802:
Israeli government gave them weapons and trained them to protect themselves. But the armed forces from
Transjordan did not stop their criminal acts, until some of the border settlements lost their patience and after the murder of a mother and her two children in Yahud, they attacked, last week, the village of Kibya across the border, that was one of the main centers of the murderers' gangs. Every one of us regrets and suffers when blood is shed anywhere and nobody regrets more than the Israeli government the fact that innocent people were killed in the retaliation act in Kibya. But all the responsibility rests with the government of Transjordan that for many years tolerated and thus encouraged attacks of murder and robbery by armed powers in its country against the citizens of Israel.
466:
simply to get a glimpse of their abandoned homes and fields. During the following years the vast majority came to steal crops, irrigation pipes, farm animals, or other property belonging to settlers, or to graze their flocks. Some engaged in smuggling goods or mailâcertain items, such as
Bedouin clothing, were often unavailable in Israel, and there were no postal services between Israel and the Arab states. Others moved through Israeli territory in order to reach other Arab countries, most frequently from the Gaza Strip to the West Bank. Most of the infiltrators were unarmed individuals, though it appears that the proportion who came armed and in groups steadily increased after 1950.
208:
74:
636:
624:
776:) are going to explain the issue. In a joint meeting of army and foreign ministry officials Shmuel Bendor suggested that we say that the army had no part in the operation, but that the inhabitants of the border villages, infuriated by previous incidents and seeking revenge, operated on their own. Such a version will make us appear ridiculous: any child would say that this was a military operation. (16 October 1953)
694:. The Israeli troops simultaneously entered the village from three sides. IDF soldiers encountered resistance from soldiers and village guards, and in the gunbattle that followed, 10â12 soldiers and guards defending the village were killed and an Israeli soldier was lightly wounded. Military engineers dynamited dozens of buildings across the village, killing scores of civilians. In the words of historian
81:
1478:, First Vintage books, 2001. p. 279. "After Qibya the IDF switched from civilian to military targets. Arab civilian casualties declined markedly, reducing Western condemnation of "indiscriminate" Israeli reprisals. But the sorties increased in size and firepower: Many more troops and guns were needed to conquer a well-fortified military camp or police fort than to overrun a village."
552:. The attack initially drew a sharp rebuke to Jordan from the Mixed Armistice Commission. The Israeli government immediately claimed that the killings were perpetrated by Palestinian infiltrators, a charge queried by Jordanian officials, who were skeptical, and who offered to collaborate with Israel in order to apprehend the guilty parties, whoever and wherever they were.
59:
1225:
1953, p.37) (2) 'I must underline that when I opposed the action I didn't even remotely suspect such a bloodbath. I thought that I was opposing one of those actions which have become a routine in the past. Had I even remotely suspected that such a massacre was to be held, I would have raised real hell. (16 October 1953, p. 44)' cited Livia Rokach,
702:
killing and damage to property", and post-operational reports speak of breaking into houses and clearing them with grenades and shooting. UN observers noted that they observed bodies near doorways, and bullet marks on the doors of demolished houses, and later concluded that residents might have been forced by heavy fire to stay in their homes.
792:
None deplores it more than the
Government of Israel, if ... innocent blood was spilled ... The Government of Israel rejects with all vigor the absurd and fantastic allegation that 600 men of the IDF took part in the action ... We have carried out a searching investigation and it is clear beyond doubt
479:
condemned
Israeli raids 44 times. For the same period, 1949â1953, Jordan maintained that it alone suffered 629 killed and injured from Israeli incursions and cross-border bombings. UN sources for the period, based on the documentation at General Bennike's disposal (prepared by Commander E H Hutchison
417:
Forty-five houses, a school, and a mosque were destroyed. Ariel Sharon wrote in his diary that "Qibya was to be an example for everyone," and that he ordered "maximal killing and damage to property". Post-operational reports speak of breaking into houses and clearing them with grenades and shooting.
822:
I couldn't believe my ears. As I went back over each step of the operation, I began to understand what must have happened. For years
Israeli reprisal raids had never succeeded in doing more than blowing up a few outlying buildings, if that. Expecting the same, some Arab families must have stayed in
701:
Ariel Sharon later wrote in his diary that he had received orders to inflict heavy damage on the Arab Legion forces in Qibya: "The orders were utterly clear: Qibya was to be an example for everyone." Original documents of the time showed that Sharon personally ordered his troops to achieve "maximal
573:
and prosecute their investigation. For the first time, Israel accepted Jordan's offer of assistance and the tracks of the perpetrator were traced to a point 1400m over the border, to a road near Rantis, but dried up there. The United
Nations observer team's investigation failed to find any evidence
465:
attempting to rejoin their families. During 1948â49, most of the infiltrators crossed the borders to harvest crops left behind, to plant new crops in their abandoned lands, or to retrieve goods. Many others came to resettle in their old villages or elsewhere inside Israel, or to visit relatives, or
1224:
In
Sharett's diary we read: (1)'I told Lavon that this will be a grave error, and recalled, citing various precedents, that it was never proved that reprisal actions serve their declared purpose. Lavon smiled ... and kept to his own idea.... Ben Gurion, he said, didn't share my view.' (14 October
801:
The border settlers in Israel, mostly refugees, people from Arab countries and survivors from the Nazi concentration camps, have, for years, been the target of (...) murderous attacks and had shown a great restraint. Rightfully, they have demanded that their government protect their lives and the
432:
The massacre was condemned by the U.S. State
Department, the UN Security Council, and by Jewish communities worldwide. The State Department described the raid as "shocking" and used the occasion to confirm publicly that economic aid to Israel had been suspended previously, for other non-compliance
568:
to cross over from Israel to track down the Yahud attackers". On the other hand, some weeks later, while assisting a United
Nations and Jordanian team following the tracks of the person(s) who on 1 November had blown up a water-line in Jordanian territory supplying the Arab quarter of Jerusalem,
743:
The State
Department described the raid as "shocking", and used the occasion to confirm publicly that economic aid to Israel had been previously suspended. The aid, as Israel had been informed on 18 September, had been "deferred" until Israel saw fit to cooperate with the United Nations in the
474:
show a considerable reduction, from 233 in the first nine months of 1952, to 172 for the same period in 1953, immediately before the attack. This marked reduction was in good part the result of increased Jordanian efficiency in patrolling. Between June 1949 and the end of 1952, a total of 57
867:'s words to the General Staff in July 1954 were, "Guys, you have to understand there can be the greatest and most successful military operation, and it will turn into a political failure, meaning eventually a military failure as well. I'll give a simple example: Qibya."
