Astronomical naming conventions

1975:

now designated by the year of their discovery followed by a letter indicating the half-month of the discovery (A denotes the first half of January, B denotes the second half of January, C denotes the first half of February, D denotes the second half of February, and so on) and a number indicating the order of discovery. To exemplify, the fourth comet discovered in the second half of February 2006 would be designated 2006 D4. "I" and "Z" are not used when describing the half of a particular month the comet was discovered. Prefixes are also added to indicate the nature of the comet, with P/ indicating a periodic comet, C/ indicating a non-periodic comet, X/ indicating a comet for which no reliable orbit could be calculated (typically comets described in historical chronicles), D/ indicating a comet that has broken up or been lost, and A/ indicating an object at first thought to be a comet but later reclassified as an asteroid (C/2017 U1 became A/2017 U1, then finally

230:(WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN (on 30 June and 20 July 2016) together with names of stars adopted by the IAU Executive Committee Working Group on Public Naming of Planets and Planetary Satellites during the 2015 NameExoWorlds campaign and recognized by the WGSN. Further batches of names were approved on 21 August 2016, 12 September 2016 and 5 October 2016. These were listed in a table included in the WGSN's second bulletin issued in October 2016. The next additions were done on 1 February, 30 June, 5 September and 19 November 2017, and on 6 June 2018. All are included on the current List of IAU-approved Star Names. 1655:, it may take several decades before they are spotted again and finally assigned a designation. If a minor planet remains unnamed ten years after it has been given a designation, the right to name it is given also to identifiers of the various apparitions of the object, to discoverers at apparitions other than the official one, to those whose observations contributed extensively to the orbit determination, or to representatives of the observatory at which the official discovery was made. The WGSBN has the right to act on its own in naming a minor planet, which often happens when the number assigned to the body is an integral number of thousands. 1026:, this name is especially prevalent in science fiction where the adjective "terran" is also used in the way which "Lunar" or "Jovian" is for Earth's moon or Jupiter. The Latin convention derives from the use of that language as an international scientific language by the first modern astronomers like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Newton and others and was used for a long time. This is why the later discovered bodies were also named accordingly. Two more bodies that were discovered later, and considered planets when discovered, are still generally considered planets now: 3051: 3075: 3027: 3063: 116:, and new star catalogues are set up on a regular basis as new sky surveys are performed. All designations of objects in recent star catalogues start with an "initialism", which is kept globally unique by the IAU. Different star catalogues then have different naming conventions for what goes after the initialism, but modern catalogs tend to follow a set of generic rules for the data formats used. 3039: 1174:(planets orbiting other stars). The process of naming them is organized by the IAU Executive Committee Working Group Public Naming of Planets and Planetary Satellites. The scientific nomenclature for the designations usually consists of a proper noun or abbreviation that often corresponds to the star's name, followed by a lowercase letter (starting with 'b'), like 1228:). English-language science fiction often adopts the Latin name "Luna" while using the English "Moon" as a term for natural satellites in general in order to better distinguish the wider concept from any specific example. Natural satellites of other planets are generally named after mythological figures related to their parent body's namesake, such as 1898:

more than three discoverers only when "in rare cases where named lost comets are identified with a rediscovery that has already received a new name." In recent years, many comets have been discovered by instruments operated by large teams of astronomers, and in this case, comets may be named for the instrument (for example,

1922:, should by rights have been named "105P/Singer-Brewster", but this could be misinterpreted as a joint discovery by two astronomers named Singer and Brewster, respectively, so the hyphen was replaced by a space. The spaces, apostrophes and other characters in discoverer names are preserved in comet names, like 823:

was one of the brightest ever observed in recent times. Several thousand supernovae have been reported since 1885. In recent years, several supernova discovery projects have retained their more distant supernova discoveries for in-house follow-up, and not reported them to CBAT. Starting in 2015, CBAT

806:

and are automatically given a provisional designation based on the co-ordinates of the discovery. Historically, when supernovae are identified as belonging to a "type", CBAT has also published circulars with assigned year–letter designations, and discovery details. A supernova's permanent designation

2858:

A hyphen (-) is used in a comet's name only to separate the discoverers. Thus, when sometimes the discover has a double name, the hyphen is dropped from the comet's name in order to show that there was only one discoverer. For example, in 1986 Stephen Singer-Brewster discovered a comet. It is known

1974:

Increasing numbers of comet discoveries made this procedure difficult to operate, and in 2003 the IAU's Committee on Small Body Nomenclature approved a new naming system, and in its 1994 General Assembly the IAU approved a new designation system that entered into force in 1995 January 1. Comets are

1897:

In the early 20th century, the convention of naming comets after their discoverers became common, and this remains today. A comet is named after its first independent discoverers, up to a maximum of three names, separated by hyphens. The IAU prefers to credit at most two discoverers, and it credits

1690:

is an asteroid with the most diacritics (four). Military and political leaders are unsuitable unless they have been dead for at least 100 years. Names of pet animals are discouraged, but there are some from the past. Names of people, companies or products known only for success in business are not

896:

by historic astronomers, according to perceived patterns in the sky. At first, only the shapes of the patterns were defined, and the names and numbers of constellations varied from one star map to another. Despite being scientifically meaningless, they do provide useful reference points in the sky

2821:

What if two or more different people discover the same comet at about the same time? This problem is solved by allowing a comet to bear as many as three names. The names are separated by hyphens. Thus we have had comets such as Ikeya-Seki and Arend-Roland. It has been decided that more than three

866:

Since 1885, the letter-suffixes are explicitly assigned, regardless whether only one supernova is detected during the entire year (although this has not occurred since 1947). Driven by advances in technology and increases in observation time in the early 21st century, hundreds of supernovae were

1181:

The lowercase lettering style is drawn from the IAU's long-established rules for naming binary and multiple star systems. A primary star, which is brighter and typically bigger than its companion stars, is designated by a capitalized A. Its companions are labelled B, C, and so on. For example,

1439:

After a few months or years, when a newly discovered satellite's existence has been confirmed and its orbit computed, a permanent name is chosen, which replaces the "S/" provisional designation. However, in the past, some satellites remained unnamed for surprisingly long periods after their

867:

reported every year to the IAU, with more than 500 catalogued in 2007. Since then, the number of newly discovered supernovae has increased to thousands per year, for example almost 16,000 supernovae observations were reported in 2019, more than 2,000 of which were named by CBAT.

