183:(1842) Balzac "claims that poetic creation and scientific creation are closely related activities, manifesting the tendency of realists towards taking over scientific methods". The artists of realism used the achievements of contemporary science, the strictness and precision of the scientific method, in order to understand reality. The positivist spirit in science presupposes feeling contempt towards metaphysics, the cult of the fact, experiment and proof, confidence in science and the progress that it brings, as well as striving to give a scientific form to studying social and moral phenomena."
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1027:(1893), is one of the best, if not the earliest, naturalistic American novel. It is the harrowing story of a poor, sensitive young girl whose uneducated, alcoholic parents utterly fail her. In love, and eager to escape her violent home life, she allows herself to be seduced into living with a young man, who soon deserts her. When her self-righteous mother rejects her, Maggie becomes a prostitute to survive but soon dies. Crane's earthy subject matter and his objective, scientific style, devoid of moralizing, earmark Maggie as a naturalist work.
859:. Watt argued that the novel's concern with realistically described relations between ordinary individuals, ran parallel to the more general development of philosophical realism, middle-class economic individualism and Puritan individualism. He also claims that the form addressed the interests and capacities of the new middle-class reading public and the new book trade evolving in response to them. As tradesmen themselves, Defoe and Richardson had only to 'consult their own standards' to know that their work would appeal to a large audience.
1422:, realistic fiction invariably undermines, in practice, the ideology it purports to exemplify because if appearances were self-sufficient, there would probably be no need for novels. This can be demonstrated in the literary naturalism's focus in the United States during the late nineteenth century on the larger forces that determine the lives of its characters as depicted in agricultural machines portrayed as immense and terrible, shredding "entangled" human bodies without compunction. The machines were used as a
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be changed through literature, so they do not make any comment on their characters and tend to distance themselves from the narration, by adopting an objective, non-intrusive perspective (yet the authors somehow manage to let the readers understand their point of view). A typical feature of
Verismo is the usage of a language which coincides with the characters' social condition and their level of education: therefore, if the protagonists of the story are e.g., peasants, they will use a popular,
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how we experience it. However, remembered or experienced reality does not always correspond to what the truth is. Instead, we often obtain a distorted version of it that is only related to what is out there or how things really are. Realism is criticized for its supposed inability to address this challenge and such failure is seen as tantamount to complicity in a creating a process wherein "the artefactual nature of reality is overlooked or even concealed." According to
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dissidents followed the habits of this type of composition, rarely straying from its formal and ideological mold. The Soviet socialist realism did not exactly emerge on the very day it was promulgated in the Soviet Union in 1932 by way of a decree that abolished independent writers' organizations. This movement had existed for at least fifteen years and was first seen during the
466:'s theory of evolution. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces (e.g., the environment or heredity) influencing the actions of its subjects. Naturalistic works often include supposed sordid subject matter, for example,
1313:, including a focus on everyday (middle-class) drama, ordinary speech, and dull settings. Realism and naturalism diverge chiefly on the degree of choice that characters have: while naturalism believes in the overall strength of external forces over internal decisions, realism asserts the power of the individual to choose (see
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American writers of the late 19th century, realism was not merely a literary technique: It was a way of speaking truth and exploding worn-out conventions. Crane was primarily a journalist who also wrote fiction, essays, poetry, and plays. Crane saw life at its rawest, in slums and on battlefields. His haunting
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share-houses, as she navigates her increasingly obsessive relationship with a drug addict who drifts in and out of her life. A sub-set of realism emerged in
Australia's literary scene known as "dirty realism", typically written by "new, young authors" who examined "gritty, dirty, real existences", of
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responsibilities and this is reflected in their works, which usually present comments by the authors and digressions where they express their opinion about the way their characters act. This does not happen in
Verismo: in fact, Verist authors such as Giovanni Verga usually believe that reality cannot
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is an international art movement that includes the work of painters, printmakers, photographers and filmmakers who draw attention to the everyday conditions of the working classes and the poor, and who are critical of the social structures that maintain these conditions. While the movement's artistic
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There are also critics who fault realism in the way it supposedly defines itself as a reaction to the excesses of literary genres such as
Romanticism and the Gothic – those that focus on the exotic, sentimental, and sensational narratives. Some scholars began to call this an impulse to contradict so
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Critics of realism cite that depicting reality is not often realistic with some observers calling it "imaginary" or "project". This argument is based on the idea that we do not often get what is real correctly. To present reality, we draw on what is "real" according to how we remember it as well as
