1798:
158:
1302:
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729:
1073:: the more points they connect to, the greater the value of the system as a whole. Early railroads were built to bring resources, such as coal, ores and agricultural products from inland locations to ports for export. In many parts of the world, particularly the southern hemisphere, that is still the main use of freight railroads. Greater connectivity opens the rail network to other freight uses including non-export traffic. Rail network connectivity is limited by a number of factors, including geographical barriers, such as oceans and mountains, technical incompatibilities, particularly different
572:
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142:
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25:
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containers and 1.72 million trailers. Intermodal traffic was 6.2% of tonnage originated and 12.6% of revenue. The largest commodities were coal, chemicals, farm products, nonmetallic minerals and intermodal. Coal alone was 43.3% of tonnage and 24.7% of revenue. The average haul was 917 miles. Within the U.S. railroads carry 39.9% of freight by ton-mile, followed by trucks (33.4%), oil pipelines (14.3%), barges (12%) and air (0.3%).
528:
1845:
904:
512:, close cooperation with ocean-going freight and a mostly competitive relationship with long distance trucking and barge transport. Many businesses ship their products by rail if they are shipped long distance because it can be cheaper to ship in large quantities by rail than by truck; however barge shipping remains a viable competitor where water transport is available.
2130:"Heavy-haul heavyweight: China's Daqin heavy-haul railway has undergone a major upgrade to enable it to carry more than three times its original design capacity. David Briginshaw reports from the Ninth International Heavy-Haul Conference in Shanghai on the innovative technology that made this possible | International Railway Journal | Find Articles at BNET"
519:". Most hoppers sneak into train yards and stow away in boxcars. Bolder hoppers will catch a train "on the fly", that is, as it is moving, leading to occasional fatalities, some of which go unrecorded. The act of leaving a town or area, by hopping a freight train is sometimes referred to as "catching-out", as in catching a train out of town.
613:(UIC) in that it has opening doors on the underside or on the sides to discharge its cargo. The development of the hopper car went along with the development of automated handling of such commodities, with automated loading and unloading facilities. There are two main types of hopper car: open and covered;
1189:
improved north–south rail connections when it opened in 2016. Spain and
Portugal are mostly broad gauge, though Spain has built some standard gauge lines that connect with the European high-speed passenger network. A variety of electrification and signaling systems is in use, though this is less of
1228:
connects Europe with Asia, but does not have the clearances needed to carry double-stack containers. Numerous connections are available between
Russian-gauge countries with their standard-gauge neighbors in the west (throughout Europe) and south (to China, North Korea, and Iran via Turkmenistan).
1689:
In 2011, North
American railroads operated 1,471,736 freight cars and 31,875 locomotives, with 215,985 employees, They originated 39.53 million carloads (averaging 63 tons each) and generated $ 81.7 billion in freight revenue. The largest (Class 1) U.S. railroads carried 10.17 million intermodal
617:
cars are used for cargo that must be protected from the elements (chiefly rain) such as grain, sugar, and fertilizer. Open cars are used for commodities such as coal, which can get wet and dry out with less harmful effect. Hopper cars have been used by railways worldwide whenever automated cargo
396:
in several yards before reaching its final destination, a process that made rail freight slow and increased costs. Because, of this, freight rail operators have continually tried to reduce these costs by reducing or eliminating switching in classification yards through techniques such as
388:, where each car was coupled to one of several long-distance trains being assembled there, depending on that car's destination. When long enough, or based on a schedule, each long-distance train was then dispatched to another classification yard. At the next classification yard, cars are
715:
While typically containers travel for many hundreds or even thousands kilometers on the railway, Swiss experience shows that with properly coordinated logistics, it is possible to operate a viable intermodal (truck + rail) cargo transportation system even within a country as small as
1453:
have Indian gauge networks in the south, standard gauge in the east and metre gauge networks in the north. The metre gauge networks are connected at one point, but there has never been a broad gauge connection. (A metre-gauge connection between the two broad gauge networks, the
908:
906:
467:, rail transportation ensures that goods that соuld оtherwіѕе be transported on а number of trucks are transported in а single shipment. Thіѕ saves а lot аѕ fаr аѕ cost connected to the transportation are concerned. Rail freight transport also has very low
1277:
currently restrict rail traffic between the two countries to two passenger lines. There are also links from India to
Bangladesh and Nepal, and from Pakistan to Iran, where a new, but little-used, connection to the standard-gauge network is available at
1005:, which prompted some railroads to define their cabooses as way cars, although the term equally applied to boxcars used for that purpose. Way stops might be industrial sidings, stations/flag stops, settlements, or even individual residences.
392:. Those that are destined for stations served by that yard are assigned to local trains for delivery. Others are reassembled into trains heading to classification yards closer to their final destination. A single car might be reclassified or
996:
or through freight. A way freight generally carried less-than-carload shipments to/from a location, whose origin/destination was a rail terminal yard. This product sometimes arrived at/departed from that yard by means of a through freight.
486:, sent by train and unloaded at another goods station for onward delivery to another factory. When lorries (trucks) replaced horses it was often economical and faster to make one movement by road. In the United States, particularly in the
907:
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1797:
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that served isolated communities. Like passenger service generally, way freights and their smaller consignments became uneconomical. In North
America, the latter ceased, and the public sector took over passenger transportation.
