Public relations - Knowledge

157: 943:'s 2003 semi-annual trust survey found that only 20 percent of survey respondents from the public believed paid communicators within a company were credible. Individuals in public relations are growing increasingly concerned with their company's marketing practices, questioning whether they agree with the company's social responsibility. They seek more influence over marketing and more of a counseling and policy-making role. On the other hand, individuals in marketing are increasingly interested in incorporating publicity as a tool within the realm marketing. 1107:, he argues that public relations can be a real menace to democracy as it renders the public discourse powerless. Corporations are able to hire public relations professionals and transmit their messages through the media channels and exercise a huge amount of influence upon the individual who is defenseless against such a powerful force. He claims that public relations is a weapon for capitalist deception and the best way to resist is to become media literate and use critical thinking when interpreting the various mediated messages. 333:, established the first definition of public relations in the early 20th century as: "a management function, which tabulates public attitudes, defines the policies, procedures and interests of an organization... followed by executing a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance." However, when Lee was later asked about his role in a hearing with the United Transit Commission, he said "I have never been able to find a satisfactory phrase to describe what I do." In 1948, historian 3540: 1076: 93: 3885: 1114:, "public relations is not by definition 'spin'. Public relations is the art of building good relationships. You do that most effectively by earning trust and goodwill among those who are important to you and your business... Spin is to public relations what manipulation is to interpersonal communications. It's a diversion whose primary effect is ultimately to undermine the central goal of building trust and nurturing a good relationship." 638:

relations effort necessitate the creation of several distinct but complementary messages. These messages however should be relevant to each other, thus creating consistency in the overall message and theme. Audience targeting tactics are important for public relations practitioners because they face all kinds of problems: low visibility, lack of public understanding, opposition from critics, and insufficient support from funding sources.

398:"Public Relations is about reputation – the result of what you do, what you say and what others say about you. Public Relations is the discipline which looks after reputation, with the aim of earning understanding and support and influencing opinion and behaviour. It is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organisation and its publics." 1312:

individual chooses his own opinion on behavior and public issues. However, in practice, it is impossible for one to study all variables and approaches of a particular question and come to a conclusion without any external influence. This is the reason why the society has agreed upon an 'invisible government' to interpret on our behalf information and narrow the choice field to a more practical scale.

54: 415:(past, present, and future), staff (past, present, and future), investors (past, present, and future), politicians and regulators, neighbours, and business partners (suppliers, distributors, etc.)". Langley also contests the marketing perspective of seeing public relations as part of marketing, which he claims is too focused on just one of Hayward's six publics: customers. 1345:

charities, arranging sponsorships and advertising (such as of sports teams), arranging attendance at major social events, and recommending prominent associations that the client can join. Other mechanisms employed by PR firms on behalf of the purportedly corrupt or criminal customers include fake social media accounts, blogs by fake personalities, or partisan op-eds.

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of press strategies for such as B2B (business to business) or B2C (business to consumer). Business to business publicity highlights service providers who provide services and products to other businesses. Business to Consumer publicizes products and services for regular consumers, such as toys, travel, food, entertainment, personal electronics and music.

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create the appearance of the company or other events are going in a slightly different direction than they actually are. Within the field of public relations, spin is seen as a derogatory term, interpreted by professionals as meaning blatant deceit and manipulation. Skilled practitioners of spin are sometimes called "spin doctors."

486:(1914–1918), which affected not only military but whole populations, is considered to be "modern propaganda's launching pad". This led to more sophisticated commercial publicity efforts as public-relations talent entered the private sector. Most historians believe modern-day public relations was first established in the US by 985:: To become and stay informed of the specialized knowledge needed in the field of Public Relations. Taking that knowledge and improving the field through development, research and education. Meanwhile, professionals also build their understanding, credibility, and relationships to understand various audiences and industries. 1095:

Spin has been interpreted historically to mean overt deceit that is meant to manipulate the public, but since the 1950s has shifted to describing a "polishing of the truth." Today, spin refers to providing a certain interpretation of information meant to sway public opinion. Companies may use spin to

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Other than the ethics put in place in the United States of America there are also International ethics set to ensure proper and, legal worldwide communication. Regarding these ethics, there are broad codes used specifically for international forms of public relations, and then there are more specific

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Marketing and communications strategist, Ira Gostin, believes there is a code of conduct when conducting business and using public relations. Public relations specialists have the ability to influence society. Fact-checking and presenting accurate information is necessary to maintain credibility with

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Social media platforms enable users to connect with audiences to build brands, increase sales, and drive website traffic. This involves publishing content on social media profiles, engaging with followers, analyzing results, and running social media advertisements. The goal is to produce content that

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Building and managing relationships with those who influence an organization or individual's audiences have a central role in doing public relations. After a public relations practitioner has been working in the field, they accumulate a list of relationships that become an asset, especially for those

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Public relations professionals both serve the public's interest and private interests of businesses, associations, non-profit organizations, and governments. This dual obligation gave rise to heated debates among scholars of the discipline and practitioners over its fundamental values. This conflict

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PR practitioners have always relied on the media such as TV, radio, and magazines, to promote their ideas and messages tailored specifically to a target audience. Social media marketing is not only a new way to achieve that goal, but also a continuation of a strategy that existed for decades. Lister

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Messaging is the process of creating a consistent story around: a product, person, company, or service. Messaging aims to prevent readers from receiving contradictory or confusing information that could instill doubt in their purchasing choices, or other decisions that affect the company. Brands aim

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A public is any group whose members have a common interest or common values in a particular subject, such as a political party. Those members would then be considered stakeholders, which are people who have a stake or an interest in an organization or issue that potentially involves the organization

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and the people with the disease are stakeholders, but the audience is anyone who is likely to donate money. Public relations experts possess deep skills in media relations, market positioning, and branding. They are powerful agents that help clients deliver clear, unambiguous information to a target

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and to tailor messages that are relevant to each audience. Audience targeting requires public relations professionals to have a deep understanding of the needs and desires of the audience they are trying to appeal to. Sometimes the interests of differing audiences and stakeholders common to a public

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According to Bernays, the public relations counsel is the agent working with both modern media of communications and group formations of society in order to provide ideas to the public's consciousness. Furthermore, he is also concerned with ideologies and courses of actions as well as material goods

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Publicists can work in a host of different types of business verticals such as entertainment, technology, music, travel, television, food, consumer electronics and more. Many publicists build their career in a specific business space to leverage relationships and contacts. There are different kinds

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In fact, Bernays stresses that we are in fact dominated in almost every aspect of our lives, by a relatively small number of persons who have mastered the 'mental processes and social patterns of the masses,' which include our behavior, political and economic spheres or our morals. In theory, each

1323:, because they intend to sway the public or the government without disclosing their financial connection to corporate or political interests. They create a fake grass-roots movement by giving the appearance of a trusted organization that serves the public, when they actually serve their sponsors. 1022:

The International Association of Business Communication (founded in 1971), or also known as IABC, has its own set of ethics in order to enforce a set of guidelines that ensure communication internationality is legal, ethical, and is in good taste. Some principles that members of the board of IABC

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theory identifies people who have a stake in a given institution or issue. All audiences are stakeholders (or presumptive stakeholders), but not all stakeholders are members of a target audience. For example, if a charity commissions a public relations agency to create an advertising campaign to

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Allan Thompson, p 509, 2019, McGill-Queen's Press. "So-called 'black' public relations (PR) firms have also played an important role as hired proxies for state-sponsored trolling attacks, notably Bahrain. These firms offer 'reputation laundering' services, which take many forms, including..."

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Public relations professionals present the face of an organization or individual, usually to articulate its objectives and official views on issues of relevance, primarily to the media. Public relations contributes to the way an organization is perceived by influencing the media and maintaining

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Quentin Langley argues the use of the word "publics" in the plural is "central to the understanding" of public relations, writing "all organisations have a series of publics, or stakeholders, on whom their success depends". He follows Roger Hayward (1991) in dividing the publics into "customers

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and event management. Success in the field of public relations requires a deep understanding of the interests and concerns of each of the company's many stakeholders. The public relations professional must know how to effectively address those concerns using the most powerful tool of the public

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services. In these situations, a client will hire a PR firm to conceal unethical, corrupt, or criminal behavior. The PR firm will supply services that improve the client's reputation and obscure the client's history, such as: arranging publication of positive press, coordinating donations to

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As digital technology has evolved, the methods for measuring the effectiveness of online public relations have improved. The Public Relations Society of America, which has been developing PR strategies since 1947, has identified five steps for measuring online public relations effectiveness.