824:

has scaled back its efforts to publish assigned designations of typed supernovae: By September 2014, CBAT had published names and details of 100 supernovae discovered in that year. By September 2015, CBAT had only published names of 20 supernovae discovered in that year. The

1983:

when cometary activity was detected). Periodic comets also have a number indicating the order of their discovery. Thus Bennett's Comet has the systematic designation C/1969 Y1. Halley's Comet, the first comet to be identified as periodic, has the systematic name 1P/1682 Q1.

1471:

failed to win currency. Similar numbering schemes naturally arose with the discovery of moons around Saturn and Mars. Although the numbers initially designated the moons in orbital sequence, new discoveries soon failed to conform with this scheme (e.g. "Jupiter V" is

1625:(containing the year and the sequential order of discovery within that year) by the Minor Planet Center. When enough observations of the same object are obtained to calculate a reliable orbit, a sequential number is assigned by the Minor Planet Center to the 587:

has entries on over 998 million distinct astronomical objects. Objects in these catalogs are typically located with very high resolution, and assign designations to these objects based on their position in the sky. An example of such a designation is

2004:(the Shoemaker–Levy team has also discovered four non-periodic comets interspersed with the periodic ones), but its systematic name is D/1993 F2 (it was discovered in 1993 and the prefix "D/" is applied, because it was observed to crash into Jupiter). 1666:

have discovered so many thousands of new asteroids that the WGSBN has officially limited naming to a maximum of two names per discoverer every two months. Thus, the overwhelming majority of asteroids currently discovered are not assigned formal names.

1584:

followed the same pattern as the other planets: names from Greek or Roman myths, with a preference for female names. With the discovery in 1898 of the first body found to cross the orbit of Mars, a different choice was deemed appropriate, and

815:. Subsequent supernovae of that year are designated with pairs of lower-case letters from "aa" to "az", and then continuing with "ba" until "zz". Then come "aaa", "aab", and so on (this first occurred in 2015-2016). For example, the prominent 1886:(formally designated 2P/Encke), was named after the astronomer, Johann Franz Encke, who had calculated its orbit rather than the original discoverer of the comet, Pierre Méchain. Other comets that bore the possessive include "Biela's Comet" ( 1949:

Until 1994, the systematic naming of comets (the "Old Style") involved first giving them a provisional designation of the year of their discovery followed by a lower case letter indicating its order of discovery in that year (e.g. the first

96:

of 6, or about ten thousand stars. With the advent of the increased light-gathering abilities of the telescope, many more stars became visible, far too many to all be given names. The earliest naming system which is still popular is the

765:, are cataloged by their constellation and the order in which they were discovered. A large number of black holes are designated by their position in the sky and prefixed with the instrument or survey that discovered them. Examples are 2041:). The MPECs and HTML version of IAUCs, because of their telegraphic style, "flatten out" the subscripts, but the PDF version of IAUCs and some other sources such as the Yamamoto Circulars and the Kometnyj Tsirkular use them. 1122:

discussion of the planets. Astronomers in societies that have other traditional names for the planets may use those names in scientific discourse. For instance, IAU does not disapprove of astronomers discussing Jupiter in

525:

that were too closely spaced in the sky to be discriminated by the human eye. This led to a third iteration, where numeric superscripts were added to distinguish those previously unresolved stars. Examples include

54:

need to be able to assign systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects, and at the same time give names to the most interesting objects, and where relevant, features of those objects.

3010: 1596:

As more and more discoveries were made over the years, this system was eventually recognized as being inadequate and a new one was devised. Currently, the responsibility for naming minor planets lies with the

1954:

is 1969i, the 9th comet discovered in 1969). In 1987, more than 26 comets were discovered, so the alphabet was used again with a "1" subscript, very much like what is still done with asteroids (an example is

1147:

objects (KBOs), it became dubious whether Pluto would have been considered a planet had it been discovered in the 1990s. Its mass is now known to be much smaller than once thought and, with the discovery of

1299:. The designation "R/" is used for planetary rings. These designations are sometimes written like "S/2003 S1", dropping the second space. The letter following the category and year identifies the planet ( 1055:

These were given names from Greek or Roman myth, to match the ancient planet names—but only after some controversy. For example, Sir William Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781, and originally called it

1874:

have followed several different conventions over the past two centuries. Before any systematic naming convention was adopted, comets were named in a variety of ways. The first one to be named was "

807:

is formed by the standard prefix "SN", the year of discovery, and a suffix composed of one to three letters of the Latin alphabet. The first 26 supernovae of the year receive a capital letter from

1539:(bright, dark, or colored) observed through ground-based telescopes (IAU, 1960). These names were based on a system of nomenclature developed in the late 19th century by the Italian astronomer 1480:). The unstated convention then became, at the close of the 19th century, that the numbers more or less reflected the order of discovery, except for prior historical exceptions (see the 233:

The star nearest to Earth is typically referred to simply as "the Sun" or its equivalent in the language being used (for instance, if two astronomers were speaking French, they would call it