1491:
The railways of Africa were mostly started by colonial powers to bring inland resources to port. There was little regard for eventual interconnection. As a result, there are a variety of gauge and coupler standards in use. A
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622:
simply invert the car to unload it, and have become the preferred unloading technology, especially in North
America; they permit the use of simpler, tougher, and more compact (because sloping ends are not required)
2065:
1000:
At a minimum, a way freight comprised a locomotive and caboose, to which cars called pickups and setouts were added or dropped off along the route. For convenience, smaller consignments might be carried in the
2448:
704:
worldwide is moved by containers stacked on transport ships; 26% of all container transshipment is carried out in China. As of 2005, some 18 million total containers make over 200 million trips per year.
1085:
are located in North
America and Eurasia. Long distance freight trains are generally longer than passenger trains, with greater length improving efficiency. Maximum length varies widely by system. (
405:, and in some countries these have completely replaced mixed freight trains. In many countries, railroads have been built to haul one commodity, such as coal or ore, from an inland point to a port.
2560:
1338:
Due primarily to external factors such as geography and the commodity mix favoring commodities such as coal, the modal share of freight rail in North
America is one of the highest worldwide.
494:, towns developed with railway and factories often had a direct rail connection. Despite the closure of many minor lines carload shipping from one company to another by rail remains common.
482:
In Europe (particularly
Britain), many manufacturing towns developed before the railway. Many factories did not have direct rail access. This meant that freight had to be shipped through a
2633:
2218:
905:
757:, even though they usually can carry the weight of two. Carrying half the possible weight is inefficient. However, if the rail line has been built with sufficient vertical clearance, a
1397:
471:. Therefore, many governments have been stimulating the switch of freight from trucks onto trains, because of the environmental benefits that it would bring. Railway transport and
1095:
Many countries are moving to increase speed and volume of rail freight in an attempt to win markets over or to relieve overburdened roads and/or speed up shipping in the age of
2241:
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475:(also known as 'inland waterway transport' (IWT) or 'inland shipping') are similarly environmentally friendly modes of transportation, and both form major parts of the 2019
1745:
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238:
costs, particularly when the shipper or receiver lack direct rail access. These costs may exceed that of operating the train itself, a factor that practices such as
1999:
2440:
2376:
2023:
1385:
505:. Many rail systems have turned to computerized scheduling and optimization for trains which has reduced costs and helped add more train traffic to the rails.
2728:
1447:
has a large rail network, mostly metre gauge, with some broad gauge. It runs some of the heaviest iron ore trains in the world on its metre gauge network.
2263:
463:
Rail transport is very energy-efficient, and much more environmentally friendly than road transport. Compared to road transport whісh employs the uѕе of
1259:
in the east, with the
Russian-gauge network of Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in the north, and with the meter-gauge network of Vietnam in the south.
2783:
891:
trains, but they have lost market share to containers (COFC), with longer, 53-foot containers frequently used for domestic shipments. There are also
2530:
515:
Freight trains are sometimes illegally boarded by individuals who do not have the money or the desire to travel legally, a practice referred to as "
1082:
2625:
647:
transports more than 1 million tonnes of coal to the east sea shore of China every day and in 2009 is the busiest freight line in the world Such
2210:
800:
shipments in the United States, in part due to the generous vertical clearances used by U.S. railroads. These lines are diesel-operated with no
685:
2712:
1785:
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Several types of cargo are not suited for containerization or bulk; these are transported in special cars custom designed for the cargo.
2288:
1194:
are generally used between freight vehicles, although there are plans to develop an automatic coupler compatible with the Russian SA3.
1008:
With the difficulty of maintaining an exact schedule, way freights yielded to scheduled passenger and through trains. They were often
89:
2233:
1913:
1543:
Rail developed independently in different parts of Australia and, as a result, three major rail gauges are in use. A standard gauge
223:, general freight or specialized freight in purpose-designed cars. Rail freight practices and economics vary by country and region.
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61:
42:
2316:
2182:
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and maximum car weight. Most trackage is owned by private companies that also operate freight trains on those tracks. Since the
2825:
1813:
1769:
2500:
2352:
1701:
Unlike passenger trains, freight trains are rarely named. Some, however, have gained names either officially or unofficially.
865:
can drive straight onto the train and drive off again when the end destination is reached. A system like this is used on the
68:
1099:. In Japan, trends towards adding rail freight shipping are more due to availability of workers rather than other concerns.
2657:
560:
in large quantities. These cargo are usually dropped or poured, with a spout or shovel bucket, as a liquid or solid, into a
1693:
Railways carried 17.1% of EU freight in terms of tonne-km, compared to road transport (76.4%) and inland waterways (6.5%).
1170:
576:
1166:
There are four major interconnecting rail networks on the Eurasian land mass, along with other smaller national networks.
2092:
1996:
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are still in operation, but most have closed. There has never been a rail line through Central America to South America.
1401:
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on a railway, transporting cargo all or some of the way between the shipper and the intended destination as part of the
75:
2027:
1607:
1366:
1205:
230:
with rail transportation than with other means. Maximum economies are typically realized with bulk commodities (e.g.,
508:
Freight railroads' relationship with other modes of transportation varies widely. There is almost no interaction with
497:
Railroads were early users of automatic data processing equipment, starting at the turn of the twentieth century with
227:
1433:
1274:
108:
2725:
777:
57:
2591:
3175:
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2008:
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1466:) Most other countries have few rail systems. The standard gauge in the east, connect with Paraguay and Uruguay.
