2397: 2394: 2380: 2379: 2359: 2357: 2343: 2340: 2323: 2320: 2272: 2269: 2233: 2230: 2211: 2210: 2193:September 2022 2161: 2159: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2074: 2071: 2032: 2029: 1947: 1944: 1883: 1880: 1864: 1861: 1811:Main article: 1808: 1805: 1795: 1794: 1777:September 2022 1745: 1743: 1736: 1730: 1727: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1669: 1666: 1660: 1657: 1571:Denison, Texas 1483: 1480: 1430:Facundo Pieres 1398:Coronel Suárez 1384:Diego Cavanagh 1368:Manuel Andrada 1267: 1264: 925: 922: 920: 917: 882:Mamluk dynasty 812:to modern-day 730: 408–450 715:tzykanisterion 670:Constantinople 631: 628: 578:Iranian people 556:Balti language 528:from the poem 509: 506: 504: 501: 447:1st century AD 443:6th century BC 379:: چوگان) is a 364: 363: 360: 354: 353: 350: 346: 345: 341: 340: 334: 330: 329: 323: 319: 318: 305: 301: 300: 297: 291: 290: 288: 287: 284: 280: 278: 274: 273: 270: 266: 265: 261: 260: 257: 253: 252: 251: 250: 243: 241: 240: 215: 194: 187: 183: 182: 177: 173: 172: 167: 160: 159: 156: 139: 138: 53: 51: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6449: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6350:Hunter pacing 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6335:Cross-country 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6278: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6112:Ranch sorting 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6082:Chilean rodeo 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6016:Horse pulling 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5991:Ban'ei racing 5989: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5907:Barrel racing 5905: 5904: 5902: 5898: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5698:disciplines, 5697: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5678:Equestrianism 5674: 5673: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5654: 5652: 5647: 5645: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5615: 5611: 5609:0-00-637796-3 5605: 5601: 5597: 5592: 5591: 5580: 5578: 5563: 5560:(in German). 5559: 5555: 5549: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5451: 5449:9780486478586 5445: 5441: 5440: 5432: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5391: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5317: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5292:"HPA History" 5287: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5237: 5233: 5227: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5185: 5181: 5175: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5145: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5103: 5099: 5093: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5025: 5021: 5020:"NDPpolo.com" 5015: 4999: 4994: 4986: 4978: 4977: 4969: 4954: 4950: 4944: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4832: 4813: 4806: 4805: 4798: 4790: 4788:0-7864-1724-2 4784: 4780: 4773: 4753: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4670: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4650: 4643: 4642: 4637: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4531: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4451: 4447: 4440: 4434: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4388: 4381: 4375: 4368: 4366: 4357: 4353: 4346: 4340: 4333: 4310: 4306: 4299: 4293: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4257: 4241: 4237: 4236:www.lapolo.in 4233: 4227: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3997: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3910: 3891: 3884: 3878: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3839: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3814:. p. 9. 