710:, Caesar replied that he would hand over fifty talents and sent his companions to Miletus so that they could obtain the sum of money with which to pay the ransom, while he would remain on Pharmacussa with two slaves and his personal physician. During his stay on the island, which lasted for thirty-eight days, Caesar composed numerous poems and then submitted them to the judgment of his jailers; more generally, he acted rather peculiarly with the pirates, always treating them as if he was the one in charge of their lives and promising several times that once he was free he would have them all killed. When his companions returned, taking with them the money that the cities had offered them to pay the ransom, Caesar fled to the
45:
1266:), near which they were first defeated in battle and then besieged. Eventually, they decided to send ambassadors to the Roman proconsul and surrendered along with the rebellious cities and islands under their control, which were often difficult to storm. The war on piracy had thus ended in less than three months with the surrender of all ships (71 captured and 306 delivered), including some 90 with brass bows. Captured pirates amounted to more than 20,000 in number (10,000 had been killed); they were not put to death, but neither were they allowed to go free: this would result in the recreation of straggling, poor, belligerent bands, with great danger for the future.
1338:
5748:
5614:
4773:
4706:
4575:
3958:
3560:
837:
1141:, which sailed in actual squads under pirate leaders who were like the generals of an army. They occupied an unfortified city. They tore down the walls of the others, captured after a regular siege, looting them. They then took the wealthiest citizens away to their hidden headquarters, holding them hostage and demanding their ransom. They scorned the appellation of thieves, describing their spoils as war prizes. They had chained artisans to do work for them, and continually bringing them materials of wood, brass and iron.
438:
2995:
1106:
631:
238:
311:
on the open sea, he was usually defeated and destroyed. If he then managed to beat them, he was unable to capture them, because of the speed of their ships. So the pirates would go right back and loot and burn not only villages and farms, but whole towns, while others made them allies, so much so that they wintered there and set up bases for new operations, as if it were a friendly country.
1271:
way of being when these live in a gentler way of life, decided to transfer the men from the sea to the land, allowing them to live in a gentler way of life, in cities and cultivating the land. Some of them, therefore, were welcomed and integrated into the small, semi-deserted cities of
Cilicia, to which he added additional territories; after rebuilding the city of
723:
Bithynia, and proceeded to execute the prisoners himself: he had them crucified after strangling them, so as to spare them a long and excruciating agony. In this way, according to pro-Cesarian sources, he merely fulfilled what he had promised the pirates during their captivity, and was even able to return the money his comrades had had to demand for ransom.
1391:, king of Pontus, in the East. This command essentially entrusted Pompey with the conquest and reorganization of the entire eastern Mediterranean. It was the second command supported by Caesar in favor of Pompey. The latter led the campaigns from 65 B.C. to 62 B.C. with such military power and administrative capacity that
1325:
and fought alongside them, thus making Pompey obnoxious and putting him in a ridiculous situation, out of envy and jealousy toward
Metellus. Metellus, however, did not relent and eventually succeeded in capturing and punishing the pirates, sending Octavius back after insulting and beating him in front of the
1232:
Some of the bands of pirates who were still free but asked for forgiveness were treated humanely , so much so that after their ships were seized and people handed over, no further harm was done to them; the others then had hope of being forgiven, tried to escape from the other commanders, and went to
822:
inland (about 70 km), placing him above any military leader in the east. In addition to this, he was given the power to choose 15 legates from the Senate, to be distributed in the main sea areas, take any money he wished from the public treasury and tax collectors, as well as 200 fully armed and
722:
in his will. Here he asked the propraetor to provide for the punishment of the pirates, but the latter refused, instead attempting to seize the money taken from the pirates himself, and then decided to resell the prisoners. Caesar then, before Iuncus could put his plans into action, set sail, leaving
310:
The pirates no longer sailed in small groups, but in large hosts, and they had their own commanders, who increased their fame . They despoiled and plundered first of all those who sailed, not leaving them alone even in winter ; then also those who were in the ports. And if one dared to challenge them
1324:
relates that those who had survived and were under siege by the Romans sent messages, begging Pompey to come to them. The Roman proconsul accepted the invitation and wrote to
Metellus to suspend the siege, then sent one of his legates, Lucius Octavius, who entered three of the pirates' strongholds
1270:
Reflecting, then, that by nature man is not and does not become a savage or asocial creature, but is transformed by the unnatural practice of vice; where he can be softened by new customs through the change of place and life, then, if even ferocious beasts can extinguish their ferocious and savage
1122:
went on, they became more and more numerous and built larger ships. Having big gains, they did not stop when
Mithridates was defeated and called for peace, and then withdrew . Having lost both their livelihood and their country due to the war, having fallen into extreme misery, they used the sea
1206:
into at least 15 districts, assigning to each a certain number of ships and a commander. Then with his forces, distributed in each sector of the sea infested with fleets of pirate ships, he began to pursue the enemy first in the West, succeeding in tracking down their respective headquarters and
1418:, which he occupied in a short time. Pompey imposed a general reorganization on the kings of the new eastern provinces, cleverly taking into account the geographical and political factors associated with the creation of a new frontier of Rome in the east. With all his campaigns (Pompey defeated
465:, in fact, had set them up at a time when he was ravaging all the Roman coasts, thinking that he could not hold these regions for long. Their numbers had thus greatly increased, and this had led to continual attacks on ports, fortresses, and cities. They had succeeded in capturing the cities of
806:
was suspicious of his intentions and afraid of his power. The optimates tried by all means to avoid it. Significantly, Caesar was among the handful of senators who supported Pompey's leadership from the beginning. The nomination then was advanced by the
1211:
itself, in the East. Against the piratical forces in the latter region, Pompey decided to proceed in person with his 60 best ships. He had, therefore, first proceeded against the western piratical nucleus, reducing it completely to obedience, from the
1233:
Pompey with their wives and children, surrendering to him. All these were spared, and through their help all those who were still free in their hiding places were tracked down, seized, and punished, as they knew they had committed unforgivable crimes.
1174:. They chose as their "headquarters" the coast of Cilicia, which is rugged, with no easy mooring points and sheer cliffs. This is the main reason why all the pirates were called by the common name of Cilicians, although there were some who came from
489:
adds that the ships of the pirates had certainly reached more than 1,000, and the settlements captured by them numbered at least 400, having attacked and plundered places that had never been violated such as sanctuaries, including those of
787:, which had seen the proliferation of these bands that plundered ports, cities and trading ships unchallenged. At first, under their commander Isodorus, they limited themselves to striking the seas closest to them, between Crete,
1162:. Instead, they compared themselves to kings, tyrants and great armies, and believed that united they would be invincible. They therefore built ships and all kinds of weapons. Their headquarters was at a place called Cragus in
1372:, demonstrating extraordinary discipline and organizational skill. Cilicia proper (Trachea and Pedias), which had been a den of pirates for over forty years, was thus finally subdued. Following these events the city of
461:, the province of Asia was in a state of great misery. The conflict had led its territories to suffer constant assaults by numerous bands of pirates, which resembled regular fleets rather than bands of brigands.
