Rat - Knowledge

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and the superior cricoarytenoid muscle, the other of the newly named muscle that ran from the arytenoid to a midline tubercle on the cricoid. The newly named muscles were not seen in the human larynx. In addition, the location and configuration of the laryngeal alar cartilage was described. The second feature was that the way the newly named muscles appear to be familiar to those in the human larynx. The third feature was that a clear understanding of how MEPs are distributed in each of the laryngeal muscles was helpful in understanding the effects of botulinum toxin injection. The MEPs in the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, cricothyroid muscle, and superior cricoarytenoid muscle were focused mostly at the midbelly. In addition, the medial thyroarytenoid muscle were focused at the midbelly while the lateral thyroarytenoid muscle MEPs were focused at the anterior third of the belly. The fourth and final feature that was cleared up was how the MEPs were distributed in the thyroarytenoid muscle.

1486: 1494: 1089: 1245: 1409:, the Alberta government implemented an extremely aggressive rat control program to stop them from advancing further. A systematic detection and eradication system was used throughout a control zone about 600 kilometres (400 mi) long and 30 kilometres (20 mi) wide along the eastern border to eliminate rat infestations before the rats could spread further into the province. Shotguns, bulldozers, high explosives, poison gas, and incendiaries were used to destroy rats. Numerous farm buildings were destroyed in the process. Initially, tons of 310: 605: 1474: 174: 325: 4782: 1684: 41: 545: 795: 739: 1515: 1702:). While the recordings may be of actual squeaking rats, the noise is uncommon – they may do so only if distressed, hurt, or annoyed. Normal vocalizations are very high-pitched, well outside the range of human hearing. Rats are also often cast in vicious and aggressive roles when in fact, their shyness helps keep them undiscovered for so long in an infested home. 149: 1343:, which is too cold for rat survival outdoors, and its lack of human habitation does not provide buildings to shelter them from the weather. However, rats have been introduced to many of the islands near Antarctica, and because of their destructive effect on native flora and fauna, efforts to eradicate them are ongoing. In particular, 1325: 1511:. People born in this year are expected to possess qualities associated with rats, including creativity, intelligence, honesty, generosity, ambition, a quick temper and wastefulness. People born in a year of the rat are said to get along well with "monkeys" and "dragons", and to get along poorly with "horses". 777:

Selective breeding has brought about different color and marking varieties in rats. Genetic mutations have also created different fur types, such as rex and hairless. Congenital malformation in selective breeding have created the dumbo rat, a popular pet choice due to their low, saucer-shaped ears. A

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on board a ship carrying three helicopters and 100 tons of rat poison with the objective of "reclaiming the island for its seabirds". Rats have wiped out more than 90% of the seabirds on South Georgia, and the sponsors hope that once the rats are gone, it will regain its former status as home to the

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Forceful government control measures, strong public support and enthusiastic citizen participation continue to keep rat infestations to a minimum. The effectiveness has been aided by a similar but newer program in Saskatchewan which prevents rats from even reaching the Alberta border. Alberta still

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The rat's larynx has been used in experimentations that involve inhalation toxicity, allograft rejection, and irradiation responses. One experiment described four features of the rat's larynx. The first being the location and attachments of the thyroarytenoid muscle, the alar cricoarytenoid muscle,

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Alberta was settled by Europeans relatively late in North American history and only became a province in 1905. Black rats cannot survive in its climate at all, and brown rats must live near people and in their structures to survive the winters. There are numerous predators in Canada's vast natural

1316:. Some experts believe that rats are to blame for between forty percent and sixty percent of all seabird and reptile extinctions, with ninety percent of those occurring on islands. Thus man has indirectly caused the extinction of many species by accidentally introducing rats to new areas. 1390:

greatest concentration of seabirds in the world. The South Georgia Heritage Trust, which organized the mission describes it as "five times larger than any other rodent eradication attempted worldwide". That would be true if it were not for the rat control program in Alberta (see below).

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activists allege the treatment of rats in this context is cruel. The term "lab rat" is used, typically in a self-effacing manner, to describe a person whose job function requires them to spend a majority of their work time engaged in bench-level research (such as

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employs an armed rat patrol to control rats along Alberta's borders. About ten single rats are found and killed per year, and occasionally a large localized infestation has to be dug out with heavy machinery, but the number of permanent rat infestations is zero.

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but illustrates New Yorkers' awareness of the presence, and on occasion boldness and cleverness, of the rodents. New York has specific regulations for eradicating rats; multifamily residences and commercial businesses must use a specially trained and licensed

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response. Rodent tails—particularly in rat models—have been implicated with a thermoregulation function that follows from its anatomical construction. This particular tail morphology is evident across the family Muridae, in contrast to the bushier tails of

1171:. To help combat the problem, a Chicago animal shelter has placed more than 1000 feral cats (sterilized and vaccinated) outside of homes and businesses since 2012, where they hunt and catch rats while also providing a deterrent simply by their presence. 1017:. Experiments done in the 1920s showed that some rats performed better than others in maze tests, and if these rats were selectively bred, their offspring also performed better, suggesting that in rats an ability to learn was heritable in some way. 656:

in the tail of the rat have identified multiple factors that influence how the organism navigates its environment with this structure. A particular example is that of a study in which the morphology of these tendons is explicated in detail. Namely,

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and double or absent aortic arches. Despite existing anatomical analogy in the inthrathoracic position of the heart itself, the murine model of the heart and its structures remains a valuable tool for studies of human cardiovascular conditions.

1330: 1329: 1326: 1331: 1312:. When introduced to a new area, they quickly reproduce to take advantage of the new food supply. In particular, they prey on the eggs and young of forest birds, which on isolated islands often have no other predators and thus have 3089: 1174:

Rats have the ability to swim up sewer pipes into toilets. Rats will infest any area that provides shelter and easy access to sources of food and water, including under sinks, near garbage, and inside walls or cabinets.

461:. They may cause substantial food losses, especially in developing countries. However, the widely distributed and problematic commensal species of rats are a minority in this diverse genus. Many species of rats are 1328: 1282:

for millennia and has usually accompanied men to any new area visited or settled by human beings by sea. Rats first got to countries such as America and Australia by stowing away on ships. The similar species

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On the other hand, the tail's ability to function as a proprioceptive sensor and modulator has also been investigated. As aforementioned, the tail demonstrates a high degree of muscularization and subsequent

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Rats become sexually mature at age 6 weeks, but reach social maturity at about 5 to 6 months of age. The average lifespan of rats varies by species, but many only live about a year due to predation.

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around the late 13th century, has inspired adaptations in film, theatre, literature, and even opera. The subject of much research, some theories have intertwined the tale with events related to the

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in which the outer layer of the integument can be detached in order to facilitate the animal's escape from a predator. This evolutionary selective pressure has persisted despite a multitude of

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Remy, the earnest little rat who is its hero, is such a lovable, determined, gifted rodent that I want to know what happens to him next, now that he has conquered the summit of French cuisine.

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pitted the space-bound protagonist of a long series of novels, Commodore Grimes, against giant, intelligent rats who took over several stellar systems and enslaved their human inhabitants. "

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are also sometimes kept. Pet rats behave differently from their wild counterparts depending on how many generations they have been kept as pets. Pet rats do not pose any more of a risk of

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areas which will eat non-native rats, so it took until 1950 for invading rats to make their way over land from Eastern Canada. Immediately upon their arrival at the eastern border with

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Domestic rats differ from wild rats in many ways. They are calmer and less likely to bite; they can tolerate greater crowding; they breed earlier and produce more offspring; and their

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The actual portrayals of rats vary from negative to positive with a majority in the negative and ambiguous. The rat plays a villain in several mouse societies; from Brian Jacques's

1877:, humans unintentionally introduce rats to the ecology at the home world of an alien race which previously invaded Earth and introduced some of its own fauna into its environment. 552:

The characteristic long tail of most rodents is a feature that has been extensively studied in various rat species models, which suggest three primary functions of this structure:

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Depictions of rats in fiction are historically inaccurate and negative. The most common falsehood is the squeaking almost always heard in otherwise realistic portrayals (i.e. non

652:, orientation, etc., which ultimately assists it with achieving a state of proprioceptive balance in its environment. Further mechanobiological investigations of the constituent 1300:

The ship or wharf rat has contributed to the extinction of many species of wildlife, including birds, small mammals, reptiles, invertebrates, and plants, especially on islands.

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books tend to be highly positive and likeable characters, many of whom tell their remarkable life stories in the Mouse and Rat Club established by the animal-loving doctor.