3813: 3809: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3783: 3779: 3777:9780851123745 3773: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3643: 3642:0-486-43357-9 3639: 3635: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3610: 3602: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3583: 3567: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3551: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3517: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3495: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3408: 3402: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3363: 3353: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3189: 3184: 3183: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3142: 3136: 3129: 3127: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3095: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3034: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3004: 3002: 2993: 2987: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2938:"Sport: Polo" 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2908: 2904: 2903: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2857: 2856:The Telegraph 2853: 2849: 2846: 2841: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2771: 2770:Horse cloning 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2755:Polo handicap 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2712:Polo-Club in 2710: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2673:Golfcart polo 2672: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625:Elephant polo 2623: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2561:medicine ball 2558: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2543:Sagol kāngjei 2540: 2536: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2495: 2490: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2468:United States 2465: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2405: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2386:polo in India 2376: 2373:November 2022 2367: 2363: 2360:This section 2358: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2347: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2290: 2282: 2277: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2238: 2229: 2226: 2225:soccer fields 2217: 2207: 2204: 2196: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2162:This section 2160: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2079: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2042: 2038: 2028: 2024: 2007: 2004: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1907: 1900: 1896: 1888: 1879: 1876: 1869: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1845:Thoroughbreds 1842: 1838: 1834: 1825: 1820: 1814: 1804: 1800: 1791: 1788: 1780: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1746:This section 1744: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1674: 1665: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1615: 1611: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1587:Boerne, Texas 1584: 