1020:). However, it is only recently in human history that it has been thought of as a planet. Earth, when viewed as a planet, is sometimes also called by its Latin scientific conventional name 1528:

by Blagg and Muller (1935), was the first systematic listing of lunar nomenclature. Later, "The System of Lunar Craters, quadrants I, II, III, IV" was published, under the direction of

2007:

Some comets were first spotted as minor planets, and received a temporary designation accordingly before cometary activity was later discovered. This is the reason for such comets as

92:. This represents the number of stars available to be named by ancient cultures. The upper boundary to what is physiologically possible to be seen with the unaided eye is an apparent 1632:

After the designation is assigned, the discoverer is given an opportunity to propose a name, which, if accepted by the IAU, replaces the provisional designation. Thus for instance,

583:

Most modern catalogues are generated by computers, using high-resolution, high-sensitivity telescopes, and as a result describe very large numbers of objects. For example, the

1935: 1481: 329:. Older catalogues either assigned an arbitrary number to each object, or used a simple systematic naming scheme based on the constellation the star lies in, like the older 1621:

President and General Secretary. Minor planets observed over at least two nights and which cannot be identified with an existing celestial object, are initially assigned

1095:

was considered to be a planet at the time of its discovery in 1930, as it was found beyond Neptune. Following this pattern, several hypothetical bodies were given names:

1295:" (the 1st new satellite of Saturn discovered in 2003). The initial "S/" stands for "satellite", and distinguishes from such prefixes as "D/", "C/", and "P/", used for 2866:, pick "Journal of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers", volume "33", page "26". It's not in the list of abstracts, you have to check the page thumbnails. 1959:, 1989e1). The record year was 1989, which went as high as 1989h1. Once an orbit had been established, the comet was given a permanent designation in order of time of 382:, followed by the Latin name of its parent constellation. The Bayer designation uses the possessive form of a constellation's name, which in almost every case ends in 1152:, it is simply one of the two largest known trans-Neptunian objects. In 2006, Pluto was therefore reclassified into a different class of astronomical bodies known as 321:

With the advent of the increased light-gathering abilities of the telescope, many more stars became visible, far too many to all be given names. Instead, they have

551: 2056: 567:. About 2,500 stars are catalogued. They are commonly used when no Bayer designation exists, or when the Bayer designation uses numeric superscripts such as in 1520:

In 1919, the IAU was formed, and it appointed a committee to regularize the chaotic lunar and Martian nomenclatures then current. Much of the work was done by

2386: 1678:), and since 1982, names are limited to a maximum of 16 characters, including spaces and hyphens. (This rule was violated once for the comet-asteroid 1513:

could be observed with even some of the earliest telescopes, and 19th-century telescopes could make out some features on Mars. Jupiter had its famous

2739:"DIVISION F / Working Group for Small Body Nomenclature Working Group for Small Body Nomenclature. THE TRIENNIAL REPORT (2015 Sept 1 - 2018 Feb 15)" 1499: 1558:

brought high-resolution images of various Solar System bodies, and it became necessary to propose naming standards for the features seen on them.

2061: 1610: 2738: 2009: 1894:, or Comet Herschel–Rigollet). Most bright (non-periodic) comets were referred to as 'The Great Comet Of...' the year in which they appeared. 2024: 1682:, whose name has 17 characters; this is because it had already been named as a comet before being rediscovered as an asteroid.) Letters with 1091:) were initially considered planets. As more and more were discovered, they were soon stripped of their planetary status. On the other hand, 70:, including any surface features on them. In response to the need for unambiguous names for astronomical objects, it has created a number of 2822:

names would be ridiculous and cumbersome. Therefore, we do not hear of comets such as Jones-Smith-James-Olson-Walters-Peterson-Garcia-Welch!

1186:, the brightest star in the sky, is actually a double star, consisting of the naked-eye visible Sirius A and its dim white-dwarf companion 876: 1571: 2416: 356:(On the Fixed Stars) which include star maps of 47 constellations where he numbered the stars in magnitude order using latin letters. 1851:, are given mythological or mythic names (not necessarily from Greek or Roman mythology), particularly those associated with creation. 802: 2222: 1979:). Objects on hyperbolic orbits that do not show cometary activity also receive an A/ designation (example: A/2018 C2, which became 112:

and surface features on them. The purpose of this is to ensure that names assigned are unambiguous. There have been many historical

2460: 462:) in Sagittarius. After all twenty-four Greek letters have been assigned, upper and lower case Latin letters are used, such as for 17: 1865: 521:

As the resolving power of telescopes increased, numerous objects that were thought to be a single object were found to be optical

167: 2521: 2999: 345:

in Arabic from 964. The variety of sky catalogues now in use means that most bright stars currently have multiple designations.

369: 2807: 2770: 2682: 2123:; since the USGS usually closely follows IAU guidelines, this is very likely the IAU convention, but confirmation is needed. 2097: 2038: 1943: 1622: 1609:, MPNC), which is composed of 15 members, 11 of whom are voting members, while the other four are representatives for the 1651:

with a brief citation explaining its significance. This may be a few years after the initial sighting, or in the case of

934:

In the 19th century, the exact nature of galaxies was not yet understood, and the early catalogs simply grouped together

401: 3095: 1315:

eptune; although no occurrence of the other planets is expected, Mars and Mercury are disambiguated through the use of

267:. As a result of the NameExoWorlds campaign in December 2015 the IAU approved the names Cervantes (honoring the writer 1535:

The Martian nomenclature was clarified in 1958, when a committee of the IAU recommended for adoption the names of 128

2692: 1779: 1575: 1505:

In the early days, only a very limited number of features could be seen on other Solar System bodies other than the

1618: 1331:. When the object is found around a minor planet, the identifier used is the latter's number in parentheses. Thus, 1108: 1068:

proposed the name Uranus, after the Greek god. The name "Uranus" did not come into common usage until around 1850.

