7390:
857:, the line of 0° longitude along the surface of the Earth has slowly moved toward the west from this shifted position by a few centimetres (inches); that is, towards the Airy Transit Circle (or the Airy Transit Circle has moved toward the east, depending on your point of view) since 1984 (or the 1960s). With the introduction of satellite technology, it became possible to create a more accurate and detailed global map. With these advances there also arose the necessity to define a reference meridian that, whilst being derived from the Airy Transit Circle, would also take into account the effects of plate movement and variations in the way that the Earth was spinning. As a result, the
8752:
971:
5109:
5069:
5018:
4968:
4925:
4879:
4832:
4784:
4726:
4646:
4595:
4501:
4450:
4400:
4353:
4285:
4225:
4158:
4068:
4022:
3913:
3866:
3815:
3768:
3721:
3672:
3605:
3558:
3512:
3394:
3332:
36:
488:
118:
983:
504:
1643:
7384:
2506:
2388:
963:
193:
2325:
2197:
3006:
8788:
2565:
2447:
403:
2263:
1824:
2017:
1890:
8812:
8764:
8800:
713:
8776:
8740:
162:, which is determined by the axis of rotation. However, for celestial objects that are tidally locked (more specifically, synchronous), their prime meridians are determined by the face always inward of the orbit (a planet facing its star, or a moon facing its planet), just as equators are determined by rotation.
5317:
The IRM is the only meridian that may now be described as the prime meridian of the world, as it defines 0° longitude by international agreement. The IRM passes 102.5 metres (112 yards) to the east of the historic Prime
Meridian of the World at the latitude of the Airy Transit Circle here. The entire
3210:
has several coordinate systems because its cloud tops—the only part of the planet visible from space—rotate at different rates depending on latitude. It is unknown whether
Jupiter has any internal solid surface that would enable a more Earth-like coordinate system. System I and System II coordinates
5356:
est longitudes are used when the rotation is direct, and east longitudes are used when the rotation is retrograde. ... The Earth, Sun, and Moon do not traditionally conform to this definition. Their rotations are direct and longitudes run both east and west 180°, or positive to the east 360°.
768:
in 1721. It was set up in the extreme north-west corner of the
Observatory between Flamsteed House and the Western Summer House. This spot, now subsumed into Flamsteed House, is roughly 43 metres (47 yards) to the west of the Airy Transit Circle, a distance equivalent to roughly 2 seconds of
5202:
totalling 5.926 km (3.682 mi), which was used by Spain during the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries for navigation. In 1897 Henry
Harrise noted that Jaime Ferrer, the expert consulted by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, stated that a league was four miles of six
531:
produced the first modern atlas in 1570, other islands such as Cape Verde were coming into use. In his atlas longitudes were counted from 0° to 360°, not 180°W to 180°E as is usual today. This practice was followed by navigators well into the 18th century. In 1634,
5207:
each. Modern scholars agree that the geographic stade was the Roman or
Italian stade, not any of several other Greek stades, supporting these figures. Harrise is in the minority when he uses the stade of 192.27 m (630.8 ft) marked within the stadium at
3106:
are used on the Sun. The first is the
Carrington heliographic coordinate system. In this system, the prime meridian passes through the center of the solar disk as seen from the Earth on 9 November 1853, which is when the English astronomer
6136:; Colvin, T. R.; Rogers, P. G.; Chodas, P. G.; Sjogren, W. L.; Akim, W. L.; Stepanyantz, E. L.; Vlasova, Z. P.; and Zakharov, A. I.; "The Rotation Period, Direction of the North Pole, and Geodetic Control Network of Venus",
169:
are measured from their prime meridian (at 0°) to 180° east and west. For all other Solar System bodies, longitude is measured from 0° (their prime meridian) to 360°. West longitudes are used if the rotation of the body is
703:
Since 1984, the international standard for the Earth's prime meridian is the IERS Reference
Meridian. Between 1884 and 1984, the meridian of Greenwich was the world standard. These meridians are very close to each other.
838:(the local vertical is affected by influences such as nearby mountains). The change from relying on the local vertical to using a meridian based on the centre of the Earth caused the modern prime meridian to be
5984:
834:. The new techniques resulted in the IERS Reference Meridian, the plane of which passes through the centre of mass of the Earth. This differs from the plane established by the Airy transit, which is affected by
869:, which defines and maintains the link between longitude and time. Based on observations to satellites and celestial compact radio sources (quasars) from various coordinated stations around the globe, Airy's
8006:
3231:'s prime meridian, like that of Earth's moon, is defined so that it runs through the middle of the face that is always turned towards Jupiter (the near side, known as the subjovian hemisphere).
3094:
As on the Earth, prime meridians must be arbitrarily defined. Often a landmark such as a crater is used; other times a prime meridian is defined by reference to another celestial object, or by
6057:
Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Bowell, Edward L.; Conrad, Albert R.; et al. (2010). "Report of the IAU Working Group on
Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2009".
6287:
842:
east of the astronomic
Greenwich prime meridian through the Airy Transit Circle. At the latitude of Greenwich, this amounts to 102 metres (112 yards). This was officially accepted by the
5809:
3138:. This meridian was chosen because it runs through the point on Mercury's equator where the average temperature is highest (due to the planet's rotation and orbit, the sun briefly
6794:
6694:
6905:
5221:
Voting took place on 13 October and the resolutions were adopted on 22 October 1884. The modern prime meridian, the IERS Reference
Meridian, is placed very near this meridian.
760:
ever since the first observation he took with it. Prior to that, it was defined by a succession of earlier transit instruments, the first of which was acquired by the second
3020:
102:(for an east-west notational system). For Earth's prime meridian, various conventions have been used or advocated in different regions throughout history. Earth's current
6023:
7288:
866:
819:
4994:
calls this point אמצע היישוב, "the middle of the habitation", i.e. the habitable hemisphere. Evidently this was a convention accepted by Arab geographers of his day.
1066:
2634:
1175:
7211:
5261:
for his calculations. The German physician, Johannes Müntz used it the same way in his 1495 calendar. However, in the second edition, he used the Vienna meridian.
3284:, its largest moon, as the two are tidally locked to each other. Charon's prime meridian is similarly defined as the meridian always facing directly toward Pluto.
5340:
5092:
Used in 18th and 19th (officially 1779–1871) century Japanese maps. Exact place unknown, but in "Kairekisyo" in Nishigekkoutyou-town in Kyoto, then the capital.
672:, 22 countries voted to adopt the Greenwich meridian as the prime meridian of the world. The French argued for a neutral line, mentioning the Azores and the
2850:
2793:
1497:
1234:
2691:
2591:
1393:
358:
2041:
1914:
6373:
6150:
6108:
1284:
7980:
6841:
5702:
International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. October, 1884. Protocols of the proceedings
5622:
5304:
1671:
436:
in 1477, and many early globes in the 16th century followed his lead. But there was still a hope that a "natural" basis for a prime meridian existed.
5122:
5082:
5031:
4981:
4938:
4892:
4845:
4797:
4739:
4659:
4608:
4514:
4463:
4413:
4366:
4298:
4238:
4171:
4081:
4035:
3926:
3879:
3828:
3781:
3734:
3685:
3618:
3571:
3525:
3407:
3345:
2898:
2098:
1725:
1443:
1343:
1125:
49:
6283:
1601:
6670:
2283:
5937:
3248:
3238:
1012:
6239:
2951:
1551:
174:(or 'direct', like Earth), meaning that its direction of rotation is the same as that of its orbit. East longitudes are used if the rotation is
5575:
5742:
Greenwich Observatory ... the story of Britain's oldest scientific institution, the Royal Observatory at Greenwich and Herstmonceux, 1675–1975
4557:
2155:
7046:
7021:
6727:
2739:
1782:
7204:
6956:
6548:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day"
5916:
3954:
2523:
1975:
1848:
5801:
2464:
2405:
2221:
7115:
6599:
6502:
6413:, P. G. Rogers, and T. R. Colvin, "A Control Network of Triton," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vo l. 96, E l, pp. 15,675-15,681, 1991.
2346:
6788:
6691:
6646:
5651:
7063:
6897:
6551:
6425:
5706:
889:
7184:
6746:
6261:
6196:; Conrad, Albert R.; et al. (2018), "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015",
893:
847:
692:
7742:
4536:, Miklós Erdélyi (1423–1473), Johannes Tolhopff (c. 1445–1503), Johannes Muntz. Set in the royal castle (and observatory) of Buda.
3116:
788:, then via radio time signals. One remote longitude ultimately based on the Greenwich meridian using these methods was that of the
780:
along the direction of gravity at the surface. This astronomic Greenwich meridian was disseminated around the world, first via the
5683:
3211:
are based on atmospheric rotation, and System III coordinates use Jupiter's magnetic field. The prime meridians of Jupiter's four
7197:
6047:
Davies, M. E., "Surface Coordinates and Cartography of Mercury," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 80, No. 17, June 10, 1975.
688:
547:
In the early 18th century the battle was on to improve the determination of longitude at sea, leading to the development of the
7973:
733:
In October 1884 the Greenwich Meridian was selected by delegates (forty-one delegates representing twenty-five nations) to the
6766:
5892:
769:
longitude. It was Airy's transit circle that was adopted in principle (with French delegates, who pressed for adoption of the
7097:
6640:
5973:, S. E. Dwornik, D. E. Gault, and R. G. Strom, NASA Atlas of Mercury, NASA Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1978.