1579: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1505: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1482:United States 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1456: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1412:, 2009–2010 ( 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1366:with players 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320:Venado Tuerto 1317: 1312: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1280: 1272: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1182: 1177: 1176:Manipur State 1172: 1153: 1152:hapta kangjei 1131: 1109: 1104: 1095: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1062:Manipuri Pony 1055: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1032:sagol kangjei 1029:) introduced 1023: 1022: 1015: 1014: 1007: 1006: 999: 998: 991: 990: 989:mukna kangjei 983: 982: 981:khong kangjei 976: 971: 970:sagol kangjei 961: 957: 955: 951: 946: 940: 935: 934:sagol kāngjei 931: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 889: 887: 883: 879: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 840: 836: 835: 831: 825: 821: 819: 818:"Latin" decks 815: 814:playing cards 811: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 774: 770: 766: 756: 747: 739: 735: 732:) inside the 723: 717: 716: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 685: 683: 679: 675: 674:Theodosius II 671: 664: 660: 655: 648: 644: 640: 636: 627: 625: 621: 617: 616: 611: 606: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 584: 579: 574: 571: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 539: 535: 531: 530:Guy-o Chawgân 527: 522: 514: 500: 498: 497:arena mallets 494: 490: 489:playing field 486: 482: 478: 476: 475:Olympic sport 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 427: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 338: 335: 331: 327: 324: 320: 317: 313: 309: 306: 302: 298: 296: 292: 285: 283:Field polo: 4 282: 281: 279: 275: 271: 267: 262: 258: 254: 248: 244: 238: 234: 230: 216: 214: 210: 205: 196: 195: 193: 192: 191: 188: 184: 181: 178: 174: 171: 168: 166: 161: 154: 149: 143: 135: 132: 124: 113: 110: 106: 103: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: – 81: 77: 76:Find sources: 70: 66: 60: 59: 54:This article 52: 48: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 6365:Trail riding 6340:Field hunter 6318:Field sports 6299:Doma vaquera 6280:Regional and 6251:Stunt riding 6180:Pig sticking 6127:Team penning 6072:Campdrafting 6062:Bronc riding 6011:Fine harness 5967:Sinjska alka 5957:Pole bending 5942:Keyhole race 5891:Team chasing 5880: 5802:Steeplechase 5774:Horse racing 5754:Tent pegging 5718:Show jumping 5683: 5675: 5618: 5599: 5573: 5566:. Retrieved 5557: 5548: 5536:. Retrieved 5527: 5518: 5506:. Retrieved 5497: 5488: 5476:. Retrieved 5467: 5458: 5438: 5431: 5409:. Retrieved 5400: 5390: 5378:. Retrieved 5364: 5352:. Retrieved 5348:the original 5343: 5334: 5316: 5304:. Retrieved 5300:the original 5295: 5286: 5276:14 September 5274:. Retrieved 5265: 5252: 5242:14 September 5240:. Retrieved 5226: 5216:14 September 5214:. Retrieved 5200: 5188:. Retrieved 5184:the original 5174: 5162:. Retrieved 5153: 5144: 5132:. Retrieved 5128:the original 5118: 5106:. Retrieved 5102:the original 5092: 5080:. Retrieved 5076:the original 5066: 5054:. Retrieved 5040: 5028:. Retrieved 5014: 5002:. Retrieved 4985: 4974: 4968: 4956:. Retrieved 4953:Today Online 4952: 4943: 4931:. Retrieved 