367:
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45:
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240:
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on the treaty. Grant then asked Fish to draw up a formal diplomatic treaty, since
Babcock did not have diplomatic authority. Having not been consulted on the Dominican treaty process, Fish was ready to resign from the Cabinet, however, Grant intervened having told Fish he would have complete control of the State Department, except for the Dominican Republic annexation treaty. Fish and Grant privately agreed that Fish would remain on the Cabinet and support Dominican annexation while Grant would not support Cuban belligerence during the
280:
312:
410:
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1902:, Sumner's close friend. Then, in March 1871 Grant influenced his allied senators to remove Sumner as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Grant was able to get Congress to allow an investigation commission to be sent and make an objective assessment as to whether annexation would be beneficial to both the United States and the Dominican Republic. The commission, sent in 1871, included civil rights activist
199:
unstable, having a history of revolution. Sumner believed that Báez was a corrupt despot and that the use of the U.S. Navy by Grant during the treaty negotiation to protect Santo
Domingo was illegal. Sumner said that the annexationists wanted the whole island and would also absorb the independent black nation of Haiti. Schurz opposed acquisition because he did not favor
444:
Sumner allowed the treaty to be debated openly on the
Committee without giving his own opinion. However, on March 15, Sumner's Foreign Relations Committee in a closed session voted to oppose the treaty 5 to 2. On March 24, in another closed session, Sumner came out strongly against the treaty. Sumner
440:
On
January 10, 1870, Grant formally submitted Fish's Dominican Republic annexation treaty to the U.S. Senate. The treaty was stalled in the Senate until Sumner's Foreign Relations Committee started hearings in mid February, 1870. Fish noted that the Senate was reluctant to pass any measures initiated
198:
for two million
American dollars. Also included and supported by Grant was the provision that the Dominican Republic could apply for statehood. When debated in the Senate, Sumner staunchly opposed the treaty, believing the annexation process was corrupt and that the Dominican Republic was politically
388:
In
September 1869, Babcock returned to Washington with a draft treaty of annexation. Grant's cabinet was stunned, not knowing that Babcock had planned to draw up an annexation treaty. Grant presented Babcock's informal treaty for his Cabinet to read, however, no Cabinet member offered any discussion
328:
African
Americans in the southern U.S. to leave the racism and poverty of the post-war South and start their own republican nation under the guidance of the U.S. In his final annual address to the nation in 1876, Grant said that the annexation would have raised the material and political fortunes of
431:
and his support for the
Dominican Republic treaty was crucial for passage in the Senate. The dialogue between the two men has been the subject of debate and controversy since the meeting. Different sources vary as to what exactly Sumner had said, however, Grant optimistically had walked away having
319:
In addition to the coaling station, Grant felt that the
Dominican Republic's immense resources could provide sustenance for the mass emigration of African Americans from the South of the U.S. to Santo Domingo. He hoped that this exodus would benefit America, Santo Domingo, and the African Americans
1906:
and reported favorably on the annexation of the
Dominican Republic to the United States and claimed that there was widespread local support for annexation. The commission, however, failed to generate enough enthusiasm in the Senate to overcome opposition to Dominican Republic annexation. As the
332:
Grant also felt that if the U.S. used its resources and technology to turn Santo Domingo into a huge producer of tropical goods (like tobacco and sugar) then it would reduce America's reliance on trade with slave states like Brazil and Cuba, thus helping to end slavery in the Americas.
186:
and could sell a much wider range of goods to the U.S. than could be sold in European markets, registered an improbably low 11 votes against annexation, compared to over ten thousand for annexation. The country's unstable history was one of invasion, colonization, and civil strife.
272:, had personal interest in securing U.S. annexation as, under the Báez government, they stood to own one tenth of the Dominican Republic's land. Grant, initially, did not have any interest in annexation. However, when Grant learned that the U.S. Navy had an interest in acquiring
449:, and would diminish independent Hispanic and African creole republics in the Western Hemisphere. Grant met with many senators on Capitol Hill hoping to rally support for the Treaty, to no avail. Grant refused the suggestion that the treaty drop the Dominican statehood clause.
393:. On October 19, 1869, Fish drew up a formal treaty; the United States would annex the Dominican Republic, pay $ 1,500,000 (equivalent to $ 31,000,000 in 2023) on the Dominican national debt, offer the Dominican Republic the right to U.S. statehood, and the U.S. would rent
287:
Fish appointed Benjamin P. Hunt with diplomatic authority to look into the Dominican Republic's debt and whether the people actually desired to join the United States. Hunt, however, fell ill and could not make the journey. Grant then sent his aide, Brevet Brigadier General
1897:
Grant was livid at the treaty's failure to pass the Senate and blamed Sumner's opposition for the defeat; Grant had believed Sumner had originally agreed to support the treaty at their January 2, 1870, meeting. Grant then retaliated by firing U.S. Ambassador to Britain,
1907:
aforementioned local plebiscite on annexation only involved 30% of the Dominican electorate, the whole affair may have failed to adequately account for the wishes of the population regarding annexation versus continued independence.