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government published reports stating that Russian oligarchs had been "extending patronage and building influence across a wide sphere of the British establishment" and had employed public relations firms that were "willing beneficiaries, contributing to a ‘reputation laundering' process".

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An example of good public relations would be generating an article featuring a PR firm's client, rather than paying for the client to be advertised next to the article. The aim of public relations is to inform the public, prospective customers, investors, partners, employees, and other

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Kathy Fitzpatrick and Carolyn Bronstein, " Introduction: Towards a Definitional Framework for Responsible Advocacy," in Ethics in Public Relations, Responsible Advocacy, ed. Kathy Fitzpatrick and Carolyn Bronstein (USA: Sage Publications, Inc. 2006),

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According to Scott Cutlip, the social justification for public relations is the right for an organization to have a fair hearing of their point of view in the public forum, but to obtain such a hearing for their ideas requires a skilled advocate.

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users will share with their social network to help a company increase brand exposure and broaden customer reach. Some of the major social media platforms currently include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, YouTube, and Snapchat.

250:, and nonprofit organizations. Jobs central to public relations include internal positions such as public relations coordinator, public relations specialist, and public relations manager, and outside agency positions such as account coordinator, 1129:

for drawing attention away from items considered distasteful, and ambiguity in public statements. Another spin technique involves careful choice of timing in the release of certain news so it can take advantage of prominent events in the news.

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relationships with stakeholders. According to Jacquie L'Etang from Queen Margaret University, public relations professionals can be viewed as "discourse workers specializing in communication and the presentation of argument and employing

677:: Groups that are typically unfamiliar with the organization and the individual has not had a relationship with but may become traditional publics due to changes in the organization, in society or if a group changing event occurs. 757:(1978) suggested that publics develop in stages determined by their levels of problem recognition, constraint recognition and involvement in addressing the issue. The theory posited that publics develop in the following stages: 2809:

Hoggan, J., Littlemore, R., & Canadian Electronic Library. (2009). Climate cover-up : The crusade to deny global warming / James Hoggan and Richard Littlemore. (DesLibris. Books collection). Vancouver : Greystone

625:, press kits, and outbound communication to members of the press. Video and audio news releases (VNRs and ANRs) are often produced and distributed to TV outlets in hopes they will be used as regular program content. 520:. Trade associations, PR news-magazines, international PR agencies, and academic principles for the profession were established. In the early 2000s, press-release services began offering social-media press releases. 1651:

a management function, which tabulates public attitudes, defines the policies, procedures and interests of an organization... followed by executing a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance.

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The Public Relations Society of America has established a set of fundamental guidelines that people within the public relations professions should practice and use in their business atmosphere. These values are:

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The field of public relations is generally highly un-regulated, but many professionals voluntarily adhere to the code of conduct of one or more professional bodies to avoid exposure for ethical violations. The

594:'Black Hat PR' – manipulating public profiles under the guise of neutral commentators or voices or engaging to actively damage or undermine the reputations of the rival or targeted individuals or organizations. 1079:

Media is a major resource in the public relations career especially in news networks. That is why as a public relations specialist, having proper information is very important, and crucial to the society as a

749:: Those outsides of the country and when communicating with these publics individuals must be wary of that areas culture, beliefs, values, ethic, and other valuable cultural difference as to not offend anyone. 709:

If a public can directly affect an organization's pursuit of its values-driven goals. This publics would include media, employees, government, shareholder, financial institutions, and the immediate community.

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Grunig, James E. and Hunt, Todd. Managing Public Relations. (Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984), 6e. Public relations is what you do with what you know and what others think about what you say.

3019: 850:. Interactive PR allows companies and organizations to disseminate information without relying solely on mainstream publications and to communicate directly with the public, customers and prospects. 2800:

W. Timothy Coombs and Sherry J. Holladay, "Does Society Need Public Relations? Criticisms of Public Relations" in It's Not Just PR: Public Relations in Society, (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007), 10.

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Wattenberg, Martin P. (22 August 1996). Negative Campaign Advertising: Demobilizer or Mobilizer. eScholarship Repository. UC Irvine, Department of Politics and Society. Retrieved on 29 January 2005

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Public relations has historical roots pre-dating the 20th century. Most textbooks regard the establishment of the "Publicity Bureau" in Boston in 1900 as marking the founding of a public relations

685:: A group whose values have come into contact with the values of the organization but whose members have not yet realized it; the members of that public are not yet aware of the relationship. 969:: Serving the public interest by acting as responsible advocates for the clientele. This can occur by displaying the marketplace of ideas, facts and viewpoints to aid informed public debate. 2721: 194:

differ in that PR is controlled internally, whereas publicity is not controlled and contributed by external parties. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining

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Andrews, Mark. "Climate Change and Public Relations." StarTribune.com: News, Weather, Sports from Minneapolis, St. Paul and Minnesota. Livefyre, 11 August 2014. Web. 25 November 2014.

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Negative public relations, also called dark public relations (DPR), 'black hat PR' and in some earlier writing "Black PR", is a process of destroying the target's reputation and/or

693:: A group of members who are aware of the existence of a commonality of values or interests with the organization but have not organized or attempted to respond to that commonality. 2134: 914:

is the management of the communication process during the course of any legal dispute or adjudicatory processing so as to affect the outcome or its effect on the client's overall

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The Cluetrain Manifesto predicted exactly what would happen. In 1999 it foretold that markets are conversations and that the internet enables the world's biggest conversation.

1164:. Common techniques include using dirty secrets from the target, producing misleading facts to fool a competitor. In politics, a decision to use negative PR is also known as 1009:: Honorably conduct business with any and all clients, employers, competitors, peers, vendors, media and general public. Respecting all opinions and right of free expression. 6386: 382:

In 2011 and 2012, the PRSA solicited crowd-supplied definitions for the term and allowed the public to vote on one of three finalists. The winning definition stated that:

6396: 6391: 2635: 3084:"Waking up to Reputation Laundering as a Mechanism for Transnational Kleptocracy" Melissa Aten, John Glenn (editors) March 2022, National Endowment for Democracy, 2474: 362:, predicting their consequences, counselling organizational leaders and implementing planned programs of action, which will serve both the organization and the 254:, account supervisor, and media relations manager. In the UK, the equivalent job titles are Account Executive, Account Manager, Account Director and Director. 2980: 2784: 1019:

forms from different countries. For example, some countries have certain associations to create ethics and standards to communication across their country.

582:– a public relations function that involves building and maintaining close relationships with the news media so that they can sell and promote a business. 669:: Groups with which the individual has an ongoing and long-term relationship. These may include Employees, Media, Governments, Investors, and Customers 3177: 2074:

granted Mayakovsky extraordinary liberties, and no doubt the Bolsheviks saw the advantages of sending their premiere poet on a public relations jaunt.

5885: 931:(PRSA) responded to the controversy by acknowledging in its new code of ethics "advocacy" – for the first time – as a core value of the discipline. 1976: 1728: 3086:

https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Global-Insights-Waking-up-to-Reputation-Laundering-as-a-Mechanism-for-Transnational-Kleptocracy.pdf

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Ensuring private information is protected (not used for personal gain) and if publicized, guarantee proper legal measures will be put in place.

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Politicians also employ public relations professionals to help project their views, policies and even personalities to their best advantages.

939:, the Public Relations Society of America, and The Institute of Public Relations are a few organizations that publish an ethical code. Still, 386:"Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics." 6429: 2094:, Histoire et littérature du Septentrion (IRHiS), Lille: Publications de l'Institut de recherches historiques du Septentrion, pp. 7–23, 2029:

World War I, the first total war involving not just the military but populations as a whole, should be considered propaganda's launching pad.