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There are also critics who cite the absence of a fixed definition. The argument is that there is no pure form of realism and the position that it is almost impossible to find literature that is not in fact realist, at least to some extent while, and that whenever one searches for pure realism, it
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Twain's style, based on vigorous, realistic, colloquial
American speech, gave American writers a new appreciation of their national voice. Twain was the first major author to come from the interior of the country, and he captured its distinctive, humorous slang and iconoclasm. For Twain and other
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is the basic method of Soviet literature and literary criticism. It demands of the artist the truthful, historically concrete representation of reality in its revolutionary development. Moreover, the truthfulness and historical concreteness of the artistic representation of reality must be linked
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and avoiding artistic conventions, as well as implausible, exotic and supernatural elements. Realism has been prevalent in the arts at many periods, and is in large part a matter of technique and training, and the avoidance of stylization. In the visual arts, illusionistic realism is the accurate
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Most of the earliest writing in the colony was not literature in the most recent international sense, but rather journals and documentations of expeditions and environments, although literary style and preconceptions entered into the journal writing. Oftentimes in early
Australian literature,
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Protagonists of the genre were often (yet not always) poor, disadvantaged and scarcely educated people, who struggled against adversities. They often came from popular environments and their lifestyle was challenged by the progress that society was experiencing in the late 19th century; such
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The official definition of socialist realism has been criticized for its conflicting framework. While the concept itself is simple, discerning scholars struggle in reconciling its elements. According to Peter Kenez, "it was impossible to reconcile the teleological requirement with realistic
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The strict adherence to the above tenets, however, began to crumble after the death of Stalin when writers started expanding the limits of what is possible. However, the changes were gradual since the social realism tradition was so ingrained into the psyche of the Soviet literati that even
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countered this position when he maintained that this "looseness" or "untidiness" makes the term indispensable in common and literary discourse alike. Others also dismiss it as obvious and simple-minded while denying realistic aesthetic, branding as pretentious since it is considered mere
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The burgeoning literary concept that
Australia was an extension of another, more distant country, was beginning to infiltrate into writing: " who have at last understood the significance of Australian history as a transplanting of stocks and the sending down of roots in a new soil".
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centered around historical events and time periods. In historical realism, the structure and context of a text is usually solely derived from a real historical event or time period. As a consequence of this, many texts that fall under this category are philosophical by nature.
140:", and focuses on showing every day, quotidian activities and life, primarily among the middle- or lower-class society, without romantic idealization or dramatization. It may be regarded as the general attempt to depict subjects as they are considered to exist in third person
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published “a full decade before any of the so-called pioneer
American realistic novelists begin to publish.“ The 1860 novel “anticipated these much abler and more penetrating realists.“ This includes Samuel Clemens (1835–1910), better known by his pen name of
1393:
refers to a post-Romantic
Italian tradition that sought to incorporate the naturalism of Émile Zola and Henrik Ibsen. It included realistic – sometimes sordid or violent – depictions of contemporary everyday life, especially the life of the lower classes.
1021:, was published to great acclaim in 1895, but he barely had time to bask in the attention before he died, at 28, having neglected his health. He has enjoyed continued success ever since—as a champion of the common man, a realist, and a symbolist. Crane's
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In the early nineteenth century, there was growing impetus to establish an
Australian culture that was separate from its English Colonial beginnings. Common artistic motifs and characters that were represented in Australian realism were the
1086:, a vast collection of nearly 100 novels, was the most ambitious scheme ever devised by a writer of fiction—nothing less than a complete contemporary history of his countrymen. Realism is also an important aspect of the works of
221:. Starting around 1900, the driving motive of modernist literature was the criticism of the 19th-century bourgeois social order and world view, which was countered with an antirationalist, antirealist and antibourgeois program.
844:(1957) saw the novel as originating in the early 18th-century and he argued that the novel's 'novelty' was its 'formal realism': the idea 'that the novel is a full and authentic report of human experience'. His examples are
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19th-century realism is closely connected to the development of modern drama, which, as Martin Harrison explains, "is usually said to have begun in the early 1870s" with the "middle-period" work of the Norwegian dramatist
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that in the end, the limit that it imposes on itself leads to "either the representation of verifiable and objective truth or the merely relative, some partial, subjective truth, therefore no truth at all."