214:
The annexation treaty failed because there was little support for it outside Grant's circle. The defeat of the treaty in the Senate directly contributed to the division of the Republican party into two opposing factions during the
2737:
146:
who were suffering persecution in the U.S., but he did not include this in his official messages. Grant speculated that the acquisition of Santo Domingo would help bring about the end of slavery in Cuba and elsewhere.
452:
Finally on the evening of June 30, 1870, the Senate defeated the Dominican Republic annexation treaty by a vote of 28 to 28. Eighteen Republican senators joined Sumner to defeat the Dominican annexation treaty.
268:, asked Secretary of State Hamilton Fish that the Dominican Republic, then known as Santo Domingo, be annexed to the United States and able to apply for statehood. Fabens, along with his Texan business partner
329:
millions of African Americans. Their mass movement to Santo Domingo would have made African Americans “master of the situation, by enabling them to demand rights at home on pain of finding them elsewhere.”
292:, to gather information on the Dominican Republic. Rather than official diplomatic authority, Grant personally gave Babcock special agent status with a personal introduction letter for Dominican President
303:. He used the excuse of European interest in the island to advocate annexation as a means to defend the U.S., preventing a rival power from gaining a foothold in the Western Hemisphere.
30:
366:
348:
339:
3572:
3306:
2549:
Polyné, Millery. "Expansion Now!: Haiti," Santo Domingo," and Frederick Douglass at the Intersection of US and Caribbean Pan-Americanism." Caribbean Studies 34.2 (2006): 3-45.
3567:
2968:
253:'s administration, the Dominican government, under threat of Haitian invasion, had asked to be annexed by the United States. This threat, everpresent since the invasion of
3311:
2973:
2762:
44:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2757:
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denounced the treaty vehemently, alleging it was made only to enrich private American and island interests and to politically protect Báez. Grant had authorized the
3552:
2579:
2430:
2747:
419:
On January 2, 1870, prior to the formal treaty being submitted to the Senate, Grant made an unprecedented visit to Senator Charles Sumner at his home in
207:(the vote was a tie). In order to vindicate the failed treaty annexation, Grant sent a committee, authorized by Congress and including African American
2164:
2135:
2106:
2009:
545:
2725:
3557:
2893:
1916:
2804:
179:
441:
by the executive branch. There was widespread opposition in the Senate to absorbing a nation with so many black and mixed-race inhabitants.
2562:
Tavárez, Fidel. "'The Moral Miasma of the Tropics': American Imperialism and the Failed Annexation of the Dominican Republic, 1869–1871."
357:
2648:
2697:
2610:
138:, with the promise of eventual statehood. President Grant feared some European power would take the island country in violation of the
432:
believed Sumner had supported his treaty. Sumner stated that he only told Grant that he was a "Republican and an Administration man".
3276:
3203:
3098:
3444:
3522:
3517:
3301:
3191:
3176:
2923:
2913:
224:
216:
3577:
3542:
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3527:
3343:
3118:
2720:
2629:
2918:
2715:
3296:
3221:
2312:
3081:
2940:
1170:
401:, Grant initially erred by not gaining U.S. public support and by keeping the treaty process secret from the U.S. Senate.
3186:
3171:
3059:
3051:
2908:
3537:
3512:
3507:
2742:
2505:
1978:
428:
3234:
3281:
3264:
2827:
2569:
Wade, B.F., White, A.D., Howe, S.G. "Dominican Republic. Report of the Commission of Inquiry to Santo Domingo", 1871.
2478:
211:, that investigated and produced a report favorable to annexation of the Dominican Republic into the United States.
3211:
3140:
2688:
480:
475:
321:
3328:
3316:
2792:
2787:
2772:
2583:
2445:
3064:
2707:
2632:
2603:
954:
3414:
2878:
299:
Fearing European powers might take control of Santo Domingo, Grant also mentioned the need to maintain the
203:
people becoming U.S. citizens. The treaty ultimately failed to reach the two-thirds vote needed under the
3145:
2812:
1970:
3502:
3547:
3017:
2868:
2564:
Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos. Nouveaux mondes mondes nouveaux-Novo Mundo Mundos Novos-New world New worlds
3480:
3286:
3229:
2988:
2928:
2848:
2596:
3130:
3032:
239:
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3000:
2983:
2653:
2078:
135:
3321:
3005:
2935:
269:
25:
3376:
3135:
2903:
2853:
1842:
1530:
445:
opposed the treaty believing annexation would be expensive, launch an American empire in the
3426:
3408:
3402:
3384:
3252:
3244:
3239:
2858:
2668:
690:
254:
182:
ordered by Báez, who believed the Dominican Republic had better odds of survival as a U.S.