204:
2298:. - (c/o National Academy of Sciences). - Number 246. - September–October 2006. - (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document)
1237:
in the Caucasus region have forced the closing of the rail connections between Russia and Georgia via Abkhazia,
384:(freight station in US). Smaller locomotives transferred the rail cars from the sidings and goods stations to a
2338:
2308:
1230:
46:
2259:
1938:"External Costs in Inland Waterway Transport: An Analysis of External Cost Categories and Calculation Methods"
1256:
1238:
793:
765:
for another container on top. Both China and India run electrified double-stack trains with overhead wiring.
717:
776:
came up with the idea of the first double-stack intermodal car in 1977. SP then designed the first car with
708:
Use of the same basic sizes of containers across the globe has lessened the problems caused by incompatible
1869:
797:
677:
2700:
157:
2538:
1538:
1450:
1421:
1389:
1301:
1229:
While the USSR had important railway connections to Turkey (from Armenia) and to Iran (from Azerbaijan's
1198:
828:
740:
1357:
of 1980, the freight rail industry in the U.S. has been largely deregulated. Freight cars are routinely
2818:
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1874:
1864:
1358:
1266:
1213:
888:
879:
852:
824:
1511:
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82:
1942:
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project connects Europe with eastern Turkey, Iran, and the Middle East via a rail tunnel under the
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820:
789:
781:
491:
284:
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vehicles, which have two sets of wheels, for use in a train, or as the trailer of a road vehicle.
792:, under the name of "Stacktrain" rail service. Along the way the train transferred from the SP to
436:
for transporting food, simple types of open-topped wagons for transporting bulk material, such as
2928:
1706:
1279:
1262:
1248:
1225:
816:
785:
35:
2875:
549:
Bulk cargo constitutes the majority of tonnage carried by most freight railroads. Bulk cargo is
460:(UIC) that can be filled and discharged rapidly, to enable efficient handling of the materials.
376:
where goods were loaded onto or unloaded from rail cars. Other shippers had their goods hauled (
1405:
1370:
808:
728:
216:
146:
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2811:
1461:
1409:
502:
487:
126:
2285:
1807:, Florida, with 53 ft (16.15 m) containers used for shipments within North America
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The four major Eurasian networks link to neighboring countries and to each other at several
712:
sizes in different countries by making transshipment between different gauge trains easier.
1306:
1290:
1186:
1156:
750:
681:
220:
134:
700:. Containerization has revolutionized cargo shipping. As of 2009 approximately 90% of non-
571:
8:
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2561:"File:Modal split of freight transport, EU, 2011-2021 (%, based on tonne-kilometres).png"
1909:
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signaling. In the 2010s, most North American Class I railroads have adopted some form of
536:
476:
417:
385:
302:
2671:
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points. Containerization has facilitated greater movement between networks, including a
1040:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
784:
started working with the SP and that same year, the first all "double stack" train left
564:. Liquids, such as petroleum and chemicals, and compressed gases are carried by rail in
561:
3149:
2803:
1859:
1479:
1378:
648:
243:
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an issue for freight; however, clearances prevent double-stack service on most lines.
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3038:
2761:
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2178:
2160:
2024:"Rail Freight Transportation: How To Save Thousands Of Dollars & The Environment"
1889:
1522:
1374:
1354:
1346:
950:
619:
472:
1510:, but potential connection to the European standard gauge network is blocked by the
945:
Goods that require certain temperatures during transportation can be transported in
3053:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2508:
2349:
2051:
1951:
1526:
1428:
has freight rail service, recently converted to standard gauge, that parallels the
946:
688:
containers' or 'isotainers') that can be loaded with cargo, sealed and placed onto
671:
580:
433:
402:
239:
234:), especially when hauled over long distances. Moving goods by rail often involves
150:
141:
1233:
enclave), these have been out of service since the early 1990s, since a number of
780:
that same year. At first it was slow to become an industry standard, then in 1984
3144:
3129:
3074:
2992:
2891:
2732:
2403:
2356:
2292:
2179:"Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units) | Data | Table"
2047:
2003:
1997:
Comparative Evaluation of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency on Competitive Corridors
1879:
1328:
1234:
1096:
1078:
939:
916:
858:
848:
754:
276:
247:
1937:
643:. Loads can be 130 tonnes per wagon and tens of thousands of tonnes per train.
3134:
2981:
2886:
2834:
1731:
1507:
1362:
1342:
1324:
1286:
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1169:
Most countries in the European Union participate in an auto-gauge network. The
1089:
1070:
870:
866:
801:
689:
614:
606:
516:
453:
264:
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1502:) gauge network with Janney couplers serves southern Africa. East Africa uses
3169:
3094:
3007:
2765:
2164:
2040:
1850:
1824:
1776:
1350:
1217:
773:
762:
651:
drive down operating costs. Some freight trains can be over 7 km long.
644:
602:
483:
381:
372:
235:
192:
130:
2471:"Japan firms shifting to trains to move freight amid dearth of new truckers"
1474:
839:
corridor. Double stacking is used in India for selected freight-only lines.
3124:
3099:
3043:
3023:
2865:
2646:
Chicago Rail Congestion Slows the Whole Country, New York Times, 8 May 2012
2286:"The Containership Revolution: Malcom McLean’s 1956 Innovation Goes Global"
1804:
1719:
1429:
1424:
railroad is currently inactive, preventing rail shipment south of Mexico.
