373:
168:
260:
550:
66:
25:
485:, a partnership between Northeast Utilities (75%) and NSTAR (25%). Estimated to cost US$ 1.1 billion to build, it was projected that the line would either run in existing right-of-way adjacent to the HVDC line that runs through New Hampshire, or it would have connected to a right-of-way in northern New Hampshire that runs through the
527:
Construction of the New
England Clean Energy Connect, a similar project, started in February 2021. Massachusetts pursues it as an option to bring Canadian hydropower through transmission lines in Maine, estimated to cost $ 1 billion. The citizens of Maine voted in a
492:
In order to go ahead, the project needed to receive regulatory approval in Quebec and the United States. The proposed transmission line could have been in operation in 2015. According to Jim Robb, a senior executive from
Northeast Utilities,
843:
792:
400:
in
Massachusetts. The transmission power was increased by extending the existing converter stations to 2,000 megawatts, with the value of the transmission voltage remaining unchanged at ±450 kV. For the connection of the
1832:
of New
Hampshire expressed opposition to the new line, saying that it would benefit Connecticut and Massachusetts residents more than those in New Hampshire, and expressing concerns about the flooding of
1182:
504:
In
October 2010, Northeast Utilities announced that it would merge with NSTAR. In effect, Northern Pass Transmission would have become a wholly owned subsidiary of Northeast Utilities, which was renamed
1691:
1536:
1126:
1010:
737:
1488:
1078:
962:
1731:
683:
1273:
637:
911:
1417:
2474:
2723:
2415:
2324:
519:
In July 2019, Eversource issued a statement that the
Northern Pass project was now "off the table" after investing $ 318 million over a decade to develop and promote the project.
1935:
2517:
2452:
2708:
571:
83:
38:
361:
line, which is overhead for its whole length except the crossing of Saint
Lawrence river, went into service in 1986. It could transfer a maximum power of 690
1954:
406:
1895:
489:. This 180-to-190-mile (290 to 310 km) line, projected to carry 1,200 megawatts, would have brought electricity to approximately one million homes.
2258:
2134:
1377:
1331:
130:
102:
2427:
2031:
2535:
2221:
221:
109:
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2583:
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2006:
1980:
1900:
425:
116:
2316:
2190:
2659:
44:
98:
513:
2400:
2664:
1881:
also oppose expansion of the line. Some of the incumbent power companies in New
England oppose it, while other companies favor it.
536:
ruled the retroactive revocation of the permit was unconstitutional, but remanded the case to lower courts for more consideration.
2339:
2597:
EIS-0103: Final
Environmental Impact Statement - New England/Hydro-Quebec 450-kV Direct Current Transmission Line Interconnection
1933:
248:
1862:
243:
2628:
EIS-0129: Final
Environmental Impact Statement - New England/Hydro-Quebec 450 kV Transmission Line Interconnection - Phase II
1820:
radio, stated that the attack had been carried out to "denounce the 'pillaging' of Quebec's resources by the United States".
2509:
2494:
2362:
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2058:
357:
which, because of the asynchronous operation of the American and Québec power grids, had to be implemented as HVDC. This
238:
326:
2622:
2591:
498:
123:
2553:
1858:
1854:
1797:
597:
203:
149:
52:
579:
481:. Hydro-Québec would have owned the segment within Quebec, while the segment within the US would have been owned by
2728:
358:
341:
Initially, the Quebec – New England Transmission consisted of the 172 kilometres (107 mi) section between the
1857:
officials oppose the construction of the expanded transmission line. Elected representatives from New Hampshire's
1793:
486:
1958:
1801:
329:
system, completed in the same year) and is "the only multi-terminal bipole HVDC system in the world where three
2713:
2286:
1905:
1842:
1806:
1613:
575:
532:
to revoke the project's permit, forcing a halt to construction which was already underway. In August 2022, the
417:
392:, Massachusetts — specifically, by 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) to the north toward the converter station at
87:
2243:
2142:
1593:
1319:
2686:
441:
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2035:
1369:
302:
233:
2626:
2595:
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2010:
2738:
2084:
2718:
2495:"SHAHEEN STATEMENT ON NORTHERN PASS ANNOUNCEMENT | U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire"
1603:
1323:
1812:
1672:
1583:
1236:
560:
474:
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2374:
1834:
1655:
564:
478:
76:
2416:
The Globe and Mail: "Quebec is facing its own 'dirty' energy export problem", November 26, 2015.