1941:
293:
159:
8:
3562:
3466:
3438:
3291:
3257:
2863:
2683:
2678:
2497:
1899:
1506:
1458:
978:
220:
261:
for decades. However, Congress was unwilling to comply to any proposal made by Johnson.
3360:
3108:
2956:
2873:
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2261:
2158:
2129:
2100:
2003:
1931:
1903:
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1314:
1146:
714:
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annexation treaty hoping for Sumner's support. Sumner was the powerful Chairman of the
424:
325:
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within the U.S.; provide skilled workers to the island; and would enable the 4 million
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265:
208:
200:
171:
151:
131:
123:
102:
3113:
2673:
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2474:
2308:
2265:
1974:
1967:
The Inverted Conquest: The Myth of Modernity and the Transatlantic Onset of Modernism
1926:
1818:
1602:
858:
618:
398:
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143:
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3333:
3103:
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1434:
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127:
88:
2523:
The Dominican Republic and the United States: From Imperialism to Transnationalism
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139:
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The United States and Santo Domingo, 1798-1873: A Chapter in Caribbean Diplomacy
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The Picky Eagle: How Democracy and Xenophobia Limited U.S. Territorial Expansion
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98:
21:
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In April 1869, Joseph W. Fabens, a New England businessman representing the
257:
in 1801, was partnered with the threat of internal revolt which had plagued
195:
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1866:
1589:
1410:
1266:
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1421:
917:
167:
2580:
May 31, 1870: Message Regarding Dominican Republic Annexation transcript
3027:
1661:
773:
701:
677:
194:
that included the annexation of the country itself and the purchase of
397:
at $ 150,000 per annum for 50 years. According to Grant's biographer,
2978:
2537:
Almost a territory: America's attempt to annex the Dominican Republic
2122:
A COMPILATION OF THE MESSAGES AND PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS 1789 -1902
1397:
1338:
1085:
1037:
941:
446:
178:
while the treaty annexation process took place in the U.S. Senate. A
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1781:
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1709:
1565:
1541:
1445:
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989:
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1805:
1613:
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1205:
869:
1853:
1637:
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797:
174:
to protect the Dominican Republic from invasion by neighboring
158:
to negotiate the treaty of annexation with Dominican president
142:. He privately thought annexation would be a safety valve for
2544:
Hamilton Fish;: The inner history of the Grant administration
2242:"Charles Sumner and the Annexation of the Dominican Republic"
1229:
1013:
175:
162:. The annexation process drew controversy: opponents Senator
1733:
1109:
965:
231:
as presidential candidate, and other opponents of Grant).
16:
1869 attempted U.S. treaty to annex the Dominican Republic
2431:"Oposición dominicana a la anexión a los Estados Unidos"
2051:
Race over Empire: Racism and U.S. Imperialism, 1865-1900
1996:
Race over Empire: Racism and U.S. Imperialism, 1865-1900
3573:
Settlement schemes in Central America and the Caribbean
687:
1503:
1455:
975:
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1143:
711:
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Proposed states and territories of the United States
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1359:
1095:
1071:
1047:
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663:
150:In 1869, Grant commissioned his private secretary
112:Treaty defeated in the U.S. Senate - June 30, 1870
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1671:
1479:
1215:
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759:
3494:
1743:
879:
807:
639:
306:
283:The important position of the Dominican Republic
2398:
2396:
2239:
2189:
1863:
1407:
1263:
951:
435:
2321:
2307:. Cornell University Press. pp. 167–172.
2057:
1892:
1551:
223:(composed of Grant and his loyalists) and the
2604:
2341:
2339:
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2163:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2134:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2105:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2008:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1964:
1335:
383:
276:as a coaling station, he became interested.
2220:
190:A treaty was drafted by Secretary of State
3553:Dominican Republic–United States relations
2611:
2597:
2334:
2272:
2202:
2171:
2119:
1917:Dominican Republic–United States relations
423:Grant specifically informed Sumner of the
2029:
2016:
122:was an attempted treaty during the later
2924:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
2914:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871
2473:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
2438:Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación
408:
310:
278:
238:
130:in 1869, to annex Santo Domingo (as the
2464:
2416:
2403:
2387:
2374:
404:
126:, initiated by United States President
3495:
1965:Mejias-Lopez, Alejandro (2010-01-09).
