678:
3834:
633:
397:; a captain named Radwan had been sent out on a foray with part of the army. He happened upon the enemy camp in such close quarters that they could neither protect themselves from a skirmish with the Ruthenians, nor fight with them, inasmuch as their numbers were so much smaller. But they all agreed it was better to fall dead on the spot than to encourage the enemy by fleeing. So with all their heart they sprang toward the Ruthenians, whose knights were daunted by this attack; but when they saw the small numbers against them, the Ruthenians grew bold, and not only took away their banner, but dispersed them as well. Captain Radwan, wishing to encourage his men to fight once more, rushed to a nearby church, where he seized the church's banner; he then gathered his men and courageously attacked the enemy. The Ruthenians took this to mean a new army with fresh troops had joined the battle, and began to retreat and flee. So Radwan's banner carried the day, and for this he received that church's banner for his shield, as well as other gifts.
463:
648:
663:
294:
708:
954:, Elisabeth did not repeat her enthusiastic support for Scharlitt's conjectures – perhaps they had become inopportune in rising German nationalism. She now wrote "Nicki" but nevertheless claimed that phonetically it would be "Niëzky" with three syllables; she changed (that is, forged) her brother's 1882 fragment (second quotation on top) from "etwa vor hundert Jahren" (about hundred years ago) to "vor mehr als hundert Jahren" (more than hundred years ago), but in the end said that she does not know anything for sure because "papers have been lost".
723:
693:
558:
758:
2320:
29:
2741:
742:
1449:... the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of Two Nations (from 1385 until the Third Partition of 1795) paralleled the Roman Empire in that -- whether we like it or not -- full rights of citizenship were limited to the governing elite, called szlachta in Polish ... It is not truly correct to consider the szlachta a class; they actually were more like a caste, the military caste, as in Hindu society.
894:"Und doch waren meine Vorfahren polnische Edelleute: ich habe von daher viel Rassen-Instinkte im Leibe, wer weiss? zuletzt gar noch das liberum veto. Denke ich daran, wie oft ich unterwegs als Pole angeredet werde und von Polen selbst, wie selten man mich für einen Deutschen nimmt, so könnte es scheinen, dass ich nur zu den angesprenkelten Deutschen gehörte."
163:
Pacek, Pakosławski, Pakoszewski, Parzanowski, Paskiewicz, Paszkiewicz, Paszkiewicz-Wojzbun, Paszkowski, Pawecki, Paweczki, Pawęcki, Pawędzki, Pelikant, Pełka, Pemperzyński, Pepeszyński, Petruszewski, Pęperski, Pieczątkowski, Pietraszewski, Pietruszewski, Piwkowicz, Plichciński, Plichczyński, Pławski,
924:" in which it was stated that a member of the family had to flee from Poland in 1716. In her 1895 retelling of the story, Förster-Nietzsche did not state clearly whether she thought it to be true or a family myth. Many Nietzsche biographies until today have used Förster-Nietzsche's book as a source.
1498:
The article highlights the role of Latin as the language of communication of the nobility living in Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth. At the beginning discusses the concept 'latinitas', which meant not only the correct Latin, but also pointed to the ideological content of antiquity passed through the
1058:
also published an article about this in 1937/1938 (see article on Oehler). Whereas one should remain sceptical about Oehler, who was a devote Nazi, Hans von Müller's text is clearly not written in favour of some Nazi ideology. But Oehler's and Müller's results are essentially identical, Oehler only
919:
discussed this, quoted the second statement above and told a longer version of the story, giving her aunts as a source. Also she says that not their great-grandfather (as
Friedrich had claimed), but their great-great-grandfather had travelled from Poland to Saxony; that this travel had lasted three
897:
transl.: "And yet my ancestors were Polish noblemen: it is owing to them that I have so much race instinct in my blood, who knows? perhaps even the liberum veto. When I think of how often I have been accosted as a Pole when traveling, even by Poles themselves, and how seldom I have been taken for a
2015:
In 1905, the Polish writer
Bernhard Scharlitt in the spirit of Polish patriotism wrote an article about the Nietzsche family. In Herbarz Polski, a genealogy of Polish nobility, he had come across a note about a family named 'Nicki', who could be traced back to Radwan. A member of this family named
946:
He wrote this to
Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, who quickly dismissed all her earlier conjectures, even the religious suppression so important to her brother, and also found "after thorough research" that in fact her brother had always written (two-syllable) "Nicki" and never the three-syllable form
931:
and was given the name
Gotthelf Engelbert some days later. His father, Nietzsche's great-great-grandfather, was named Christoph and had lived in Bibra since at least 1709. At that time, Müller could not find earlier evidence or the family birth name of Christoph Nietzsche's wife, but nevertheless
1723:
Jarosław Radwan Żądło Dąbrowski urodzil się 13 listopada 1836 roku Żytomierzu na Wołyniu. Rodzina Dąbrowskich wywodziła się z
Mazowsza, najprawdopodobniej ze wsi Dąbrówka pod Piasecznem w ziemi warszawskiej. Notują ją herbarze szlacheckie od XV wieku, ale była to zawsze szlachta dość uboga, w
935:
He was quite surprised when
Elisabeth published a harsh rejection of his essay and there stated that she "just sees from an old notebook" that the lost document had really put the events in 1706, not 1716. Although she accepted Müller's evidence, she found it mysterious why the family name of
127:
Kania, Karmański, Karski, Karwacki, Karwiński, Kawłok, Kieński, Kietorowski, Kieturowski, Kiskowski, Kissowski, Knabe, Kohałowski, Kokotek, Komar, Konaszewski, Kononowicz, Korabiewski, Kowalewski, Kowalowski, Krodzki, Krotki, Krotkiewicz, Krotkiewski, Krótki, Kryczyński, Krzymaski, Krzymuski,
76:
Babski, Bagieński, Banowski, Baran, Barański, Batogowski, Bądzkiewicz, Beniewicz, Benkiewicz, Benkowicz, Bęcki, Białobrzeski, Bieniewski, Bienkiewicz, Bieńkiewicz, Biernacki, Bilewicz, Bocewicz, Bochowicz, Bochwic, Bochwicz, Bogucki, Boleski, Borewicz, Borodzic, Borodzicz, Bradysz, Brandys,
820:
bearing the Radwan coat of arms. He often claimed his ancestors were Polish noblemen called either "Niëtzky" or "Niëzky," which was equated to the surname of the Polish family "Nicki" bearing the Radwan coat of arms. Gotard
Nietzsche, a member of the Nicki family, left Poland for
1059:
gives three more ancestors: Mattheß' father Hans
Nitzsche, born c. 1620–1630; Hans' father Elias Nitzsche, born c. 1600; and Elias' father, name unknown, born c. 1570, all in Burkau. Both Oehler and Müller did not exclude a Slavic origin of the family; however, Müller suggests
871:"Man hat mich gelehrt, die Herkunft meines Blutes und Namens auf polnische Edelleute zurückzuführen, welche Niëtzky hießen und etwa vor hundert Jahren ihre Heimat und ihren Adel aufgaben, unerträglichen religiösen Bedrückungen endlich weichend: es waren nämlich Protestanten."