1148:. The objective in DPR is to discredit someone else, who may pose a threat to the client's business or be a political rival. DPR may rely on 4526: 2428:

Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I., & Kelly, K. (2009). New media: A critical introduction. (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

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In-house public relations – a public relations professional hired to manage press and publicity campaigns for the company that hired them.

6376: 2126: 588:– public relations professionals leverage social media marketing to distribute messages about their clients to desired target markets 854:

et al. said that "Digital media can be seen as a continuation and extension of a principal or technique that was already in place".

524:, which predicted the effect of social media in 1999, was controversial in its time, but by 2006 the effect of social media and new 509:

Many American companies with PR departments spread the practice to Europe when they set up European subsidiaries in the wake of the

4821: 717:: Have high interest in the company such as the primary publics but will not be directly affected by decisions of the organization. 1279:

Are the statements or actions that are being communicated responsible to various societal groups, public interest, and the public?

494:(1891–1995), who handled the publicity of theatrical associations in 1913, then spread internationally. Meanwhile, in the nascent 6354: 3921: 936: 391: 2861:

Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate? Stephen Ansolabehere, Shanto Iyengar, Adam Simon, Nicholas Valentino, 1994,

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or advertising also known as paid media. But in the early 21st century, advertising is also a part of broader PR activities.

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to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. The exposure is mostly

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Kermani, Faiz and Alan Needham. Marketing and Public Relations. Marlow: Institute of Clinical Research, 2006. N. pag. Print.

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The IABC members use the following list of ethics in order to work to improve values of communication throughout the world:

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Executive Visibility – a strategy used to grow an executive's presence and exposure in order to impact a company's success.

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and services and public utilities and industrial associations and large trade groups for which it secures popular support.

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Corporate Communication Map: Outline of an interactive Overview of the fundamental Models and Theories of Public Relations

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Phillips, David (2006), "Towards relationship management: Public relations at the core of organizational development",

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The T.A.R.E.S. is a five-point test that evaluates ethical persuasion and provides boundaries in persuasive practices.

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Tobin, Natasha (2005). "Can the professionalisation of the UK public relations industry make it more trustworthy?".

6150: 5967: 5871: 5477: 4519: 4417: 3447: 3362: 1377: 701:: Any public that helps an individual send a message to another public, could be the media or someone with stature. 17: 5812: 5470: 5258: 3402: 2781: 3165: 2943:

Focus on the CNN Effect Misses the Point: The Real Media Impact on Conflict Management is Invisible and Indirect

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Smith, Ronald D. Strategic Planning for Public Relations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. Print.

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to have the same problem statement, industry viewpoint, or brand perception shared across sources and media.

247: 6481: 6381: 6192: 6031: 5687: 3634: 3584: 3524: 2945:, Journal of Peace Research, vol.37, no.2. Institute of Political Science, University of Copenhagen (2000). 977:: Standing by the truth and accuracy of all facts in the case and advancing those statements to the public. 1065:

Publishers of said communication do not accept gifts, benefits, payments etc.; for work, or their services

490:(1877–1934) in 1903 when he started working as the image maker for and corporate advisor for Rockefeller. 474:, which later evolved into public relations, to rally domestic support and to demonize enemies during the 6332: 5992: 5972: 5281: 4512: 4493: 3914: 3614: 3599: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3247: 2765: 1814: 911: 424: 3539: 3161:"Economic crime in the UK: a multi-billion pound problem" Oliver Bennett MBE, Ali Shalchi 6 April 2022, 2386:

Grunig, James E. (March 1978). "Defining Publics in Public Relations: The Case of a Suburban Hospital".

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Am I presenting statements in self-interest, or do I genuinely care about the issue, person, or product?

6327: 3387: 2088:"The 'americanisation' of European companies, consumers and cultures: contents, processes and outcomes" 1300:

argued that the manipulation of public opinion was a necessary part of democracy. In public relations,

1001:: Stay devoted to the client while remembering that there is a duty to still serve the public interest. 434: 243: 2439: 6534: 6441: 5757: 5702: 5238: 4599: 4164: 3720: 3589: 3554: 3216: 1479: 1438: 1273:

Will there be any negative consequences against a group in society based on my statements or actions?

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The techniques of spin include selectively presenting facts and quotes that support ideal positions (

893:: Measure how far the PR campaign managed to penetrate overall and in terms of a particular audience. 438: 42: 1954: 1918: 1542: 6544: 6513: 6491: 6371: 6294: 5533: 4777: 4772: 3482: 3412: 3367: 1161: 1118: 517: 207: 123: 3137: 1254:

Are the statements I present sensitive to various interests, needs, or concerns of the persuadees?

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Have I fairly presented issues that concern groups who may have been underrepresented in society?

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Public relations specialists establish and maintain relationships with an organization's target

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Franklin, Bob; Hogan, Mike; Langley, Quentin; Mosdell, Nick; Pill, Elliott (18 January 2023).

993:: Provide unbiased work to those that are represented while being accountable for all actions. 6419: 6299: 6187: 6177: 6160: 6116: 6014: 5934: 5894: 5797: 5762: 5712: 5692: 5549: 5422: 5374: 5354: 5273: 5263: 5047: 4931: 4384: 3649: 3579: 3452: 3351: 3286: 1941: 1905: 1880: 1448: 1433: 1408: 1341: 1335: 881:: Measure any content (blog posts, articles, etc.) that originally appeared as digital media. 555: 119: 869:: Measure the number of people who engaged with an item (social shares, likes and comments). 6436: 6339: 6242: 6182: 6091: 6086: 5982: 5924: 5909: 5727: 5637: 5389: 5180: 5130: 4866: 4861: 4831: 4694: 4333: 3860: 3659: 3609: 3574: 3564: 3559: 3227: 2829: 1680:

Edward Bernays, "The New Propagandists", in Propaganda, (New York: H. Liveright, 1928), 38.

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Create communication that is accurate, trusting, to ensure mutual respect and understanding

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Have I target persuadees who are not capable of understanding the claims and the context?

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In August 1978, the World Assembly of Public Relations Associations defined the field as

226:, and persuade them to maintain a positive or favorable view about the organization, its 210:. Public relations aims to create or obtain coverage for clients for free, also known as 35: 4280: 2906: 2188:

Public Relations in Britain: A History of Professional Practice in the Twentieth Century

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Edward Bernays, "Organizing Chaos," in Propaganda, (New York: H. Liverlight, 1928), 11.

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Edward Bernays, "Organizing Chaos," in Propaganda, (New York: H. Liverlight, 1928), 10.

2411: 2309: 1428: 1423: 1145: 326: 262: 3745: 378:"Public relations helps an organization and its publics adapt mutually to each other." 6344: 6304: 6257: 6081: 6063: 5951: 5837: 5752: 5682: 5577: 5369: 5306: 5082: 5052: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4909: 4889: 4747: 4732: 4684: 4629: 4427: 4245: 4220: 4133: 4040: 4020: 3984: 3964: 3949: 3675: 3272: 3251: 3015: 3003: 2960: 2876: 2615: 2553: 2503: 2415: 2403: 2369: 2359: 2313: 2259: 2192: 2095: 2051: 2006: 1824: 1777: 1640: 1582: 1569: 1292: 1122: 825: 302: 286: 251: 183: 174:) is the practice of managing and disseminating information from an individual or an 68: 2289: 2127:"'The internet is a conversation': Lessons from the Cluetrain Manifesto 17 years on" 1348:

Notable PR firms that have engaged in reputation laundering include British PR firm

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Do I truly believe that what is being presented will benefit those who are reading?

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Franklin, Bob; Hogan, Mike; Langley, Quentin; Mosdell, Nick; Pill, Elliot (2009).

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Financial public relations – communicating financial results and business strategy

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All About Public Relations: how to build business success on good communications

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Creating results and spreading results that are attainable and they can deliver.