4927:the original 4917: 4905:. Retrieved 4901:the original 4891: 4879:. Retrieved 4870: 4861: 4849:. Retrieved 4845:the original 4840: 4831: 4819:. Retrieved 4812:the original 4803: 4797: 4778: 4772: 4759:, retrieved 4752:the original 4743: 4732:the original 4723: 4711:. Retrieved 4702: 4690: 4676:. Retrieved 4669:the original 4660: 4649:the original 4640: 4628:, retrieved 4618: 4606:. Retrieved 4597: 4589:USPA Rules: 4585: 4573:. Retrieved 4569:the original 4559: 4547:. Retrieved 4538: 4530: 4518:. Retrieved 4509: 4499: 4487:. Retrieved 4478: 4469: 4457:. Retrieved 4450:the original 4445: 4433: 4424: 4416:the original 4406: 4394:. Retrieved 4387:the original 4374: 4364: 4362: 4356:the original 4351: 4339: 4323: 4316:. Retrieved 4309:the original 4304: 4292: 4280:. Retrieved 4273:the original 4268: 4256: 4244:. Retrieved 4235: 4226: 4214:. Retrieved 4210:the original 4200: 4188:. Retrieved 4184:the original 4174: 4162:. Retrieved 4153: 4144: 4132:. Retrieved 4123: 4114: 4102:. Retrieved 4087: 4075:. Retrieved 4066: 4056: 4037: 4028: 4017: 4009:"Polo" 3983:. Retrieved 3979:the original 3974: 3965: 3953:. Retrieved 3939: 3927:. Retrieved 3923:the original 3918: 3909: 3897:. Retrieved 3890:the original 3877: 3863:. Retrieved 3843: 3830:. Retrieved 3811: 3798: 3786:. Retrieved 3766: 3759: 3747:. Retrieved 3743:the original 3738: 3728: 3716:. Retrieved 3691: 3681: 3666: 3654: 3649: 3633: 3628: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3589: 3582: 3570:. Retrieved 3559: 3550: 3538:. Retrieved 3524: 3504: 3494: 3475: 3466: 3447: 3441: 3429:. Retrieved 3425:the original 3415: 3401:cite journal 3392: 3372: 3362: 3341: 3329:. Retrieved 3296: 3292: 3276:. Retrieved 3243: 3239: 3223:. Retrieved 3214: 3202: 3181: 3139: 3113:. Retrieved 3104: 3094: 3082:. Retrieved 3073: 3064: 3052:. Retrieved 3048:the original 3043: 3033: 3023:28 September 3021:. Retrieved 3017:the original 3012: 2979: 2950:. Retrieved 2941: 2916: 2901: 2878: 2874: 2855: 2840: 2821: 2797:Balti people 2788: 2784: 2718:hobby horses 2688: 2608: 2605: 2547: 2533: 2517: 2502: 2499: 2471: 2459: 2450:Commonwealth 2426:Shandur Pass 2411: 2402:Phoenix Park 2399: 2383: 2370: 2366:adding to it 2361: 2345: 2336: 2325: 2316: 2293: 2286: 2266: 2246: 2222: 2199: 2190: 2175:Please help 2163: 2124: 2084: 2066: 2054: 2034: 2025: 2008: 2005: 1960: 1949: 1941: 1938: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1899:Polo mallets 1877: 1874: 1857: 1853: 1830: 1801: 1798: 1783: 1774: 1759:Please help 1747: 1718:Alfonso XIII 1682: 1671: 1662: 1659:Outdoor polo 1646: 1635: 1624: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1598: 1591: 1583:urban legend 1581:There is an 1580: 1575: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1547: 1543:Bronx County 1523:Fifth Avenue 1513: 1461: 1442: 1395: 1388: 1360:Arturo Kenny 1313: 1285: 1249: 1233: 1213:10th Hussars 1198: 1173: 1100: 1059: 975:field hockey 966: 927: 908: 897:Tang dynasty 890: 884:(1206–1290) 844: 827: 778: 773:Tang dynasty 686: 667: 613: 592:Ancient Iran 587: 581: 575: 543: 529: 496: 479: 435:high society 428: 424: 420: 399:(modern-day 372: 368: 367: 277:Team members 213:Central Asia 198:6th C. 190:Greater Iran 179: 142: 127: 118: 108: 101: 94: 87: 75: 63:Please help 58:verification 55: 6345:Fox hunting 6236:Show hunter 6226:Saddle seat 6132:Team roping 6067:Calf roping 5962:Potato race 5922:Dzhigitovka 5845:Cowboy polo 5833:Team sports 5822:by capacity 5782:Flat racing 5619:Simply Polo 5577:Brottrunk. 