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is notable for being the largest inhabited area on Earth which is free of true rats due to very aggressive government rat control policies. It has large numbers of native

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Multiple studies have explored the thermoregulatory capacity of rodent tails by subjecting test organisms to varying levels of physical activity and quantifying

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Research, National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral (1988),

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Inagi, Katsuhide; Schultz, Edward; Ford, Charles (1998). "An Anatomic Study of the Rat Larynx: Establishing the Rat Model for Neuromuscular Function".

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leads away an infestation with enchanted music. The piper is later refused payment, so he in turn leads away the town's children. This tale, traced to

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Rats are frequently blamed for damaging food supplies and other goods, or spreading disease. Their reputation has carried into common parlance: in the

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lineages, due to unknown viral RNA fragments in sewage matching mutations previously shown to make SARS-CoV-2 more adept at rodent-based transmission.

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creatures able to take the shape of a rat, have appeared in the fantasy or horror genre since the 1970s. The term is a neologism coined in analogy to

1351:), where breeding seabirds could be badly affected if rats were introduced, is subject to special measures and regularly monitored for rat invasions. 3894: 3487: 1973:). Furthermore, a linguistic phenomenon when a wh-expression drags with it an entire encompassing phrase to the front of the clause has been named 889:

Laboratory rats have also proved valuable in psychological studies of learning and other mental processes (Barnett 2002), as well as to understand

4238: 2224:"Competition in an invaded rodent community reveals black rats as a threat to native bush rats in littoral rainforest of south-eastern Australia" 1208: 4291: 4264: 6343: 4190: 1786:, repeatedly reminds the other characters that he is only involved because it means more food for him, and the cellar-rat of John Masefield's 6716: 6596: 2989:

Casteleyn, Christophe; Trachet, Bram; Van Loo, Denis; Devos, Daniel G H; Van den Broeck, Wim; Simoens, Paul; Cornillie, Pieter (2017-04-27).

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Casteleyn, Christophe; Trachet, Bram; Van Loo, Denis; Devos, Daniel G H; Van den Broeck, Wim; Simoens, Paul; Cornillie, Pieter (2017-04-19).

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Aplin, Ken P.; Suzuki, Hitoshi; Chinen, Alejandro A.; Chesser, R. Terry; ten Have, José; Donnellan, Stephen C.; et al. (November 2011).

1013:, generally, is determining what to measure. One aspect of intelligence is the ability to learn, which can be measured using a maze like the 3568: 3209: 1959: 1386: 1374:

in New Zealand was declared rat free in 1988 after an eradication campaign based on a successful trial on the smaller Hawea Island nearby.

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Gibbs RA et al.: Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution.: Nature. 2004 April 1; 428(6982):475–6.

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in rodents that exercise in warm environments. In this study, the tail was a focal point in measuring heat accumulation and modulation.

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descend upon rural areas and devour everything in their path. Rats have long been held up as the chief villain in the spread of the

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Selfish helpfulness —those willing to help for a price— has also been attributed to fictional rats. Templeton, from E. B. White's

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Specially bred rats have been kept as pets at least since the late 19th century. Pet rats are typically variants of the species

6318: 4561: 1401:, also called bushy-tailed wood rats, but they are forest-dwelling vegetarians which are much less destructive than true rats. 1059:. Rats have a keen sense of smell and are easy to train. These characteristics have been employed, for example, by the Belgian 4805: 4398: 1636:

created the humorous alias "Ratskywatsky" for a soldier who seduced, impregnated, and abandoned the heroine of his 1944 film,

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European associations with the rat are generally negative. For instance, "Rats!" is used as a substitute for various vulgar

5289: 3999: 1485: 1112:; however, recent studies show that rats alone could not account for the rapid spread of the disease through Europe in the 3868: 3754: 3801:

Watson, J. (2008). New building, old parasite: Mesostigmatid mites—an ever-present threat to barrier rodent facilities.

3403: 2932:"Cardiac and Aortic Arch Anomalies in the Offspring of Vitamin a Deficient Rats Correlated with Similar Human Anomalies" 2062: 3947: 1658:

or misdeed they committed. Describing a person as "rat-like" usually implies he or she is unattractive and suspicious.

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played an important role. Fictional works based on the tale that focus heavily on the rat aspect include Pratchett's

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Mackenzie, SJ (2015). "Innervation and function of rat tail muscles for modeling cauda equina injury and repair".

1665:, the word "rat" is also a term for nonunion employers or breakers of union contracts, and this is why unions use 573:, the squirrel family. The tail is hairless and thin skinned but highly vascularized, thus allowing for efficient 105: 6523: 5873: 3700: 1802:

Some fictional works use rats as the main characters. Notable examples include the society created by O'Brien's

1718: 1574:. Rats are seen as vicious, unclean, parasitic animals that steal food and spread disease. In 1522, the rats in 1339:

Rats are found in nearly all areas of Earth which are inhabited by human beings. The only rat-free continent is

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Rats have been used as working animals. Tasks for working rats include the sniffing of gunpowder residue,

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studies. Over the years, rats have been used in many experimental studies, adding to our understanding of

6570: 6453: 6430: 4672: 2540:"Thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats: methodological aspects and relevance to human physiology" 2263:

Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Kijlstra A (2009). "Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health".

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When introduced into locations where rats previously did not exist, they can wreak an enormous degree of

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that ostensibly collaborate in orienting the organism. Specifically, this is accomplished by coordinated

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rodent will include the word "rat", while a smaller muroid's name will include "mouse". The common terms

250:. Species of rats are found throughout the order Rodentia, but stereotypical rats are found in the genus 2750:"Expression of Msx1 and Dlx1 during Dumbo rat head development: correlation with morphological features" 6458: 5981: 5298: 1978: 1382: 1344: 624:

from a rat's tail relative to its abdomen. This observation was attributed to the higher proportion of

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holy men). The attending priests feed milk and grain to the rats, of which the pilgrims also partake.

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Vincent JA, Gabriel HM, Deardorff AS, Nardelli P, Fyffe RE, Burkholder T, Cope TC (1 November 2017).

1995: 1938: 1566:, from any biological or behavioral trait of the rat, but possibly from the association of rats (and 1501: 1257: 173: 91: 27: 1413:

were spread around thousands of farm yards to poison rats, but soon after the program commenced the

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because they are frequently infested with blood feeding rodent mites such as the tropical rat mite (

877:. Aortic arches studied in rats exhibit abnormalities similar to those of humans, including altered 6131: 5972: 4186: 3117:"Escaping the Laboratory: The Rodent Experiments of John B. Calhoun & Their Cultural Influence" 1769: 1006: 819: 698:

part of the tail and exposing more interior elements to the environment. Paramount among these are

5010: 4928: 4486: 4048:"Pioneering rodent eradication in the sub-Antarctic: the Campbell Island Rat Eradication Project" 3560: 3205: 1893: 1882: 1857: 1124: 1056: 51: 4097:"Eradication of Norway Rats (rattus Norvegicus) from Hawea Island, Fiordland, Using Brodifacoum" 2208: 1836:

as "earnest... lovable, determined, gifted" who lives with a Parisian garbage-boy-turned-chef.

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was introduced, which is much safer for people and more effective at killing rats than arsenic.

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Milcheski, Dimas (2012). "Development of an experimental model of degloving injury in rats".

1965: 1932: 1913: 1737: 1729:. They have often been used as a mechanism in horror; being the titular evil in stories like 1140: 866: 862: 858: 778:

breeding standard exists for rat fanciers wishing to breed and show their rat at a rat show.

633: 514:), which preyed on black rats living in European cities during the epidemic outbreaks of the 6624: 4376: 1147:

equals that of its human population was definitively refuted by Robert Sullivan in his book

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did not generally differentiate between rats and mice, instead referring to the former as

8: 6711: 6218: 6008: 5773: 5569: 5482: 5070: 2456: 2373:"Multiple Geographic Origins of Commensalism and Complex Dispersal History of Black Rats" 1878: 1743: 1629: 1229: 1228:), which will opportunistically bite and feed on humans, where the condition is known as 1067: 854: 518:; these rats were used as transport hosts. Another zoonotic disease linked to the rat is 335: 4160: 3161: 2931: 2388: 2239: 2157: 1244: 6122: 5388: 5210: 5130: 4116: 3354: 3329: 3178: 3071: 3023: 2990: 2967: 2907: 2874: 2776: 2749: 2656: 2631: 2612: 2564: 2539: 2515: 2482: 2407: 2372: 2288: 2030: 1828: 1782: 1355: 1127:(AHS) found that eighteen percent of homes in Philadelphia showed evidence of rodents. 878: 807: 695: 670: 617: 510: 466: 309: 298: 168: 3265: 3059: 2727: 1143:

are famous for their size and prevalence. The urban legend that the rat population in

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The rat (sometimes referred to as a mouse) is the first of the twelve animals of the

1285: 870: 803: 774:. Tamed rats are generally friendly and can be taught to perform selected behaviors. 759: 582: 488: 462: 3075: 2971: 2766: 2616: 1005:

Early studies found evidence both for and against measurable intelligence using the

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The characteristic tail of murids also displays a unique defense mechanism known as

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densities of the tail, along with ample muscle attachment sites along its plentiful

6706: 6471: 6408: 6140: 5963: 5674: 5491: 5473: 5366: 4898: 4654: 4608: 3832: 3508: 3349: 3341: 3173: 3165: 3055: 3018: 3002: 2943: 2902: 2886: 2771: 2761: 2651: 2643: 2596: 2559: 2551: 2510: 2494: 2402: 2392: 2315: 2272: 2243: 2192: 1990: 1868: 1849: 1731: 1615: 1410: 1378: 1270:, is considered to be one of the world's worst invasive species. Also known as the 1136: 1010: 815: 763: 621: 586: 553: 2991:"Validation of the murine aortic arch as a model to study human vascular diseases" 2875:"Validation of the murine aortic arch as a model to study human vascular diseases" 2555: 2306:

Capel-Edwards, Maureen (October 1970). "Foot-and-mouth disease in the brown rat".