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The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and others used the concept of

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Social media and public relations: Eight new practices for the pr professional

2665: 2584: 2549: 2233: 1508: 265:. Common responsibilities include designing communications campaigns, writing 6528: 6414: 6361: 6289: 6135: 5946: 5677: 5672: 5487: 5444: 5253: 5233: 5072: 4816: 4664: 4569: 4379: 4358: 3954: 3930: 3820: 3815: 3755: 3715: 3695: 3624: 3569: 3457: 3397: 3166:

https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9013/CBP-9013.pdf

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Americanisation in 20th Century Europe: business, culture, politics. Volume 2

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When a lobby group hides its true purpose and support base, it is known as a

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Does this influence people to believe something that I do not believe myself?

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Having sensitivity towards other people's thoughts, beliefs, and way of life

1030:

Being understanding and open to other people's cultures, values, and beliefs

887:: Measure how many online items mention the brand, organization, or product. 6508: 6496: 6197: 5977: 5847: 5817: 5777: 5662: 5492: 5412: 5407: 5291: 5135: 5077: 5057: 4564: 4488: 4478: 4260: 4169: 4159: 4025: 3999: 3830: 3770: 3760: 3705: 3407: 3392: 3264: 3239: 2607: 2041: 1320: 1301: 622: 606: 516:

In the second half of the 20th century, public relations entered an era of

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Have I unfairly stereotyped groups of society in my statements or actions?

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represents the main ethical predicament of public relations. In 2000, the

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Kipping, Matthias; Tiratsoo, Nick (2 May 2018), Kipping, Mathias (ed.),

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public relations – gaining publicity for a particular product or service

455:. Evidence shows that it continued to evolve during the settling of the 6486: 6476: 6234: 6019: 6004: 5997: 5898: 5717: 5622: 5566: 5465: 5364: 5321: 5286: 5205: 5145: 5039: 4976: 4795: 4679: 4669: 4594: 4579: 4574: 4549: 4432: 4265: 4116: 3989: 3969: 3487: 3442: 3437: 2981:"Ethical Decision Making and Reputation Management in Public Relations" 2050:. Dedalus Concept Books. Sawtry, Cambridgeshire: Dedalus. p. 124. 1403: 1270:

Will my statements or actions cause harms to various groups of society?

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Is this presented to persuadees who are rational, self-thinking beings?

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or group they are interested in. The Publics in Public Relations are:

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What ethical responsibility do I hold by presenting this information?

1126: 839: 456: 442: 274: 231: 215: 195: 191: 3046:, p. 166, Phil Williams, Ernesto Ugo Savona, Psychology Press, 1996. 2791:. Blog.prnewswire.com (17 February 2012). Retrieved on 16 July 2013. 1933: 1897: 633:

A fundamental technique used in public relations is to identify the

343:

would be "disputed by both practitioners and critics in the field."

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Spin Doctor a Derogatory Term That Needs to Go, Dilenschneider Says

2358:, Marsh, Charles, 1955- (5th ed.), Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1365: 843: 831: 551: 258: 239: 179: 2161:"The Cluetrain Manifesto – Levine, Locke, Searls & Weinberger" 1372:

were hired by Saudi Arabia to perform reputation laundering after

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Manning, Martin J.; Manning, Martin; Romerstein, Herbert (2004).

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Public relations can also be defined as the practice of managing

322: 290: 3899: 1748:"Public Relations Defined, After an Energetic Public Discussion" 1689:

Jensen Zhao. Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd. Ed. Retrieved from

1308:, typically in a way that benefits the sponsoring organization. 1304:

are created to influence government policy, corporate policy or

1013: 5832: 5359: 3507: 3502: 1369: 1044:

Keeping up with information to ensure accuracy of communication

503: 278: 2762: 1496:(10th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall 1216:

Do I support or advocate in the statement, person, or product?

5822: 5399: 4999: 3057:"PR firms make London world capital of reputation laundering" 2845:(25 November 1999). "Three Cheers for Negative Campaigning". 1361: 41:"Public information" redirects here. Not to be confused with 1509:"#10 Important Trends in PR that You Can't Afford to Ignore" 1188:

Is this communicating something factually true and accurate?

576:– engaging government departments to influence public policy 4881: 3269:

Public Relations History: from the 17th to the 20th Century

2245: 1818: 1373: 875:: Measure the number of people who may have viewed an item. 618: 3138:"British accountants and PR firms told to cut Russia ties" 2521: 2519: 2496:

Holtzhausen, Derina; Zerfass, Ansgar (20 November 2014).

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Face an issue but are unorganized to mobilize against it.

359: 3292: 2877:"The TARES Test: Five Principles for Ethical Persuasion" 1998: 1059:

Giving proper credit to resources used for communication

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Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond

2782:

Dear Gracie: Is 'Flack' a Four-Letter Word? | Beyond PR

2165:

Greatest Hits Blog – the best business books summerised

1210:

Will people question my honesty or integrity from this?

467:

for his establishment of "Editorial Services" in 1924.

459:

and during the movement to abolish slavery in England.

2666:"Code of Ethics - Public Relations Society of America" 2516: 1071:

Being fully truthful to other people, and themselves.

463:

is considered the founder of public relations in the

3215:, The Institute for Public Relations, archived from 3044:

The United Nations and Transnational Organized Crime

1125:", phrasing that in a way presumes unproven truths, 2047:

The Dedalus Book of Literary Suicides: Dead Letters

1703:"What Is Public Relations | Learn About PR | PRSSA" 1047:

Understanding free speech and respecting this right

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Management of public communication of organizations