1224:, Sea of Corsica and Sea of Sicily in only forty days, thanks to his tireless energy and the zeal of his lieutenants. Having finished these initial operations, he briefly passed through Rome and proceeded to
714:, ruled by the propraetor Marcus Iuncus. Upon reaching Miletus, Caesar armed ships and hurried back to Phacussa, where he captured the pirates without difficulty; then he went with the prisoners in tow to
196:
771:
appointments, unprecedented in Roman history. In 67 B.C., two years after his consulship, Pompey was appointed commander of a special fleet to conduct a campaign against the pirates infesting the
398:, Roman commander Quintus Brucius Sura, who had first headed against Metrophanes with a small army (so much so that he had a naval clash with him, where he succeeded in sinking a large ship and a
779:
pirates had invaded the seas, making relations between the different populations impossible, bringing war everywhere and generating heavy repercussions in maritime trade, including the very
818:, which gave Pompey command of the war against the Mediterranean pirates for three years, with a broad power that ensured him absolute control over the sea and also over the coasts for 400
1320:. After all, Crete was something of a second pirate base in importance, next to Cilicia. Although Metellus had killed many of them, he had not yet succeeded in completely destroying them.
4553:
4254:
189:
2759:
182:
1380:. As many as 39 new cities were then founded. The speed of the campaign indicated that Pompey was also talented as a general at sea, with strong logistical skills.
892:. In reality the forces numbered no more than 270 ships (including hemiolias), 4,000 horsemen and 120,000 armed men, under the command of 14 legates (according to
3477:
1250:
The most numerous and powerful bands of pirates had taken refuge with their families and treasures in a number of fortified fortresses and citadels near the
1190:
and almost all eastern regions. Their numbers later increased over time to several tens of thousands, scattered over the entire
Mediterranean as far as the
17:
406:, a den of pirates, where he crucified slaves and cut off the hands of freedmen who had taken refuge there (87 B.C.). In the following years (86–85 B.C.),
565:, at the foot of the mountain of the same name, wresting it from the pirate leader, Zenicetus, who had died defending it. He then began his march through
5781:
4963:
4879:
5786:
951:
4757:
2260:
1312:
was in Crete to also eradicate the pirates on the island, from before the war against the pirates was entrusted to Pompey. He was related to that
1042:
5106:
4968:
4281:
4229:
344:, by Lucius Fabius Labeon, commander of the fleet, who nevertheless failed to obtain the return of Roman citizens taken captive by pirates.
4973:
3034:
1845:
1836:
1170:), which they had chosen as their common anchorage and encampment. They owned fortresses with towers, and entire islands throughout the
5516:
5496:
481:
himself was at the time, and it was said that they succeeded in robbing the temple, which stood there, which had ornaments worth 1,000
3432:
5584:
4629:
682:, Quintus Caecilius Metellus took the surname "Creticus." In the course of this war, a curious episode is recounted about the young
5796:
730:
690:, a pilgrimage destination for young Romans of the upper classes eager to learn Greek culture and philosophy, he was kidnapped by
589:, which he achieved by diverting the course of a river and taking the city by thirst. For his brilliant conduct, he was acclaimed
5172:
4666:
941:
5506:
2883:
914:
5801:
5033:
4752:
961:
799:, which, because of the riches of plundered booty, were renamed the "Golden Sea," and then they began to expand their range.
54:
1228:, then proceeding against the eastern pirate nuclei, which were certainly more "important" in numbers, ships and armaments.
5771:
5454:
2629:
206:
256:
248:
5501:
5405:
4644:
2915:
2726:
1309:
910:
815:
675:
655:
553:, achieving numerous victories over the pirates (equipped with light, fast warships), forcing them to take refuge in the
670:, Lytto, and Hierapytna), despite the conflict that arose between Quintus Metellus and the legate sent to the island by
1118:
In the beginning roamed around with a couple of small boats, worrying the inhabitants of the area as thieves. As the
678:(lex Gabinia) had been granted extraordinary command for the fight against the pirates. Following the conquest of the
5511:
4901:
2502:
2483:
2451:
2432:
542:
274:
5536:
5443:
4403:
2566:
2534:
5263:
4614:
4239:
3381:
3027:
2978:
2404:
1313:
367:
area, so much so that as a result of reported successes over the piratical populations, a second Roman province,
3302:
2348:
2334:
2306:
5253:
4660:
4639:
2739:
2571:
1392:
1158:
The pirates were so exalted by their easy gains that they decided not to change their way of life although the
5554:
5597:
5579:
5227:
4259:
2776:
2693:
1283:, Pompey settled many of them there. For most of them, however, he gave as his residence the city of Dyme in
5521:
5118:
4737:
4676:
4506:
4316:
1841:
1832:
44:
5574:
4951:
4854:
4393:
4152:
2278:
802:
The assignment given to Pompey was initially surrounded by controversy. The conservative faction of the
5430:
4693:
4536:
4408:
4298:
3056:
3020:
2862:
2670:
2614:
2266:
1778:
1766:
893:
885:
662:) and Polyrrhenion, led to the gradual conquest of the main centers of anti-Roman resistance (Cydonia,
5663:
5592:
5167:
5023:
4956:
4182:
4125:
2921:
2847:
2839:
2376:
1403:
767:
were deeply suspicious of his intentions. His primacy in the state was enhanced by two extraordinary
5084:
623:
stormed, as well as the seizure of a number of women from noble Roman families and even a couple of
557:
hinterland. Vatia, who was an energetic and resolute commander, almost immediately took the city of
5704:
5424:
5209:
4916:
4443:
4438:
4244:
3975:
3525:
3178:
3043:
2852:
2604:
2576:
1453:
1427:
1411:
1377:
1125:
746:
719:
643:
550:
450:
446:
368:
360:
5311:
5791:
5653:
5526:
5182:
5130:
4833:
4624:
4531:
4418:
4053:
3404:
2581:
1284:
792:
764:
5569:
3993:
5691:
5559:
5204:
5013:
5008:
4938:
4828:
4671:
4543:
4276:
3706:
3657:
3600:
3545:
3399:
2909:
1419:
1388:
1341:
971:
462:
5682:
5564:
5238:
5214:
5069:
4548:
4433:
4331:
4306:
3898:
3777:
3731:
3662:
3627:
2752:
2680:
2660:
2647:
1384:
1159:
1095:
711:
458:
434:, risking capture by pirates several times, although he had ravaged much of their coastline.
395:
356:
174:
3863:
3371:
1337:
5658:
5531:
5471:
5324:
5258:
5101:
5089:
4933:
4742:
4501:
4496:
4398:
4358:
4162:
4058:
4048:
4041:
3595:
2745:
2637:
2558:
2527:
1146:
808:
707:
220:
4688:
302:
and damaging the eastern Roman provinces, completed in about 40 days under the command of
8:
5720:
5648:
5476:
5466:
5437:
5305:
5138:
5079:
4649:
4558:
4458:
4448:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4368:
4363:
4348:
4343:
4264:
4120:
3998:
3943:
3868:
3292:
3256:
2964:
2719:
2698:
2688:
2655:
2400:
2362:
1878:
1353:
1254:. They were waiting with their powerful fleet for Pompey's attack near the promontory of
1203:
1191:
864:'s provisions, was initially to count on 500 ships, 120,000 armed men (equal to about 30
391:, with the exclusion of its coastline, which was still, in part, infested with pirates.