1923:
1633:
903:
533:
529:
350:
330:
268:
2200:
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1792:, a tower along the Quebec–New England Transmission circuit in the Eastern Townships near the
1365:
1265:
389:
354:
835:
421:
380:
The line was planned to extend beyond the two terminals at Des Cantons and Comerford to the
2363:
Maine's high court rules that voter referendum blocking power corridor was unconstitutional
1866:
779:
413:
2475:"Pursuing energy alternatives does not require accepting Northern Pass - the Boston Globe"
376:
Sandy Pond converter station in Ayer, MA. The HVDC line can be seen near top of the image.
8:
2398:
1409:
724:
469:(parent company of Boston Edison), created a joint venture to build a new HVDC line from
439:—portions of one of these towers would later be used as part of the observation tower at
397:
393:
314:
264:
2533:
181:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2687:
Bonneville Power Administration: Schematics of Quebec - New England Transmission system
2639:
2608:
2577:
1643:
1232:
372:
1688:
Quebec – New England Transmission has two grounding electrodes: one at Des Cantons at
2549:
2237:
2195:
1870:
1837:
during the construction of Hydro-Québec's dams in northern Quebec, disputes with the
1578:
1227:
784:
506:
462:
436:
385:
2510:"Avangrid, NextEra duke it out over a 145-mile transmission line in the Maine woods"
2062:
2691:
2679:
2479:
1170:
730:
629:
306:
2317:"NextEra is blocking a major new clean power transmission project - BNN Bloomberg"
2404:
2294:
1939:
1480:
1314:
1223:
1174:
1070:
954:
470:
466:
346:
1890:
458:
2542:
Radisson - Nicolet -Des Cantons ±450 kV Direct Current Transmission Line Projet
1878:
1785:
1782:
409:
was put into service in 1992 with a transmission capacity of 2,000 megawatts.
259:
2702:
1874:
1747:
1733:
1707:
1693:
1552:
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1504:
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1080:
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978:
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927:
913:
859:
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753:
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685:
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639:
433:
388:, in the James Bay region of Québec, and to the high consumption area around
381:
318:
2537:
Projet de ligne à courant continu à ±450 kV Radisson - Nicolet - Des Cantons
2548:. Rapport d'enquête et d'audience publique N° 22 (in French). Quebec City.
1848:
1464:
Route listed here reflects the primary route, and is currently projected.
501:
commitments with the hydropower coming through this new power line alone.
1981:"National Grid and ABB Celebrate 25th Anniversary of HVDC in New England"
1841:
First Nations, and the effects on tourism and the environment within the
1829:
1623:
494:
2109:
446:
2428:"Officials Who Oppose the Northern Pass Project - No to Northern Pass"
333:
are interconnected and operate under a common master control system".
549:
224:
65:
402:
366:
362:
2675:
Bonneville Power Administration: Quebec - New England Transmission
512:
The purchase of power from Hydro-Québec was an issue during the
1789:
342:
310:
429:
1796:
was damaged by explosive charges detonated at its base. The
1838:
1817:
2375:"Northern Pass: Project Route Map, as of October 14, 2010"
2056:
1861:
have expressed opposition, including 114 officials in the
477:, with an HVDC converter terminal intended to be built in
2534:
Bureau d'audiences publiques sur l'environnement (1987).