2828:Bike, William S. (28 March 2004). Campaign Guide: 2536:Marshall, Tim (2002). "Ethics – Who needs them?". 2495: 2294:Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik 1632: 3310:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2499:The Routledge Handbook of Strategic Communication 1539:"Career Overview: Public Relations – Wetfeet.com" 954: 803:Face an issue and are organized to respond to it. 654: 337:noted that the definition of public relations in 281:for company leaders, acting as an organization's 6526: 2356:Public relations : a values-driven approach 2178: 2085: 1858:"The history of Public Relations | Adoni Media" 544:Specific public relations disciplines include: 528:became broadly accepted by the general public. 2957:On the Record: Politics, Politicians and Power 2874: 2005:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. xxviii. 646:raise money to find a cure for a disease, the 433:. Academics have found early forms of public 5879: 5534: 4520: 3915: 3336: 3244:The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History 2612:The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History 1745: 1285: 1014:International Public Relations Code of Ethics 451:, for example, explains core foundations for 269:and other content for news, working with the 261:, the media, relevant trade media, and other 100:The examples and perspective in this article 3226: 2529: 2002:Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda 1627: 785:Face an issue but do not care to address it. 6377:Political polarization in the United States 5893: 3284: 2875:Baker, Sherry; Martinson, David L. (2001). 2711: 2709: 2184: 1729:"PRSA's Old Definition of Public Relations" 1635:PR 2.0: New Media, New Tools, New Audiences 5886: 5872: 5541: 5527: 4527: 4513: 3922: 3908: 3343: 3329: 1809: 1807: 1587:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1473: 1248:Is this appeal fair and nondiscriminatory? 163:are one approach used in public relations. 6430:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal 5548: 3350: 3049: 2772:. Don Hale PR. Retrieved on 16 July 2013. 1885:. School of Communication and Reputation. 1360:, and the Pinochet Foundation. PR firms 1194:Am I creating a false narrative or image? 819: 570:– communicating within the company itself 498:of the 1920s, artists and poets (such as 406:between an organization and its publics. 289:, media interviews and speeches, writing 142:Learn how and when to remove this message 2706: 2535: 2223: 1934:"The History of Public Relations in U.K" 1898:"The History of Public Relations in U.K" 1661: 1659: 1329: 1191:Does this downplay or diminish evidence? 1074: 541:strategies to achieve managerial aims." 202:-based, and this differentiates it from 155: 2841: 2564: 2287: 2040: 1936:(Academia.edu): 1 – via Academia. 1804: 1782:Chartered Institute of Public Relations 1665: 937:Chartered Institute of Public Relations 392:Chartered Institute of Public Relations 14: 6527: 4534: 3263: 3238: 3135: 3129: 3080: 3078: 2978: 2693: 2691: 2606: 2385: 2353: 2205:from the original on 21 September 2013 2108:from the original on 23 September 2021 1969:"Basil Clarke: past and present of PR" 1491: 1053:Not taking part in unethical behaviors 776:Face an issue but do not recognize it. 394:focuses its definition on reputation: 6472:Psychological effects of Internet use 5867: 5522: 4508: 3903: 3324: 3317:(2nd ed.). 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(2012), 3209:A History of Public Relations 3136:Thomas, Daniel (4 May 2022). 3000:10.1080/23736992.2017.1401931 1882:Evolution of public relations 1879:Alim, Shifta (29 July 2020). 1670:. Bellman Publishing Company. 1478:(6th ed.), Orlando, FL: 1460: 1319:. Front groups are a form of 1226:(for the persuadee) examples 1171: 753:Early literature authored by 248:nongovernmental organizations 6482:Social aspects of television 6382:Social media use in politics 6032:Missing white woman syndrome 5813:Rally 'round the flag effect 5688:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 5259:Rally 'round the flag effect 3525:Text and conversation theory 2306:10.5771/1439-880X-2004-3-228 1207:(of the persuader) examples 1105:PR! A Social History of Spin 810: 409: 7: 5993:Least objectionable program 3315:Public Relations Management 3248:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1604:"What Is Public Relations?" 1391: 1133: 912:Litigation public relations 425:History of public relations 244:public information officers 118:, discuss the issue on the 61:It has been suggested that 10: 6561: 6328:Algorithmic radicalization 2941:See Peter Viggo Jakobsen, 2400:10.1177/107769907805500115 2288:Freeman, R Edward (2004), 1492:Seitel, Fraser P. (2007), 1333: 1286:Politics and civil society 1185:(of the message) examples 1137: 1088: 823: 741:: Those within the country 609:, speaking opportunities, 531: 441:in ancient civilizations. 422: 418: 297:content, managing company 104:the English-speaking world 40: 29: 6442:Cultural impact of TikTok 6407: 6313: 6228: 6072: 5960: 5905: 5556: 5453: 5398: 5330: 5272: 5204: 5121: 5038: 4990: 4880: 4791: 4718: 4608: 4600:Manipulation (psychology) 4542: 4461: 4405: 4367: 4289: 4238: 4203: 4147: 4104: 4097: 4061: 4013: 3937: 3879: 3668: 3547: 3536: 3376: 3358: 3313:Stoykov, Lubomir (2016). 2585:10.1108/13632540510621498 2550:10.1108/13632540310807313 2234:10.1108/13632540610664751 2159:admin (4 November 2010). 1480:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1476:Managing Public Relations 1439:Public relations in India 1056:Obeying policies and laws 1041:Being credible and honest 921: 439:communications management 214:, rather than paying for 78:Proposed since July 2024. 43:Public sector information 6514:Violence and video games 6492:Social impact of YouTube 6372:Knowledge gap hypothesis 6295:Social-desirability bias 6193:Information–action ratio 4778:Criticism of advertising 4494:Society of the Spectacle 3483:Nonviolent communication 3413:History of communication 3163:House of Commons Library 2724:22 December 2016 at the 2191:. Taylor & Francis. 1455: 1162:competitive intelligence 564:– responding in a crisis 518:professional development 285:, preparing clients for 208:marketing communications 6467:Mass shooting contagion 5920:Evolutionary psychology 5618:Cartographic propaganda 5440:Promotional merchandise 5151:Character assassination 5088:Narcotizing dysfunction 4962:Photograph manipulation 4675:Guerrilla communication 4375:Influence of mass media 4180:Narcotizing dysfunction 3478:Nonverbal communication 3468:Models of communication 2988:Journal of Media Ethics 2787:28 October 2012 at the 2715:Safire, William (1996) 1564:Rubel, Gina F. (2007), 1091:Spin (public relations) 1084: 951:employers and clients. 674:Non-Traditional Publics 568:Internal communications 522:The Cluetrain Manifesto 307:internal communications 106:and do not represent a 6457:Fascination with death 6320:Political polarization 6248:Availability heuristic 6213:Television consumption 5803:Propaganda of the deed 5773:New generation warfare 5723:Historical negationism 5561:Accusation in a mirror 5423:Product demonstrations 4852:Historical negationism 4036:Freedom of information 3234:, New jersey: FT Press 2955:Oakes, Laurie (2010), 1949:Cite journal requires 1913:Cite journal requires 1847:. London: McGraw Hill. 1666:Goldman, Eric (1948). 1340:Some PR firms perform 1081: 848:social media marketing 820:Social media marketing 400: 388: 380: 368: 188:nonprofit organization 164: 6420:Criticism of Facebook 6300:Social influence bias 6188:Information pollution 6178:Information explosion 6161:Texting while driving 6117:Low information voter 6015:Pink-slime journalism 5798:Psychological warfare 5763:Monumental propaganda 5713:Glittering generality 5693:Firehose of falsehood 5550:Propaganda techniques 5355:Reputation management 5274:Psychological warfare 5123:Political campaigning 4932:Firehose of falsehood 4423:Exploitation of women 3630:Mediated cross-border 3352:Communication studies 3306:Kelleher, T. (2018). 3228:Breakenridge, Deirdre 2354:David., Guth (2012), 1629:Breakenridge, Deirdre 1449:Reputation management 1434:Promotion (marketing) 1409:Impression management 1342:reputation laundering 1336:Reputation laundering 1330:Reputation laundering 1261:Social Responsibility 1078: 746:International Publics 526:Internet technologies 396: 384: 376: 352: 159: 6540:Communication design 6437:Criticism of Netflix 6243:Availability cascade 6183:Information overload 6092:Attention management 6087:Attention inequality 5983:Human-interest story 5925:Behavioral modernity 5910:Cognitive psychology 5638:Demonizing the enemy 5390:Corporate propaganda 3565:Communication theory 3560:Communication design 2830:Negative Campaigning 2388:Journalism Quarterly 1843:Hayward, R, (1991), 1545:on 29 September 2015 1354:Alexander Lukashenko 1166:negative campaigning 1154:industrial espionage 1140:Negative campaigning 602:in media relations. 574:Government relations 562:Crisis communication 340:Webster's Dictionary 331:Edward Louis Bernays 124:create a new article 116:improve this article 102:deal primarily with 71:into this article. ( 30:For other uses, see 6350:Post-truth politics 6280:Mean world syndrome 5828:Shooting and crying 5658:Emotive conjugation 5633:Cult of personality 5583:Atrocity propaganda 5478:Media concentration 5350:Non-apology apology 5340:Cult of personality 5068:Emotive conjugation 4822:Burying of scholars 4469:Advanced capitalism 4155:Cult of personality 4069:Advanced capitalism 2768:18 May 2013 at the 1823:. Sage Publishing. 1602:Roos, Dave (n.d.). 