2409:, 24 January 2010, p. 4: "They've produced the greatest writer in the English language ever, George Eliot, and arguably the third greatest, Jane Austen, and certainly the greatest novel, Middlemarch."
156:
independent of man's conceptual schemes, linguistic practices and beliefs, and thus can be known (or knowable) to the artist, who can in turn represent this 'reality' faithfully. As literary critic
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as the greatest novel in the English language, is a work of realism. Through the voices and opinions of different characters the reader becomes aware of important issues of the day, including the
209:
19th-century realism was in its turn a reaction to Romanticism, and for this reason it is also commonly derogatorily referred to as traditional or "bourgeois realism". However, not all writers of
1145:(1869) represent perhaps the highest stages in the development of French realism. Flaubert also wrote other works in an entirely different style and his romanticism is apparent in the fantastic
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to the literature of the United States. His stories of middle and upper class life set in the 1880s and 1890s are highly regarded among scholars of American fiction. His most popular novel,
1648:
1097:, and the immensely popular realist "roman feuilleton" tended to specialize in portraying the hidden side of urban life (crime, police spies, criminal slang), as in the novels of
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presentation," further stressing that "the world could either be depicted as it was or as it should be according to theory, but the two are obviously not the same."
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also shows the deeply reactionary mindset within a settled community facing the prospect of what to many is unwelcome social, political and technological change.
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1199:, the realism genre developed a detached description of the social and economic conditions of people in their time and environment. Major figures of Italian
665:, in a time when many people were leaving the freely settled state of South Australia to claim fortunes in the gold rushes of Victoria and New South Wales.
1080:(1799–1850) is the most prominent representative of 19th-century realism in fiction through the inclusion of specific detail and recurring characters. His
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Realism as a movement in literature was a post-1848 phenomenon, according to its first theorist Jules-Français Champfleury. It aims to reproduce "
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depiction of lifeforms, perspective, and the details of light and colour. Realist works of art may emphasize the ugly or sordid, such as works of
689:(1910), was said to have been heavily influenced by French and Scandinavian realism. In the twentieth century, as the working-class community of
164:, modern realism "begins from the position that truth can be discovered by the individual through the senses" and as such "it has its origins in
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and believed that literature could have an influence on society and its development, therefore conceived the writer's role as charged with
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territory in much of Australia's art scene. A significant portion of Australia's early realism was a rejection of, according to what the
424:
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Peckham, Harry Houston. Josiah Gilbert Holland in Relation to His Times. United Kingdom, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940, p.136.
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202:. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education and the
88:
Broadly defined as "the representation of reality", realism in the arts is the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without
1908:
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1123:, and which received at time a very negative reception from critics because its contemporary descriptions of the life of a Finnish
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in so far as such subjects are "explicable in terms of natural causation without resort to supernatural or divine intervention"
1890:, ed., (London: Fontana, 1977); reprinted in Proza Nowa Amerykanska, ed., Szice Krytyczne (Warsaw, Poland, 1984); reprinted in
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482:, and filth. As a result, naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for focusing too much on human vice and misery.
506:, meaning 'true, real') was an Italian literary movement which aimed to describe reality. Its main representatives were
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1168:, 19th-century realism developed under the name of "Poetic Realism" or "Bourgeois Realism," and major figures include
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474:, as well as pervasive pessimism. Naturalistic works tend to focus on the darker aspects of life, including poverty,
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Ashton Nichols, "Roaring Alligators and Burning Tygers: Poetry and Science from William Bartram to Charles Darwin,"
1701:""Grecian Grandeurs and the Rude Wasting of Old Time": Britain, the Elgin Marbles, and Post-Revolutionary Hellenism"
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was inspired by French Naturalism, but differed from it in a significant way: in fact, Naturalist authors were more
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278:. Its protagonists usually could be described as angry young men, and it often depicted the domestic situations of
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1866:, No. 33 (Spring 1975), pp. 307-37; reprinted in Putz and Freese, eds., Postmodernism and American Literature.
754:(1977) which revolutionised contemporary fiction in Australia, though it has since emerged that the novel was
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1340:(1886)), began a tradition of psychological realism in Russia which culminated with the establishment of the
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329:. The conventions of the genre have continued into the 2000s, finding expression in such television shows as
1401:, popular and bourgeois theater in the mid-century turned to realism in the "well-made" bourgeois farces of
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195:
2698:"Aleksis Kiven valtava klassikko sai ilmestyessään poikkeuksellisen teilauksen: "Poeettinen peräsuoli""
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Leishman, Kirsty (1999). "Australian grunge literature and the conflict between literary generations".
