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According to news reports, Gardner's record has been broken as described below for comparison. Gardner's case still stands out, however, because it has been so extensively documented. It is difficult to determine the accuracy of a sleep deprivation period unless the participant is carefully observed
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Gardner's sleep recovery was observed by sleep researchers who noted changes in sleep structure during post-deprivation recovery. After completing his record, Gardner slept for 14 hours and 46 minutes, awoke naturally around 8:40 p.m., and stayed awake until about 7:30 p.m. the next day,
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when he slept an additional ten and a half hours. Gardner appeared to have fully recovered from his loss of sleep, with follow-up sleep recordings taken one, six, and ten weeks after the fact, showing no significant differences.
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where he appeared to be in excellent health. "I wanted to prove that bad things didn't happen if you went without sleep," said
Gardner. "I thought, 'I can break that record and I don't think it would be a negative experience.'"
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It has been claimed that
Gardner's experiment demonstrated that extreme sleep deprivation has little effect, other than the mood changes associated with tiredness, primarily due to a report by researcher
159:. On the eleventh day, when he was asked to subtract seven repeatedly, starting with 100, he stopped at 65. When asked why he had stopped, he replied that he had forgotten what he was doing.
143:. However, contrary to this, Lieutenant Commander John J. Ross, who monitored his health, reported serious cognitive and behavioral changes. These included moodiness, problems with
243:, on May 2, 1977, after presumably staying awake for 449 hours during a rocking-chair marathon. Because of the policy against maintaining this record, recent editions of
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was reported to have exceeded Randy
Gardner's feat in the apparent belief that Gardner's record had not been beaten. He used 24-hour video for documentation.
93:. In December 1963/January 1964, 17-year-old Gardner stayed awake for 11 days and 24 minutes (264.4 hours), breaking the previous record of 260 hours held by
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ceased accepting new attempts for safety reasons. At that point, the record was held by Robert McDonald at 18 days and 21 hours (453 hours and 40 minutes).
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McGrann, S; et al. (2008). "Sleep deprivation effects within a non zeitgeiber environment: A Grounded theory
Analysis".
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around 2007, decades after his sleep experiment, and believed his participation in the 1960s sleep study was to blame.
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196:, which the participant might not even notice. Also, records for voluntary sleep deprivation are no longer kept by
139:, who stated that on the tenth day of the experiment, Gardner had been, among other things, able to beat Dement at
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581:, Guinness World Records Ltd, 2003; no reference to sleep deprivation or wakefulness is found in the index.
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https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2023/1/whats-the-limit-to-how-long-a-human-can-stay-awake-733188
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Sigrid Veasey; Raymond Rosen; Barbara
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experience and medical response became widely known among the sleep research community.
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Some sources report that
Gardner's record was broken a month later by Toimi Soini, in
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371:, Extract from "Elephants on Acid: And Other Bizarre Experiments," by Alex Boese.
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Psychiatric and EEG observations on a case of prolonged (264 hours) wakefulness
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494:"Eleven Days Without Sleep: The Haunting Effects Of A Record-Breaking Stunt"
700:->transcript of PBS Hidden Brain Podcast with Randy Gardner (54 minutes)
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However, in 2017, Gardner reported that he started experiencing serious
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Phil McHahan (1964). George P. Hunt (ed.). "No Sleep for 11 Days".
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97:. Gardner’s record was then broken multiple times until 1997, when
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John J. Ross. A log was kept by two of
Gardner's classmates from
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122:, Bruce McAllister and Joe Marciano Jr. Accounts of Gardner's
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85:, who once held the record for the longest amount of time a
457:, Arch Gen Psychiatry, Vol. 15, Issue 1, 29-35, 1 July 1966
469:"Sleep Patterns Following 205 Hours of Sleep Deprivation"
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do not provide any information about sleep deprivation.
427:, Ben Best, life-extensionist homepage, undated article
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Neurological
Findings After Prolonged Sleep Deprivation
290:"Sleep Deprivation, Psychosis and Mental Efficiency"
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for fear that participants will suffer ill effects.
410:, Ross J. (1965), Archives of Neurology 12:399-403.
675:Sleep Deprivation, Psychosis and Mental Efficiency
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227:days, or 276 hours from February 5–15, 1964. The
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552:McWhirter, Norris; McWhirter, Alan Ross (1978).
388:Elephants on Acid: And Other Bizarre Experiments
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645:, William C. Dement, Nychthemeron Press, 1996,
467:Anthony Kales; et al. (March–April 1970).
597:"Sleep Loss and Fatigue in Residency Training"
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441:, David Goldenberg, Gelf Magazine, 31 May 2006
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424:The Nature of Sleep and its Impact on Health
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356:. Vol. 56, no. 7. pp. 71–72.
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162:On his final day, Gardner presided over a
33:American sleeplessness world record holder
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106:Gardner's record attempt was attended by
27:For other people with the same name, see
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558:. New York: Bantam Books. p. 52.
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324:"The boy who stayed awake for 11 days"
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231:record was set by Maureen Weston, of
555:Guinness book of world records, 1978
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114:, while his health was monitored by
729:Sleeplessness and sleep deprivation
535:"11 days awake - but is it record?"
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657:"How long can humans stay awake?"
517:"Man claims new sleepless record"
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250:More recently, on May 25, 2007,
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288:Coren, Stanley (1 March 2000).
681:noting Gardner and Tripp cases
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29:Randy Gardner (disambiguation)
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632:British Journal of Psychology
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187:Subsequent record information
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18:Randy Gardner (record holder)
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579:Guinness World Records 2004
398:, Harvest Books, 5 Nov 2007
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49:1946 (age 77–78)
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375:November 29, 2007, at the
81:) is an American man from
65:Longest time without sleep
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614:10.1001/jama.288.9.1116
213:, who stayed awake for
476:Psychosomatic Medicine
229:Guinness World Records
199:Guinness World Records
120:Point Loma High School
100:Guinness World Records
724:People from San Diego
110:sleep researcher Dr.
83:San Diego, California
739:World record holders
697:->Apple podcast
686:Is Sleep Essential?
661:Scientific American
300:(3). Archived from
500:. 6 November 2017.
694:->PBS website
679:Psychiatric Times
651:978-0-9649338-0-4
643:The Sleepwatchers
368:Eleven days awake
294:Psychiatric Times
264:Sleep deprivation
149:short-term memory
137:William C. Dement
124:sleep deprivation
112:William C. Dement
89:has gone without
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734:Experiments
714:1946 births
438:Sleeping In
328:www.bbc.com
252:Tony Wright
194:microsleeps
79: 1946
708:Categories
308:2024-04-12
270:References
95:Tom Rounds
54:Occupation
116:Lt. Cmdr.
623:12204082
373:Archived
258:See also
245:Guinness
181:insomnia
171:Recovery
153:paranoia
108:Stanford
241:England
222:⁄
211:Finland
141:pinball
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455:et al.
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207:Hamina
155:, and
74:(born
472:(PDF)
91:sleep
87:human
647:ISBN
638:(3).
619:PMID
601:JAMA
560:ISBN
482:(2).
392:ISBN
354:LIFE
147:and
46:Born
609:doi
605:288
521:BBC
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