810:
observed that the official Israeli version was not believed, and it did nothing to reduce the damage to Israel's image. "This was not Ben-Gurion's first lie for what he saw as the good of his country, nor was it to be the last, but it was one of the most blatant."
859:
After this incident, Israel restricted attacks on civilian targets. Despite the U.S. request that those involved be brought to account, Sharon was not prosecuted. The independence of Unit 101 was cancelled and several weeks later it was dismantled altogether.
823:
their houses rather than running away. In those big stone houses some could easily have hidden in the cellars and back rooms, keeping quiet when the paratroopers went in to check and yell out a warning. The result was this tragedy that had happened.
714:(MAC) was held in the afternoon of 15 October and a resolution condemning the regular Israel army for its attack on Qibya, as a breach of article III, paragraph 2,62/ of the Israel-Jordan General Armistice Agreement was adopted by a majority vote.
543:
The specific incident which the Israeli government used to justify its assault on Qibya occurred on 12 October 1953, when a Jewish woman, Suzanne Kinyas, and her two children were killed by a grenade thrown into their house in the Israeli town of
667:. The American chairman of the Mixed Armistice Commission in his report to the UN Security Council estimated that between 250 and 300 Israeli soldiers were involved in the attack. The raid was personally led by future Israeli Prime Minister
1106:
475:
Israelis, mostly civilians, were killed by Palestinian infiltrators from the Jordanian West Bank. The Israeli death toll for the first nine months of 1953 was 32. Over roughly the same time (November 1950 â November 1953), the
855:
Following the attack, the Arab Legion deployed soldiers on the border segment near Qibya to stop further infiltrations and deter further Israeli incursions. There was a brief overall reduction in incursions along the border.
483:
Over the year leading up to the raid, Israeli forces and civilians had conducted many punitive expeditions, causing destruction of infrastructure and crops and many civilian casualties against Palestinian villages, with
469:
Half of Jordan's prison population at the time consisted of people arrested for attempting to return to, or illegally enter, Israeli territory, but the number of complaints filed by Israel over infiltrations from the
595:: "Force had to be used to demonstrate to the Arabs that Israel was in the Middle East to stay, Ben Gurion believed, and to that end he felt strongly that his retaliatory policy had to be continued."
1102:
615:
was privy to prior deliberations on whether or not such a punitive raid ought to be conducted, he expressed strong disapproval of the proposal, and was deeply shocked when informed of the outcome.
31:
2764:
263:
2056:
609:
1317:
574:
indicating who committed the crime, and the Jordanian delegate to the Mixed Commission condemned the act in strong language on 14 October. The Chief of Staff of the Arab Legion in
1846:
2274:
520:
being the most notable examples. Meanwhile, Palestinian guerilla raids into Israel continued. Over a two-week period in late May and early June, four raids by Palestinian
3410:
1593:
256:
1621:
1127:
Commander E H Hutchison USNR "Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1951â1955" Chapter XI A Survey of the Whole Conflict p. 90-100
3302:
814:
Sharon later claimed that he had "thought the houses were empty" and that the unit had checked all houses before detonating the explosives. In his autobiography
1666:
881:
1159:
1142:
1088:
3380:
2873:
1839:
1186:
Commander E H Hutchison USNR "Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1951â1955" (Acting Chairman of the HJKIMAC), Appendix B
445:
The attack took place in the context of border clashes between Israel and neighbouring states, which had begun almost immediately after the signing of the
249:
698:, the operation âblew up forty-five homes with their inhabitants inside." At dawn, the operation was considered complete, and the Israelis returned home.
3051:
2422:
1808:
3420:
3415:
797:
On Israeli Radio that same day, Ben-Gurion addressed the nation, repeating the accusation that the massacre had been perpetrated by Israeli civilians:
793:
that not a single army unit was absent from its base on the night of the attack on Qibya. (Statement by Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion, ISA FM 2435/5)
3265:
3259:
735:
The attack was universally condemned by the international community. The U.S. State Department issued a bulletin on 18 October 1953, expressing its
2267:
1986:
876:
651:
According to the Mixed Armistice Commission report, approved on the afternoon immediately following the operation, and delivered by Major General
3370:
3247:
3237:
3219:
3213:
3209:
1832:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3071:
3061:
3055:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3009:
726:
718:
655:
to the UN Security Council, the raid at Qibya took place on the evening of 14 October 1953 at around 9.30 pm, and was taken by roughly half a
414:, which was then under Jordanian control, and killed more than sixty-nine Palestinian civilians, two-thirds of whom were women and children.