2287:"Eversource gives up on Northern Pass hydropower project"
833:
Southern Cable Terminal of Saint Lawrence River Crossing,
2724:
Electric power transmission systems in the United States
2665:
Pictures of the Quebec - New England line in New England
1728:
and the other near Radisson substation approximately at
871:
Southern Cable Terminal of Saint Lawrence River Crossing
820:
Northern Cable Terminal of Saint Lawrence River Crossing
465:(parent company of Public Service of New Hampshire) and
16:
HVDC transmission system in Canada and the United States
2621:
2590:
1849:
2011-Present: Local government and community opposition
2340:"Mainers vote to halt $ 1B electric transmission line"
2165:"Energy project unveiled; impact called 'staggering'"
1823:
1263:
Frank D. Comerford Dam / Comerford converter station,
522:
428:. Until the tunnel was built, the line crossed the
325:HVDC systems in the world (the other one being the
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
452:
2453:"Carol Shea-Porter's newsletter to New Hampshire"
2700:
2224:. Archived from the original on October 20, 2010
2061:. Northern Pass Transmission LLC. Archived from
678:Radisson Grounding Electrode ( not at main line)
2222:"NStar and Northeast Utilities agree to merger"
396:, and to the south to the converter station at
1896:Hydro-Québec's electricity transmission system
1800:reported that a message, purportedly from the
2709:Electric power transmission systems in Canada
2280:
2278:
2191:"U.S. calls power line a landmark investment"
1869:. United States Congressional Representative
1853:A coalition of New Hampshire communities and
282:Réseau multiterminal à courant continu (RMCC)
263:450kV HVDC line (at right), on south side of
2199:. Saint John, NB. p. C1. Archived from
1901:Saint Lawrence River HVDC Powerline Crossing
514:Massachusetts gubernatorial election of 2010
2259:"Canadian firm offers N.E. more hydropower"
1776:
1459:
1052:
578:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2660:The HVDC Transmission Québec - New England
2644:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2613:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2582:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2275:
1577:Border crossing between USA and Canada /
2110:"New Transmission Line Reaches Milestone"
885:
598:Learn how and when to remove this message
321:. As of 2012, it remains one of only two
295:circuit, and known in New England as the
204:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
2162:
1363:New Hampshire / Massachusetts state line
371:
258:
2507:
2501:
2082:
1683:
2701:
2284:
2132:
2107:
1949:
1947:
1863:New Hampshire House of Representatives
1167:Border crossing between USA and Canada
613:
2520:from the original on 26 October 2021.
2337:
2256:
2188:
405:area, a further converter station at
2314:
2024:
1999:
1247:
576:adding citations to reliable sources
543:
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
2135:"Utilities plan for N.E. expansion"
2057:Northern Pass Transmission (2010).
1944:
279:(officially known in Quebec as the
99:"Quebec – New England Transmission"
13:
2508:Howland, Ethan (26 October 2021).
2133:Porter, Louis (19 December 2008).
1824:2015: Sierra Club of New Hampshire
1210:HVDC crossing of USA-Canada border
499:Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
327:Sardinia–Corsica–Italy
14:
2750:
2653:
2634:. DOE/EIS-0129F. Washington, D.C.
2603:. DOE/EIS-0103F. Washington, D.C.
2085:"NStar to build hydro power line"
1653:Southern HVDC Converter Terminal,
610:Important waypoints of the line.
277:Quebec – New England Transmission
267:east of the Nicolet station near
34:This article has multiple issues.
2327:from the original on 2021-05-22.
548:
523:New England Clean Energy Connect
497:could have met one third of its
461:, along with American utilities
365:. The operating voltage was ±450
359:bipolar electricity transmission
292:Radisson - Nicolet - Des Cantons
166:
64:
23:
2527:
2487:
2467:
2445:
2420:
2409:
2392:
2367:
2356:
2331:
2308:
2250:
2214:
2182:
2156:
2126:
1719:Des Cantons Grounding Electrode
1564:Des Cantons Grounding Electrode
1529:Des Cantons Grounding Electrode
1154:Des Cantons Grounding Electrode
1119:Des Cantons Grounding Electrode
1038:Des Cantons Grounding Electrode
1003:Des Cantons Grounding Electrode
765:Crossing of Saint-Maurice River
453:Failed Northern Pass initiative
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
2285:Brooks, David (26 July 2019).
2163:Constant, Kenny (2010-10-13).
2101:
2076:
2050:
2034:. Hydro-Québec. Archived from
1973:
1927:
1917:
1906:Champlain Hudson Power Express
1843:White Mountain National Forest
1614:North Woodstock, New Hampshire
483:Northern Pass Transmission LLC
1:
2189:Penty, Rebecca (2009-11-14).
1911:
1771:
1594:Northumberland, New Hampshire
1516:Des Cantons converter station
1106:Des Cantons converter station
990:Des Cantons converter station
369:or 900 kV from line to line.
2338:Sharp, Steven (2021-11-02).
2083:Alspach, Kyle (2010-10-05).