698:Intervening Publics 666:Traditional Publics 641:On the other hand, 36:PR (disambiguation) 6168:Influence-for-hire 6146:Media multitasking 6141:Human multitasking 6059:Tabloid television 6010:Media manipulation 5788:Oversimplification 5768:Moralistic fallacy 5461:Influence-for-hire 5254:National mythology 5224:Crowd manipulation 5113:Tabloid journalism 4982:Video manipulation 4927:Fictitious entries 4650:Civil disobedience 4536:Media manipulation 4390:Semiotic democracy 4314:Civil disobedience 4226:Media manipulation 4216:Crowd manipulation 4139:Tabloid journalism 4053:Media transparency 4031:Media independence 3945:24-hour news cycle 3595:Discourse analysis 3520:Telecommunications 3463:Meta-communication 3117:. 5 September 2017 1752:The New York Times 1429:Media manipulation 1424:Media intelligence 1158:social engineering 1146:corporate identity 1121:), the so-called " 1082: 918:(Haggerty, 2003). 629:Audience targeting 165: 6522: 6521: 6345:Fake news website 6305:Spiral of silence 6258:Confirmation bias 6082:Attention economy 6064:Yellow journalism 5952:Social psychology 5861: 5860: 5753:Managing the news 5578:Appeal to emotion 5516: 5515: 5282:Airborne leaflets 5161:Election promises 5015:Product placement 4890:Alternative facts 4630:Alternative media 4502: 4501: 4428:Freedom of speech 4246:Theodor W. Adorno 4234: 4233: 4221:Managing the news 4041:Freedom of speech 4021:Media development 3985:News broadcasting 3965:Independent media 3950:Alternative media 3897: 3896: 3295:on 8 October 2013 2966:978-0-7336-2700-2 2621:978-0-8058-1464-4 2509:978-1-136-20712-9 2438:Rouse, Margaret. 2365:978-0-205-81180-9 2265:978-1-4129-2318-7 2248:"Target audience" 2198:978-1-4106-1081-2 2101:978-2-490296-08-8 2057:978-1-903517-66-6 2012:978-0-313-29605-5 1860:. 31 October 2018 1631:(26 March 2008). 1575:978-0-9801719-0-7 1123:non-denial denial 826:Digital marketing 781:Apathetic Publics 714:Secondary Publics 303:crisis management 287:press conferences 252:account executive 184:government agency 161:Media conferences 152: 151: 144: 126:, as appropriate. 85: 84: 80: 16:(Redirected from 6552: 6535:Public relations 6367:Knowledge divide 6263:Crowd psychology 6253:Bandwagon effect 6025:Public relations 5942:Media psychology 5888: 5881: 5874: 5865: 5864: 5853:White propaganda 5808:Public relations 5783:Overcomplication 5668:False accusation 5603:Black propaganda 5593:Beautiful people 5588:Bandwagon effect 5543: 5536: 5529: 5520: 5519: 5508:Media proprietor 5332:Public relations 5312:Public diplomacy 5297:Information (IT) 5176:Name recognition 4801:Media regulation 4783:Annoyance factor 4640:Call-out culture 4555:Crowd psychology 4529: 4522: 4515: 4506: 4505: 4474:Culture industry 4443:Social influence 4396:The Lonely Crowd 4339:Political satire 4304:Call-out culture 4281:Jacques Rancière 4276:Marshall McLuhan 4251:Jean Baudrillard 4195:Viral phenomenon 4129:Public relations 4102: 4101: 3975:Mainstream media 3960:Electronic media 3924: 3917: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3887: 3886: 3542: 3493:Public relations 3388:Biocommunication 3345: 3338: 3331: 3322: 3321: 3308:Public Relations 3303: 3302: 3300: 3291:, archived from 3281: 3260: 3235: 3223: 3221: 3214: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3174: 3168: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3107: 3101: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3024: 2985: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2952: 2946: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2907:"Edward Bernays 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2872: 2866: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2843:Saletan, William 2839: 2833: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2779: 2773: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2734: 2728: 2718:The Spinner Spun 2713: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2533: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2513: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2351: 2326: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2285: 2279: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2254:. SAGE. p. 2243: 2237: 2236: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2024: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1975:. 15 July 2013. 1965: 1959: 1958: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1937: 1932:Dare, Olubanwo. 1929: 1923: 1922: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1901: 1896:Olubanwo, Dare. 1893: 1887: 1886: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1854: 1848: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1815:Public Relations 1811: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1735:on 4 March 2012. 1731:. Archived from 1727:Trivitt, Keith. 1724: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1699: 1693: 1691:findarticles.com 1687: 1681: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1663: 1654: 1653: 1638: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1586: 1578: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1541:. Archived from 1535: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1471: 1399:Brand management 1023:follow include. 907:Other techniques 738:Domestic Publics 730:External Publics 722:Internal Publics 706:Primary Publics: 607:publicity events 240:public officials 168:Public relations 147: 140: 136: 133: 127: 95: 94: 87: 76: 56: 55: 48: 21: 18:Public Relations 6560: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6545:Business ethics 6525: 6524: 6523: 6518: 6403: 6318: 6309: 6285:Negativity bias 6233: 6224: 6112:Cognitive miser 6068: 5961:Media practices 5956: 5901: 5892: 5862: 5857: 5743:Loaded language 5552: 5547: 5517: 5512: 5503:Media influence 5498:Media franchise 5483:Media democracy 5449: 5394: 5326: 5268: 5249:Loaded language 5200: 5117: 5034: 4986: 4876: 4805: 4787: 4714: 4655:Culture jamming 4604: 4538: 4533: 4503: 4498: 4484:Media franchise 4457: 4401: 4363: 4319:Culture jamming 4285: 4271:Walter Lippmann 4230: 4199: 4143: 4093: 4057: 4048:Media pluralism 4009: 3933: 3928: 3898: 3893: 3875: 3664: 3543: 3534: 3381: 3379: 3372: 3354: 3349: 3298: 3296: 3279: 3258: 3219: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3201:Further reading 3198: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3160: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3142:Financial Times 3134: 3130: 3120: 3118: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3095: 3091: 3083: 3076: 3066: 3064: 3063:. 3 August 2010 3055: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3022: 2983: 2977: 2973: 2967: 2953: 2949: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2873: 2869: 2860: 2856: 2840: 2836: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2795: 2789:Wayback Machine 2780: 2776: 2770:Wayback Machine 2761: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2726:Wayback Machine 2714: 2707: 2696: 2689: 2679: 2677: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2649: 2647: 2632: 2628: 2622: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2569: 2565: 2534: 2530: 2524: 2517: 2510: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2384: 2380: 2366: 2352: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2273: 2266: 2244: 2240: 2222: 2218: 2208: 2206: 2199: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2167: 2157: 2153: 2140: 2138: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2111: 2109: 2102: 2084: 2080: 2067: 2065: 2058: 2039: 2035: 2022: 2020: 2013: 1996: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1950: 1948: 1939: 1938: 1930: 1926: 1914: 1912: 1903: 1902: 1894: 1890: 1877: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1842: 1838: 1831: 1812: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1786: 1784: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1761: 1759: 1744: 1740: 1725: 1721: 1711: 1709: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1664: 1657: 1647: 1626: 1622: 1612: 1610: 1608:How Stuff Works 1600: 1596: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1562: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1522: 1520: 1505: 1501: 1490: 1486: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1394: 1338: 1332: 1288: 1174: 1142: 1136: 1093: 1087: 1016: 957: 924: 909: 900: 828: 822: 813: 808: 657: 635:target audience 631: 580:Media relations 534: 427: 421: 412: 364:public interest 320: 311:brand awareness 263:opinion leaders 148: 137: 131: 128: 113: 96: 92: 81: 64:Media relations 57: 53: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6558: 6548: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6417: 6411: 6409: 6408:Related topics 6405: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6335: 6324: 6322: 6315:Digital divide 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6239: 6237: 6230:Cognitive bias 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6220:Sticky content 6217: 6216: 6215: 6210: 6208:Binge-watching 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6164: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6138: 6133: 6132: 6131: 6124:Digital zombie 6121: 6120: 6119: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6097:Attention span 6094: 6089: 6084: 6078: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6042:Sensationalism 6039: 6034: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6007: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5988:Junk food news 5985: 5975: 5970: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5917: 5912: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5891: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5868: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5733:Indoctrination 