1986:
2069:
75:
1889:
2247:
2462:, in which he would avoid open battles against his chief opponent but instead tried to gradually regain the strategic advantage by capturing his fortresses and cities and defeating his junior officers. This strategy was unspectacular, but it led to constant territorial gains and did much to demoralize the Sertorian forces. By 73 or 72 BC, when he was assassinated, Sertorius was already in a desperate situation and his troops were deserting. Against Perperna, a tactician far inferior to his former commander-in-chief, Pompey decided to revert to a more aggressive strategy and he scored a decisive victory that effectively ended the war.
1932:
1437:. Perperna was captured and attempted to persuade Pompey to spare him by giving over Sertorius' correspondence, allegedly containing proof of communications between the rebel leader and leading men in Rome. Pompey burned the letters unread and executed Perperna, and then spent some time restructuring the local Roman administration, showing a lack of animosity towards his former opponents, which extended his patronage throughout Hispania and into southern Gaul. Pompey and his army remained in Hispania for a few years conquering the Sertorian remnants, and then marched back to Rome.
1457:
969:
4797:
1043:
1227:
2167:
1595:
9370:
2324:
1683:
9382:
6577:
328:
1536:, giving him a mandate for their suppression. It granted him proconsular authority for three years in any province within 50 miles of the Mediterranean, along with the power to appoint legates and significant financial resources. Concerned by one man holding such wide-ranging powers, the law was opposed by the Senate, but passed by the tribunate. Most of the difficulties Pompey faced came from officials who resented his authority. In Gaul,
1807:
8264:
721:
1346:
1234:
1332:
2216:, an operation performed with almost complete success. Lacking ships to pursue him, Caesar first secured his rear by subduing Pompeian forces in Hispania, before returning to Rome in December 49 BC. This gave Pompey time to build an army nearly twice the size of his opponents, while his navy destroyed two fleets being built for Caesar, ensuring the Pompeians retained control of the sea lanes.
1290:
1262:
1092:
1360:
1318:
1106:
2450:
could prove insufficient against greater tacticians. However, Pharsalus was his only decisive defeat. At times, he was reluctant to risk an open battle. While not extremely charismatic, Pompey could display tremendous bravery and fighting skills on the battlefield, which inspired his men. While being a superb commander, Pompey also earned a reputation for stealing other generals' victories.
1304:
1248:
1078:
1276:
849:, Pompey led his own legion south to join him. The government in Rome sent out three separate armies in an attempt to prevent the union between Pompey's and Sulla's army. Pompey attacked one of these armies and routed it. The three enemy commanders, unable to agree on a course of action, withdrew. Soon after Pompey arrived at Sulla's camp. He was greeted by Sulla with the official title of
1064:
1050:
1903:, but despite fears he intended to follow Sulla's example, they were dismissed upon arrival at Brundisium. His journey to Rome drew huge crowds wherever he stopped, showing that although opinion in the Senate was divided, Pompey remained as popular as ever with the masses. He was awarded a third triumph for his achievements in Asia Minor, celebrated on his 45th birthday in 61 BC.
2300:. Although the latter had enough food, water was scarce because Caesar had dammed the local rivers, and the Pompeian cavalry lacked forage for their horses. Ending the stalemate became a matter of urgency, and in late July Pompey finally managed to break through part of Caesar's defensive lines. Since this made the blockade pointless, Caesar cut his losses and withdrew to Apollonia.
2262:, some 57 kilometres north of Dyrrachium. Pompey tried to prevent the two Caesarian armies from linking up, by marching north-east and laying an ambush for Antony. The ambush, however, was revealed to Antony by some local Caesarian sympathisers, and he stayed in camp until Caesar approached. Pompey not willing to be caught between the two Caesarian forces withdrew.
2163:
preferred a negotiated solution, or regarded him with as much suspicion as Caesar. His military strategy had to be approved by the consuls, and he could only issue recommendations, which were not always followed. For example, Cicero rejected a request to help him with recruitment, and Cato refused to take command of Sicily, vital for control of Rome's grain supply.
902:, where he joined Marcus Licinius Crassus, together they defeated Carrinas once again. Pompey laid siege to Carrinas in Spoletium but the latter managed to escape. Pompey resumed his march to join Sulla's command. Not long afterwards Pompey successfully ambushed another large force under Censorinus, which was trying to get through to
1928:, whose sister Mucia had recently been divorced by Pompey, for reasons still disputed. They also defeated a bill to distribute farmland to his veterans, and landless members of the urban poor. A similar measure had been rejected in 63 BC, which arguably made the Senate over confident in their ability to control popular unrest.
1220:, losing one third of his army while inflicting next to no losses on Sertorius' army. This was a serious blow to Pompey's prestige, who spent the rest of the year re-organising his army. Metellus' failure to dislodge Sertorius and Pompey's defeat meant the senatorial generals made no progress in the year.
2457:
Above all, he was often able to adapt to his enemies and showed determination. On many occasions, he acted very swiftly and decisively, as he did during his campaigns in Sicily and Africa, or against the
Cilician pirates. During the Sertorian war, on the other hand, Pompey was beaten several times by
2314:
Regardless, Pompey's army of around 38,000 outnumbered the 22,000 men commanded by Caesar, with 7,000 cavalry to 1,000. On 9 August he deployed his men in battle formation, planning to use his superior cavalry to outflank his opponent on his left. Caesar had anticipated this, and repulsed the cavalry
2162:
When the war began, Caesar was a rebel with no navy and three understrength legions, while Pompey was backed by all the resources of the Roman state and his clients in the East. However, his position was weaker than it seemed, since he was simply an advisor to the Senate, many of whose members either
2125:, a plebeian tribune. They initiated legislation to remove Caesar from his command in Gaul, who allegedly bypassed this by bribing Paullus and Curio. For whatever reason, Curio came up with an alternative proposal; Caesar and Pompey should disarm at the same time, or be declared enemies of the state.
2059:
Once in office, they ensured passage of a law giving
Crassus the province of Syria and command of a punitive expedition against Parthia, providing him opportunities for both military glory and loot. Pompey was assigned the restive provinces of Hispania, along with Africa, while Caesar's governorships
2180:
Plans to defend Italy were undone by the speed with which Caesar moved, advancing directly on Rome with minimal resistance. Although outnumbered, his troops were experienced veterans, while many of Pompey's were new recruits, a weakness made worse by lack of co-ordination. Cato's brother-in-law, the
2143:
A significant number of senators opposed any concessions to Caesar, but many also mistrusted Pompey, who has been criticised for "weak and ineffectual leadership" in this period. On 1 January 49 BC, Caesar sent an ultimatum demanding acceptance of his compromise, failing which he would march on Rome
2103:
As consul, Pompey helped enact legislation which some historians view as crucial to understanding the drift to war in 49 BC. Accused of using violence during his consulship in 59 BC, Caesar had previously been shielded by his proconsular immunity. With private support from Pompey, new laws made such
932:
By the end of 82 BC, Sulla had expelled his opponents from Italy, and engineered his nomination as
Dictator by the Senate. Either through admiration of his abilities, or concern at his ambition, Sulla sought to consolidate his alliance with Pompey by persuading him to divorce Antistia, and marry his
1429:
against their enemy. As his chief opponent had lost most of his Roman legionaries and could no longer match him in the field, Pompey, along with
Metellus, gained the upper hand, conquering more and more Sertorian cities, slowly grinding down Sertorius' revolt. By now, Sertorius was being undermined
2449:
Pompey's military glory was second to none for two decades, yet his skills were occasionally criticized by some of his contemporaries. Sertorius or
Lucullus, for instance, were especially critical. Pompey's tactics were usually efficient, albeit not particularly innovative or imaginative, and they
2369:
One suggestion is that
Ptolemy and his advisors feared Pompey planned to seize control of Egypt, especially since many Egyptian army officers were Roman mercenaries like Septimius who had previously served with him. At the same time, it seemed an easy way to win Caesar's support against Cleopatra,
1551:
Pompey spread his forces throughout the
Mediterranean to prevent the pirates escaping a Roman fleet by moving elsewhere. Fifteen legates were given specific areas to patrol, while he secured the grain route to Rome. These measures won him control of the western Mediterranean in just 40 days, after
2465:
Against Caesar too, his strategy was sound. During the campaign in Greece, he managed to regain the initiative, join his forces to that of
Metellus Scipio (something that Caesar wanted to avoid) and trap his enemy. His strategic position was hence much better than that of Caesar and he could have
1959:
sought his endorsement for the consulship in 59 BC. A skilled, unscrupulous, and ambitious politician, an alliance allowed Caesar to harness Pompey's influence with the urban electorate. With additional support from
Crassus, Caesar became one of the two consuls for 59 BC, the other being the
1141:
in
January 77 BC. When the Senate ordered him back to Rome, Lepidus refused to comply unless granted another term as consul, a proposal that was rapidly rejected. Assembling an army, he began marching on Rome; the Senate responded with a series of measures, one of which was to appoint Pompey to a
1413:
late in the year, where he repaired the walls to lure his opponents into a siege, while forming garrisons from other towns into a new field army. Once this was ready, he escaped from Clunia and used it to disrupt Roman logistics on land and by sea. Lack of supplies forced Metellus to quarter his
2453:
On the other hand, Pompey is usually considered an outstanding strategist and organizer, who could win campaigns without displaying genius on the battlefield, but simply by constantly outmaneuvering his opponents and gradually pushing them into a desperate situation. Pompey was a great forward
1199:
as well. Backed by his allies in the Senate, Pompey was appointed military commander in Spain with proconsular authority in order to defeat Sertorius. This act was technically illegal as he had yet to hold public office, illustrating Pompey's preference for military glory, and disregard for
1510:
Pirates operated throughout the Mediterranean, while their fleets often formed temporary alliances with enemies of Rome, including Sertorius and Mithridates. Their power and range had increased over the past fifty years, partly because of the decline of traditional naval powers like
1910:, plus an additional payment of 480 million sesterces to the treasury. He refused to provide details of his personal fortune, but given the amounts declared publicly, this must have been enormous. Some of it was used to build one of the most famous structures of Ancient Rome, the
925:, fierce enemies of Sulla, who had campaigned against them in the Social War. Pursued by Pompey they united their forces and made for Praeneste. Unable to break through Sulla's blockade, they marched for undefended Rome, only to be caught just in time and defeated by Sulla at the
2056:. With this in mind, Pompey set aside his differences with Crassus to promote their joint candidature as consuls for 55 BC. With Caesar's support, they were duly elected after prolonged periods of the violence which had become a feature of Roman political campaigns.
2080:
In 54 BC, Caesar continued his conquest of Gaul, Crassus opened his campaign against the Parthians, and Pompey remained in Rome, where his wife Julia died in child birth in September. Contemporary sources suggest that combined with the death of Crassus and his son
1749:, which were incorporated into a new Roman province. In the process, he acquired large amounts of money and prestige, as well as criticism from his opponents in Rome, who argued doing so exceeded his authority. Meanwhile, an ageing Mithridates had been cornered in
1515:, while previous attempts to subdue them had been unsuccessful. However, Romans routinely referred to their opponents as "pirates" or "brigands", and some historians argue it is more accurate to see them as a conventional enemy, rather than disorganised outlaws.
1153:, who surrendered after a lengthy siege, and was assassinated next day, allegedly on Pompey's orders. Catulus then defeated Lepidus outside Rome, while Pompey marched against his rear, catching him near Cosa. Lepidus and the remnants of his army retreated to
1011:
On returning to Rome, he asked for a triumph to celebrate his victories, an unprecedented demand for someone so young. Pompey refused to disband his army until Sulla agreed, although the latter tried to offset the impact by awarding simultaneous triumphs to
1675:, whom he persuaded to invade Armenia. When Mithridates offered a truce, Lucullus argued the war was over, but Pompey demanded concessions which could not be accepted. Outnumbered, Mithridates withdrew into Armenia, followed by Pompey, who defeated him at
1483:
suggests Pompey supported Crassus as his co-consul in order to put him under an obligation. The two men were elected consuls for 70 BC, but allegedly differed on almost every measure, rendering their term "politically barren and without achievement."
1430:
by internal divisions. Discontent in Sertorius' coalition of Iberian and Roman forces came to a head in 72 or 73 BC when Perperna, leading a conspiracy with other prominent Sertorians, had Sertorius assassinated and assumed control of the rebel army.
1978:. Pompey's influence was based on his reputation as a military commander, and popularity with the Roman people. Crassus' wealth allowed him to construct extensive patronage networks, but he lacked the military clout essential for political success in the
1491:
recover powers removed by Sulla. One of the most significant was the ability to veto Senatorial bills, an act often seen as a turning point in the politics of the late Republic. Although popular with the people, the measure must have been opposed by the
1880:, previously a centre of piracy, along with other inland areas and reorganised into six parts. These actions significantly increased Roman state income and presented Pompey with multiple opportunities to increase his personal wealth and patronage base.
2458:
Sertorius. Despite an abysmal first year of the war for Pompey in 76 BC, he continued to campaign vigorously and as a result defeated many of Sertorius' subordinates. After Sertorius' army was greatly diminished, Pompey then decided to conduct a
2454:
planner, and had tremendous organizational skill, which allowed him to devise grand strategies and operate effectively with large armies. During his campaigns in the east, he relentlessly pursued his enemies, choosing the ground for his battles.
1453:. Pompey returned to Italy just before Crassus defeated the main rebel army in 71 BC, arriving in time to massacre 6,000 fugitives from the battle. His claim to have ended the war by doing so was a long-standing source of resentment for Crassus.
961:. Perperna abandoned Sicily after Pompey landed on the island with a large force, while Carbo was captured and later executed. Pompey claimed this was justified by Carbo's alleged crimes against Roman citizens, but his opponents nicknamed him
2038:. Although Clodius succeeded in having Cicero exiled, he was recalled to Rome by Pompey eighteen months later in 58 BC. As a result, when shortages of grain caused popular unrest in 57 BC, a grateful Cicero backed Pompey's appointment as
1757:. An attempt to commit suicide by taking poison allegedly failed due to his habit of taking "precautionary antidotes", and he was killed by the rebels. Pharnaces sent his embalmed body to Pompey, in return for which he was granted the
1741:
enabled him to impose terms on the Albanians and agree truces with other tribes on the northern side of the Caucasus. Pompey then wintered in Armenia, settling minor border contests and raids between his allies Phraates and Tigranes.
1132:
as consul for 78 BC; Plutarch claims he did so against Sulla's advice, but most modern historians refute the idea. When Sulla died in 78 BC, Lepidus sought to block his state funeral and roll back some of Sulla's laws, then became
1666:
Incensed at being replaced, Lucullus called Pompey a "vulture" who profited from the work of others, a reference both to his new command and claim to have finished the war against Spartacus. Pompey agreed an alliance with
2243:, where the two armies remained until spring. Neither commander was anxious to begin hostilities, since Caesar was too weak militarily, while as with Mithridates, Pompey preferred to starve his opponent into submission.
2000:
Once elected, Caesar secured the passage of a new agrarian bill, helped by Pompey's veterans, who filled the streets of Rome and allegedly intimidated the Senate. When Bibulus opposed the measure, he was attacked in the
2466:
starved Caesar's army to death. However, he was finally compelled to fight an open battle by his allies, and his conventional tactics proved no match to those of Caesar (who also commanded the more experienced troops).
856:
At some point in 83 BC, it is not clear when but definitely before the onset of winter, Sulla sent Pompey back to Picenum to raise more troops. When fighting broke out once more in 82 Sulla advanced towards Rome, while
1215:
and entered the Iberian peninsula, where he would remain for the next five years. His arrival boosted the morale of Metellus' troops, while some rebels changed sides, but soon after he was defeated by Sertorius at the
1422:. Dire straits caused by this stretch of the campaign and Sertorius' guerrilla warfare led Pompey to write a letter to the Senate asking for funds and men, and scolding their lack of support for him and Metellus.