5417:
5074:
4874:
4859:
4654:
4609:
4604:
4453:
4003:
3615:
2665:
1423:
1399:
1276:
1002:
935:
581:
for the first time to Roman arms and head inland, intending to take the capital of the
5337:
4998:
4946:
4928:
4869:
4491:
4428:
4423:
4353:
4249:
4209:
4204:
4187:
4157:
3823:
3767:
3761:
3610:
3587:
3409:
3339:
3297:
2957:
2786:
2781:
2498:
2479:
2463:
La
Repubblica imperiale: l'Età della conquista, Storia Einaudi dei Greci e dei Romani
2447:
2428:
1826:
1791:
1171:
857:
772:
699:
299:
2320:
1207:
capturing a considerable number of their ships, until he laid siege to the coast of
836:
5643:
5378:
5094:
4838:
4747:
4468:
4463:
4271:
4214:
4197:
4167:
4098:
3873:
3652:
3530:
3457:
3277:
3153:
2867:
2619:
2599:
2386:
1448:
1251:
1119:
1075:
998:
784:
734:
612:
578:
577:. Having wrested all the coastal cities from the rebels, he had the army cross the
5330:
5199:
2292:
1434:
and Syria became Roman provinces and
Jerusalem was conquered, all in Rome's name.
1094:
recounts that the pirate ships had certainly reached over 1,000 by the end of the
5776:
5059:
4413:
4373:
4311:
3414:
3349:
3203:
3000:
2791:
2609:
2520:
1431:
1280:
1221:
1187:
667:
558:
531:
5111:
921:) and not, as Florus would have it, the latter placed to guard the Egyptian Sea;
5365:
5299:
5054:
4813:
4681:
4486:
4481:
4192:
4145:
4063:
4008:
3736:
3642:
3605:
3452:
3314:
3148:
2950:
2812:
1373:
1213:
1079:
1036:
904:
819:
811:
442:
352:
333:
291:
110:
913:
in the upper
Adriatic Sea, in whose employ may have been Pompey's young sons (
5765:
5713:
5398:
5358:
5344:
5003:
4818:
4593:
4140:
4135:
4108:
4036:
3933:
3467:
3389:
3138:
3118:
3081:
2893:
2888:
2591:
2461:
Crawford, M. H. (2008). "Origini e sviluppi del sistema provinciale romano".
2390:
918:
869:
788:
683:
635:
608:
604:
586:
371:, was established in 101–100 B.C. The latter province initially consisted of
5351:
3674:
718:, where Iuncus was overseeing the implementation of the wishes expressed by
5459:
5149:
5143:
5049:
5044:
4983:
4864:
4219:
4093:
4068:
4020:
4013:
3938:
3853:
3489:
3424:
3282:
3220:
3143:
3101:
2971:
2857:
2817:
975:
945:
928:
881:
865:
861:
803:
780:
742:
482:
437:
5384:
5698:
5281:
5220:
5039:
4993:
4978:
4906:
4634:
4113:
3918:
3813:
3620:
3356:
3287:
3193:
3111:
3096:
2733:
2274:
2004:
1857:
1813:
1017:
986:
931:(according to Florus) or the Sardinian-Corsica Sea (according to Appian);
796:
763:
By 69 B.C., Pompey was the favorite of the Roman masses even though many
750:
695:
647:
316:
5736:
3793:
5233:
5064:
4923:
4911:
4823:
4732:
4321:
4073:
3741:
3716:
3695:
3637:
3499:
3472:
3188:
3068:
1326:
1217:
1046:
1013:
965:
849:
530:
at Samos, Argos, and
Lacinium. They also offered strange sacrifices at
474:
337:
85:
4988:
5243:
5156:
4172:
4130:
4103:
3913:
3858:
3842:
3700:
3540:
3494:
3419:
3394:
3361:
3215:
3158:
3133:
2943:
2358:
1890:
1415:
1365:
1183:
1066:
1058:
1024:
979:
768:
590:
566:
546:
511:
503:
499:
431:
423:
380:
3012:
2414:
Antonelli, Giuseppe (1992). "Mitridate, il nemico mortale di Roma".
1932:
Velleius
Paterculus, Roman History, II, 42.3; Plutarch, Caesar, 2.6.
1923:
Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, II, 42.2.; Polyenus, VIII, 23.1.
654:, a military campaign that ended in defeat. A new expedition led by
5391:
3893:
3888:
3756:
3711:
3632:
3520:
3515:
3484:
3241:
3198:
3163:
3128:
3076:
2807:
2344:
2330:
1911:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1575:
1536:
1321:
1317:
1292:
1238:
1225:
1091:
1032:
877:
715:
616:
570:
507:
486:
415:
403:
402:), continued his navigation by raiding the harbor of the island of
372:
348:
77:
3838:
955:
5676:
5123:
4619:
4511:
3908:
3878:
3833:
3818:
3803:
3798:
3751:
3721:
3444:
3251:
3246:
3183:
3123:
3086:
1369:
1259:
1208:
1163:
1138:
1110:
1006:
873:
776:
733:
successfully fought the pirates infesting the seas of Sicily and
727:
703:
663:
624:
620:
595:
582:
574:
573:, and entered Cilicia, where he captured the coastal fortress of
554:
523:
411:
384:
376:
364:
119:
5727:
5372:
5193:
4177:
4083:
3928:
3883:
3828:
3788:
3772:
3746:
3690:
3535:
3462:
3366:
3334:
3324:
3272:
3173:
3106:
2822:
2543:
2372:
2302:
2288:
2256:
1742:
1721:
1443:
1345:
1263:
1255:
1179:
1167:
1134:
1105:
1099:
1062:
1028:
994:
990:
897:
889:
853:
691:
687:
671:
659:
519:
515:
495:
491:
427:
419:
303:
295:
132:
114:
50:
498:, Samothrace; the temple of Chthonia Terra at Hermione and of
340:
in response to pirates occurred in 189 B.C., on the island of
204:
4088:
4078:
3923:
3903:
3848:
3808:
3782:
3726:
3225:
1407:
1361:
1357:
1305:
1175:
1054:
1050:
738:
679:
651:
562:
535:
478:
470:
466:
407:
341:
81:
1123:
instead of land-holding; at first using vessels such as the
630:
27:
Conflict between the Roman Republic and the Cilician pirates
3685:
3344:
3329:
3309:
3210:
3091:
2316:
1754:
1352:
Pompey's forces had thus succeeded in cleansing the entire
600:
527:
1098:
and had sacked/occupied at least 400 cities. Below is how
347:
The Romans intervened again, this time in the seas around
3319:
2512:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
2015:
2013:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
418:, was sent to collect a fleet consisting of ships from
1532:
1530:
1528:
1287:, which was then devoid of men and had much good land.
888:
that Pompey also asked for help from the fleet of the
615:. Soon afterwards new piratical raids saw the city of
290:
was the final phase of the campaigns conducted by the
3576:
2406:
Historiae Romanae ad M. Vinicium libri duo, II, 31-33
2235:
2163:
2110:
2073:
Cicero, De Imperio Cn. Pompei ad Quirites oratio, 35.