1804:
and belonged to the "grassy Radwan." That is to say, they were nobles, they went to war under the banner of the Lord of Radwan, and had the right to bear his arms. My mother had the Radwan armorial bearings drawn for the
Dostoyevsky Museum at Moscow. I have seen them,
677:
943:, he found a small note about a family "Nicki" belonging to the Radwan coat of arms, and conjectured that some Gotard Nietzsche had migrated from Poland to Prussia c. 1632, and that his descendant Christoph Nietzsche in 1706 had merely changed Prussia with Saxony.
1004:
Gotthelf (or Gotthilf) Engelbert Nitzsche, born February 26, 1714, in Bibra, died September 21, 1804, in Bibra, succeeded his father as lower tax official); is from Christoph's first marriage, not from the second one as Müller had conjectured in 1898.
419:, to whom some authors ascribe its conferment on that aforementioned Radwan; or else that before the time of Bolesław Śmiały the Radwans used some other arms in their seal: for instance, that Radwan whom Paprocki gives as Bishop of Poznań in 1138.
178:
Semenowicz, Serny, Serwański, Serwiński, Skarzewski, Sławkowski, Słąka, Słonka, Słuszewski, Służewski, Sucharzewski, Stanchlewski, Stanczlewicz, Stanczlewski, Stanisławski, Stech, Stecki, Stojart, Suchożebrski, Szarawski, Szemrawski, Świszczewski
957:
What Scharlitt and Förster-Nietzsche did not know was that Hans von Müller after her strong rejection had abstained from an open debate, but had quietly pursued his research in old churchbooks, and that he was successful. His results are:
632:
85:
Chałański, Charwiński, Chełstowski, Chlewiński, Chlugwański, Chluski, Chłusewicz, Chłuski, Chmielewski, Chwediuszko, Cikowski, Cimochowicz, Coluszański, Czapka, Czapla, Czaplejewski, Czaplica, Czcik, Czcikowski, Czyliński, Czymbajewicz
1657:
1511:
874:
transl.: "I was taught to ascribe the origin of my blood and name to Polish noblemen who were called Niëtzky and left their home and nobleness about a hundred years ago, finally yielding to unbearable suppression: they were
1073:
Modern Nietzsche scholarship does not believe in the legend of noble Polish ancestry. For example, in the Colli-Montinari edition of Nietzsche's letters, the commentary on the above quoted letter to Brandes shortly notes:
3833:
171:
Rachwałowski, Radecki, Radłowski, Radwan, Radniecki, Radwaniecki, Radwanowski, Radwański, Radyński, Radziszewski, Rakowski, Rodziński, Rpiński, Rupiński, Rusiecki, Rusiłowicz, Rybalski, Rybicki, Rybiński, Rypiński
197:
Wiadrowski, Wierzbicki, Więcborski, Więckowicz, Wilam, Wilk, Wirski, Włodkiewicz, Wojdaliński, Wojdalski, Wojkunowski, Wojsławski, Wołągiewicz, Wołkunowski, Wołochowicz, Wołodkowicz, Woykunoski, Woysławski, Wytam
1499:
language of the ancient Romans. ... We studied Latin armorial 'Orbis Polonus' by Simon Okolski (Cracow 1641-1645). ... It concludes that Okolski consciously wrote his work in the language of the ancient Romans.
1737:
164:
Płużański, Podniesiński, Pokoszczewski, Pokoszewski, Połajewski, Połukord, Porażyński, Porutowicz, Powicki, Pragłowski, Prakowski, Prokowski, Proniewicz, Przychocki, Przydkowski, Przygodzki, Przypkowski
2543:
1614:
DĄBROWSCY h. RADWAN z Dąbrówki pod Piasecznem, w ziemi warszawskiej, w różnych stronach osiedli, przeważnie w ziemi rożańskiej. Przydomek ich "Żądło". Żyjący w połowie XV-go wieku Jakób z Dąbrówki, ...
932:
published his results. In a private talk with Elisabeth, he jokingly said that if the lost document had put the events in 1706, not 1716, there would at least have been a possibility of it being true.
2563:
927:
In 1898, Hans von Müller did some research concerning the Nietzsches' origins. He found that Nietzsche's great-grandfather was born on February 26, 1714 (8 o'clock in the morning) in the town of
155:
Obarzanowski, Obwarzanowski, Okęcki, Okęski, Okmiański, Okuszko, Oleszyński, Oleśnicki, Olszowski, Orzechowski, Oświecim, Oświecimski, Oświęcim, Owsieński, Owsiński, Oziembłowski, Oziębłowski
2399:
1683:
1537:
2364:
1481:
647:
2429:
2707:
1586:
Herbarz Polski - Część I.; Wiadomości Historyczno-Genealogiczne O Rodach Szlacheckich. (Polish Armorial - Part I .; Historical and Genealogical Information About Noble Lineages.)
1461:
1640:
1215:
462:
1858:
Nietzsche's ring ... it was worn by Friedrich Nietzsche and it represents the ancient Radwan coat of arms, which can be traced back to the Polish nobility of medieval times.
1052:
Hans von Müller wrote down the story of the legend and his results in a private manuscript between 1935 and 1937. The manuscript was published for the first time in 2002
2339:
140:
Magnuszewski, Malchiewski, Maliński, Małchiewski, Małkiewicz, Małuszycki, Mamiński, Mazulewicz, Michałowski, Michnowicz, Miemczewski, Mioduski, Mioduszewski, Mironowicz
121:
Jakacki, Janewicz, Janowicz, Januszowski, Jarzębiński, Jasklecki, Jasklewski, Jaskułowski, Jastkowski, Jastowski, Jeziorkowski, Johanson, Józefowicz, Judycki, Jurkowski
2729:
2359:
2414:
2389:
939:
In 1905, a Polish writer named Bernhard Scharlitt began to take interest in Nietzsche's family history and wrote letters to Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. In the book
662:
2349:
2404:
2384:
2588:
3088:
411:, which information he is supposed to have taken from ancient royal grants. I conclude from this that either this clan sign is more ancient than the time of
2517:
2512:
2452:
1880:
HERBARZ POLSKI KASPRA NIESIECKIEGO S.J., POWIĘKSZONY DODATKAMI Z POŹNIEJSZYCH AUTORÓW, RĘKOPISMÓW, DOWODÓW URZĘDOWYCH I WYDANY PRZEZ JANA NEP. BOBROWICZA
1127:
HERBARZ POLSKI KASPRA NIESIECKIEGO S.J., POWIĘKSZONY DODATKAMI Z POŹNIEJSZYCH AUTORÓW, RĘKOPISMÓW, DOWODÓW URZĘDOWYCH I WYDANY PRZEZ JANA NEP. BOBROWICZA
1885:
POLISH ARMORIAL OF KASPER NIESIECKI S.J., ENLARGED BY ADDITIONS FROM OTHER AUTHORS, MANUSCRIPTS, OFFICIAL PROOFS AND PUBLISHED BY JAN NEP. BOBROWICZ.
1132:
POLISH ARMORIAL OF KASPER NIESIECKI S.J., ENLARGED BY ADDITIONS FROM OTHER AUTHORS, MANUSCRIPTS, OFFICIAL PROOFS AND PUBLISHED BY JAN NEP. BOBROWICZ.
