895:
1044:
500:
42:
730:
575:
634:
From these observations is derived the conclusion that the Earth has not been static and that great forces have been at work over long periods of time, further leading to the conclusions of the science of
666:
may be deposited at angles of up to 15 degrees, held up by the internal friction between grains which prevents them slumping to a lower angle without additional reworking or effort. This is known as the
678:
Similarly, sediments may drape over a pre-existing inclined surface: these sediments are usually deposited conformably to the pre-existing surface. Also, sedimentary beds may pinch out along
682:, implying that slight angles existed during their deposition. Thus the principle of original horizontality is widely, but not universally, applicable in the study of
594:
is a great example of
Original Horizontality. These strata make up much of the famous prominent rock formations in widely spaced protected areas such as
411:
800:
Kardel, Troels, ed. (2013). Nicolaus Steno: Biography and
Original Papers of a 17th Century Scientist. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-25078-1.
828:
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821:
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195:
874:
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205:
523:
814:
334:
315:
595:
791:
Michael E. Brookfield, Principles of
Stratigraphy, Blackwell Publishing, 2004, p. 116, ISBN 140511164X
879:
745:, US. The sediments composing these rocks were formed in an ocean and deposited in horizontal layers.
599:
210:
57:
654:
As one of Steno's Laws, the principle of original horizontality served well in the nascent days of
516:
1068:
734:
468:
991:
948:
859:
703:
190:
8:
443:
375:
154:
81:
72:
1006:
691:
619:
433:
343:
292:
264:
77:
62:
16:
Layers of sediment are deposited approximately horizontally under the action of gravity
1019:
996:
928:
765:
611:
607:
483:
473:
404:
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are deposited purely horizontally. For instance, coarser grained sediments such as
659:
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215:
119:
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23:
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976:
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380:
105:
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923:
683:
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282:
254:
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953:
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244:
175:
109:
894:
453:
297:
986:
943:
933:
738:
287:
249:
144:
1043:
499:
41:
905:
742:
672:
339:
259:
583:
548:
125:
1024:
1014:
837:
655:
640:
579:
564:
552:
149:
100:
32:
729:
139:
574:
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591:
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are originally deposited horizontally under the action of
567:. It was first proposed by the Danish geological pioneer
559:
technique. The principle is important to the analysis of
836:
1060:
412:Lists of geological features of the Solar System
764:(9 ed.). John Wiley and Sons. p. 15.
602:. From top to bottom: Rounded tan domes of the
822:
524:
829:
815:
531:
517:
610:, cliff-forming, vertically jointed, red
870:Principle of cross-cutting relationships
728:
709:Principle of cross-cutting relationships
671:, and a prime example is the surface of
658:. However, it is now known that not all
573:
201:Principle of cross-cutting relationships
1061:
880:Principle of inclusions and components
211:Principle of inclusions and components
810:
757:
751:
628:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
417:Geology of solar terrestrial planets
855:Principle of original horizontality
545:principle of original horizontality
186:Principle of original horizontality
13:
893:
14:
1080:
1042:
498:
40:
865:Principle of lateral continuity
719:Principle of lateral continuity
643:of large plates of the Earth's
196:Principle of lateral continuity
875:Principle of faunal succession
794:
785:
714:Principle of faunal succession
206:Principle of faunal succession
1:
724:
7:
697:
316:Geological history of Earth
10:
1085:
614:, slope-forming, purplish
596:Capitol Reef National Park
168:Laws, principles, theories
47:Science of the solid Earth
1038:
1005:
962:
904:
891:
845:
600:Canyonlands National Park
964:Geomorphologic processes
847:Stratigraphic principles
840:principles and processes
741:rock exposed in central
626:sandstone. Picture from
176:Stratigraphic principles
618:, layered, lighter-red
1030:Mass wasting processes
898:
761:The Earth Through Time
746:
631:
547:states that layers of
906:Petrologic principles
897:
735:stratigraphic section
732:
622:, and white, layered
590:area of southeastern
577:
992:Marine transgression
860:Law of superposition
758:Levin, H.L. (2009).
704:Law of superposition
639:; that movement and
586:stratigraphy of the
191:Law of superposition
335:Branches of geology
274:Landform structures
155:Geologic time scale
1049:Geology portal
1007:Sediment transport
899:
747:
692:structural geology
660:sedimentary layers
656:geological science
632:
620:Moenkopi Formation
505:Geology portal
425:By planet and body
293:Structural Geology
265:Structure of Earth
1056:
1055:
1025:Glacial processes
1020:Aeolian processes
1015:Fluvial processes
997:Marine regression
771:978-0-470-38774-0
612:Wingate Sandstone
608:Kayenta Formation
541:
540:
405:Planetary geology
357:Geological survey
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817:
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792:
789:
783:
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647:is the cause of
624:Cutler Formation
616:Chinle Formation
604:Navajo Sandstone
588:Colorado Plateau
533:
526:
519:
503:
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307:Geologic history
44:
19:
18:
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982:Tectonic uplift
972:Plate tectonics
958:
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841:
835:
805:
804:
799:
795:
790:
786:
776:
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772:
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752:
727:
700:
669:angle of repose
637:plate tectonics
557:relative dating
537:
497:
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135:Plate tectonics
130:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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1022:
1017:
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989:
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977:Salt tectonics
974:
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951:
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939:Soil formation
936:
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784:
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749:
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606:, layered red
569:Nicholas Steno
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94:Key components
93:
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54:
51:
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37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
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2:
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932:
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927:
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922:
920:
917:
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903:
896:
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885:Walther's law
883:
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695:
693:
689:
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684:sedimentology
681:
676:
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670:
665:
661:
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652:
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649:folded strata
646:
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629:
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621:
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613:
609:
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597:
593:
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572:
571:(1638–1686).
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283:Geomorphology
281:
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255:Sedimentology
253:
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226:
225:
217:
216:Walther's law
214:
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21:
20:
1069:Stratigraphy
1040:
954:Metamorphism
854:
796:
787:
775:. Retrieved
760:
753:
688:stratigraphy
677:
653:
633:
544:
542:
424:
369:Applications
351:
306:
273:
245:Geochemistry
235:
185:
174:
46:
31:
929:Exfoliation
777:28 November
563:and tilted
376:Engineering
298:Volcanology
236:Composition
120:Metamorphic
115:Sedimentary
987:Subsidence
949:Compaction
944:Diagenesis
934:Weathering
739:Ordovician
725:References
673:sand dunes
641:collisions
555:. It is a
288:Glaciology
250:Mineralogy
145:Weathering
919:Extrusive
914:Intrusive
743:Tennessee
386:Forensics
340:Geologist
260:Petrology
1063:Category
924:Volcanic
838:Geologic
698:See also
584:Jurassic
582:through
549:sediment
391:Military
329:Research
126:Sediment
101:Minerals
82:Timeline
73:Glossary
68:Category
24:a series
22:Part of
630:, Utah.
580:Permian
553:gravity
434:Mercury
352:Methods
150:Erosion
110:Igneous
78:History
63:Outline
33:Geology
768:
690:, and
680:strike
565:strata
561:folded
484:Charon
474:Triton
381:Mining
229:Topics
140:Strata
645:crust
479:Pluto
469:Titan
459:Ceres
454:Vesta
439:Venus
344:List)
58:Index
779:2010
766:ISBN
664:sand
598:and
592:Utah
578:The
543:The
449:Mars
444:Moon
106:Rock
737:of
675:.
1065::
733:A
694:.
686:,
651:.
464:Io
26:on
830:e
823:t
816:v
781:.
532:e
525:t
518:v
342:(
122:)
108:(
84:)
80:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