3064:
839:
7711:
2999:
7136:
846:(BIH) in 1984 via its BTS84 (BIH Terrestrial System) that later became WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984) and the various
776:
All of these Greenwich meridians were located via an astronomic observation from the surface of the Earth, oriented via a
6423:
International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. October, 1884
5108:
5068:
5017:
4967:
4924:
4878:
4831:
4783:
4725:
4645:
4594:
4500:
4449:
4399:
4352:
4284:
4224:
4157:
4067:
4021:
3912:
3865:
3814:
3767:
3720:
3671:
3604:
3557:
3511:
3393:
3331:
881:
35:
6931:
5983:
Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Bowell, Edward G.; Conrad, Albert R.; Consolmagno, Guy J.; et al. (2010).
5619:"What is the Prime Meridian - and why is it in Greenwich? | Who decided that the Prime Meridian should be in Greenwich?"
789:
1654:
843:
5331:
3839:
440:
reported (1493) that the compass pointed due north somewhere in mid-Atlantic, and this fact was used in the important
207:
west of Africa, at the left-hand edge of the map. (The obvious central line shown here is the junction of two sheets).
7966:
7462:
6706:
5749:
5466:
831:
734:
665:
6525:
6954:
The Canary Islands and the Question of the Prime Meridian: The Search for Precision in the Measurement of the Earth
6875:
3263:
and, like the Earth's moon, always has the same face towards Saturn, and so the middle of that face is 0 longitude.
5961:, "Surface Coordinates and Cartography of Mercury," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 80, No. 17, 10 June 1975
527:(14°1'W) in the Canaries. His later maps used the Azores, following the magnetic hypothesis. But by the time that
6532:, 1909, by Barão Homem de Mello e Francisco Homem de Mello, published in Rio de Janeiro by F. Briguiet & Cia.
5406:
6775:
5831:
Malys, Stephen; Seago, John H.; Palvis, Nikolaos K.; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Kaplan, George H. (1 August 2015).
5546:
as 268° 45' (starting from Fuerteventura) in the Extract from the Official log of Jacob Roggeveen reproduced in
3744:
Rose to prominence with Dutch cartographers and navigators after they abandoned the idea of a magnetic meridian
3103:
913:
896:(ITRF). A current convention on the Earth uses the line of longitude 180° opposite the IRM as the basis for the
8837:
7535:
6330:
3444:
3384:
3108:
823:
785:
175:
171:
6377:
6154:
6112:
691:
adopted an early version of the IRM in 1983 for all nautical charts. It was adopted for air navigation by the
310:(about 20°W) today. At that time the chief method of determining longitude was by using the reported times of
7716:
5492:
6849:
5618:
5296:
5171:
3280:'s prime meridian is defined as the meridian passing through the center of the face that is always towards
3193:
runs through the Kait crater, which was arbitrarily chosen because it is near the equator (about 2° south).
749:
721:
640:
465:
417:
75:
8847:
7671:
7651:
7597:
7482:
7318:
5782:
5549:
3225:
is at 182° W. The 0° longitude runs through the middle of the face that is always turned towards Jupiter.
568:
6667:
4697:) on board to calculate the actual meridian based on the position of the Moon, in correlation to Várad.
8730:
7338:
7323:
7261:
7240:
3974:
3493:
3465:
11.58325″ W (NAD 83) (three different monuments originally intended to be on the White House meridian)
3139:
3088:
970:
959:, the IERS Reference Meridian (as of 2016) passes through 8 countries, 4 seas, 3 oceans and 1 channel:
728:
717:
644:
111:
24:
6311:, Thomas A. Hauge, et al.: Control Networks for the Galilean Satellites: November 1979 R-2532-JPL/NASA
5933:
873:
drifts northeast about 2.5 centimetres (1 inch) per year relative to this Earth-centred 0° longitude.
651:
retained Maskelyne's calculations from Greenwich – in spite of the fact that every other table in the
7492:
7303:
7152:
940:
877:
815:
576:
406:
306:(17.5° W) as negative numbers were not yet in use. His prime meridian corresponds to 18° 40' west of
5572:
8842:
5204:
935:
4701:
also recalled, how was he acquired the knowledge to calculate meridians by means of these tables.
3164:
lies directly in the middle of the face of the Moon visible from Earth and passes near the crater
1905:
19:"Prime Meridian" redirects here. For Earth's prime meridian, often called the Prime Meridian, see
8115:
7752:
7530:
7432:
7348:
7343:
7038:
7013:
6724:
5645:"A manual on the technical aspects of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea – 1982"
3991:
897:
858:
827:
809:
684:
107:
54:
20:
6953:
5913:
822:
changed from reliance on optical instruments like the Airy Transit Circle to techniques such as
3120:
975:
930:
862:
653:
523:
produced his famous 41 cm terrestrial globe and drew his prime meridian precisely through
103:
7169:
7107:
6596:
6499:
3270:
is a gas giant, so any surface is obscured by clouds. The prime meridian of its largest moon,
1901:
773:
abstaining) as the Prime Meridian of the world at the 1884 International Meridian Conference.
757:
78:
at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its anti-meridian (the
8756:
7905:
6630:
5644:
5456:
4812:
4474:
781:
487:
441:
7069:
6547:
6422:
5700:
5132:
Opposite of Greenwich, proposed 13 October 1884 on the International Meridian Conference by
544:
decided to round this off to 20°, so that it simply became the meridian of Paris disguised.
7993:
7732:
7646:
7472:
7333:
7179:
6743:
6339:
6205:
6066:
5999:
5985:"Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2009"
5844:
5318:
Observatory and the historic Prime Meridian now lie to the west of the true prime meridian.
5042:
4682:
3468:
3190:
2942:
2889:
2730:
1432:
1273:
634:
481:
437:
187:
126:
91:
67:
469:
8:
8816:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8645:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8593:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8180:
8175:
8146:
8141:
8096:
8063:
8026:
7942:
7737:
7592:
7457:
7409:
5571:
Speech by Pierre Janssen, director of the Paris observatory, at the first session of the
5333:
Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015
4678:
4561:
3082:
2212:
835:
753:
572:
279:
7278:
6343:
6209:
6070:
6003:
5848:
745:
to be the common zero of longitude and standard of time reckoning throughout the world.
8804:
8792:
8641:
8589:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8118:
8112:
7989:
7917:
7691:
7615:
7545:
7086:
6763:
6355:
6221:
6193:
6090:
6015:
5680:
5509:
5437:
5433:
5398:
5390:
4533:
3241:
is at 128° W, and the 0° longitude runs through the middle of the subjovian hemisphere.
623:
603:
555:. But it was the development of accurate star charts, principally by the first British
548:
533:
477:
135:
131:
99:
95:
6927:
6586:
46″ W of Greenwich to be exactly 20° W of Paris. French "submarin" at Washington 1884.
4424:
147:
117:
8282:
8192:
7765:
7630:
7447:
7093:
6702:
6636:
6374:"USGS Astrogeology: Rotation and pole position for planetary satellites (IAU WGCCRE)"
6351:
6225:
6094:
6082:
6019:
5745:
5472:
5462:
5402:
5153:
5147:
4622:
4249:
4215:
3711:
2137:
2080:
1953:
643:. "Maskelyne's tables not only made the lunar method practicable, they also made the
541:
520:
121:
6359:
6151:"USGS Astrogeology: Rotation and pole position for the Sun and planets (IAU WGCCRE)"
6109:"USGS Astrogeology: Rotation and pole position for the Sun and planets (IAU WGCCRE)"
8832:
8768:
8744:
8106:
8091:
8077:
8056:
8040:
8019:
7910:
7656:
7635:
7587:
7550:
7363:
6410:
6347:
6308:
6213:
6175:
6133:
6074:
6007:
5970:
5958:
5852:
5501:
5429:
5382:
5257:(1480), to King Matthias Corvinus, he emphasized that he had used the meridian of
5133:
4774:
4762:
4698:
4107:
3484:
3364:
3201:
3154:
3135:
3131:
1958:
982:
761:
738:
669:
556:
528:
508:
492:
200:
7958:
5212:, resulting in a league (32 stades) of 6.153 km (3.823 mi), 3.8% larger.
3098:. The prime meridians of the following planetographic systems have been defined:
7641:
7620:
7452:
7424:
7189:
6960:
6770:
6750:
6731:
6698:
6674:
6603:
6529:
6506:
6429:
5920:
5687:
5579:
5539:
5235:
5209:
4585:
4134:
in Amsterdam; used to define the legal time in the Netherlands from 1909 to 1937
3937:
3585:
3244:
3234:
3095:
2995:
1835:
1764:
1710:
854:
630:
421:
330:
326:
322:
287:
8714:
8707:
8700:
8693:
6262:"IAU WGCCRE Coordinate System for Vesta | USGS Astrogeology Science Center"
503:
452:
over newly discovered lands. The Tordesillas line was eventually settled at 370
8185:
8151:
7937:
7696:
7686:
7625:
7582:
7404:
7373:
7273:
7245:
7130:
5884:
5159:
4012:
3662:
3629:
3539:
3356:
3222:
3212:
3165:
2937:
2673:
1648:
870:
793:
770:
677:
658:
619:
599:
560:
410:
339:
334:
302:(22° to 25° W). The main point is to be comfortably west of the western tip of
295:
291:
204:
143:
83:
79:
6821:[Stellarium - an Astronomical Codex in the Library of King Matthias].