3231:
2051:
1314:
3325:
1614:
711:
690:
roads to prevent Jordanian forces from intervening. At the same time at least 25 mortar shells were fired into the neighbouring village of
616:
2992:
2986:
2260:
569:
tracks that led to the Scopus fence, the Israeli inspector delegated to the team denied them permission to enter the Jewish area around
3435:
3390:
3365:
3317:
3307:
1042:
The Qibya massacre unleashed against Israel a storm of international protest of unprecedented severity in the country's short history.
3425:
2728:
2571:
489:
3312:
2866:
2746:
2283:
582:
to ask that no retaliatory actions take place that might compromise Jordanian investigations underway on their side of the border.
1335:
2372:
1801:
1607:
117:
3375:
2529:
780:
Notwithstanding Sharett's advice that broadcasting this version would make Israel appear patently "ridiculous", on 19 October
3385:
2796:
2780:
2676:
1441:
1286:
411:
1457:
3395:
2640:
2859:
2720:
2593:
1103:"Which Came First- Terrorism or Occupation â Major Arab Terrorist Attacks against Israelis Prior to the 1967 Six-Day War"
836:, relates that he had both his hands broken when he was ambushed for criticizing the massacre at Qibya in his newspaper.
73:
764:
The international outcry caused by the operation required a formal reply by Israel. Intense discussions took place, and
2980:
2904:
2772:
2736:
2132:
2046:
1794:
1762:
457:, infiltrations, armed or otherwise, were frequent from both sides. Many infiltrations from Jordanian territory in the
2656:
2041:
1389:
1247:
1063:
1035:
941:
915:
354:
2824:
2806:
2788:
741:"should be brought to account and that effective measures should be taken to prevent such incidents in the future."
337:
26:
1488:
Gil-li Vardia (2008). "'Pounding Their Feet': Israeli Military Culture as Reflected in Early IDF Combat History".
3400:
3227:
2432:
2313:
2071:
1756:
359:
273:
46:
3223:
3153:
3147:
3025:
2883:
1774:
3075:
2932:
2666:
2061:
1240:
Israel's Border Wars, 1949 â 1956. Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War
2814:
2380:
2097:
2036:
1966:
848:, the attack, "controversial, brutal, and bloody â worked," leading Jordan to arrest more than a thousand
369:
110:
682:
barrage on the village until Israeli forces reached the outskirts of the village. Israeli troops employed
3430:
3019:
2589:
2474:
958:
Israel's Border Wars, 1949â1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War
476:
3405:
3360:
3165:
3143:
3079:
1744:
635:
312:
3131:
3015:
2962:
2910:
2611:
2305:
2031:
1817:
1027:
745:
446:
434:
2926:
2922:
2712:
2694:
2601:
2495:
1881:
1642:
659:
strength of soldiers from the Israeli regular army. Later sources state the force consisted of 130
374:
3350:
3193:
2968:
1996:
1702:
3175:
3171:
2648:
2579:
2563:
2555:
1929:
1738:
1654:
1589:
1303:
The Hundred Yearsâ War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917-2017
998:
749:
342:
905:
3355:
3271:
2944:
2466:
2122:
2087:
1976:
1919:
1708:
1276:
931:
660:
322:
212:
3253:
3159:
2834:
2702:
2537:
2406:
2239:
2182:
2107:
2092:
1981:
1672:
1648:
849:
462:
540:
which, according to the UN, greatly concerned both the Israeli and Jordanian governments.
8:
3031:
2956:
2938:
2916:
2440:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1660:
722:
683:
623:
549:
454:
395:
364:
50:
1261:
3241:
3197:
3065:
2448:
2298:
2137:
2026:
1505:
1332:
991:
1690:
3203:
3108:
2898:
2398:
2364:
2117:
1904:
1574:
1509:
1437:
1385:
1282:
1243:
1059:
1031:
937:
911:
327:
290:
170:
3291:
3114:
2686:
2513:
2356:
1886:
1696:
1678:
1569:
1561:
1497:
781:
773:
605:
598:
63:
Palestinian villagers returning to the village of Qibya after the Israeli massacre
3297:
2950:
2632:
2503:
2414:
2016:
1900:
1684:
1599:
1565:
1526:
1461:
1339:
1321:
785:
679:
501:
332:
241:
182:
748:; that site had been chosen as the original location for the intake of Israel's
2547:
2521:
2390:
2218:
2213:
2187:
2021:
1768:
1262:
Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at The Arab-Israeli Conflict 1951â1955
1173:
753:
695:
295:
1501:
3344:
2756:
2340:
2192:
1961:
1537:
765:
612:
587:
553:
545:
132:
119:
22:
3137:
2456:
2234:
2066:
2011:
1924:
1631:
1342:
on 18 October 1953 (Department of State Bulletin, 26 October 1953, p. 552).