2099:
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904:(1891), amongst many other works, has traditionally been viewed as a naturalist, mainly influenced by
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The films, plays and novels employing this style are set frequently in poorer industrial areas in the
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1461:(realist song), a style of music which was directly influenced by realist literary movement in France
1139:(1857), which reveals the tragic consequences of romanticism on the wife of a provincial doctor, and
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styles vary from nation to nation, it almost always uses a form of descriptive or critical realism.
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characters will speak in a higher, more raffinate way. The works often present terms deriving from
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characters usually could not adapt themselves to that progress. Other times, the protagonists were
31:
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proliferated, the focus was shifted from the bush archetype to a more urban, inner-city setting:
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440:, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. It was a mainly unorganized
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with the task of ideological transformation and education of workers in the spirit of socialism.
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Britons living in cramped rented accommodation and spending their off-hours drinking in grimy
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981:(1885), depicts a man who, ironically, falls from materialistic fortune by his own mistakes.
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407:. The 1934 declaration only formalized its canonical formulation through the speeches of the
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of nature found in the dominant philosophy of the 18th century, as well as a reaction to the
133:, which had come to dominate French literature and art, with roots in the late 18th century.
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but it contributed to the perception that such narratives were more like myth than reality.
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with the aim of bringing a greater fidelity of real life to texts and performances. Part of
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459:, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic or even supernatural treatment.
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926:(1852–1933), consciously imitated the French realists. Bennett's most famous works are the
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parties worldwide. This form of realism held that successful art depicts and glorifies the
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605:, known simply as "the bush", in its harsh and volatile beauty, the British settlers, the
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1951:
1467:, a genre of fiction and art that depicts magical elements within a realist presentation
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of 1832, the beginnings of the railways, and the state of contemporary medical science.
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in an unadorned realism, long before the work achieved the status of a national novel.
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Many of the novels in this period, including Balzac's, were published in newspapers in
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2534:"Romance - AN OPEN-EYED CONSPIRACY - Wisconsin Public Library Consortium - OverDrive"
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1996:
1973:
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1113:(1834–1872), known today as the "national author of Finland", wrote his only novel
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from the time period of 1870–1960 that developed a set of dramatic and theatrical
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produced works of realism. The rigidities, conventions, and other limitations of
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was a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the previous
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Brockett and Hildy (2003, 370, 372) and Benedetti (2005, 100) and (1999, 14-17).
2727:
Bürgerlicher Realismus; Literatur und Kultur im bürgerlichen Zeitalter 1848–1900
1740:
1406:
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A new kind of literary realism emerged in the late twentieth century, helmed by
1894:, Manfred Putz and Peter Freese, eds., (Darmstadt: Thesen Verlag, 1984), 58-81.
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was a literary movement or tendency from the 1880s to 1930s that used detailed
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Cylinder of Fiction. - The Fiction and Journalistic Writing of Stephen Crane
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1151:(final version published 1874) and the baroque and exotic scenes of ancient
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144:, without embellishment or interpretation and "in accordance with secular,
2503:, ed. Margaret Drabble. Oxford: Oxford University Press, (1985)1996, p.824
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641:(1897)–a fictional account of the life of rural dwellers, including
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2070:. John T. Matthews. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 2009. pp. 161–162.
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The Novel Today: Contemporary Writers on Modern Fiction Malcolm Bradbury
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Babbitt at the Abyss: The Social Context of Postmodern. American Fiction
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authors chose to depict every day and banal activities and experiences.
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721:(1948) all depicted the harsh, gritty reality of working class Sydney.
456:
337:
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76:). Literary realism attempts to represent familiar things as they are.
2876:
Realism, Representation, and the Arts in Nineteenth-Century Literature
1380:. Ibsen's realistic drama in prose has been "enormously influential."
254:
cultural movement that developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s in
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105:. There have been various realism movements in the arts, such as the
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of the period and, in an even more lurid and gruesome light, in the
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rules." As such, the approach inherently implies a belief that such
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437:
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1745:. Retrieved 30 January 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online"
1678:. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington Books. p. 8.