2474:
Pompey was so striking a figure, and his fall so dramatic, that his story became the subject of frequent literary treatment. In the century after his death, the civil war between himself and Caesar was retold in
2311:, but failed to tempt Pompey into giving battle. Although it was later claimed Pompey only did so after being pressured by his subordinates, the delay may simply have been a reflection of his natural caution.
2136:, the celebrations that followed his recovery allegedly convinced Pompey his popularity was sufficient to see off any opponent. In December, Caesar crossed the Alps with a single veteran legion and arrived at
2051:
with Caesar to resolve these issues. Although Crassus was a long-standing rival, there are also indications Pompey felt his status as the foremost soldier of the Republic was threatened by Caesar's success in
1630:. Lucullus was a skilled general who won numerous victories, but claims he was protracting the war for "power and wealth" led to a Senate investigation, while by 69 BC his troops were weary and mutinous.
1722:, whose father quickly came to terms; in return for the restoration of Armenian territories taken by Lucullus, he paid a substantial cash indemnity and allowed Roman troops to be based on his territory.
2132:
who saw Caesar as a danger that had to be eliminated. Rejection made open conflict more likely, and the Senate agreed to fund a consular army, organised by Pompey. When he fell ill while recruiting in
906:
where Carbo's consular colleague, Marius the Younger (who was the figurehead of the struggle against Sulla), was blockaded. It was the failure of these attempts to get through the Sullan blockade in
1479:
Pompey was granted a second triumph for his victory in Hispania, and nominated for the consulship. Since he was both too young and technically ineligible, this required a special senatorial decree.
2110:. To avoid this, he had secured approval to stand for the consulship in 48 BC while still in Gaul, but another law backed by Pompey required electoral candidates to be physically present in Rome.
2096:
Bibulus proposed Pompey be elected sole consul, an unprecedented act backed by both Cato and the tribunate. Having restored order, Pompey married Cornelia, widow of Publius Crassus and daughter of
4806:
4804:
4802:
4800:
2144:"to avenge his country's wrongs". Confident their forces significantly outnumbered those available to Caesar, on 7 January the Senate declared him a public enemy; four days later, he crossed the
1967:. This meant Caesar could help pass legislation sponsored by Pompey and Crassus, while it was in his interest to keep them aligned, an important factor given the rivalry between his two patrons.
917:
At the end of the campaigning season of 82, the government forces made one final effort to march to the relief of Praeneste. They mustered 10,000 legionaries and marched to join forces with the
2616:
crime fiction novels, where he brushes shoulders with Gordianus, the main protagonist of the series. Another fiction series in which Pompey plays a part in the historical background is
528:
1406:, where Pompey lost 6,000 men, including his brother-in-law Memmius, reputedly his most effective subordinate. Sertorius himself suffered 3,000 casualties, one of whom was Hirtuleius.
2489:
after the culminating battle. In the poem's final sections, however, Pompey's vengeful ghost returns to possess those responsible for his murder in Egypt and bring about their death.
2060:
in Gaul were extended. All three men were given these positions for a period of five years, as well as the right to levy troops and "make peace and war with whomsoever they pleased."
1641:
received Bithynia. He also assumed leadership of the war against Mithridates, but failed to respond decisively when the latter re-occupied much of Pontus in 67 BC, then attacked
2293:
at Asparagium, but the latter refused. The next day Caesar outmaneuvred Pompey and marched for Dyrrachium again. When Pompey arrived at the city Caesar had already set up camp.
1563:
Most of his opponents surrendered without fighting, thanks to Pompey's reputation for clemency. They were granted lands in cities devastated during the Mithridatic War, notably
2335:, where he was reunited with his wife Cornelia. Most of his Eastern allies were present at Pharsalus, and had either been killed or captured. The main absentee was 14-year-old
2904:
he received in 62; the globe in the center is a copy of the one paraded during the third triumph; the aplustre on the lower left alludes to his victory against the pirates
2839:
had remained virtually neutral during the war, but now decided to throw their lot in with the Roman government – their hatred for Sulla probably being the deciding factor.
6341:
1425:
Pompey's letter had the effect of galvanizing the Senate into sending him more men and funds. Reinforced by two more legions, in 74 BC he and Metellus began a
2343:, making it an obvious destination. Cato announced his intention to continue the war from Africa, although most of his senatorial colleagues, including Cicero and
8326:
2606:, Pompey is mainly featured in Books III-V, covering his rise to prominence through to his betrayal and murder in Egypt. Pompey is also a recurring character in
521:
8316:
1783:
in 64 BC, but its dissolution destabilised the region, while many of its cities had used the power vacuum to achieve independence. In early 63 BC, Pompey left
2303:
At this point Metellus Scipio arrived in Thessaly. Caesar moved south to confront this threat and link up with Domitius Calvinus, allowing his men to sack
2113:
Although the two continued to co-operate in public, Pompey clearly viewed his colleague as a threat, as did much of the Senate. Both consuls for 50 BC,
2668:
82 BC – Divorce by Antistia and marriage to Aemilia at the behest of Sulla, but Aemilia is already pregnant and eventually dies during childbirth;
2587:
of 1910, covering the period from his decision to fight Caesar to his assassination in Egypt. The play was later filmed for television in 1950 for the
891:, defeating them and plundering the town. While Metellus remained in the north-west, Pompey seems to have transferred to Sulla's command in the south.
514:
2565:'s "The Vale of Tempe" records the fugitive's desperate appearance as glimpsed by a bystander in the Greek valley; his arrival in Egypt is related by
758:
in 89 BC, and acquired a reputation for greed, political duplicity, and military ruthlessness. Pompey began his career serving with his father in the
4934:
2848:
Six legions and a navy of 120 warships and 800 transport ships. Both men and ships were immediately available: the men and ships from Sulla's armies
2665:
83–82 BC – Fights for Sulla during the war in Italy. First as cavalry commander then joint-commands and finally commanding an independent army.
620:
A member of the senatorial nobility, Pompey entered into a military career while still young. He rose to prominence serving Sulla as a commander in
2005:, and spent the rest of his consulship under virtual house arrest. Caesar then ensured ratification of Pompey's settlements in the east, while the
2366:, a Roman officer and former colleague serving in the Egyptian army. His body was cremated by two servants, while the head was kept as evidence.
777:; as his legal heir, Pompey was held responsible for the alleged crime and put on trial. He was acquitted, supposedly after agreeing to marry the
9441:
9436:
8563:
2923:
1552:
which his fleets moved to the east, forcing the pirates back to their bases in Cilicia. Pompey led the decisive assault on their stronghold in
1203:
Pompey recruited 30,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry, evidence of the threat posed by Sertorius. En route to Hispania, he subdued a rebellion in
2265:
Caesar, his army now united with Antony's force, redeployed his forces by sending one-and-a-half legion to win support and gather supplies in
5062:
2097:
773:, although sources differ on whether he succumbed to disease, or was murdered by his own soldiers. Prior to his death, Strabo was accused of
9035:
8452:
1917:
However, the Senate then refused to ratify the treaties agreed by Pompey as part of his settlement of the East. Opposition was led by the
2296:
Caesar lacked the siege equipment needed to take Dyrrhachium, and could not risk leaving Pompey to threaten his rear. He solved this by
1382:
In 75 BC, Sertorius led the campaign against Metellus, while Pompey defeated his subordinates Perperna and Gaius Herennius outside
634:(the required steps to advance in a political career). He was elected as consul on three occasions (70, 55, 52 BC). He celebrated three
9283:
6005:
4981:
2899:
2186:
2082:
5109:"Robert Harris | 'Cicero had very good relations with Caesar but he was absolutely delighted to see him murdered before his own eyes'"
8666:
5024:
2569:
in "The Death of Pompey the Great", and the ruined column raised to mark the site of his killing outside Alexandria is described by
2315:
which fled in confusion, exposing the infantry behind them. Under pressure from the left and in front, the Pompeian army collapsed.
1463:
minted by Pompey for his second triumph in 71 BC, featuring the head of Africa on the obverse (celebrating his victory against
9293:
6086:
1893:
977:
954:
282:
9491:
4049:. The Loeb Classical Library (in English and Greek). Vol. 3. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 127 (book XXXVII).
1702:
According to contemporary sources, Mithridates and a small contingent escaped the battle, outstripped their pursuers, and reached
9506:
8782:
5979:
2118:
1603:
2370:
although ultimately this proved not to be the case. Pompey's head was later returned to Cornelia for burial at his villa in the
1663:
were privately horrified that one man should hold so much influence, but fearful of his popularity allowed the measure to pass.
9431:
6465:
6074:
6009:
2693:
2410:
2282:
2122:
2114:
1985:
1468:
1129:
1013:
207:
1857:, a league of semi-autonomous cities (see map). Both Judea and the League were made subordinate to the new province of Syria.
9426:
8868:
5975:
5602:
5359:
1638:
1017:
80:
4918:
9496:
9481:
9451:
9421:
9194:
7234:
6211:
4950:
2701:
1906:
Pompey claimed the new provinces established in the East had increased annual state income from 200 million to 340 million
1537:
1505:
1150:
804:
4966:
1841:, in which Pompey backed Hyrcanus II over his brother Aristobulus II. When he compelled the latter to surrender
1745:
Relying on his naval blockade to wear down Mithridates, Pompey spent 64 BC annexing the independent and wealthy cities of
9501:
8107:
7337:
7132:
6902:
6497:
6308:
5965:
2398:
2092:
Consular elections in 52 BC had to be suspended due to widespread violence. Seeking to end his alliance with Caesar, the
1545:
1532:
172:
5804:
Tröster, Manuel (2009). "Roman Hegemony and Non-State Violence: A Fresh Look at Pompey's Campaign against the Pirates".
2808:
49 BC – Caesar crosses the Rubicon river and invades Italy, while Pompey retreats to Greece with the conservatives;
1655:, giving him extensive powers throughout Asia Minor in order to defeat Mithridates, in addition to those granted by the
8336:
8137:
6616:
5888:
5773:
5696:
5640:
5579:
5560:
5493:
5474:
5435:
5416:
5397:
5378:
5271:
5252:
5233:
5214:
1634:
1119:
410:
875:, in a six-hour battle at the river Aesis, only to be blockaded by Carbo himself. When word of Sulla's victory at the
9471:
9446:
7251:
6997:
6773:
5621:
5330:
5039:
2696:, who openly revolts against the Senate a few months later. Pompey suppresses the rebellion with an army raised from
1853:, then looted. Judea became a client kingdom ruled by Hyrcanus, while its northern section was incorporated into the
914:, added to Metellus's success in winning control of the north, which broke the back of the government's resistance.
884:
586:
2289:, making sure no more reinforcements and supplies would reach Caesar from Italy. Caesar tried to lure Pompey into a
9220:
9042:
8346:
7734:
7332:
7274:
6148:
6116:
6065:
6030:
5986:
5944:
2913:
A Roman talent was roughly 32 kilograms of gold, making this distribution worth over $ 32 billion using 2023 prices
2104:
prosecutions retrospective, which meant Caesar would probably be put on trial the moment he left Gaul and lost his
1925:
1145:
While Lepidus continued south, Pompey raised troops from among his veterans in Picenum, and moved north to besiege
696:. Pompey and Caesar then began contending for leadership of the Roman state in its entirety, eventually leading to
38:
2986:
these numbers refer to legionaries and do not include the light-armed troops provided by allied rulers and nations
9324:
7296:
7279:
6560:
5933:
5108:
2583:
2401:. When they married in 82 BC, Aemilia was pregnant by her former husband and died in childbirth in the same year.
858:
686:. After the deaths of Julia and Crassus (in 54 and 53 BC), Pompey switched to the political faction known as the
17:
2777:
55 BC – Second consulship (with Marcus Licinius Crassus), and the Theater of Pompey is finally inaugurated;
9466:
8751:
8578:
8573:
8546:
8406:
7724:
6321:
6153:
6023:
4883:
4858:
2200:
Pompey had abandoned Rome, ordering all senators and public officials to accompany him as he withdrew south to
1770:
1627:
1496:, and thus passing it required support from both consuls, although most extant sources barely mention Crassus.
1042:
872:
445:
8112:
9121:
8759:
8593:
8588:
8465:
8457:
8426:
8117:
7819:
6358:
6275:
2558:
2336:
2297:
2236:
2068:
2811:
48 BC – Caesar defeats Pompey's army near Pharsalus, Greece. Pompey retreats to Egypt and is killed at
2219:
Despite this, in January 48 BC Caesar managed to cross the Adriatic with seven legions and land in southern
887:, another of Carbo's lieutenants, Pompey's cavalry caught Censorinus's fleeing troops outside their base at
9486:
9007:
8888:
8082:
7258:
7221:
7022:
5318:
2791:, but has a third ordinary consulship with Metellus Scipio for the rest of the year, marrying his daughter
1979:
1865:
1726:
1373:
1021:
344:
8481:
1888:
74:
8650:
8296:
7889:
2246:
2128:
This was a clever move, since it was popular with those who wanted to avoid war, but unacceptable to the
1445:
During Pompey's absence, Marcus Licinius Crassus was charged with suppressing the slave rebellion led by
1226:
4903:
9456:
9334:
8723:
8537:
8291:
7397:
7291:
7032:
6845:
6822:
6662:
6444:
6252:
6196:
2936:
2768:
2760:
2427:
2012:
1850:
1403:
926:
799:, an opportunity to amass enormous wealth. During his absence in the East, his political rivals led by
1398:, in which Sertorius defeated Pompey's right flank and nearly captured Pompey himself, but his legate
9476:
9063:
8795:
8772:
8473:
8371:
8286:
8281:
7679:
7014:
6813:
6704:
6690:
6503:
6429:
6421:
2926:, previously one of Pompey's main supporters, although the Metelli had their own political ambitions.
2644:
2392:
2383:
2023:
in 58 BC. His alliance with Pompey was strengthened when the latter married Caesar's daughter Julia.
1964:
861:(one of his lieutenants), supported by Pompey, campaigned against the consul Gaius Papirius Carbo in
782:
759:
262:
166:
7639:
9319:
8767:
8675:
8656:
8606:
8520:
8102:
7244:
6434:
6186:
6158:
6019:
2659:
2617:
2589:
2434:. They married in 59 BC and she died in childbirth in 54 BC. The child died a few days after birth.