6217:
6078:
6011:
5857:
5832:
5476:
925:
8826:
8101:
8070:
8033:
7824:
7775:
7760:
7706:
7477:
7313:
7308:
7224:
6086:
5543:
5234:
38″N whereas its latitude on the European Terrestrial Reference Frame (1989)
4529:
4525:
4253:
3959:
3313:
3281:
3271:
3218:
3036:
3022:
2967:
2953:
2914:
2900:
2866:
2852:
2836:
2809:
2795:
2755:
2741:
2707:
2693:
2650:
2636:
2607:
2593:
2539:
2525:
2480:
2466:
2421:
2407:
2362:
2348:
2299:
2285:
2237:
2223:
2171:
2157:
2114:
2100:
2057:
2043:
1991:
1977:
1930:
1916:
1864:
1850:
1798:
1784:
1741:
1727:
1687:
1673:
1617:
1603:
1567:
1553:
1540:
1513:
1499:
1459:
1445:
1409:
1395:
1382:
1359:
1345:
1300:
1286:
1250:
1236:
1191:
1177:
1164:
1141:
1127:
1082:
1068:
1028:
1014:
797:
784:, then by chronometers carried on ships, then via telegraph lines carried by
765:
742:
673:
564:
552:
524:
453:
374:
360:
311:
155:
6898:"Romanian astronaut marks 10th anniversary of Prime Meridian Astronomy Club"
8780:
7922:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7786:
7525:
6844:[Astrology, alchemy and mysticism in the court of King Matthias.].
6321:
6240:"New Maps of Ceres Reveal Topography Surrounding Mysterious 'Bright Spots'"
3256:
2330:
1113:
1055:
215:
192:
158:(or at least not in synchronous rotation) is entirely arbitrary, unlike an
87:
6597:
Parallel meridians: Diffusion and change in early modern oceanic reckoning
4327:
3180:
7932:
7927:
7572:
7555:
7487:
7467:
7353:
7235:
6522:
5165:
4274:
3628:
Used until the Middle Ages, proposed as one possible neutral meridian by
2783:
962:
580:
461:
456:(2,193 kilometers, 1,362 statute miles, or 1,184 nautical miles) west of
413:
396:
6972:
6871:
6401:. (1982:912). United States: University of Arizona Press.
2336:
8688:
8584:
8539:
8005:
7947:
7900:
7884:
7770:
7676:
7497:
7358:
7328:
7266:
6578:
5441:
5199:
4991:
4949:
4706:
4380:
4313:
4131:
3437:
06.276″ W (both presumably NAD 27). If NAD27, the latter would be 77°03
3143:
3124:
3068:
3059:
2990:
2585:
2576:
1658:
1051:
956:
952:
777:
615:
496:
457:
307:
299:
247:
231:
227:
5513:
5394:
5370:
7844:
7681:
7565:
7540:
7520:
7437:
7389:
7383:
7368:
4860:
4431:
4116:
3637:
3228:
2028:
1662:
1590:
1327:
1109:
537:
71:
4541:
3175:
was established in 1971 and passes through the center of the crater
916:
7879:
7859:
7701:
7607:
7507:
7298:
7293:
6818:
5505:
5458:
The Diplomatic History of America: Its first chapter 1452—1493—1494
5386:
4754:
4203:
4049:
3699:
3112:
3087:"Prime meridian (planets)" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1839:
1218:
647:
the universal reference point. Even the French translations of the
540:, 19° 55' west of Paris, as the choice of meridian. The geographer
449:
8493:
8085:
8048:
8011:
7874:
7864:
7794:
7666:
7577:
7442:
6573:
6478:
6476:
6474:
5041:
Used from 4th century CE Indian astronomy and calendars(see also
4750:
4095:
3267:
3207:
3197:
2779:
2202:
2146:
987:
712:
611:
433:
402:
266:
196:
159:
7003:
Burgess, Ebenezer (1860), "Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta",
6725:
Eenheid van tijd in Nederland (Unity of time in the Netherlands)
5596:
5584:
298:(13° to 18°W), although his maps correspond more closely to the
277:
CE) who first used a consistent meridian for a world map in his
7869:
7819:
7814:
6056:
5982:
4999:
4573:
4334:
3847:
3749:
3355:
Offered in 1884 as possibility for a neutral prime meridian by
3260:
3176:
3011:
2840:
2208:
1829:
1773:
1486:
1331:
1222:
607:
595:
587:
473:
352:
344:
303:
250:
243:
212:
139:
6471:
6191:
5420:
Chardon, Roland (1980). "The linear league in North America".
5371:"The Computation of the Length of Daylight in Hindu Astronomy"
7849:
7661:
7560:
7515:
6842:"Az asztrológia, alkémia és misztika Mátyás király udvarában"
5050:
4906:
4000:
3795:
3277:
3150:
2682:
2570:
2452:
2089:
2022:
1966:
1895:
885:
512:
445:
5551:
The voyage of Don Felipe Gonzalez to Easter Island in 1770-1
5490:
Engels, Donald (1985). "The length of Eratosthenes' stade".
5279:
5277:
3288:
333:, the book described the thousands years old customs of the
7854:
7839:
7829:
7283:
7220:
5258:
4481:
4260:
4185:
4139:
3172:
3161:
3076:
2580:
2511:
2393:
2268:
2032:
166:
8775:
7289:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
6819:"Stellarium – egy csillagászati kódex Mátyás könyvtárában"
6500:
Oct. 13, 1884: Greenwich Resolves Subprime Meridian Crisis
6459:
6447:
6435:
5830:
5733:
867:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
820:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
748:
The position of the historic prime meridian, based at the
7834:
5274:
5230:
The astronomic latitude of the Royal Observatory is 51°28
3893:
2832:
2678:
2274:
2142:
2085:
1962:
1769:
1715:
1536:
1482:
1323:
1214:
1105:
683:
The current international standard Prime Meridian is the
90:. This great circle divides a spheroid, like Earth, into
16:
Line of longitude, at which longitude is defined to be 0°
5297:"What is the Prime Meridian and why is it in Greenwich?"
563:
between 1680 and 1719 and disseminated by his successor
211:
The notion of longitude for Greeks was developed by the
7014:"The Greenwich Meridian before the Airy Transit Circle"
6734:, Utrecht University website, retrieved 28 August 2013.
5547:
5176:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
444:
of 1494, which settled the territorial dispute between
6632:
One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity
6178:, and Berg, R. A.; "Preliminary Control Net of Mars",
5174: – Geometric center of all land surfaces on Earth
476:
was still used for the same reason as late as 1594 by
8728:
5914:
IRM on grounds of Royal Observatory from Google Earth
5765:
5763:
5761:
6848:(in Hungarian). VI. évfolyam 5. szám. Archived from
676:, but eventually abstained and continued to use the
7988:
7007:(e-book), vol. 6 (published 2013), p. 185
6980:
6610:, The Hague, 2005, p. 7. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
6050:
571:of determining longitude more accurately using the
480:, although by then it had been shown that the zero
7219:
7085:
5865:
5781:
5758:
792:or NAD27, an ellipsoid whose surface best matches
594:meridian, usually through their capital, hence in
23:. For the historical meridian it is based on, see
5799:
5744:. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis. p. 10.
5520:
5422:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
865:the Earth's prime meridian (0° longitude) by the
246:, and applied to a large number of cities by the
8824:
6542:
6540:
6538:
5168: – Cartographical (only) marker at 0°N, 0°E
4685:stated, he had one copy of Tabulae Varadienses (
203:around 1300, using a prime meridian through the
130:(1595) used a prime meridian somewhere close to
110:. It is derived, but differs slightly, from the
7185:Prime meridians in use in the 1880s, by country
5381:(3). The University of Chicago Press: 205–211.
3179:, although it is fixed by the longitude of the
756:in 1851. It was defined by the location of the
698:
7105:
6681:, 23 December 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
6254:
6182:, vol. 76, no. 2, 10 January 1971, pp. 373–393
5613:
5611:
5283:
707:
7974:
7205:
7151:Sobel, Dava; Andrewes, William J. H. (1998),
7150:
6535:
6320:
5602:
5590:
536:used the westernmost island of the Canaries,
5461:. London: Stevens. pp. 85–97, 176–190.
3955:United Kingdom Ordnance Survey Zero Meridian
343:, the ancient name for the historic city of
7180:scanned TIFFs of the conference proceedings
7170:"Where the Earth's surface begins—and ends"
6237:
6198:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
6059:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
5992:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
5608:
5323:
5252:
5251:When Tolhopff handed over his book, titled
4692:
4686:
4634:
4252:, 180° from a meridian running through the
7981:
7967:
7212:
7198:
6366:
5787:TIME from Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics
4566:On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
4524:Used between 1469 and 1495; introduced by
890:International Terrestrial Reference System
848:International Terrestrial Reference Frames
803:
317:One of the earliest known descriptions of
154:A prime meridian for a planetary body not
6839:
6668:"In search of the lost meridian of Cadiz"
6635:. Stanford University Press. p. 98.
6624:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6314:
6264:. Astrogeology.usgs.gov. 15 November 2013
5856:
3632:at the International Meridian Conference
3359:at the International Meridian Conference
3289:List of historic prime meridians on Earth
3134:was defined to be 20° east of the crater
894:International Terrestrial Reference Frame
876:It is also the reference meridian of the
693:International Civil Aviation Organization
511:, with Cape Verde as its prime meridian;
484:line did not follow a line of longitude.
460:. This is shown in the copies of Spain's
7743:International Commission on Stratigraphy
7005:Journal of the American Oriental Society
6786:
6753:, asprs.org, Retrieved 10 December 2013.
6495:
6493:
6491:
5885:"Greenwich Meridan, Tracing its History"
5454:
5329:
3838:Royal Observatory in southeast tower of
3077:Prime meridian on other celestial bodies
981:
969:
961:
861:was established and is commonly used to
711:
502:
486:
401:
337:, or zero longitude, as passing through
321:in India appeared in the 4th century CE
294:, which are usually associated with the
191:
116:
7106:Norgate, Jean; Norgate, Martin (2006),
7002:
6986:
6816:
5419:
5368:
3247:'s prime meridian is defined such that
3237:'s prime meridian is defined such that
3221:'s prime meridian is defined such that
3204:, chosen because it is sharply defined.