715: 6251: 6209: 6068: 5954: 5945: 5900: 5719: 5148: 5139: 4666: 2632:"Preparation of Rat Tail Tendons for Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Studies" 2397: 1886: 1796: 1774: 1699: 1633: 1313: 1308:, capable of eating a wide range of plant and animal foods, and have a very high 898: 894: 711: 707: 678: 658: 578: 504: 225: 98: 6588: 2846: 1100:

Rats have long been considered deadly pests. Once considered a modern myth, the

6518: 6505: 6422: 6077: 5999: 5834: 5464: 4637: 4628: 4542: 1900: 1861: 1687: 1666: 1508: 1478: 1456: 1433: 1358:, some islands' rat populations have been eradicated to protect or restore the 1249: 1188: 1159:

Chicago was declared the "rattiest city" in the US by the pest control company

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of the rat are among the most commonly studied in murine models due to marked

6696: 6690: 5927: 5629: 5611: 5587: 4624: 4572: 4552: 4548: 4112: 3846: 3014: 2955: 2898: 2506: 2090:. Chicago, IL: Britannica Digital Learning. 2017 – via Credo Reference. 2054: 1853: 1815: 1678: 1598: 1539: 1262: 1204: 1196: 1168: 1132: 951: 925: 902: 494: 408: 404: 3615:"Rats! Chicago Tops Orkin's Rattiest Cities List for Sixth Consecutive Time" 2222:

Stokes, Vicki L.; Banks, Peter B.; Pech, Roger P.; Spratt, David M. (2009).

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The common species are opportunistic survivors and often live with and near

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Engel, Peter M.; Welzel, J.; Maass, M.; Schramm, U.; Wolff, H. H. (1998).

3747:"Information on other rodent-related diseases – Leptospirosis Information" 3067: 2498: 2430: 2341: 2327: 1654:– "to rat on someone" is to betray them by informing the authorities of a 620:

via the animals' tails. One study demonstrated a significant disparity in

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and extension of tail muscles to produce slight shifts in the organism's

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for these fibers. As in humans, these tendons contain a high density of

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that allows for escape from predation through the loss of the outermost

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by using short sequences in the storyline showing lab rat experiments.

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of tendons of the rat's tail demonstrate a higher proportion of living

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layer on the tail. However, this mechanism is associated with multiple

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and conversely find them to be tame, clean, intelligent, and playful.

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for destroying crops. However, some people in European cultures keep

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wastewater have also cited rats as the potential source of "cryptic"

1144: 935: 755: 751: 733: 686: 565: 400: 363: 355: 347: 330: 324: 318: 270: 264: 185: 156: 6364: 4700:(Tesis doctoral). Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. pp. 4, 122. 2799: 2196: 1683: 1620: 40: 6497: 6387: 6242: 6164: 6105: 6050: 5891: 5728: 5647: 5410: 5247: 5052: 4886: 3837: 3820: 3561:"Sean Wilsey reviews 'Rats' by Robert Sullivan · LRB 17 March 2005" 3304:

Thorndike, R (1935). "Organization of behavior in the albino rat".

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tail, delineating tendon bundles, vasculature, and vertebral canal.

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is traditionally believed to have been caused by the microorganism

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Bryan Armor; Christine Gregory; Ellen Kiley; et al. (2000).

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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition

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response, meaning that it occurs when the animal is subjected to

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or similar injury to the structure. The degloving response is a

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Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

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In January 2015, an international "Rat Team" set sail from the

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vectors for certain pathogens and thus spread disease, such as

1128: 1101: 1014: 943: 921: 873:, as well as geometrically similar, nonplanar curvature in the 843: 823: 794: 738: 653: 454: 416: 314: 286: 252: 247: 235: 215: 195: 6484: 3777:"New York City's Rats Could Have Their Own Strain of COVID-19" 3429:"Massive plagues of rats swarm across India every fifty years" 2077: 1123:

Most urban areas battle rat infestations. A 2015 study by the

842:, and other topics that have provided a great benefit for the 419:

rodents related to true rats but are not members of the genus

374:, which are their relatives, but seldom weigh over 500 grams ( 6645: 4615:

Johnson, Kristin (September 1998). "Ecology of the Wererat".

1823: 1655: 1575: 1567: 1547: 1543: 1514: 1452: 1160: 1139:, also demonstrated significant rodent infestations. Indeed, 1063: 986: 958:

has become a useful genetic tool, although not as popular as

929: 917: 913: 722:, such as when a predator snatches the organism by the tail. 703: 681:

areas associated with balance, proprioception, and movement.

677:

and adjust accordingly by relaying the information to higher

469:

due to habitat loss or competition with the brown, black, or

371: 278: 4746:

The universal directory for taking alive and destroying rats

4347:

Don't Shoot the Albatross!: Nautical Myths and Superstitions

3124:

Department of Economic History at London School of Economics

2988: 2872: 946:

sequence, and other advances, such as the creation of a rat

399:

that are not true rats. Examples include the North American

3728:. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2013-10-31 1937:

One of the oldest and most historic stories about rats is "

1647: 1643: 1279: 1120:

does list nearly a dozen diseases directly linked to rats.

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specific. There are 56 known species of rats in the world.

3509:"CDC – Diseases directly transmitted by rodents – Rodents" 1163:

in 2020, for the sixth consecutive time. It's followed by

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for scientific research. Since the publication of the rat

3668:"How to keep the rats from coming up through your toilet" 2262: 1562:

in the English language. These associations do not draw,

1518:

Indigenous rats are allowed to run freely throughout the

771: 767: 3144:

Foote, Allison L.; Jonathon D. Crystal (20 March 2007).

3143: 2370: 3818: 476:

Wild rodents, including rats, can carry many different

403:(aka wood rats) and a number of species loosely called 4775: 3821:"Tropical Rat Mite Dermatitis: Case Report and Review" 3379:"Rats for dinner, a delicacy to some, a taboo to many" 2699:"Wild Rats in Captivity and Domestic Rats in the Wild" 2178: 826:

brown rats to study the effects of diet and for other

781: 4158: 4136:"Rat eradication breakthrough — Breaksea Island 1988" 2221: 1526:

In Indian tradition, rats are seen as the vehicle of

4698:

Monstrous Figurations: Notes for a Feminist Reading

1753:. Another terrifying use of rats is as a method of 1570:) with the 14th-century medieval plague called the 1252:, engraving, published by Hurst, Robinson & Co. 532:in the forests of Asia during the beginning of the 65:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4765:National Bio Resource Project for the Rat in Japan 4215:. Global Invasive Species Database. Archived from 3946:. Global Invasive Species Database. Archived from 3294:, Dover Publications, New York, 1929/1963, 186 pp. 4292:"On the frontlines of Alberta's war against rats" 4161:"South Georgia rat eradication mission sets sail" 3869:"100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species" 3693:"See How Easily a Rat Can Wriggle Up Your Toilet" 3376: 2181:"The Year of the Rat ends: time to fight hunger!" 1035:in some cultures, is a dietary staple in others. 1009:in rats. Part of the difficulty of understanding 673:that help the animal assess stretching of muscle 6688: 3970:"Humans outdone by Rats for causing Extinctions" 3206:"Rats Capable Of Reflecting On Mental Processes" 3045: 2691: 1104:in India occurs every fifty years, as armies of 4427: 2930:Wilson, James G.; Warkany, Josef (1950-04-01). 2741: 962:. When it comes to conducting tests related to 4072:"Eradication—The Clearance of Campbell Island" 2724:"Merk Veterinary Manual Global Zoonoses Table" 1624:, to mean an individual who works as a police 982:seems in many ways similar to that of humans. 4851: 3323: 3321: 3319: 2929: 2792: 2305: 1489:Two mice, Vietnam Museum of Ethnology - Hanoi 601:that have been the subject of investigation. 528:The black and brown rats diverged from other 4094: 3477: 3115:Ramsden, Edmund; Adams, Jon (January 2008). 3114: 2802:. American Fancy Rat & Mouse Association 1960:The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents 1477:Chinese zodiac pendant with 5 rats climbing 1387:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 4289: 3511:. Centers for Disease Control. 2011-06-07. 3327: 2179:Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Leirs H (2009). 1178: 26:"Rats" redirects here. For "The Rats", see 4858: 4844: 4459:. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 637. 4428:Clute, John; John Grant (March 15, 1999). 3998:. British Antarctic Survey. Archived from 3722:"Identify and Prevent Rodent Infestations" 3535:"The Most Vermin-Infested American Cities" 3480:"Black Death study lets rats off the hook" 3316: 2847:"Benefits Derived from the Use of Animals" 2822:"Rat - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 1792:requires bribery to be of any assistance. 1366:was declared rat free after 229 years and 304: 147: 4456:Roger Ebert's Four-Star Reviews 1967–2007 4399:"Nevada Journal: Louts and the Rat World" 4366: 4159:Gill, First= Victoria (23 January 2015). 3836: 3353: 3303: 3177: 3022: 2906: 2775: 2765: 2678: 2655: 2586: 2563: 2514: 2406: 2396: 2247: 1907:. The concept has since become common in 1500:(The mouse carries the lamp), Vietnamese 395:is also used in the names of other small 125:Learn how and when to remove this message 4710: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4290:Giovannetti, Justin (26 November 2015). 2844: 2716: 1682: 1513: 1492: 1484: 1472: 1323: 1243: 1087: 793: 737: 603: 543: 323: 308: 4759:High-Resolution Images of the Rat Brain 4614: 4562:Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia 4367:MacKinnon, J. B. (September 26, 2023). 4239:"The History of Rat Control In Alberta" 4133: 3396: 2747: 2629: 1977:after "Pied Piper of Hamlin" (see also 1795:By contrast, the rats appearing in the 1000: 822:, established a population of domestic 6689: 4713:"The grim truth behind the Pied Piper" 4711:Kadushin, Raphael (3 September 2020). 4586:(April 1993). "Role-playing Reviews". 4481: 4479: 4045: 3639: 3558: 2537: 2126:"ITIS - Report: Bandicota bengalensis" 1237: 989:or "lines" of brown rats, such as the 901:). A 2007 study found rats to possess 446:. A group of rats is referred to as a 370:. Rats are bigger than most Old World 362:). This group, generally known as the 277:Rats are typically distinguished from 246:are various medium-sized, long-tailed 6369: 6368: 4839: 4734:List of books and articles about rats 4695: 4452: 4446: 4432:. St. Martin's Griffin. p. 642. 4416: 4020: 3875:from the original on 27 February 2013 3774: 3665: 3532: 3328:Matzel, LD; Sauce, B (October 2017). 2868: 2866: 2055:"Habits, Habitat & Types of Mice" 1694:United States Navy propaganda poster. 1274:, it has been carried worldwide as a 710:within the tail becomes exposed upon 6717:Extant Pleistocene first appearances 6651:6502AA63-E05C-FFBC-19FD-FDDBFE284835 6612:15a069c6-ffbc-42da-a4d9-2d987bc6adf3 6524:43546787-59c2-48b9-8179-bad7e7352126 4582: 4298:from the original on 22 January 2017 4167:from the original on 24 January 2015 3976:from the original on 19 January 2015 3871:. Global Invasive Species Database. 3571:from the original on 9 February 2013 3048:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 2726:. Merckvetmanual.com. Archived from 2681:Brazilian Journal of Plastic Surgery 1553: 1214:Rats are also associated with human 798:A laboratory rat strain, known as a 508:, carried by the tropical rat flea ( 63:adding citations to reliable sources 34: 5290:Bunn's short-tailed bandicoot rat ( 4743:Smith, Robert (Rat-catcher) (1786) 4476: 4095:Taylor, R.H.; Thomas, B.W. (1989). 893:and overcrowding (with the work of 782:As subjects for scientific research 628:in the tail, as well as its higher 13: 5343:Palawan soft-furred mountain rat ( 4727: 3272:from the original on 26 April 2006 3244:American Psychological Association 2863: 2342:"How old is a rat in human years?" 1593:Rats are often used in scientific 1066:, which trains rats (specifically 802:, bred to be genetically prone to 706:infection, as the high density of 14: 6738: 5874:Western New Guinea mountain rat ( 4752: 4647:Poisso, Dean. "Animal Ancestry." 4193:from the original on 29 June 2017 4187:"Bushy-Tailed Woodrat (Pack Rat)" 3381:. Newvision.co.ug. Archived from 3292:Brain Mechanisms and Intelligence 2636:Journal of Visualized Experiments 2454: 2352:from the original on 12 June 2015 1926: 1462: 1319: 366:rats or true rats, originated in 5510:Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat ( 4780: 4375:. Hakai Magazine. Archived from 3775:Mench, Chris (4 February 2022). 3456:. University of North Carolina. 3377:Newvision Archive (2005-03-10). 3208:. Sciencedaily.com. 2007-03-09. 3007:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01220.x 2978:from the original on 2017-08-18. 2891:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01220.x 2308:Journal of Comparative Pathology 2249:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01735.x 2065:from the original on 24 May 2015 1805:Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH 1203:infection. Researchers studying 1167:, New York, Washington, DC, and 172: 39: 4704: 4689: 4660: 4520: 4500:Monstrous Compendium Volume One 4391: 4360: 4339: 4310: 4283: 4257: 4231: 4205: 4179: 4152: 4127: 4088: 4064: 4039: 4014: 3988: 3972:. Science Avenger. 2007-12-05. 3962: 3936: 3912: 3887: 3861: 3812: 3795: 3768: 3757:from the original on 2016-10-31 3739: 3714: 3685: 3674:from the original on 2015-09-01 3666:Klein, Stephanie (2014-10-17). 3659: 3633: 3607: 3596:from the original on 2014-12-17 3582: 3552: 3541:from the original on 2017-01-18 3526: 3515:from the original on 2013-03-17 3501: 3490:from the original on 2013-08-27 3471: 3460:from the original on 2013-03-01 3446: 3435:from the original on 2013-05-21 3421: 3410:from the original on 2012-10-07 3370: 3297: 3284: 3258: 3232: 3223: 3212:from the original on 2012-10-10 3198: 3137: 3108: 3082: 3039: 2982: 2923: 2853:, National Academies Press (US) 2838: 2814: 2767:10.1590/S1415-47572009005000041 2705:from the original on 2009-04-13 2672: 2623: 2580: 2531: 2474: 2448: 2423: 2364: 2334: 2299: 2088:Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 1038: 1031:Rat meat is a food that, while 577:with the environment. The high 457:; therefore, they are known as 50:needs additional citations for 5189:Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat ( 4796:New International Encyclopedia 4101:New Zealand Journal of Ecology 3640:Guzman, Joseph (11 May 2021). 3240:"Animal studies in psychology" 2754:Genetics and Molecular Biology 2748:Katerji, Suhair (1 May 2009). 2215: 2172: 2142: 2118: 2094: 2047: 2023: 1609: 1440:(big mouse) and the latter as 434:, pregnant or parent females, 1: 5029:Kenneth's white-toothed rat ( 4401:. Nj.npri.org. Archived from 4349:. A&C Black, London, UK. 3533:Clark, Patrick (2017-01-17). 3431:. Io9.com. 19 November 2010. 3060:10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70378-x 2800:"AFRMA OFFICIAL RAT STANDARD" 2556:10.1080/23328940.2015.1119615 2016: 1917:and fantasy fiction like the 1639:The Miracle of Morgan's Creek 1428: 1061:non-governmental organization 608:Microscopic cross section of 5299:Short-tailed bandicoot rat ( 4866:Extant species of subfamily 4134:Guthrie, Kate (2020-03-22). 