1270:
1160:
1009:
960:
956:
Center beam flat cars are used to carry lumber and other building supplies.
874:
693:
498:
448:
for transporting liquids and gases. Most coal and aggregates are moved in
3139:
3119:
3048:
2361:
1820:
1713:
1503:
1221:
1074:
1062:
732:
Train in Arizona, with 20-, 40- and-53 foot containers double stacked in
624:
468:
425:
409:
260:
200:
196:
749:(flat wagons) cannot carry more than one standard 40-foot (12.2 m)
659:
3154:
3028:
3017:
2987:
2975:
2913:
2701:
https://www.mot.gov.cn/tongjishuju/tielu/202005/t20200511_3323807.htmlf
1956:
1884:
928:
892:
709:
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610:
586:
544:
509:
457:
449:
398:
208:
2754:
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
1396:
facilities for bulk cargo. Many railroads interchange in Chicago, and
1135:
370:
near rail lines and had a section of track on their property called a
3109:
3084:
1725:
1393:
1332:
1182:
982:
883:
trains are common in the United States, where they are also known as
796:. It saved shippers money and now accounts for almost 70 percent of
557:
550:
532:
367:
212:
185:
162:
121:
992:
Historically in North America, trains might be classified as either
24:
3104:
3033:
3012:
3002:
2964:
2949:
2923:
2896:
2870:
2849:
2331:
American Car & Foundry Company: A Centennial History, 1899-1999
1760:
1178:
1057:
932:
812:
758:
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636:
565:
445:
429:
421:
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are underway or proposed to eliminate bottlenecks there. The U.S.
226:
When considered in terms of ton-miles or tonne-kilometers hauled,
3089:
2969:
2959:
2592:"U.S. and European Freight Railways: The Differences That Matter"
1152:
1139:
Coal awaiting shipment to an electric generating plant in Germany
1002:
938:
Coils of steel strip are transported in modified gondolas called
746:
437:
413:
389:
377:
363:
173:
1251:
has an extensive standard-gauge network. Its freight trains use
1113:
Rail freight ton-milage as a percent of total moved by country:
589:
are freight cars used to transport dry bulk commodities such as
2997:
2854:
2211:"Why The China-Europe 'Silk Road' Rail Network Is Growing Fast"
1756:
1148:
978:
836:
832:
598:
1392:
service, and building more efficient intermodal terminals and
1255:. China's railways connect with the standard-gauge network of
953:(UIC), but refrigerated containers are becoming more dominant.
2589:
1828:
1530:
1102:
Rail freight tonnage as a percent of total moved by country:
877:
of each truck is not carried on the train, only the trailer.
862:
697:
553:
527:
464:
181:
177:
635:
The heaviest trains in the world carry bulk traffic such as
1361:
between carriers, as needed, and are identified by company
1123:
977:
Less-than-carload freight is any load that does not fill a
640:
590:
441:
231:
2307:
2203:
See e.g. the description of container transfer process at
1844:
1341:
Rail freight is well standardized in North America, with
869:
between the United Kingdom and France, as well as on the
842:
605:, and the like. This type of car is distinguished from a
594:
2833:
2590:
Manuel Bastos Andrade Furtado, Francisco (Summer 2013).
2278:
1327:
rail network. The one notable exception is the isolated
827:. These are diesel-only lines with no overhead wiring.
2066:"Information Systems and Industry Operating Procedures"
2658:"Precision Scheduled Railroading Evolution-Revolution"
2441:"Russia's RZD speeds up rail service to attract cargo"
2672:"Railways, goods transported (million ton-km) - Data"
1061:
A map of the world showing regions by principal rail
2735:, Association of American Railroads, 7 February 2013
2151:
Ebeling, C. E. (Winter 2009). "Evolution of a Box".
1840:
1388:
to carry heavier and taller loads, particularly for
935:, the vehicles being driven on or off the carriers.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2234:"Swiss operators optimise short-haul railfreight"
1458:was constructed but is not currently in service.
3167:
2350:"A new fleet shapes up. (High-Tech Railroading)"
1373:, freight trains in North America are hauled by
1365:and serial numbers. Most have computer readable
1126:: more than 20% of all "inland traffic" in 2021
723:
1982:. Omaha, Neb.: Simmons-Boardman. pp. 7 ff.
959:Extra heavy and oversized loads are carried in
2260:"Spotlight on double-stack container movement"
1791:Old type of steam-hauled freight train in 1964
1384:Ongoing freight-oriented development includes
2819:
2012:, 19 November 2009. Accessed: 4 October 2011.
2599:Journal of the Transportation Research Forum
2253:
2251:
2231:
2015:
1936:Hofbauer, Florian; Putz, Lisa-Maria (2020).
1935:
1331:, which is connected to the main network by
966:
195:, cargo train, or goods train is a group of
2744:
2738:
2333:. - Wilton, California: Signature Press. -
1092:for train lengths in different countries.)
2826:
2812:
2747:"New coefficients of rail transport usage"
2197:
2089:"How To Hop a Freight Train, by Wes Modes"
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
432:for transporting road vehicles; there are
412:(UIC) or freight car (US). These include
2248:
1991:
1989:
1977:
1955:
1562:Rail freight by network, billion tonne-km
630:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2623:
2401:
2113:
1971:
1521:
1473:
1300:
1224:. Major lines are electrified. Russia's
1142:
1134:
1056:
902:
727:
658:
570:
526:
156:
140:
120:
2208:
2150:
2041:Hollerith's Electric Tabulating Machine
1920:
1696:
1323:are connected by an extensive, unified
1016:
761:can accept a container and still leave
3168:
2713:"Railway freight transport statistics"
2655:
2374:
2021:
1986:
1916:from the original on 20 February 2016.