864:
845:
832:
672:
668:
652:
601:
570:
533:
426:
403:
300:
233:
222:
3187:
2348:
2321:
2177:
1971:
1208:
744:
Demilitarized Zone, in relation to its ongoing water diversion work near
592:
561:
557:
529:
1786:
907:
An Uneasy Relationship: American Jewish Leadership And Israel, 1948â1957
2974:
1895:
1750:
1019:
827:
807:
565:
509:
3102:
2006:
1956:
687:
656:
608:. The Israeli elected governing cabinet was not informed, and though
579:
537:
525:
497:
471:
458:
422:
103:
1553:
1476:
Righteous Victims, A history of the Zionist-Arab Conflict 1881â2001
1382:
Cooperating Rivals: The Riparian Politics of the Jordan River Basin
993:
A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism
664:
521:
399:
217:
186:
1215:
The Linden Press/Simon & Schuster. New York, 1981, pp. 48â50):
3181:
2172:
2127:
2102:
737:"deepest sympathy for the families of those who lost their lives"
505:
1434:
The Iron Wall - Israel and the Arab World (Updated edition 2014)
1315:
Ariel Sharon â Biography: 1953 Retribution Acts (Pe'ulot Tagmul)
1213:
Warriors at Suez: Eisenhower Takes America into the Middle East.
2162:
2157:
1914:
1909:
1369:
Taking Sides: America's Secret Relations with a Militant Israel
1356:
Taking Sides: America's Secret Relations with a Militant Israel
691:
493:
485:
686:
to breach the barbed-wire fences surrounding the village, and
429:, in which an Israeli woman and her two children were killed.
2197:
2167:
2112:
2001:
1991:
1933:
1890:
575:
517:
513:
450:
407:
99:
950:
739:
in Qibya as well as the conviction that those responsible
16:
1953 killing of 69 Palestinian civilians by Israeli forces
1554:"Israel: 'Law as the Continuation of War by Other Means'"
984:
982:
768:
summed up, in his diary on 16 October, the opinion that:
58:
425:. Israel framed the Qibya massacre as a response to the
979:
1854:
882:
List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967
1145:. United Nations Security Council. 16 November 1953.
604:
gave the order, in coordination with Prime Minister
1418:20 October 1953, and translated by Livia Rokach in
1162:. United Nations Security Council. 27 October 1953.
1091:. United Nations Security Council. 9 November 1953.
1629:
1305:. Ebook edition. London: Profile Books, 2020, 175.
990:
271:
2881:
1354:, 19 October 1953, 1:5, cited in, Stephen Green,
3411:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1950s
3342:
1229:AAUG Press, Belmont, Massachusetts, 3rd ed.1986.
877:List of massacres in the Palestinian territories
421:The attack followed cross-border raids from the
548:, some 10 kilometers (6 mi) inside of the
1137:
1135:
1133:
2867:
2268:
1840:
1802:
1615:
1536:The 1953 Qibya Raid Revisited: Excerpts from
1487:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
923:
852:and stepped up its patrolling of the border.
756:at Eshed Kinrot, following this US pressure.
717:The UN Security Council subsequently adopted
257:
1053:
731:"strongest possible censure of this action."
524:killed 3 and wounded 6 people in Israel, at
3381:Operations involving Israeli special forces
1154:
1152:
1130:
960:, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 258â9.
788:had been carried out by Israeli civilians.
3326:IsraeliâLebanese maritime border agreement
2874:
2860:
2275:
2261:
1847:
1833:
1809:
1795:
1622:
1608:
1431:
1333:The Department of State issued a statement
1072:
1018:
910:, Syracuse University Press, p. 191,
752:, but it would be moved downstream to the
675:in the IDF and the commander of Unit 101.
398:that occurred in October 1953, when IDF's
264:
250:
57:
3421:Mosque bombings in the State of Palestine
3416:School bombings in the State of Palestine
3036:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
3010:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
1816:
1573:
1058:. First Vintage Books. pp. 469â470.
705:
504:, Khirbet Rasm Nofal, Khirbet Beit Emin,
236:cited as motive by the Israeli government
1552:Krebs, Shiri (2015). Roach, Kent (ed.).
1149:
1024:The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World
899:
897:
721:on 27 October 1953. On 24 November, the
2373:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
1560:. Cambridge University Press: 511â542.
1274:
772:Now the army wants to know how we (the
3371:Massacres in the West Bank Governorate
3343:
3318:IsraelâMorocco normalization agreement
3308:BahrainâIsrael normalization agreement
1481:
929:
556:said later that "the Commander of the
80:
2855:
2282:
2256:
1828:
1790:
1603:
1551:
1275:Creveld, Martin van (30 April 2015).
1012:
988:
968:
966:
903:
894:
830:, founder and editor of the magazine
402:led by future Israeli Prime Minister
245:
3313:IsraelâSudan normalization agreement
3052:IsraelâSyria disengagement agreement
2729:Southern Israel cross-border attacks
2641:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
2572:Iraqi missile attacks against Israel
1374:
976:, ibid. pp. 257â276. esp. pp.249,262
1265:Devin-Adair Co. New York. Page 161.
997:. Oxford University Press. p.