5568:27 November 5538:27 November 5498:Der Spiegel 5478:3 September 5411:27 November 5340:"The rules" 4164:10 February 4150:"Handicaps" 4134:10 February 4044:Apia, Samoa 3971:"Polo Club" 3331:27 November 3278:27 November 3225:27 November 2683:Segway polo 2638:On vehicles 2553:Cowboy polo 2513:cowboy polo 2418:Shandur Top 2412:The annual 2103:breastplate 2081:Polo saddle 2037:polo mallet 1934:gum shields 1807:Polo ponies 1519:39th Street 1391:10 handicap 1380:Luis Duggan 1356:Juan Nelson 1201:Cachar Club 1190:Lord Curzon 1166:weekly polo 1103:Kangla Fort 1005:Lai Haraoba 919:Modern game 899:capital of 849:(including 678:Middle Ages 463:royal guard 439:sponsorship 393:team sports 389:field sport 211:peoples of 18:Polo player 6437:Ball games 6406:Categories 6246:Sidesaddle 6190:Horse show 6102:Goat tying 5886:Polocrosse 5685:Equitation 5627:B00XKVIYOK 5380:25 January 5266:Click Polo 5030:25 January 5004:25 January 4851:9 November 4821:9 November 4713:3 December 4678:9 November 4630:3 December 4608:3 December 4575:28 January 4549:11 January 4489:8 November 4459:8 November 4446:uspolo.org 4216:25 January 3985:2 December 3929:2 December 3899:8 December 3865:3 December 3832:3 December 3749:25 January 3675:0571109578 3663:0714114898 3540:25 January 3431:25 January 3156:required.) 3054:25 January 2814:References 2660:Cycle polo 2650:Canoe polo 2619:Camel polo 2591:Polocrosse 2575:basketball 2535:Water polo 2525:ice hockey 2509:beach polo 2505:arena polo 2334:, Jordan. 2250:its tenure 2139:draw reins 2135:Pelham bit 2115:polo wraps 2067:polo stick 2059:US English 2041:manau-cane 1817:See also: 1692:Argentina. 1673:Arena polo 1642:basketball 1631:ice hockey 1627:body check 1486:See also: 1474:, and the 1410:La Dolfina 1406:Chapaleufú 1348:Juan Miles 1336:Hurlingham 1237:equestrian 1013:Khoriphaba 779:After the 736:. Emperor 481:Arena polo 337:Polo field 316:team sport 308:Equestrian 91:newspapers 32:polo shirt 6325:Cavalcade 6231:Show hack 6221:Hunt seat 6077:Charrería 5972:Skijoring 5952:O-Mok-See 5744:Horseball 5739:Endurance 4520:11 August 4104:11 August 4077:11 August 3955:6 January 3708:216498085 3572:13 August 3556:"Saladin" 3389:2252-0643 3313:0822-7942 3260:0385-2342 2952:23 August 2696:‹See Tfd› 2644:Auto polo 2585:Argentina 2567:Horseball 2322:West Asia 2283:Polo 2007 2281:SEA Games 2164:does not 2145:The field 1882:Equipment 1813:Polo pony 1748:does not 1342:. In the 1266:Argentina 1260:Bhavnagar 1225:Aldershot 1056:, Manipur 915:, China. 893:Silk Road 863:Baltistan 830:Georgians 746:Alexander 722:tzykanion 624:Shapur II 493:aggregate 425:chukkers. 385:horseback 381:ball game 352:Worldwide 326:Polo pony 322:Equipment 312:ball game 295:Mixed-sex 176:Nicknames 121:July 2022 6168:Yabusame 6158:Jousting 6146:Weaponry 6026:Roadster 5937:Gymkhana 5932:Er Enish 5860:Fantasia 5840:Buzkashi 5759:Vaulting 5713:Eventing 5708:Dressage 5598:(1992). 5562:Archived 5532:Archived 5502:Archived 5472:Archived 5421:Archived 5418:Newsport 5405:Archived 5374:Archived 5354:15 March 5324:Archived 5270:Archived 5236:Archived 5210:Archived 5158:Archived 5154:BBC News 5050:Archived 5024:Archived 4998:Archived 4933:30 March 4907:30 March 4875:Archived 4707:Archived 4624:archived 4602:Archived 4543:Archived 4514:Archived 4483:Archived 4246:19 March 4240:Archived 4158:Archived 4128:Archived 4098:Archived 4071:Archived 4006:(1911). 