1802:Résistance internationaliste
1759:Radisson Grounding Electrode
1665:Oak Hill, New Hampshire, USA
711:Radisson Grounding Electrode
7:
2108:Dillon, John (2010-10-08).
1884:
1370:Tyngsborough, Massachusetts
1301:Comerford converter station
778:Northern Cable Terminal of
303:high-voltage direct current
249:GPX (secondary coordinates)
10:
2755:
2670:Northern Pass Transmission
2257:Daley, Beth (2010-10-23).
665:Radisson converter station
336:
2315:Wade, Will (2021-05-20).
2242:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1938:November 3, 2014, at the
1604:Whitefield, New Hampshire
1393:42.6995750°N 71.4293750°W
1347:42.8950667°N 71.4595556°W
1324:Litchfield, New Hampshire
939:Nicolet converter station
244:GPX (primary coordinates)
219:Map all coordinates using
175:This article needs to be
1781:In 2004, shortly before
1777:2004 Hydro tower bombing
1673:Deerfield, New Hampshire
1584:Pittsburg, New Hampshire
1460:Des Cantons to Deerfield
1237:Littleton, New Hampshire
1053:Des Cantons to Comerford
539:
475:Deerfield, New Hampshire
227:Download coordinates as:
2729:HVDC transmission lines
2623:US Department of Energy
2592:US Department of Energy
2403:March 14, 2007, at the
2089:Boston Business Journal
1656:Franklin, New Hampshire
1531:Windsor, Quebec, Canada
1398:42.6995750; -71.4293750
1352:42.8950667; -71.4595556
1121:Windsor, Quebec, Canada
1005:Windsor, Quebec, Canada
479:Franklin, New Hampshire
2169:The Citizen of Laconia
1985:T&D World Magazine
1828:In November 2015, the
1813:Le Journal de Montréal
1634:Ashland, New Hampshire
1445:Ayer converter station
904:Sainte-Eulalie, Quebec
886:Nicolet to Des Cantons
534:Supreme Court of Maine
377:
351:Frank D. Comerford Dam
272:
269:Sainte-Eulalie, Quebec
2714:Energy in New England
2457:thisweekinraymond.com
2009:. ABB. Archived from
1961:on September 29, 2005
1865:and 5 members of the
1748:53.48833°N 77.79306°W
1708:45.60806°N 71.85167°W
1553:45.60806°N 71.85167°W
1505:45.56222°N 71.95028°W
1434:42.57028°N 71.52417°W
1366:Hudson, New Hampshire
1290:44.31917°N 71.99306°W
1266:Monroe, New Hampshire
1199:45.01111°N 71.73667°W
1143:45.60806°N 71.85167°W
1095:45.56222°N 71.95028°W
1027:45.60806°N 71.85167°W
979:45.56222°N 71.95028°W
928:46.07972°N 72.24944°W
860:46.59333°N 71.97194°W
809:46.62556°N 72.01417°W
754:47.34778°N 72.79917°W
700:53.48833°N 77.79306°W
654:53.72583°N 77.73806°W
412:The line crosses the
375:
355:Monroe, New Hampshire
313:and Westford Road in
301:) is a long-distance
262:
239:GPX (all coordinates)
2114:Vermont Public Radio
2065:on December 20, 2010
1867:New Hampshire Senate
1684:Grounding electrodes
1646:, New Hampshire, USA
1626:, New Hampshire, USA
1478:Des Cantons station,
1068:Des Cantons station,
952:Des Cantons station,
780:Saint Lawrence River
572:improve this section
442:La Cité de l'Énergie
414:Saint Lawrence River
384:power plants of the
305:(HVDC) line between
84:improve this article
2059:"Route Information"
1987:. November 20, 2015
1753:53.48833; -77.79306
1743: /
1713:45.60806; -71.85167
1703: /
1558:45.60806; -71.85167
1548: /
1510:45.56222; -71.95028
1500: /
1439:42.57028; -71.52417
1429: /
1410:Ayer, Massachusetts
1389: /
1343: /
1295:44.31917; -71.99306
1285: /
1204:45.01111; -71.73667
1194: /
1148:45.60806; -71.85167
1138: /
1100:45.56222; -71.95028
1090: /
1032:45.60806; -71.85167
1022: /
984:45.56222; -71.95028
974: /
933:46.07972; -72.24944
923: /
865:46.59333; -71.97194
855: /
814:46.62556; -72.01417
804: /
759:47.34778; -72.79917
749: /
725:Saint-Maurice River
705:53.48833; -77.79306
695: /
659:53.72583; -77.73806
649: /
614:Radisson to Nicolet
463:Northeast Utilities
394:Radisson Substation
2291:concordmonitor.com
1804:and issued to the
1644:Pemigewasset River
1233:Waterford, Vermont
836:Lotbinière, Quebec
457:In December 2008,
378:
287:Phase I / Phase II
285:and also known as
273:
2739:James Bay Project
2380:. Northernpass.us
2196:Telegraph-Journal
1871:Carol Shea-Porter
1681:
1680:
1579:Connecticut River
1457:
1456:
1248:Comerford to Ayer
1245:
1244:
1228:Connecticut River
1050:
1049:
883:
882:
785:Grondines, Quebec
608:
607:
600:
507:Eversource Energy
437:electricity pylon
386:La Grande Complex
214:
213:
206:
196:
195:
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
2746:
2719:Energy in Quebec
2692:Internet Archive
2680:Internet Archive
2649:
2643:
2635:
2633:
2618:
2612:
2604:
2602:
2594:(January 1984).