759:
13:
3303:IsraelâUAE normalization agreement
3194:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
2047:Palestinian Popular Struggle Front
1590:UNSC resolution on Qibya operation
1545:
963:
14:
3447:
3436:Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
3391:1953 in the West Bank Governorate
3366:Israeli massacres of Palestinians
1583:
1558:Comparative Counter-Terrorism Law
1109:from the original on 10 July 2006
663:troops of whom a third came from
355:Shafrir synagogue shooting attack
3426:20th-century mass murder in Asia
3232:Agreement on Movement and Access
634:
622:
206:
79:
72:
3266:IsraeliâPalestinian peace talks
3260:IsraeliâPalestinian peace talks
3228:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
2433:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
2314:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
2072:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
1468:
1450:
1425:
1408:
1395:
1361:
1345:
1326:
1308:
1295:
1268:
1253:
1232:
1218:
1202:
1189:
1180:
1166:
1121:
360:Death and eulogy of Roi Rotberg
47:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
2905:McMahonâHussein Correspondence
2721:Palestinian militancy campaign
1095:
1047:
1:
3376:Massacres committed by Israel
2993:American trusteeship proposal
2062:Popular Resistance Committees
1436:. Penguin Books. p. 97.
887:
646:
480:USNR), lower both estimates.
440:
3386:Reprisal operations (Israel)
1566:10.1017/CBO9781107298002.018
1490:Journal of Strategic Studies
710:An emergency meeting of the
591:correspondent to Jerusalem,
370:Ramat Rachel shooting attack
7:
3396:October 1953 events in Asia
2590:Palestinian suicide attacks
1242:. Oxford University Press,
870:
784:publicly asserted that the
610:Minister of Foreign Affairs
51:Israeli reprisal operations
10:
3452:
3166:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
3154:BeilinâAbu Mazen agreement
3148:IsraelâJordan peace treaty
3080:Palestinian autonomy talks
1520:
1420:Israel's Sacred Terrorism,
1403:Israel's Sacred Terrorism,
1227:Israel's Sacred Terrorism,
1028:W. W. Norton & Company
839:
712:Mixed Armistice Commission
477:Mixed Armistice Commission
3280:
3123:
3076:EgyptâIsrael peace treaty
3001:
2933:FaisalâWeizmann agreement
2890:
2851:
2624:
2487:
2332:
2290:
2252:
2227:
2206:
2150:
2080:
1967:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
1949:
1942:
1872:
1824:
1763:Shadia Abu Ghazala School
1638:
1502:10.1080/01402390801940476
1320:27 September 2009 at the
447:1949 Armistice Agreements
435:1949 Armistice Agreements
283:
228:
201:
193:
176:
166:
148:
109:
95:
68:
56:
44:
39:
3115:IsraelâLebanon agreement
2927:Anglo-French Declaration
2923:Declaration to the Seven
2496:Misgav Am hostage crisis
1380:Sosland, Jeffrey (2007)
1259:Hutchinson, E.H. (1958)
678:The attack began with a
671:, who at the time was a
585:According to the former
406:attacked the village of
375:Negev desert road ambush
197:69 Palestinian civilians
2807:IsraelâPalestine crisis
2658:Bringing Home the Goods
1997:Guardians of the Cedars
564:, had asked for police
449:following onset of the
394:, an Israeli so-called
313:Ma'ale Akrabim massacre
88:Qibya massacre (Israel)
27:Infobox civilian attack
20:
3401:1953 murders in Israel
3224:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
3144:GazaâJericho Agreement
3026:Tripartite Declaration
2649:Ain es Saheb airstrike
2530:South Lebanon conflict
1757:Cave of the Patriarchs
1458:"Uri Avnery Biography"
989:Byman, Daniel (2011).
936:. Norton. p. 91.
825:
804:
795:
778:
750:National Water Carrier
706:International reaction
343:Operation Olive Leaves
154:; 70 years ago
32:considered for merging
3272:John Kerry Parameters
2945:Churchill White Paper
2911:SykesâPicot Agreement
2467:Coastal Road massacre
2088:Arab Higher Committee
1977:Arab Liberation Front
1920:Palestinian Authority
1818:ArabâIsraeli conflict
1775:Nuseirat refugee camp
1575:10536/DRO/DU:30095095
1338:9 August 2007 at the
1238:Morris, Benny (1993)
1054:Benny Morris (1999).
820:
818:(1987) Sharon wrote:
799:
790:
770:
461:consisted of unarmed
323:Operation Black Arrow
213:Israel Defense Forces
152:October 14, 1953
133:31.97750°N 35.00972°E
3254:Annapolis Conference
3248:UNSC Resolution 1701
3238:UNSC Resolution 1850
3220:UNSC Resolution 1583
3214:UNSC Resolution 1566
3210:UNSC Resolution 1559
3160:Wye River Memorandum
3016:Armistice agreements
2773:Gaza border protests
2695:GazaâIsrael conflict
2407:Lod Airport massacre
2240:United Arab Republic
2183:United Arab Emirates
2093:Arab Liberation Army
1464:on 3 September 2007.
974:Israel's Border Wars
930:Shlaim, Avi (1999).