1727:
1715:
1344:
depicted in a first-century Roman statue, now in the
534:
and celebrated some secret rites, including those of
2217:
2172:
2010:
1703:
1590:
1588:
1571:
1569:
1542:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1483:
856:
could have put together and deployed throughout the
1679:
1525:
2226:
2208:
2181:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2058:
1980:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2031:
1691:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1566:
1509:
1406:, with whom he later made treaties. He conquered
5763:
1748:
2399:
2190:
907:(consul in 72 BC), in charge of the Tuscan Sea;
2076:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1398:Pompey not only defeated Mithridates but also
745:(in 69–68 B.C.) and kidnapped the daughter of
658:, and supported by the cities of Gortina (now
650:, who led a new expedition to the seas around
3028:
2528:
2040:
1807:
1356:of pirates, wresting from them the island of
190:
2385:
2049:
1998:
1986:Livy, Periochae ab Urbe condita libri, 98.3.
1851:
1393:Rome annexed much of Asia under firm control
607:in 74 B.C. Finally, it seems that the young
1650:
1621:
5782:Naval battles involving the Roman Republic
5570:Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle
5517:International Congress of Maritime Museums
5497:Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
4789:
3035:
3021:
2535:
2521:
2392:Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri IX
197:
183:
43:
5787:Military campaigns involving ancient Rome
5630:
5585:National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
2413:
1667:
275:Learn how and when to remove this message
2492:
2460:
2425:Storia di Roma. 1. Dalle origini ad Azio
2294:De Imperio Cn. Pompei ad Quirites oratio
1798:
1661:
1644:
1632:
1336:
1104:
844:with its commanders, by territorial area
835:
674:, Lucius Octavius, who by virtue of the
629:
453:during the military campaigns of 102 BC.
436:
5555:Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology
2444:Giulio Cesare. Il dittatore democratico
2441:
2273:
823:equipped ships (soldiers and oarsmen).
611:also took part in these campaigns as a
593:by the troops and received the Isauric
14:
5764:
5507:European Association of Archaeologists
2422:
1757:, Periochae ab Urbe condita libri, 90.
1673:
1275:which had recently been devastated by
1202:Pompey proceeded to divide the entire
826:
359:(133—129 BC). In 102 B.C., the consul
38:Part of the wars of the Roman Republic
18:Pompey's campaign against pirates
5629:
4788:
4763:Pompey's campaign against the pirates
4721:
4591:
4590:
3973:
3575:
3054:
3042:
3016:
2516:
2473:
2357:
638:, who was seized by pirates in 74 BC.
328:
288:Pompey's campaign against the pirates
178:
55:Venice National Archaeological Museum
53:, copy of an original from 70–60 BC,
33:Pompey's campaign against the pirates
2343:
2329:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1304:He settled other pirates in Mallus,
781:supply of grain for the city of Rome
706:. When they asked him to pay twenty
231:
5502:Archaeological Institute of America
2727:Lex Gabinia de piratis persequendis
1893:, Caesar, 4; Plutarch, Caesar, 2,1.
1383:He was then commissioned to lead a
1316:who had been Pompey's colleague in
924:Plotius Varus on the Sea of Sicily;
911:Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus
656:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus
24:
2371:
2301:
2287:
2255:
2037:Cassius Dio, XXXVI, 23.4-5; 24-37.
1477:
247:tone or style may not reflect the
25:
5813:
5512:Institute of Nautical Archaeology
4902:Coastal defence and fortification
4277:Roman circumnavigation of Britain
3577:Navigation, and ports and harbors
2223:Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 29.2-3.
2178:Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 26.3-4.
2019:Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 25.1-2.
1466:
1376:became the capital of the entire
737:, who had gone so far as to sack
208:Pompey's campaign against pirates
5746:
5612:
5537:Society for American Archaeology
4771:
4704:
4573:
3956:
3558:
2994:
2993:
2416:Il Giornale - Biblioteca Storica
2315:
1615:
1603:
694:, who took him to the island of
257:guide to writing better articles
236:
5797:Naval battles involving pirates
4969:Phoenician discovery of America
2979:The Tragedy of Pompey the Great
2322:Periochae ab Urbe condita libri
2308:Epitome of Roman History, I, 41
2248:
2232:Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 29.5.
2214:Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 29.1.
2199:
2187:Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 28.1.
2154:
2067:
2064:Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 25.3.
2022:
1989:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1905:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1863:
1819:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1638:
1594:Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 28.2.
1522:Plutarch, Life of Pompey, 26.2.
1332:
872:, subject to the command of 24
351:, after establishing the first
4661:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1950:Velleius Paterculus, II, 42.3.
880:, and a total figure of 1,000
756:
642:In 74 B.C. it was the turn of
13:
1:
5580:Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa
4255:Phoenician maritime expansion
2777:Temple of Hercules Pompeianus
2241:Appian, Mithridatic Wars, 91.
2169:Appian, Mithridatic Wars, 92.
2151:Appian, Mithridatic Wars, 95.
1563:Appian, Mithridatic Wars, 96.
1506:Appian, Mithridatic Wars, 94.
1459:
783:. This was mainly due to the
336:'s first intervention in the
5802:History of the Mediterranean
5522:Nautical Archaeology Society
1308:, and Epiphanea. Meanwhile,
1072:Cepion over the Asiatic Sea;
541:Between 78 B.C. and 75 B.C.
7:
5772:Wars involving ancient Rome
5575:Museum of Ancient Seafaring
4952:Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
4758:Kidnapping of Julius Caesar
4615:Indus–Mesopotamia relations
3974:
3055:
2476:Pompeo, il rivale di Cesare
1437:
300:eastern Mediterranean coast
10:
5818:
5431:Phoenician Ship Expedition
4722:
4272:Pytheas' voyage to Britain
4265:Circumnavigation of Africa
2542:
2046:Cassius Dio, XXXVI, 36bis.
1086:
686:: in 74 BC, on his way to
510:at Isthmus, Taenarum, and
5744:
5636:
5625:
5610:
5545:
5487:
5290:
5274:
5022:
4957:Samothrace temple complex
4892:
4847:
4806:
4799:
4795:
4784:
4769:
4728:
4717:
4702:
4600:
4586:
4571:
4524:
4477:
4330:
4297:
4290:
4228:
4029:
3986:
3982:
3969:
3954:
3673:
3586:
3582:
3571:
3556:
3508:
3443:
3380:
3265:
3234:
3067:
3063:
3050:
2988:
2935:
2902:
2876:
2838:
2831:
2800:
2769:
2760:Lex Pompeia de provinciis
2711:
2679:
2646:
2628:
2590:
2557:
2550:
2442:Canfora, Luciano (1999).
2423:Brizzi, Giovanni (1997).
2205:Cassius Dio, XXXVI, 37.6.
2055:Cassius Dio, XXXVI, 37.1.
1712:, Life of Pompey, 24.1-3.
1539:, Life of Pompey, 24.4-5.
1410:, then under the rule of
831:
216:
155:
138:
131:
126:
104:
60:
42:
37:
32:
4245:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
2497:. Milan: Il Saggiatore.
2493:Piganiol, André (1989).
2469:. Milan: Il Sole 24 Ore.