1061: 659: 655: 59: 988:

in the sky have been named from ancient times. The scientific names are taken from the names given by the Romans:

1899: 227: 2558:"Minor Planet Naming Guidelines (Rules and Guidelines for naming non-cometary small Solar-System bodies) – v1.0" 2278: 1702:), but those belonging to certain dynamical groups are expected to follow more strictly defined naming schemes. 966:

1888) was much larger and contained nearly 8,000 objects, still mixing galaxies with nebulas and star clusters.

378:

of about 1,500 brightest stars were first published in 1603. In this list, a star is identified by a lower-case

250: 88:

There are no more than a few thousand stars that appear sufficiently bright in Earth's sky to be visible to the

2066: 1765: 1351:, discovered after Pluto was categorized as a dwarf planet and assigned a minor planet number, was designated 1100: 136: 2394: 1956: 1848: 1096: 2984: 1467:, who had proposed the names now adopted, after his own proposal to name the bodies after members of the 1447:

The Roman numbering system arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's:

120: 1190:. The first exoplanet tentatively identified around the second brightest star in the triple star system 3017: 1989: 1679: 1104: 897:

for human beings, including astronomers. In 1930, the boundaries of these constellations were fixed by

630:

Variable stars are assigned designations in a variable star scheme that is based on a variation of the

132: 1891: 1713:) receive mythological names, except those associated with creation or the underworld, while distant 780: 705: 625: 296: 898: 108:

The IAU is the only internationally recognized authority for assigning astronomical designations to

2636: 2330: 2184: 2092: 1687: 1626: 1567: 1540: 979: 887: 825: 772: 597: 559:

consist of a number and the Latin genitive of the constellation the star lies in. Examples include

2964: 2875: 1502:

such as craters, mountains, and volcanoes, on those planets and satellites also need to be named.

141:

There are about 300 to 350 stars with traditional or historical proper names. They tend to be the

119:

The IAU does not recognize the commercial practice of selling fictitious star names by commercial

2240: 2198: 2071: 2001: 1919: 1652: 727: 142: 2557: 1532:. These works were adopted by the IAU and became the recognized sources for lunar nomenclature. 2087: 1840: 1686:

are accepted, although in English the diacritical marks are usually omitted in everyday usage.

1493: 1140: 1044: 349: 1103:

for a planet between Mars and Jupiter that was believed to be the precursor of the asteroids;

2799: 2076: 1198:. If an exoplanet orbits both of the stars in a binary system, its name can be, for example, 959: 744: 601: 584: 556: 338: 93: 2420: 3004: 2849: 1915: 1076: 975: 739: 175:

Stars may have multiple proper names, as many different cultures named them independently.

2660: 8: 3079: 2715: 2019: 1985: 1816: 1809: 1754: 1743: 1614: 1544: 1265: 1220:, or the equivalent in the language being spoken (for instance, two astronomers speaking 1149: 1115: 1012:, or the equivalent in the language being spoken (for instance, two astronomers speaking 721: 342: 322: 300: 272: 268: 83: 47: 2922: 2853: 2615: 2464: 2226: 642:

in which the star lies. Such designations mark them as variable stars. Examples include

3067: 3055: 2926: 2372: 1980: 1931: 1695: 1344: 792: 762: 605: 542:), each being their own (physical) star system with two and three stars, respectively. 379: 2525: 2500: 2170: 2900: 2803: 2792: 2707: 2688: 2051: 1993: 1875: 1732: 1722: 1706: 1634: 1352: 1332: 1284: 1195: 1048: 1022: 631: 375: 365: 260: 256: 2948: 2437: 2118: 1923: 3031: 2486: 1997: 1861: 1740: 1699: 1529: 1521: 1369: 1034: 989: 951: 939: 928: 924: 902: 767: 527: 455: 407: 288: 109: 2863: 2767: 2347: 1165: 2944: 2837: 2774: 2264: 2142: 1675: 1473: 1468: 1448: 1441: 1348: 1264:(Jupiter). Satellites of Uranus are instead named after characters from works by 1257: 1253: 1221: 1211: 1199: 1124: 1119: 1013: 963: 947: 750: 693: 609: 439: 162: 89: 71: 1976: 1170:

Currently, according to the IAU, there is no agreed upon system for designating

2787: 1927: 1797: 1728: 1671: 1536: 1514: 1452: 1340: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1241: 1191: 685: 635: 447: 415: 326: 316: 113: 50:

has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year.

730:

receive the designation of the galaxy whose core they reside in. Examples are

3089: 2419:. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 10 August 2015. Archived from 2082: 1964: 1951: 1911: 1907: 1879: 1801: 1773: 1714: 1590: 1249: 1233: 1229: 893: 776: 709: 639: 304: 2989: 1882:, who had calculated its orbit. Similarly, the second known periodic comet, 914: 676: 406:. In addition, a three-letter abbreviation is often used . Examples include 3043: 2994: 2156: 1844: 1750: 1670:

Under IAU rules, names must be pronounceable, preferably one word (such as

1581: 1464: 1444:

for a history of how some of the major satellites got their current names.

1361:

team, who disagreed with the dwarf planet classification, used the latter.

1357: 1328: 1153: 935: 701: 495: 423: 67: 66:

for assigning designations to celestial bodies such as stars, planets, and

438:), the two brightest stars in the constellation Crux, the Southern Cross, 2979: 1939: 1883: 1829: 1783: 1761: 1710: 1644: 1555: 1288: 1175: 1144: 1065: 844: 840: 697: 651: 613: 568: 522: 431: 1498:

In addition to naming planets and satellites themselves, the individual

2304: 2034: 1960: 1833: 1736: 1718: 1694:

Whimsical names can be used for relatively ordinary asteroids (such as

1292: 1287:

are first discovered, they are given provisional designations such as "

1139:

Some sixty years after the discovery of Pluto, a large number of large

955: 831:

Four historical supernovae are known simply by the year they occurred:

820: 758: 471: 463: 292: 264: 150: 51: 27:

Systematic designations to unambiguously identify astronomical objects

2848:(1), Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (U.S.): 25–28, 26, 2282: 1787: 1683: 1477: 1245: 1171: 797: 572: 560: 503: 479: 280: 63: 46:

had names. Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified

219:

at various times and places by different cultures in human history.