2737:
2148:
Herbarz polski Kaspra Nisieeckigo S.J., i wydany przez Jana Nep. Bobrowicza (w Lipsku: nahl. i. dr. Breitkopfa I Haertela), Tom. VI. (1841), p. 532
1070:
and of Polish (but not noble) origin, and Christoph Niczky, of Hungarian nobility, both of whom were not further related to the family Nietzsche.
2522:
707:
2722:
2467:
2447:
980:
Christoph Nitzsche , first marriage in 1707 in Eckartsberga, living in Bibra at least since 1709, died January 5, 1739, lower tax official in
94:
Dadzibog, Dadzibóg, Dąbrowski, Desznowski, Dębski, Długi, Dobrosielski, Dostojewski, Dudkiewicz, Draczewski, Dziewulski, Dzlistrowicz, Drozda
2507:
2457:
3849:
2286:
1066:
As a possible source for the family myth Nietzsche's aunts believed in, Müller suggests Adam Nietzki (1714–1780), professor of medicine in
2462:
359:), parts of the Mazovian feudal elite; however, many branches of the Radwans never transcended the status of middle and lesser nobility.
2538:
363:"In Poland, the Radwanice were noted relatively early (1274) as the descendants of Radwan, a knight active a few decades earlier. ..."
2578:
2497:
2028:
1485:
768:
2715:
2492:
1313:
1430:
2502:
2482:
1344:
883:"Meine Vorfahren waren polnische Edelleute (Niëzky); es scheint, dass der Typus gut erhalten ist, trotz dreier deutschen "Mütter"."
722:
3408:
886:
transl.: "My ancestors were Polish noblemen (Niëzky); it seems that the type is well preserved in spite of three German "mothers""
1288:
1264:
1181:
312:
The most ancient seal dates from 1443 and the first record from 1409. This coat of arms was widespread mainly in the regions of
1250:, 1999), Spring/Summer 1999, page 9, prepared from the classic heraldic reference "Herbarz Polski" (by Kasper Niesiecki, S. J.,
2477:
2472:
2354:
2487:
1757:
1462:"Latin as the Language of Social Communication of the Polish Nobility (Based on the Latin Heraldic Work by Szymon Okolski)"
947:"Niëzky". . Scharlitt was full of joy and published his conjectures and Elisabeth's letters in a Polish-patriotic article.
1740:[STEFAN TYTUS ZYGMUNT DĄBROWSKI (1877-1947) CREATOR OF BIOCHEMISTRY AT THE POZNAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES]
3874:
781:
638:
576:
471:
147:
Nabut, Nadarzyński, Nicki, Niebrzydowski, Nieciunski, Niegoszowski, Niedziałkowski, Niemczewski, Nieszporek, Niszczyński
2016:
Gotard Nietzsche had left Poland for Prussia, and his descendants had eventually settled in Saxony around the year 1700.
2746:
2220:
1978:
1929:
1821:
692:
1679:
1533:
102:
Fediuszko, Fiedziuszko, Filatkiewicz, Fokowicz, Folgierski, Folkierski, Folkiewicz, Frystacki, Frysztacki, Fulgierski
2548:
1793:
830:
800:
2279:
352:
3618:
2553:
2661:
500:
916:
3879:
2646:
3593:
534:
736:
204:
Zabielski, Zajdlicz, Załamaj, Zebrzydowski, Zejdlicz, Zembocki, Zębocki, Zielewicz, Zięcina, Żarski, Żądło
3778:
2379:
2334:
1025:
Friedrich August Ludwig Nitzsche (or Nietzsche), born January 29, 1756, in Bibra, died March 16, 1826, in
134:
Laszenko, Lenkiewicz, Leszczyński, Lodziński, Lubaski, Lubański, Lubawski, Ładziński, Łodziński, Łukawski
2641:
2272:
1566:
920:
years, and that their great-grandfather was born in this time. Also she recalled a lost document called "
515:
3568:
3358:
3193:
2978:
992:
Second marriage with Margaretha Elisabetha Schönermarckin , daughter of Ludwig Heinrich Schönermarck in
412:
390:
374:
3578:
2651:
1749:
1473:
1243:
3543:
3188:
3138:
3043:
2848:
2424:
2231:
1391:
128:
Krzystek, Krzyszczewski, Kubabski, Kulbacki, Kunaszewski, Kunaszowski, Kurcz, Kurzelewski, Kużelewski
115:
Hanuszewicz, Hejnik, Hluszanin, Hłuski, Homiczewski, Hordyna, Hrynkiewicz, Hubarewicz, Huk, Hukiewicz
3473:
3333:
3068:
2593:
1930:"KASPER NIESIECKI, HERBARZ POLSKI, WYD. J.N. BOBROWICZ, LIPSK 1839-1845: HERB RADWAN (T. 8 S. 27-29)"
1675:
1529:
1295:
1271:
293:
3548:
3403:
3283:
3028:
3008:
2973:
2928:
2394:
2369:
2344:
1238:-Suligowski, "Polish Heraldry" (WHITE EAGLE: Journal of the Polish Nobility Association Foundation:
668:
586:
281:: gules, a gonfannon ensigned of a cross in chief, and fringed in base, all or. Issuant of a helmet
3884:
3818:
3443:
3158:
2998:
2948:
2918:
2858:
2803:
2573:
2568:
2409:
974:
Christoph Nitzsche , baptized May 15, 1662, Burkau; married to Anna Grüner, daughter of Hanß Grüner
467:
3708:
3488:
3123:
2888:
2853:
2838:
2047:
1904:
1738:"STEFAN TYTUS ZYGMUNT DĄBROWSKI (1877-1947) TWÓRCA UNIWERSYTECKIEJ BIOCHEMII MEDYCZNEJ W POZNANIU"
1550:
The Dąbrowski family willingly engaged in rural life. In the picture: a festive harvest in nearby
1151:
416:
3869:
3643:
3638:
3288:
2958:
2943:
2913:
2843:
2768:
2598:
2583:
2212:
1998:
1925:
1874:
1841:
1121:
1036:
653:
581:
378:
309:
Radwan is among the most ancient coats of arms. Its origin traces to Polish and German nobility.
3803:
3603:
3208:
3078:
3063:
3018:
2968:
728:
480:
3788:
3718:
3693:
3628:
3528:
3318:
3253:
3238:
3178:
3168:
3103:
3083:
2898:
2833:
2808:
2419:
2374:
2309:
1718:
1660:[DĄBROWSKI MANOR/MANSION IN MICHAŁOWICE - New Life of the Manor/Mansion (Exhibition)].
1514:[DĄBROWSKI MANOR/MANSION IN MICHAŁOWICE - New Life of the Manor/Mansion (Exhibition)].
1374:
1166:
Mazowiecka elita feudalna późnego średniowiecza (Masovian Feudal Elite of the Late Middle Ages)
424:
3553:
3428:
3423:
3388:
2938:
2878:
1630:
1574:
1205:
3813:
3773:
3768:
3753:
3673:
3658:
3633:
3623:
3608:
3538:
3458:
3453:
3418:
3373:
3348:
3323:
3223:
3218:
3073:
3053:
2933:
2783:
2773:
1049:, from the second marriage and also a Lutheran pastor, born October 10, 1813, is well known.
1046:
904:
898:
German, it seems to me as if I belonged to those who have but a sprinkling of German in them.