1959:Suetonius, Caesar, 74.1.
1688:, Life of Sulla, 11.4-5.
1414:, and then moved toward
644:Marcus Antonius Creticus
5527:RPM Nautical Foundation
5264:Surviving ancient ships
5183:Marsala Punic shipwreck
2495:Le conquiste dei Romani
1745:, Mithridatic Wars, 93.
1724:, Mithridatic Wars, 63.
1113:, also used by pirates.
1016:and its islands to the
543:Publius Servilius Vatia
473:, Clazomenae, and even
163:377/800 ships captured
5560:Giza Solar boat museum
5014:Underwater exploration
5009:Underwater archaeology
4974:Pre-Columbian theories
4829:John Sinclair Morrison
4790:Research and education
4240:Austronesian Expansion
2910:Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
1968:Plutarch, Caesar, 2.7.
1941:Plutarch, Caesar, 4.7.
1700:, Life of Sulla, 24.1.
1349:
1302:
1248:
1197:
1156:
1114:
1012:Lucius Lollius on the
985:Lucius Sisenna on the
915:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
896:) or 25 (according to
845:
639:
454:
363:led a campaign in the
326:
127:Commanders and leaders
5631:Legend and literature
5589:Viking ship museums:
5565:Grand Egyptian Museum
5325:Austronesian replicas
5300:Heyerdahl expeditions
5210:Caligula's Giant Ship
5070:Dover Bronze Age Boat
3732:Berenice Troglodytica
2753:Lex Pompeia de ambitu
2648:Third Mithridatic War
2196:Florus, I, 41, 12-15.
1977:Polyenus, VIII, 23.1.
1664:, p. 618, n. 11)
1340:
1268:
1230:
1116:
1108:
1096:First Mithridatic War
839:
633:
459:First Mithridatic War
440:
396:First Mithridatic War
308:
156:Casualties and losses
151:More than 1,000 ships
5532:Sea Research Society
4934:Maritime archaeology
4743:Ameinias the Phocian
4738:Mediterranean piracy
2712:Legislative activity
2474:Leach, John (1983).
2280:Roman history, XXXVI
2107:Florus, I, 41, 9-10.
1147:Appian of Alexandria
962:Lentulus Marcellinus
809:tribune of the plebs
603:, he celebrated his
148:4,000/5,000 horsemen
4625:Maritime Jade Route
3778:Kaveri Poompattinam
2965:The Death of Pompey
2720:Lex Gellia Cornelia
2427:. Bologna: Pàtron.
2401:Velleius Paterculus
2269:on October 3, 2015.
2028:Florus, I, 41, 1-3.
1879:Velleius Paterculus
1354:Mediterranean Basin
1204:Mediterranean Basin
1192:Pillars of Hercules
1172:Mediterranean world
884:. It is known from
860:, according to the
840:General map of the
827:Forces in the field
814:, who proposed the
169:120 cities captured
5173:Bajo de la Campana
4875:Peter Throckmorton
4860:Jean-Yves Empereur
4834:William L. Rodgers
4655:Maritime Silk Road
2740:Eastern settlement
2681:Caesar's civil war
2478:. Milan: Rizzoli.
2378:The Geography, XII
1400:Tigranes the Great
1350:
1115:
1023:Publius Piso over
936:Gallia Narbonensis
846:
731:Caecilius Metellus
640:
457:At the end of the
455:
329:Historical context
5759:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5621:
5620:
5608:
5607:
5228:Madrague de Giens
4947:Temple of Isthmia
4943:Maritime temples
4929:Marine navigation
4888:
4887:
4880:Shelley Wachsmann
4870:J. Richard Steffy
4780:
4779:
4713:
4712:
4582:
4581:
4569:
4568:
4520:
4519:
4250:Ocean exploration
3965:
3964:
3952:
3951:
3611:Rutter (nautical)
3567:
3566:
3554:
3553:
3410:Mortise and tenon
3044:Ancient seafaring
3010:
3009:
2958:Caesar and Pompey
2931:
2930:
2787:Portico of Pompey
2782:Theatre of Pompey
2707:
2706:
2559:Sulla's civil war
1995:Florus, I, 41, 6.
1827:Fasti Triumphales
1792:Fasti triumphales
1151:Mithridatic Wars,
1109:Model of a Roman
1078:was to close the
954:in the Strait of
773:Mediterranean Sea
700:southern Sporades
619:and the coast of
285:
284:
277:
251:used on Knowledge
249:encyclopedic tone
229:
228:
173:
172:
146:120,000 soldiers
100:
99:
16:(Redirected from
5809:
5750:
5749:
5644:Ark of bulrushes
5627:
5626:
5616:
5615:
5254:Oldest surviving
4964:Nusantao network
4839:Chester G. Starr
4804:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4786:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4748:Cilician pirates
4719:
4718:
4708:
4707:
4645:Sa Huynh-Kalanay
4640:Iron Age Britain
4588:
4587:
4577:
4576:
4295:
4294:
3984:
3983:
3971:
3970:
3960:
3959:
3874:Ptolemais Theron
3584:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3562:
3561:
3154:Single-outrigger
3065:
3064:
3052:
3051:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3014:
3013:
2997:
2996:
2868:Cornelia Metella
2836:
2835:
2555:
2554:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2489:
2470:
2457:
2438:
2419:
2410:
2396:
2387:Valerius Maximus
2382:
2368:
2354:
2340:
2326:
2312:
2298:
2284:
2270:
2265:. Archived from
2262:Mithridatic Wars
2242:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2108:
2105:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1583:
1573:
1564:
1561:
1540:
1534:
1523:
1520:
1507:
1504:
1481:
1475:
1449:Cilician pirates
1360:, the coasts of
1300:
1252:Taurus Mountains
1246:
1154:
1102:describes them:
1076:Cato the Younger
900:) listed below:
842:Bellum piraticum
785:Mithridatic Wars
712:province of Asia
613:military tribune
569:, where he took
324:
323:, XXXVI, 21.1-3.
298:surrounding the
280:
273:
269:
266:
260:
259:for suggestions.
255:See Knowledge's
240:
239:
232:
211:
209:
199:
192:
185:
176:
175:
167:20,000 captured
62:
61:
47:
30:
29:
21:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5751:
5747:
5742:
5632:
5617:
5613:
5604:
5547:
5541:
5489:
5488:Institutes and
5483:
5438:Viking replicas
5379:Balangay Voyage
5292:
5286:
5270:
5025:
5018:
4894:
4884:
4843:
4791:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4724:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4596:
4578:
4574:
4565:
4516:
4473:
4326:
4286:
4231:
4224:
4025:
3978:
3961:
3957:
3948:
3824:Mueang Phra Rot
3678:
3669:
3578:
3563:
3559:
3550:
3504:
3478:Triangular sail
3439:
3376:
3350:Sail components
3261:
3230:
3204:Tessarakonteres
3059:
3046:
3041:
3011:
3006:
2984:
2927:
2898:
2872:
2827:
2796:
2792:Curia of Pompey
2765:
2703:
2675:
2642:
2624:
2586:
2551:Military career
2546:
2541:
2511:
2505:
2486:
2454:
2435:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2111:
2106:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1848:= CIL I, p.341.