2274:
2047:
Pompey and Crassus were competing for command of a new expedition to Asia Minor, and in 56 BC they
1931:
1607:
1399:
1383:
958:
808:
425:
8626:
9344:
9329:
9226:
8683:
8616:
8366:
8341:
8301:
8198:
7904:
7229:
6737:
6715:
6163:
6082:
5996:
5953:
5937:
2738:
2035:
2031:
1944:
1176:
1004:, a figure much admired by the Romans. Shortly thereafter, Pompey formally made this part of his
981:
946:
725:
671:
477:
34:
7749:
7494:
5089:
9461:
9411:
9106:
9049:
8646:
8583:
8411:
8356:
8311:
8306:
8276:
8087:
6911:
6746:
6609:
6491:
2965:
2781:
2774:
58–55 BC – Governs Hispania Ulterior by proxy, while the Theater of Pompey is constructed;
1868:
was restored to his throne, while Lesser Armenia was taken from Tigranes and incorporated into
1792:
1754:
1729:
various local tribes and allies of Mithridrates. After winning a series of battles, he reached
1687:
1615:
800:
792:
737:
683:
380:
230:
184:
4997:
2898:
The three wreaths on the reverse refer to the three triumphs of Pompey; the top wreath is the
2358:
in Egypt, where Ptolemy was engaged in a bitter civil war with his co-ruler and elder sister,
9416:
9199:
9189:
9084:
8823:
8489:
8401:
8386:
8127:
7879:
7839:
7809:
7754:
7744:
7554:
7514:
7327:
7147:
7117:
7092:
6990:
6334:
6262:
6242:
6229:
2655:
2157:
2027:
1989:
1610:, and commander in the Third Mithridatic War. The war began in 74 BC, when the last ruler of
1589:
876:
796:
697:
647:
440:
297:
292:
2805:
50 BC – Falls dangerously ill with fever in Campania, but is saved "by public prayers";
2030:, a long-standing Pompeian ally. Despite this, the latter supported the populist politician
1899:
Before his return to Italy in 62 BC, Pompey paid his troops bonuses totalling around 16,000
1409:
Although Metellus defeated Perperna in a separate battle, Sertorius was able to withdraw to
9077:
8736:
8528:
8497:
8444:
8351:
8271:
8170:
7654:
7484:
7479:
7317:
7164:
7075:
7070:
7027:
6768:
6327:
6219:
6140:
6109:
2705:
2344:
2089:
in May 53 BC, this removed any obstacle to direct confrontation between Caesar and Pompey.
1900:
1719:
1557:
1472:
828:
816:
621:
267:
7764:
7634:
937:
claims she was already pregnant by her former husband, and died in childbirth soon after.
553:; 29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as
8:
9138:
8983:
8893:
8741:
8515:
8416:
8226:
7499:
7387:
7286:
7085:
6695:
6546:
6301:
6280:
6270:
6237:
2542:
2259:
2228:
1861:
1838:
1676:
1001:
701:
660:
624:. Pompey's success as a general while young enabled him to advance directly to his first
340:
287:
7474:
7392:
7362:
5446:
9298:
9288:
9255:
9000:
8908:
8863:
8853:
8746:
8710:
8701:
8631:
8568:
8502:
8381:
8331:
8321:
7849:
7834:
7699:
7684:
7604:
7544:
7509:
6932:
6247:
5961:
5850:
5829:
5821:
5792:
5752:
5744:
5715:
5675:
5667:
5539:
5531:
5306:
5298:
2597:
2374:, while his ignominious death prompted Cicero to write "his life outlasted his power".
2040:
2016:
1864:, with the rest of Mithridates' territories distributed among Roman allies. Elsewhere,
1738:
1711:
1623:
1204:
1025:
455:
450:
7919:
4853:(Revised ed.). Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 1996. p. 731.
2516:. Later in France, Pompey's story was told without the character appearing onstage in
2496:
Britain, too, several plays returned to the subject of "Caesar and Pompey", including
2407:. They married in 79 BC and divorced in 61 BC. By her he had two sons and a daughter:
9233:
9168:
9028:
8968:
8963:
8858:
8813:
8718:
8611:
8598:
8555:
8396:
8219:
8044:
8039:
8019:
7859:
7799:
7714:
7649:
7469:
6889:
6872:
6854:
6655:
6602:
6539:
6368:
6363:
5884:
5833:
5769:
5756:
5692:
5679:
5636:
5617:
5598:
5575:
5556:
5543:
5523:
5489:
5470:
5431:
5412:
5393:
5374:
5355:
5336:
5326:
5310:
5267:
5248:
5229:
5210:
4879:
4854:
4050:
2747:
66–61 BC – Defeats King Mithridates of Pontus, ending the Third Mithridatic War;
2727:
2562:
2529:
2340:
2086:
1971:
1936:
1911:
1837:
and Pompey wanting to bring a stop to it. The initial onslaught was disrupted by the
1734:
1691:
1619:
1450:
1426:
1391:
1387:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1172:
1020:. Sometime during this period, Pompey married Mucia Tertia, a member of the powerful
968:
778:
768:
679:
643:
502:
435:
277:
2596:
Pompey's career is recapitulated a century later in series of historical novels. In
1733:
and linked up with Servilius, admiral of his Euxine fleet, before a fresh revolt in
9349:
9148:
9070:
9056:
8943:
8923:
8818:
8661:
8621:
8439:
8421:
8376:
8233:
8205:
8163:
8009:
7994:
7959:
7944:
7924:
7909:
7844:
7814:
7774:
7659:
7624:
7609:
7194:
7102:
6983:
6942:
6831:
6764:
6711:
6449:
6201:
6181:
5813:
5736:
5727:
Rosenblitt, Alison (2014). "The Turning Tide: The Politics of the Year 79 B.C.E.".
5659:
5515:
5290:
2792:
2570:
2517:
2459:
2437:
2363:
1921:
1876:
becoming ruler of the new kingdom. Finally, Cilicia received the coastal region of
1758:
1526:, Rome's port, and kidnapped two senators, to general outrage. Prompted by Pompey,
1488:
1456:
1434:
1386:. When Sertorius took over operations against Pompey, Metellus defeated his deputy
1217:
1138:
560:
385:
190:
5883:
Southern, P., Pompey the Great: Caesar's Friend and Foe, The History Press, 2003;
4878:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 247–248.
9406:
9385:
9339:
9303:
9278:
9101:
9021:
9014:
8933:
8928:
8898:
8883:
8848:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8679:
8184:
8024:
7979:
7974:
7954:
7829:
7804:
7779:
7459:
7454:
7407:
7377:
7204:
7122:
7080:
7065:
6670:
6582:
6373:
6191:
6102:
6050:
5871:
The Reputation of Cn. Pompeius Magnus among His Contemporaries from 83 to 59 B.C.
5650:
Mitchell, Thomas (1973). "Cicero, Pompey and the Rise of the First Triumvirate".
5349:
5195:
5013:
2961:
2602:
2554:
2304:
2278:
2048:
1776:
1402:
defeated the Sertorian right. Sertorius withdrew inland, then turned to fight at
1395:
976:
Pompey now sailed for Africa, leaving Sicily in the hands of his brother-in-law,
929:. Pompey, who was pursuing the government forces, arrived just after the battle.
705:
650:, and in various other military campaigns. Pompey's early success earned him the
400:
7719:
1191:
and repeatedly defeated Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius through skillful use of
8918:
8507:
8132:
8014:
7939:
7914:
7874:
7589:
7549:
7504:
7449:
7444:
7127:
7047:
7042:
7037:
6893:
6800:
6732:
6641:
6532:
6394:
2949:
2578:
2513:
2497:
2290:
2194:
1830:
1646:
1564:
1527:
1512:
1464:
996:
to the Numidian throne. Around this time, his troops began referring to him as
989:
862:
750:
744:
in Picenum, Strabo was the first of his branch to achieve senatorial status in
630:
607:
599:
549:
492:
461:
348:
133:
8913:
5817:
5663:
5519:
5294:
2561:'s "Flora to Pompey". He also figures in narrative poems of the 19th century.
1718:, who later committed suicide. Meanwhile, Pompey invaded Armenia supported by
1195:. Sertorius defeated other Roman generals sent to oust him and soon conquered
1183:, where he was joined by other Roman exiles like Perperna. Supported by local
606:. Early in his career, he was a partisan and protégé of the Roman general and
602:. He played a significant role in the transformation of Rome from republic to
9400:
9374:
9158:
8878:
8873:
8833:
8142:
8097:
8077:
8049:
7934:
7884:
7864:
7784:
7629:
7584:
7539:
7434:
7357:
7322:
7174:
6927:
6885:
6699:
6475:
6470:
6173:
5594:
5527:
5503:
5264:
Warfare in the Roman Republic: from the Etruscan Wars to the Battle of Actium
4054:
2764:
2709:
2612:
2607:
2547:
2537:
2431:
2420:
2415:
2359:
2240:
2034:
in an attack on Cicero for executing Roman citizens without trial during the
1956:
1940:
1846:
1796:
1788:
1730:
1212:
1208:
1166:
1033:
1029:
950:
675:
639:
635:
614:
467:
420:
311:
272:
217:
212:
123:
2362:. When he went ashore to greet an official delegation, Pompey was killed by
2100:, whom he appointed as his colleague for the last five months of the year.
9238:
9163:
8953:
8903:
8843:
8838:
8828:
8434:
8361:
8240:
8191:
8177:
8092:
8054:
8029:
7984:
7969:
7949:
7869:
7769:
7759:
7709:
7704:
7694:
7674:
7664:
7579:
7439:
7347:
7239:
7154:
7107:
6947:
6907:
6858:
6840:
6553:
6439:
6399:
5340:
4097:
2682:
2672:
2566:
2404:
2239:
the attempt, and establish a fortified camp on the other side of the River
2174:
1970:
Despite appearing to be the most junior, Caesar thus became central to the
1750:
1668:
1523:
895:
883:, severely harassed by Pompey's cavalry. Some time later Metellus defeated
834:
812:
789:
774:
755:
741:
709:
693:
625:
603:
240:
178:
152:
7899:
5740:
5706:
Ramsey, John (2016). "How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?".
5047:
2166:
2072:
The Roman Empire and satellite states, prior to the outbreak of civil war
1575:. These communities retained a strong attachment to both Rome and Pompey.
833:
In the year prior to Sulla's return Pompey had raised and equipped a full
9153:
9128:
9116:
8978:
7964:
7894:
7689:
7669:
7619:
7534:
7524:
7301:
6937:
6818:
6755:
6750:
6315:
6036:
4042:
2788:
2493:
2371:
2323:
2258:
finally managed to cross the Adriatic with four more legions and land at
2255:
2232:
2209:
2053:
2020:
2007:
2002:
1826:
1780:
1746:
1651:
993:
487:
360:
5854:
5825:
5748:
5719:
1825:, was occasioned on account of its inhabitants, under the leadership of
1682:
1594:
1578:
9250:
9184:
8948:
8808:
8728:
8671:
8391:
8072:
8034:
7999:
7794:
7614:
7594:
7564:
7559:
7519:
7464:
7402:
7382:
7367:
7179:
7137:
6686:
5796:
2862:
2726:
71 BC – Returns to Italy and participates in the suppression of a
2686:
2505:
2285:, Pompey's oldest son, managed to destroy Caesar's fleet at Oricum and
1907:
1642:
903:
888:
5671:
5535:
5302:
2395:. They married in 86 BC and divorced in 82 BC. By her he had no issue.
9133:
8212:
7824:
7729:
7599:
7569:
7142:
7097:
6809:
6728:
6525:
2731:
2720:
2485:
2190:
2019:
after its governor died in office, before leaving Rome to launch the
1877:
1873:
1854:
1842:
1834:
1814:
1707:
1446:
1134:
922:
865:. During this campaign Pompey acted as Metellus's cavalry commander.
850:
688:
395:
6594:
5878:
Appearance and Reality. A Study of the Clientele of Pompey the Great
4095:, pp. 449–451, though he only links the aplustre with Pompey's
1806:
1725:
In 65 BC, Pompey set out to take Colchis, but to do so had first to
788:
One of the main issues at stake in 87 BC was the appointment of the
9111:
8958:
8938:
8803:
7789:
7739:
7644:
7529:
7112:
6898:
6804:
6791:
6782:
6777:
6626:
6389:
2964:, a small port north of Dyrrhachium, roughly on the site of modern
2883:
2858:
2812:
2716:
2355:
2332:
2270:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2106:
1800:
1715:
1611:
1606:, formerly one of Sulla's chief lieutenants, was made proconsul of
1572:
1480:
1467:). The reverse shows Pompey in his triumphal chariot, with his son
1184:
1180:
1154:
1005:
934:
918:
846:
842:
765:
Strabo died in 87 BC during the short-lived civil war known as the
651:
482:
365:
111:
5071:
Collection de l'Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité
2744:
67 BC – Defeats the pirates and goes to the province of Asia;
2286:
1433:
Pompey engaged Perperna in battle and defeated him swiftly at the
8247:
7854:
7189:
7169:
6881:
6876:
6867:
6863:
6827:
6648:
5371:
Cato the Younger: Life and death at the end of the Roman Republic
2887:
2879:
2875:
2836:
2832:
2697:
2634:
2308:
2266:
2220:
2145:
2137:
1974:, an informal political alliance designed to counter-balance the
1955:
opposition on his own, the situation changed when Marius' nephew
1869:
1784:
1703:
1672:
1519:
1419:
985:
911:
899:
869:
838:
733:
613:; later, he became the political ally, and finally the enemy, of
405:
94:
45:
5146:
2948:
Now in Northern Italy, Ravenna was then a federated ally of the
1645:, a Roman ally. Seeing an opportunity, in 66 BC Pompey used the
1149:, capital of Cisalpine Gaul. The town was held by Lepidus' ally
736:
on 29 September 106 BC, eldest son of a provincial noble called
9245:
9143:
8004:
7489:
7184:
7159:
7006:
6759:
6741:
6404:
2621:
2351:
2307:
en route. Pursued by Pompey, he then withdrew to the area near
2224:
2133:
1860:
Other organisational changes included creating the province of
1695:
1553:
1460:
1410:
1146:
1024:
family. They had three children before their divorce in 61 BC;
907:
880:
655:
497:
390:
375:
370:
49:
8263:
5281:
Collins, H.P. (1953). "Decline and Fall of Pompey the Great".
5136:
5134:
2939:
wrote "Pompey could not brook an equal, or Caesar a superior."
2798:
51 BC – Forbids Caesar (in Gaul) to stand for consulship
2339:, ruler of the wealthy and strategically important kingdom of
720:
8973:
7989:
7929:
7372:
7199:
6849:
6795:
6786:
6719:
2750:
64–63 BC – Marches through Syria, the Levant, and Judea;
2651:
2553:
Later in the 18th century, Pompey is made the recipient of a
2476:
2193:, and his 13,000 men incorporated into Caesar's army. Led by
1822:
1810:
1541:
610:
4518:
4516:
3286:
2922:
The divorce may also have been a factor in the defection of
2643:
89 BC – Serves under his father at Asculum (during the
7574:
6723:
5783:
Stanton, John (2003). "Why Did Caesar Cross the Rubicon?".
5131:
5119:
5063:"Historical Fiction and Ancient Rome: Colleen McCullough's
4450:
4302:
4275:
3641:
3492:
3444:
2510:
Cornelia, or Pompey the Great, his faire Cornelia's tragedy
1883:
1614:
died and left his kingdom to Rome, sparking an invasion by
1568:
1415:
745:
578:
4378:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4292:
4290:
3358:
2874:
These were Cilicia Aspera, Cilicia Campestris, Pamphylia,
2678:
81 BC – Returns to Rome and celebrates first triumph;
1996:
opposition to the triumvirate who became an ally of Pompey
1377:
Sertorian War in Spain; key locations mentioned in article
945:
The surviving Marians escaped to Sicily, where their ally
569:
6975:
6094:
5197:
A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions
4641:
4605:
4540:
4513:
4489:
4227:
3874:
3589:
3587:
3035:
2627:
2354:
with a small fleet, and on 28 September 48 BC arrived at
4730:
4728:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4479:
4477:
4074:
3695:
3658:
3656:
3054:
3052:
3050:
2331:
Pompey escaped from the battlefield and made his way to
940:
682:, cemented by Pompey's marriage with Caesar's daughter,
4740:
4713:
4462:
4438:
4314:
4287:
4239:
4104:
3815:
3767:
3743:
3731:
3516:
3468:
3064:
2662:, raising a legion and cavalry in hopes of joining him;
5553:
Rubicon, The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic
5226:
The Gracchi Marius and Sulla Epochs of Ancient History
5158:
5046:. British Film Institute. 20 July 2012. Archived from
4931:
Stoicism, Politics and Literature in the Age of Milton
4689:
4426:
4414:
4402:
4390:
4215:
4203:
4181:
4179:
3599:
3584:
3504:
3346:
3298:
3274:
3238:
3204:
3202:
3153:
3151:
3136:
3112:
3076:
2347:, made their peace with Caesar, and returned to Rome.