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5643:Disinformation 5640: 5635: 5630: 5628:Cherry picking 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5573:Appeal to fear 5570: 5563: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5546: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5523: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5463: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5380:Understatement 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5336: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5278: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5244:Indoctrination 5241: 5236: 5231: 5229:Disinformation 5226: 5221: 5216: 5210: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5198: 5193: 5191:Smear campaign 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5108:Sensationalism 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5048:Agenda-setting 5044: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4996: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4922:False document 4919: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4886: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4827:Catch and kill 4824: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4724: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4660:Demonstrations 4657: 4652: 4647: 4645:Cancel culture 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4614: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4532: 4531: 4524: 4517: 4509: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4309:Cancel culture 4306: 4301: 4295: 4293: 4291:Counterculture 4287: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4256:Edward Bernays 4253: 4248: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4211:Catch and kill 4207: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4190:Sensationalism 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4114: 4108: 4106: 4099: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4079:Bipartisanship 4076: 4074:American Dream 4071: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4028: 4023: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3941: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3927: 3926: 3919: 3912: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3635:Organizational 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3585:Cross-cultural 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3433:Intrapersonal 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3382: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3348: 3347: 3340: 3333: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3311: 3304: 3282: 3277: 3261: 3256: 3236: 3224: 3222:on 2 June 2010 3202: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3184:. 21 July 2020 3169: 3154: 3128: 3102: 3089: 3074: 3048: 3036: 2971: 2965: 2947: 2934: 2925: 2916: 2898: 2867: 2854: 2834: 2821: 2812: 2802: 2793: 2774: 2755: 2729: 2705: 2687: 2657: 2626: 2620: 2599: 2590: 2563: 2544:(2): 107–112. 2528: 2515: 2508: 2488: 2469:Yann, Arthur. 2461: 2430: 2421: 2394:(1): 109–124. 2378: 2364: 2327: 2318: 2280: 2271: 2264: 2238: 2216: 2197: 2177: 2151: 2118: 2100: 2078: 2056: 2033: 2011: 1990: 1960: 1951:|journal= 1924: 1915:|journal= 1888: 1871: 1849: 1836: 1829: 1803: 1794: 1769: 1738: 1719: 1694: 1682: 1673: 1668:Two-Way Street 1655: 1645: 1620: 1594: 1574: 1556: 1530: 1499: 1484: 1465: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1385:United Kingdom 1350:Bell Pottinger 1334:Main article: 1331: 1328: 1306:public opinion 1287: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1173: 1170: 1135: 1132: 1119:cherry picking 1089:Main article: 1086: 1083: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1002: 994: 986: 978: 970: 956: 953: 923: 920: 908: 905: 899: 896: 895: 894: 888: 882: 876: 870: 836:search engines 824:Main article: 821: 818: 812: 809: 807: 806: 799:Active Publics 795: 786: 777: 772:Latent Publics 768: 751: 750: 742: 734: 726: 718: 710: 702: 694: 686: 682:Latent Publics 678: 670: 656: 653: 630: 627: 611:press releases 599: 598: 595: 592: 589: 583: 577: 571: 565: 559: 549: 533: 530: 513:of 1948–1952. 492:Edward Bernays 465:United Kingdom 423:Main article: 420: 417: 411: 408: 356:social science 319: 316: 267:press releases 150: 149: 110:of the subject 108:worldwide view 99: 97: 90: 83: 82: 60: 58: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6557: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6415:Computer rage 6413: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6387:United States 6385: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6362:Filter bubble 6360: 6356: 6355:United States 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6290:Peer pressure 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6231: 6227: 6221: 6218: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6136:Doomscrolling 6134: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5947:Media studies 5945: 5943: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5900: 5899:human factors 5896: 5889: 5884: 5882: 5877: 5875: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5678:False dilemma 5676: 5674: 5673:False balance 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5551: 5544: 5539: 5537: 5532: 5530: 5525: 5524: 5521: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5488:Media ecology 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5471:United States 5469: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5446: 5445:Telemarketing 5443: 5441: 5438: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5329: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5234:Fearmongering 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5203: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5073:False balance 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5030:Word of mouth 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4817:Broadcast law 4815: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4665:Deplatforming 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4570:False balance 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4518: 4516: 4511: 4510: 4507: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4385:Mediatization 4383: 4381: 4380:Media studies 4378: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4359:Strike action 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4324:Demonstration 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4089:Pensée unique 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3955:Digital media 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3931:Media culture 3925: 3920: 3918: 3913: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3890: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3625:Media studies 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3615:International 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3600:Environmental 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3590:Developmental 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3570:Communicology 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3458:Media ecology 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3428:Interpersonal 3426: 3424: 3423:Intercultural 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3398:Communication 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3346: 3341: 3339: 3334: 3332: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3278:0-8058-1780-8 3274: 3270: 3266: 3265:Cutlip, Scott 3262: 3259: 3257:0-8058-1464-7 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3240:Cutlip, Scott 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3218: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3204: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3158: 3143: 3139: 3132: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3098: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3045: 3040: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2982: 2975: 2968: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2944: 2938: 2929: 2920: 2912: 2911:(1928) p. 10" 2910: 2902: 2886: 2882: 2881:Research Gate 2878: 2871: 2864: 2858: 2851:. Washington. 2850: 2849: 2844: 2838: 2831: 2825: 2816: 2806: 2797: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2778: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2759: 2743: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2712: 2710: 2701: 2694: 2692: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2661: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2634:Gostin, Ira. 2630: 2623: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2608:Cutlip, Scott 2603: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2532: 2522: 2520: 2511: 2505: 2502:. Routledge. 