2587:
2581:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2558:. Archived from
2547:
2522:
2521:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2480:The Boston Globe
2471:
2465:
2464:
2459:. Archived from
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2430:. Archived from
2424:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2396:
2390:
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2248:
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2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:on April 8, 2011
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2141:. Archived from
2130:
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2105:
2099:
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2080:
2074:
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2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1957:. Archived from
1951:
1942:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1855:local government
1794:Canada–US border
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1754:
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1353:
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1187:
1171:Stanhope, Quebec
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919:
916:
901:Nicolet station,
890:
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731:La Tuque, Quebec
719:
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630:Radisson, Quebec
618:
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432:via an overhead
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2625:(August 1987).
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2497:. 27 June 2013.
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2145:on 15 June 2009
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1955:"Green Anarchy"
1953:
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1940:Wayback Machine
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1315:Merrimack River
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1103:
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593:
587:
584:
569:
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542:
530:2021 referendum
525:
487:White Mountains
471:Windsor, Quebec
455:
347:Windsor, Quebec
339:
257:
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210:
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2654:External links
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2486:
2466:
2463:on 2017-02-07.
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1886:
1883:
1879:Jeanne Shaheen
1850:
1847:
1835:boreal forests
1825:
1822:
1786:George W. Bush
1783:U.S. President
1778:
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2589:
2585:
2579:
2565:on 2016-03-04
2561:
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2555:2-550-17407-0
2551:
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2434:on 2017-02-07
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2198:
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2185:
2171:. Laconia, NH
2170:
2166:
2159:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2038:on 2008-01-13
2037:
2033:
2027:
2013:on 2013-01-15
2012:
2008:
2002:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1960:
1956:
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1930:
1924:
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1892:
1889:
1888:
1882:
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1876:
1875:Maggie Hassan
1873:and Senators
1872:
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1384:71°25′45.75″W
1381:42°41′58.47″N
1374:
1371:
1367:
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1361:
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1338:71°27′34.40″W
1335:42°53′42.24″N
1328:
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627:
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567:
566:
562:
557:This section
555:
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531:
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438:
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434:lattice tower
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
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404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:hydroelectric
374:
370:
368:
364:
360:
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348:
345:station near
344:
334:
332:
328:
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319:Massachusetts
316:
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308:
304:
300:
299:
298:Northern Pass
294:
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270:
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240:
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222:OpenStreetMap
220:
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111:
108:
104:
101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2734:Hydro-Québec
2689:
2677:
2627:
2596:
2567:. Retrieved
2560:the original
2541:
2536:
2528:Bibliography
2514:Utility Dive
2513:
2503:
2489:
2478:
2469:
2461:the original
2456:
2447:
2436:. Retrieved
2432:the original
2422:
2411:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2369:
2358:
2347:. Retrieved
2343:
2333:
2320:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2290:
2266:. Retrieved
2263:Boston Globe
2262:
2252:
2226:. Retrieved
2216:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:the original
2194:
2184:
2173:. Retrieved
2168:
2158:
2147:. Retrieved
2143:the original
2138:
2128:
2117:. Retrieved
2113:
2103:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:
2078:
2067:. Retrieved
2063:the original
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2036:the original
2026:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:the original
2001:
1991:November 29,
1989:. Retrieved
1984:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:the original
1929:
1919:
1891:Hydro-Québec
1852:
1827:
1811:
1805:
1788:'s visit to
1780:
1687:
1473:Coordinates
1463:
1258:Coordinates
1063:Coordinates
896:Coordinates
624:Coordinates
609:
594:
588:October 2014
585:
570:Please help
558:
526:
518:
511:
503:
491:
482:
459:Hydro-Québec
456:
440:
411:
379:
340:
322:
297:
296:
291:
290:
286:
281:
280:
276:
274:
265:Autoroute 20
226:
225:
218:
200:
184:
176:
146:
140:October 2014
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2228:October 18,
2032:"Crossings"
1859:10 counties
1830:Sierra Club
1751: /
1711: /
1624:Beebe River
1556: /
1508: /
1437: /
1396: /
1350: /
1293: /
1202: /
1146: /
1098: /
1030: /
982: /
931: /
863: /
812: /
757: /
703: /
657: /
495:New England
343:Des Cantons
2703:Categories
2569:2015-11-28
2438:2017-02-06
2384:26 October
2349:2021-11-03
2268:2010-10-24
2207:2009-11-14
2175:2010-10-13
2149:2009-05-09
2119:2010-10-12
2094:2010-10-12
2069:2010-10-13
2042:2008-02-15
2017:2009-11-11
1965:26 October
1912:References
1772:Opposition
1757: (
1738:77°47′35″W
1735:53°29′18″N
1717: (
1698:71°51′06″W
1695:45°36′29″N
1562: (
1543:71°51′06″W
1540:45°36′29″N
1514: (
1495:71°57′01″W
1492:45°33′44″N
1443: (
1424:71°31′27″W
1421:42°34′13″N
1299: (
1280:71°59′35″W
1208: (
1189:71°44′12″W
1186:45°00′40″N
1152: (
1133:71°51′06″W
1130:45°36′29″N
1104: (
1085:71°57′01″W
1082:45°33′44″N
1036: (
1017:71°51′06″W
1014:45°36′29″N
988: (
969:71°57′01″W
966:45°33′44″N
937: (
918:72°14′58″W
915:46°04′47″N
869: (
850:71°58′19″W
847:46°35′36″N
818: (
799:72°00′51″W
796:46°37′32″N
763: (
744:72°47′57″W
741:47°20′52″N
709: (
690:77°47′35″W
687:53°29′18″N
663: (
644:77°44′17″W
641:53°43′33″N
447:Shawinigan
422:Lotbinière
398:Sandy Pond
187:April 2020
110:newspapers
39:improve it
2640:cite book
2609:cite book
2578:cite book
2007:"Voltage"
1807:La Presse
1582:(west of
1277:44°19′9″N
1224:Moore Dam
1169:(east of
782:Crossing,
729:south of
559:does not
509:in 2015.
418:Grondines
363:megawatts
45:talk page
2518:Archived
2401:Archived
2325:Archived
2238:cite web
1936:Archived
1885:See also
1483:, Canada
1073:, Canada
957:, Canada
906:, Canada
838:, Canada
787:, Canada
632:, Canada
416:between
403:Montreal
349:and the
331:stations
307:Radisson
289:and the
2344:AP News
580:removed
565:sources
407:Nicolet
337:History
177:updated
124:scholar
2552:
2544:]
2300:30 May
1790:Canada
426:tunnel
424:via a
390:Boston
311:Quebec
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
2690:(via
2678:(via
2632:(PDF)
2601:(PDF)
2563:(PDF)
2546:(PDF)
2540:[
2378:(PDF)
1675:, USA
1658:, USA
1636:, USA
1616:, USA
1606:, USA
1596:, USA
1470:Site
1412:, USA
1372:, USA
1326:, USA
1268:, USA
1255:Site
1239:, USA
1060:Site
893:Site
621:Site
540:Sites
467:NSTAR
430:river
353:near
131:JSTOR
117:books
2646:link
2615:link
2584:link
2550:ISBN
2386:2014
2302:2020
2244:link
2230:2010
1993:2015
1967:2014
1877:and
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