3149:Defined in 1992, the prime meridian of
888:and its two formal versions, the ideal
689:International Hydrographic Organization
8825:
7061:
7036:
7011:
6701:, Ministerio de Defensa, 1988, p.144,
6684:
6661:
6628:
6613:
6482:
5871:
5789:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 244–5.
5769:
5739:
5657:from the original on 10 September 2008
5526:
5489:
586:In the 18th century most countries in
7962:
7193:
7139:from the original on 16 February 2016
7118:from the original on 28 December 2021
7083:
6797:from the original on 30 December 2021
6744:Grids & Datums – Italian Republic
6608:Noord-Zuid in Oostindisch perspectief
6554:from the original on 18 December 2021
6488:
6140:, vol. 97, no. 8, 1992, pp. 1–14, 151
5934:"Carrington heliographic coordinates"
5895:from the original on 19 December 2017
5727:
5709:from the original on 18 December 2021
5548:Bolton Glanville Corney, ed. (1908),
5409:from the original on 26 January 2022.
5307:from the original on 13 December 2021
4556:at the Old Kraków Observatory at the
2672:
996:
567:, that enabled navigators to use the
6878:from the original on 6 February 2015
6692:El Observatorio de Cádiz (1753–1831)
6690:Antonio Lafuente and Manuel Sellés,
6649:from the original on 22 January 2023
6432:, pp. 43–51. Project Gutenberg
6324:; Williams, D. A. (2005). "Io after
6101:
5812:from the original on 7 November 2015
5800:ROG Learning Team (23 August 2002).
5775:
3905:Prime Meridian (prior to Greenwich)
3186:, which is defined to be 47.95137°W.
146:. His 180th meridian runs along the
7129:
6908:from the original on 1 October 2017
6550:. Gutenberg.org. 12 February 2006.
6465:
6453:
6441:
5907:
5877:
5793:
5693:
5625:from the original on 5 January 2022
4673:was set in the Fortress of Oradea (
3153:passes through the central peak in
3117:Stonyhurst heliographic coordinates
882:United States Department of Defense
13:
7135:, National Geodetic Survey, 2016,
7039:"WGS84 and the Greenwich Meridian"
6934:from the original on 12 April 2009
6290:from the original on 15 April 2012
6192:Archinal, Brent A.; Acton, C. H.;
5833:"Why the Greenwich meridian moved"
5542:in 1722 reported the longitude of
5434:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1980.tb01304.x
5346:from the original on 6 August 2019
3842:, used 1735–1850 by Spanish Navy.
2335:For about 432 km, running through
14:
8859:
7463:Discrete time and continuous time
7163:
6807:(facsimile, not machine readable)
5940:from the original on 28 June 2011
5802:"The Prime Meridian at Greenwich"
5785:; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (2009).
3065:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3048:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
903:
832:very-long-baseline interferometry
735:International Meridian Conference
666:International Meridian Conference
199:'s 1st projection, redrawn under
8810:
8798:
8786:
8774:
8762:
8750:
8738:
8004:
7388:
7382:
7088:Greenwich Time and the Longitude
7049:from the original on 8 July 2014
5621:. Royal Museums Greenwich. n.d.
5107:
5067:
5016:
4966:
4923:
4877:
4830:
4782:
4724:
4644:
4593:
4499:
4448:
4398:
4351:
4283:
4223:
4156:
4066:
4020:
3911:
3864:
3813:
3766:
3719:
3670:
3603:
3556:
3510:
3392:
3330:
3200:is 4 degrees east of the crater
3004:
2575:From the Togo-Ghana border near
2563:
2504:
2445:
2386:
2323:
2261:
2195:
2015:
1888:
1822:
1641:
892:(ITRS) and its realization, the
34:
7132:NGS datasheet station name form
7024:from the original on 2 May 2012
6966:
6946:
6920:
6890:
6864:
6833:
6810:
6780:
6756:
6737:
6715:
6589:
6566:
6516:
6416:
6404:
6392:
6302:
6276:
6238:Marc Reyman (30 October 2015).
6231:
6185:
6180:Journal of Geophysical Research
6169:
6143:
6138:Journal of Geophysical Research
6127:
6041:
5976:
5964:
5952:
5926:
5824:
5721:
5674:
5637:
5565:
5532:
5245:
5224:
5215:
3104:heliographic coordinate systems
853:Due to the movement of Earth's
844:Bureau International de l'Heure
786:submarine communications cables
432:was first printed with maps at
286:Ptolemy used as his basis the "
7536:History of timekeeping devices
7065:A multitude of prime meridians
6995:
6928:"Meridian Zero csillagászklub"
6331:Reports on Progress in Physics
5483:
5448:
5413:
5362:
5289:
5188:
3445:Old Naval Observatory meridian
3385:New Naval Observatory meridian
3130:In 1975 the prime meridian of
3109:Richard Christopher Carrington
2662:EEZ of Ghana in Atlantic Ocean
515:is thus located around 180° E.
134:, passing just to the west of
1:
5493:American Journal of Philology
5268:
3936:Located at King George III's
3142:at noon at this point during
1106:Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
966:The prime meridian on a globe
639:based on the meridian of the
290:", a group of islands in the
165:Longitudes for the Earth and
6776:Den Store Danske Encyklopædi
6284:"Planetographic Coordinates"
5681:WGS 84 Implementation Manual
5554:, Hakluyt Society, p. 3
5172:Geographical center of Earth
3111:started his observations of
2211:to Algeria-Mali border near
750:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
722:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
699:International prime meridian
641:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
76:geographic coordinate system
7:
7483:Gravitational time dilation
7319:Barycentric Coordinate Time
6787:Tolhopff, Johannes (1480).
5705:. Project Gutenberg. 1884.
5141:
3461:11.55811″ W (NAD 83), 77°02
3457:11.56299″ W (NAD 83), 77°02
3146:, giving it more sunlight).
974:The prime meridian sign in
941:GPX (secondary coordinates)
708:Prime meridian at Greenwich
633:published 49 issues of the
10:
8864:
7339:Geocentric Coordinate Time
7324:Barycentric Dynamical Time
7262:Coordinated Universal Time
6840:Szathmáry, László (2002).
6352:10.1088/0034-4885/68/2/R02
5740:Forbes, Eric Gray (1975).
5284:Norgate & Norgate 2006
5198:(nautical league) of four
3377:02.24″ W (NAD 27) or 77°04
3274:, was established in 1991.
3215:were established in 1979.
3160:The prime meridian of the
3089:Central meridian (planets)
3086:
3080:
1094:EEZ of Greenland (Denmark)
1002:Country, territory or sea
951:On Earth, starting at the
807:
729:Prime meridian (Greenwich)
726:
185:
181:
25:Prime meridian (Greenwich)
18:
8003:
8000:
7893:
7784:
7751:
7725:
7606:
7506:
7493:Time-translation symmetry
7423:
7397:
7380:
7304:International Atomic Time
7254:
7231:
7154:The Illustrated Longitude
6974:Hilchot Kiddush Hachodesh
6218:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5
6079:10.1007/s10569-010-9320-4
6012:10.1007/s10569-010-9320-4
5858:10.1007/s00190-015-0844-y
5603:Sobel & Andrewes 1998
5591:Sobel & Andrewes 1998
5369:Schmidt, Olaf H. (1944).
5162: – Line of longitude
5156: – Line of longitude
5150: – Line of longitude
4669:Between 1464 and 1667, a
4495:
4279:
4152:
4062:
3943:
3907:
3388:
3363:
3058:
2989:
2941:
2936:
2888:
2831:
2777:
2729:
2561:
2502:
2443:
2384:
2321:
2259:
2193:
2136:
2079:
2013:
1952:
1886:
1820:
1763:
1709:
1639:
1589:
1535:
1481:
1431:
1381:
1322:
1272:
1213:
1163:
1104:
1050:
1004:
1001:
986:Prime meridian sign near
955:and heading south to the
936:GPX (primary coordinates)
911:Map all coordinates using
878:Global Positioning System
816:International Time Bureau
790:North American Datum 1927
507:1682 map of East Asia by
409:'s facsimile of the 1529
114:, the previous standard.
66:is an arbitrarily chosen
6749:20 November 2012 at the
6730:10 February 2015 at the
6673:30 November 2019 at the
6582:. Later redefined 17° 39
6428:18 December 2021 at the
5578:18 December 2021 at the
5455:Harrisse, Henry (1897).
5330:Archimal, B. A. (2015),
5301:Royal Museums Greeenwich
5181:
3373:56.07″ W (1897) or 77°04
1203:EEZ of Svalbard (Norway)
919:Download coordinates as:
416:, from the copy made by
314:in different countries.
238:190 – 120
222:276 – 195
7753:Astronomical chronology
7726:Archaeology and geology
7433:Absolute space and time
7349:IERS Reference Meridian
7344:International Date Line
7255:International standards
7157:, Fourth Estate, London
7037:Dolan, Graham (2013b).
7012:Dolan, Graham (2013a).
6817:Zsoldos, Endre (2014).
6629:Bartky, Ian R. (2007).
6602:26 January 2018 at the
6505:1 December 2018 at the
5919:14 October 2016 at the
5806:Royal Museums Greenwich
4718:Meridian of Alexandria
4392:Meridianus Posoniensis
3992:IERS Reference Meridian
3259:is the largest moon of
1655:Tunstall in East Riding
898:International Date Line
859:IERS Reference Meridian
828:satellite laser ranging
810:IERS Reference Meridian
804:IERS Reference Meridian
685:IERS Reference Meridian
629:Between 1765 and 1811,
351:, the ancient name for
273:90 – 168
257:BCE – c.