641:Qibya 1945 1:250,000
463:Palestinian refugees
274:Palestinian Fedayeen
232:Retaliation for the
3097:UNSC Resolution 497
3091:UNSC Resolution 478
3085:UNSC Resolution 452
3072:UNSC Resolution 446
3062:UNSC Resolution 425
3056:UNSC Resolution 350
3046:UNSC Resolution 339
3042:UNSC Resolution 338
3032:Khartoum Resolution
3020:Lausanne Conference
2969:MorrisonâGrady Plan
2939:San Remo conference
2917:Balfour Declaration
2789:GazaâIsrael clashes
2781:GazaâIsrael clashes
2556:Mothers' Bus attack
2133:Revolutionary Cells
1594:United Nations text
1531:Israel Army Lexicon
1432:Avi Shlaim (2001).
904:Ganin, Zvi (2005),
746:Bnot Ya'akov Bridge
723:UN Security Council
684:Bangalore torpedoes
629:Qibya 1944 1:20,000
492:(FalÄma, Falamya),
455:1949 armistice line
365:Ein Ofarim killings
129: /
3431:Explosions in 1953
3242:Quartet Principles
3176:Clinton Parameters
3066:Camp David Accords
2449:Savoy Hotel attack
2299:1948 Palestine war
2138:South Lebanon Army
2027:Muslim Brotherhood
1630:Massacres against
806:Israeli historian
729:and expressed the
396:reprisal operation
392:Operation Shoshana
138:31.97750; 35.00972
40:Operation Shoshana
3406:Massacres in 1953
3361:Conflicts in 1953
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3204:Geneva Initiative
3172:Camp David Summit
3132:Madrid Conference
3109:Reagan peace plan
3082:
2987:UN Partition Plan
2981:London Conference
2963:London Conference
2899:Damascus Protocol
2847:
2846:
2748:Pillar of Defense
2399:Sabena Flight 571
2365:Battle of Karameh
2284:Armed engagements
2248:
2247:
2146:
2145:
2118:Japanese Red Army
1873:Primary countries
1784:
1783:
1745:Sabra and Shatila
1443:978-0-141-03322-8
1301:Khalidi, Rashid.
1288:978-1-78022-752-8
1177:, 31 October 1965
1056:Righteous Victims
863:Defense Minister
383:
382:
338:Operation Volcano
328:Operation Elkayam
307:1954â55 incidents
291:Al-Hamma Incident
286:Early engagements
240:
239:
171:Palestinian Arabs
3443:
3292:Trump peace plan
3284:
3078:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2838:
2835:IsraelâHamas war
2830:
2826:Shield and Arrow
2820:
2810:
2802:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2765:Wave of violence
2760:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2644:
2636:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2585:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2499:
2480:
2470:
2462:
2452:
2444:
2441:Ma'alot massacre
2436:
2428:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2357:War of Attrition
2352:
2344:
2325:
2317:
2309:
2306:ArabâIsraeli War
2301:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2151:Other countries
1947:
1946:
1887:Egyptian Kingdom
1849:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1579:
1577:
1514:
1513:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1460:. Archived from
1454:
1448:
1447:
1429:
1423:
1422:ibid. APPENDIX 1
1412:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1349:
1343:
1330:
1324:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1272:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1236:
1230:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1200:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1070:
1069:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
996:
986:
977:
970:
961:
954:
948:
947:
927:
921:
920:
901:
774:Foreign Ministry
760:Israeli reaction
638:
626:
606:David Ben-Gurion
599:Defense Minister
390:occurred during
278:
266:
259:
252:
243:
242:
211:
210:
209:
162:
160:
155:
144:
143:
141:
140:
139:
134:
130:
127:
126:
125:
122:
83:
82:
76:
61:
37:
36:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3330:
3298:Abraham Accords
3282:
3276:
3119:
3101:1981â1982
2997:
2951:Peel Commission
2886:
2884:peace proposals
2880:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2805:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2745:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2633:Second Intifada
2631:
2620:
2613:Grapes of Wrath
2610:
2600:
2588:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2502:
2494:
2483:
2473:
2465:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2421:
2415:Munich massacre
2413:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2297:
2286:
2281:
2244:
2223:
2202:
2142:
2098:Black September
2076:
2017:Lebanese Forces
1938:
1934:Ba'athist Syria
1930:Syrian Republic
1875:and authorities
1874:
1868:
1867:
1853:
1820:
1815:
1785:
1780:
1645: (1947â48)
1643:Balad al-Shaykh
1634:
1628:
1592:, text at JVL.
1586:
1548:
1546:Further reading
1523:
1518:
1517:
1486:
1482:
1473:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1430:
1426:
1414:As reported by
1413:
1409:
1400:
1396:
1379:
1375:
1367:Stephen Green,
1366:
1362:
1350:
1346:
1340:Wayback Machine
1331:
1327:
1322:Wayback Machine
1313:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1273:
1269:
1258:
1254:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1219:
1207:
1203:
1199:, pp 90â93
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1073:
1066:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
987:
980:
971:
964:
955:
951:
944:
928:
924:
918:
902:
895:
890:
873:
842:
762:
708:
649:
642:
639:
630:
627:
502:Khirbet al-Deir
443:
384:
379:
333:Operation Egged
279:
275:
272:
270:
207:
205:
179:
158:
156:
153:
137:
135:
131:
128:
123:
120:
118:
116:
115:
91:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:
64:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3449:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3351:1953 in Israel
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3234:
3216:
3206:
3200:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3022:
3012:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:Diplomacy and
2879:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2856:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2821:
2811:
2803:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2743:
2738:Returning Echo
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2691:
2683:
2673:
2663:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2603:Accountability
2598:
2586:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2548:First Intifada
2544:
2534:
2526:
2522:Bus 300 affair
2518:
2510:
2500:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2463:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2391:Yom Kippur War
2387:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2219:United Nations
2216:
2214:European Union
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:United Kingdom
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:al-Mourabitoun
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:Ba'athist Iraq
1898:
1893:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1703:Arab al-Mawasi
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:External links
1582:
1581:
1580:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1533:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1496:(2): 295â324.