1824:
1820:
1816:, XXXVI, 18-19.
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1622:
1618:, p. 68.1)
1614:
1610:
1606:, p. 99.2)
1602:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1543:
1535:
1526:
1521:
1510:
1505:
1484:
1476:
1467:
1462:
1440:
1404:king of Armenia
1335:
1301:
1297:Life of Pompey,
1291:
1281:king of Armenia
1247:
1243:Life of Pompey,
1237:
1222:Sea of Sardinia
1200:
1155:
1145:
1089:
1035:, north of the
1027:in the seas of
972:Terentius Varro
927:Atilius in the
834:
829:
761:
747:Marcus Antonius
599:. Returning to
526:; and those of
451:Marcus Antonius
449:, conquered by
389:Cilicia Trachea
383:, southeastern
361:Marcus Antonius
331:
325:
315:
281:
270:
264:
261:
254:
245:This article's
241:
237:
230:
225:
212:
207:
205:
203:
168:
166:
164:
147:
145:
88:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5815:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5792:Ancient piracy
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5680:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5646:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5493:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5457:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5421:
5413:Mediterranean
5411:
5410:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5376:
5369:
5366:Alingano Maisu
5362:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5309:
5296:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5215:De Meern ships
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5141:
5133:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5085:Cape Gelidonya
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5030:
5028:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4848:Archaeologists
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4814:David Blackman
4810:
4808:
4801:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4753:Jewish pirates
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4439:Lake Trasimene
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4340:Mediterranean:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4301:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3643:Maritime pilot
3640:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3613:
3608:
3606:Portolan chart
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3179:Oared warships
3176:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3017:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2951:Parallel Lives
2947:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2490:
2484:
2471:
2458:
2452:
2439:
2433:
2420:
2411:
2397:
2383:
2369:
2355:
2350:Life of Caesar
2341:
2336:Life of Pompey
2327:
2313:
2299:
2285:
2271:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2109:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2009:
2007:, XXXVI, 22.2.
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1904:
1902:Canfora, p. 9.
1895:
1883:
1871:
1869:Canfora, p. 8.
1862:
1860:, XXXVI, 17.a.
1850:
1818:
1806:
1804:Canfora, p. 5.
1797:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1676:, p. 324)
1666:
1662:Piganiol (1989
1649:
1645:Crawford (2008
1637:
1635:, p. 298)
1633:Piganiol (1989
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1580:Life of Pompey
1565:
1541:
1524:
1508:
1482:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1428:Antiochus XIII
1412:Antiochus XIII
1389:Mithridates VI
1378:Roman province
1334:
1331:
1289:
1235:
1214:Tyrrhenian Sea
1199:
1196:
1143:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1070:
1047:eastern Aegean
1040:
1025:Pontus Euxinus
1021:
1010:
983:
969:
959:
949:
939:
932:
925:
922:
908:
833:
830:
828:
825:
812:Aulus Gabinius
760:
755:
463:Mithridates VI
443:Roman province
387:, and part of
330:
327:
313:
292:Roman Republic
283:
282:
244:
242:
235:
227:
226:
224:
223:
217:
214:
213:
202:
201:
194:
187:
179:
171:
170:
161:
158:
157:
153:
152:
149:
141:
140:
136:
135:
129:
128:
124:
123:
117:
111:Roman Republic
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
76:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5814:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5714:Metamorphoses
5711:
5709:
5707:
5706:The Histories
5703:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5684:The Histories
5681:
5679:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5628:
5624:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5486:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5399:Marumaru Atua
5396:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5359:Samudra Raksa
5356:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5345:Te Au o Tonga
5342:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5205:Blackfriars I
5203:
5201:
5200:Arles Rhône 3
5198:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5004:Thalassocracy
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4989:Shell middens
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4939:Naval warfare
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4819:Lionel Casson
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4787:
4783:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4720:
4716:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4650:Incense trade
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4585:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4554:South America
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:Sailing ships
4500:
4498:
4497:Oared vessels
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Cape Hermaeum
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4230:Migration and
4227:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4037:Ancient Egypt
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:Civilizations
4028:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3574:
3570:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:Clinker built
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3390:Boat building
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Navis lusoria
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:Pompeia Magna
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2592:Sertorian War
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2506:
2504:88-04-32321-3
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2485:88-17-36361-8
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2453:88-420-5739-8
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2434:88-555-2419-4
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2160:Leach, p. 70.
2157:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1914:, Caesar, 2.4
1913:
1908:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1647:, p. 91)
1646:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1346:Louvre Museum
1343:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
981:
977:
974:on the lower
973:
970:
968:-African Sea;
967:
963:
960:
957:
953:
952:Tiberius Nero
950:
947:
943:
940:
937:
934:Pomponius in
933:
930:
926:
923:
920:
919:Sextus Pompey
916:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:Attic talents
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
858:Mediterranean
855:
851:
843:
838:
824:
821:
817:
813:
810:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:. Above all,
774:
770:
766:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
729:
724:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
698:, one of the
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:Julius Caesar
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
637:
632:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:Julius Caesar
606:
602:
598:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
484:
483:Attic talents
480:
477:, near which
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
452:
448:
444:
439:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:in the East,
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
322:
321:Roman History
318:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
279:
276:
268:
258:
252:
250:
243:
234:
233:
222:
219:
218:
215:
210:
200:
195:
193:
188:
186:
181:
180:
177:
162:
160:
159:
154:
150:
144:270/500 ships
143:
142:
137:
134:
130:
125:
121:
118:
116:
112:
109:
108:
103:
96:Roman victory
95:
92:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
52:
46:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5735:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5705:
5697:
5692:On the Ocean
5690:
5683:
5675:
5672:Literature:
5460:
5442:
5423:
5416:
5406:Aotearoa One
5404:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5316:
5312:
5304:
5291:Experimental
5259:Museum ships
5226:
5219:
5192:
5164:Phoenician:
5155:
5150:Leontophoros
5148:
5112:Butuan boats
5107:Pontian boat
5045:Dufuna canoe
4984:Shipbuilding
4895:and theories
4865:Boris Rankov
4762:
4659:
4592:Economy and
4492:Incendiaries
4339:
4126:Indus Valley
4094:Tarumanagara
4021:Ubaid period
3939:Wadi al-Jarf
3854:Ostia Antica
3458:Fore-and-aft
3425:Shipbuilding
3400:Carvel built
3382:Construction
3340:Steering oar
3221:Sailing ship
3144:Obelisk ship
3102:Dugout canoe
2999:
2992:
2977:
2972:Pompeo Magno
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2858:Mucia Tertia
2818:Pompeiopolis
2758:
2751:
2746:Lex Trebonia
2744:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2572:Sena Gallica
2494:
2475:
2466:
2462:
2443:
2424:
2418:(49). Milan.