843:Rolling highways and piggyback service
16:Practice of transporting cargo by rail
2807:
2420:
2402:Torfason, Ragnar (28 December 2005).
2185:from the original on 27 November 2011
2118:. London: Routledge. pp. 292–93.
2095:from the original on 20 December 2013
1980:The Railroad-What It Is, What It Does
1763:. Intermodal terminal is on the right
753:on top of another because of limited
161:Freight trains wait for departure in
2772:from the original on 6 October 2016.
2481:from the original on 28 October 2017
2429:. p. 1 – via www.pgpl.ca.
2319:from the original on 10 August 2006.
2221:from the original on 27 August 2017.
1020:
861:, or rolling road, trains are used;
362:Traditionally, large shippers built
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2656:Barrow, Kieth (17 September 2019).
2626:"Freight Train Late? Blame Chicago"
2451:from the original on 7 October 2017
2257:
2072:. IRS. October 2007. Archived from
1402:Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008
654:
13:
2377:"Rail freight - an ancient method"
2232:Anitra Green (20 September 2012),
2058:
1803:A container train passing through
1415:
1367:automatic equipment identification
1305:Mixed freight running downhill in
1173:is linked to this network via the
873:in India. In other countries, the
430:well wagons or "low loader" wagons
14:
3187:
2682:from the original on 23 June 2017
2636:from the original on 27 June 2017
2266:from the original on 2 April 2010
2209:Shepard, Wade (28 January 2016).
2086:
2070:Railroad Industry Overview Series
1275:Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
428:(UIC) for heavy or bulky loads,
380:) by wagon or truck to or from a
2660:. International Railway Journal.
2531:"2022年交通运输行业发展统计公报-政府信息公开-交通运输部"
2244:from the original on 5 June 2015
1843:
1812:
1796:
1784:
1768:
1744:
1439:
1404:mandates eventual conversion to
1296:
1106:Russia: about 12% in 2016 up 11%
1025:
898:
807:Double stacking is also used in
676:Containerization is a system of
408:Rail freight uses many types of
228:energy efficiency can be greater
23:
2861:British railway milk tank wagon
2776:
2745:Lewandowski, Krzysztof (2015).
2719:
2705:
2694:
2664:
2649:
2617:
2583:
2571:from the original on 9 May 2023
2553:
2523:
2493:
2463:
2433:
2423:"End of an era in rail service"
2414:
2395:
2375:Rieper, Michael (29 May 2013).
2368:
2343:
2323:
2301:
2258:Das, Mamuni (15 October 2007).
2225:
2171:
2144:
2132:. Findarticles.com. 2 June 2009
2122:
2022:Shefer, Jon (1 December 2015).
2009:Federal Railroad Administration
1557:List of countries by rail usage
1434:rail systems in Central America
575:Bulk freight car scales at the
535:await unloading, at sidings in
420:(UIC) for general merchandise,
205:International Union of Railways
34:needs additional citations for
2404:"Freight Trains: Way freights"
2329:Kaminski, Edward S. (1999). -
2309:Union Pacific Railroad Company
2107:
2080:
2034:
1902:
1239:between Armenia and Azerbaijan
931:are stacked in open or closed
267:-28, 2016) per transport mode
1:
2624:Schwartz, John (7 May 2012).
2537:. 6 June 2023. Archived from
2238:International Railway Journal
1896:
1550:
1349:. The main variations are in
1069:Railroads are subject to the
724:Double-stack containerization
1950:(5874). MDPI: 9 (Table 11).
1870:Intermodal freight transport
1517:
1204:The countries of the former
798:intermodal freight transport
678:intermodal freight transport
7:
2726:Class I Railroad Statistics
2501:"U.S. Ton-Miles of Freight"
2379:. BB Handel. Archived from
2262:. The Hindu Business Line.
1978:Armstrong, John H. (1978).
1836:
1825:multiple unit freight train
1539:Rail transport in Australia
1220:-compatible network, using
1199:Railway coupling conversion
1081:, and political conflicts.
741:Double-stack rail transport
618:handling has been desired.
531:Freight wagons filled with
253:
10:
3192:
2421:Irwin, Al (25 July 1977).
2205:Alashankou railway station
1875:Piggyback (transportation)
1737:
1554:
1536:
1484:
1377:, even on the electrified
1243:between Armenia and Turkey
1192:Buffer-and-screw couplings
1130:
970:
853:Piggyback (transportation)
846:
738:
669:
542:
145:A long grain train of the
3067:
2937:
2842:
2788:epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
2114:Stopford, Martin (1997).
1574:
1571:
1568:
1487:African Union of Railways
1469:
1083:The largest rail networks
1034:This section needs to be
967:Less than carload freight
770:Southern Pacific Railroad
346:
332:
318:
300:
282:
274:
271:
2153:Invention and Technology
1653:includes Zimbabwe (1.6)
1545:Trans-Australian Railway
1529:intermodal service from
1495:3 ft 6 in
1398:a number of improvements
973:Less-than-container load
831:use double-stack in its
790:South Kearny, New Jersey
782:American President Lines
207:) hauled by one or more
58:"Rail freight transport"
2929:Wagon with opening roof
2731:3 November 2013 at the
2355:17 October 2008 at the
2313:"Chronological History"
1910:"Rail Freight Shipping"
1226:Trans-Siberian Railroad
786:Los Angeles, California
522:
215:chain. Trains may haul
3176:Rail freight transport
3120:Revenue collection car
2181:. Data.worldbank.org.