320:since it would lower the chances of a
234:
3558:History of United States expansionism
2592:
2559:(1938) the standard scholarly history
2487:
2346:
2328:
2300:
2288:
2227:
2214:
2196:
2183:
2064:
2036:
2023:
3082:Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant
2833:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
2618:
2539:(University of Delaware Press, 1990)
2530:Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man
2095:. pp. Chapter 2, Santo Domingo.
2048:
1993:
120:proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
38:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
2525:(University of Georgia Press, 1998)
2521:Atkins, G. Pope and Larman Wilson.
13:
2515:
2465:McFeely, William S. (2002-09-17).
2076:Ulysses S. Grant (April 5, 1871),
429:Senate Foreign Relations Committee
14:
3589:
3265:Grant Cottage State Historic Site
2989:Indian Appropriations Act of 1871
2573:
3476:
3475:
2649:Grant and the American Civil War
2148:
2090:
374:
365:
356:
347:
338:
43:
3523:1870 in international relations
3518:1869 in international relations
2584:Miller Center of Public Affairs
2422:
2359:"San Domingo Treaty Rejected".
2352:
2294:
2233:
2142:
3578:American colonization movement
3543:Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant
3533:1870 in the Dominican Republic
3528:1869 in the Dominican Republic
2633:President of the United States
2458:
2120:Richardson, James, D. (1902).
2113:
2084:
2042:
1987:
1958:
315:A Dominican Tobacco Plantation
53:Watercolor by James E. Taylor
1:
2879:Specie Payment Resumption Act
1947:
307:Racial aspect to the argument
227:(composed of Schurz, Sumner,
217:presidential election of 1872
2753:State of the Union addresses
2444:(2): 395–407. Archived from
2429:Montllor, Joseph J. (1941).
1952:
436:Treaty submitted and failure
7:
3322:1922 Grant Memorial coinage
2488:Smith, Jean Edward (2001).
1971:Vanderbilt University Press
1910:
1893:Aftermath and repercussions
10:
3594:
3018:Naturalization Act of 1870
2909:U.S. Department of Justice
2869:General Mining Act of 1872
2301:Maass, Richard W. (2020).
459:Vote to ratify the treaty
249:In 1867, during President
244:President Ulysses S. Grant
3538:Second Dominican Republic
3513:1870 in American politics
3508:1869 in American politics
3454:
3375:
3342:
3220:
3202:
3161:
3091:
3073:
3050:
2949:
2929:Yellowstone National Park
2892:
2849:Public Credit Act of 1869
2841:
2803:
2706:
2641:
2626:
2555:Tansill, Charles Callan.
2363:. 1 July 1870. p. 1.
2258:10.1017/s0165115300022841
558:
552:
544:
540:
469:
466:
463:
458:
384:Annexation treaty created
134:was commonly known) as a
108:
94:
84:
61:
42:
3131:Ulysses S. Grant Cottage
3033:Civil Rights Act of 1875
2941:Electoral Commission Act
2919:Civil Service Commission
2535:Nelson, William Javier.
2240:Hidalgo, Dennis (1997).
2124:. AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS.
3001:Enforcement Act of 1870
2528:Donald, David Herbert.
1994:Eric, Love, T. (2004).
136:United States territory
18:
3292:Ohio Statehouse statue
3006:Second Enforcement Act
2969:Native American policy
2698:Commanding generalship
2049:Love, Eric T. (2004).
416:
414:Senator Charles Sumner
316:
284:
246:
31:considered for merging
3467:Rutherford B. Hayes →
2904:Judiciary Act of 1869
2854:Copyright Act of 1870
2748:Judicial appointments
2419:), pp. 350, 352.
412:
314:
282:
242:
3427:Ulysses S. Grant III
3409:Ulysses S. Grant Jr.