2637:"Division F WG Small Bodies Nomenclature (SBN) | Commissions | IAU" 1887: 1586: 1187: 1080: 1072: 920: 816: 735: 731: 647: 564: 511: 2777:, Committee on Small Body Nomenclature of Division III of the IAU 2463:. Rochester Academy of Science, Astronomy Section. Archived from 1968: 1825: 1805: 1791: 1433: 1406: 1336: 1088: 1040: 1001: 856: 848: 836: 832: 643: 487: 330: 276: 176: 1143:

began to be discovered. Under the criteria of classifying these

950:

has 110 in total. The Andromeda Galaxy is Messier object 31, or

1663: 1659: 1548: 1424: 1415: 1183: 1084: 1030: 1005: 985: 943: 681: 334: 43: 2953:(5th Revised ed.). Astronomical Data Center, NSSDC / ADC. 168:

List of Arabic star names § History of Arabic star names

2974: 1871: 1482:

Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons

1388: 1379: 1320: 1296: 1092: 1064:. French astronomers began calling it Herschel before German 1009: 993: 283:, respectively. In July 2016, the IAU WGSN approved the name 263:

that have historic names and which were named in honor after

238: 154: 2943: 2929:

versions of IAUC 8797: in the PDF version the designation P/

2581: 1463:(counting from Jupiter outward), in part to spite his rival 1291:" (the 2nd new satellite of Jupiter discovered in 2010) or " 2842:

Journal of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers

1903: 1832:) are named after mythological figures associated with the 1510: 1506: 1397: 1261: 1237: 1217: 997: 158: 39: 35: 3038: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2225:(Press release). IAU.org. 15 December 2015. Archived from 1800:(objects in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Neptune, such as 923:

do not have names. There are a few exceptions such as the

1647:. The name becomes official after its publication in the 1572:

Provisional designation in astronomy § Minor planets

1111:, and several other names, for a trans-Plutonian planet. 1075:

were discovered between Mars and Jupiter. The first few (

877:

List of novae in the Milky Way galaxy § Nomenclature

223: 31: 3011:

Who named the planets and who decides what to name them?

2241:"Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 2" 2199:"Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" 1735:

with Jupiter) are named for characters of the legendary

828:

provides some surrogate services independent from CBAT.

600:

preliminary objects", and the other characters indicate

552:

List of constellations using Flamsteed star designations

145:

in the sky and are often the most prominent ones of the

2539: 2057:

List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies

1790:, but not in a stabilizing resonance are named for the 1691:

accepted, nor are citations that resemble advertising.

1589:

was chosen. This started a pattern of female names for

1487: 901:

and adopted by the IAU, so that now every point on the

2794:

Comets, meteors & asteroids--how they affect Earth

2116:

The assignment of "H" for Mercury is specified by the

1878:" (now officially known as Comet Halley), named after 688:, are designated with a "PSR" prefix, that stands for 3015: 2223:"Final Results of NameExoWorlds Public Vote Released" 1593:

bodies and male names for those with unusual orbits.