2002:6 January 2012 at the
1534:
1482:
1406:Positive Train Control
1309:
1163:
1140:
1066:
921:
829:Saudi Arabian Railways
768:In the United States,
736:
667:
631:Heavy-duty ore traffic
583:
540:
263:of freight transport (
170:Rail freight transport
166:
154:
147:Union Pacific Railroad
138:
3068:Non-revenue equipment
2955:Class U special wagon
2837:freight rolling stock
2535:Ministry of Transport
2427:Prince George Citizen
2284:Cudahy, Brian J., -
1642:includes Bolivia (1)
1586:U.S., Canada, Mexico
1547:spans the continent.
1525:
1512:Arab–Israeli conflict
1477:
1462:Trans-Andean railways
1410:precision railroading
1304:
1147:Freight train on the
1146:
1138:
1120:China: 15.9% in 2022
1060:
911:
731:
663:A container train in
662:
574:
530:
503:unit record equipment
221:intermodal containers
160:
149:crossing a bridge in
144:
124:
3054:Specialized flatcars
2365:. - 1 September 1990
2291:4 March 2016 at the
1697:Named freight trains
1631:27 member countries
1610:, Finland, Mongolia
1533:in Western Australia
1506:. North Africa uses
1386:upgrading more lines
1307:Caliente, California
1291:Eurasian Land Bridge
1269:operate entirely on
1187:Gotthard Base Tunnel
1017:Regional differences
627:instead of hoppers.
556:that is transported
184:as opposed to human
135:West Coast Main Line
43:improve this article
2945:Bogie bolster wagon
2881:Covered goods wagon
2408:www.theweebsite.com
2046:30 May 2015 at the
2030:on 8 December 2015.
1753:classification yard
1565:
1456:Transandine Railway
1371:isolated exceptions
1369:transponders. With
1216:, participate in a
1117:USA: 27.4% in 2020
885:trailer on flat car
682:shipping containers
537:Rugby, Warwickshire
477:European Green Deal
386:classification yard
268:
3150:Track geometry car
2843:Enclosed equipment
2676:data.worldbank.org
2630:The New York Times
2541:on 16 October 2023
2116:Maritime Economics
1957:10.3390/su12145874
1561:
1535:
1483:
1478:Iron ore train in
1379:Northeast Corridor
1375:diesel locomotives
1310:
1164:
1141:
1067:
949:(reefers, US), or
922:
857:In some countries
755:vertical clearance
737:
668:
649:economies of scale
620:Rotary car dumpers
584:
541:
258:
244:trailer-on-flatcar
167:
155:
139:
3163:
3162:
3115:Rail adhesion car
3080:Ballast regulator
3059:Transporter wagon
3039:Rotary car dumper
1890:Wagonload freight
1775:Freight train in
1687:
1686:
1355:Staggers Rail Act
1321:the United States
1109:Japan: 5% in 2017
1055:
1054:
951:refrigerated vans
947:refrigerator cars
909:
579:Mack Point yard,
473:inland navigation
434:refrigerator vans
360:
359:
250:aim to minimize.
129:hauled container
119:
118:
111:
93:
3183:
2965:Double-stack car
2908:Refrigerated van
2902:Refrigerator car
2828:
2821:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2751:
2742:
2736:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2596:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2507:. Archived from
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2372:
2366:
2347:
2341:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2076:on 21 June 2013.
2062:
2056:
2055:, 19 April 1885.
2052:Railroad Gazette
2038:
2032:
2031:
2026:. Archived from
2019:
2013:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1933:
1918:
1917:
1906:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1816:
1800:
1788:
1772:
1748:
1566:
1560:
1527:Pacific National
1501:
1496:
1235:frozen conflicts
1079:railway couplers
1050:
1047:
1041:
1029:
1028:
1021:
910:
763:enough clearance
759:double-stack car
684:(also known as '
672:Containerization
655:Containerization
581:Searsport, Maine
465:trucks (lorries)
403:containerization
355:
354:
341:
340:
333:Rail (electric)
327:
326:
313:
312:
295:
294:
269:
257:
240:containerization
151:Washington state
137:, United Kingdom
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3145:Tamping machine
3130:Rotary snowplow
3075:Ballast cleaner
3063:
2993:Kangourou wagon
2950:Chauldron wagon
2933:
2892:Livestock wagon
2838:
2832:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2733:Wayback Machine
2724:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2654:
2650:
2639:
2637:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2475:The Japan Times
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2419:
2415:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2357:Wayback Machine
2348:
2344:
2328:
2324:
2306:
2302:
2293:Wayback Machine
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2256:
2249:
2230:
2226:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2085:
2081:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2048:Wayback Machine
2039:
2035:
2020:
2016:
2004:Wayback Machine
1995:Greene, Scott.
1994:
1987:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1934:
1921:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1880:Rolling highway
1849:
1842:
1839:
1832:
1817:
1808:
1801:
1792:
1789:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1751:A typical U.S.