1554:
Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture, 1750-1950, Second Edition
1470:
1389:
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942:, an industrial area encompassing the six towns that now make up
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737:(1957) fared particularly well and in 1973 White was awarded the
255:
149:
110:
48:, that attempts to represent subject-matter truthfully, avoiding
2390:
The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding
2377:
The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding
1599:"Realism definition of Realism in the Free Online Encyclopedia"
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concerns itself with a single-mother living in a succession of
690:
475:
462:
Naturalism was an outgrowth of literary realism, influenced by
370:
2851:
Nineteenth-Century Literary Realism: Through the Looking Glass
2732:
325:, for example, takes place in a cramped, one-room flat in the
2977:
Realism in American literature at the Literary Movements site
1384:
755:
298:
263:
106:
2901:
The Colonial Comedy: Imperialism in the French Realist Novel
2214:"Cultural Transmission and Australian Literature: 1788-1998"
821:(2010), although many of these, including their predecessor
618:
317:(1956) is thought of as the first of the genre. The gritty
267:
2828:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 118.
2775:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
2292:"Australian authors shortlisted for lost Man Booker Prize"
2138:
Kuzminski, Adrian (1979). "Defending Historical Realism".
1892:
Postmodernism in American Literature: A Critical Anthology
938:(1908). These books draw on his experience of life in the
385:'s struggle toward socialist progress. The Statute of the
661:(1854), which detailed a Scottish woman's immigration to
283:
259:
2953:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 3.
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History as Romantic Art: Bancroft, Prescott, and Parkman
767:
lower-income young people, whose lives revolve around a
344:
In art, "Kitchen Sink School" was a term used by critic
286:, to explore social issues and political controversies.
2826:
The Cambridge Introduction to American Literary Realism
2424:"Interviews: Julian Barnes, The Art of Fiction No. 165"
2208:
2206:
1805:
1803:
411:, the representative of the Party's Central Committee.
250:(or kitchen sink drama) is a term coined to describe a
2117:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 217.
2020:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 157.
631:
romanticism and realism co-existed, as exemplified by
582:
Historical realism is a writing style or sub-genre of
2853:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 43.
2800:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 44.
1956:
Glossary of Art, Architecture & Design since 1945
627:
called in 1881 a "romantic identity" of the country.
2878:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 4.
2464:
Bader, A.L. (1963). "New Looks at Gissing". Review.
2203:
1800:
1352:. Their ground-breaking productions of the plays of
125:
in painting began in France in the 1850s, after the
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featuring Philip Davis, A.N. Wilson and Dinah Birch
2773:
Realism, Photography and Nineteenth-Century Fiction
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1939:
John Osborne: The Many Lives of the Angry Young Man
1738:
971:(1837–1920) was the first American author to bring
950:, England. George Moore, whose most famous work is
825:, are now labelled with a genre coined in 1995 as "
2903:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 212.
2268:. Whitehat.com.au. 2 December 2006. Archived from
2067:A companion to the modern American novel 1900-1950
1531:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 507.
645:, squatters and itinerant travellers, in southern
1795:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
224:
2999:
2928:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 469.
2735:Bürgerlicher Realismus und Gründerzeit 1848–1890
1529:The Oxford Handbook of American Literary Realism
1101:. Similar tendencies appeared in the theatrical
2733:McInnes, Edward; Plumpe, Gerhard, eds. (1996).
1779:A history of the Western educational experience
1556:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press. p. 244.
2045:Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society
1993:The Routledge Companion to Russian Literature
1676:The Boundaries of Realism in World Literature
1650:The Boundaries of Realism in World Literature
1504:
1282:is often regarded as an offshoot of realism.
617:—although some of these bordered into a more
217:realism prompted in their turn the revolt of
172:, and received its first full formulation by
2609:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1972. 37.
1707:. Archived from the original on May 13, 2009
984:One of the earliest examples of realism was
478:, violence, prejudice, disease, corruption,
425:Naturalism in 19th-century French literature
307:(1947) is a precursor of the genre, and the
2315:
2313:
1489:
518:" of the genre. Among other exponents were
2665:The Realists: Portraits of Eight Novelists
2501:The Oxford Companion to English Literature
1880:The Myth of the Postmodernist Breakthrough
176:in the middle of the eighteenth century."