1480:
1474:Benny Morris,
1467:
1449:
1442:
1424:
1407:
1401:Livia Rokach,
1394:
1373:
1360:
1352:New York Times
1344:
1325:
1307:
1294:
1287:
1267:
1252:
1231:
1217:
1201:
1188:
1179:
1174:Jerusalem Post
1165:
1148:
1129:
1120:
1094:
1071:
1064:
1046:
1036:
1030:. p. 91.
1011:
978:
972:Benny Morris,
962:
956:Benny Morris,
949:
942:
922:
916:
892:
891:
889:
886:
885:
884:
879:
872:
869:
841:
838:
761:
758:
754:Sea of Galilee
727:Resolution 101
719:Resolution 100
707:
704:
696:Rashid Khalidi
648:
645:
644:
643:
640:
633:
631:
628:
621:
442:
439:
433:regarding the
388:Qibya massacre
381:
380:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
349:1956 incidents
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
318:Qibya massacre
315:
304:
303:
298:
296:Beit Jala raid
293:
284:
281:
280:
269:
268:
261:
254:
246:
238:
237:
230:
226:
225:
221:
220:
203:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
180:
177:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
150:
146:
145:
113:
107:
106:
97:
93:
92:
87:
78:
77:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
42:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3448:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3279:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2979:1946â47
2978:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2816:Breaking Dawn
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2678:Autumn Clouds
2674:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:Samu incident
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2323:
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1980:
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1945:
1943:Organizations
1941:
1935:
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1901:Iraqi Kingdom
1899:
1897:
1894:
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1882:All-Palestine
1880:
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1864:Organizations
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1197:The Iron Wall
1192:
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1144:
1143:"S/636/Rev.1"
1138:
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1124:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1089:"S/635/Rev.1"
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
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1065:0-679-42120-3
1061:
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1037:0-393-32112-6
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613:Moshe Sharett
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3356:Ariel Sharon
3240: /
3230: /
3226: /
3222: /
3212: /
3196: /
3174: /
3146: /
3138:Oslo Accords
3083: /
3074: /
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3044: /
3034: /
3018: /
2925: /
2825:
2815:
2797:
2747:
2737:
2703:
2677:
2668:Summer Rains
2667:
2657:
2612:
2602:
2592:(1993â2008;
2581:Bramble Bush
2580:
2538:
2504:
2475:
2457:
2423:
2381:
2235:Soviet Union
1925:Saudi Arabia
1777: (2024)
1765: (2023)
1759: (1994)
1753: (1990)
1747: (1982)
1741: (1976)
1735: (1956)
1729: (1956)
1723: (1956)
1717: (1953)
1714:
1711: (1948)
1705: (1948)
1699: (1948)
1693: (1948)
1687: (1948)
1681: (1948)
1675: (1948)
1669: (1948)
1663: (1948)
1657: (1948)
1651: (1948)
1632:Palestinians
1557:
1535:
1530:
1527:Ze'ev Schiff
1493:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1470:
1462:the original
1452:
1433:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1384:SUNY Press,
1381:
1376:
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1234:
1226:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1195:Avi Shlaim,
1191:
1182:
1172:
1168:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1097:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1023:
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
992:
973:
957:
952:
932:
925:
906:
865:Pinhas Lavon
862:
858:
854:
846:Daniel Byman
843:
833:HaOlam HaZeh
831:
826:
821:
815:
813:
805:
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771:
763:
740:
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730:
716:
709:
700:
677:
669:Ariel Sharon
653:Vagn Bennike
650:
602:Pinhas Lavon
597:
586:
584:
571:Mount Scopus
542:
534:Tirat Yehuda
482:
468:
453:. Along the
444:
431:
427:Yehud attack
420:
416:
404:Ariel Sharon
391:
387:
385:
348:
347:
317:
306:
305:
301:Yehud attack
285:
234:Yehud attack
223:Ariel Sharon
202:Perpetrators
45:Part of the
25:
18:
3188:Taba Summit
2957:White Paper
2837:(2023â2024)
2767:(2015â2016)
2715:(2008â2009)
2707:(2007â2008)
2687:Lebanon War
2635:(2000â2005)
2550:(1987â1993)
2514:Lebanon War
2427:(1972â1979)
2375:(1968â1982)
2359:(1967â1970)
2349:Six-Day War
2322:Suez Crisis
2316:(1949â1956)
2308:(1948â1949)
2178:North Korea
1972:Arab League
1861:Authorities
1771: (2024
1673:Al-Dawayima
1649:Deir Yassin
1278:Moshe Dayan
1250:. Page 246.