776:
611:
546:
443:
436:
214:
3728:
3723:
3558:
3048:
2983:
2823:
1783:
1107:, Aisne department, Hauts-de-France region, FRANCE: Bibliothèque Albi Corvi, 1988), page 69.
504:
3808:
3783:
3738:
3733:
3678:
3598:
3573:
3523:
3513:
3483:
3448:
3413:
3363:
3328:
3313:
3308:
3298:
3293:
3278:
3263:
3213:
3173:
3153:
3133:
3118:
3093:
3038:
2993:
2953:
2923:
2908:
2903:
2883:
2863:
2813:
2788:
2682:
1609:
1406:
1386:
1067:
1009:
826:
713:
621:
616:
474:, Michałowice rural administrative district, Kraków county, Lesser Poland province, POLAND.
404:
77:
Branecki, Braniecki, Broniewicz, Buchowicz, Buchwic, Buchwicz, Bukomowicz, Bułczyn, Byczko
3148:
1321:
1039:, died Naumburg April 3, 1865 – Nietzsche knew her – married October 9, 1809, in Naumburg)
817:
8:
3823:
3798:
3793:
3763:
3758:
3748:
3713:
3703:
3688:
3663:
3583:
3518:
3478:
3463:
3438:
3393:
3378:
3368:
3343:
3303:
3273:
3268:
3248:
3243:
3228:
3198:
3183:
3143:
3098:
3058:
3003:
2988:
2873:
2868:
2818:
2798:
2763:
2216:
1441:
1235:
986:
First marriage with Johanna Christiana Büttner, daughter of Johann Dietrich Büttner from
813:
745:
451:
447:
3398:
3203:
2963:
1348:
860:"meine Vorfahren waren polnische Edelleute, noch die Mutter meines Großvaters war Polin"
737:
Friedrich Nietzsche as Polish Nobleman Controversy: His Ring Bearing Radwan Coat of Arms
3588:
3533:
3493:
3353:
3258:
3233:
3163:
3128:
3108:
3033:
3023:
3013:
2893:
2793:
2778:
2439:
1712:
1597:
1378:
846:
842:
683:
593:
561:
1570:
1104:
3743:
3668:
3653:
3613:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3468:
3433:
3113:
2621:
1789:
1410:
863:
transl.: "my ancestors were Polish noblemen, even my grandfather's mother was Polish"
355:) bearing Radwan arms were the Babski's, and the Magnuszewski's and Uchański's (See:
3563:
1465:
698:
606:
601:
356:
298:
3698:
3683:
3383:
3338:
2828:
2631:
2319:
2063:
On 31 October 1517 Luther published his 95 theses against the abuse of indulgences.
1921:
1870:
1413:, but in the Commonwealth it led to a szlachta democracy inspired by the ideals of
1382:
1117:
400:
370:
367:
272:
2002:
1949:
1878:
1845:
1770:
Warto wspomnieć, iż rodzina Dąbrowskich posługiwała się herbem szlacheckim Radwan.
1671:
1525:
1125:
3845:
2295:
2249:
1551:
1440:. Anneslie, MD: Polish Nobility Association Foundation. p. 5. Archived from
1299:
1275:
1100:
333:
243:
230:
1696:
Photographs from the family archive of Jan Majewski; Tadeusz Żądło Dąbrowski ...
1180:
Janusz Bieniak, "Knight Clans in Medieval Poland", in Antoni Gąsiorowski (ed.),
268:
1626:
1605:
1239:
1201:
1032:
First marriage with Johanne Friederike Richter, married July 6, 1784, in Bibra)
435:, the Śreniawa family/gens was insignificant and financially modest; however,
420:
3863:
2616:
2039:
1370:
993:
838:
432:
28:
109:
Gliński, Głuchowski, Gondyn, Goska, Górski, Grodziecki, Grodzki, Gubarewicz
2687:
2636:
2558:
2259:
1708:
1601:
1414:
987:
569:
508:
501:
Roman naming convention of the tria nomina (praenomen, nomen, and cognomen)
488:
423:, in 'Vitae Episcop. Posnan. ' does not include him under Radwan arms, but
408:
278:
235:
1986:
1829:
1035:
Second marriage with Erdmuthe Dorothee Krause (born December 11, 1778, in
545:
For example—Braniecki, Dąbrowski, Czcikowski, Dostojewski, Górski, Nicki,
507:
and foreigners, hence why so many surnames are associated with the Radwan
2032:
850:
1565:
1429:
Jakubowski, Theodore (Spring–Summer 2002). Suligowski, Leonard J (ed.).
1008:(First) marriage with Johanne Amalie Herold, born November 10, 1717, in
2035:
1662:
1578:
1516:
1185:
1055:
834:
450:
in Poznań circa 1187 or possibly May 6, 1170. The donation was made by
442:
Radwan, Bishop of Poznań, assisted with the establishment of the first
321:
36:
936:
Christoph Nietzsche's wife was "concealed" in the old church books. .
557:
2677:
2626:
1990:
1833:
1026:
981:
928:
341:
264:
1941:
1745:
1667:
1636:
1521:
1469:
1211:
908:, Warum ich so weise bin (Why I am so wise) No. 3 (earlier version)
524:
313:
302:
2749:
2698:
2656:
2254:
1937:
1892:
1801:
1168:(Warszawa, POLSKA: Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe, 1975), pages 135–136.
1165:
1139:
492:
394:
337:
329:
248:
2264:
317:
2043:
1900:
1896:
1658:"DWÓR DĄBROWSKICH W MICHAŁOWICACH - "Nowe życie dworu" (wystawa)"
1512:"DWÓR DĄBROWSKICH W MICHAŁOWICACH - "Nowe życie dworu" (wystawa)"
1251:
1147:
1143:
822:
382:
348:
325:
1788:. Honolulu, HAWAII: University Press of the Pacific. p. 6.
741:
491:
in that full rights of citizenship were limited to the nobility/
2740:
2224:
1994:
1945:
1837:
1753:
1593:
1477:
1287:"Rotation of the Elite of Power", in Antoni Gąsiorowski (ed.),
1263:"Rotation of the Elite of Power", in Antoni Gąsiorowski (ed.),
966:
748:(1844-1900) wore a signet ring bearing the Radwan coat of arms.
496:
457:
1482:
The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
1369:
867:– letter to Heinrich von Stein, c. beginning of December 1882
1060:
282:
260:
2046:: Tourist Information Lutherstadt Wittenberg. Archived from
1948:, EU: Dr Minakowski Publikacje Elektroniczne. Archived from
499:, where Latin was written and spoken far and wide, used the
49:
Wierzbowa, Wierzbowczyk, Wirzbowa, Wirzbowo, Kaja, Chorągwie
1012:, died September 17, 1770, in Bibra, married July 19, 1740)
539:
520:
1724:
niektórych tylko okresach dochodząca do pewnej zamożności.
1292:
1268:
2187:
published by Richard Frank Krummel and Evelyn Krummel in
1246:, Towson, Baltimore, Baltimore county, MARYLAND, U.S.A.:
1965:
Herbowni ... Nicki, ... (Heraldic Family ... Nicki, ...)
1909:
Herbowni ... Nicki, ... (Heraldic Family ... Nicki, ...)
1815:
1813:
1078:"diese von N gepflegte Legende entbehrt jeder Grundlage"
275:– on a crowned helmet – three ostrich feathers proper.