2643:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2583:
2137:
1285:
1119:(1870), which was strongly influenced by
2319:
2310:
2232:
2034:
1990:
1931:
1322:Russia's first professional playwright,
1309:, it shared many stylistic choices with
1073:, Spanish writer from the Canary Islands
1065:
377:in 1934 and was later adopted by allied
2923:
2823:
2450:Keary, C. F. (1904). "George Gissing,"
2412:
2238:
2180:
2174:
1902:
1900:
1869:
1849:
1699:Casey, Christopher (October 30, 2008).
1551:
869:Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life
758:and based on Garner's own experiences.
590:
373:art form that was institutionalized by
14:
3000:
2948:
2873:
2848:
2795:
2724:
2641:Balzac, James, and the Realistic Novel
2239:Maunder, Patricia (17 December 2010).
2218:Studies in Australian Literary History
1915:. Museum of Modern Art. Archived from
1526:
389:in 1934 stated that socialist realism
194:and a reaction against the scientific
2819:
2817:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2463:
2457:
2112:
2015:
1958:, 3rd. ed. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
1886:, 26 (Winter, 1973) 383-417; rept in
1698:
1692:
1601:. Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com
577:
2951:Documents of Modern Literary Realism
2018:Cinema and Soviet Society, 1917-1953
1906:
1897:
1673:
1646:
787:. Examples of dirty-realism include
355:
62:nineteenth-century French literature
2898:
2538:Wisconsin Public Library Consortium
1490:Champfleury, Jule-Français (1857).
956:(1894), was also influenced by the
436:to suggest that social conditions,
24:
2814:
2759:
1995:. London: Routledge. p. 174.
1619:
1030:Other later American realists are
451:, as opposed to such movements as
348:to describe painters who depicted
293:, and use the rough-hewn speaking
25:
3034:
2970:
2737:(in German). Munich: Carl Hanser.
2418:
2241:"Novelist shone a light on slums"
2115:The Lives of the Novel: A History
2047:. London: Fontana, 1988, p. 217.
1705:Foundations. Volume III, Number 1
832:
301:heard in those regions. The film
229:
2514:Victorian Literature And Culture
2392:, Harmondsworth: Penguin, p. 61.
2379:, Harmondsworth: Penguin, p. 32.
2266:"Australian Nobel Prize Winners"
1634:
1507:"Realism in American Literature"
1494:. Paris: Michel LĂ©vy. p. 2.
1133:'s (1821–1880) acclaimed novels
963:
908:, Jacob Korg has suggested that
514:, regarded as the authors of a "
129:. The realist painters rejected
2982:"Victorian Realism – how real?"
2942:
2917:
2892:
2867:
2842:
2789:
2750:
2741:
2729:(in German). TĂĽbingen: Francke.
2718:
2690:
2678:
2654:
2633:
2612:
2599:
2577:
2559:
2550:
2526:
2506:
2494:
2444:
2395:
2382:
2355:Australian Council for the Arts
2340:
2284:
2258:
2131:
2106:
2058:
2009:
1984:
1961:
1944:
1827:
1815:The Literature of Replenishment
1787:
1771:
1758:
1732:
1667:
1234:Later realist writers included
1148:The Temptation of Saint Anthony
352:–type scenes of domestic life.
2567:"Protected Blog › Log in"
1647:Kvas, Kornelije (2019-11-19).
1640:
1628:
1612:
1591:
1570:
1545:
1520:
1498:
1483:
1443:, not art, and based on naĂŻve
1000:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
225:Sub-genres of literary realism
13:
1:
2322:Journal of Australian Studies
2183:Australia: A Cultural History
1350:Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko
1024:Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
418:
83:
2706:(in Finnish). 6 October 2018
2187:Monash University Publishing
1653:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1578:"Metropolitan Museum of Art"
1412:
595:
531:(see main article for more).
7:
2622:. New York: Octagon Books.
2571:matthewasprey.wordpress.com
2403:Martin Amis and the sex war
1580:. Metmuseum.org. 2014-06-02
1450:
1307:a broader artistic movement
1227:, who in 1926 received the
1109:at the end of the century.
783:, which are used to escape
27:Literary genre and movement
10:
3039:
2849:Kearns, Katherine (1996).
1783:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
1229:Nobel Prize for Literature
862:Later in the 19th century
699:The Working Man's Paradise
489:
485:
422:
359:
233:
29:
2824:Barrish, Phillip (2011).
