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I wouldn't want to be quoted on this ... We've spent $ 35 or $ 40 billion on the space program. And if nothing else had come out of it except the knowledge that we gained from space photography, it would be worth ten times what the whole program has cost. Because tonight we know how many missiles the
464:
On 28 August 2013, it was thought that "a $ 1-billion high-powered spy satellite capable of snapping pictures detailed enough to distinguish the make and model of an automobile hundreds of miles below" was launched from
California's Vandenberg Air Force Base using a Delta IV Heavy launcher, America's
284:
project, which encompassed several series of launches starting in 1959 and ending in 72. This program was made a priority to photograph denied areas, replace the U-2, and due to public concern about a technological gap between the West and the Soviet Union. It was expedited significantly after the
288:
Meanwhile, in the Soviet Union, a decree that authorized the development of sputnik apparently authorized a program for a satellite to be used for photo reconnaissance. This design evolved into Vostok, while another version became Zenit, which was an unmanned reconnaissance satellite. Zenit was
936:
Gorin, Peter (1997). "Zenit:Corona's Soviet
Counterpart". In Robert A McDonald (ed.). Corona Between the Sun and the Earth: the first NRO reconnaissance eye in space. Bethesda, MD: The American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. pp.
276:
officially ordered the development of an advanced reconnaissance satellite to provide continuous surveillance of "preselected areas of the Earth" in order "to determine the status of a potential enemy's war-making capability".
292:
Both the CORONA and Zenit satellites had to be recovered and used film, making them distinct from future reconnaissance satellites that could transmit photos without returning film to earth.
1323:
517:...photo-reconnaissance satellites, for example, are enormously important in stabilizing world affairs and thereby make a significant contribution to the security of all nations.
2831:
2474:
2014:
1006:
1316:
2036:
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1309:
3133:
2983:
2308:
232:
In the United States, most information available about reconnaissance satellites is on programs that existed up to 1972, as this information has been
1139:"Commercial Satellite Imagery Companies Partner with the U.S. Geological Survey in Support of the International Charter "Space and Major Disasters""
2809:
2824:
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2452:
280:
During the mid-late 1950s, both the United States and the Soviet Union took interest into reconnaissance satellites. The United States began the
501:. We were doing things we didn't need to do. We were building things we didn't need to build. We were harboring fears we didn't need to harbor.
55:
468:
On 17 February 2014, a
Russian Kosmos-1220 originally launched in 1980 and used for naval missile targeting until 1982, made an uncontrolled
1039:
859:
2044:
484:. In 1968, after gaining satellite photography, the United States' intelligence agencies were able to state with certainty that "No new
2817:
2603:
2460:
2029:
770:
645:
17:
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1999:
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A few up-to-date reconnaissance satellite images have been declassified on occasion, or leaked, as in the case of
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have provided commercial satellite imagery in support of natural disaster response and humanitarian missions.
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1241:. Berlin; New York: Springer; Chichester, UK: In association with Praxis Publishing.
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argued that all of humanity benefited from the presence of
American spy satellites:
289:
launched from 1961 to 1994, however the last flight in 1994 was as a test payload.
3758:
3587:
3544:
3510:
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3412:
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3207:
2352:
918:. Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency. p. xiii.
565:
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1980:
1975:
1961:
1956:
1951:
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377:
261:
106:
A list of the types of U.S. reconnaissance satellites deployed from 1960 onward
27:
Satellite that covertly collects data for intelligence or military applications
521:
Reconnaissance satellites have been used to enforce human rights, through the
225:. Later, spacecraft had digital imaging systems and downloaded the images via
3905:
3798:
3715:
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909:
808:
600:
488:
complexes have been established in the USSR during the past year". President
923:
217:
which would descend back down into Earth's atmosphere. Corona capsules were
3855:
3790:
3459:
3444:
3145:
3140:
2153:
2125:
2110:
1730:
560:. Some works of fiction that focus specifically on spy satellites include:
541:
510:
254:
1654:
1366:
914:
United States; Central
Intelligence Agency; Ruffner, Kevin Conley (1995).