837:
from amongst his father's old clients and veterans in
5729:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
5572:
The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire
5409:
In the name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire
5060:
4816:
4725:
4701:
4677:
4665:
4653:
4629:
4617:
4588:
4576:
4552:
4528:
4501:
4474:
4263:
4251:
4191:
4128:
3707:
3653:
3187:
3100:
3047:
2440:. They married in 52 BC and had no children together.
1579:
Third Mithridatic War and re-organisation of the east
868:
Metellus and Pompey defeated Carbo's lieutenant, the
587:
5689:
Pompey, Cato, and the Governance of the Roman Empire
5506:(April 1985). "The Five Wives of Pompey the Great".
4564:
4164:
4152:
4140:
4116:
3779:
3262:
3163:
3023:
2557:
in rhyming couplets from a supposed former lover in
2189:, was cut off and captured in a hopeless defence of
2026:
Senatorial opposition to the triumvirate was led by
1892:
Denarius minted in 56 BC by Pompey's supporter
1207:, after which his army entered winter quarters near
953:. They were supported by a fleet under Carbo, while
575:
566:
4176:
4023:
4011:
3803:
3791:
3755:
3719:
3480:
3456:
3432:
3394:
3382:
3370:
3334:
3322:
3310:
3226:
3214:
3199:
3175:
3148:
3124:
3088:
2784:
dies in childbirth, and the first triumvirate ends;
2204:. From there, he transported his troops across the
1598:
Asia Minor and surrounding region, first century BC
572:
563:
79:Bust of Pompey, copy of an original from 70–60 BC,
4851:History of the Ancient & Medieval World Vol. 6
4752:
3011:
2999:
2977:The exact location of the battle is still disputed
2063:
2044:, a temporary position set up for such occasions.
1571:in Greece, with others sent to towns in Libya and
822:
1787:and marched south, occupying coastal cities like
980:. After defeating and killing Ahenobarbus at the
9398:
2524:(1643) and this too had English adaptations: as
1737:forced him to retrace his steps. Victory at the
728:, brought from Rome in 1627 by Galeazzo Arconati
708:, where he was assassinated by the courtiers of
678:in the informal political alliance known as the
5841:Wylle, Graham (1992). "The Road to Pharsalus".
2700:and puts down the rebellion, killing the rebel
2140:, close to the border with the Roman Republic.
1499:
5106:
4898:Sean Easton, "Why Pompey Is better off dead",
2327:Death of Pompey Magnus; 18th century engraving
2231:, he advanced on Pompey's main supply base at
1764:
1530:, tribune of the plebs in 67 BC, proposed the
795:as commander of the Roman army in the ongoing
6991:
6610:
6110:
5390:The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic
2692:79 BC – Pompey supports the election of
2512:(1594), was a translation from the French of
2504:(c. 1604). Another contemporary treatment by
1560:and concluding the war in only three months.
879:reached them, Carbo retreated to his base at
522:
9036:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
3250:
2254:In late March the stalemate was broken when
5425:
5406:
5152:
5140:
5125:
5087:
4947:An Essay on the Genius and Writings of Pope
4308:
4041:
1540:hampered his recruitment efforts, while in
1394:. Pompey faced Sertorius in the indecisive
1171:The Sertorian War began in 80 BC when
766:
6998:
6984:
6617:
6603:
6117:
6103:
5726:
5464:
3880:
3292:
2857:Reportedly 6,000 talents for Pompey, with
2787:52 BC – Serves as sole consul for an
2011:made him governor of Gallia Cisalpina and
724:Reputed statue of Pompey, now held at the
667:("teenage butcher") for his ruthlessness.
529:
515:
73:
8667:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
5785:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
5708:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
5486:The Last Generation of the Roman Republic
5354:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5061:Rocío Gordillo Hervás (9 February 2024).
3528:
2197:, they were later used to occupy Sicily.
1548:refused to comply with his instructions.
1179:Marian general, initiated a rebellion in
992:, a Marian ally. He restored the deposed
9294:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
5649:
5630:
5347:
5317:
4245:
4221:
4209:
4197:
4134:
4110:
4092:
3647:
3522:
3498:
3474:
3450:
2767:and Crassus, marrying Caesar's daughter
2756:29 September 61 BC – Third triumph;
2322:
2245:
2165:
2151:
2067:
1984:
1930:
1887:
1884:Return to Rome and the First Triumvirate
1805:
1681:
1593:
1583:
1455:
967:
719:
715:
663:. His adversaries gave him the nickname
5803:
5782:
5766:Pompey the Great: A Political Biography
5686:
5550:
5368:
5280:
5247:(2016 ed.). Wentworth Publishing.
5223:
4746:
4719:
4468:
4456:
4444:
4432:
4420:
4408:
4325:
4296:
4281:
4080:
3713:
3701:
3605:
3593:
3364:
3304:
3193:
3058:
3041:
3029:
2759:April 59 BC – The so-called first
1821:Pompey's incursion further south, into
1028:, usually known as Gnaeus, a daughter,
704:in 48 BC, and he sought refuge in
659:– "the Great" – after his boyhood hero
27:Roman general and statesman (106–48 BC)
14:
9442:Assassinated ancient Roman politicians
9437:People involved in anti-piracy efforts
9399:
5763:
5705:
5588:
5569:
5387:
5325:. London: Cambridge University Press.
5193:
5164:
4963:A Collection of Poems by Several Hands
4833:
4831:
4695:
4396:
4384:
4170:
3821:
3785:
3749:
3737:
3268:
2628:Chronology of Pompey's life and career
2377:
1710:. While there, he took control of the
1487:However, their consulship did see the
1211:. In early 76 BC, he crossed the
841:. In the spring of 83 Sulla landed in
107:28 September 48 BC (aged 57)
8453:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
6979:
6624:
6598:
6098:
5840:
5611:
5502:
5483:
5261:
5204:
4873:
4822:
4810:
4758:
4734:
4707:
4683:
4671:
4659:
4647:
4635:
4623:
4611:
4599:
4582:
4558:
4546:
4534:
4522:
4507:
4495:
4483:
4269:
4257:
4233:
4185:
4158:
4146:
4122:
4029:
4017:
3809:
3797:
3773:
3761:
3725:
3510:
3486:
3462:
3438:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3280:
3244:
3232:
3220:
3208:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3142:
3130:
3118:
3106:
3094:
3070:
3017:
3005:
1714:from its Roman-backed ruler, his son
1345:
1233:
941:Sicily, Africa and Lepidus' rebellion
894:Pompey advanced south-west along the
598:, was a general and statesman of the
548:
283:Campaign against the Cilician pirates
81:Venice National Archaeological Museum
9195:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
5633:Sertorius and the Struggle for Spain
5242:
5107:Benedicte Page (11 September 2015).
4570:
3082:
2737:70 BC – First consulship (with
2469:
2171:The Flight of Pompey after Pharsalus
1637:replaced Lucullus in Cicilia, while
1123:The Lepidan rebellion; key locations
965:, or "young butcher", as a result.
6309:Lex Gabinia de piratis persequendis
5906:Pompée le Grand. Bâtisseur d’Empire
5469:. Littlehampton Book Services Ltd.
5266:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.
4828:
2763:is constituted. Pompey allies with
2633:29 September 106 BC – Born in
2121:, were opponents of Caesar, as was
1951:Although Pompey could not overcome
1845:, its defenders took refuge in the
1440:
1200:traditional political constraints.
845:. As he marched north-west towards
550:[ˈŋnae̯ʊspɔmˈpɛjjʊsˈmaŋnʊs]
24:
8262:
5976:Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus
5863:
4978:The Broken Heart, with other poems
3669:
3419:
2273:, and a further two legions under
1813:(blue) in 63 BC, after losing the
1418:, while Pompey wintered among the
815:. Sulla's return in 83 BC sparked
628:without following the traditional
25:
9518:
9085:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
5228:(2017 ed.). Pinnacle Press.
5040:"The Tragedy of Pompey the Great"
2708:, who would go on to assassinate
2540:and others in 1664, and later as
1522:, in 68 BC they raided as far as
1506:Pompey's campaign against pirates
1331:
144:Military commander and politician
9381:
9380:
9368:
9221:A General History of the Pyrates
9043:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
8564:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA
6576:
6575:
5444:
5351:Piracy in the Graeco-Roman World
5209:(2016 ed.). Profile Press.
5170:
5100:
5081:
5054:
5032:
5018:
5002:
4986:
4971:
4955:
4939:
4923:
4908:
4892:
4867:
4843:
4781:
4764:
4365:
4348:
4331:
3256:
2980:
2971:
2954:
2942:
2929:
2916:
2753:61 BC – Divorce by Mucia Tertia;
2235:. The latter arrived in time to
1358:
1344:
1330:
1316:
1302:
1289:
1288:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1246:
1232:
1225:
1160:
1104:
1091:
1090:
1076:
1062:
1048:
1041:
559:
326:
39:Gnaeus Pompeius (disambiguation)
6561:The Tragedy of Pompey the Great
5207:SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome
5186:
5088:Keith Nixon (19 October 2014).
5026:The Tragedy of Pompey the Great
4086:
4061:
4045:(1969). E.H. Warmington (ed.).
4035:
3998:
3985:
3972:
3959:
3942:
3929:
3912:
3899:
3886:
3857:
3844:
3827:
3682:
3624:
3611:
3571:
3558:
3541:
3406:
2907:
2892:
2868:
2851:
2842:
2826:
2734:, obtaining his second triumph;
2584:The Tragedy of Pompey the Great
2064:From confrontation to civil war
1359:
1317:
1105:
823:Pompey during Sulla's civil war
748:; he completed the traditional
692:—a conservative faction of the
638:, served as a commander in the
9507:People of the Mithridatic Wars
8579:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
8574:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
8327:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
5966:Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus
5895:The First Consulship of Pompey
5428:Caesar; The Life of a Colossus
2861:getting 10,000 drachmas each,
2675:' allies in Sicily and Africa;
2444:
1303:
1247:
1077:
446:Assassination of Julius Caesar
13:
1:
9432:1st-century BC Roman generals
8435:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
6359:Temple of Hercules Pompeianus
5591:The Making of Theatre History
5467:Pompey: The Republican Prince
4933:, Cambridge University 1998,
4915:A Manual of Old English Plays
2993:
2640:86 BC – Marriage to Antistia;
2502:The Wars of Pompey and Caesar
2250:The Pharsalus campaign, 48 BC
2073:
1275:
700:. Pompey was defeated at the
670:In 60 BC, Pompey joined
91:29 September 106 BC
9427:1st-century BC Roman consuls
9008:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
8258:Pirate battles and incidents
5876:Nicols, Marianne Schoenlin.
5574:(2015 ed.). Routledge.
5488:. University of California.
5426:Goldsworthy, Adrian (2006).
5407:Goldsworthy, Adrian (2004).
5194:Abbott, Frank Frost (1963).
4876:Who's Who in the Roman World
2819:
2715:76–71 BC – Campaign in
2681:79 BC – Pompey marries
2654:, after his return from the
2298:besieging Pompey in his camp
1866:Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia
1567:, renamed Pompeiopolis, and
1500:Campaign against the pirates
1063:
1049:
7:
9497:People of the Sertorian War
9492:People of Sulla's civil war
9482:Roman governors of Hispania
9452:Deaths by stabbing in Egypt
9422:1st-century BC Roman augurs
8407:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
7890:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
5880:, Diss. Berkeley/Cal. 1992.
5373:. Oxford University Press.
5245:A History of Rome to 565 AD
1771:Pompey's eastern settlement
1765:Re-organisation of the East
1187:tribes, he took control of
955:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
10:
9523:
9502:Ancient Roman triumphators
9284:Pirate films and TV series
8724:African Slave Trade Patrol
8292:Action of 11 November 2008
7081:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
7005:
6663:On the Malice of Herodotus
6124:
6024:M. Valerius Messalla Rufus
5934:P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura
5090:"Interview: Steven Saylor"
2865:1,000, and enlisted men 50
2620:'s trilogy of the life of
2381:
2155:
1775:The final collapse of the
1768:
1761:and made an ally of Rome.
1587:
1503:
1164:
927:Battle of the Colline Gate
826:
193:(52–48 BC, his death)
187:(59–54 BC, her death)
31:
9362:
9312:
9271:
9264:
9212:
9177:
9094:
8992:
8794:
8781:
8773:Trans-Saharan slave trade
8709:
8640:
8372:Battle off Minicoy Island
8347:Battle of Cape Fear River
8317:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
8287:Action of 28 October 2007
8282:Action of 9 November 1822
8257:
8155:
8063:
7427:
7420:
7346:
7310:
7267:
7220:
7213:
7058:
7013:
6956:
6920:
6679:
6633:
6570:
6517:
6484:
6458:
6420:
6413:
6382:
6351:
6342:Lex Pompeia de provinciis
6293:
6261:
6228:
6210:
6172:
6139:
6132:
6079:
6063:
6057:
6045:
6028:
6016:
6002:
5984:
5972:
5958:
5942:
5930:
5925:
5818:10.1017/S0017383508000673
5664:10.1017/S0362152900008953
5631:Matyszak, Philip (2013).
5570:Keppie, Lawrence (1984).
5520:10.1017/S0017383500030138
5369:Drogula, Fred K. (2019).
5348:De Souza, Philip (2002).
5295:10.1017/S0017383500011888
2650:83 BC – Aligns with
2577:. These were followed by
2384:Wives of Pompey the Great
2281:in Macedonia. Meanwhile,
1965:Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
622:the civil war of 83–81 BC
317:
306:
255:
250:
246:
236:
226:
200:
181:(79–61 BC, divorced)
169:(86–82 BC, divorced)
159:
148:
140:
129:
119:
102:
87:
72:
65:
58:
9472:People murdered in Egypt
9447:Correspondents of Cicero
8768:Indian Ocean slave trade
8657:International piracy law
8594:Pirate attacks in Borneo
8466:Capture of the schooner
8458:Capture of the schooner
8392:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
8118:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
5451:Encyclopaedia Britannica
5430:(2013 ed.). Orion.
5388:Flower, Harriet (2014).
5323:Roman Republican coinage
4373:Epitome of Roman History
2671:82–81 BC – Defeats
2660:Mithridates VI of Pontus
2590:BBC Sunday Night Theatre
2318:
1779:allowed Pompey to annex
1753:by another of his sons,
1604:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
1000:, or "the Great", after
972:Roman Province of Africa
959:Roman province of Africa
885:Gaius Marcius Censorinus
819:within the Roman world.
811:regained control of the
809:Gaius Marius the Younger
740:. Although the dominant
66:
44:Not to be confused with
9227:Captain Charles Johnson
8651:1717–1718 Acts of Grace
8362:Battle of Mandab Strait
8342:Battle of Boca Teacapan
8337:Balanguingui Expedition
8302:Action of 23 March 2010
6921:Translators and editors
6006:L. Domitius Ahenobarbus
5465:Greenhalgh, P. (1981).
2739:Marcus Licinius Crassus
2694:Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
2388:Pompey had five wives:
2036:Catilinarian conspiracy
2032:Publius Clodius Pulcher
2015:. He was also assigned
1872:, with Pompey's client
1679:near the end of 66 BC.