3949:Archived 3859:Archived 3826:Archived 3782:Archived 3712:Archived 3644:, p. 98. 3566:Archived 3534:Archived 3474:(2013). 3325:Archived 3321:44652688 3272:Archived 3219:Archived 3115:9 August 3109:Archived 3084:9 August 3078:Archived 2946:Archived 2848:Archived 2829:Archived 2740:Buzkashi 2724:See also 2714:Mannheim 2677:Motoball 2664:bicycles 2631:Yak polo 2595:lacrosse 2539:handball 2521:ice polo 2507:include 2408:Pakistan 2101:seat. A 2099:dressage 1911:kneepads 1901:and ball 1720:and the 1636:Like in 1292:Scottish 1256:Twenty20 1043:Khagemba 1038:'kangjei 977:(called 901:Chang'an 847:Pakistan 799:such as 789:Mameluke 663:Pakistan 583:buzkashi 344:Presence 339:or arena 286:Arena: 3 249:, India. 233:Parthian 229:Persians 163:Highest 6379:Related 6092:Cutting 5982:Driving 5947:Kyz kuu 5867:(cirit) 5749:Reining 5700:Olympic 5508:28 July 5190:28 July 5164:17 June 5134:28 July 5082:28 July 5056:28 July 4958:29 July 4761:16 July 4396:28 July 4190:28 July 4154:POLO+10 4124:Vakiano 4016:(ed.). 3788:22 July 3718:30 June 3692:Science 3268:1179053 2799:in the 2730:Chovgan 2446:Cartier 2432:is the 2396:Ireland 2388:is the 2312:Jakarta 2308:Pattaya 2185:removed 2170:sources 2131:gag bit 2111:stirrup 2095:billets 2087:saddles 2048:⁄ 2018:⁄ 1998:⁄ 1984:⁄ 1970:⁄ 1863:Players 1841:withers 1769:removed 1754:sources 1328:Quilmes 1316:gauchos 1300:English 1221:Hussars 1205:Silchar 1160: 1138: 1116: 1078:saddles 950:Silchar 930:Manipur 855:Chitral 841:, 1640. 805:Baybars 801:Saladin 797:sultans 785:Ayyubid 783:to the 738:Basil I 705:Abbas I 701:Isfahan 693:Safavid 688:Abbasid 643:Isfahan 600:chovgan 546:Chovgan 503:History 459:cavalry 451:Iranian 445:to the 421:chukkas 405:scoring 377:Persian 373:Chovgan 358:Olympic 269:Contact 247:Manipur 231:of the 105:scholar 6175:Pasola 5984:sports 5865:Jereed 5625: 5606: 5464:"Home" 5446: 5306:2 June 5108:26 May 4996:. UK. 4881:15 May 4785: 4330: 4326: 4318:2 July 4282:2 July 3851: 3818: 3774: 3706: 3673: 3661: 3640: 3597: 3512: 3482: 3454: 3387: 3348: 3319: 3311: 3266: 3258: 3190: 3135:"polo" 3105:Forbes 2988: 2976:"polo" 2909: 2805:Ladakh 2745:Jereed 2700:German 2573:, and 2260:. The 2073:Saddle 2055:mallet 2031:Mallet 1952:bamboo 1927:NOCSAE 1925:(UK), 1923:PAS015 1638:hockey 1472:Mexico 1464:Brazil 1332:Flores 1304:pampas 1298:, and 1252:Jaipur 1217:empire 1192:, the 1082:girths 1074:bamboo 1054:Imphal 878:Turkic 861:, and 851:Gilgit 793:Levant 682:Arabia 659:Gilgit 605:čowgān 598:) as " 596:Persia 588:kokpar 551:čowgān 538:Persia 483:is an 455:Persia 409:mallet 397:Persia 186:Origin 107: 100: 93: 86: 80:"Polo" 78: 6117:Rodeo 6087:Coleo 5792:Palio 5260:' 4815:(PDF) 4808:(PDF) 4755:(PDF) 4748:(PDF) 4735:(PDF) 4728:(PDF) 4672:(PDF) 4665:(PDF) 4652:(PDF) 4645:(PDF) 4453:(PDF) 4442:(PDF) 4390:(PDF) 4383:(PDF) 4359:(PDF) 4348:(PDF) 4312:(PDF) 4301:(PDF) 4276:(PDF) 4265:(PDF) 4012:. In 3893:(PDF) 3886:(PDF) 3704:S2CID 3317:JSTOR 3264:JSTOR 3150: 2880:Road. 2791:is a 2789:Balti 2776:Notes 2735:Dakyu 2571:rugby 2529:bandy 2342:India 2332:Amman 2085:Polo 1849:reins 1837:hands 1729:Rules 1558:after 1541:(now 1468:Chile 1416:Jr., 1296:Welsh 1288:Irish 1245:Samoa 1066:hands 954:Assam 913:Xi’an 859:Hunza 453:. In 333:Venue 256:Clubs 112:JSTOR 98:books 6412:Polo 6370:TREC 5881:Polo 5876:Pato 5871:Mata 5623:ASIN 5604:ISBN 5600:Polo 5570:2022 5540:2022 5510:2016 5480:2022 5444:ISBN 5413:2022 5382:2012 