1895:
genealogical and heraldic reference). Vol. VIII.
1877:(1841) . "RADWAN HERB" [RADWAN COAT OF ARMS].
1454:
1422:
1247:
1142:
genealogical and heraldic reference). Vol. VIII.
1124:(1841) . "RADWAN HERB" [RADWAN COAT OF ARMS].
1081:
transl.: "this legend maintained by N lacks any basis"
403:, however, gives this as occurring during the rule of
1810:
466:
Stone cresting with herby (coats of arms) Radwan and
1196:
1194:
503:
to distinguish Polish citizens/nobles/szlachta from
1289:
The Polish Nobility in the Middle Ages: Anthologies
1265:
The Polish Nobility in the Middle Ages: Anthologies
1182:
The Polish Nobility in the Middle Ages: Anthologies
1096:
1094:
285:crowned; for a crest, three ostrich plumes proper.
1940:genealogical and heraldic reference) (in Polish).
1920:
1869:
1311:
1116:
1405:Throughout most of Europe the medieval system of
1191:
3861:
2029:"Dr. Martin Luther - the reformer in Wittenberg"
1091:
962:Nietzsche's great-great-great-great-grandfather:
1254:edition, 1839 – 1846) by Leonard J. Suligowski.
1188:– Wydawnictwo; Wrocław, POLSKA; 1984, page 154.
1619:
1293:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich – Wydawnictwo
1269:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich – Wydawnictwo
377:(with increased legal proofs and additions by
185:Tabusiewicz, Toczyski, Tołokański, Tumalewski
2723:
2280:
785:that contextualizes different points of view.
771:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
439:(1310–1370) supported them in Little Poland.
393:(1058–1079) on the occasion of a battle with
2236:Radwan Coat of Arms, variants & bearers
1363:
1230:
1228:
458:Ancient Origins and Reason for Many Surnames
246:used by the noble families within the clan (
1781:
1417:, to which parallels were constantly drawn.
2730:
2716:
2287:
2273:
1428:
1248:The Polish Nobility Association Foundation
971:Nietzsche's great-great-great-grandfather:
890:– letter to Georg Brandes, April 10, 1888
2221:Ring Representing the Radwan Coat of Arms
1225:
801:Learn how and when to remove this message
454:(1121? – 1202), High Duke of all Poland.
2229:
2105:. Band I, Naumann, Leipzig 1895: page 10
1735:
1729:
1559:
1176:
1174:
740:
556:
461:
292:
1625:
1200:
825:. His descendants later settled in the
3862:
1707:
1347:. welcome-to.poznan.pl. Archived from
481:Szlachta: Origins of szlachta surnames
2711:
2268:
1758:Poznan University of Medical Sciences
1639:: Franciscus Caesarius. p. 572.
1214:: Franciscus Caesarius. p. 564.
1171:
407:in 1021. He writes that Radwan was a
389:"It was awarded during the reign of
229:
1645:Dąbrowfcij, cognominati Zedlowie ...
1314:"The Knights Hospitallers in Poland"
977:Nietzsche's great-great-grandfather:
751:
669:Stefan Tytus Dąbrowski, herbu Radwan
2294:
2232:"Belarusian Nobility Coats of Arms"
1976:
1819:
1342:
950:However, in her new 1912 biography
427:; there I, too, will speak of him."
13:
1682:. 12 December 2016. Archived from
1643:from the original on 8 June 2017.
1536:. 12 December 2016. Archived from
1302:; Wrocław, POLSKA; 1984, page 228.
1278:; Wrocław, POLSKA; 1984, page 217.
1218:from the original on 8 June 2017.
922:La famille seigneuriale de Niëtzky
729:Mikołaj Zebrzydowski, herbu Radwan
714:Andrzej Zebrzydowski, herbu Radwan
552:
495:. The Polish nobility/szlachta in
14:
3896:
2206:
1431:"Claiming Inherited Noble Status"
564:coat of arms, a variant of Radwan
3832:
2739:
2318:
2159:Politisch-Anthropologische Revue
1629:(1641). "RADWAN alias WIRBOW.".
1579:"DĄBROWSCY h. RADWAN z Dąbrówki"
1312:von Güttner Sporzynski, Darius.
1204:(1641). "RADWAN alias WIRBOW.".
1186:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
756:
721:
706:
691:
676:
661:
654:Jarosław Dąbrowski, herbu Radwan
646:
631:
487:The Polish state paralleled the
27:
2194:
2177:
2164:
2151:
2142:
2125:
2108:
2103:Das Leben Friedrich Nietzsche's
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2021:
1970:
1914:
1863:
1775:
1701:
1680:Małopolska Institute of Culture
1650:
1534:Małopolska Institute of Culture
1504:
1336:
913:Das Leben Friedrich Nietzsche's
684:Fyodor Dostoyevsky herbu Radwan
596:(Polish spelling "Dostojewski")
344:. It exists in eight variants.
2747:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2662:List of Polish titled nobility
2589:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1305:
1281:
1257:
1158:
1110:
1101:"The Polish Armorial Polonais"
1001:Nietzsche's great-grandfather:
639:Dąbrowski Manor in Michałowice
577:Dąbrowski Manor in Michałowice
472:Dąbrowski manor in Michałowice
415:and originated in the time of
297:Tomb effigy of Polish primate
1:
2170:Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche:
2131:Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche:
2101:Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche:
2083:KGW V 2, p. 579; KSA 9 p. 681
1714:JAROSŁAW DĄBROWSKI, 1836-1871
1602:Vistula land (Russian POLAND)
1577:, Adam Józef Feliks (1901).
1373:; Dawson, Andrew Hutchinson;
385:editions, 1839–1846) writes:
1085:
879:– Nachlass, Sommer 1882 21
699:Jakub Uchański, herbu Radwan
7:
3850:List of Polish coat of arms
2642:Armorial of Polish nobility
2243:
2092:KGB III 5, Nr. 1014, p. 288
1785:FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY: A STUDY
1782:Dostoyevsky, Aimée (2001).
1678:, Southern Poland, POLAND:
1532:, Southern Poland, POLAND:
1379:Kondracki, Jerzy Aleksander
1371:Davies, Ivor Norman Richard
1063:rather than Polish origin.
965:Mattheß Nitzsche, lived in
917:Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche
519:(nomen gentile—name of the
10:
3901:
3875:Cultural history of Poland
2074:KGB III 1, Nr. 342, p. 287
1750:Greater Poland Voivodeship
1635:(in Latin). Vol. II.
1474:Greater Poland voivodeship
1210:(in Latin). Vol. II.
288:
191:Uchański, Urban, Uklański
3841:
3830:
2756:
2696:
2670:
2607:
2531:
2438:
2327:
2316:
2302:
1744:(Biography) (in Polish).
1736:Pacyńska, Teresa (2009).