1130:Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
963:adulescentulus carnifex
726:Villa Arconati, Bollate
665:adulescentulus carnifex
175:(82 BC, her death)
35:Pompey (disambiguation)
8584:Operation Ocean Shield
8412:Battle of Tonkin River
8357:Battle of Doro Passage
8312:Action of 5 April 2010
8307:Action of 1 April 2010
8297:Action of 9 April 2009
8277:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
8267:
8103:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
8088:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
7235:British Virgin Islands
6492:Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
5962:Q. Hortensius Hortalus
5873:, Diss. New York 1989.
2328:
2251:
2177:
2098:Metellus Scipio Nasica
2077:
1997:
1948:
1896:
1818:
1793:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
1791:, before crossing the
1755:Pharnaces II of Pontus
1699:
1639:Manius Acilius Glabrio
1599:
1476:
1018:Gaius Valerius Flaccus
1014:Lucius Licinius Murena
988:and executed its king
973:
933:stepdaughter Aemilia.
801:Lucius Cornelius Cinna
793:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
767:
738:Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
729:
542:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
231:Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
67:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
9467:People from le Marche
9200:Pirates versus Ninjas
8627:Slave raid of Suðuroy
8589:Persian Gulf Campaign
8474:Capture of the sloop
8402:Battle of the Leotung
8387:Battle of New Orleans
8266:
8128:Richard Avery Hornsby
7880:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
7840:Moses Cohen Henriques
7810:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
7555:Christina Anna Skytte
7093:Brethren of the Coast
7076:Baltic Slavic pirates
7023:Ancient Mediterranean
6335:Lex Pompeia de ambitu
6230:Third Mithridatic War
6087:M. Claudius Marcellus
6020:Cn. Domitius Calvinus
5741:10.1353/apa.2014.0008
5687:Morrill, Kit (2017).
5589:Kuritz, Paul (1987).
5551:Holland, Tom (2004).
5484:Gruen, Erich (1995).
5243:Boak, Edward (1921).
4900:The Classical Journal
2656:First Mithridatic War
2326:
2249:
2169:
2152:The Road to Pharsalus
2071:
1990:Marcus Tullius Cicero
1988:
1934:
1891:
1809:
1769:Further information:
1685:
1597:
1590:Third Mithridatic War
1584:Third Mithridatic War
1518:Principally based in
1459:
1032:, and a younger son,
971:
877:Battle of Sacriportus
805:Gnaeus Papirius Carbo
797:First Mithridatic War
760:Social War (91–87 BC)
723:
716:Early life and career
648:Third Mithridatic War
293:Third Mithridatic War
9122:skull and crossbones
9078:Mistress of the Seas
8760:Capture of the brig
8737:Atlantic slave trade
8498:Falklands Expedition
8352:Battle of Cape Lopez
8272:1582 Cagayan battles
8199:Queen Anne's Revenge
7750:José Joaquim Almeida
7735:John Newland Maffitt
7655:Hayreddin Barbarossa
7495:Bartolomeu Português
7485:Artemisia I of Caria
7480:Alexandre Exquemelin
7318:Baltic Slavic piracy
7071:Anglo-Turkish piracy
6294:Legislative activity
6083:Ser. Sulpicius Rufus
6010:Ap. Claudius Pulcher
5980:L. Marcius Philippus
5938:Cn. Aufidius Orestes
5913:Pompey Megalopsychos
5612:Leach, John (1978).
5445:Gray, Eric William.
5319:Crawford, Michael H.
5224:Beesley, A. (1892).
5205:Beard, Mary (2015).
4874:Hazel, John (2001).
3967:The Mithridatic Wars
2960:Pompey was based at
2702:Marcus Junius Brutus
2345:Marcus Junius Brutus
1851:Romans first stormed
1720:Tigranes the Younger
1558:Battle of Korakesion
1374:class=notpageimage|
1151:Marcus Junius Brutus
1120:class=notpageimage|
33:For other uses, see
9487:Supporters of Sulla
9139:No purchase, no pay
9107:Davy Jones's locker
9050:The Angel's Command
8894:Guybrush Threepwood
8742:Barbary slave trade
8719:African slave trade
8516:Jiajing wokou raids
8417:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
7640:François l'Olonnais
7500:Bartholomew Roberts
7388:Republic of Pirates
6696:Alexander the Great
6547:The Death of Pompey
6302:Lex Gellia Cornelia
5997:M. Licinius Crassus
5954:M. Licinius Crassus
5919:72 (1990), 445–456.
5768:. Wiley-Blackwell.
5411:. London: Phoenix.
5262:Brice, Lee (2014).
5200:. Biblo and Tannen.
5155:, p. 180, 181.
5094:Crime Fiction Lover
5010:Ruins of Many Lands
5008:"Pompey’s Pillar",
4994:Lyrics of the Heart
4650:, pp. 193–198.
4614:, pp. 192–193.
4549:, pp. 173–185.
4525:, pp. 558–559.
4498:, pp. 557–558.
4459:, pp. 241–242.
4387:, pp. 307–308.
4284:, pp. 238–239.
4236:, pp. 120–121.
4047:Dio's Roman History
3650:, pp. 412–413.
3501:, pp. 121–122.
3453:, pp. 117–118.
3367:, pp. 141–142.
3085:, pp. 145–146.
3073:, pp. 241–242.
3044:, pp. 167–170.
2575:Ruins of Many Lands
2543:The Death of Pompey
2483:, now known as the
2378:Marriages and issue
2350:Pompey sailed from
1980:late Republican era
1862:Bithynia and Pontus
1839:Hasmonean Civil War
1635:Quintus Marcius Rex
1002:Alexander the Great
732:Pompey was born in
702:Battle of Pharsalus
661:Alexander the Great
335:Part of a series on
288:Hasmonean civil war
120:Cause of death
9299:Timeline of piracy
9256:Piracy kidnappings
8909:Jacquotte Delahaye
8864:Charlotte de Berry
8854:Captain Sabertooth
8747:Blockade of Africa
8702:Piracy Law of 1820
8632:Turkish Abductions
8569:Operation Atalanta
8503:Great Lakes Patrol
8382:Battle of Nam Quan
8332:Attack on Veracruz
8268:
7850:Nicholas van Hoorn
7835:Michel de Grammont
7700:Jacquotte Delahaye
7685:Hippolyte Bouchard
7605:Elise Eskilsdotter
7545:Charlotte de Berry
7510:Benjamin Hornigold
6933:Arthur Hugh Clough
6322:Eastern settlement
6263:Caesar's civil war
5926:Political offices
5904:Van Ooteghem, J.,
5901:22 (1973), 205–18.
5764:Seager, R (2002).
5447:"Pompey the Great"
4949:, (London, 1756),
4929:Andrew Shifflett,
4069:Jewish Antiquities
3776:, pp. 71, 74.
3295:, pp. 415–16.
2598:Colleen McCullough
2555:'heroical epistle'
2430:, the daughter of
2329:
2252:
2223:. After capturing
2178:
2158:Caesar's civil war
2078:
2041:praefectus annonae
2017:Gallia Transalpina
1998:
1949:
1897:
1819:
1817:(red) to the north
1712:Cimmerian Bosporus
1700:
1624:Tigranes the Great
1600:
1477:
1471:seated before and
1205:Gallia Narbonensis
1142:military command.
1026:Pompey the younger
974:
730:
698:Caesar's Civil War
456:Battle of Philippi
451:Second Triumvirate
441:Caesar's Civil War
298:Caesar's civil war
9457:First Triumvirate
9394:
9393:
9375:Piracy portal
9358:
9357:
9335:Fictional pirates
9234:Truce of Ratisbon
9208:
9207:
9169:Walking the plank
9029:On Stranger Tides
8969:Tony Tony Chopper
8859:Captain Stingaree
8796:Fictional pirates
8612:Sack of Baltimore
8607:Raid on Cartagena
8549:Moscow University
8428:Beluga Nomination
8397:Battle of Pianosa
8322:Antelope incident
8213:Marquis of Havana
8151:
8150:
7860:Olivier Levasseur
7800:Louis-Michel Aury
7765:Klaus Störtebeker
7715:Jeanne de Clisson
7635:François Le Clerc
7470:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
7416:
7415:
7333:South China Coast
7297:Strait of Malacca
6973:
6972:
6960:Comparison extant
6890:Tiberius Gracchus
6656:De genio Socratis
6592:
6591:
6540:Caesar and Pompey
6513:
6512:
6369:Portico of Pompey
6364:Theatre of Pompey
6289:
6288:
6141:Sulla's civil war
6093:
6092:
6080:Succeeded by
6046:Succeeded by
6042:without colleague
6037:Intercalary Month
6003:Succeeded by
5959:Succeeded by
5869:Hillman, T., P.,
5635:. Pen and Sword.
5604:978-0-13-547861-5
5361:978-0-521-01240-9
4992:Alaric A. Watts,
4967:vol. 4, pp. 90–94
4965:, (London 1755),
4789:Life of Sertorius
4083:, pp. 57–97.
3982:, 36.54, 37.2–5.1
3824:, pp. 47–48.
3752:, pp. 89–90.
3740:, pp. 43–44.
3704:, pp. 20–21.
3566:Life of Sertorius
3513:, pp. 49–50.
3427:Life of Sertorius
3355:, pp. 41–43.
3283:, pp. 31–32.
3145:, pp. 26–27.
3121:, pp. 25–26.
3109:, pp. 24–25.
2966:Shkëmbi i Kavajës
2789:intercalary month
2563:John Edmund Reade
2530:Catherine Philips
2522:La Mort de Pompée
2470:Literary heritage
2275:Domitius Calvinus
1972:First Triumvirate
1939:; left to right,
1937:First Triumvirate
1912:Theatre of Pompey
1833:, having ravaged
1735:Caucasian Albania
1451:Third Servile War
1392:Battle of Italica
1388:Lucius Hirtuleius
1197:Hispania Citerior
1193:guerrilla warfare
1189:Hispania Ulterior
1173:Quintus Sertorius
1157:, where he died.
1137:of Cisalpine and
1128:Pompey supported
984:, Pompey subdued
829:Sulla's civil war
769:Bellum Octavianum
680:First Triumvirate
644:Third Servile War
539:
538:
503:Theatre of Pompey
436:First Triumvirate
321:
320:
278:Third Servile War
268:Sulla's civil war
16:(Redirected from
9514:
9477:Pompeii (Romans)
9384:
9383:
9373:
9372:
9371:
9269:
9268:
9071:Pirate Latitudes
9064:Long John Silver
9057:Voyage of Slaves
8924:Long John Silver
8819:Captain Birdseye
8792:
8791:
8662:Letter of marque
8622:Salvador Pirates
8617:Sack of Campeche
8440:Chepo Expedition
8422:Battle of Tysami
8377:Battle off Mukah
8367:Battle of Manila
8206:Quedagh Merchant
8164:Adventure Galley
8010:Victual Brothers
7995:Thomas Cavendish
7960:Sayyida al Hurra
7945:Samuel Hall Lord
7925:Roche Braziliano
7910:Robert Culliford
7845:Nathaniel Gordon
7815:Martin Frobisher
7775:Laurens de Graaf
7745:Jørgen Jørgensen
7680:Henry Strangways
7660:Hendrick Lucifer
7610:Eustace the Monk
7475:António de Faria
7425:
7424:
7393:Republic of Salé
7363:Île Sainte-Marie
7218:
7217:
7195:Victual Brothers
7103:Cilician pirates
7000:
6993:
6986:
6977:
6976:
6943:Philemon Holland
6832:Cato the Younger
6712:Aratus of Sicyon
6619:
6612:
6605:
6596:
6595:
6579:
6578:
6450:Cornelia Metella
6418:
6417:
6137:
6136:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6096:
6095:
6058:Preceded by
6017:Preceded by
5973:Preceded by
5931:Preceded by
5923:
5922:
5908:. Brussels 1954.
5858:
5837:
5800:
5779:
5760:
5723:
5702:
5683:
5646:
5627:
5614:Pompey the Great
5608:
5585:
5566:
5547:
5499:
5480:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5441:
5422:
5403:
5384:
5365:
5344:
5314:
5277:
5258:
5239:
5220:
5201:
5181:
5174:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5153:Goldsworthy 2004
5150:
5144:
5141:Goldsworthy 2004
5138:
5129:
5126:Goldsworthy 2004
5123:
5117:
5116:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5050:on 20 July 2012.
5044:BFI Film Forever
5036:
5030:
5022:
5016:
5006:
5000:
4990:
4984:
4975:
4969:
4961:Robert Dodsley,
4959:
4953:
4945:Joseph Wharton,
4943:
4937:
4927:
4921:
4912:
4906:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4795:
4793:Life of Lucullus
4785:
4779:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4732:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4369:
4363:
4352:
4346:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4312:
4309:Goldsworthy 2006
4306:
4300:
4294:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4072:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4002:
3996:
3989:
3983:
3976:
3970:
3963:
3957:
3946:
3940:
3933:
3927:
3916:
3910:
3903:
3897:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3861:
3855:
3854:, 36.14.4, 17.1.
3848:
3842:
3839:Life of Lucullus
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3673:
3667:
3660:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3628:
3622:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3582:
3575:
3569:
3562:
3556:
3545:
3539:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3423:
3417:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3247:, p. 30–31.
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2933:
2927:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2905:
2896:
2890:
2872:
2866:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2830:
2793:Cornelia Metella
2571:Nicholas Michell
2534:Pompey the Great
2518:Pierre Corneille
2460:war of attrition
2438:Cornelia Metella
2364:Lucius Septimius
2075:
1922:Cato the Younger
1759:Bosporan Kingdom
1546:Quintus Metellus
1489:plebeian tribune
1441:First Consulship
1435:Battle near Osca
1427:war of attrition
1362:
1361:
1348:
1347:
1334:
1333:
1320:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1292:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1264:
1263:
1250:
1249:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1218:Battle of Lauron
1139:Transalpine Gaul
1108:
1107:
1094:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1066:
1065:
1052:
1051:
1045:
772:
596:Pompey the Great
590:
585:
584:
581:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
552:
547:
531:
524:
517:
330:
329:
323:
322:
191:Cornelia Metella
108:
77:
56:
55:
53:
42:
21:
9522:
9521:
9517:
9516:
9515:
9513:
9512:
9511:
9397:
9396:
9395:
9390:
9369:
9367:
9354:
9320:Barbary pirates
9308:
9304:Women in piracy
9260:
9204:
9173:
9102:Buried treasure
9090:
9022:Facing the Flag
9015:Treasure Island
8988:
8934:Vaas Montenegro
8929:Monkey D. Luffy
8899:Hector Barbossa
8884:Elizabeth Swann
8849:Captain Pugwash
8786:
8784:
8777:
8754:Veloz Passagera
8752:Capture of the
8705:
8636:
8445:Capture of the
8253:
8185:Flying Dutchman
8147:
8113:Miguel Enríquez
8065:
8059:
8025:William Dampier
7980:Simon Mascarino
7975:Shirahama Kenki
7955:Samuel Pallache
7920:Roberto Cofresí
7830:Mary Wolverston
7805:Mansel Alcantra
7780:Lawrence Prince
7460:Albert W. Hicks
7412:
7350:
7342:
7306:
7263:
7209:
7205:Women in piracy
7170:Sindhi corsairs
7123:French corsairs
7113:Cossack pirates
7066:Albanian piracy
7059:Types of pirate
7054:
7009:
7004:
6974:
6969:
6952:
6916:
6903:Aemilius Paulus
6675:
6671:Pseudo-Plutarch
6629:
6623:
6593:
6588:
6566:
6509:
6480:
6454:
6409:
6378:
6374:Curia of Pompey
6347:
6285:
6257:
6224:
6206:
6168:
6133:Military career
6128:
6123:
6089:
6085:
6075:Metellus Scipio
6071:
6069:
6061:
6053:
6051:Metellus Scipio
6049:
6040:
6035:
6026:
6022:
6012:
6008:
5993:
5991:
5982:
5978:
5968:
5964:
5950:
5948:
5940:
5936:
5911:Wylie, G., J.,
5866:
5864:Further reading
5861:
5806:Greece and Rome
5776:
5699:
5643:
5624:
5616:. Biddles Ltd.