4023:"Hawadax Island Is Rat-Free" 4021:Rosen, Yereth (2009-06-13). 3825:Clinical Infectious Diseases 3697:video.nationalgeographic.com 3567:. Lrb.co.uk. pp. 9–10. 2398:10.1371/journal.pone.0026357 2320:10.1016/0021-9975(70)90051-4 1963:, and Belgian graphic novel 1832:is about a rat described by 1538:are held to be destined for 1368:Campbell Island, New Zealand 932:are smaller (Barnett 2002). 846:and wellbeing of humankind. 630:surface-area-to-volume ratio 575:countercurrent heat exchange 539: 465:, some of which have become 7: 5257:Gray-bellied mountain rat ( 5038:Manipur white-toothed rat ( 5020:Bower's white-toothed rat ( 4673:White Wolf Publishing, Inc. 4430:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 4318:"NATURE NOTES: Mus Maximus" 4046:Cooper, John (2022-12-13). 3779:. Thrillist. Archived from 3559:Wilsey, Sean (2005-03-17). 3478:Maev Kennedy (2011-08-17). 1984: 1717:, to the roles of Disney's 1650:) in criminal slang for an 1118:Centers for Disease Control 1081: 281:by their size. Usually the 256:. Other rat genera include 10: 6743: 6150:Müller's giant Sunda rat ( 6132:Mountain giant Sunda rat ( 4294:. Toronto Globe and Mail. 3146:"Metacognition in the rat" 2487:Journal of Neurophysiology 2228:Journal of Applied Ecology 1979:pied-piping with inversion 1930: 1676: 1672: 1466: 1383:British Overseas Territory 1068:African giant pouched rats 1042: 1024: 1020: 787: 731: 725: 25: 18: 6377: 6304: 6282: 6240: 6162: 6103: 6030: 5853: 5795: 5600: 5558: 5442: 5423: 5401: 5379: 5355: 5333: 5311: 5278: 5245: 5223: 5201: 5179: 5092: 5050: 5011:Small white-toothed rat ( 4991: 4941: 4929:Luzon broad-toothed rat ( 4919: 4875: 4771:Rat Behaviour and Biology 3900:. Government of Australia 3751:Leptospirosis Information 3170:10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.061 2277:10.1080/10408410902989837 1996:List of fictional rodents 1939:The Pied Piper of Hamelin 1871:'s science fiction novel 1393:The Canadian province of 1258:environmental degradation 328:Skeleton of a black rat ( 169:Scientific classification 167: 155: 146: 141: 28:The Rats (disambiguation) 16:Several genera of rodents 5883:Manus Island spiny rat ( 5711:Little soft-furred rat ( 5528:New Ireland forest rat ( 5113:Yellow-haired hill rat ( 5080:Lagre Luzon forest rat ( 4979:Savile's bandicoot rat ( 4767:(archived 29 April 2005) 4696:Fusco, Virginia (2015). 4345:Eyers, Jonathan (2011). 4265:"Rat Control in Alberta" 3944:"Rattus rattus (mammal)" 2630:Bruneau, Amelia (2010). 2435:Rat Behavior and Biology 1971:The Ball of the Dead Rat 1770:The Pit and the Pendulum 1679:Fancy rat § Fiction 1582:were charged and put on 1370:after almost 200 years. 1179:In the spread of disease 950:, and the production of 820:Worcester, Massachusetts 810:also found among humans. 6344:Stenocephalomys–Xeromys 6292:Luzon short-nosed rat ( 6261:Spiny long-footed rat ( 5973:Pocock's highland rat ( 5865:Vogelkop mountain rat ( 5456:Philippine forest rat ( 5411:Flores long-nosed rat ( 5266:Mindanao mountain rat ( 4970:Greater bandicoot rat ( 4811:Encyclopædia Britannica 4761:(archived 3 March 2016) 4369:"In Defense of the Rat" 4189:. Pest Control Canada. 2538:Wanner, Samuel (2015). 2150:"Creature Feature Rats" 1883:The Stainless Steel Rat 1858:evolutionary psychology 1690:depicted as a rat in a 1481:, bat at top of pendant 1347:(just off rat-infested 1248:Rat-catching, 1823, by 1125:American Housing Survey 1057:animal-assisted therapy 694:that can manifest upon 548:A closeup of a rat tail 388: oz) in the wild. 305:Species and description 6270:Kampalili moss mouse ( 6201:Sulawesi montane rat ( 6087:Rattus villosissimus ( 6060:Australian swamp rat ( 5747:Sahyadris forest rat ( 5684:Lesser ricefield rat ( 5167:Tana Toraja hill rat ( 5158:Long-headed hill rat ( 4961:Lesser bandicoot rat ( 4826:Encyclopedia Americana 4814:(11th ed.). 1911. 4594:Lake Geneva, Wisconsin 4532:Supplement I: Greyhawk 4497:; et al. (1989). 4140:Predator Free NZ Trust 4076:New Zealand Geographic 3565:London Review of Books 3306:Genet. Psychol. Monogr 2102:"Bandicota Gray, 1873" 1914:Dungeons & Dragons 1826:'s 2007 animated film 1695: 1523: 1504: 1490: 1482: 1364:Hawadax Island, Alaska 1336: 1253: 1224:) and spiny rat mite ( 1097: 811: 747: 613: 549: 520:foot-and-mouth disease 339: 321: 6633:Paleobiology Database 6219:Sulawesi forest rat ( 5774:Tawitawi forest rat ( 5570:Himalayan field rat ( 5071:Camiguin forest rat ( 4785:Texts on Wikisource: 4453:Ebert, Roger (2008). 3920:"Species – Brown Rat" 3090:"Why do we use rats?" 2826:www.sciencedirect.com 2499:10.1152/jn.00497.2017 1933:Pied Piper of Hamelin 1808:, and others include 1738:The Rats in the Walls 1721:and Kate DiCamillo's 1686: 1604:postgraduate students 1517: 1496: 1488: 1476: 1335:Rat trapped in a cage 1334: 1247: 1141:rats in New York City 1092:Rodent Bait Station, 1091: 867:common carotid artery 863:brachiocephalic trunk 859:cardiovascular system 797: 741: 634:mechanical efficiency 607: 547: 426:Male rats are called 413:Bandicota bengalensis 327: 312: 268:(bandicoot rats) and 6519:Fauna Europaea (new) 5389:Sulawesi giant rat ( 5131:Fraternal hill rat ( 5001:(White-toothed rats) 4643:Wizards of the Coast 4271:on 26 September 2014 4245:on 25 September 2014 3592:. DOEC of NY State. 3094:Cambridge University 2948:10.1542/peds.5.4.708 2701:. Ratbehaviour.org. 1841:Mon oncle d'Amérique 1764:Nineteen Eighty-Four 1735:or H.P. Lovecraft's 1349:South Georgia Island 1314:no fear of predators 1221:Ornithonyssus bacoti 1001:General intelligence 997:has been sequenced. 659:cell viability tests 334:) on display at the 59:improve this article 21:Rat (disambiguation) 19:For other uses, see 6727:Paraphyletic groups 6702:Mammal common names 6339:Pogonomys–Pseudomys 6183:Lovely-haired rat ( 5841:Yellow-tailed rat ( 5783:Malayan field rat ( 5702:Mindoro black rat ( 5122:Heavenly hill rat ( 5104:Andrew's hill rat ( 4776:Rat Genome Database 4669:Dragons of the East 3268:. www.ensembl.org. 3162:2007CBio...17..551F 2389:2011PLoSO...626357A 2240:2009JApEc..46.1239S 1879:A. Bertram Chandler 1761:in George Orwell's 1711:and Robin Jarvis's 1238:As invasive species 1230:rat mite dermatitis 855:anatomical homology 671:golgi tendon organs 480:pathogens, such as 430:; unmated females, 407:. Rats such as the 342:The best-known rat 336:Museum of Osteology 6334:Oenomys–Pithecheir 6314:Aethomys–Chrotomys 6113:(Giant Sunda rats) 6009:Van Deusen's rat ( 5483:Hoogerwerf's rat ( 5367:Flores giant rat ( 4559:, and Dori Watry. 4529:and Robert Kuntz. 4379:on October 3, 2023 4322:www.wigantoday.net 4219:on 26 October 2014 3950:on 20 October 2015 3924:The Mammal Society 3783:on 5 February 2022 3454:"The Black Plague" 3346:10.1037/xan0000152 2995:Journal of Anatomy 2879:Journal of Anatomy 2457:"Degloving Injury" 2265:Crit Rev Microbiol 1966:Le Bal du Rat Mort 1909:role playing games 1757:, for instance in 1741:and in films like 1696: 1632:. Writer/director 1628:or who has turned 1606:in the sciences). 1534:, the rats at the 1524: 1505: 1491: 1483: 1455:against the word " 1356:island restoration 1337: 1254: 1183:Rats can serve as 1098: 938:are often used as 879:pulmonary arteries 812: 808:metabolic disorder 766:than pets such as 760:giant pouched rats 748: 614: 550: 511:Xenopsylla cheopis 340: 322: 6684: 6683: 6620:Open Tree of Life 6371:Taxon identifiers 6362: 6361: 6252:Long-footed rat ( 6210:Small-eared rat ( 6123:Annandale's rat ( 6099: 6098: 6069:Dusky field rat ( 5955:New Guinean rat ( 5946:Moss-forest rat ( 5901:Spiny Ceram rat ( 5211:Sody's tree rat ( 5149:Inland hill rat ( 5140:Karoko hill rat ( 4466:978-0-7407-7179-8 4439:978-0-312-19869-5 4373:hakaimagazine.com 4355:978-1-4081-3131-2 4052:Mouse-Free Marion 4002:on 8 January 2015 3096:. 28 October 2016 2601:10.1002/mus.24498 1846:My American Uncle 1789:The Midnight Folk 1719:Professor Ratigan 1714:The Deptford Mice 1554:European cultures 1536:Karni Mata Temple 1520:Karni Mata Temple 1417:and medical drug 1332: 1286:Rattus norvegicus 1226:Laelaps echidnina 995:Rattus norvegicus 871:subclavian artery 838:, the effects of 764:zoonotic diseases 665:that produce the 583:connective tissue 489:Toxoplasma gondii 360:Rattus norvegicus 274:(kangaroo rats). 241: 240: 161:Rattus norvegicus 135: 134: 127: 109: 6734: 6677: 6676: 6664: 6663: 6654: 6653: 6641: 6640: 6628: 6627: 6615: 6614: 6605: 6604: 6592: 6591: 6589:NHMSYS0000376191 6579: 6578: 6566: 6565: 6553: 6552: 6540: 6539: 6527: 6526: 6514: 6513: 6501: 6500: 6488: 6487: 6475: 6474: 6462: 6461: 6449: 6448: 6439: 6438: 6426: 6425: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6366: 6365: 6329:Melasmothrix–Mus 6324:Hadromys–Maxomys 6212:T. microbullatus 6116: 6115: 6114: 6089:R. villosissimus 6078:Pale field rat ( 5776:R. tawitawiensis 5666:Hoffmann's rat ( 5632:R. argentiventer 5465:Polynesian rat ( 5440: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5434: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4951:(Bandicoot rats) 4899:Euarchontoglires 4860: 4853: 4846: 4837: 4836: 4830: 4815: 4800: 4784: 4721: 4720: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4664: 4658: 4655:Paizo Publishing 4622: 4609:Monstrous Manual 4601: 4553:Steven E. Schend 4524: 4518: 4517: 4487:David "Zeb" Cook 4483: 4474: 4473: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4425: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4364: 4358: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4324:. Archived from 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4033: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3899: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3840: 3831:(6): 1465–1469. 