2501: 2500: 2492: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2382: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2357: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2322: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2275: 2267: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2242: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2220: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2181: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2148: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2082: 2075: 2063: 2059: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2042:Lachman, Gary 2037: 2030: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2004: 2003: 1994: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1964: 1956: 1943: 1935: 1928: 1920: 1907: 1899: 1892: 1884: 1883: 1875: 1859: 1853: 1846: 1840: 1832: 1830:9781446269084 1826: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1808: 1798: 1783: 1779: 1773: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1742: 1734: 1730: 1723: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1677: 1669: 1662: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1646:9780132703970 1642: 1637: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1609: 1605: 1598: 1590: 1584: 1577: 1571: 1567: 1560: 1544: 1540: 1534: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1503: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1477: 1470: 1466: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1389: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1343: 1337: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1141: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1110:According to 1108: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1077: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1008: 1007: 1003: 1000: 999: 995: 992: 991: 987: 984: 983: 979: 976: 975: 971: 968: 967: 963: 962: 961: 952: 948: 944: 942: 938: 932: 930: 919: 917: 913: 904: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 864: 863: 859: 855: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 827: 817: 805: 802: 800: 796: 793: 791: 790:Aware Publics 787: 784: 782: 778: 775: 773: 769: 766: 764: 760: 759: 758: 756: 748: 747: 743: 740: 739: 735: 732: 731: 727: 724: 723: 719: 716: 715: 711: 708: 707: 703: 700: 699: 695: 692: 691: 690:Aware Publics 687: 684: 683: 679: 676: 675: 671: 668: 667: 663: 662: 661: 652: 649: 644: 639: 636: 626: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 603: 596: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 575: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 553: 550: 547: 546: 545: 542: 540: 529: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 511:Marshall plan 507: 505: 501: 497: 496:Soviet Russia 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 468: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 449: 444: 440: 436: 432: 426: 416: 407: 405: 404:communication 399: 395: 393: 390:The UK-based 387: 383: 379: 375: 373: 367: 365: 361: 358:of analyzing 357: 354:"the art and 351: 348: 344: 342: 341: 336: 332: 328: 324: 315: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 219: 217: 213: 209: 206:as a form of 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 162: 158: 154: 146: 143: 135: 125: 121: 117: 111: 109: 105: 98: 89: 88: 79: 74: 70: 66: 65: 59: 50: 49: 44: 37: 33: 19: 6509:Technophobia 6497:Technophilia 6340:Echo chamber 6198:Rage farming 6024: 5978:Infotainment 5848:Whataboutism 5818:Scapegoating 5807: 5778:Obscurantism 5758:Minimisation 5663:Exaggeration 5565: 5493:Media ethics 5413:Door-to-door 5408:Cold calling 5385:Weasel words 5331: 5292:Fifth column 5186:Push polling 5136:Astroturfing 5098:Pseudo-event 5078:Infotainment 5053:Broadcasting 4972:Urban legend 4895:April Fools' 4768:Testimonials 4738:Infomercials 4565:Dumbing down 4489:Post-Fordism 4479:Mass society 4448:Transparency 4394: 4261:Noam Chomsky 4239:Philosophers 4185:Recuperation 4170:Media circus 4160:Dumbing down 4128: 4026:Media policy 4000:Social media 3492: 3408:Conversation 3393:Broadcasting 3314: 3307: 3297:, retrieved 3293:the original 3287: 3268: 3243: 3231: 3217:the original 3208: 3186:. Retrieved 3181: 3172: 3162: 3157: 3145:. Retrieved 3141: 3131: 3119:. Retrieved 3115:The Guardian 3114: 3105: 3096: 3092: 3065:. Retrieved 3061:The Guardian 3060: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3027:. Retrieved 2991: 2987: 2974: 2956: 2950: 2942: 2937: 2928: 2919: 2908: 2901: 2889:. Retrieved 2880: 2870: 2857: 2846: 2837: 2824: 2815: 2805: 2796: 2777: 2758: 2746:. Retrieved 2732: 2717: 2699: 2678:. Retrieved 2669: 2660: 2648:. Retrieved 2639: 2629: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2498: 2491: 2479:. Retrieved 2464: 2452:. Retrieved 2443: 2433: 2424: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2355: 2321: 2297: 2293: 2283: 2274: 2251: 2241: 2225: 2219: 2207:. Retrieved 2187: 2180: 2168:. Retrieved 2164: 2154: 2146: 2139:. Retrieved 2130: 2121: 2110:, retrieved 2091: 2081: 2073: 2066:. Retrieved 2046: 2036: 2028: 2021:. Retrieved 2001: 1993: 1981:. Retrieved 1972: 1963: 1942:cite journal 1927: 1906:cite journal 1891: 1881: 1874: 1862:. Retrieved 1852: 1844: 1839: 1820: 1797: 1785:. Retrieved 1781: 1772: 1760:. Retrieved 1751: 1741: 1733:the original 1722: 1710:. Retrieved 1706: 1697: 1685: 1676: 1667: 1650: 1639:. FT Press. 1634: 1623: 1611:. Retrieved 1607: 1597: 1565: 1559: 1549:28 September 1547:. Retrieved 1543:the original 1533: 1521:. Retrieved 1513:Entrepreneur 1512: 1502: 1493: 1487: 1475: 1469: 1382: 1347: 1339: 1325: 1321:astroturfing 1314: 1310: 1302:lobby groups 1291: 1289: 1260: 1259: 1241: 1240: 1222: 1221: 1204:Authenticity 1203: 1202: 1182:Truthfulness 1181: 1180: 1175: 1143: 1116: 1109: 1104: 1098: 1094: 1036: 1021: 1017: 1005: 1004: 997: 996: 990:Independence 989: 988: 981: 980: 973: 972: 965: 964: 958: 949: 945: 933: 925: 910: 901: 890: 884: 878: 872: 866: 860: 856: 852: 829: 814: 804: 798: 797: 789: 788: 780: 779: 771: 770: 762: 761: 755:James Grunig 752: 745: 744: 737: 736: 729: 728: 721: 720: 713: 712: 705: 704: 697: 696: 689: 688: 681: 680: 673: 672: 665: 664: 658: 640: 632: 623:social media 604: 600: 543: 535: 515: 508: 469: 461:Basil Clarke 447: 428: 413: 401: 397: 389: 385: 381: 377: 369: 353: 349: 345: 338: 335:Eric Goldman 321: 305:), managing 295:social media 283:spokesperson 273:, arranging 256: 224:stakeholders 220: 212:earned media 176:organization 171: 167: 166: 153: 138: 129: 101: 77: 62: 6273:Moral panic 6203:Screen time 6037:News values 5973:Gatekeeping 5915:Externality 5843:Weasel word 5793:Plain folks 5708:Gish gallop 5698:Flag-waving 5653:Doublespeak 5648:Dog whistle 5608:Blood libel 5365:Sound bites 5345:Doublespeak 5196:Wedge issue 5156:Dog whistle 5131:Advertising 4957:Lying press 4942:Gaslighting 4720:Advertising 4695:Occupations 4585:Obfuscation 4575:Half-truths 4368:In academia 4354:Review bomb 4175:Media event 4112:Advertising 4084:Consumerism 4005:State media 3555:Closed-loop 3418:Information 3380:terminology 3121:11 November 3067:11 November 2994:(1): 2–13. 2891:30 November 2650:30 November 2444:WhatsIt.com 2141:17 December 2112:20 February 2023:18 November 1983:20 February 1762:18 February 1317:front group 1150:IT security 1101:Stuart Ewen 873:Impressions 842:relations, 763:Non-Publics 643:stakeholder 615:newsletters 484:World War I 327:Rockefeller 318:Definitions 204:advertising 178:(such as a 6529:Categories 6487:Social bot 6477:Sealioning 6235:Conformity 6020:Propaganda 6005:Media bias 5998:Soft media 5718:Half-truth 5623:Censorship 5567:Ad hominem 5466:Media bias 5322:Subversion 5287:False flag 5264:Techniques 5206:Propaganda 5166:Lawn signs 5146:Canvassing 5040:News media 4796:Censorship 4728:Billboards 4680:Hacktivism 4670:Grassroots 4595:Persuasion 4433:Media bias 4334:Occupation 4266:Guy Debord 4148:Techniques 4117:Propaganda 4014:Principles 3990:News media 3970:Mass media 3871:Wertheimer 3751:Horkheimer 3488:Propaganda 3443:Mass media 3438:Journalism 3378:Topics and 3029:14 January 2909:Propaganda 2680:31 October 2454:17 October 1973:PR Studies 1778:"About PR" 1613:15 October 1461:References 1404:Grassroots 1293:Propaganda 1172:T.A.R.E.S. 1138:See also: 1127:euphemisms 1112:Jim Hoggan 916:reputation 867:Engagement 539:rhetorical 500:Mayakovsky 480:journalism 476:World Wars 472:propaganda 453:persuasion 431:profession 299:reputation 275:interviews 236:government 228:leadership 6173:Infodemic 6107:Clickbait 6074:Attention 5930:Cognition 5728:Ideograph 5683:Fake news 5428:Promotion 5307:Political 5214:Bandwagon 5141:Attack ad 5020:Publicity 4992:Marketing 4905:Fake news 4867:Religious 4862:Political 4842:Euphemism 4837:Cover-ups 4832:Corporate 4700:Petitions 4590:Orwellian 4560:Deception 4413:Anonymity 4122:Fake news 4098:Deception 3995:Old media 3980:New media 3655:Technical 3640:Political 3548:Subfields 3473:New media 3299:6 October 3016:158618395 3008:2373-6992 2579:: 56–64. 2558:1363-254X 2481:21 August 2416:145019080 2408:0022-5533 2374:660088137 2314:158039195 2068:8 October 1997:Compare: 1523:25 August 1444:Publicist 982:Expertise 840:new media 811:Messaging 556:lifestyle 478:(compare 457:New World 443:Aristotle 435:influence 410:'Publics' 259:audiences 232:companies 216:marketing 192:publicity 132:June 2018 120:talk page 6502:Neophile 6129:Phubbing 6047:Hot take 5935:Mismatch 5748:Newspeak 5613:Buzzword 5375:Transfer 5317:Sedition 5181:Negative 5093:Newspeak 5083:Managing 5025:Research 5000:Branding 4952:Literary 4917:Fakelore 4910:websites 4900:Deepfake 4857:Internet 4748:Modeling 4705:Protests 4685:Internet 4618:Advocacy 4610:Activism 4462:Synonyms 4453:Violence 4329:Graffiti 4062:Ideology 3889:Category 3841:Richards 3766:Jakobson 3746:Habermas 3701:Castells 3691:Benjamin 3669:Scholars 3267:(1995), 3242:(1994), 3230:(2012), 3020:Archived 2885:Archived 2785:Archived 2766:Archived 2742:Archived 2722:Archived 2674:Archived 2644:Archived 2610:(1994), 2475:Archived 2448:Archived 2203:Archived 2135:Archived 2131:The Drum 2106:archived 2062:Archived 2044:(2008). 2017:Archived 1977:Archived 1756:Archived 1707:prsa.org 1583:citation 1517:Archived 1392:See also 1376:and the 1366:Publicis 1296:(1928), 1134:Negative 1006:Fairness 966:Advocacy 885:Mentions 844:blogging 832:Internet 552:Consumer 448:Rhetoric 279:speeches 196:exposure 180:business 114:You may 6462:Griefer 6268:Mobbing 6102:Chumbox 6054:Spiking 5738:Lawfare 5703:Framing 5598:Big lie 5454:Related 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