5605:
5582:
5563:
5508:Greece and Rome
5496:
5477:
5455:
5453:
5438:
5419:
5400:
5381:
5362:
5333:
5283:Greece and Rome
5274:
5255:
5236:
5217:
5189:
5184:
5175:
5171:
5163:
5159:
5151:
5147:
5139:
5132:
5124:
5120:
5105:
5101:
5086:
5082:
5065:Masters Of Rome
5059:
5055:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5023:
5019:
5012:, London 1849,
5007:
5003:
4996:, London 1851,
4991:
4987:
4980:, London 1825,
4976:
4972:
4960:
4956:
4951:vol. 1, p. 296
4944:
4940:
4928:
4924:
4913:
4909:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4836:
4829:
4821:
4817:
4809:
4798:
4786:
4782:
4778:, 5, 9, 15, 48.
4769:
4765:
4757:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4733:
4726:
4718:
4714:
4706:
4702:
4694:
4690:
4682:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4654:
4646:
4642:
4634:
4630:
4622:
4618:
4610:
4606:
4598:
4589:
4581:
4577:
4569:
4565:
4557:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4533:
4529:
4521:
4514:
4506:
4502:
4494:
4490:
4482:
4475:
4467:
4463:
4455:
4451:
4443:
4439:
4431:
4427:
4419:
4415:
4407:
4403:
4395:
4391:
4383:
4379:
4370:
4366:
4353:
4349:
4336:
4332:
4324:
4315:
4307:
4303:
4295:
4288:
4280:
4276:
4268:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4244:
4240:
4232:
4228:
4220:
4216:
4208:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4184:
4177:
4169:
4165:
4157:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4091:
4087:
4079:
4075:
4066:
4062:
4040:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4016:
4012:
4003:
3999:
3990:
3986:
3977:
3973:
3964:
3960:
3947:
3943:
3934:
3930:
3917:
3913:
3904:
3900:
3891:
3887:
3881:Greenhalgh 1981
3879:
3875:
3862:
3858:
3849:
3845:
3832:
3828:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3780:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3744:
3736:
3732:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3690:Life of Crassus
3687:
3683:
3677:Life of Crassus
3674:
3670:
3661:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3629:
3625:
3619:Life of Crassus
3616:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3592:
3585:
3576:
3572:
3563:
3559:
3546:
3542:
3533:
3529:
3521:
3517:
3509:
3505:
3497:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3424:
3420:
3411:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3293:Rosenblitt 2014
3291:
3287:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3156:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2897:
2893:
2873:
2869:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2728:slave rebellion
2687:Mucii Scaevolae
2630:
2603:Masters of Rome
2581:'s prose drama
2481:De Bello Civili
2472:
2447:
2386:
2380:
2321:
2279:Metellus Scipio
2187:Lucius Domitius
2160:
2154:
2066:
1886:
1777:Seleucid Empire
1773:
1767:
1633:In 68 BC,
1592:
1586:
1581:
1508:
1502:
1443:
1400:Lucius Afranius
1396:Battle of Sucro
1380:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1169:
1163:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1053:
982:Battle of Utica
947:Marcus Perperna
943:
831:
825:
718:
706:Ptolemaic Egypt
588:
562:
558:
545:
535:
401:Clodius Pulcher
327:
302:
251:Military career
222:
196:
155:(70, 55, 52 BC)
115:
109:
106:
98:
92:
83:
68:
61:
54:
43:
32:
28:
23:
22:
18:Pompeius Magnus
15:
12:
11:
5:
9520:
9510:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9392:
9391:
9389:
9388:
9378:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9352:
9347:
9345:Piracy by year
9342:
9337:
9332:
9330:Female pirates
9327:
9325:By nationality
9322:
9316:
9314:
9310:
9309:
9307:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9275:
9273:
9266:
9262:
9261:
9259:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9242:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9230:
9229:
9216:
9214:
9210:
9209:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9181:
9179:
9175:
9174:
9172:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9125:
9124:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9091:
9089:
9088:
9081:
9074:
9067:
9060:
9053:
9046:
9039:
9032:
9025:
9018:
9011:
9004:
8996:
8994:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8919:Joshamee Gibbs
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8800:
8798:
8789:
8779:
8778:
8776:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8757:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8726:
8721:
8715:
8713:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8699:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8644:
8642:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8553:
8544:
8535:
8526:
8522:Maersk Alabama
8518:
8513:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8487:
8479:
8471:
8463:
8455:
8450:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8261:
8259:
8255:
8254:
8252:
8251:
8244:
8237:
8230:
8223:
8216:
8209:
8202:
8195:
8188:
8181:
8174:
8167:
8159:
8157:
8153:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8133:Robert Maynard
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8069:
8067:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8015:Vincenzo Gambi
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7940:Samuel Bellamy
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7915:Robert Surcouf
7912:
7907:
7905:Richard Glover
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7875:Pierre Lafitte
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7650:Grace O'Malley
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7590:Edward England
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7550:Cheung Po Tsai
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7505:Benito de Soto
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7450:Abraham Samuel
7447:
7445:Adam Baldridge
7442:
7437:
7431:
7429:
7422:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7398:Saint Augustin
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7354:
7352:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7314:
7312:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7275:Horn of Africa
7271:
7269:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7259:Gulf of Guinea
7256:
7255:
7254:
7249:
7248:
7247:
7245:Lake Nicaragua
7237:
7226:
7224:
7222:Atlantic World
7215:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7128:Jewish pirates
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7062:
7060:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7030:
7025:
7019:
7017:
7011:
7010:
7003:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6980:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6963:Four unpaired
6961:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6924:
6922:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6905:
6896:
6894:Gaius Gracchus
6879:
6870:
6861:
6852:
6843:
6834:
6825:
6816:
6807:
6798:
6789:
6780:
6771:
6762:
6753:
6744:
6735:
6733:Cato the Elder
6726:
6709:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6667:
6666:
6659:
6645:
6642:Parallel Lives
6637:
6635:
6631:
6630:
6622:
6621:
6614:
6607:
6599:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6557:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6533:Parallel Lives
6529:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6501:
6495:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6426:
6424:
6415:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6319:
6312:
6305:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6267:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6178:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6122:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6099:
6091:
6090:
6081:
6078:
6062:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6047:
6044:
6027:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6004:
6001:
5983:
5974:
5970:
5969:
5960:
5957:
5941:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5909:
5902:
5893:Stockton, D.,
5891:
5889:978-0752425214
5881:
5874:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5849:(3): 557–565.
5838:
5801:
5780:
5775:978-0826203564
5774:
5761:
5735:(2): 415–431.
5724:
5714:(3): 298–324.
5703:
5698:978-0198755142
5697:
5684:
5647:
5642:978-1848847873
5641:
5628:
5622:
5609:
5603:
5586:
5581:978-1138129139
5580:
5567:
5562:978-0349115634
5561:
5548:
5504:Haley, Shelley
5500:
5495:978-0520022386
5494:
5481:
5476:978-0297778813
5475:
5462:
5442:
5437:978-0297864004
5436:
5423:
5418:978-0753817896
5417:
5404:
5399:978-1107032248
5398:
5385:
5380:978-0190869021
5379:
5366:
5360:
5345:
5331:
5315:
5289:(66): 98–106.
5278:
5273:978-1610692991
5272:
5259:
5254:978-1363094448
5253:
5240:
5235:978-1374894761
5234:
5221:
5216:978-1846683817
5215:
5202:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5169:
5167:, p. 114.
5157:
5145:
5143:, p. 179.
5130:
5128:, p. 174.
5118:
5113:The Bookseller
5099:
5080:
5053:
5031:
5029:, London, 1910
5017:
5001:
4985:
4970:
4954:
4938:
4922:
4907:
4902:107.2 (2011),
4891:
4884:
4866:
4859:
4842:
4827:
4825:, p. 145.
4815:
4796:
4780:
4776:Life of Pompey
4772:Parallel Lives
4763:
4751:
4749:, p. 327.
4739:
4737:, p. 290.
4724:
4722:, p. 323.
4712:
4710:, p. 563.
4700:
4698:, p. 109.
4688:
4686:, p. 204.
4676:
4674:, p. 562.
4664:
4662:, p. 561.
4652:
4640:
4638:, p. 194.
4628:
4626:, p. 193.
4616:
4604:
4602:, p. 560.
4587:
4585:, p. 192.
4575:
4573:, p. 176.
4563:
4561:, p. 559.
4551:
4539:
4537:, p. 183.
4527:
4512:
4510:, p. 557.
4500:
4488:
4486:, p. 558.
4473:
4471:, p. 243.
4461:
4449:
4447:, p. 240.
4437:
4425:
4413:
4401:
4399:, p. 299.
4389:
4377:
4364:
4360:Life of Pompey
4356:Parallel Lives
4347:
4343:Life of Caesar
4339:Parallel Lives
4330:
4328:, p. 104.
4313:
4311:, p. 253.
4301:
4299:, p. 254.
4286:
4274:
4272:, p. 282.
4262:
4260:, p. 275.
4250:
4238:
4226:
4214:
4202:
4190:
4175:
4163:
4161:, p. 118.
4151:
4149:, p. 273.
4139:
4127:
4125:, p. 101.
4115:
4113:, p. 174.
4103:
4085:
4073:
4060:
4034:
4022:
4010:
3997:
3995:, 37.5.2–5, 6.
3984:
3971:
3969:, pp. 101–102.
3958:
3954:Life of Pompey
3950:Parallel Lives
3941:
3928:
3924:Life of Pompey
3920:Parallel Lives
3911:
3898:
3885:
3883:, p. 107.
3873:
3869:Life of Pompey
3865:Parallel Lives
3856:
3843:
3835:Parallel Lives
3826:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3742:
3730:
3718:
3706:
3694:
3681:
3668:
3652:
3640:
3636:Life of Pompey
3632:Parallel Lives
3623:
3610:
3608:, p. 142.
3598:
3596:, p. 102.
3583:
3570:
3557:
3553:Life of Pompey
3549:Parallel Lives
3540:
3527:
3525:, p. 126.
3515:
3503:
3491:
3479:
3477:, p. 118.
3467:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3418:
3405:
3393:
3381:
3369:
3357:
3345:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3307:, p. 101.
3297:
3285:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3198:
3186:
3174:
3172:, p. 245.
3162:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3099:
3097:, p. 272.
3087:
3075:
3063:
3061:, p. 100.
3046:
3034:
3022:
3010:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2979:
2970:
2953:
2950:Roman Republic
2941:
2928:
2924:Metellus Nepos
2915:
2906:
2891:
2867:
2850:
2841:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2796:
2785:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2735:
2724:
2713:
2690:
2679:
2676:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2629:
2626:
2579:John Masefield
2514:Robert Garnier
2498:George Chapman
2471:
2468:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2421:Sextus Pompeus
2418:
2413:
2411:Gnaeus Pompeus
2402:
2399:Aemilia Scaura
2396:
2382:Main article:
2379:
2376:
2320:
2317:
2291:pitched battle
2195:Asinius Pollio
2156:Main article:
2153:
2150:
2119:Gaius Claudius
2065:
2062:
1926:Metellus Celer
1885:
1882:
1831:Aristobulus II
1795:and capturing
1766:
1763:
1616:Mithridates VI
1588:Main article:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1556:, winning the
1528:Aulus Gabinius
1504:Main article:
1501:
1498:
1442:
1439:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1175:, a prominent
1165:Main article:
1162:
1159:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1038:
942:
939:
873:Gaius Carrinas
863:Cisalpine Gaul
827:Main article:
824:
821:
751:cursus honorum
717:
714:
631:cursus honorum
600:Roman Republic
537:
536:
534:
533:
526:
519:
511:
508:
507:
506:
505:
500:
495:
493:Curia Hostilia
490:
485:
480:
471:
470:
465:
462:Bellum Siculum
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
429:
428:
426:Marcus Agrippa
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
352:
351:
337:
336:
332:
331:
319:
318:
315:
314:
308:
304:
303:
301:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
259:
257:
253:
252:
248:
247:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
221:
220:
215:
210:
204:
202:
198:
197:
195:
194:
188:
182:
176:
170:
163:
161:
157:
156:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
110:
104:
100:
99:
93:
89:
85:
84:
78:
70:
69:
63:
62:
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9519:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9462:Julius Caesar
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9412:106 BC births
9410:
9408:
9405:
9404:
9402:
9387:
9379:
9377:
9376:
9365:
9364:
9361:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9315:
9311:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9270:
9267:
9263:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9228:
9225:
9224:
9223:
9222:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9213:Miscellaneous
9211:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9178:Miscellaneous
9176:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9159:Pirate utopia
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9099:
9097:
9093:
9087:
9086:
9082:
9080:
9079:
9075:
9073:
9072:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9061:
9059:
9058:
9054:
9052:
9051:
9047:
9045:
9044:
9040:
9038:
9037:
9033:
9031:
9030:
9026:
9024:
9023:
9019:
9017:
9016:
9012:
9010:
9009:
9005:
9003:
9002:
8998:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8879:Elaine Marley
8877:
8875:
8874:Edward Kenway
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8834:Captain Flint
8832:
8830:
8829:Captain Crook
8827:
8825:
8824:Captain Blood
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8780:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8731:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8712:
8708:
8703:
8700:
8697:
8693:
8689:
8685:
8681:
8677:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8652:
8648:
8647:Acts of grace
8645:
8643:
8639:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8601:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8558:
8554:
8552:
8550:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8540:Orkim Harmony
8536:
8534:
8532:
8527:
8525:
8523:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8510:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8492:
8488:
8486:
8484:
8483:Carré d'As IV
8480:
8478:
8477:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8464:
8462:
8461:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8448:
8447:Ambrose Light
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8429:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8265:
8260:
8256:
8250:
8249:
8245:
8243:
8242:
8238:
8236:
8235:
8231:
8229:
8228:
8227:Royal Fortune
8224:
8222:
8221:
8217:
8215:
8214:
8210:
8208:
8207:
8203:
8201:
8200:
8196:
8194:
8193:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8175:
8173:
8172:
8171:Ambrose Light
8168:
8166:
8165:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8154:
8144:
8143:Woodes Rogers
8141:
8139:
8138:Thomas Warren
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8098:Julius Caesar
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8078:Chaloner Ogle
8076:
8074:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8062:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8050:Zheng Zhilong
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7935:Sadie Farrell
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7885:Princess Sela
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7865:Pedro Gilbert
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7785:Liang Daoming
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7630:Francis Drake
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7585:Dominique You
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7540:Charles Gibbs
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7435:Abduwali Muse
7433:
7432:
7430:
7426:
7423:
7421:Major figures
7419:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7358:Barataria Bay
7356:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7348:Pirate havens
7345:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7323:Barbary Coast
7321:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7309:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7266:
7260:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7216:
7212:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7175:Timber pirate
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7057:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7001:
6996:
6994:
6989:
6987:
6982:
6981:
6978:
6966:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6928:Jacques Amyot
6926:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6913:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6700:Julius Caesar
6697:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6672:
6669:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6620:
6615:
6613:
6608:
6606:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6563:
6562:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6516:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6471:Pompeia Magna
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6412:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6174:Sertorian War
6171:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6120:
6115:
6113:
6108:
6106:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6088:
6084:
6077:
6076:
6070:52 BC
6068:
6067:
6056:
6052:
6043:
6038:
6034:
6032:
6025:
6021:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6000:
5998:
5992:55 BC
5990:
5988:
5981:
5977:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5956:
5955:
5949:70 BC
5947:
5946:
5939:
5935:
5929:
5924:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5781:
5777:
5771:
5767:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5690:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5625:
5623:0-8476-6035-4
5619:
5615:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5596:
5595:Prentice Hall
5592:
5587:
5583:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5468:
5463:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5429:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5372:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5332:0-521-07492-4
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5246:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5179:
5173:
5166:
5161:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5137:
5135:
5127:
5122:
5114:
5110:
5103:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5057:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5028:
5027:
5021:
5015:
5011:
5005:
4999:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4887:
4881:
4877:
4870:
4862:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4837:Si Sheppard,
4834:
4832:
4824:
4819:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4760:
4755:
4748:
4743:
4736:
4731:
4729:
4721:
4716:
4709:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4685:
4680:
4673:
4668:
4661:
4656:
4649:
4644:
4637:
4632:
4625:
4620:
4613:
4608:
4601:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4584:
4579:
4572:
4567:
4560:
4555:
4548:
4543:
4536:
4531:
4524:
4519:
4517:
4509:
4504:
4497:
4492:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4470:
4465:
4458:
4453:
4446:
4441:
4435:, p. 67.