2334:10.1080/14443059909387538
2296:The Sydney Morning Herald
1968:On Socialist Realism" by
1739:Encyclopædia Britannica.
1724:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1397:In France in addition to
1061:
915:Other novelists, such as
912:was a greater influence.
739:Nobel Prize in Literature
663:Adelaide, South Australia
304:It Always Rains on Sunday
186:In the late 18th century
119:Italian neorealist cinema
56:. It originated with the
2796:Tallis, Raymond (1988).
2639:Stowe, William W (983).
2512:Moran, Maureen, (2006),
1941:, New York: Knopf, 2007.
1837:. The Literature Network
1674:Kvas, Kornelije (2019).
1477:
1405:and the moral dramas of
1018:The Red Badge of Courage
986:Josiah Gilbert Holland’s
978:The Rise of Silas Lapham
872:(1871–72), described by
708:Seven Poor Men of Sydney
274:, which used a style of
32:Realism (disambiguation)
3023:20th-century literature
3018:19th-century literature
2949:Becker, George (1967).
2926:Art in Three Dimensions
2874:Byerly, Alison (1997).
2725:Becker, Sabine (2003).
2618:Rogers, Samuel (1953).
2348:"A Case for Literature"
1991:Cornwell, Neil (2002).
1972:writing as Abram Tertz
1907:Todd, James G. (2009).
1818:, later republished in
1552:Collins, Peter (1998).
1368:went on to develop his
1346:Constantin Stanislavski
940:Staffordshire Potteries
898:(1857–1903), author of
671:Henry Handel Richardson
387:Union of Soviet Writers
179:In the Introduction to
3013:Realism (art movement)
2924:Carroll, Noël (2010).
2899:Yee, Jennifer (2016).
2771:Novak, Daniel (2008).
2620:Balzac & The Novel
2357:. May 2010. p. 56
2181:Rickard, John (2017).
2113:Pavel, Thomas (2015).
2098:: CS1 maint: others (
1835:"Victorian Literature"
1527:Newlin, Keith (2019).
1286:Realism in the theatre
1256:Leopoldo Alas (ClarĂn)
1074:
990:Miss Gilbert’s Career,
932:trilogy (1910–18) and
655:Catherine Helen Spence
470:'s frank treatment of
444:that sought to depict
362:Proletarian literature
44:, part of the broader
2798:In Defence of Realism
2756:Harrison (1998, 160).
2589:Green Hills of Africa
2245:Sydney Morning Herald
2016:Kenez, Peter (1992).
1952:"Kitchen Sink School"
1950:Walker, John. (1992)
1337:The Power of Darkness
1142:Sentimental Education
1088:Alexandre Dumas, fils
1069:
842:The Rise of the Novel
777:recreational drug use
718:The Harp in the South
686:The Getting of Wisdom
607:Indigenous Australian
200:Industrial Revolution
162:The Rise of the Novel
54:supernatural elements
2687:– Books from Finland
2685:The man and his work
1797:2005 149(3): 304–315
1403:Eugène Marin Labiche
1299:19th-century theatre
1221:Salvatore Di Giacomo
969:William Dean Howells
653:, during the 1880s.
591:Realism in the novel
492:Verismo (literature)
405:Bolshevik Revolution
248:Kitchen sink realism
211:Victorian literature
123:realism art movement
113:, literary realism,
103:kitchen sink realism
60:that began with mid-
58:realist art movement
30:For other uses, see
2272:on 2 September 2011
1505:Donna M. Campbell.
1420:Catherine Gallagher
1356:in turn influenced
1244:Benito PĂ©rez GaldĂłs
1213:Federico De Roberto
1071:Benito PĂ©rez GaldĂłs
973:a realist aesthetic
935:The Old Wives' Tale
50:speculative fiction
2467:The Antioch Review
2454:, Vol. XVI, p. 82.
2140:History and Theory
1777:Gerald Lee Gutek,
1342:Moscow Art Theatre
1291:Theatrical realism
1268:Henryk Sienkiewicz
1197:Italian literature
1116:The Seven Brothers
1083:La Comédie humaine
1075:
771:pursuit of casual
603:Australian Outback
578:Historical realism
323:Look Back in Anger
314:Look Back in Anger
115:theatrical realism
70:Russian literature
2585:Hemingway, Ernest
2388:Watt, I. (1963).
2375:Watt, I. (1963).