3403:Frederick Dent Grant
3385:Hannah Simpson Grant
3235:Presidential library
3060:Bid for a third term
2859:Currency Act of 1870
2813:Treaty of Washington
2498:Simon & Schuster
691:Alexander G. Cattell
405:Grant visited Sumner
255:Toussaint Louverture
3439:Ulysses S. Grant IV
3415:Jesse Root Grant II
3344:Cultural depictions
3307:U.S. Postage stamps
3297:Philadelphia statue
3277:U.S. Capitol statue
2864:Funding Act of 1870
2721:Second inauguration
2679:Richmond–Petersburg
1900:John Lothrop Motley
1507:Frederick A. Sawyer
1459:Thomas J. Robertson
979:William T. Hamilton
235:Annexation proposal
225:Liberal Republicans
221:Radical Republicans
39:
3356:(2002 documentary)
3302:San Francisco bust
3253:General Grant tree
2874:Timber Culture Act
2716:First inauguration
2469:Grant: A Biography
1932:Frederick Douglass
1904:Frederick Douglass
1843:George H. Williams
1627:William M. Stewart
1315:James W. Patterson
1171:Alexander McDonald
1147:Thomas C. McCreery
715:Zachariah Chandler
425:Dominican Republic
417:
317:
290:Orville E. Babcock
285:
270:William L. Cazneau
266:Dominican Republic
247:
209:Frederick Douglass
152:Orville E. Babcock
132:Dominican Republic
124:Reconstruction era
103:Dominican Republic
50:Santo Domingo City
37:
3548:Proposed treaties
3490:
3489:
3371:
3370:
3364:(2020 miniseries)
3329:Grant High School
3046:
3045:
2828:Korean Expedition
2361:The Baltimore Sun
2314:978-1-5017-4875-2
1942:Buenaventura Báez
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1819:Waitman T. Willey
1603:George E. Spencer
1531:Willard Saulsbury
859:George F. Edmunds
619:Arthur I. Boreman
399:Jean Edward Smith
326:newly emancipated
294:Buenaventura Báez
160:Buenaventura Báez
144:African Americans
116:
115:
3585:
3479:
3478:
3460:← Andrew Johnson
3445:Julia Dent Grant
3391:Jesse Root Grant
3353:Ulysses S. Grant
3334:U.S. Grant Hotel
3218:
3217:
3146:speeding arrests
3119:White Haven home
3038:Page Act of 1875
3011:Ku Klux Klan Act
2996:Enforcement Acts
2801:
2800:
2636:
2620:Ulysses S. Grant
2613:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2546:(1936) pp 249–78
2511:
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2413:
2407:
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2391:
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2378:
2377:), pp. 341, 344.
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2027:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1962:
1937:Ulysses S. Grant
1922:Ostend Manifesto
1871:
1870:
1869:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1823:
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1821:
1799:
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1723:Allen G. Thurman
1703:
1702:
1701:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1651:John P. Stockton
1631:
1630:
1629:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1435:Benjamin F. Rice
1415:
1414:
1413:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1387:Alexander Ramsey
1367:
1366:
1365:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1291:Thomas W. Osborn
1271:
1270:
1269:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1243:Oliver P. Morton
1223:
1222:
1221:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1123:John W. Johnston
1103:
1102:
1101:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1007:
1006:
1005:
983:
982:
981:
959:
958:
957:
935:
934:
933:
931:Joseph S. Fowler
911:
910:
909:
887:
886:
885:
863:
862:
861:
839:
838:
837:
835:Charles D. Drake
815:
814:
813:
791:
790:
789:
787:Henry W. Corbett
767:
766:
765:
743:
742:
741:
719:
718:
717:
695:
694:
693:
671:
670:
669:
647:
646:
645:
623:
622:
621:
599:
598:
597:
595:Henry B. Anthony
575:
574:
573:
571:Joseph C. Abbott
542:
541:
512:
492:
456:
455:
421:Washington, D.C.
378:
369:
360:
351:
342:
128:Ulysses S. Grant
89:Washington, D.C.
80:
78:
72:
70:
47:
40:
36:
34:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3450:
3447:(granddaughter)
3367:
3338:
3282:Brooklyn relief
3271:The Peacemakers
3216:
3198:
3157:
3087:
3069:
3052:Post-presidency
3042:
2984:Great Sioux War
2945:
2936:Post Office Act
2895:
2888:
2884:Desert Land Act
2842:Economic policy
2837:
2799:
2702:
2642:Military career
2637:
2628:
2622:
2617:
2576:
2542:Nevins, Allam.
2518:
2516:Further reading
2508:
2481:
2461:
2456:
2448:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2410:
2401:
2394:
2390:), pp. 345–346.
2385:
2381:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2331:), pp. 504–505.
2326:
2322:
2315:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2273:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2199:), pp. 502–503.
2194:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2156:
2155:
2149:Love, Eric, T.
2147:
2143:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2098:
2097:
2091:Love, Eric, T.
2089:
2085:
2079:Special Message
2075:
2071:
2067:), pp. 500–501.
2062:
2058:
2047:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2017:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1973:. p. 132.