4434:
4429:
4423:, p. 75.
4422:
4417:
4411:, p. 73.
4410:
4405:
4398:
4393:
4386:
4381:
4374:
4368:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4310:
4305:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4283:
4278:
4271:
4266:
4259:
4254:
4248:, p. 17.
4247:
4246:Mitchell 1973
4242:
4235:
4230:
4223:
4222:Mitchell 1973
4218:
4211:
4210:Mitchell 1973
4206:
4199:
4198:Mitchell 1973
4194:
4188:, p. 53.
4187:
4182:
4180:
4173:, p. 48.
4172:
4167:
4160:
4155:
4148:
4143:
4136:
4135:Mitchell 1973
4131:
4124:
4119:
4112:
4111:De Souza 2002
4107:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4093:Crawford 1974
4089:
4082:
4077:
4070:
4064:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4032:, p. 96.
4031:
4026:
4020:, p. 93.
4019:
4014:
4008:, 37.11–14.2.
4007:
4006:Roman History
4004:Cassius Dio,
4001:
3994:
3993:Roman History
3991:Cassius Dio,
3988:
3981:
3980:Roman History
3978:Cassius Dio,
3975:
3968:
3962:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3938:
3937:Roman History
3935:Cassius Dio,
3932:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3908:
3907:Roman History
3905:Cassius Dio,
3902:
3895:
3894:Roman History
3892:Cassius Dio,
3889:
3882:
3877:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3853:
3852:Roman History
3850:Cassius Dio,
3847:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3823:
3818:
3812:, p. 73.
3811:
3806:
3800:, p. 72.
3799:
3794:
3788:, p. 47.
3787:
3782:
3775:
3770:
3764:, p. 68.
3763:
3758:
3751:
3746:
3739:
3734:
3728:, p. 66.
3727:
3722:
3716:, p. 17.
3715:
3710:
3703:
3698:
3691:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3649:
3648:Crawford 1974
3644:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3620:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3580:
3574:
3567:
3561:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3537:
3536:Bellum Civile
3531:
3524:
3523:Matyszak 2013
3519:
3512:
3507:
3500:
3499:Matyszak 2013
3495:
3489:, p. 49.
3488:
3483:
3476:
3475:Matyszak 2013
3471:
3465:, p. 47.
3464:
3459:
3452:
3451:Matyszak 2013
3447:
3441:, p. 48.
3440:
3435:
3428:
3422:
3415:
3414:Bellum Civile
3409:
3403:, p. 46.
3402:
3397:
3391:, p. 45.
3390:
3385:
3379:, p. 44.
3378:
3373:
3366:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3343:, p. 42.
3342:
3337:
3331:, p. 16.
3330:
3325:
3319:, p. 15.
3318:
3313:
3306:
3301:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3271:, p. 28.
3270:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3235:, p. 30.
3234:
3229:
3223:, p. 28.
3222:
3217:
3211:, p. 50.
3210:
3205:
3203:
3196:, p. 99.
3195:
3190:
3184:, p. 49.
3183:
3178:
3171:
3166:
3160:, p. 27.
3159:
3154:
3152:
3144:
3139:
3133:, p. 26.
3132:
3127:
3120:
3115:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3043:
3038:
3032:, p. 98.
3031:
3026:
3020:, p. 13.
3019:
3014:
3008:, p. 29.
3007:
3002:
2998:
2983:
2974:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2938:
2932:
2925:
2919:
2910:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2845:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2780:54 BC –
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2765:Julius Caesar
2762:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2710:Julius Caesar
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:against King
2657:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:Robert Harris
2615:
2614:
2613:Roma Sub Rosa
2609:
2608:Steven Saylor
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2548:Colley Cibber
2545:
2544:
2539:
2538:Edmund Waller
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2432:Julius Caesar
2429:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:Cleopatra VII
2357:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:to intercept
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1957:Julius Caesar
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1895:
1894:Faustus Sulla
1890:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:Pella, Jordan
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1591:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1475:flying above.
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1449:known as the
1448:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1352:Narbo Martius
1240:Col de Portet
1228:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1213:Col de Portet
1210:
1209:Narbo Martius
1206:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1167:Sertorian War
1161:Sertorian War
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1121:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1030:Pompeia Magna
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:Gaius Memmius
970:
966:
964:
960:
957:occupied the
956:
952:
948:
938:
936:
930:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
871:
866:
864:
860:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
830:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
771:
770:
763:
761:
757:
753:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
727:
722:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:Sertorian War
637:
633:
632:
627:
623:
618:
616:
615:Julius Caesar
612:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:
583:
556:
551:
543:
532:
527:
525:
520:
518:
513:
512:
510:
509:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
469:
468:War of Actium
466:
464:
463:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
432:
427:
424:
422:
421:Sextus Pompey
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
346:
342:
339:
338:
334:
333:
325:
324:
316:
313:
309:
305:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
273:Sertorian War
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
258:
254:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
203:
199:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
141:Occupation(s)
139:
135:
132:
130:Resting place
128:
125:
124:Assassination
122:
118:
113:
105:
101:
96:
90:
86:
82:
76:
71:
64:
57:
51:
47:
40:
36:
30:
19:
9417:48 BC deaths
9366:
9239:Pirate Round
9219:
9190:Space pirate
9164:Treasure map
9083:
9076:
9069:
9062:
9055:
9048:
9041:
9034:
9027:
9020:
9013:
9006:
8999:
8954:Roronoa Zoro
8904:Jack Sparrow
8844:Captain Nemo
8839:Captain Hook
8761:
8753:
8729:
8599:
8556:
8548:
8539:
8530:
8521:
8508:
8491:Dai Hong Dan
8490:
8482:
8475:
8467:
8459:
8446:
8427:
8246:
8241:Whydah Gally
8239:
8232:
8225:
8218:
8211:
8204:
8197:
8192:Ganj-i-Sawai
8190:
8183:
8176:
8169:
8162:
8156:Pirate ships
8122:
8108:Luis Fajardo
8093:James Brooke
8083:David Porter
8055:Zheng Yi Sao
8030:William Kidd
7985:Stede Bonnet
7970:Shap-ng-tsai
7950:Samuel Mason
7870:Peter Easton
7820:Mary Lindsey
7770:Lai Choi San
7760:Joseph Barss
7755:Joseph Baker
7725:John Hawkins
7720:Johanna Hård
7710:Jean Lafitte
7705:Jan Janszoon
7695:Israel Hands
7675:Henry Morgan
7665:Henri Caesar
7580:Dirk Chivers
7515:Black Caesar
7440:Abshir Boyah
7311:Other waters
7292:Persian Gulf
7280:Somali Coast
7268:Indian Ocean
7240:Spanish Main
7155:River pirate
7133:Moro pirates
7108:Child pirate
7033:21st century
6964:
6948:Thomas North
6908:Themistocles
6859:Gaius Marius
6836:
6703:
6647:
6640:
6581:
6574:
6559:
6554:Pompeo Magno
6552:
6545:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6440:Mucia Tertia
6400:Pompeiopolis
6340:
6333:
6328:Lex Trebonia
6326:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6154:Sena Gallica
6125:
6073:
6066:Roman consul
6064:
6041:
6031:Roman consul
6029:
5995:
5987:Roman consul
5985:
5952:
5945:Roman consul
5943:
5916:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5894:
5877:
5870:
5846:
5842:
5812:(1): 14–33.
5809:
5805:
5791:(1): 67–94.
5788:
5784:
5765:
5732:
5728:
5711:
5707:
5688:
5655:
5651:
5632:
5613:
5590:
5571:
5552:
5514:(1): 49–59.
5511:
5507:
5485:
5466:
5454:. Retrieved
5450:
5427:
5408:
5389:
5370:
5350:
5322:
5286:
5282:
5263:
5244:
5225:
5206:
5196:
5187:Bibliography
5177:
5172:
5160:
5148:
5121:
5112:
5102:
5093:
5083:
5077:(1): 206 ff.
5074:
5070:
5064:
5056:
5048:the original
5043:
5034:
5025:
5020:
5009:
5004:
4993:
4988:
4977:
4973:
4962:
4957:
4946:
4941:
4930:
4925:
4914:
4910:
4899:
4894:
4875:
4869:
4850:
4845:
4838:
4818:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4754:
4747:Holland 2004
4742:
4720:Holland 2004
4715:
4703:
4691:
4679:
4667:
4655:
4643:
4631:
4619:
4607:
4578:
4566:
4554:
4542:
4530:
4503:
4491:
4469:Drogula 2019
4464:
4457:Drogula 2019
4452:
4445:Drogula 2019
4440:
4433:Stanton 2003
4428:
4421:Stanton 2003
4416:
4409:Stanton 2003
4404:
4392:
4380:
4372:
4367:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4326:Collins 1953
4304:
4297:Holland 2004
4282:Holland 2004
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4224:, p. 3.
4217:
4212:, p. 2.
4205:
4200:, p. 6.
4193:
4166:
4154:
4142:
4137:, p. 1.
4130:
4118:
4106:
4098:cura annonae
4096:
4088:
4081:Morrill 2017
4076:
4068:
4063:
4046:
4037:
4025:
4013:
4005:
4000:
3992:
3987:
3979:
3974:
3966:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3936:
3931:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3906:
3901:
3893:
3888:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3851:
3846:
3841:, pp. 33–35.
3838:
3834:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3733:
3721:
3714:Tröster 2009
3709:
3702:Tröster 2009
3697:
3689:
3684:
3676:
3671:
3663:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3606:Holland 2004
3601:
3594:Collins 1953
3578:
3573:
3565:
3560:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3535:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3446:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3413:
3408:
3396:
3384:
3372:
3365:Holland 2004
3360:
3348:
3336:
3324:
3312:
3305:Collins 1953
3300:
3288:
3276:
3264:
3252:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3194:Collins 1953
3189:
3177:
3165:
3138:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3059:Collins 1953
3042:Beesley 1892
3037:
3030:Collins 1953
3025:
3013:
3001:
2982:
2973:
2956:
2944:
2931:
2918:
2909:
2901:corona aurea
2900:
2894:
2870:
2853:
2844:
2828:
2799:
2704:, father of
2683:Mucia Tertia
2673:Gaius Marius
2611:
2601:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2574:
2567:Alaric Watts
2552:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2509:
2501:
2491:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2405:Mucia Tertia
2387:
2368:
2349:
2337:Ptolemy XIII
2330:
2313:
2302:
2295:
2264:
2253:
2218:
2199:
2182:
2179:
2175:Jean Fouquet
2170:
2161:
2148:into Italy.
2142:
2129:
2127:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2093:
2091:
2079:
2058:
2046:
2039:
2025:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1992:, leader of
1975:
1969:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1947:, and Pompey
1918:
1916:
1905:
1898:
1859:
1849:, which the
1820:
1774:
1751:Panticapaeum
1744:
1724:
1701:
1669:Phraates III
1665:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1649:to pass the
1632:
1601:
1562:
1550:
1531:
1517:
1509:
1493:
1486:
1478:
1444:
1432:
1424:
1408:
1381:
1202:
1170:
1144:
1127:
1010:
997:
975:
962:
944:
931:
916:
896:Via Flaminia
893:
889:Sena Gallica
867:
855:
832:
813:Roman Senate
787:
775:embezzlement
764:
749:
731:
710:Ptolemy XIII
694:Roman Senate
687:
669:
664:
654:
629:
619:
595:
554:
541:
540:
472:
460:
430:
415:
355:
341:Ancient Rome
256:Battles/wars
241:Pompeia gens
179:Mucia Tertia
29:
9154:Pirate code
9129:Keelhauling
9117:Jolly Roger
8979:Will Turner
8914:José Gaspar
8814:Barbe Rouge
8711:Slave trade
7965:Sister Ping
7895:Rachel Wall
7690:Huang Bamei
7670:Henry Every
7625:Fūma Kotarō
7620:Flying Gang
7535:Calico Jack
7525:Bully Hayes
7328:Falcon Lake
7302:Nosy Boraha
7160:Sea Beggars
7148:Confederate
7118:Filibusters
6938:John Dryden
6819:Philopoemen
6756:Demosthenes
6316:Lex Manilia
6276:Dyrrhachium
6220:Coracaesium
6159:2nd Clusium
5165:Abbott 1963
4998:pp. 209–213
4813:, p. .
4696:Keppie 1984
4397:Ramsey 2016
4385:Ramsey 2016
4171:Kuritz 1987
4043:Cassius Dio
3939:, 36.48–50.
3896:, 36.45–46.
3822:Seager 2002
3786:Seager 2002
3750:Flower 2014
3738:Seager 2002
3568:, pp. 19–21
3269:Seager 2002
2800:in absentia
2761:triumvirate
2559:John Hervey
2528:(1663) by
2494:Renaissance
2445:Generalship
2372:Alban Hills
2256:Mark Antony
2233:Dyrrhachium
2210:Dyrrhachium
2021:Gallic Wars
2008:Lex Vatinia
1827:Hyrcanus II
1688:Mithridates
1657:lex Gabinia
1652:lex Manilia
1554:Coracaesium
1533:Lex Gabinia
853:(General).
817:a civil war
754:, becoming
488:Curia Julia
9401:Categories
9313:Categories
9289:Privateers
9251:Matelotage
9185:Air pirate
9149:Pet parrot
9001:The Pirate
8949:Nico Robin
8869:Davy Jones
8809:Tom Ayrton
8783:Pirates in
8672:Piracy Act
8641:Piracy law
8557:North Star
8220:My Revenge
8073:Angelo Emo
8035:Zheng Jing
8000:Thomas Tew
7795:Lo Hon-cho
7615:Flora Burn
7595:Edward Low
7565:Dan Seavey
7560:Chui A-poo
7520:Blackbeard
7465:Anne Bonny
7403:Saint-Malo
7383:Port Royal
7368:Libertatia
7180:Ushkuyniks
7143:Privateers
7138:Narentines
7098:Buccaneers
7028:Golden Age
6823:Flamininus
6716:Artaxerxes
6691:Coriolanus
6687:Alcibiades
6271:Brundisium
6212:Pirate War
6149:Asio River
5555:. Abacus.