1749:
1740:
1699:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1541:
1520:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1472:
1442:
1418:
1416:Central America
1363:reporting marks
1345:and compatible
1343:Janney couplers
1329:Alaska Railroad
1299:
1253:Janney couplers
1133:
1097:online shopping
1051:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1019:
985:or less than a
975:
969:
920:
917:New South Wales
914:
903:
901:
859:rolling highway
855:
849:Rolling highway
847:Main articles:
845:
802:overhead wiring
743:
726:
690:container ships
680:using standard
674:
657:
633:
547:
525:
356:
352:
351:
342:
338:
337:
328:
324:
323:
314:
310:
309:
296:
292:
291:
277:tonne-kilometre
256:
248:rolling highway
153:, United States
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3135:Scale test car
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2938:Open equipment
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2887:Covered hopper
2884:
2878:
2876:Intermodal car
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2835:Rail transport
2831:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2808:
2801:
2800:
2775:
2737:
2718:
2704:
2693:
2663:
2648:
2616:
2582:
2552:
2522:
2511:on 30 May 2023
2492:
2462:
2432:
2413:
2394:
2383:on 7 June 2013
2367:
2342:
2322:
2300:
2277:
2247:
2224:
2196:
2170:
2143:
2121:
2106:
2079:
2057:
2033:
2014:
1985:
1970:
1943:Sustainability
1919:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1818:
1811:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1783:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1698:
1695:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:European Union
1622:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1555:Main article:
1552:
1549:
1537:Main article:
1519:
1516:
1508:standard gauge
1485:Main article:
1471:
1468:
1441:
1438:
1432:. A few other
1417:
1414:
1325:standard gauge
1298:
1295:
1287:break of gauge
1175:Channel Tunnel
1171:United Kingdom
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1090:longest trains
1071:network effect
1053:
1052:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1015:
968:
965:
964:
963:
957:
954:
943:
936:
912:
900:
897:
871:Konkan Railway
867:Channel Tunnel
844:
841:
778:ACF Industries
739:Main article:
725:
722:
670:Main article:
656:
653:
632:
629:
615:Covered hopper
543:Main article:
524:
521:
469:external costs
418:covered wagons
358:
357:
350:
348:
347:Inland vessel
344:
343:
336:
334:
330:
329:
322:
320:
319:Rail (diesel)
316:
315:
308:
306:
298:
297:
290:
288:
280:
279:
273:
261:external costs
255:
252:
172:is the use of
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3188:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:Clearance car
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:Mineral wagon
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
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2930:
2927:
2925:
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2915:
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2903:
2900:
2898:
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2888:
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2879:
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2864:
2862:
2859:
2856:
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2851:
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2847:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2697:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2659:
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2018:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1974:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1930:
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1911:
1905:
1901:
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1881:
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1857:
1852:
1851:Trains portal
1846:
1841:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
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1806:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1777:Rostov Oblast
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1723:
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1580:North America
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1500:1,067 mm
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1440:South America
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1297:North America
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1046:February 2016
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913:Steel train,
899:Special cargo
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774:Malcom McLean
771:
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730:
721:
719:
713:
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694:railroad cars
691:
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673:
666:
661:
652:
650:
646:
645:Daqin Railway
642:
638:
628:
626:
621:
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612:
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603:track ballast
600:
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582:
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499:punched cards
495:
493:
489:
485:
484:goods station
480:
478:
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459:
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451:
450:hopper wagons
447:
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431:
427:
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382:goods station
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349:
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321:
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275:eurocent per
270:
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236:transshipment
233:
229:
224:
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218:
217:bulk material
214:
210:
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193:freight train
189:
187:
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180:to transport
179:
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143:
136:
132:
131:freight train
128:
123:
113:
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102:
99:November 2021
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3125:Power shovel
3044:Schnabel car
3024:Pocket wagon
2866:Cattle wagon
2791:. Retrieved
2787:
2778:
2760:(6): 89–91.
2757:
2753:
2740:
2721:
2707:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2675:
2666:
2651:
2638:. Retrieved
2629:
2619:
2607:. Retrieved
2602:
2598:
2585:
2573:. Retrieved
2565:ec.europa.eu
2564:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2539:the original
2534:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2509:the original
2504:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2474:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2444:
2435:
2426:
2416:
2407:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2381:the original
2370:
2360:
2345:
2330:
2325:
2303:
2295:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2237:
2227:
2214:
2199:
2187:. Retrieved
2173:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2124:
2115:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2091:. modes.io.
2087:Modes, Wes.