108:IERS Reference Meridian
55:IERS Reference Meridian
21:IERS Reference Meridian
7062:Hooker, Brian (2006),
7043:The Greenwich Meridian
7018:The Greenwich Meridian
6952:Wilcomb E. Washburn, "
5923:Accessed 30 March 2012
5686:3 October 2008 at the
5253:
5194:These figures use the
4693:
4687:
4635:
4308:Used in Roma 40 Datum
3196:The prime meridian on
3189:The prime meridian on
3171:The prime meridian of
3121:Stonyhurst Observatory
3119:system, originated at
991:
979:
976:Parnay, Maine-et-Loire
967:
814:Beginning in 1973 the
724:
654:Connaissance des Temps
516:
500:
499:as its prime meridian.
425:
208:
151:
106:prime meridian is the
104:international standard
8838:Meridians (geography)
7712:Weekday determination
7598:Sundial markup schema
7084:Howse, Derek (1997),
6846:Ponticulus Hungaricus
6769:14 March 2016 at the
6399:Satellites of Jupiter
4813:Great Pyramid of Giza
4493:Meridianu(s) Budense
4475:Stockholm Observatory
3157:, chosen arbitrarily.
1906:Castellón de la Plana
985:
973:
965:
931:GPX (all coordinates)
782:lunar distance method
752:, was established by
715:
506:
490:
442:Treaty of Tordesillas
405:
195:
120:
7733:Chronological dating
7473:Theory of relativity
7334:Daylight saving time
7112:Old Hampshire Mapped
7072:on 26 September 2018
6528:16 June 2014 at the
5573:Meridian Conference.
5339:, p. 27 of 46,
5123:class=notpageimage|
5083:class=notpageimage|
5032:class=notpageimage|
4982:class=notpageimage|
4939:class=notpageimage|
4893:class=notpageimage|
4846:class=notpageimage|
4798:class=notpageimage|
4740:class=notpageimage|
4660:class=notpageimage|
4609:class=notpageimage|
4560:; mentioned also in
4515:class=notpageimage|
4464:class=notpageimage|
4414:class=notpageimage|
4367:class=notpageimage|
4299:class=notpageimage|
4239:class=notpageimage|
4172:class=notpageimage|
4082:class=notpageimage|
4036:class=notpageimage|
3927:class=notpageimage|
3880:class=notpageimage|
3840:Castillo de la Villa
3829:class=notpageimage|
3782:class=notpageimage|
3735:class=notpageimage|
3686:class=notpageimage|
3619:class=notpageimage|
3572:class=notpageimage|
3526:class=notpageimage|
3469:White House meridian
3408:class=notpageimage|
3346:class=notpageimage|
3115:. The second is the
2943:International waters
2890:International waters
2878:International waters
2821:EEZ of Bouvet Island
2778:Passing through the
2731:International waters
2719:International waters
1525:EEZ of Great Britain
1433:International waters
1421:International waters
1274:International waters
1262:International waters
482:magnetic declination
438:Christopher Columbus
188:History of longitude
127:Atlas Cosmographicae
50:class=notpageimage|
8097:Tropic of Capricorn
8065:Tropic of Capricorn
8028:Tropic of Capricorn
7990:Circles of latitude
7943:Time value of money
7738:Geologic time scale
7593:History of sundials
7458:Cosmological decade
7410:Greenwich Mean Time
7241:Orders of magnitude
6959:29 May 2007 at the
6874:. Romania Tourism.
6697:2 June 2020 at the
6344:2005RPPh...68..303L
6210:2018CeMDA.130...22A
6194:A'Hearn, Michael F.
6071:2011CeMDA.109..101A
6004:2011CeMDA.109..101A
5849:2015JGeod..89.1263M
5605:, pp. 197–199.
5593:, pp. 110–115.
5086:136th meridian east
4694:Tabulae directionum
4679:Georg von Peuerbach
4636:Tabulae Varadienses
4562:Nicolaus Copernicus
3441:05.194″ W (NAD 83)
3349:168th meridian west
3083:Longitude (planets)
3032: /
2963: /
2910: /
2862: /
2805: /
2751: /
2703: /
2646: /
2603: /
2535: /
2476: /
2417: /
2358: /
2295: /
2233: /
2213:Bordj Badji Mokhtar
2167: /
2110: /
2053: /
1987: /
1926: /
1902:Cilindro de Marboré
1860: /
1794: /
1737: /
1683: /
1613: /
1563: /
1509: /
1455: /
1405: /
1355: /
1296: /
1246: /
1187: /
1137: /
1078: /
1024: /
836:vertical deflection
824:lunar laser ranging
758:Airy Transit Circle
491:1571 Africa map by
395:), a city near the
370: /
8848:Cardinal Richelieu
7918:Mental chronometry
7546:Marine chronometer
7398:Obsolete standards
7092:, Phillip Wilson,
6852:on 18 October 2009
6513:, 13 October 2010.
6380:on 24 October 2011
6157:on 24 October 2011
6115:on 24 October 2011
5889:gpsinformation.net
5837:Journal of Geodesy
5730:, pp. 12, 137
5035:75th meridian east
4985:59th meridian east
4942:39th meridian east
4896:35th meridian east
4849:31st meridian east
4801:30th meridian east
4743:29th meridian east
4688:Tabula Varadiensis
4663:21st meridian east
4612:21st meridian east
4558:Śniadecki' College
4518:19th meridian east
4467:18th meridian east
4417:17th meridian east
4370:14th meridian east
4302:12th meridian east
4242:11th meridian east
4175:10th meridian east
3975:Greenwich meridian
3738:16th meridian west
3689:18th meridian west
3652:later redefined as
3622:25th meridian west
3575:43rd meridian west
3529:75th meridian west
3433:06.119″ W or 77°03
3411:77th meridian west
3381:01.16″ W (NAD 83)
3155:the crater Ariadne
1661:, passing through
992:
980:
968:
725:
718:Greenwich meridian
645:Greenwich meridian
624:Greenwich meridian
590:adapted their own
549:marine chronometer
534:Cardinal Richelieu
517:
501:
478:Christopher Saxton
468:in 1527 and 1529.
426:
300:Cape Verde islands
209:
152:
136:Santa Maria Island
112:Greenwich Meridian
100:Western Hemisphere
96:Eastern Hemisphere
8726:
8725:
7956:
7955:
7766:Nuclear timescale
7448:Continuous signal
7174:Popular Mechanics
7099:978-0-85667-468-6
6642:978-0-8047-5642-6
6595:A.R.T. Jonkers;
6572:Ancient, used in
5154:1st meridian west
5148:1st meridian east
5139:
5138:
4681:. In his logbook
4250:Peters projection
4216:Florence meridian
4186:Oslo (Kristiania)
4085:4th meridian east
4039:2nd meridian east
3883:3rd meridian west
3832:6th meridian west
3785:9th meridian west
3712:Tenerife meridian
3638:El Hierro (Ferro)
3481:32.6″ W (NAD 83)
3299:Modern longitude
3074:
3073:
2398:For about 3.4 km
2138:Mediterranean Sea
2081:Mediterranean Sea
2069:Mediterranean Sea
1954:Mediterranean Sea
1942:Mediterranean Sea
1718:of Great Britain
695:on 3 March 1989.
618:meridian, and in
470:São Miguel Island
386:Rohitaka (Rohtak)
375:28.900°N 76.633°E
122:Gerardus Mercator
8855:
8815:
8814:
8813:
8803:
8802:
8801:
8791:
8790:
8789:
8779:
8778:
8767:
8766:
8765:
8755:
8754:
8753:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8734:
8717:
8710:
8703:
8696:
8107:Antarctic Circle
8092:Tropic of Cancer
8080:
8079:Antarctic Circle
8073:
8066:
8059:
8058:Tropic of Cancer
8051:
8043:
8042:Antarctic Circle
8036:
8029:
8022:
8021:Tropic of Cancer
8014:
8008:
7983:
7976:
7969:
7960:
7959:
7657:Dominical letter
7588:Equation of time
7551:Marine sandglass
7392:
7386:
7364:Terrestrial Time
7221:Time measurement
7214:
7207:
7200:
7191:
7190:
7158:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7126:
7125:
7123:
7108:"Prime meridian"
7102:
7091:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7068:, archived from
7058:
7056:
7054:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7008:
6990:
6984:
6978:
6970:
6964:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6924:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6868:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6837:
6831:
6830:
6825:(in Hungarian).