4919:pp. 33, 50
4904:pp. 212–23
4885:0415224101
4860:0761403574
4823:Brice 2014
4811:Leach 1978
4787:Plutarch,
4770:Plutarch,
4759:Haley 1985
4735:Beard 2015
4708:Wylle 1992
4684:Leach 1978
4672:Wylle 1992
4660:Wylle 1992
4648:Leach 1978
4636:Leach 1978
4624:Leach 1978
4612:Leach 1978
4600:Wylle 1992
4583:Leach 1978
4559:Wylle 1992
4547:Leach 1978
4535:Leach 1978
4523:Wylle 1992
4508:Wylle 1992
4496:Wylle 1992
4484:Wylle 1992
4354:Plutarch,
4337:Plutarch,
4270:Beard 2015
4258:Beard 2015
4234:Leach 1978
4186:Haley 1985
4159:Leach 1978
4147:Beard 2015
4123:Leach 1978
4071:, 14.54.79
4067:Josephus,
4030:Leach 1978
4018:Leach 1978
3948:Plutarch,
3918:Plutarch,
3863:Plutarch,
3833:Plutarch,
3810:Leach 1978
3798:Leach 1978
3774:Leach 1978
3762:Leach 1978
3726:Leach 1978
3688:Plutarch,
3675:Plutarch,
3630:Plutarch,
3617:Plutarch,
3579:Histories,
3564:Plutarch,
3555:, 18–20.1.
3547:Plutarch,
3511:Leach 1978
3487:Leach 1978
3463:Leach 1978
3439:Leach 1978
3425:Plutarch,
3401:Leach 1978
3389:Leach 1978
3377:Leach 1978
3353:Leach 1978
3341:Leach 1978
3329:Gruen 1995
3317:Gruen 1995
3281:Leach 1978
3245:Leach 1978
3233:Leach 1978
3221:Leach 1978
3209:Haley 1985
3182:Haley 1985
3170:Beard 2015
3158:Leach 1978
3143:Leach 1978
3131:Leach 1978
3119:Leach 1978
3107:Leach 1978
3095:Beard 2015
3071:Beard 2015
3018:Leach 1978
3006:Leach 1978
2994:References
2968:in Albania
2935:Historian
2863:centurions
2645:Social War
2546:(1724) by
2506:Thomas Kyd
2202:Brundisium
1671:, king of
1643:Cappadocia
1602:In 73 BC,
1414:troops in
1177:proscribed
951:propraetor
843:Brundusium
781:daughter,
626:consulship
263:Social War
9134:Marooning
8762:Brillante
8551:hijacking
8542:hijacking
8533:hijacking
8524:hijacking
7825:Mary Read
7730:John Hoar
7600:Eli Boggs
7570:Diabolito
7351:and bases
7287:Indonesia
7252:Venezuela
7230:Caribbean
6886:Cleomenes
6873:Sertorius
6846:Poplicola
6841:Agesilaus
6814:Marcellus
6810:Pelopidas
6747:Demetrius
6729:Aristides
6625:Works of
6526:Pharsalia
6352:Buildings
6281:Pharsalus
6253:Jerusalem
5834:154000527
5757:144556938
5680:152020610
5544:154822339
5528:1477-4550
5311:161450990
5176:Juvenal,
4982:pp. 56–60
4935:pp. 76 ff
4839:Pharsalus
4571:Boak 1921
4375:, 2.13.14
4362:, 53.4–6.
4055:264964964
3956:, 32.3–7.
3926:, 32.1–3.
3871:, 30.1–5.
3664:Periochae
3577:Sallust,
3083:Boak 1921
2820:Footnotes
2732:Spartacus
2721:Sertorius
2685:, of the
2486:Pharsalia
2309:Pharsalus
2260:Nymphaeum
2229:Apollonia
2191:Corfinium
2130:optimates
2013:Illyricum
1976:optimates
1919:optimates
1908:sesterces
1878:Pamphylia
1874:Deiotarus
1855:Decapolis
1843:Jerusalem
1835:Phoenicia
1815:Decapolis
1708:Black Sea
1661:optimates
1647:tribunate
1494:optimates
1447:Spartacus
1338:Lusitania
1135:proconsul
923:Lucanians
904:Praeneste
900:Spoletium
881:Ariminium
851:Imperator
689:optimates
478:Caesareum
396:Cleopatra
237:Relatives
9386:Category
9112:Eyepatch
8984:Zanzibar
8959:Sandokan
8939:Mr. Smee
8804:Askeladd
8732:Incident
8602:incident
8511:incident
8493:incident
8485:incident
8430:incident
8045:Zheng Yi
8040:Zheng Qi
8020:Wang Zhi
7900:Redbeard
7790:Limahong
7740:John Pro
7645:Gan Ning
7530:Cai Qian
7338:Sulu Sea
7165:Sea Dogs
6912:Camillus
6899:Timoleon
6805:Lycurgus
6792:Lysander
6783:Lucullus
6778:Pericles
6627:Plutarch
6583:Category
6506:(sister)
6494:(father)
6459:Children
6430:Antistia
6390:Pamplona
6197:Saguntum
6187:Valentia
5899:Historia
5855:41541372
5826:40388852
5749:43830445
5720:45019234
5658:: 1–26.
5652:Traditio
5456:16 March
5321:(1974).
5180:, p. 283
5178:Satire X
5014:pp. 61–2
4917:(1892),
4371:Florus,
4345:, 23.5–6
3965:Appian,
3909:, 36.47.
3534:Appian,
3412:Appian,
2884:Lycaonia
2859:tribunes
2813:Pelusium
2719:against
2717:Hispania
2479:'s epic
2393:Antistia
2356:Pelusium
2333:Mytilene
2271:Thessaly
2214:Thessaly
2206:Adriatic
2183:optimate
2107:Imperium
2094:optimate
1994:optimate
1962:optimate
1953:optimate
1801:Damascus
1716:Machares
1686:Bust of
1612:Bithynia
1573:Calabria
1481:Plutarch
1404:Saguntum
1384:Valencia
1296:Saguntum
1268:Valencia
1181:Hispania
1155:Sardinia
1098:Sardinia
1022:Metellus
994:Hiempsal
935:Plutarch
921:and the
919:Samnites
898:towards
859:Metellus
847:Campania
783:Antistia
652:cognomen
636:triumphs
608:dictator
483:Comitium
366:Augustus
349:Republic
343:and the
312:Triumphs
201:Children
167:Antistia
112:Pelusium
9350:Pirates
9279:Pirates
8787:culture
8785:popular
8730:Amistad
8531:Zafirah
8234:Saladin
8066:hunters
7855:Ng Akew
7455:Alfhild
7428:Pirates
7408:Tortuga
7190:Vikings
7086:Algiers
7015:Periods
6877:Eumenes
6868:Theseus
6864:Romulus
6855:Pyrrhus
6828:Phocion
6738:Crassus
6649:Moralia
6504:Pompeia
6498:Pompeia
6435:Aemilia
6243:Pelorus
6060:Himself
6048:Himself
6039:, 52 BC
5843:Latomus
5797:4436678
5691:. OUP.
5392:. CUP.
5341:1288923
5067:Series"
3638:, 21.2.
3538:, 1.110
3429:, p. 18
3416:, 1.109
2888:Phrygia
2880:Isauria
2876:Pisidia
2837:Lucania
2833:Samnium
2730:led by
2698:Picenum
2689:family;
2635:Picenum
2416:Pompeia
2267:Aetolia
2221:Albania
2185:leader
2146:Rubicon
2138:Ravenna
2115:Paullus
2087:Carrhae
2083:Publius
1945:Crassus
1901:talents
1870:Galatia
1785:Antioch
1706:on the
1704:Colchis
1698:, Paris
1694:in the
1673:Parthia
1628:Armenia
1608:Cilicia
1520:Cilicia
1473:Victory
1465:Hiarbas
1420:Vaccaei
1390:at the
1366:Vaccaei
1324:Italica
1185:Iberian
1112:Picenum
990:Hiarbas
986:Numidia
912:Etruria
870:praetor
839:Picenum
779:judge's
734:Picenum
672:Crassus
473:Places
431:Events
411:Lepidus
406:Crassus
381:Cassius
356:People
347:of the
213:Pompeia
173:Aemilia
160:Spouses
136:, Italy
134:Albanum
114:, Egypt
97:, Italy
95:Picenum
46:Pompeii
9407:Pompey
9340:Piracy
9246:Mutiny
9144:Pegleg
9095:Tropes
8993:Novels
8889:Franky
8559:affair
8123:Pompey
8064:Pirate
8005:Veborg
7490:Awilda
7378:Mamora
7185:Uskoks
7007:Piracy
6837:Pompey
6774:Fabius
6769:Brutus
6760:Cicero
6751:Antony
6742:Nicias
6518:Legacy
6500:(aunt)
6476:Sextus
6466:Gnaeus
6414:Family
6405:Samsun
6383:Cities
6182:Lauron
6126:Pompey
6072:With:
5994:With:
5951:With:
5887:
5853:
5832:
5824:
5795:
5772:
5755:
5747:
5718:
5695:
5678:
5672:641489
5670:
5639:
5620:
5601:
5578:
5559:
5542:
5536:642299
5534:
5526:
5492:
5473:
5434:
5415:
5396:
5377:
5358:
5339:
5329:
5309:
5303:641489
5301:
5270:
5251:
5232:
5213:
4882:
4857:
4101:of 57.
4053:
3692:, 12.2
3679:, 12.1
3666:, 97.6
3662:Livy,
3621:, 11.7
3581:1.2.82
2937:Florus
2886:, and
2706:Brutus
2622:Cicero
2526:Pompey
2352:Cyprus
2305:Gomphi
2287:Lissus
2283:Gnaeus
2225:Oricum
2134:Naples
2028:Cicero
1941:Caesar
1847:Temple
1789:Apamea
1731:Phasis
1727:subdue
1696:Louvre
1692:Pontus
1659:. The
1622:, and
1620:Pontus
1513:Rhodes
1469:Gnaeus
1461:Aureus
1411:Clunia
1310:Clunia
1254:Lauron
1147:Mutina
1084:Mutina
1034:Sextus
998:Magnus
908:Umbria
835:legion
790:consul
756:consul
742:family
676:Caesar
656:Magnus
646:, the
642:, the
604:empire
555:Pompey
546:Latin:
498:Rostra
416:Pompey
391:Cicero
376:Caesar
371:Brutus
361:Antony
307:Awards
227:Father
218:Sextus
208:Gnaeus
153:Consul
149:Office
60:Pompey
50:Pompei
9272:Lists
8974:Usopp
8964:Sanji
8600:Quest
8509:Irene
8468:Fancy
8460:Bravo
8178:Fancy
7990:Teuta
7930:Rusla
7373:Lundy
7214:Areas
7200:Wokou
6965:Lives
6850:Solon
6796:Sulla
6787:Cimon
6720:Galba
6680:Lives
6634:Works
6485:Other
6445:Julia
6422:Wives
6238:Lycus
6192:Sucro
6164:Utica
5851:JSTOR
5830:S2CID
5822:JSTOR
5793:JSTOR
5753:S2CID
5745:JSTOR
5716:JSTOR
5676:S2CID
5668:JSTOR
5540:S2CID
5532:JSTOR
5307:S2CID
5299:JSTOR
2962:Petra
2782:Julia
2769:Julia
2652:Sulla
2532:, as
2477:Lucan
2428:Julia
2341:Egypt
2319:Death
2237:block
2173:, by
2123:Curio
2076:49 BC
2003:forum
1823:Judea
1811:Judea
1781:Syria
1747:Syria
1677:Lycus
1542:Crete
1524:Ostia
1282:Sucro
684:Julia
611:Sulla
594:) or
185:Julia
9265:Meta
8944:Nami
8696:1850
8692:1837
8688:1721
8684:1717
8680:1698
8676:1536
8476:Anne
8248:York
7575:Dido
7048:2024
7043:2023
7038:2022
6910:and
6901:and
6888:and
6882:Agis
6875:and
6866:and
6857:and
6848:and
6839:and
6830:and
6821:and
6812:and
6803:and
6801:Numa
6794:and
6785:and
6776:and
6767:and
6765:Dion
6758:and
6749:and
6740:and
6731:and
6724:Otho
6718:and
6705:life
6698:and
6689:and
6395:Soli
6248:Abas
6202:Osca
6033:III
5917:Klio
5885:ISBN
5770:ISBN
5693:ISBN
5637:ISBN
5618:ISBN
5599:ISBN
5576:ISBN
5557:ISBN
5524:ISSN
5490:ISBN
5471:ISBN
5458:2023
5432:ISBN
5413:ISBN
5394:ISBN
5375:ISBN
5356:ISBN
5337:OCLC
5327:ISBN
5268:ISBN
5249:ISBN
5230:ISBN
5211:ISBN
5075:1476
4880:ISBN
4855:ISBN
4791:and
4051:OCLC
3257:Gray
2835:and
2269:and
2241:Apus
2227:and
2117:and
2054:Gaul
1935:The
1924:and
1829:and
1799:and
1739:Abas
1569:Dyme
1565:Soli
1538:Piso
1416:Gaul
1070:Rome
1056:Cosa
1016:and
1006:name
949:was
910:and
807:and
746:Rome
674:and
591:-pee
386:Cato
345:fall
103:Died
88:Born
37:and
8547:MV
8538:MT
8529:MT
5999:II
5989:II
5814:doi
5737:doi
5733:144
5660:doi
5516:doi
5291:doi
2610:'s
2600:'s
2573:in
2536:by
2520:'s
2500:'s
2492:In
2212:in
2208:to
2085:at
2049:met
1690:of
1626:of
1618:of
589:POM
48:or
9403::
8694:,
8690:,
8686:,
8682:,
8678:,
6892:/
6884:/
6722:/
6714:/
5915:,
5897:,
5847:51
5845:.
5828:.
5820:.
5810:56
5808:.
5789:52
5787:.
5751:.
5743:.
5731:.
5712:65
5710:.
5674:.
5666:.
5656:29
5654:.
5597:.
5593:.
5538:.
5530:.
5522:.
5512:32
5510:.
5449:.
5335:.
5305:.
5297:.
5287:22
5285:.
5133:^
5111:.
5092:.
5073:.
5069:.
5042:.
4830:^
4799:^
4774:,
4727:^
4590:^
4515:^
4476:^
4358:,
4341:,
4316:^
4289:^
4178:^
3952:,
3922:,
3867:,
3837:,
3655:^
3634:,
3586:^
3551:,
3201:^
3150:^
3049:^
2882:,
2878:,
2741:);
2647:);
2624:.
2593:.
2550:.
2508:,
2074:c.
1982:.
1943:,
1914:.
1803:.
1544:,
1036:.
1008:.
803:,
785:.
762:.
712:.
617:.
310:3
8698:)
8674:(
8653:)
8649:(
6999:e
6992:t
6985:v
6708:)
6702:(
6665:"
6661:"
6658:"
6654:"
6618:e
6611:t
6604:v
6118:e
6111:t
6104:v
5857:.
5836:.
5816::
5799:.
5778:.
5759:.
5739::
5722:.
5701:.
5682:.
5662::
5645:.
5626:.
5607:.
5584:.
5565:.
5546:.
5518::
5498:.
5479:.
5460:.
5440:.
5421:.
5402:.
5383:.
5364:.
5343:.
5313:.
5293::
5276:.
5257:.
5238:.
5219:.
5115:.
5096:.
4888:.
4863:.
4761:.
4057:.
3259:.
2815:.
2802:;
2795:;
2771:;
2723:;
2712:;
2637:;
582:/
579:i
576:p
573:m
570:ɒ
567:p
564:ˈ
561:/
557:(
544:(
530:e
523:t
516:v
52:.
41:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.