2196:978-1-921867-60-6
2077:978-0-631-20687-3
2041:Williams, Raymond
1781:(1987) ch. 12 on
1685:978-1-7936-0910-6
1660:978-1-7936-0911-3
1538:978-0-19-064289-1
1328:Fyodor Dostoevsky
1274:and, in a sense,
1248:Guy de Maupassant
1236:Fyodor Dostoevsky
1166:German literature
853:Samuel Richardson
811:The River Ophelia
797:Christos Tsiolkas
673:, author of post-
584:realistic fiction
442:literary movement
367:Socialist realism
356:Socialist realism
332:Coronation Street
142:objective reality
138:objective reality
74:Alexander Pushkin
16:(Redirected from
3030:
3008:Literary realism
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1988:
1982:
1970:Andrei Sinyavsky
1965:
1959:
1948:
1942:
1937:Heilpern, John.
1935:
1929:
1928:
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1909:"Social Realism"
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1747:. Britannica.com
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1487:
1458:Chanson réaliste
1362:Mikhail Bulgakov
1324:Aleksey Pisemsky
1260:Machado de Assis
1186:Adalbert Stifter
1178:Gottfried Keller
1131:Gustave Flaubert
1078:Honoré de Balzac
1040:Theodore Dreiser
919:(1867–1931) and
568:regional Italian
449:everyday reality
369:is the official
327:English Midlands
291:North of England
272:television plays
204:natural sciences
181:The Human Comedy
38:Literary realism
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2605:Holton, Milne.
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2401:Long, Camilla.
2400:
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2298:. 26 March 2010
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1821:The Friday Book
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1484:
1480:
1465:Magical realism
1453:
1415:
1288:
1170:Theodor Fontane
1064:
966:
901:New Grub Street
866:'s (1819–1880)
835:
703:Christina Stead
677:novels such as
647:New South Wales
643:bullock drivers
624:Sydney Bulletin
598:
593:
580:
541:
494:
488:
427:
421:
364:
358:
346:David Sylvester
238:
232:
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196:rationalization
127:1848 Revolution
86:
46:realism in arts
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18:Realist fiction
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1225:Grazia Deledda
1209:Giovanni Verga
1174:Gustav Freytag
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1032:John Steinbeck
988:second novel,
965:
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944:Stoke-on-Trent
921:Anglo-Irishman
917:Arnold Bennett
896:George Gissing
857:Henry Fielding
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833:United Kingdom
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815:Brendan Cowell
807:Justine Ettler
789:Andrew McGahan
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508:Giovanni Verga
490:Main article:
487:
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2276:1 September
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1492:Le Realisme
1445:metaphysics
1358:Maxim Gorky
1332:Leo Tolstoy
1303:conventions
1240:Leo Tolstoy
1095:serial form
1056:Henry James
1048:Jack London
889:Middlemarch
885:Reform Bill
877:Martin Amis
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813:(1995) and
760:Monkey Grip
751:Monkey Grip
731:(1955) and
728:Tree of Man
711:(1934) and
683:(1908) and
564:vernaculars
524:Nobel Prize
453:Romanticism
383:proletariat
188:Romanticism
174:Thomas Reid
131:Romanticism
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3002:Categories
2885:0521581168
2860:0521496063
2807:0803294352
2661:C. P. Snow
2543:2020-02-04
2027:0521428637
1923:6 February
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1810:John Barth
1751:2010-08-24
1711:2014-05-14
1635:Watt, 1957
1605:2014-07-15
1584:2014-07-15
1513:2014-07-15
1436:J.P. Stern
1434:vanishes.
1399:melodramas
1311:naturalism
1280:naturalism
1276:Émile Zola
1103:melodramas
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995:Mark Twain
958:naturalism
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906:Émile Zola
827:grunge lit
769:nihilistic
725:'s novels
675:Federation
558:language;
547:optimistic
468:Émile Zola
457:Surrealism
446:believable
430:Naturalism
423:See also:
419:Naturalism
360:See also:
338:EastEnders
234:See also:
160:states in
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2593:Scribners
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2094:cite book
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1913:Art Terms
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1413:Criticism
1121:Cervantes
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960:of Zola.
874:novelists
846:novelists
764:Melbourne
756:diaristic
713:Ruth Park
596:Australia
538:Bourgeois
522:and 1926
516:manifesto
472:sexuality
379:Communist
219:modernism
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166:Descartes
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2628:75-76005
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1720:cite web
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