2082:
2074:the original
2069:
2060:
2050:
2036:
2028:the original
2017:
2007:
1979:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1947:
1941:
1904:
1805:Jacksonville
1724:
1720:Coke Express
1705:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1647:South Africa
1542:
1490:
1459:
1449:
1443:
1430:Panama Canal
1419:
1390:double-stack
1383:
1359:interchanged
1340:
1337:
1311:
1284:
1261:
1247:
1222:SA3 couplers
1206:Soviet Union
1203:
1195:
1185:. The 57-km
1168:
1165:
1161:Heilongjiang
1112:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1075:track gauges
1068:
1043:
1035:
1010:mixed trains
1007:
999:
993:
991:
976:
923:
884:
878:
875:tractor unit
856:
806:
767:
744:
714:
707:
675:
634:
625:gondola cars
609:car (US) or
585:
562:railroad car
548:
514:
507:
496:
481:
462:
407:
393:
371:
361:
225:
201:goods wagons
197:freight cars
190:
169:
168:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3155:Work trains
3140:Stoneblower
3049:Slate wagon
2640:28 February
2575:25 November
2545:25 November
2515:25 November
2445:www.joc.com
2362:Railway Age
2270:11 February
2189:28 November
2099:18 December
1865:Interchange
1827:running in
1821:M250 series
1714:Juice Train
1678:South Korea
1504:metre gauge
1271:broad gauge
1257:North Korea
1155:Railway in
1063:track gauge
994:way freight
987:Boxcar load
929:Automobiles
919:, Australia
718:Switzerland
587:Hopper cars
458:open wagons
426:flat wagons
410:goods wagon
399:unit trains
209:locomotives
3029:Quarry tub
3018:Open wagon
2988:Hopper car
2976:Flat wagon
2914:RoadRailer
2605:(2): 65–84
2339:0963379100
2159:(4): 8–9.
2136:1 February
1897:References
1885:Unit train
1575:Countries
1551:Statistics
1480:Mauritania
1347:air brakes
1333:rail barge
1273:networks.
1231:Nakhchivan
971:See also:
893:roadrailer
772:(SP) with
710:rail gauge
702:bulk cargo
611:open wagon
558:unpackaged
545:Bulk cargo
510:airfreight
368:warehouses
186:passengers
69:newspapers
3110:Excavator
3085:Brake van
2919:Stock car
2766:2277-3754
2165:8756-7296
1860:Demurrage
1726:La Bestia
1658:Australia
1518:Australia
1460:See also
1451:Argentina
1422:Guatemala
1394:transload
1183:Bosphorus
983:box motor
940:coil cars
933:autoracks
880:Piggyback
809:Australia
751:container
734:well cars
566:tank cars
551:commodity
539:, England
533:limestone
422:flat cars
364:factories
213:logistics
163:Zhengzhou
3170:Category
3105:Crew car
3034:Rollbock
3013:Modalohr
3003:Minecart
2924:Tank car
2897:Milk car
2871:Coil car
2850:Autorack
2770:Archived
2729:Archived
2680:Archived
2634:Archived
2609:3 August
2569:Archived
2479:Archived
2449:Archived
2353:Archived
2317:Archived
2289:Archived
2264:Archived
2242:archived
2219:Archived
2217:(Blog).
2183:Archived
2093:Archived
2044:Archived
2000:Archived
1963:29 March
1914:Archived
1837:See also
1779:, Russia
1761:Colorado
1569:Network
1267:Pakistan
1214:Mongolia
1179:Marmaray
915:western
813:Adelaide
811:between
747:flatcars
637:iron ore
456:(US) or
454:gondolas
438:minerals
424:(US) or
416:(US) or
414:box cars
394:switched
390:resorted
259:Average
254:Overview
199:(US) or
174:railways
127:Class 92
3090:Caboose
2982:Gondola
2970:Flatcar
2960:Conflat
2784:"Error"
2296:TR News
1738:Gallery
1707:Super C
1280:Zahedan
1210:Finland
1153:Jiamusi
1131:Eurasia
1036:updated
1003:caboose
794:Conrail
665:Germany
607:gondola
517:hopping
492:Midwest
446:tankers
165:, China
133:on the
83:scholar
2998:Lowmac
2855:Boxcar
2764:
2387:31 May
2337:
2215:Forbes
2163:
1757:Denver
1732:Condor
1636:Brazil
1601:Russia
1572:Gt-km
1470:Africa
1445:Brazil
1426:Panama
1317:Mexico
1313:Canada
1241:, and
1177:. The
1157:Yichun
1149:Suihua
979:boxcar
863:trucks
837:Dammam
833:Riyadh
825:Darwin
817:Parkes
698:trucks
696:, and
444:, and
378:drayed
373:siding
301:Road (
283:Road (
178:trains
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3100:Crane
2793:8 May
2750:(PDF)
2686:8 May
2595:(PDF)
2485:8 May
2455:8 May
1829:Japan
1668:Japan
1615:India
1591:China
1564:2019
1531:Perth
1263:India
1249:China
821:Perth
745:Most
599:grain
554:cargo
272:Mode
182:cargo
90:JSTOR
76:books
3020:(EU)
2984:(US)
2978:(EU)
2972:(US)
2910:(EU)
2904:(US)
2883:(EU)
2857:(US)
2795:2018
2762:ISSN
2688:2018
2642:2017
2611:2023
2577:2023
2547:2023
2517:2023
2505:Home
2487:2018
2457:2018
2389:2013
2359:. -
2335:ISBN
2272:2013
2207:in:
2191:2011
2161:ISSN
2138:2010
2101:2013
1965:2022
1604:2351
1594:4389
1583:2863
1420:The
1319:and
1265:and
1212:and
1124:EU28
1077:and
889:TOFC
851:and
823:and
788:for
641:coal
639:and
591:coal
523:Bulk
501:and
490:and
488:West
442:coal
440:and
401:and
366:and
293:35.6
232:coal
176:and
62:news
2006:p4
1952:doi
1755:in
1650:115
1639:269
1628:400
1618:607
1608:CIS
1196:See
1087:See
981:or
887:or
686:ISO
595:ore
577:MMA
452:or
353:1.9
339:1.1
325:1.8
311:4.2
303:HGV
285:LCV
246:or
45:by
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