2415:
2405:
2391:
2377:
2363:
2349:
2335:
2321:
2307:
2293:
2279:
2267:the original
2261:
2249:Bibliography
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1907:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1865:
1853:
1840:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1809:
1800:
1790:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1674:Brizzi (1997
1669:
1640:
1611:
1599:
1579:
1480:, p. 7)
1397:
1382:
1351:
1333:Consequences
1303:
1296:
1272:
1269:
1249:
1242:
1231:
1201:
1160:war was over
1157:
1150:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1090:
1014:upper Aegean
946:Balearic Sea
929:Ligurian Sea
868:) and 5,000
847:
841:
801:
762:
757:
725:
720:Nicomedes IV
666:, Eleutera,
646:, father of
641:
594:
540:
456:
399:
393:
388:
346:
332:
320:
309:
287:
286:
271:
265:January 2024
262:
246:
165:10,000 dead
105:Belligerents
5699:Argonautica
5686:(Herodotus)
5649:Flood myths
5546:Museums and
5490:conferences
5455:Vital Alsar
5293:archaeology
5102:Austronesia
5095:Hjortspring
5090:Rochelongue
5040:Pesse canoe
4994:Ship burial
4979:Sea Peoples
4912:Lighthouses
4907:Grave goods
4855:George Bass
4635:Spice trade
4232:exploration
4054:Philippines
4049:Austronesia
4042:Old Kingdom
3919:Trincomalee
3869:Prosphorion
3814:Myos Hormos
3658:Micronesian
3649:By region:
3621:Lighthouses
3429:By region:
3194:Quinquereme
3119:Kunlun ship
3112:Penteconter
3097:Dragon boat
2734:Lex Manilia
2694:Dyrrhachium
2638:Coracaesium
2577:2nd Clusium
2446:. Laterza.
2275:Cassius Dio
2005:Cassius Dio
1858:Cassius Dio
1814:Cassius Dio
1781:, I, 41, 5.
1769:, I, 41, 4.
1424:Tigranes II
1420:Mithridates
1342:Mithridates
1049:, southern
987:Peloponnese
816:Lex Gabinia
797:Cape Maleas
769:proconsular
758:Casus belli
751:Cape Miseno
726:In 70 B.C.
696:Farmakonisi
676:Gabinia law
648:Mark Antony
514:; those of
506:; those of
441:The second
394:During the
317:Cassius Dio
5766:Categories
5708:(Polybius)
5352:Hawaiʻiloa
5234:Nemi ships
5119:Black Sea
5065:Khufu ship
5026:and relics
4924:Marine art
4917:Alexandria
4824:Fik Meijer
4807:Historians
4694:Indo-Roman
4507:Greek navy
4409:Salamis II
4399:Hellespont
4359:Artemisium
4349:Nile Delta
4312:Achaemenid
4205:Achaemenid
4074:Langkasuka
4069:Micronesia
3987:Prehistory
3914:Sounagoura
3742:Chittagong
3717:Barbarikon
3696:Alexandria
3638:Pilot boat
3588:Navigation
3420:Sewn-plank
3415:Lashed-lug
3293:Figurehead
3266:Components
3235:Propulsion
3189:Quadrireme
3170:Polyremes
3149:Outriggers
2689:Brundisium
2630:Pirate War
2567:Asio River
2364:Stratagems
1460:References
1256:Coracesium
1218:Libyan Sea
1168:Coracesium
1133:then with
1131:hemiolias,
1018:Hellespont
545:served as
475:Samothrace
349:Asia Minor
338:Aegean Sea
306:in 67 BC.
221:Korakesion
86:Aegean Sea
5721:Geography
5659:Gilgamesh
5548:memorials
5472:Viracocha
5385:Faʻafaite
5338:Sarimanok
5244:Yassi Ada
5157:Syracusia
5080:Canaanite
5055:Moor Sand
4525:By region
4487:Grappling
4459:Naulochus
4449:Myonessus
4404:Echinades
4389:Arginusae
4384:Cynossema
4369:Naupactus
4364:Eurymedon
4198:Classical
4173:Phoenicia
4168:Mycenaean
4131:Tamilakam
4114:Polynesia
4104:Srivijaya
3899:Satingpra
3859:Palembang
3843:Cattigara
3785:(Kadaram)
3768:Jambukola
3762:Guangzhou
3703:(Podouke)
3701:Arikamedu
3663:Polynesia
3596:Celestial
3509:Armaments
3495:Spritsail
3453:Crab claw
3395:Careening
3362:Sternpost
3216:Reed boat
3159:Catamaran
3134:Multihull
2944:Pharsalia
2770:Buildings
2699:Pharsalus
2671:Jerusalem
2359:Polyaenus
1891:Suetonius
1416:Jerusalem
1366:Pamphylia
1216:, to the
1184:Pamphylia
1082:passages.
1080:Propontis
1067:Phoenicia
1059:Pamphylia
1045:over the
1037:Propontis
1003:Macedonia
980:Acarnania
942:Torquatus
878:quaestors
765:optimates
702:south of
591:imperator
583:Isaurians
567:Pamphylia
547:proconsul
512:Kalaureia
504:Epidaurus
500:Asclepius
445:of Asia,
432:Pamphylia
424:Phoenicia
381:Pamphylia
5737:Tākitimu
5640:Legend:
5598:Roskilde
5477:Tangaroa
5418:Olympias
5392:Gaualofa
5331:Hōkūleʻa
5306:Kon-Tiki
5139:Ashkelon
5075:Uluburun
5034:Earliest
4800:Scholars
4682:shipping
4482:Boarding
4394:Mytilene
4379:Syracuse
4344:Alashiya
4307:Egyptian
4291:Military
4282:Timeline
4260:Sardinia
4183:Carthage
4099:Kalingga
4059:Sa Huỳnh
3994:Timeline
3944:Zanzibar
3894:Sarapion
3889:Rhacotis
3819:Martaban
3764:(Canton)
3757:Godavaya
3752:Giao Chỉ
3722:Barygaza
3712:Avalites
3633:Piloting
3521:Catapult
3516:Ballista
3490:Mast-aft
3303:Planking
3242:Paddling
3199:Hexareme
3164:Trimaran
3129:Longship
3077:Balangay
3001:Category
2924:(sister)
2912:(father)
2877:Children
2848:Antistia
2808:Pamplona
2615:Saguntum
2605:Valentia
2345:Plutarch
2331:Plutarch
1912:Plutarch
1846:1930, 60
1837:1889, 70
1710:Plutarch
1698:Plutarch
1686:Plutarch
1576:Plutarch
1537:Plutarch
1438:See also
1387:against
1322:Plutarch
1318:Hispania
1314:Metellus
1310:Metellus
1293:Plutarch
1290:—
1262:(modern
1239:Plutarch
1236:—
1226:Brindisi
1144:—
1129:and the
1126:pinnaces
1092:Plutarch
1043:Metellus
1033:Bithynia
999:Thessaly
976:Adriatic
890:Rhodians
874:praetors
777:Cilician
735:Campania
716:Bithynia
634:Bust of
625:praetors
617:Brindisi
571:Phaselis
508:Poseidon
487:Plutarch
416:Lucullus
404:Skiathos
400:hemiolia
373:Lycaonia
365:Cilician
353:province
314:—
294:against
139:Strength
120:Cilician
78:Anatolia
73:Location
49:Bust of
5677:Odyssey
5654:Genesis
5451:Others
5250:Lists:
5239:Marausa
5189:Roman:
5179:Punic:
5144:Kyrenia
5135:Greek:
5131:Marsala
5124:Sinop D
4999:Tacking
4733:History
4620:Meluhha
4610:Fishing
4605:Whaling
4512:Ramming
4434:Aegates
4429:Drepana
4424:Ecnomus
4354:Salamis
4342:
4332:Battles
4210:Nabatea
4193:Archaic
4163:Nuragic
4153:Somalia
4004:Oceania
3999:Britain
3976:History
3909:Socotra
3879:Qandala
3864:Piraeus
3834:Muziris
3804:Madurai
3799:Manthai
3737:Canopus
3707:Arsinoe
3679:harbors
3628:History
3616:Coastal
3546:Sambuca
3531:Dolphin
3445:Rigging
3257:Poling
3247:Sailing
3184:Trireme
3124:Liburna
3087:Coracle
3057:Vessels
2922:Pompeia
2916:Pompeia
2853:Aemilia
2661:Pelorus
1881:, II,42
1582:, 45.2.