1209:Donald Neff
593:Donald Neff
566:bloodhounds
562:Glubb Pasha
530:Beit Nabala
178:Attack type
136: /
111:Coordinates
21:âš The
3345:Categories
3324:2022
3296:2020
3290:2019
3270:2016
3264:2013
3258:2010
3252:2007
3246:2006
3236:2006
3218:2005
3208:2004
3202:2003
3192:2002
3186:2001
3180:2000
3170:2000
3164:1999
3158:1998
3152:1995
3142:1994
3136:1993
3130:1991
3113:1983
3107:1982
3095:1981
3089:1980
3070:1979
3060:1978
3050:1974
3040:1973
3030:1967
3024:1950
3014:1949
3008:1948
2991:1948
2985:1947
2975:Bevin Plan
2973:1947
2967:1946
2961:1939
2955:1939
2949:1937
2943:1922
2937:1920
2931:1919
2921:1918
2915:1917
2909:1916
2903:1915
2897:1914
2891:Background
2798:Black Belt
2704:Hot Winter
2564:Tunis raid
2539:Wooden Leg
1896:Hamas Gaza
1751:Oyoun Qara
1727:Khan Yunis
1721:Kafr Qasim
1661:Abu Shusha
1540:'s Diaries
1160:"S/PV.630"
1020:Avi Shlaim
1004:14 October
888:References
828:Uri Avnery
808:Avi Shlaim
782:Ben-Gurion
647:The attack
550:Green Line
510:Wadi Fukin
441:Background
276:insurgency
159:1953-10-14
124:35°00â˛35âłE
121:31°58â˛39âłN
3124:1991â2016
3103:Fahd Plan
3002:1948â1983
2625:2000â2021
2488:1980â1999
2333:1960â1979
2291:1947â1959
2067:as-Sa'iqa
2007:Hezbollah
1957:Abu Nidal
1858:Countries
1510:155047014
1281:. Orion.
657:battalion
580:Jerusalem
538:Kfar Hess
526:Beit Arif
498:Qalqiliya
472:West Bank
459:West Bank
423:West Bank
412:West Bank
104:West Bank
30:is being
3198:Road map
2757:Gaza War
2713:Gaza War
1891:Republic
1336:Archived
1318:Archived
1113:2 August
1107:Archived
1022:(2001).
871:See also
850:fedayeen
665:Unit 101
578:flew to
522:fedayeen
400:Unit 101
218:Unit 101
187:dynamite
96:Location
49:and the
34:. âş
23:template
3283:present
3182:Isratin
2697:(2006â)
2643:(2001â)
2458:Entebbe
2424:Bayonet
2173:Morocco
2128:Palmach
2103:Haganah
2057:PFLP-GC
1697:Eilabun
1679:Tantura
1596:in PDF.
1521:Sources
840:Results
816:Warrior
725:passed
506:Qatanna
490:Falameh
410:in the
157: (
2829:(2023)
2819:(2022)
2809:(2021)
2801:(2019)
2791:(2019)
2783:(2018)
2775:(2018)
2759:(2014)
2751:(2012)
2741:(2012)
2731:(2011)
2723:(2010)
2689:(2006)
2681:(2006)
2671:(2006)
2661:(2006)
2651:(2003)
2616:(1996)
2606:(1993)
2584:(1992)
2574:(1991)
2566:(1988)
2558:(1988)
2542:(1985)
2532:(1985)
2524:(1984)
2516:(1982)
2508:(1981)
2498:(1980)
2479:(1978)
2476:Litani
2469:(1978)
2461:(1976)
2451:(1975)
2443:(1974)
2435:(1973)
2417:(1972)
2409:(1972)
2401:(1972)
2393:(1973)
2385:(1968)
2367:(1968)
2351:(1967)
2343:(1966)
2324:(1956)
2163:Kuwait
2158:France
2081:Former
2012:Kataeb
1950:Active
1915:Jordan
1910:Israel
1709:Sa'sa'
1691:Saliha
1685:Safsaf
1508:
1440:
1388:
1371:. p.80
1358:, p.87
1285:
1246:
1062:
1034:
940:
914:
692:Budrus
680:mortar
516:, and
494:Rantis
486:Latrun
229:Motive
194:Deaths
189:attack
183:Mortar
167:Target
3281:2019â
2505:Opera
2198:Yemen
2168:Libya
2113:Irgun
2002:Hamas
1992:Fatah
1769:Flour
1733:Rafah
1715:Qibya
1667:Lydda
1506:S2CID
1416:Davar
1405:ibid.
688:mined
673:Major
576:Amman
546:Yehud
518:Surif
514:Idhna
451:Nakba
408:Qibya
100:Qibya
2594:list
2382:Gift
2123:Lehi
2052:PFLP
1987:DFLP
1962:Amal
1932:and
1903:and
1889:and
1438:ISBN
1392:p 70
1386:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1115:2007
1060:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1006:2014
938:ISBN
912:ISBN
786:raid
588:Time
536:and
386:The
185:and
149:Date
2042:PLO
2037:PLF
2032:PIJ
1570:hdl
1562:doi
1498:doi
661:IDF
3347::
1568:.
1556:.
1529:,
1504:.
1494:31
1492:.
1211:,
1151:^
1132:^
1105:.
1074:^
1040:.
1026:.
999:22
981:^
965:^
896:^
560:,
532:,
528:,
512:,
508:,
500:,
496:,
488:,
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102:,
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1623:e
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1578:.
1572::
1564::
1512:.
1500::
1446:.
1291:.
1117:.
1068:.
1008:.
946:.
265:e
258:t
251:v
161:)
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