931:, and others, but most simply have a catalog number. 2522:"New Satellite of (134340) Pluto: S/2011 (134340) 1" 1992:was the ninth periodic comet jointly discovered by 726:Black holes have no consistent naming conventions. 700:. The right ascension is also prefixed with a "J" ( 571:. In this case, the simpler Flamsteed designation, 2980:Dictionary of nomenclature of astronomical objects 2864:the journal search in the Astrophysics Data System 2791: 2708:"MPEC 2020-T164 : (3548) Eurybates I = Queta" 1866:Provisional designation in astronomy § Comets 1658:In recent years, automated search efforts such as 1127:using the traditional Arabic name for the planet, 819:, was the first one to be observed in 1987, while 2335:The Sky Explored: Celestial Cartography 1500-1800 1543:(1879) and expanded in the early 20th century by 1216:Earth's natural satellite is simply known as the 3087: 2680: 1902:(C/1983 H1) was discovered independently by the 1794:, part horse and part man, from Greek mythology. 1008:. Our own planet is usually named in English as 634:format, with an identifying label preceding the 179:, for example, has also been known by the names 2985:How do planets and their moons get their names? 2950:The Bright Star Catalogue (Preliminary Version) 2836: 2432: 2430: 2062:List of astronomical objects named after people 1611:Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature 2786: 2700: 1963:passage, consisting of the year followed by a 1118:, these names are only considered standard in 2780: 2576: 2574: 1808:, with no differentiation between objects in 1674:), although exceptions are possible (such as 835:(the brightest stellar event ever recorded), 3005:New- And Old-Style Minor Planet Designations 2763: 2761: 2759: 2616:"Naming Astronomical Objects: Minor Planets" 2427: 1988:'s systematic name is C/1995 O1. The famous 1967:. For example, Comet Bennett (1969i) became 1347:. Similarly, the fourth satellite of Pluto, 1128: 596:indicates that the designation is from the " 534:) later distinguished as Theta¹ Sagittarii ( 251:Stars named after people § Nomenclature 2832: 2830: 1643:was given the name Ixion and is now called 1547:(1929), a Greek-born astronomer working at 1476:, which orbits closer to Jupiter than does 325:assigned to them by a variety of different 2571: 2119:"USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature" 1749:are named after Greek characters (such as 1099:for a planet within the orbit of Mercury; 742:, which derive their designation from the 271:) and Copernicus (honoring the astronomer 2756: 2736: 2582:"IAU: WG Small Body Nomenclature (WGSBN)" 2461:"Supernova discovery statistics for 2019" 2417:"Chandra images by category: Black holes" 2331:Ian Ridpath: "Star Tales", Canes Venatici 2163: 1786:) crossing or approaching the orbit of a 1517:, also visible through early telescopes. 803:Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams 692:. The prefix is followed by the pulsar's 2827: 2737:Ticha, J.; et al. (10 April 2018). 2687:(6th ed.), Springer, pp. 8–9, 2185:"IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)" 2149: 2135: 545: 255:There are about two dozen stars such as 237:). However, it is usually called by its 2730: 2364: 2271: 1599:Working Group Small Bodies Nomenclature 1343:". Once confirmed and named, it became 905:belongs to a particular constellation. 793:Naming and classification of supernovae 303:, his physician. In 2019, IAU held the 161:. Most such names are derived from the 133:Stellar designation § Proper names 14: 3088: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2257: 800:discoveries are reported to the IAU's 398:if the constellation's name is plural 370:Table of stars with Bayer designations 98: 74:systems for objects of various sorts. 2975:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature 2893: 2586:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature 2565:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature 2373:"Alessandro Piccolomini's star atlas" 1205: 414:) in the constellation of Andromeda, 291:for 'heart of Charles') for the star 244: 62:(IAU) is the recognized authority in 2903:. Minor Planet Center. 20 April 2018 2901:"MPEC 2018-H54 : 2. A/ Objects" 2233: 2191: 2098:Provisional designation in astronomy 1500:geological and geographical features 1488:Geological and geographical features 578: 359: 2995:IAU specifications for nomenclature 2653: 2599: 2489:. International Astronomical Union. 2370: 2267:. International Astronomical Union. 2187:. International Astronomical Union. 2177: 2173:. International Astronomical Union. 2159:. International Astronomical Union. 2145:. International Astronomical Union. 1603:Committee Small Bodies Nomenclature 1355:rather than S/2011 P 1, though the 1327:prior to its recategorization as a 1129: 422:), in the constellation Centaurus, 146: 105:to identify the stars within them. 102: 24: 2990:IAU on Naming Astronomical Objects 2744:. International Astronomical Union 2618:. International Astronomical Union 2503:. International Astronomical Union 2458: 2279:"NameExoWorlds The Approved Names" 1906:satellite and amateur astronomers 1060:(George's Star) in honour of King 25: 3107: 2958: 1760:are named after Trojans (such as 1725:) may receive non-mythical names. 1576:Name conflicts with minor planets 881: 619: 3073: 3061: 3049: 3037: 3025: 2712:Minor Planet Electronic Circular 2684:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names 1561: 1062:George III of the United Kingdom 1047:in 1846 (based on prediction by 665: 660:Sternberg Astronomical Institute 656:International Astronomical Union 402:genitive case for constellations 348:In 1540, the Italian astronomer 60:International Astronomical Union 2915: 2869: 2674: 2629: 2514: 2493: 2479: 2452: 2409: 2387:"Black Hole Encyclopedia – FAQ" 2379: 2340: 2324: 2311: 2308:, G.E. Stechert, New York, 1899 2296: 2110: 1890:) and "Miss Herschel's Comet" ( 590:SDSSp J153259.96−003944.1 241:name, Sol, in science fiction. 126: 2880:Minor Planet Circulars 23803-4 2661:"How Are Minor Planets Named?" 2333:. See also Deborah J. Warner, 2215: 2067:List of basic astronomy topics 1764:). Small Jupiter trojans with 1580:Initially, the names given to 1156:, along with Eris and others. 715: 42:, and the most easily visible 13: 1: 2884:International Comet Quarterly 2305:Star-Names and Their Meanings 2171:"Buying Stars and Star Names" 2129: 1849:classical Kuiper belt objects 1166:Exoplanet § Nomenclature 1159: 839:(of which the remnant is the 786: 310: 137:List of proper names of stars 3007:from the Minor Planet Center 2936:is written with a subscript. 2319:Burnham's Celestial Handbook 2104: 1944:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte 1607:Minor Planet Names Committee 1605:, CSBN, and before that the 708:) used prior to 1993, as in 638:genitive of the name of the 380:letter of the Greek alphabet 7: 2965:Cometary designation system 2947:; Warren, W.H. Jr. (1991). 