1454:Cilicia
1385:new war
1370:Cilicia
1299:28.3-4.
1277:Tigrane
1260:Cilicia
1209:Cilicia
1164:Cilicia
1139:triremi
1111:trireme
1087:Pirates
1007:Boeotia
964:on the
944:in the
905:Gellius
870:knights
866:legions
728:Praetor
708:talents
704:Miletus
692:pirates
664:Knossos
621:Etruria
605:triumph
596:agnomen
575:Corycus
559:Olympus
555:Isauric
551:Cilicia
532:Olympus
524:Lefkada
447:Cilicia
412:legatus
385:Phrygia
377:Pisidia
369:Cilicia
296:pirates
122:pirates
5777:Pompey
5728:Aeneid
5444:Viking
5425:Regina
5194:Alkedo
5050:Abydos
5024:Wrecks
4893:Topics
4723:Piracy
4677:Greece
4537:Odisha
4469:Actium
4464:Mycale
4299:Navies
4188:Greece
4178:Olmecs
4146:Pandya
4121:Minoan
4084:Champa
4064:Lapita
4009:Remote
3929:Tyndis
3884:Quilon
3829:Muscat
3794:Lothal
3789:Korkai
3773:Jeddah
3747:Essina
3691:Adulis
3601:Charts
3536:Harpax
3526:Corvus
3500:Square
3468:Settee
3463:Lateen
3372:Tiller
3367:Strake
3335:Rudder
3325:Paddle
3273:Anchor
3252:Towing
3174:Bireme
3107:Galley
3082:Bangka
2936:Legacy
2918:(aunt)
2894:Sextus
2884:Gnaeus
2832:Family
2823:Samsun
2801:Cities
2600:Lauron
2544:Pompey
2501:
2482:
2450:
2431:
2373:Strabo
2303:Florus
2289:Cicero
2257:Appian
1779:Florus
1767:Florus
1743:Appian
1722:Appian
1478:Florus
1444:Pompey
1432:Pontus
1374:Tarsus
1368:, and
1285:Achaia
1264:Alanya
1188:Pontus
1180:Cyprus
1135:biremi
1100:Appian
1065:, and
1063:Cyprus
1029:Thrace
995:Euboea
991:Attica
966:Libyan
898:Appian
894:Florus
886:Florus
876:and 2
862:Senate
854:Pompey
832:Romans
820:stadia
804:Senate
795:, and
793:Achaia
789:Cyrene
688:Rhodes
680:island
672:Pompey
660:Gortyn
636:Caesar
587:Isaura
579:Taurus
520:Actium
516:Apollo
496:Didyma
492:Claros
467:Iassus
428:Rhodes
420:Cyprus
304:Pompey
133:Pompey
115:Rhodes
93:Result
51:Pompey
5664:Greek
5467:Abora
5461:Ivlia
5373:Saina
5317:Ra II
5275:Sites
5060:Dokos
4672:Egypt
4594:trade
4559:Rafts
4544:Japan
4532:India
4444:Chios
4414:Mylae
4374:Olpae
4322:Roman
4317:Greek
4215:Aksum
4141:Chera
4136:Chola
4109:Sunda
4089:Kutai
4079:Kedah
3924:Tulum
3904:Sidon
3849:Opone
3839:Óc Eo
3809:Malao
3783:Kedah
3727:Basra
3675:Ports
3653:Inuit
3473:Tanja
3433:Egypt
3283:Cabin
3226:Tomol
3069:Types
2903:Other
2863:Julia
2840:Wives
2656:Lycus
2610:Sucro
2582:Utica
1408:Syria
1362:Lycia
1358:Crete
1306:Adana
1273:Soli,
1245:27.4.
1176:Syria
1055:Lycia
1051:Ionia
956:Gades
852:that
743:Ostia
739:Gaeta
668:Lappa
652:Crete
563:Lycia
536:Mitra
479:Sulla
471:Samos
408:Sulla
342:Crete
82:Crete
68:67 BC
5593:Oslo
5315:and
5221:Isis
5168:Gozo
4689:Rome
4667:Maya
4549:Rome
4454:Nile
4220:Rome
4158:Maya
4014:Near
3934:Tyre
3686:Aden
3485:Junk
3357:Stem
3345:Sail
3330:Rope
3315:Mast
3310:Keel
3298:Hull
3288:Deck
3211:Raft
3092:Dhow
2813:Soli
2666:Abas
2620:Osca
2499:ISBN
2480:ISBN
2448:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2317:Livy
1755:Livy
1616:Livy
1604:Livy
1327:army
1137:and
1031:and
1005:and
917:and
850:army
848:The
601:Rome
528:Hera
522:and
430:and
357:Asia
334:Rome
113:and
84:and
65:Date
4630:Tin
3677:and
3541:Ram
3320:Oar
3278:Bow
1258:in
1198:War
1153:92.
1120:war
978:to
749:at
561:in
549:of
518:at
502:at
410:'s
5768::
5313:Ra
5282:H3
5036::
2467:14
2465:.
2403:.
2389:.
2375:.
2361:.
2347:.
2333:.
2319:.
2305:.
2291:.
2277:.
2259:.
2112:^
2078:^
2012:^
1842:AE
1839:=
1833:AE
1830:=
1729:^
1652:^
1623:^
1587:^
1578:,
1568:^
1544:^
1527:^
1511:^
1485:^
1468:^
1430:)
1426:,
1422:,
1402:,
1395:.
1364:,
1329:.
1295:,
1279:,
1241:,
1220:,
1194:.
1186:,
1182:,
1178:,
1149:,
1061:,
1057:,
1053:,
1001:,
997:,
993:,
989:,
791:,
753:.
741:,
627:.
585:,
538:.
494:,
485:.
469:,
426:,
422:,
414:,
379:,
375:,
319:,
80:,
3845:)
3841:(
3036:e
3029:t
3022:v
2536:e
2529:t
2522:v
2507:.
2488:.
2456:.
2437:.
2409:.
2395:.
2381:.
2367:.
2353:.
2339:.
2325:.
2311:.
2297:.
2283:.
1795:.
1348:.
1166:(
1069:;
1039:;
1020:;
1009:;
982:;
958:;
948:;
938:;
278:)
272:(
267:)
263:(
253:.
198:e
191:t
184:v
20:)
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