5356:2016 5308:2020 5278:2022 5244:2022 5218:2022 5192:2016 5166:2019 5136:2016 5110:2011 5084:2016 5058:2016 5032:2012 5006:2012 4960:2024 4935:2016 4909:2016 4883:2021 4853:2017 4823:2017 4783:ISBN 4763:2018 4715:2022 4680:2017 4632:2022 4610:2022 4577:2018 4551:2024 4522:2022 4491:2017 4461:2017 4398:2016 4320:2011 4284:2011 4248:2021 4218:2012 4192:2016 4166:2024 4136:2024 4106:2022 4079:2022 3987:2017 3957:2020 3931:2017 3901:2018 3867:2022 3849:ISBN 3834:2022 3816:ISBN 3790:2023 3772:ISBN 3751:2012 3720:2022 3671:ISBN 3659:ISBN 3638:ISBN 3595:ISBN 3574:2020 3542:2012 3510:ISBN 3480:ISBN 3452:ISBN 3433:2012 3407:link 3385:ISSN 3346:ISBN 3333:2022 3309:ISSN 3280:2022 3256:ISSN 3227:2022 3188:ISBN 3117:2018 3086:2018 3056:2012 3025:2008 2986:ISBN 2954:2022 2907:ISBN 2581:Pato 2527:and 2472:The 2302:and 2168:any 2166:cite 2035:The 1956:cork 1946:Ball 1833:pony 1752:any 1750:cite 1712:and 1696:Polo 1620:tack 1521:and 1199:The 1157:lit. 1135:lit. 1113:lit. 1080:and 1070:cane 945:pulu 939:polo 828:The 803:and 787:and 647:Iran 570:pulu 561:polo 417:goal 413:ball 401:Iran 369:Polo 304:Type 235:and 146:Polo 84:news 6192:and 5696:FEI 3696:doi 3377:doi 3301:doi 3248:doi 2519:as 2420:in 2416:at 2368:. 2328:UAE 2179:by 2133:or 2127:bit 1763:by 1629:in 1537:in 1223:at 952:in 942:or 699:in 641:in 602:" ( 586:or 548:" ( 536:of 423:or 371:or 299:Yes 272:Yes 259:90+ 227:by 207:by 200:BCE 67:by 6408:: 5572:. 5556:. 5526:. 5496:. 5470:. 5466:. 5403:. 5399:. 5342:. 5294:. 5264:. 5234:. 5208:. 5152:. 4951:. 4873:. 4869:. 4839:. 4705:. 4701:. 4600:. 4596:. 4541:. 4512:. 4508:. 4481:. 4477:. 4444:. 4350:. 4322:. 4303:. 4267:. 4238:. 4234:. 4156:. 4152:. 4122:. 4069:. 4065:. 4042:. 4036:. 3995:^ 3973:. 3947:. 3917:. 3857:. 3824:. 3810:. 3780:. 3737:. 3710:. 3702:. 3690:. 3620:31 3618:. 3564:. 3558:. 3403:}} 3399:{{ 3391:. 3375:. 3371:. 3323:. 3315:. 3307:. 3297:21 3295:. 3291:. 3270:. 3262:. 3254:. 3244:60 3242:. 3238:. 3213:. 3162:^ 3138:. 3125:^ 3107:. 3103:. 3076:. 3072:. 3042:. 3011:. 3000:^ 2962:^ 2944:. 2940:. 2924:^ 2915:. 2887:^ 2863:^ 2854:, 2702:: 2541:. 2480:. 2392:. 2298:, 2141:. 2061:; 1655:. 1470:, 1466:, 1436:, 1432:, 1424:y 1420:, 1378:, 1374:, 1370:, 1358:, 1354:, 1350:, 1330:, 1326:, 1322:, 1311:. 1294:, 1290:, 1186:CE 1084:. 1027:CE 872:r. 857:, 853:, 761:r. 728:r. 661:, 645:, 524:A 469:, 314:, 310:, 224:CE 219:c. 204:CE 5657:e 5650:t 5643:v 5629:. 5612:. 5542:. 5512:. 5482:. 5452:. 5384:. 5358:. 5310:. 5280:. 5258:" 5246:. 5220:. 5194:. 5168:. 5138:. 5112:. 5086:. 5060:. 5034:. 5008:. 4962:. 4937:. 4911:. 4885:. 4855:. 4825:. 4791:. 4717:. 4682:. 4612:. 4579:. 4553:. 4524:. 4493:. 4463:. 4400:. 4286:. 4250:. 4220:. 4194:. 4168:. 4138:. 4108:. 4081:. 4050:. 3989:. 3959:. 3933:. 3903:. 3869:. 3792:. 3753:. 3722:. 3698:: 3603:. 3576:. 3544:. 3518:. 3488:. 3460:. 3435:. 3409:) 3379:: 3354:. 3335:. 3303:: 3282:. 3250:: 3229:. 3196:. 3148:. 3119:. 3088:. 3058:. 3027:. 2994:. 2956:. 2693:( 2670:. 2656:. 2577:. 2563:. 2375:) 2371:( 2206:) 2200:( 2195:) 2191:( 2187:. 2173:. 2050:4 2046:1 2020:2 2016:1 2013:+ 2011:4 2000:2 1996:1 1993:+ 1991:4 1986:2 1982:1 1979:+ 1977:3 1972:2 1968:1 1965:+ 1963:3 1790:) 1784:( 1779:) 1775:( 1771:. 1757:. 1169:' 1163:' 1155:( 1147:' 1141:' 1133:( 1125:' 1119:' 1111:( 1035:( 869:( 758:( 748:( 740:( 594:( 375:( 239:. 134:) 128:( 123:) 119:( 109:· 102:· 95:· 88:· 61:. 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.