2876:Cometary Designation System 2859:as "Comet Singer Brewster." 2768:IAU Comet-naming Guidelines 2044: 1936:Comet van den Bergh (1974g) 1339:, was at first designated " 908: 757:Other black holes, such as 228:Working Group on Star Names 30:In ancient times, only the 10: 3112: 2878:, IAU, First appearing in 1859: 1565: 1491: 1209: 1163: 1107:for a moon of Saturn; and 973: 969: 954:; the Whirlpool Galaxy is 915:Galaxy § Nomenclature 912: 885: 874: 790: 719: 677:Pulsar § Nomenclature 674: 670: 658:delegates the task to the 623: 549: 363: 333:'s Almagest in Greek from 314: 248: 130: 81: 3096:Astronomical nomenclature 3000:James Kaler on star names 2681:Lutz D. Schmadel (2012), 1855: 892:The sky was divided into 781:Chandra X-ray Observatory 690:Pulsating Source of Radio 626:Variable star designation 538:) and Theta² Sagittarii ( 297:King Charles I of England 2840:(1989), "Comet corner", 2567:(PDF). 20 December 2021. 2302:Richard Hinckley Allen, 2093:Proper names (astronomy) 1957:Comet Skorichenko–George 1768:fainter than 12 (in the 1627:minor-planet designation 1623:provisional designations 1568:Minor planet designation 1541:Giovanni V. Schiaparelli 980:IAU definition of planet 888:88 modern constellations 870: 777:RX J1131−1231 773:Sloan Digital Sky Survey 728:Supermassive black holes 598:Sloan Digital Sky Survey 295:, so named in honour of 77: 18:Proper names (astronomy) 2072:List of brightest stars 1920:Stephen Singer-Brewster 1900:Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock 1841:trans-Neptunian objects 1772:band) can be named for 1753:), whilst asteroids at 1601:(WGSBN, originally the 1319:ermes for the latter). 1141:trans-Neptunian objects 771:(where SDSS stands for 592:, where the initialism 293:Alpha Canum Venaticorum 2969:Minor Planet Circulars 2773:March 4, 2016, at the 2501:"Naming of exoplanets" 2440:. Cbat.eps.harvard.edu 2088:Planetary nomenclature 1990:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 1721:larger than 1.15 1680:4015 Wilson–Harrington 1526:Named Lunar Formations 1494:Planetary nomenclature 1194:is accordingly called 1045:Johann Gottfried Galle 899:Eugène Joseph Delporte 575:, is often preferred. 557:Flamsteed designations 2798:. Tab Books. p. 2663:. Minor Planet Center 2077:List of minor planets 1892:35P/Herschel–Rigollet 1860:Further information: 1210:Further information: 960:New General Catalogue 913:Further information: 826:Astronomer's Telegram 745:New General Catalogue 616:−00°39′44.1″). 602:celestial coordinates 585:Guide Star Catalog II 550:Further information: 546:Flamsteed designation 456:Sigma Sagittarii 408:Alpha Andromedae 185:Angel Stern, Cynosura 121:star-naming companies 2487:"The Constellations" 2438:"List of Supernovae" 2317:Robert Burnham, Jr. 2079:(includes asteroids) 1916:105P/Singer Brewster 1554:However, the age of 976:Definition of planet 946:, and galaxies: the 440:Epsilon Carinae 48:astronomical objects 2854:1989JALPO..33...25M 2716:Minor Planet Center 2321:, Volume 1, p. 359. 1870:The names given to 1766:absolute magnitudes 1615:Minor Planet Center 1545:Eugene M. Antoniadi 1266:William Shakespeare 1260:, four consorts of 1236:, the twin sons of 1116:Classical mythology 722:List of black holes 662:in Moscow, Russia. 454:) in Scorpius and 448:Lambda Scorpii 416:Alpha Centauri 343:Book of Fixed Stars 301:Charles Scarborough 273:Nicolaus Copernicus 269:Miguel de Cervantes 84:Stellar designation 2143:"Naming Stars IAU" 1981:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon) 1932:53P/Van Biesbroeck 1731:(objects in a 1:1 1707:Near-Earth objects 1696:26858 Misterrogers 1345:(243) Ida I Dactyl 1323:was designated by 1285:natural satellites 1206:Natural satellites 1071:Starting in 1801, 779:, observed by the 763:stellar black hole 761:– a highly likely 376:Bayer designations 354:De le Stelle Fisse 352:released the book 245:Named after people 101:using the name of 2809:978-0-8306-1905-4 2790:(1 August 1985). 2718:. 15 October 2020 2052:Fusor (astronomy) 1994:Carolyn Shoemaker 1733:orbital resonance 1617:, as well as the 1524:, and the report 1509:. Craters on the 1353:S/2011 (134340) 1 1196:Alpha Centauri Bb 1049:Urbain Le Verrier 940:globular clusters 919:Like stars, most 632:Bayer designation 579:Modern catalogues 496:b Sagittarii 424:Alpha Crucis 366:Bayer designation 360:Bayer designation 110:celestial objects 99:Bayer designation 72:systematic naming 16:(Redirected from 3103: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3042: 3041: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3021: 2954: 2937: 2935: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2897: 2891: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2834: 2825: 2824: 2818: 2816: 2797: 2784: 2778: 2765: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2743: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2647: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2612: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2578: 2569: 2568: 2562: 2554: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2524:. Archived from 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2508: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2434: 2425: 2424: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2393:. Archived from 2383: 2377: 2376: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2358: 2348:"Approved names" 2344: 2338: 2328: 2322: 2315: 2309: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2290: 2281:. Archived from 2275: 2269: 2268: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2139: 2124: 2122: 2114: 2032: 2030: 2029: 2017: 2015: 2014: 1998:Eugene Shoemaker 1918:, discovered by 1862:Naming of comets 1804:) are named for 1741:Lagrangian point 1700:274301 Knowledge 1653:"lost" asteroids 1642: 1640: 1639: 1530:Gerard P. Kuiper 1522:Mary Adela Blagg 1451:referred to the 1132: 1131: 1043:, discovered by 1035:William Herschel 1033:, discovered by 929:Whirlpool Galaxy 925:Andromeda Galaxy 903:celestial sphere 770: 748:and the list of 706:Besselian Epochs 569:Rho¹ Cancri 528:Theta Sagittarii 432:Beta Crucis 275:) for the stars 21: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3086: 3085: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3016: 2961: 2940: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2874: 2870: 2838:Don E. Machholz 2835: 2828: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2785: 2781: 2775:Wayback Machine 2766: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2731: 2721: 2719: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2679: 2675: 2666: 2664: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2645: 2643: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2621: 2619: 2614: 2613: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2580: 2579: 2572: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2540: 2531: 2529: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2506: 2504: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2459:Bishop, David. 