3816: 3810: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3699:. 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Archived from 3181: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3121: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3026: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2910: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2779: 2769: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2735: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2710: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2659: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2589:Muscle and Nerve 2584: 2578: 2577: 2567: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2518: 2493:(5): 2687–2701. 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2461:Rat Health Guide 2452: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2410: 2400: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2234:(6): 1239–1247. 2219: 2213: 2212: 2207:. Archived from 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2156:. Archived from 2146: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2084: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2061:. 26 June 2014. 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2031:"Rat Fact Sheet" 2027: 1991:Chicago rat hole 1869:Harry Turtledove 1642:. It is a term ( 1630:state's evidence 1616:English language 1502:Đông Hồ painting 1444:(little mouse). 1411:arsenic trioxide 1379:Falkland Islands 1333: 1280:seagoing vessels 1137:Washington, D.C. 1011:animal cognition 966:, learning, and 816:Clark University 622:heat dissipation 587:caudal vertebrae 554:thermoregulation 387: 386: 382: 379: 177: 176: 151: 139: 138: 130: 123: 119: 116: 110: 108: 67: 43: 35: 6742: 6741: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6731: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6672: 6667: 6659: 6657: 6649: 6644: 6636: 6631: 6623: 6618: 6610: 6608: 6600: 6595: 6587: 6582: 6574: 6569: 6561: 6556: 6548: 6543: 6535: 6530: 6522: 6517: 6509: 6504: 6496: 6491: 6483: 6478: 6470: 6465: 6457: 6452: 6444: 6442: 6434: 6429: 6421: 6416: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6373: 6363: 6358: 6319:Colomys–Golunda 6300: 6278: 6236: 6185:T. callitrichus 6158: 6141:Bartels's rat ( 6112: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6095: 6026: 5964:Arianus's rat ( 5957:R. novaeguineae 5928:Cape York rat ( 5849: 5791: 5758:R. simalurensis 5713:R. mollicomulus 5675:Koopman's rat ( 5630:Ricefield rat ( 5623:R. andamanensis 5612:Sunburned rat ( 5596: 5588:Turkestan rat ( 5554: 5512:R. morotaiensis 5492:Korinch's rat ( 5474:Hainald's rat ( 5432: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5419: 5397: 5375: 5369:P. armandvillei 5351: 5329: 5307: 5274: 5241: 5219: 5197: 5175: 5142:B. karokophilus 5088: 5046: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4997: 4987: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4937: 4915: 4871: 4864: 4818: 4803: 4788: 4755: 4730: 4728:Further reading 4725: 4724: 4709: 4705: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4665: 4661: 4646: 4623: 4613: 4602: 4581: 4566: 4547: 4536: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4484: 4477: 4467: 4451: 4447: 4440: 4426: 4417: 4408: 4406: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4365: 4361: 4344: 4340: 4331: 4329: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4157: 4153: 4144: 4142: 4132: 4128: 4093: 4089: 4080: 4078: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4056: 4054: 4044: 4040: 4031: 4029: 4019: 4015: 4005: 4003: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3928: 3926: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3878: 3876: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3817: 3813: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3773: 3769: 3760: 3758: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3731: 3729: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3706: 3704: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3677: 3675: 3664: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3638: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3574: 3572: 3557: 3553: 3544: 3542: 3531: 3527: 3518: 3516: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3493: 3491: 3476: 3472: 3463: 3461: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3438: 3436: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3413: 3411: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3388: 3386: 3375: 3371: 3326: 3317: 3302: 3298: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3215: 3213: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3194:on 3 July 2012. 3150:Current Biology 3142: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3119: 3113: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3044: 3040: 2987: 2983: 2928: 2924: 2871: 2864: 2856: 2854: 2843: 2839: 2830: 2828: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2746: 2742: 2733: 2731: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2708: 2706: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2677: 2673: 2628: 2624: 2585: 2581: 2536: 2532: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2369: 2365: 2355: 2353: 2346:RatBehavior.org 2340: 2339: 2335: 2304: 2300: 2261: 2257: 2220: 2216: 2197:10.1002/ps.1718 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2134: 2132: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2110: 2108: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2086: 2085: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2039: 2037: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2019: 1987: 1935: 1929: 1887:science fiction 1862:human behaviors 1856:'s theories on 1797:Doctor Dolittle 1783:Charlotte's Web 1775:Edgar Allan Poe 1700:anthropomorphic 1681: 1675: 1667:inflatable rats 1634:Preston Sturges 1612: 1556: 1471: 1465: 1431: 1372:Breaksea Island 1324: 1322: 1240: 1181: 1084: 1078:through smell. 1047: 1041: 1029: 1023: 1003: 940:model organisms 899:behavioral sink 895:John B. Calhoun 875:aortic branches 792: 784: 736: 728: 708:vascular tissue 618:heat conduction 542: 505:Yersinia pestis 463:island endemics 438:; and infants, 384: 380: 377: 375: 307: 226:Simplicidentata 171: 131: 120: 114: 111: 68: 66: 56: 44: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6740: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6678: 6665: 6655: 6642: 6629: 6616: 6606: 6593: 6580: 6567: 6554: 6541: 6528: 6515: 6506:Fauna Europaea 6502: 6489: 6476: 6463: 6450: 6440: 6427: 6414: 6399: 6383: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6299: 6298: 6288: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6267: 6258: 6248: 6246: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6234: 6225: 6216: 6207: 6198: 6189: 6180: 6170: 6168: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6147: 6138: 6134:S. infraluteus 6129: 6119: 6117: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6084: 6075: 6066: 6057: 6048: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6024: 6015: 6006: 5997: 5993:R. richardsoni 5988: 5979: 5970: 5961: 5952: 5943: 5934: 5925: 5916: 5907: 5898: 5889: 5880: 5871: 5867:R. arfakiensis 5854: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5838: 5831: 5822: 5813: 5807:Bonthain rat ( 5796: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5780: 5771: 5765:Tanezumi rat ( 5762: 5753: 5744: 5735: 5726: 5720:Osgood's rat ( 5717: 5708: 5704:R. mindorensis 5699: 5693:Mentawai rat ( 5690: 5681: 5672: 5663: 5657:Nonsense rat ( 5654: 5645: 5636: 5627: 5618: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5585: 5576: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5552: 5543: 5534: 5525: 5516: 5507: 5498: 5489: 5485:R. hoogerwerfi 5480: 5471: 5462: 5453: 5443: 5437: 5433:(Typical rats) 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5407: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5339: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5317: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5296: 5286: 5284: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5272: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5229: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5207: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5185: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5164: 5155: 5146: 5137: 5128: 5119: 5115:B. chrysocomus 5110: 5100: 5098: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5086: 5077: 5068: 5058: 5056: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5044: 5035: 5026: 5017: 5007: 5005: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4976: 4967: 4963:B. bengalensis 4957: 4955: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4925: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4863: 4862: 4855: 4848: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4816: 4801: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4762: 4754: 4753:External links 4751: 4750: 4749: 4741: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4703: 4688: 4681: 4659: 4638:Monster Manual 4629:Jonathan Tweet 4625:Williams, Skip 4549:Allston, Aaron 4543:Monster Manual 4519: 4512: 4475: 4465: 4445: 4438: 4415: 4390: 4359: 4338: 4309: 4282: 4256: 4230: 4204: 4178: 4151: 4126: 4087: 4063: 4038: 4013: 3987: 3961: 3935: 3911: 3886: 3860: 3838:10.1086/515016 3811: 3794: 3767: 3738: 3713: 3684: 3658: 3632: 3606: 3581: 3551: 3525: 3500: 3470: 3445: 3420: 3395: 3369: 3340:(4): 325–340. 