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404:’s Exploratory Device Research Group in the IBM Watson Laboratories. Tsu introduced the idea of alternating layers of different material, A/B, with the correct band-edge offset. While at IBM, Tsu worked closely with another notable scientist, the late L. L. Chang. Ray's theoretical analysis at IBM led to the important concept of modulation doping for carrier mobility enhancement independently of, and prior to, the work of Dingle, et al. at Bell Labs.
400:. The structure of a superlattice has remained a highly productive innovation in nanoelectronics well into this century. Indeed, Tsu played a pivotal role in the creation, invention, and development of synthetic periodic superlattice materials and devices that functionally depend on these artificially fabricated two-dimensional multiple-quantum well structures while working in
412:
These pioneering contributions have led to many current technologies including terahertz oscillators, negative differential conductance (NDC) in the I-V characteristics of superlattice devices, resonant tunneling quantum well (double barrier) structures, of phonon band folding and the related Raman
266:
Tsu was born to a
Catholic family in Shanghai, China, in 1931. As a child he was inspired by his great uncle who in 1926 was amongst the first six Chinese bishops ever to be consecrated at the Vatican in Rome and as a teenager by his US-educated father, Adrian, and French-educated uncle, Louis. His
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in Tsu's career has been ubiquitous electron–lattice interactions in materials as well as quantum transport. One of his first publications from Bell Labs is concerned with radiation of phonons by non-accelerating charges. Another from IBM, is related to phonons and polaritons. He and
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have introduced the concept of wave impedance in quantum transport for dissipation-free quantum waves, where using the expressions for probability continuity and energy expectation an equation for quantum wave impedance of Schrödinger functions is obtained.
267:
paternal grandfather and great uncle were pioneers in power plant and modern shipyard in
Shanghai. While leaving Shanghai, his great uncle, on his death bed told him to remember the old Chinese saying that to succeed requires the right tool.
380:. This led to his involvement through establishing the first Chinese Scientific delegation visit to the US invited by the US-China Relations Committee of the US Academy of Science. During this visit, he worked with the
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Tsu initially emigrated to the west in 1952 to study physics at Medway
Technical College in England for one year before leaving for Dayton, OH, the following year. He earned the bachelors of science at the
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582:
Tsu, R.; Hernandez, J. G.; Chao, S. S.; Lee, S. C.; Tanak, K. (1982). "Critical Volume
Fraction of Crystallinity for Conductivity Percolation in P-doped Si:F:H Alloys".
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is uniquely determined by the oscillator strength of the transition, the deformation potential, and the mean deviation of the atomic coordinates obtained from the RDF.
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Tsu later joined the
Amorphous Semiconductors Institute (ASI) and directed energy research at Energy Conversion Devices (ECD) near Detroit, MI, as invited by inventor
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Of all his contributions, Tsu's most important impact has been in the invention of spatially modulated, or periodically layered, materials – the
203:
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Tsu, R.; Isu, M.; Ovshinsky, S. R.; Polla, F. H. (1980). "Electroreflectance and Raman
Investigation of Glow-Discharge Amorphous Si:F:H".
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spectra, and the discovery of forbidden phonon modes. Raphael Tsu's other contributions have impacted a wide range of materials science.
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and , and providing experimental proof of the existence of an intermediate order. He discovered experimentally that post annealing with H
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for the program and logistics on the East Coast. This effort contributed to the opening of scientific exchange between the
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295:(BTL) at Murray Hill, NJ, developing an ultrasonic amplifier, a mechanism invented by D. L. White, Tsu moved to the IBM,
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The following two papers were amongst the 50 most cited articles to appear in the first fifty years of the journal
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and disorder in amorphous silicon and germanium in terms of fundamental constants shows that the slope of the
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to earn an M.S. in 1957 and a Ph.D. in 1960. At Ohio State, Tsu worked primarily under Robert
Kouyoumjian.
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L. L. Chang; L. Esaki & R. Tsu (1974). "Resonant tunneling in semiconductor double barriers".
911:. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Hangzhou, China, March 24–28. Hangzhou, China.
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beginning a well-known collaboration that yielded a theory of man-made quantum materials,
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From 1985 to 1987, Tsu served as the amorphous silicon program group leader at the
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in 1956 and spent one semester at
Carnegie Institute of Technology (predecessor to
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819:"Phonon Radiation by Uniformly Moving Charged Particles in Piezoelectric Solids"
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The theory and application of the scattering matrix for electromagnetic waves
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The theory and application of the scattering matrix for electromagnetic waves
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322:. His contribution included the first experimental determination of the
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R. Tsu & L. Esaki (1973). "Tunneling in a finite superlattice".
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After several years working as a member of the technical staff at
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Esaki, L.; Tsu, R. (March 26, 1969). IBM Research Report RC2418.