2457: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2428: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2369: 2365: 2356: 2354: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2329: 2325: 2316: 2312: 2301: 2297: 2288: 2286: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2157:"About the IAU" 2155: 2154: 2150: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2047: 2027: 2026: 2023: 2012: 2011: 2008: 1986:Comet Hale–Bopp 1868: 1858: 1820: 1813: 1798:Neptune trojans 1758: 1747: 1739:. Asteroids at 1729:Jupiter trojans 1676:9007 James Bond 1637: 1636: 1635:(28978) 2001 KX 1633: 1578: 1564: 1537:albedo features 1496: 1490: 1442:Naming of moons 1440:discovery. See 1240:(Mars), or the 1214: 1212:Naming of moons 1208: 1200:Kepler-34(AB) b 1168: 1162: 982: 972: 964:J. L. E. Dreyer 948:Messier catalog 917: 911: 890: 884: 879: 873: 795: 789: 768:SDSS J0100+2802 766: 751:Messier objects 724: 718: 696:and degrees of 694:right ascension 679: 673: 668: 628: 622: 610:right ascension 581: 554: 548: 504:d Centauri 472:D Centauri 464:A Centauri 372: 364:Main articles: 362: 327:star catalogues 319: 313: 253: 247: 163:Arabic language 149:. Examples are 143:brightest stars 139: 129: 114:star catalogues 86: 80: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3109: 3099: 3098: 3083: 3082: 3070: 3058: 3046: 3034: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2960: 2959:External links 2957: 2956: 2955: 2939: 2938: 2932: 2914: 2892: 2868: 2826: 2808: 2788:Stan Gibilisco 2779: 2755: 2729: 2699: 2693: 2673: 2652: 2628: 2598: 2570: 2538: 2513: 2492: 2478: 2451: 2426: 2423:on 2022-12-05. 2408: 2378: 2371:Ridpath, Ian. 2363: 2339: 2323: 2310: 2295: 2270: 2265:"Naming Stars" 2256: 2232: 2229:on 2022-11-10. 2214: 2190: 2176: 2162: 2148: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2125: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2048: 2046: 2043: 1924:32P/Comas Solà 1876:Halley's Comet 1857: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1837: 1823: 1818: 1811: 1795: 1777: 1756: 1745: 1726: 1688:4090 Říšehvězd 1672:5535 Annefrank 1649:WGSBN Bulletin 1563: 1560: 1515:Great Red Spot 1492:Main article: 1489: 1486: 1453:Galilean moons 1437: 1436: 1427: 1418: 1409: 1400: 1391: 1382: 1373: 1341:S/1993 (243) 1 1335:, the moon of 1270:Alexander Pope 1242:Galilean moons 1224:would call it 1207: 1204: 1192:Alpha Centauri 1164:Main article: 1161: 1158: 1058:Georgium Sidus 1053: 1052: 1038: 1016:would call it 984:The brightest 971: 968: 910: 907: 894:constellations 886:Main article: 883: 882:Constellations 880: 875:Main article: 872: 869: 788: 785: 717: 714: 686:PSR J0737-3039 675:Main article: 672: 669: 667: 664: 624:Main article: 621: 620:Variable stars 618: 580: 577: 547: 544: 512:s Carinae 480:G Scorpii 361: 358: 317:Star catalogue 315:Main article: 312: 309: 261:Kapteyn's Star 257:Barnard's Star 249:Main article: 246: 243: 209:Star of Arcady 128: 125: 103:constellations 82:Main article: 79: 76: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3108: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2941: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2902: 2896: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2833: 2831: 2823: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2740: 2733: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2703: 2696: 2694:9783642297182 2690: 2686: 2685: 2677: 2662: 2656: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2617: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2575: 2566: 2559: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2528:on 2012-05-26 2527: 2523: 2517: 2502: 2496: 2488: 2482: 2467:on 2020-11-20 2466: 2462: 2455: 2439: 2433: 2431: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2397:on 2021-08-06 2396: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2374: 2367: 2353: 2352:NameExoworlds 2349: 2343: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2320: 2314: 2307: 2306: 2299: 2285:on 2018-02-01 2284: 2280: 2274: 2266: 2260: 2242: 2236: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2200: 2194: 2186: 2180: 2172: 2166: 2158: 2152: 2144: 2138: 2134: 2120: 2113: 2109: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2083:NameExoWorlds 2081: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2021: 2016: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1965:Roman numeral 1962: 1958: 1953: 1952:Comet Bennett 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1912:George Alcock 1909: 1908:Genichi Araki 1905: 1901: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1880:Edmond Halley 1877: 1873: 1867: 1863: 1850: 1847:), including 1846: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1814: 1807: 1803: 1802:385571 Otrera 1799: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715:Amor asteroid 1712: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1582:minor planets 1577: 1573: 1569: 1562:Minor planets 1559: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1495: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1469:Medici family 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1157: 1155: 1154:dwarf planets 1151: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1114:Derived from 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 981: 977: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 936:open clusters 932: 930: 926: 922: 916: 906: 904: 900: 895: 889: 878: 868: 864: 862: 861:Kepler's Star 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 829: 827: 822: 818: 817:SN 1987A 814: 810: 805: 804: 799: 794: 784: 782: 778: 774: 769: 764: 760: 755: 753: 752: 747: 746: 741: 737: 733: 729: 723: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 678: 666:Compact stars 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 640:constellation 637: 633: 627: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 586: 576: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 553: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 446:) in Carina, 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 403: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 371: 367: 357: 355: 351: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 318: 308: 306: 305:NameExoWorlds 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 252: 242: 240: 236: 231: 229: 225: 222:In 2016, the 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 173: 171: 169: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 147:constellation 144: 138: 134: 124: 122: 117: 115: 111: 106: 104: 100: 95: 91: 85: 75: 73: 69: 68:minor planets 65: 61: 56: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 3080:Solar System 2968: 2949: 2945:Hoffleit, D. 2921:Compare the 2917: 2905:. 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