6814:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6784:
6778:
6760:
6754:
6741:
6735:
6723:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6688:
6682:
6665:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6626:
6611:
6593:
6587:
6585:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6559:
6544:
6533:
6520:
6514:
6497:
6486:
6480:
6469:
6463:
6457:
6451:
6445:
6439:
6433:
6420:
6414:
6411:Merton E. Davies
6408:
6402:
6396:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6376:. Archived from
6370:
6364:
6363:
6318:
6312:
6309:Merton E. Davies
6306:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6280:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6235:
6229:
6228:
6189:
6183:
6176:Merton E. Davies
6173:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6153:. Archived from
6147:
6141:
6134:Merton E. Davies
6131:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6111:. Archived from
6105:
6099:
6098:
6054:
6048:
6045:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6028:
6022:. Archived from
5989:
5980:
5974:
5971:Merton E. Davies
5968:
5962:
5959:Merton E. Davies
5956:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5930:
5924:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5881:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5797:
5791:
5790:
5783:McCarthy, Dennis
5779:
5773:
5767:
5756:
5755:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5697:
5691:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5656:
5649:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5615:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5582:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5536:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5345:
5338:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5314:
5312:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5262:
5256:
5249:
5243:
5241:
5233:
5228:
5222:
5219:
5213:
5192:
5177:
5134:Sandford Fleming
5116:
5111:
5076:
5071:
5058:
5025:
5020:
5007:
4975:
4970:
4932:
4927:
4914:
4886:
4881:
4868:
4839:
4834:
4821:
4815:
4791:
4786:
4775:Pulkovo meridian
4770:
4763:Saint Petersburg
4749:The meridian of
4733:
4728:
4714:
4699:Amerigo Vespucci
4696:
4690:
4677:at the time) by
4653:
4648:
4638:
4630:
4602:
4597:
4581:
4553:Kraków meridian
4549:
4508:
4503:
4489:
4457:
4452:
4439:
4407:
4402:
4388:
4360:
4355:
4342:
4321:
4292:
4287:
4268:
4232:
4227:
4211:
4193:
4165:
4160:
4147:
4124:
4108:Antwerp meridian
4103:
4075:
4070:
4057:
4029:
4024:
4008:
3987:
3970:
3950:
3920:
3915:
3901:
3873:
3868:
3855:
3822:
3817:
3803:
3775:
3770:
3757:
3728:
3723:
3707:
3679:
3674:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3612:
3607:
3594:
3565:
3560:
3547:
3519:
3514:
3501:
3485:Capitol meridian
3480:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3401:
3396:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3365:Washington, D.C.
3339:
3334:
3321:
3293:
3292:
3223:the crater Cilix
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3037:90.000°S 0.000°E
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3010:
3008:
3007:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2968:69.600°S 0.000°E
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2915:60.000°S 0.000°E
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2867:57.217°S 0.000°E
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2810:51.717°S 0.000°E
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2584:Passing through
2569:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2540:10.617°N 0.000°E
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2516:For about 39 km
2510:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2481:10.967°N 0.000°E
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2457:For about 16 km
2451:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2422:11.100°N 0.000°E
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2363:11.117°N 0.000°E
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2300:15.000°N 0.000°E
2296:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2273:Passing through
2267:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2238:21.867°N 0.000°E
2234:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2172:35.833°N 0.000°E
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:37.017°N 0.000°E
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2058:38.633°N 0.000°E
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1992:38.867°N 0.000°E
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1959:Gulf of Valencia
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1931:39.933°N 0.000°E
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1865:42.683°N 0.000°E
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1799:49.333°N 0.000°E
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1742:50.233°N 0.000°E
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1688:50.783°N 0.000°E
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1618:53.767°N 0.000°E
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1568:61.000°N 0.000°E
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:63.483°N 0.000°E
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1460:64.700°N 0.000°E
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1410:69.117°N 0.000°E
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1360:72.883°N 0.000°E
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:EEZ of Jan Mayen
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:73.733°N 0.000°E
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1251:76.183°N 0.000°E
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1192:80.483°N 0.000°E
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1142:81.650°N 0.000°E
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1083:85.767°N 0.000°E
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1029:90.000°N 0.000°E
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
994:
993:
880:operated by the
762:Astronomer Royal
739:Washington, D.C.
716:The line of the
670:Washington, D.C.
664:In 1884, at the
649:Nautical Almanac
636:Nautical Almanac
557:Astronomer Royal
509:Giacomo Cantelli
493:Abraham Ortelius
472:(25.5°W) in the
420:and held by the
394:
393:
391:
390:
389:
387:
382:
381:
376:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
329:. Postulating a
276:
272:
265:CE). But it was
264:
260:
256:
241:
237:
225:
221:
201:Maximus Planudes
43:
38:
8863:
8862:
8858:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8853:
8852:
8843:Prime meridians
8823:
8822:
8821:
8811:
8809:
8799:
8797:
8787:
8785:
8773:
8763:
8761:
8751:
8749:
8739:
8737:
8729:
8727:
8722:
8721:
8720:
8719:
8715:
8712:
8708:
8705:
8701:
8698:
8694:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8082:
8078:
8075:
8071:
8068:
8064:
8061:
8057:
8054:
8049:
8045:
8041:
8038:
8034:
8031:
8027:
8024:
8020:
8017:
8012:
7996:
7987:
7957:
7952:
7889:
7780:
7747:
7721:
7602:
7502:
7453:Coordinate time
7425:Time in physics
7419:
7393:
7387:
7378:
7250:
7227:
7218:
7176:, December 1930
7166:
7161:
7142:
7140:
7121:
7119:
7100:
7075:
7073:
7052:
7050:
7027:
7025:
6998:
6993:
6985:
6981:
6971:
6967:
6961:Wayback Machine
6951:
6947:
6937:
6935:
6930:(in Romanian).
6926:
6925:
6921:
6911:
6909:
6896:
6895:
6891:
6881:
6879:
6870:
6869:
6865:
6855:
6853:
6838:
6834:
6815:
6811:
6800:
6798:
6785:
6781:
6774:, article from
6771:Wayback Machine
6761:
6757:
6751:Wayback Machine
6742:
6738:
6732:Wayback Machine
6721:
6720:
6716:
6710:
6699:Wayback Machine
6689:
6685:
6675:Wayback Machine
6666:
6662:
6652:
6650:
6643:
6627:
6614:
6604:Wayback Machine
6594:
6590:
6583:
6571:
6567:
6557:
6555:
6546:
6545:
6536:
6530:Wayback Machine
6523:Atlas do Brazil
6521:
6517:
6507:Wayback Machine
6498:
6489:
6485:, introduction.
6481:
6472:
6464:
6460:
6452:
6448:
6440:
6436:
6430:Wayback Machine
6421:
6417:
6409:
6405:
6397:
6393:
6383:
6381:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6322:Lopes, R. M. C.
6319:
6315:
6307:
6303:
6293:
6291:
6282:
6281:
6277:
6267:
6265:
6260:
6259:
6255:
6245:
6243:
6236:
6232:
6190:
6186:
6174:
6170:
6160:
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6149:
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6144:
6132:
6128:
6118:
6116:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6055:
6051:
6046:
6042:
6032:
6030:
6029:on 4 March 2016
6026:
5987:
5981:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5957:
5953:
5943:
5941:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5921:Wayback Machine
5912:
5908:
5898:
5896:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5870:
5866:
5829:
5825:
5815:
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5798:
5794:
5780:
5776:
5768:
5759:
5752:
5738:
5734:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5710:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5688:Wayback Machine
5679:
5675:
5668:
5660:
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5654:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5628:
5626:
5617:
5616:
5609:
5601:
5597:
5589:
5585:
5580:Wayback Machine
5570:
5566:
5557:
5555:
5540:Jacob Roggeveen
5537:
5533:
5525:
5521:
5488:
5484:
5469:
5453:
5449:
5428:(2): 129–153 .
5418:
5414:
5367:
5363:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5336:
5328:
5324:
5310:
5308:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5282:
5275:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5250:
5246:
5239:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5210:Olympia, Greece
5193:
5189:
5184:
5175:
5144:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5056:
5038:
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5028:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5005:
4988:
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4978:
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4973:
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4935:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4912:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4866:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4819:
4811:
4804:
4803:
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4800:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4768:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4712:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4628:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4586:Warsaw meridian
4579:
4547:
4534:Galeotto Marzio
4521:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4487:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4437:
4425:Sámuel Mikoviny
4420:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4386:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4340:
4319:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4266:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4209:
4191:
4178:
4177:
4176:
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4167:
4166:
4163:
4145:
4122:
4101:
4088:
4087:
4086:
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4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4055:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4006:
3985:
3968:
3948:
3938:Kew Observatory
3933:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3899:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3853:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3807:Cadiz meridian
3801:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3755:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3731:
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3726:
3705:
3692:
3691:
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3656:
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3650:
3646:
3641:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3592:
3586:Fortunate Isles
3578:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3545:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3499:
3478:
3462:
3458:
3454:
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3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3414:
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3404:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3319:
3291:
3249:the crater Saga
3239:the crater Anat
3096:magnetic fields
3092:
3085:
3079:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3005:
3003:
2996:Queen Maud Land
2978:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2877:
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2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2756:0.000°N 0.000°E
2754:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2708:1.967°N 0.000°E
2706:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2651:5.617°N 0.000°E
2649:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2608:7.767°N 0.000°E
2606:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2564:
2562:
2550:
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2529:
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2387:
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2310:
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2302:
2298:
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2294:
2289:
2286:
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2281:
2262:
2260:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2196:
2194:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2016:
2014:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1889:
1887:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1836:Villers-sur-Mer
1823:
1821:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1765:English Channel
1752:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1711:English Channel
1699:English Channel
1698:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1642:
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1628:
1626:
1622:
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1615:
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1607:
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1600:
1599:
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1570:
1566:
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1562:
1557:
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1550:
1549:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1010:
998:
949:
948:
947:
946:
945:
906:
855:tectonic plates
812:
806:
754:Sir George Airy
731:
710:
701:
661:as the prime."