1676:Lesser Poland voivodeship
1530:Lesser Poland voivodeship
1345:"800 Years Ago in Poznań"
562:Dostoyevsky / Dostojewski
255:
210:
61:
53:
45:
35:
26:
21:
2174:, Kröner, Stuttgart 1912
1926:Bobrowicz, Jan Nepomucen
1875:Bobrowicz, Jan Nepomucen
1122:Bobrowicz, Jan Nepomucen
1022:Nietzsche's grandfather:
1018:Their seventh child was
856:Nietzsche's statements:
568:Notable bearers of this
437:King Kazimierz the Great
2532:Cultural and historical
2213:Stockholms Auktionsverk
1999:Stockholms Auktionsverk
1842:Stockholms Auktionsverk
1392:Encyclopædia Britannica
379:Jan Nepomucen Bobrowicz
2579:Sandomierz Voivodeship
2310:Coat of arms of Poland
1905:Breitkopf & Härtel
1719:Wydawnictwo Literackie
1717:. Kraków, POLAND, EU:
1152:Breitkopf & Härtel
911:In her 1895 biography
851:Protestant Reformation
845:in 1517, according to
749:
587:Stefan Tytus Dąbrowski
565:
475:
429:
365:
306:
1977:Warberg, Ulla-Karin.
1820:Warberg, Ulla-Karin.
1800:The Dostoyevsky were
1383:Wandycz, Piotr Stefan
1220:LINEA FAMILIAE RADWAN
1103:by Auteurs Associes (
1047:Carl Ludwig Nietzsche
829:circa the year 1700.
779:by rewriting it in a
744:
612:House of Zebrzydowski
560:
465:
448:Knights of Saint John
387:
361:
296:
227:Polish pronunciation:
215:Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
3880:Polish coats of arms
2647:Polish coats of arms
2539:Augustów Voivodeship
2223:, Which Ended Up in
2200:KGB III 7.3/1 p. 193
2189:Nietzsche-Studien 31
2185:Nietzsches Vorfahren
2116:Nietzsches Vorfahren
1375:Jasiewicz, Krzysztof
1242:, 529 Dunkirk Road,
1029:, a Lutheran pastor
827:Electorate of Saxony
622:Mikołaj Zebrzydowski
617:Andrzej Zebrzydowski
538:(name of the family
391:King Bolesław Smialy
3409:Masalski Książę III
2544:Chełmno Voivodeship
2453:Kuyavian-Pomeranian
2355:Gorzów Wielkopolski
2217:Friedrich Nietzsche
2191:(2002), p. 253-275.
2172:Der junge Nietzsche
1351:on 24 February 2012
1324:on 26 November 2012
1045:Nietzsche's father
952:Der junge Nietzsche
837:, Saxony, is where
814:Friedrich Nietzsche
746:Friedrich Nietzsche
417:Bolesław Krzywousty
373:(1682–1744) in his
353:możni/high nobility
267:or surmounted by a
244:Polish coat of arms
46:Alternative name(s)
16:Polish coat of arms
3619:Prus II Wilczekosy
2564:Kalisz Voivodeship
2118:, in the magazine
2031:(Online article).
1983:auktionsverket.com
1979:"Nietzsche's ring"
1826:auktionsverket.com
1822:"Nietzsche's ring"
1598:Warsaw governorate
1573:-Boniecki), herbu
1447:on 12 April 2017.
1298:2011-04-30 at the
1274:2011-04-30 at the
849:, which began the
847:Philip Melanchthon
843:Ninety-five Theses
831:All Saints' Church
750:
594:Fyodor Dostoyevsky
582:Jarosław Dąbrowski
566:
542:within the gens):
476:
307:
3857:
3856:
2745:Coats of arms of
2705:
2704:
2652:Polish heraldists
2622:Heraldic adoption
2549:Central Lithuania
2183:Hans von Müller:
2114:Hans von Müller:
2053:on 17 August 2018
1955:on 17 August 2018
1922:Niesiecki, Kasper
1871:Niesiecki, Kasper
1610:Gebethner i Wolff
1343:Libicki, Marcin.
1118:Niesiecki, Kasper
811:
810:
803:
765:This section may
452:Mieszko III Stary
231:[ˈradvan]
220:
219:
3892:
3836:
2744:
2743:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2632:Test of Nobility
2518:Warmian-Masurian
2322:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2239:
2235:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2133:Nietzsches Ahnen
2129:
2123:
2112:
2106:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2001:. Archived from
1974:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1890:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1844:. Archived from
1817:
1808:
1807:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1743:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1583:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1484:. Archived from
1458:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1435:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1402:
1400:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1320:. Archived from
1318:Chivalric Orders
1309:
1303:
1285:
1279:
1261:
1255:
1234:Leonard Joseph:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1198:
1189:
1178:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1137:
1114:
1108:
1098:
806:
799:
795:
792:
786:
782:balanced fashion
760:
759:
752:
725:
710:
695:
680:
665:
650:
635:
409:royal chancellor
405:Bolesław Chrobry
375:"Herbarz Polski"
368:Kasper Niesiecki
233:
228:
54:Earliest mention
31:
19:
18:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3885:Polish heraldry
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3846:Polish heraldry
3837:
3828:
2752:
2738:
2736:
2706:
2701:
2692:
2666:
2609:
2603:
2559:Duchy of Czersk
2554:Congress Poland
2527:
2523:West Pomeranian
2434:
2323:
2314:
2298:
2296:Polish heraldry
2293:
2250:Polish heraldry
2246:
2237:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:, June 25, 1898
2130:
2126:
2113:
2109:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2008:
2006:
2005:on 24 June 2017
1975:
1971:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1919:
1915:
1888:
1868:
1864:
1851:
1849:
1848:on 24 June 2017
1818:
1811:
1796:
1780:
1776:
1763:
1761:
1741:
1734:
1730:
1706:
1702:
1689:
1687:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1627:Okolski, Szymon
1624:
1620:
1581:
1564:
1560:
1543:
1541:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1491:
1489:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1444:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1398:
1396:
1385:(2 June 2017).
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1310:
1306:
1300:Wayback Machine
1286:
1282:
1276:Wayback Machine
1262:
1258:
1233:
1226:
1202:Okolski, Szymon
1199:
1192:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1159:
1135:
1115:
1111:
1105:Château-Thierry
1099:
1092:
1088:
807:
796:
790:
787:
777:help improve it
774:
761:
757:
739:
732:
726:
717:
711:
702:
696:
687:
681:
672:
666:
657:
651:
642:
636:
572:have included:
555:
553:Notable bearers
460:
413:Bolesław Śmiały
399:
398:
291:
258:
226:
206:
205:
203:
196:
190:
184:
177:
170:
161:
153:
145:
139:
133:
126:
120:
114:
108:
100:
92:
83:
74:
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3898:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3870:Clan of Radwan
3855:
3854:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Pogoń Litewska
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2750:noble families
2735:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Świętokrzyskie
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2468:Lower Silesian
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:Greater Poland
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2230:J. Lyčkoŭski.
2227:
2208:
2207:External links
2205:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2176:
2163:
2150:
2141:
2124:
2122:, May 28, 1898
2107:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2020:
1969:
1938:Noble/szlachta
1913:
1907:. p. 28.