442:(AIP) and were featured as such in APL's 50th anniversary issue
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373:
765:"Disorder-Activated Acoustic Mode in Raman Spectrum of Ga
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357:. His theoretical derivation of the relationship between
353:(then known as SERI, Solar Energy Research Institute) in
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that resulted in the first report on the technology in
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In 1972, Tsu organized a group and was invited by the
719:"Resonant tunneling in semiconductor double barriers"
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Ohio State
University College of Engineering alumni
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985:University of North Carolina at Charlotte faculty
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326:of crystallinity for conductivity percolation in
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391:
865:"Phonon and Polariton Modes in a Superlattice"
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242:(born December 27, 1931) is a Fellow of the
905:Conductance and Wave Impedance of Electrons
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763:Kawamura, H.; Tsu, R.; Esaki, L. (1972).
717:Chang, L. L.; Esaki, L.; Tsu, R. (1974).
256:University of North Carolina at Charlotte
171:University of North Carolina at Charlotte
122:James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials
955:Fellows of the American Physical Society
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670:
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444:http://apl.aip.org/apl_50th_anniversary
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673:"Tunneling in a finite superlattice"
351:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
166:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
902:Tsu, Raphael; Datta, Timir (2008).
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408:Contributions to other technologies
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162:Amorphous Semiconductors Institute
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440:American Institute of Physics
392:Invention of the superlattice
863:Tsu, R.; Jha, S. S. (1972).
643:10.1016/0038-1098(80)90019-8
158:Watson Research Laboratories
117:Alexander von Humboldt Award
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980:University of Dayton alumni
797:10.1103/PhysRevLett.29.1397
671:Tsu, R.; Esaki, L. (1973).
297:T.J. Watson Research Center
10:
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622:Solid State Communications
277:Carnegie Mellon University
566:"Dr. Raphael Tsu, Ph. D."
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244:American Physical Society
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975:Semiconductor physicists
970:Scientists from Shanghai
928:publications indexed by
262:Early life and education
106:resonant tunneling diode
585:Applied Physics Letters
485:Applied Physics Letters
454:Applied Physics Letters
436:Applied Physics Letters
370:Chinese Science Academy
338:can drastically remove
252:electrical engineering
140:Electrical engineering
540:Ohio State University
530:Tsu, Raphael (1960).
281:Ohio State University
93:Ohio State University
301:Yorktown Heights, NY
273:University of Dayton
88:University of Dayton
881:1972ApPhL..20...16T
835:1964JAP....35..125T
789:1972PhRvL..29.1397K
735:1974ApPhL..24..593C
689:1973ApPhL..22..562T
658:IBM Research Report
635:1980SSCom..36..817T
598:1982ApPhL..40..534T
498:1974ApPhL..24..593C
467:1973ApPhL..22..562T
382:US State Department
378:Scientific American
303:as an associate to
231:/dr-raphael-tsu-phd
108:, Tsu–Esaki formula
359:optical absorption
279:) before going to
248:Professor Emeritus
208:Robert Kouyoumjian
889:10.1063/1.1653959
843:10.1063/1.1713018
743:10.1063/1.1655067
697:10.1063/1.1654509
506:10.1063/1.1655067
475:10.1063/1.1654509
438:published by the
344:amorphous silicon
328:amorphous silicon
293:Bell Laboratories
258:, Charlotte, NC.
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153:Bell Laboratories
130:Scientific career
58:Republic of China
47:December 27, 1931
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950:1931 births
926:Raphael Tsu
848:October 28,
802:October 28,
748:October 28,
729:(12): 593.
702:October 28,
683:(11): 562.
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423:Timir Datta
388:and China.
342:defects in
240:Raphael Tsu
204:Thomas Tice
65:Nationality
22:Raphael Tsu
944:Categories
829:(1): 125.
629:(9): 817.
592:(6): 534.
514:References
355:Golden, CO
229:/directory
225:.charlotte
43:1931-12-27
875:(1): 16.
660:(Report).
548:946004753
538:(Ph.D.).
418:leitmotif
402:Leo Esaki
363:Tauc plot
305:Leo Esaki
552:ProQuest
68:American
54:Shanghai
877:Bibcode
831:Bibcode
785:Bibcode
731:Bibcode
685:Bibcode
631:Bibcode
594:Bibcode
494:Bibcode
463:Bibcode
254:at the
246:and is
218:Website
119:(1975)
76:Ray Tsu
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287:Career
192:(1960)
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181:Thesis
136:Fields
124:(1985)
113:Awards
909:(pdf)
374:China
334:and O
850:2022
804:2022
750:2022
704:2022
544:OCLC
311:and
227:.edu
37:Born
885:doi
839:doi
793:doi
773:As"
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