657:considered the
631:Nevil Maskelyne
422:Vatican Library
385:
383:
379:
377:
373:
372:
369:
364:
361:
359:
357:
356:
331:spherical Earth
327:Surya Siddhanta
288:Fortunate Isles
274:
270:
262:
258:
254:
239:
235:
223:
219:
190:
184:
150:(Bering Strait)
148:Strait of Anián
92:two hemispheres
60:
59:
58:
52:
46:
45:
44:
41:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8861:
8851:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8820:
8819:
8807:
8795:
8783:
8771:
8759:
8757:Earth sciences
8747:
8724:
8723:
8713:
8706:
8699:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8083:
8076:
8069:
8062:
8055:
8046:
8039:
8032:
8025:
8018:
8009:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7986:
7985:
7978:
7971:
7963:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7938:Time metrology
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7903:
7897:
7895:
7894:Related topics
7891:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7791:
7789:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7757:
7755:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7729:
7727:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7612:
7610:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7583:Dialing scales
7580:
7575:
7570:
7569:
7568:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7512:
7510:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7415:Prime meridian
7412:
7407:
7405:Ephemeris time
7401:
7399:
7395:
7394:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7374:180th meridian
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7258:
7256:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7217:
7216:
7209:
7202:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7165:
7164:External links
7162:
7160:
7159:
7148:
7127:
7103:
7098:
7081:
7059:
7034:
7009:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6979:
6965:
6945:
6919:
6889:
6863:
6832:
6823:Orpheus Noster
6809:
6779:
6755:
6736:
6714:
6683:
6660:
6641:
6612:
6588:
6565:
6534:
6515:
6487:
6470:
6468:, PID: AH7372.
6458:
6456:, PID: HV1846.
6446:
6444:, PID: HV1847.
6434:
6415:
6403:
6391:
6365:
6338:(2): 303–340.
6313:
6301:
6275:
6253:
6230:
6184:
6168:
6142:
6126:
6100:
6065:(2): 101–135.
6049:
6040:
5998:(2): 101–135.
5975:
5963:
5951:
5925:
5906:
5876:
5864:
5823:
5792:
5774:
5757:
5750:
5732:
5720:
5692:
5673:
5671:Section 2.4.4.
5636:
5607:
5595:
5583:
5564:
5531:
5519:
5506:10.2307/295030
5500:(3): 298–311.
5482:
5467:
5447:
5412:
5387:10.1086/358709
5361:
5322:
5288:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5244:
5223:
5214:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5169:
5163:
5160:180th meridian
5157:
5151:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5130:
5126:180th meridian
5121:
5120:
5113:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5081:
5080:
5073:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5039:
5030:
5029:
5022:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4989:
4980:
4979:
4972:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4958:Approx. 59° E
4956:
4953:
4952:
4946:
4937:
4936:
4929:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4891:
4890:
4883:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4844:
4843:
4836:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4816:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4772:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4747:
4738:
4737:
4730:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4671:prime meridian
4667:
4658:
4657:
4650:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4554:
4551:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4505:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4454:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4323:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4297:
4296:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4270:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4246:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4213:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4126:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:Paris meridian
4010:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3981:
3980:
3979:Airy Meridian
3977:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3957:
3952:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3934:
3930:Prime meridian
3925:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3836:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3709:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:Ferro meridian
3660:
3643:
3642:Canary Islands
3634:
3633:
3630:Pierre Janssen
3626:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3542:
3540:Rio de Janeiro
3536:
3535:
3533:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3466:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3442:
3425:48.0″ W, 77°03
3418:
3417:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3357:Pierre Janssen
3353:
3344:
3343:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3302:Meridian name
3300:
3297:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3275:
3266:Like Jupiter,
3264:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3242:
3232:
3226:
3213:Galilean moons
3205:
3194:
3187:
3169:
3158:
3147:
3128:
3102:Two different
3078:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3062:
3057:
3042:-90.000; 0.000
3015:
3014:
2993:
2988:
2973:-69.600; 0.000
2946:
2945:
2940:
2938:Southern Ocean
2935:
2926:Southern Ocean
2920:-60.000; 0.000
2893:
2892:
2887:
2872:-57.217; 0.000
2845:
2844:
2830:
2815:-51.717; 0.000
2788:
2787:
2776:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2686:
2685:
2676:
2674:Atlantic Ocean
2671:
2629:
2628:
2573:
2560:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2501:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2442:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2383:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2320:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2258:
2216:
2215:
2205:
2192:
2150:
2149:
2140:
2135:
2126:EEZ of Algeria
2093:
2092:
2083:
2078:
2036:
2035:
2025:
2012:
1970:
1969:
1956:
1951:
1909:
1908:
1898:
1885:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1819:
1777:
1776:
1767:
1762:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1708:
1666:
1665:
1651:
1649:United Kingdom
1638:
1629:United Kingdom
1596:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1480:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1321:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1212:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1103:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:(approximate)
944:
943:
938:
933:
928:
922:
909:
908:
907:
905:
904:List of places
902:
871:transit circle
818:and later the
808:Main article:
805:
802:
794:mean sea level
771:Paris meridian
727:Main article:
709:
706:
700:
697:
678:Paris meridian
659:Paris meridian
620:United Kingdom
602:was prime, in
600:Paris meridian
577:Thomas Godfrey
561:John Flamsteed
380:28.900; 76.633
335:prime meridian
312:lunar eclipses
296:Canary Islands
205:Canary Islands
183:
180:
156:tidally locked
144:Atlantic Ocean
80:180th meridian
64:prime meridian
48:
47:
40:
39:
33:
32:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8860:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8818:
8808:
8806:
8796:
8794:
8784:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8770:
8760:
8758:
8748:
8746:
8736:
8735:
8732:
8718:
8711:
8704:
8697:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8669:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8647:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8617:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8595:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8495:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8188:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8171:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8154:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8137:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8108:
8103:
8102:Arctic Circle
8098:
8093:
8088:
8087:
8081:
8074:
8072:Arctic Circle
8067:
8060:
8053:
8052:
8044:
8037:
8035:Arctic Circle
8030:
8023:
8016:
8015:
8007:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7984:
7979:
7977:
7972:
7970:
7965:
7964:
7961:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7892:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7787:units of time
7783:
7777:
7776:Sidereal time
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7761:Galactic year
7759:
7758:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7718:
7717:Weekday names
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7707:Tropical year
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7672:Intercalation
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:(lunar Hijri)
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7605:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7509:
7505:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7478:Time dilation
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7391:
7385:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7314:24-hour clock
7312:
7310:
7309:12-hour clock
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7215:
7210:
7208:
7203:
7201:
7196:
7195:
7192:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7156:
7155:
7149:
7138:
7134:
7133:
7128:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7104:
7101:
7095:
7090:
7089:
7082:
7071:
7067:
7066:
7060:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7035:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7010:
7006:
7001:
7000:
6988:
6983:
6977:
6975:
6969:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6949:
6933:
6929:
6923:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6893:
6877:
6873:
6867:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6836:
6828:
6824:
6820:
6813:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6783:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6759:
6752:
6748:
6745:
6740:
6733:
6729:
6726:
6718:
6708:
6707:84-505-7563-X
6704:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6687:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6664:
6648:
6644:
6638:
6634:
6633:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6592:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6569:
6553:
6549:
6543:
6541:
6539:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6519:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6484:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6467:
6462:
6455:
6450:
6443:
6438:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6419:
6412:
6407:
6400:
6395:
6379:
6375:
6369:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6310:
6305:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6263:
6257:
6241:
6234:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6177:
6172:
6156:
6152:
6146:
6139:
6135:
6130:
6114:
6110:
6104:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6053:
6044:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5967:
5960:
5955:
5939:
5935:
5929:
5922:
5918:
5915:
5910:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5873:
5868:
5859:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5827:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5796:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5771:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5753:
5751:9780850660937
5747:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5724:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5677:
5653:
5646:
5640:
5624:
5620:
5614:
5612:
5604:
5599:
5592:
5587:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5568:
5553:
5552:
5545:
5544:Easter Island
5541:
5535:
5528:
5523:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5486:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5468:9780697000071
5464:
5460:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5416:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5342:
5335:
5334:
5326:
5319:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5285:
5280:
5278:
5273:
5260:
5255:
5248:
5237:
5227:
5218:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5196:legua náutica
5191:
5187:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5135:
5131:
5124:
5110:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5070:
5063:
5061:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5043:Time in India
5040:
5033:
5019:
5012:
5010:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4983:
4969:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4940:
4926:
4919:
4917:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4894:
4880:
4873:
4871:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4847:
4833:
4826:
4824:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4799:
4785:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4741:
4727:
4720:
4717:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4647:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4610:
4596:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4530:Marcin Bylica
4527:
4526:Regiomontanus
4523:
4516:
4502:
4492:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4451:
4444:
4442:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4415:
4401:
4394:
4391:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4368:
4354:
4347:
4345:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4300:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:Bering Strait
4251:
4247:
4240:
4226:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4173:
4159:
4150:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4083:
4069:
4060:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4037:
4023:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3914:
3904:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3881:
3867:
3860:
3858:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3816:
3809:
3806:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3783:
3769:
3762:
3760:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3722:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3687:
3673:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3644:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3606:
3599:
3597:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3573:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3527:
3513:
3506:
3504:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3409:
3395:
3386:
3383:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3333:
3326:
3324:
3317:
3315:
3314:Bering Strait
3312:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:is at 326° W.