1893:Noble/szlachta
1862:
1809:
1794:
1774:
1728:
1700:
1686:on 3 June 2017
1649:
1618:
1606:Russian Empire
1558:
1540:on 5 June 2017
1503:
1488:on 8 June 2017
1466:Kórnik Library
1453:
1421:
1362:
1335:
1304:
1280:
1256:
1240:Villa Anneslie
1224:
1190:
1170:
1157:
1140:Noble/szlachta
1109:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
990:
978:
975:
972:
969:
963:
941:Herbarz polski
900:
899:
895:
888:
887:
884:
877:
876:
872:
865:
864:
861:
809:
808:
764:
762:
755:
738:
735:
734:
733:
727:
720:
718:
712:
705:
703:
697:
690:
688:
682:
675:
673:
667:
660:
658:
652:
645:
643:
641:(1897–Present)
637:
630:
627:
626:
625:
624:
619:
609:
607:Jakub Uchański
604:
602:Samuel Osiński
598:
597:
590:
589:
584:
579:
554:
551:
459:
456:
357:Jakub Uchański
349:magnate status
328:, and also in
305:cathedral 1580
299:Jakub Uchański
290:
287:
257:
254:
234:) is a Polish
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
199:
192:
186:
180:
173:
166:
157:
149:
141:
135:
129:
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96:
88:
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63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
39:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3897:
3886:
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3627:
3625:
3622:
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3607:
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3600:
3597:
3595:
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3590:
3587:
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3577:
3575:
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3567:
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3562:
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3405:
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3397:
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3377:
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3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2742:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Landed gentry
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Heraldic clan
2615:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Subcarpathian
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Lesser Poland
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2104:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2064:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:Saxony-Anhalt
2037:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2017:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:(Online book)
1886:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1859:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1803:
1802:Schliahtitchi
1797:
1795:9780898751659
1791:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1771:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:(Online book)
1739:
1732:
1725:
1721:. p. 9.
1720:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:Zdrada, Jerzy
1704:
1697:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:Kraków county
1669:
1666:(in Polish).
1665:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1632:Orbis Polonus
1628:
1622:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:(in Polish).
1587:
1582:(online book)
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:Kraków county
1523:
1520:(in Polish).
1519:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1500:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1409:evolved into
1408:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1207:Orbis Polonus
1203:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1161:
1154:. p. 27.
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:(Online book)
1133:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
995:
994:Sondershausen
991:
989:
985:
984:
983:
979:
976:
973:
970:
968:
964:
961:
960:
959:
955:
953:
948:
944:
942:
937:
933:
930:
925:
923:
918:
915:, his sister
914:
909:
907:
906:
896:
893:
892:
891:
885:
882:
881:
880:
875:Protestants."
873:
870:
869:
868:
862:
859:
858:
857:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:Martin Luther
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
815:
805:
802:
794:
784:
783:
778:
772:
770:
763:
754:
753:
747:
743:
730:
724:
719:
715:
709:
704:
700:
694:
689:
685:
679:
674:
670:
664:
659:
655:
649:
644:
640:
634:
629:
628:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
592:
591:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
573:
571:
563:
559:
550:
548:
543:
541:
537:
536:
531:
528:
526:
522:
518:
517:
512:
510:
506:
505:the peasantry
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
482:
473:
469:
464:
455:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
433:Little Poland
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
396:
392:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
304:
300:
295:
286:
284:
280:
276:
274:
271:of the last.
270:
269:Maltese Cross
266:
262:
253:
251:
250:
245:
241:
237:
236:knights' clan
232:
224:
216:
213:
209:
202:
195:
189:
183:
176:
169:
165:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
138:
132:
125:
119:
113:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
78:
73:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3843:
3779:Wilcza Głowa
3648:
2688:Polish names
2637:Skartabellat
2430:Zielona Góra
2260:Coat of Arms
2238:(in English)
2196:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2171:
2166:
2161:, April 1906
2158:
2153:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2062:
2055:. Retrieved
2048:the original
2023:
2014:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:the original
1982:
1972:
1964:
1957:. Retrieved
1950:the original
1933:
1916:
1908:
1884:
1879:
1865:
1857:
1850:. Retrieved
1846:the original
1825:
1799:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1762:. Retrieved
1760:. p. 33
1731:
1722:
1713:
1703:
1695:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:the original
1661:
1652:
1644:
1631:
1621:
1613:
1589:
1585:
1561:
1554:in 1939, ...
1549:
1542:. Retrieved
1538:the original
1515:
1506:
1497:
1490:. Retrieved
1486:the original
1456:
1448:
1442:the original
1437:
1424:
1415:ancient Rome
1404:
1397:. Retrieved
1395:. p. 15
1390:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:the original
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:the original
1317:
1307:
1283:
1259:
1219:
1206:
1164:Jan Piętka,
1160:
1131:
1126:
1112:
1072:
1065:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1017:
988:Eckartsberga
956:
951:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
926:
921:
912:
910:
903:
901:
889:
878:
866:
855:
812:
797:
788:
780:
769:undue weight
766:
570:coat of arms
567:
547:Zebrzydowski
544:
533:
532:
529:
514:
513:
509:coat of arms
489:Roman Empire
486:
478:
477:
441:
430:
388:
366:
362:
347:Families of
346:
311:
308:
277:
259:
247:
239:
222:
221:
200:
193:
187:
181:
174:
167:
162:
158:
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150:
146:
142:
136:
130:
123:
117:
111:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
80:
75:
71:
41:Kaja, Radwan
3819:Zerwikaptur
3569:Pogoń Ruska
3194:Jastrzębiec
3159:Hipocentaur
2979:Dąbrowski I
2949:Czartoryski
2919:Chodkiewicz
2859:Bogdanowicz
2804:Antoniewicz
2033:Lutherstadt
1438:White Eagle
1037:Reichenbach
841:posted his
818:signet ring
731:(1553–1620)
716:(1496-1560)
701:(1502–1581)
686:(1821–1881)
671:(1877–1947)
656:(1836–1871)
3864:Categories
3844:See also:
3644:Przykorwin
3639:Przyjaciel
3544:Pierzchała
3289:Kot morski
3189:Jasieńczyk
3139:Gwiaździcz
3044:Garczyński
2959:Czewoja II
2944:Czarnowron
2914:Casafranca
2849:Bieńkowski
2844:Biberstein
2769:Abgarowicz
2498:Pomeranian
2135:, also in
2036:Wittenberg
1663:SlideShare
1552:Masłomiąca
1517:SlideShare
1411:absolutism
1056:Max Oehler
835:Wittenberg
791:March 2017
527:or clan):
444:Commandery
322:Sandomierz
37:Battle cry
3789:Wyssogota
3719:Szreniawa
3694:Sandrecki
3629:Przegonia
3549:Piłsudski
3529:Ostrogski
3404:Mądrostki
3319:Krukowski
3284:Kościesza
3254:Kopaszyna
3239:Konderski
3179:Iwanowski
3169:Hornowski
3104:Grabowiec
3084:Godziemba
3029:Działosza
3009:Drogosław
2974:Dąbrowski
2929:Chyliński
2899:Brochwicz
2834:Beztrwogi
2809:Azulewicz
2678:Sarmatism
2627:Indygenat
2594:Pomerania
2493:Podlaskie
2340:Bydgoszcz
2335:Białystok
2057:17 August
2051:(website)
2009:16 August
1991:Stockholm
1987:Östermalm
1959:17 August
1953:(website)
1934:wielcy.pl
1928:(1845) .