3315: 3296: 3283: 3257: 3246:. January 2017 3231: 3222: 3197: 3156:(6): 551–555. 3136: 3107: 3081: 3038: 3001:(5): 563–571. 2981: 2942:(4): 708–725. 2922: 2885:(5): 563–571. 2862: 2837: 2813: 2791: 2760:(2): 399–404. 2740: 2715: 2690: 2671: 2622: 2579: 2530: 2473: 2455:Grant, Karen. 2447: 2422: 2383:(11): e26357. 2363: 2333: 2314:(4): 543–548. 2298: 2255: 2214: 2211:on 2012-12-17. 2185:Pest Manag Sci 2171: 2160:on 24 May 2015 2141: 2117: 2093: 2076: 2046: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1986: 1983: 1941:", in which a 1931:Main article: 1928: 1927:The Pied Piper 1925: 1901:therianthropic 1894:Harry Harrison 1874:Homeward Bound 1852:, illustrates 1688:Imperial Japan 1674: 1671: 1611: 1608: 1555: 1552: 1509:Chinese zodiac 1498:Chuột rước đèn 1467:Main article: 1464: 1463:Asian cultures 1461: 1434:Ancient Romans 1430: 1427: 1321: 1320:Rat-free areas 1318: 1250:Edwin Landseer 1239: 1236: 1189:bubonic plague 1180: 1177: 1110:Bubonic Plague 1083: 1080: 1043:Main article: 1040: 1037: 1025:Main article: 1022: 1019: 1002: 999: 972:aggressiveness 956:laboratory rat 926:adrenal glands 891:group behavior 790:Laboratory rat 788:Main article: 783: 780: 732:Main article: 727: 724: 650:center of mass 558:proprioception 541: 538: 530:Old World rats 471:Polynesian rat 306: 303: 239: 238: 233: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 203: 199: 198: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 165: 164: 153: 152: 144: 143: 133: 132: 115:September 2019 47: 45: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6739: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6722:Storage pests 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6675: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6656: 6652: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6603: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6437: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6410: 6404: 6400: 6395: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6367: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6297: 6295: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6275: 6273: 6272:T. orientalis 6268: 6266: 6264: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6233: 6231: 6228:Tondano rat ( 6226: 6224: 6222: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6194:T. celebensis 6192:Celebes rat ( 6190: 6188: 6186: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6174:Salokko rat ( 6172: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6155: 6153: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6125:S. annandalei 6121: 6120: 6118: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6029: 6023: 6021: 6020:R. verecundus 6018:Slender rat ( 6016: 6014: 6012: 6011:R. vandeuseni 6007: 6005: 6003: 6000:Stein's rat ( 5998: 5996: 5994: 5991:Glacier rat ( 5989: 5987: 5985: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5966:R. omichlodes 5962: 5960: 5958: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5937:Eastern rat ( 5935: 5933: 5931: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5912:R. giluwensis 5908: 5906: 5904: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5852: 5846: 5844: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5818:R. marmosurus 5816:Opossum rat ( 5814: 5812: 5810: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5785:R. tiomanicus 5781: 5779: 5777: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5756:Simalur rat ( 5754: 5752: 5750: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5593: 5591: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5581:R. norvegicus 5577: 5575: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5564:R. norvegicus 5561: 5560: 5557: 5551: 5549: 5548:R. timorensis 5544: 5542: 5540: 5537:Andaman rat ( 5535: 5533: 5531: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5447:Enggano rat ( 5445: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5416: 5414: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5394: 5392: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5372: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5348: 5346: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5324: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5302: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5282: 5277: 5271: 5269: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5259:L. bryophilus 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5249: 5244: 5238: 5236: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5214: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5170: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5085: 5083: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5043: 5041: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5031:B. mackenziei 5027: 5025: 5023: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5009: 5008: 5006: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4984: 4982: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4934: 4932: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4918: 4912: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4877: 4874: 4869: 4861: 4856: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4748: 4747: 4742: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4699: 4692: 4684: 4682:1-56504-428-2 4678: 4674: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4644: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4604:Stewart, Doug 4599: 4595: 4591: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4573:Night Howlers 4569: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4515: 4513:0-8803-8738-6 4509: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4482: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4458: 4457: 4449: 4441: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4405:on 2013-05-20 4404: 4400: 4394: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4328:on 2019-02-02 4327: 4323: 4319: 4313: 4297: 4293: 4286: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4141: 4137: 4130: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4091: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4028: 4024: 4017: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3896: 3890: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3815: 3809:(3), 303–309. 3808: 3804: 3798: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3703:on 2015-08-21 3702: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3621:. 13 Oct 2020 3620: 3616: 3610: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3555: 3540: 3537:. Bloomberg. 3536: 3529: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3459: 3455: 3449: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3385:on 2012-09-22 3384: 3380: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3311: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3290:Lashley, K., 3287: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3245: 3241: 3235: 3226: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3140: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2867: 2852: 2848: 2841: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2801: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2730:on 2007-02-17 2729: 2725: 2719: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2595:(1): 94–102. 2594: 2590: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2550:(4): 457–75. 2549: 2545: 2541: 2534: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2477: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2367: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2271:(3): 221–70. 