3250:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3090:
3084:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3054:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2985:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2932:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2884:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2837:Bouvet Island
2834:
2827:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2725:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2668:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2557:
2545:10.617; 0.000
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2486:10.967; 0.000
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2439:
2427:11.100; 0.000
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2380:
2368:11.117; 0.000
2343:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2317:
2305:15.000; 0.000
2280:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2255:
2243:21.867; 0.000
2218:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2189:
2177:35.833; 0.000
2152:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2132:
2120:37.017; 0.000
2095:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2063:38.633; 0.000
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2009:
1997:38.867; 0.000
1972:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1948:
1936:39.933; 0.000
1911:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1870:42.683; 0.000
1845:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1804:49.333; 0.000
1779:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1759:
1753:EEZ of France
1747:50.233; 0.000
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1705:
1693:50.783; 0.000
1668:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1635:
1623:53.767; 0.000
1598:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1585:
1573:61.000; 0.000
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1541:Great Britain
1538:
1531:
1519:63.483; 0.000
1494:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1471:EEZ of Norway
1465:64.700; 0.000
1440:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1415:69.117; 0.000
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Norwegian Sea
1377:
1371:Norwegian Sea
1365:72.883; 0.000
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1306:73.733; 0.000
1281:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1268:
1256:76.183; 0.000
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1197:80.483; 0.000
1172:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Greenland Sea
1159:
1153:Greenland Sea
1147:81.650; 0.000
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1088:85.767; 0.000
1063:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1034:90.000; 0.000
1009:
1008:
995:
989:
984:
977:
972:
964:
960:
958:
954:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
920:
915:
914:OpenStreetMap
912:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
811:
801:
799:
798:United States
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
767:
766:Edmond Halley
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
743:United States
740:
736:
730:
723:
719:
714:
705:
696:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
674:Bering Strait
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:meridian, in
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
575:developed by
574:
570:
566:
565:Edmund Halley
562:
558:
554:
553:John Harrison
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
530:
526:
525:Fuerteventura
522:
514:
510:
505:
498:
494:
489:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:Diogo Ribeiro
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
423:
419:
418:Diogo Ribeiro
415:
412:
408:
407:William Grigg
404:
400:
398:
392:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:standard time
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
281:
268:
252:
249:
245:
233:
229:
217:
214:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
179:
177:
173:
168:
163:
161:
157:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
56:
51:
37:
30:
26:
22:
8817:Solar System
8667:
8644:
8615:
8592:
8492:
8186:
8169:
8152:
8135:
8111:
8084:
8047:
8010:
7923:Decimal time
7652:Astronomical
7531:Complication
7526:Atomic clock
7414:
7173:
7153:
7141:, retrieved
7131:
7120:, retrieved
7111:
7087:
7074:, retrieved
7070:the original
7064:
7051:. Retrieved
7042:
7026:. Retrieved
7017:
7004:
6987:Burgess 1860
6982:
6973:
6968:
6948:
6936:. Retrieved
6922:
6910:. Retrieved
6901:
6892:
6880:. Retrieved
6866:
6854:. Retrieved
6850:the original
6845:
6835:
6826:
6822:
6812:
6799:. Retrieved
6793:(in Latin).
6789:
6782:
6762:
6758:
6739:
6717:
6711:(in Spanish)
6686:
6678:
6663:
6651:. Retrieved
6631:
6607:
6591:
6577:
6568:
6556:. Retrieved
6518:
6510:
6461:
6449:
6437:
6418:
6406:
6398:
6394:
6382:. Retrieved
6378:the original
6368:
6335:
6329:
6325:
6316:
6304:
6292:. Retrieved
6278:
6266:. Retrieved
6256:
6246:13 September
6244:. Retrieved
6233:
6201:
6197:
6187:
6179:
6171:
6159:. Retrieved
6155:the original
6145:
6137:
6129:
6117:. Retrieved
6113:the original
6103:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6043:
6033:26 September
6031:. Retrieved
6024:the original
5995:
5991:
5978:
5966:
5954:
5942:. Retrieved
5928:
5909:
5897:. Retrieved
5888:
5879:
5867:
5843:(12): 1263.
5840:
5836:
5826:
5814:. Retrieved
5805:
5795:
5786:
5777:
5741:
5735:
5723:
5711:. Retrieved
5701:
5695:
5690:page i, 1998
5676:
5659:. Retrieved
5639:
5627:. Retrieved
5598:
5586:
5567:
5556:, retrieved
5550:
5534:
5522:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5457:
5450:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5378:
5374:
5364:
5355:
5348:, retrieved
5332:
5325:
5316:
5309:. Retrieved
5300:
5291:
5247:
5226:
5217:
5195:
5190:
4674:
4670:
4565:
4273:Meridian of
4272:
4248:Used in the
4130:Through the
3494:Philadelphia
3429:02.3″, 77°03
3181:
3093:
2761:0.000; 0.000
2713:1.967; 0.000
2656:5.617; 0.000
2613:7.767; 0.000
2331:Burkina Faso
2311:Burkina Faso
1056:Arctic Ocean
997:Co-ordinates
950:
918:
917:
910:
875:
852:
813:
775:
747:
732:
702:
682:
680:until 1911.
663:
652:
648:
635:
628:
591:
585:
569:lunar method
546:
518:
429:
427:
348:
338:
323:astronomical
318:
316:
285:
278:
216:Eratosthenes
210:
164:
153:
125:
88:great circle
63:
61:
29:
8805:Outer space
8793:Spaceflight
7933:System time
7928:Metric time
7647:Solar Hijri
7573:Water clock
7556:Radio clock
7488:Time domain
7468:Proper time
7354:Leap second
7236:Chronometry
7143:11 December
6996:Works cited
6938:27 December
6902:NineO'Clock
6856:27 December
6829:(4): 64–87.
6801:30 December
6483:Hooker 2006
5899:29 November
5872:Dolan 2013b
5770:Dolan 2013a
5713:30 November
5629:28 December
5527:Hooker 2006
5311:13 December
5200:Roman miles
5166:Null Island
4275:Monte Mario
3971:05.3101″ W
3140:retrogrades
3040: /
2971: /
2918: /
2870: /
2813: /
2784:Null Island
2759: /
2711: /
2654: /
2611: /
2543: /
2484: /
2425: /
2366: /
2303: /
2241: /
2175: /
2118: /
2061: /
1995: /
1934: /
1868: /
1802: /
1745: /
1691: /
1621: /
1571: /
1517: /
1463: /
1413: /
1363: /
1304: /
1254: /
1195: /
1145: /
1086: /
1032: /
606:it was the
581:John Hadley
462:Padron Real
414:Padron Real
397:Kurukshetra
378: /
84:360°-system
70:(a line of
8827:Categories
7948:Timekeeper
7901:Chronology
7885:Millennium
7771:Precession
7677:Julian day
7498:T-symmetry
7359:Solar time
7329:Civil time
7122:13 January
6882:3 February
6790:Stellarium
6722:(in Dutch)
6653:8 December
6579:Geographia
6204:(22): 22,
6161:22 October
6119:22 October
5728:Howse 1997
5558:13 January
5477:1101220811
5269:References
5254:Stellarium
5242:40.1247″N.
4992:Maimonides
4950:Mecca Time
4707:Alexandria
4528:, used by
4314:Copenhagen
4132:Westerkerk
4009:14.025″ E
3758:54.862″ W
3144:perihelion
3127:, England.
3125:Lancashire
3081:See also:
3069:South Pole
3060:Antarctica
3046: (
2991:Antarctica
2979:Antarctica
2977: (
2924: (
2876: (
2819: (
2765: (
2717: (
2660: (
2619:Lake Volta
2617: (
2586:Lake Volta
2577:Bunkpurugu
2549: (
2490: (
2431: (
2372: (
2309: (
2247: (
2181: (
2124: (
2067: (
2001: (
1940: (
1874: (
1808: (
1751: (
1697: (
1659:Peacehaven
1627: (
1577: (
1523: (
1469: (
1419: (
1369: (
1310: (
1260: (
1201: (
1151: (
1092: (
1052:North Pole
1040:North Pole
1038: (
957:South Pole
953:North Pole
796:under the
778:plumb line
616:Copenhagen
497:Cape Verde
458:Cape Verde
430:Geographia
428:Ptolemy's
384: (
308:Winchester
280:Geographia
248:geographer
232:Hipparchus
228:Alexandria
186:See also:
176:retrograde
8769:Astronomy
8745:Geography
7994:meridians
7845:Fortnight
7692:Lunisolar
7682:Leap year
7616:Gregorian
7566:stopwatch
7541:Hourglass
7521:Astrarium
7438:Spacetime
7369:Time zone
7246:Metrology
7225:standards
7053:6 January
7028:6 January
6384:28 August
6226:189844155
6095:189842666
6087:0923-2958
6020:189842666
5669:(4.89 MB)
5403:145178197
4948:See also
4861:Jerusalem
4822:03.69″ E
4771:42.09″ E
4675:Varadinum
4550:21.43″ E
4432:Stockholm
4381:Pressburg
4328:Rundetårn
4322:32.25″ E
4117:Amsterdam
3962:Meridian
3951:05.33″ W
3944:Greenwich
3856:16.58″ W
3296:Locality
2029:El Verger
1663:Greenwich
1591:North Sea
1579:North Sea
1328:Jan Mayen
1110:Greenland
978:, France.
884:, and of
850:(ITRFs).
538:El Hierro
519:In 1541,
325:treatise
86:) form a
72:longitude
7906:Duration
7880:Saeculum
7860:Olympiad
7702:Solstice
7631:Holocene
7608:Calendar
7508:Horology
7299:ISO 8601
7294:ISO 31-1
7137:archived
7116:archived
7047:Archived
7022:Archived
6957:Archived
6932:Archived
6906:Archived
6904:. 2015.
6876:Archived
6872:"Oradea"
6795:Archived
6767:Archived
6764:meridian
6747:Archived
6728:Archived
6695:Archived
6671:Archived
6647:Archived
6600:Archived
6558:28 March
6552:Archived
6526:Archived
6503:Archived
6466:NGS 2016
6454:NGS 2016
6442:NGS 2016
6426:Archived
6360:44208045
6288:Archived
5938:Archived
5917:Archived
5893:Archived
5810:Archived
5707:Archived
5684:Archived
5652:Archived
5623:Archived
5576:Archived
5407:Archived
5350:6 August
5341:archived
5305:Archived
5238:is 51°28
5142:See also
4869:47.1″ E
4755:Almagest
4683:Columbus
4564:'s work
4440:29.8″ E
4423:Used by
4269:08.4″ E
4204:Florence
4194:22.5″ E
4058:4.71″ E
4050:Brussels
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