1852:16 August
1834:Stockholm
1830:Östermalm
1086:Footnotes
1027:Eilenburg
1010:Reinsdorf
905:Ecce Homo
470:from the
342:Lithuania
67:293 names
3814:Zawadzki
3774:Wierzbna
3769:Wieniawa
3709:Starykoń
3674:Rosyniec
3659:Roch III
3634:Przerowa
3624:Prus III
3609:Prawdzic
3594:Pół Orła
3579:Półkozic
3539:Paprzyca
3489:Ogończyk
3459:Niesobia
3454:Nieczuja
3419:Mniszech
3374:Leszczyc
3349:Kurowski
3324:Kryszpin
3224:Kietlicz
3219:Kierdeja
3124:Grzymała
3074:Glaubicz
3054:Geysztor
2934:Cieleski
2889:Bożawola
2854:Biliński
2839:Białynia
2784:Alabanda
2774:Achinger
2757:Szlachta
2699:Heraldry
2657:Szlachta
2610:heraldry
2574:Kociewie
2569:Kashubia
2503:Silesian
2483:Masovian
2440:Regional
2410:Szczecin
2360:Katowice
2303:National
2255:Heraldry
2244:See also
1711:(1973).
1641:Archived
1567:Boniecki
1387:"Poland"
1296:Archived
1272:Archived
1244:Anneslie
1216:Archived
535:Cognomen
493:szlachta
425:Sreniawa
401:Paprocki
395:Ruthenia
338:Ruthenia
330:Podlasie
265:Gonfanon
249:szlachta
242:) and a
62:Families
3809:Zaremba
3804:Zagłoba
3784:Wysocki
3739:Wadwicz
3734:Trestka
3679:Rozmiar
3604:Poźniak
3599:Poronia
3574:Pogonia
3524:Ostroga
3514:Ossorya
3484:Odyniec
3474:Odrowąż
3449:Napiwon
3414:Materna
3364:Larysza
3334:Księżyc
3329:Krzywda
3314:Krucina
3309:Kropacz
3299:Kotwicz
3294:Kotwica
3279:Korybut
3264:Korczak
3214:Junosza
3209:Juńczyk
3174:Hozyusz
3154:Herburt
3134:Gwiazdy
3119:Gryzima
3094:Gozdawa
3079:Gliński
3069:Ginwiłł
3064:Gierałt
3039:Fleming
3019:Drużyna
2994:Deszpot
2969:Dąbrowa
2954:Czewoja
2924:Cholewa
2909:Brzuska
2904:Brodzic
2884:Boreyko
2864:Bogorya
2814:Bajbuza
2789:Alemani
2671:Related
2599:Prussia
2584:Silesia
2425:Wrocław
2400:Rzeszów
2390:Olsztyn
2157:In the
2137:Zukunft
2120:Zukunft
2044:GERMANY
1901:GERMANY
1897:Leipzig
1764:25 July
1612:: 147.
1407:estates
1252:Leipzig
1148:GERMANY
1144:Leipzig
1061:Sorbian
823:Prussia
816:wore a
775:Please
549:, etc.
530:Radwan
446:of the
421:Długosz
383:Leipzig
381:in the
326:Sieradz
289:History
283:ducally
3824:Zgraja
3799:Zadora
3794:Zabawa
3764:Wejher
3759:Wczele
3749:Warnia
3714:Sulima
3704:Sas II
3689:Samson
3664:Rogala
3649:Radwan
3584:Pomian
3554:Piława
3519:Ostoja
3479:Odwaga
3464:Nowina
3444:Nałęcz
3439:Nabram
3429:Mohyła
3424:Mogiła
3394:Lubicz
3389:Łodzia
3379:Lewart
3369:Leliwa
3359:Łabędź
3354:Kusza
3344:Kur II
3304:Kownia
3274:Korwin
3269:Korsak
3249:Lew II
3244:Kopacz
3229:Klamry
3199:Jelita
3184:Janina
3144:Haller
3099:Grabie
3059:Giejsz
3004:Doliwa
2999:Dołęga
2989:Denhof
2939:Ciołek
2879:Bończa
2874:Bojcza
2869:Bogusz
2819:Belina
2799:Amadej
2764:Abdank
2478:Lubusz
2473:Lublin
2420:Warsaw
2395:Poznań
2375:Lublin
2370:Kraków
2365:Kielce
2350:Gdynia
2345:Gdańsk
2328:Cities
2225:Sweden
2219:: His
1995:SWEDEN
1946:POLAND
1942:Kraków
1887:]
1838:SWEDEN
1792:
1754:Poland
1746:Poznań
1690:3 June
1668:Kraków
1637:Kraków
1594:Warsaw
1575:Bończa
1571:Fredro
1544:5 June
1522:Kraków
1492:8 June
1478:POLAND
1470:Poznań
1399:4 June
1355:2 June
1328:2 June
1236:Sulima
1212:Kraków
1134:]
967:Burkau
497:Poland
468:Nałęcz
340:, and
314:Kraków
303:Łowicz
256:Blazon
223:Radwan
211:Cities
22:Radwan
3729:Trąby
3724:Topór
3589:Poraj
3559:Pobóg
3534:Oszyk
3494:Oksza
3259:Korab
3234:Komar
3164:Hodyc
3129:Gutak
3109:Groty
3049:Gąska
3034:Finke
3024:Dryja
3014:Druck
2984:Dębno
2894:Brama
2824:Bełty
2794:Allan
2779:Aksak
2608:Noble
2488:Opole
2415:Toruń
2405:Sopot
2385:Opole
1883:[
1445:(PDF)
1434:(PDF)
1130:[
1068:Halle
982:Bibra
929:Bibra
833:, in
767:lend
516:Nomen
479:See:
431:From
318:Płock
273:Crest
261:Gules
3848:and
3744:Waga
3669:Rola
3654:Rawa
3614:Prus
3509:Osek
3504:Orla
3499:Orda
3469:Nycz
3434:Mora
3149:Hełm
3114:Gryf
3089:Goły
2463:Łódź
2380:Łódź
2059:2018
2011:2018
1961:2018
1854:2018
1790:ISBN
1766:2018
1692:2017
1546:2017
1494:2017
1401:2017
1357:2017
1330:2017
540:sept
521:gens
371:S.J.
334:Rawa
279:Arms
263:: a
57:1407
3754:Wąż
3699:Sas
3684:Ryc
3399:Łuk
3384:Lis
3339:Kur
3204:Jeż
2964:Dąb
2829:Bes
1805:...
1590:IV.
525:ród
301:in
252:).
240:ród
3866::
2215:-
2061:.
2042:,
2038:,
2013:.
1997::
1993:,
1989:,
1985:.
1981:.
1963:.
1944:,
1932:.
1924:;
1903::
1899:,
1873:;
1856:.
1840::
1836:,
1832:,
1828:.
1824:.
1812:^
1798:.
1768:.
1756::
1752:,
1748:,
1694:.
1674:,
1670:,
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1600:,
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1528:,
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1496:.
1480::
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1468:,
1464:.
1436:.
1403:.
1389:.
1381:;
1377:;
1316:.
1291:,
1267:,
1227:^
1193:^
1184:,
1173:^
1150::
1146:,
1120:;
1093:^
902:–
853:.
511:.
484:.
336:,
332:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
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351:(
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225:(
201:Z
194:W
188:U
182:T
175:S
168:R
159:P
151:O
143:N
137:M
131:L
124:K
118:J
112:H
106:G
98:F
90:D
81:C
72:B
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