2270: 2266: 2259: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2175: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2145: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1854:Henri Laborit 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1816:Rizzo the Rat 1813: 1812: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1793: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1709: 1703: 1701: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1607: 1605: 1600: 1599:animal rights 1596: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1560:interjections 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540:reincarnation 1537: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1510: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1451:, there is a 1450: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1263:Rattus rattus 1259: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1205:New York City 1202: 1198: 1197:leptospirosis 1194: 1190: 1186: 1176: 1172: 1170: 1169:San Francisco 1166: 1162: 1157: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133:New York City 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1116:. Still, the 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1079: 1077: 1074:and diagnose 1073: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1055:, acting and 1054: 1049: 1046: 1036: 1034: 1028: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 998: 996: 992: 988: 985:Entirely new 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 952:knockout rats 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 910: 908: 904: 903:metacognition 900: 896: 892: 887: 883: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 857:to the human 856: 852: 851:aortic arches 847: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 828:physiological 825: 821: 817: 809: 805: 801: 796: 791: 786: 779: 775: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 745: 740: 735: 730: 723: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 688: 682: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 655: 651: 647: 643: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 611: 610:Rattus rattus 606: 602: 600: 596: 595:integumentary 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 567: 563: 559: 555: 546: 537: 535: 531: 526: 523: 521: 517: 513: 512: 507: 506: 501: 497: 496: 495:Campylobacter 491: 490: 485: 484: 479: 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 409:bandicoot rat 406: 405:kangaroo rats 402: 398: 394: 389: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 352:Rattus rattus 349: 345: 337: 333: 332: 331:Rattus rattus 326: 320: 316: 311: 302: 300: 299:taxonomically 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 275: 273: 272: 267: 266: 262:(pack rats), 261: 260: 255: 254: 249: 245: 237: 234: 231: 230: 227: 224: 221: 220: 217: 214: 211: 210: 207: 204: 201: 200: 197: 194: 191: 190: 187: 184: 181: 180: 175: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 145: 140: 137: 129: 126: 118: 107: 104: 100: 97: 93: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: – 75: 71: 70:Find sources: 64: 60: 54: 53: 48:This article 46: 42: 37: 36: 33: 29: 22: 6378: 6293: 6283: 6271: 6263:T. echinatus 6262: 6253: 6241: 6229: 6220: 6211: 6202: 6193: 6184: 6175: 6163: 6151: 6142: 6133: 6124: 6104: 6088: 6079: 6070: 6062:R. lutreolus 6061: 6052: 6043: 6035: 6034: 6019: 6010: 6001: 5992: 5983: 5974: 5965: 5956: 5947: 5938: 5929: 5921:R. jobiensis 5920: 5911: 5910:Giluwe rat ( 5902: 5894:R. elaphinus 5893: 5884: 5875: 5866: 5858: 5857: 5843:R. xanthurus 5842: 5833: 5826: 5825:Peleng rat ( 5817: 5808: 5801:R. xanthurus 5800: 5799: 5784: 5775: 5766: 5757: 5748: 5739: 5730: 5721: 5712: 5703: 5694: 5685: 5676: 5668:R. hoffmanni 5667: 5658: 5650:R. blangorum 5649: 5641:R. baluensis 5640: 5639:Summit rat ( 5631: 5622: 5621:Sikkim rat ( 5613: 5605: 5604: 5589: 5580: 5571: 5563: 5562: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5521:R. ranjiniae 5520: 5519:Kerala rat ( 5511: 5502: 5493: 5484: 5475: 5466: 5457: 5448: 5424: 5412: 5402: 5391:P. dominator 5390: 5380: 5368: 5356: 5344: 5334: 5323:N. ceramicus 5322: 5312: 5300: 5291: 5279: 5267: 5258: 5246: 5235:K. rintjanus 5234: 5233:Komodo rat ( 5224: 5212: 5203:Kadarsanomys 5202: 5190: 5180: 5168: 5159: 5150: 5141: 5133:B. fratrorum 5132: 5124:B. coelestis 5123: 5114: 5105: 5093: 5082:B. luzonicus 5081: 5072: 5063: 5062:Bagobo rat ( 5051: 5040:B. manipulus 5039: 5030: 5021: 5013:B. berdmorei 5012: 4992: 4980: 4971: 4962: 4942: 4930: 4920: 4897:Superorder: 4824: 4809: 4794: 4744: 4716: 4706: 4697: 4691: 4675:p. 92. 4668: 4662: 4648: 4636: 4616: 4612:(TSR, 1993). 4607: 4587: 4571: 4565:(TSR, 1991). 4560: 4546:(TSR, 1977). 4541: 4535:(TSR, 1975). 4530: 4522: 4498: 4491:Steve Winter 4470: 4455: 4448: 4429: 4407:. Retrieved 4403:the original 4393: 4381:. Retrieved 4377:the original 4372: 4362: 4346: 4341: 4330:. Retrieved 4326:the original 4321: 4312: 4300:. Retrieved 4285: 4273:. Retrieved 4269:the original 4259: 4247:. Retrieved 4243:the original 4233: 4221:. Retrieved 4217:the original 4207: 4195:. Retrieved 4181: 4169:. Retrieved 4154: 4143:. Retrieved 4139: 4129: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4079:. Retrieved 4075: 4066: 4055:. Retrieved 4051: 4041: 4030:. Retrieved 4026: 4016: 4004:. Retrieved 4000:the original 3990: 3978:. Retrieved 3964: 3952:. Retrieved 3948:the original 3938: 3927:. Retrieved 3923: 3914: 3902:. Retrieved 3889: 3877:. Retrieved 3863: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3806: 3803:ILAR journal 3802: 3797: 3785:. Retrieved 3781:the original 3770: 3759:. Retrieved 3750: 3741: 3730:. Retrieved 3725: 3716: 3705:. Retrieved 3701:the original 3696: 3687: 3676:. Retrieved 3661: 3649:. Retrieved 3645: 3635: 3623:. Retrieved 3618: 3609: 3598:. Retrieved 3584: 3573:. Retrieved 3564: 3554: 3543:. 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Retrieved 2034: 2025: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1951:Black Plague 1936: 1918: 1912: 1898: 1872: 1866: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1827: 1809: 1803: 1801: 1794: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1768: 1762: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1712: 1706: 1704: 1697: 1692:World War II 1663:trade unions 1660: 1637: 1619: 1613: 1592: 1588:rats as pets 1563: 1557: 1525: 1506: 1497: 1469:Rat (zodiac) 1446: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1423: 1407:Saskatchewan 1403: 1392: 1376: 1353: 1338: 1301: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1284: 1271: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1241: 1232: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1182: 1173: 1158: 1148: 1122: 1099: 1085: 1076:tuberculosis 1070:) to detect 1050: 1048: 1039:Working rats 1030: 1004: 994: 984: 976:adaptability 964:intelligence 934: 911: 888: 884: 848: 813: 785: 776: 749: 744:domesticated 729: 685: 683: 638: 615: 609: 590: 551: 527: 524: 509: 503: 493: 487: 481: 475: 452: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 425: 420: 412: 392: 390: 359: 351: 341: 329: 294: 290: 276: 269: 263: 257: 251: 243: 242: 160: 136: 121: 112: 102: 95: 88: 81: 69: 57:Please help 52:verification 49: 32: 6545:iNaturalist 6403:Wikispecies 6254:T. apoensis 6221:T. punicans 6176:T. arcuatus 6152:S. muelleri 6071:R. sordidus 6053:R. fuscipes 6044:R. colletti 6042:Dusky rat ( 6036:R. fuscipes 5982:Spiny rat ( 5930:R. leucopus 5919:Japen rat ( 5903:R. feliceus 5885:R. detentus 5876:R. arrogans 5859:R. leucopus 5809:R. bontanus 5767:R. tanezumi 5738:Black rat ( 5731:R. palmarum 5677:R. koopmani 5590:R. pyctoris 5579:Brown rat ( 5546:Timor rat ( 5503:R. montanus 5501:Nillu rat ( 5494:R. korinchi 5476:R. hainaldi 5458:R. everetti 5335:Palawanomys 5321:Ceram rat ( 5268:L. sibuanus 5160:B. prolatus 5106:B. andrewsi 4931:A. latidens 4738:non-fiction 4621:(251). TSR. 4568:Dupuis, Ann 4557:Jon Pickens 4538:Gygax, Gary 4527:Gygax, Gary 4495:Jon Pickens 3904:16 February 3879:17 February 3619:PR Newswire 3406:. Ted.com. 3276:17 February 2544:Temperature 2431:"Rat Tails" 2011:Rodentology 2001:Rat-baiting 1975:pied-piping 1953:, in which 1943:rat-catcher 1920:Anita Blake 1892:written by 1850:French film 1848:"), a 1980 1834:Roger Ebert 1829:Ratatouille 1820:The Muppets 1610:Terminology 1595:experiments 1572:Black Death 1449:Isle of Man 1442:mus minimus 1438:mus maximus 1415:rodenticide 1354:As part of 1345:Bird Island 1193:Lassa fever 1165:Los Angeles 1154:rat catcher 1114:Middle Ages 1106:bamboo rats 1045:Working rat 869:, and left 716:nocifensive 692:pathologies 663:fibroblasts 642:innervation 626:vascularity 599:pathologies 562:nocifensive 534:Pleistocene 516:Middle Ages 500:Black Death 313:A rat in a 285:of a large 283:common name 6712:Scavengers 6691:Categories 6294:T. adustus 6203:T. hamatus 6080:R. tunneyi 6051:Bush rat ( 5984:R. praetor 5975:R. pococki 5892:Sula rat ( 5835:R. salocco 5827:R. pelurus 5749:R. satarae 5729:Palm rat ( 5722:R. osgoodi 5648:Aceh rat ( 5614:R. adustus 5572:R. nitidus 5539:R. stoicus 5467:R. exulans 5449:R. enganus 5191:D. legatus 5181:Diplothrix 5169:B. torajae 5151:B. penitus 5064:B. bagobus 5022:B. bowersi 4981:B. savilei 4717:BBC Travel 4633:Monte Cook 4584:Swan, Rick 4409:2012-09-24 4383:October 8, 4332:2019-02-01 4275:18 October 4249:18 October 4223:18 October 4171:21 January 4145:2024-03-10 4081:2024-03-10 4057:2024-03-10 4032:2024-03-10 4006:17 January 3980:17 January 3954:17 January 3929:2024-03-10 3787:8 February 3761:2016-10-31 3732:2019-12-05 3707:2015-08-23 3678:2015-08-23 3600:2014-11-24 3575:2013-03-15 3545:2017-01-18 3519:2013-03-15 3494:2013-03-15 3486:. 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