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1913:
1895:
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1841:
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1793:
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1745:
1744:
1721:
1720:
1697:
1696:
1673:
1672:
1649:
1648:
1625:
1624:
1601:
1600:
1579:William Sprague
1577:
1576:
1553:
1552:
1529:
1528:
1505:
1504:
1481:
1480:
1457:
1456:
1433:
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1409:
1408:
1385:
1384:
1363:Daniel D. Pratt
1361:
1360:
1337:
1336:
1313:
1312:
1289:
1288:
1265:
1264:
1241:
1240:
1217:
1216:
1193:
1192:
1169:
1168:
1145:
1144:
1121:
1120:
1099:James B. Howell
1097:
1096:
1075:Timothy O. Howe
1073:
1072:
1051:Jacob M. Howard
1049:
1048:
1025:
1024:
1003:Hannibal Hamlin
1001:
1000:
977:
976:
953:
952:
929:
928:
905:
904:
881:
880:
857:
856:
833:
832:
809:
808:
785:
784:
761:
760:
739:Roscoe Conkling
737:
736:
713:
712:
689:
688:
667:Eugene Casserly
665:
664:
641:
640:
617:
616:
593:
592:
569:
568:
510:
490:
438:
415:
407:
386:
379:
370:
361:
352:
343:
309:
301:Monroe Doctrine
245:
237:
140:Monroe Doctrine
76:
74:
68:
66:
57:
52:
35:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3591:
3581:
3580:
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3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3503:Six Years' War
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3442:
3436:
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3418:
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3394:
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3340:
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3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3287:Chicago statue
3284:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3230:Grant Memorial
3226:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:"Peace Policy"
2966:
2965:
2964:
2957:Reconstruction
2953:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2890:
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2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
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2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2809:
2807:
2805:Foreign policy
2798:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2750:
2745:
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2661:
2656:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2575:
2574:External links
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2507:978-0684849270
2506:
2485:
2479:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2451:on 2013-05-12.
2440:(in Spanish).
2421:
2408:
2392:
2379:
2366:
2351:
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2313:
2293:
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2201:
2188:
2170:
2141:
2112:
2083:
2069:
2056:
2053:. Chapel Hill.
2041:
2028:
2015:
1998:. Chapel Hill.
1986:
1980:978-0826516770
1979:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1927:Six Years' War
1924:
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1894:
1891:
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1887:
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1824:
1812:
1811:
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1800:
1795:Willard Warner
1788:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1771:George Vickers
1764:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1731:
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1716:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1699:John M. Thayer
1692:
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1688:
1683:
1680:
1675:Charles Sumner
1668:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1644:
1643:
1640:
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1620:
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1560:
1548:
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1539:
1536:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1518:South Carolina
1515:
1512:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1483:Edmund G. Ross
1476:
1475:
1472:
1470:South Carolina
1467:
1464:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1380:
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1376:
1371:
1368:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:North Carolina
1347:
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1332:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1308:
1307:
1304:
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1227:
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1219:Lot M. Morrill
1212:
1211:
1208:
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1200:
1195:Justin Morrill
1188:
1187:
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1080:
1068:
1067:
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1056:
1044:
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1040:
1035:
1032:
1027:John S. Harris
1020:
1019:
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1008:
996:
995:
992:
987:
984:
972:
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968:
963:
960:
948:
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944:
939:
936:
924:
923:
920:
915:
912:
907:Orris S. Ferry
900:
899:
896:
891:
888:
876:
875:
872:
867:
864:
852:
851:
848:
843:
840:
828:
827:
824:
819:
816:
804:
803:
800:
795:
792:
780:
779:
776:
771:
768:
763:Cornelius Cole
756:
755:
752:
747:
744:
732:
731:
728:
723:
720:
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704:
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635:
632:
627:
624:
612:
611:
608:
603:
600:
588:
587:
584:
582:North Carolina
579:
576:
564:
563:
560:
557:
554:
550:
549:
548:on the report
546:Roll call vote
538:
537:
534:
532:
530:
526:
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520:
515:
507:
501:
500:
497:
494:
488:
484:
483:
478:
472:
471:
468:
465:
464:June 30, 1870
461:
460:
437:
434:
413:
406:
403:
391:Ten Years' War
385:
382:
381:
380:
373:
371:
364:
362:
355:
353:
346:
344:
337:
308:
305:
251:Andrew Johnson
243:
236:
233:
229:Horace Greeley
164:Charles Sumner
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
63:
59:
58:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3590:
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3464:
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3461:
3457:
3456:
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3440:
3437:
3434:
3433:Chapman Grant
3431:
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3425:
3422:
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3407:
3404:
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3272:
3268:
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3259:
3256:
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3251:
3249:
3247:
3246:General Grant
3243:
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3238:
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3231:
3228:
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3225:
3223:
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3213:
3210:
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3021:
3019:
3016:
3012:
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3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
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2987:
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2972:
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2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:Social policy
2948:
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2657:
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2654:Fort Donelson
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1901:
1881:
1879:
1878:Massachusetts
1876:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1830:West Virginia
1828:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1747:Thomas Tipton
1742:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1686:Massachusetts
1684:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:New Hampshire
1324:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1004:
998:
997:
993:
991:
988:
985:
980:
974:
973:
969:
967:
964:
961:
956:
950:
949:
945:
943:
940:
937:
932:
926:
925:
921:
919:
916:
913:
908:
902:
901:
897:
895:
892:
889:
884:
883:Reuben Fenton
878:
877:
873:
871:
868:
865:
860:
854:
853:
849:
847:
844:
841:
836:
830:
829:
825:
823:
820:
817:
812:
811:Garrett Davis
806:
805:
801:
799:
796:
793:
788:
782:
781:
777:
775:
772:
769:
764:
758:
757:
753:
751:
748:
745:
740:
734:
733:
729:
727:
724:
721:
716:
710:
709:
705:
703:
700:
697:
692:
686:
685:
681:
679:
676:
673:
668:
662:
661:
657:
655:
652:
649:
644:
643:Simon Cameron
638:
637:
633:
631:
630:West Virginia
628:
625:
620:
614:
613:
609:
607:
604:
601:
596:
590:
589:
585:
583:
580:
577:
572:
566:
565:
561:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
533:
531:
528:
527:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
508:
506:
503:
502:
498:
495:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
462:
457:
454:
450:
448:
442:
433:
430:
426:
422:
411:
402:
400:
396:
392:
377:
372:
368:
363:
359:
354:
350:
345:
341:
336:
335:
334:
330:
327:
323:
313:
304:
302:
297:
295:
291:
281:
277:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
259:Santo Domingo
256:
252:
241:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
212:
210:
206:
205:Treaty Clause
202:
197:
193:
192:Hamilton Fish
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:Rufus Ingalls
153:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
111:
107:
104:
100:
99:United States
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
64:
60:
56:
51:
46:
41:
32:
28:
27:
26:Infobox event
23:
3474:
3465:
3458:
3421:Nellie Grant
3359:
3351:
3269:
3245:
3212:Bibliography
3153:Grant's Tomb
3141:Horsemanship
3109:Boyhood home
3080:
3023:Comstock Act
2832:
2818:
2563:
2556:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2496:. New York:
2491:
2468:
2446:the original
2441:
2437:
2424:
2417:McFeely 2002
2411:
2404:McFeely 2002
2388:McFeely 2002
2382:
2375:McFeely 2002
2369:
2360:
2354:
2323:
2303:
2296:
2252:(2): 51–65.
2249:
2245:
2235:
2222:
2191:
2150:
2144:
2121:
2115:
2092:
2086:
2077:
2072:
2059:
2050:
2044:
2031:
2018:
1995:
1989:
1966:
1960:
1896:
1867:Henry Wilson
1590:Rhode Island
1411:Hiram Revels
1267:James W. Nye
955:James Harlan
654:Pennsylvania
606:Rhode Island
522:
517:
509:
504:
470:Total votes
451:
443:
439:
418:
387:
331:
318:
298:
286:
263:
248:
213:
189:
184:protectorate
166:and Senator
149:
119:
117:
95:Participants
54:
49:
24:
3397:Julia Grant
3136:Galena home
3114:Schoolhouse
2962:Amnesty Act
2689:Court House
2669:Chattanooga
2635:(1869–1877)
2551:online free
2459:Works cited
1555:Carl Schurz
1422:Mississippi
918:Connecticut
529:Not Voting
168:Carl Schurz
20:‹ The
3563:Annexation
3497:Categories
3441:(grandson)
3435:(grandson)
3429:(grandson)
3423:(daughter)
3240:Grant Park
3187:convention
3172:convention
3104:Birthplace
3099:Early life
3065:World tour
3028:Poland Act
2894:Government
2708:Presidency
2684:Appomattox
2406:), p. 352.
2349:), p. 505.
2347:Smith 2001
2329:Smith 2001
2291:), p. 504.
2289:Smith 2001
2246:Itinerario
2230:), p. 502.
2228:Smith 2001
2217:), p. 503.
2215:Smith 2001
2197:Smith 2001
2186:), p. 501.
2184:Smith 2001
2065:Smith 2001
2039:), p. 500.
2037:Smith 2001
2026:), p. 449.
2024:Smith 2001
1948:References
1662:New Jersey
774:California
702:New Jersey
678:California
481:Republican
476:Democratic
395:Samaná Bay
274:Samaná Bay
201:mixed-race
196:Samaná Bay
180:plebiscite
3317:$ 50 bill
3222:Memorials
3162:Elections
2979:Modoc War
2664:Vicksburg
2266:163872610
2159:cite book
2130:cite book
2101:cite book
2004:cite book
1953:Citations
1398:Minnesota
1339:John Pool
1086:Wisconsin
1038:Louisiana
942:Tennessee
447:Caribbean
172:U.S. Navy
29:is being
3481:Category
3393:(father)
3387:(mother)
3312:Currency
3192:election
3177:election
2731:Grantism
2726:Scandals
2674:Overland
1911:See also
1782:Maryland
1758:Nebraska
1710:Nebraska
1566:Missouri
1542:Maryland
1446:Arkansas
1182:Arkansas
1158:Kentucky
1134:Virginia
1062:Michigan
990:Maryland
894:New York
846:Missouri
822:Kentucky
750:New York
726:Michigan
322:race war
85:Location
33:. ›
22:template
2896:reforms
2819:Alabama
2743:Cabinet
2738:Pardons
2566:(2011).
1806:Alabama
1614:Alabama
1374:Indiana
1302:Florida
1254:Indiana
1206:Vermont
870:Vermont
553:Senator
109:Outcome
75: (
67: (
3399:(wife)
3377:Family
3204:Legacy
2821:Claims
2659:Shiloh
2532:(1970)
2504:
2477:
2311:
2264:
2151:(2004)
2093:(2004)
1977:
1854:Oregon
1638:Nevada
1494:Kansas
1278:Nevada
798:Oregon
467:Party
219:: the
73:– 1871
3417:(son)
3411:(son)
3405:(son)
3361:Grant
3258:grove
3183:1872
3168:1868
3074:Books
2492:Grant
2449:(PDF)
2434:(PDF)
2415:See (
2402:See (
2386:See (
2373:See (
2345:See (
2327:See (
2287:See (
2262:S2CID
2226:See (
2213:See (
2195:See (
2182:See (
2063:See (
2035:See (
2022:See (
1230:Maine
1014:Maine
562:Vote
559:State
556:Party
176:Haiti
3248:ship
3124:farm
3092:Life
2793:1876
2788:1875
2783:1874
2778:1873
2773:1872
2768:1871
2763:1870
2758:1869
2630:18th
2502:ISBN
2475:ISBN
2309:ISBN
2165:link
2136:link
2107:link
2010:link
1975:ISBN
1882:Yea
1858:Yea
1834:Nay
1810:Yea
1786:Nay
1762:Nay
1738:Nay
1734:Ohio
1714:Yea
1690:Nay
1666:Nay
1642:Yea
1618:Yea
1594:Yea
1570:Nay
1546:Nay
1522:Nay
1498:Nay
1474:Nay
1450:Yea
1426:Yea
1402:Yea
1378:Nay
1354:Nay
1330:Nay
1306:Yea
1282:Yea
1258:Yea
1234:Nay
1210:Nay
1186:Yea
1162:Nay
1138:Nay
1114:Yea
1110:Iowa
1090:Nay
1066:Yea
1042:Nay
1018:Yea
994:Nay
970:Yea
966:Iowa
946:Nay
922:Nay
898:Yea
874:Nay
850:Yea
826:Nay
802:Yea
778:Yea
754:Yea
730:Yea
706:Yea
682:Nay
658:Yea
634:Nay
610:Yea
586:Yea
487:Yea
154:and
118:The
77:1871
69:1869
65:1869
62:Date
55:1871
2254:doi
536:13
505:Nay
499:28
496:28
3499::
2582:,
2500:.
2442:19
2436:.
2395:^
2336:^
2274:^
2260:.
2250:21
2248:.
2244:.
2204:^
2173:^
2161:}}
2157:{{
2132:}}
2128:{{
2103:}}
2099:{{
2006:}}
2002:{{
1969:.
523:28
518:19
493:0
296:.
101:,
2612:e
2605:t
2598:v
2510:.
2483:.
2317:.
2268:.
2256::
2167:)
2153:.
2138:)
2109:)
2012:)
1983:.
1874:R
1850:R
1826:R
1802:R
1778:D
1754:R
1730:D
1706:R
1682:R
1658:D
1634:R
1610:R
1586:R
1562:R
1538:D
1514:R
1490:R
1466:R
1442:R
1418:R
1394:R
1370:R
1346:R
1322:R
1298:R
1274:R
1250:R
1226:R
1202:R
1178:R
1154:D
1130:D
1106:R
1082:R
1058:R
1034:R
1010:R
986:D
962:R
938:R
914:R
890:R
866:R
842:R
818:D
794:R
770:R
746:R
722:R
698:R
674:D
650:R
626:R
602:R
578:R
513:9
511:0
491:0
79:)
71:)
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