689:
236:
due to its age. Some information about programs before that time is still
102:
3683:
3549:
3239:
3222:
3094:
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2949:
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2115:
2072:
1860:
1855:
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1530:
1525:
553:
530:
498:
405:
240:, and a small amount of information is available on subsequent missions.
3817:
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3123:
2105:
1593:
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1555:
1520:
1515:
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481:
123:
1212:
America's Secret Eyes in Space: the U.S. Keyhole Spy
Satellite Program
3827:
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3180:
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1879:
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199:
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1817:
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1477:
1467:
1071:
155:
119:
1291:
Spaceports Around the World: Iraq's Al-Anbar Space
Research Center
1040:"Monster rocket to blast off from Pacific coast, rattle Southland"
2758:
2613:
2437:
2237:
1687:
1583:
1578:
1448:
1443:
1068:"Fragments of Soviet-Era Satellite Burn Up in Earth's Atmosphere"
1024:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
951:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
908:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1269:
FAS Intelligence
Resource Program – Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)
860:"Sputnik launched — History.com This Day in History — 10/4/1957"
825:
Into the
Unknown Together – The DOD, NASA, and Early Spaceflight
3641:
3505:
3032:
2885:
2847:
2842:
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2753:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2598:
2593:
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2583:
2578:
2573:
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1932:
1927:
1664:
1659:
1635:
1630:
1616:
1598:
1347:
1342:
537:
480:
During the 1950s, a Soviet hoax had led to
American fears of a
433:
358:
260:
a classified image of the aftermath of a failed test of Iran's
162:
138:
130:
3063:
797:"Trump Tweeted a Sensitive Photo. Internet Sleuths Decoded It"
2875:
2490:
2485:
2410:
2337:
1898:
1893:
1749:
1744:
1711:
1706:
1496:
1491:
1268:
526:
426:
354:
244:
3027:
485:
409:
300:
There are several major types of reconnaissance satellite.
150:
1239:
Spies in the Sky: Surveillance Satellites in War and Peace
741:
Wright, Michael; Herron, Caroline Rand (8 December 1985).
3522:
3022:
1113:"The State of the Union Annual Message to the Congress"
611:
1031:
771:"Trump Tweets Sensitive Surveillance Image of Iran"
182:(commonly, although unofficially, referred to as a
158:
reconnaissance satellite inside a Cosmos-3M rocket.
1205:
465:highest-payload space launch vehicle at the time.
3903:
1085:
1336:(excluding China, Russia and the United States)
762:
734:
421:Examples of reconnaissance satellite missions:
2403:
1065:
1037:
1005:. U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. April 2008.
213:) took photographs, then ejected canisters of
3079:
2825:
2468:
2030:
1317:
52:The examples and perspective in this article
2785:
1091:
740:
319:Provides warning of an attack by detecting
3086:
3072:
2832:
2818:
2475:
2461:
2037:
2023:
1721:
1458:
1324:
1310:
1170:
704:
646:List of intelligence gathering disciplines
2430:
674:
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
916:CORONA America's first satellite program
821:
794:
768:
432:Measurement and Signature Intelligence (
161:
149:
137:
129:
109:
101:
3571:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
14:
3904:
3593:Psychological and sociological effects
1236:
3067:
2813:
2456:
2018:
1305:
795:Oberhaus, Daniel (3 September 2019).
1990:
1942:
1870:
1832:
1759:
552:Spy satellites are commonly seen in
38:
1066:Melissa Goldin (17 February 2014).
995:
886:Encyclopedia of Space and Astronomy
24:
3302:Weather and environment monitoring
1274:Iran to Launch first spy satellite
1164:
1009:from the original on 21 April 2019
1003:"The Navy's Spy Missions in Space"
769:Brumfiel, Geoff (30 August 2019).
404:. Can be used at night or through
25:
3938:
1262:
1119:. The American Presidency Project
1038:Hennigan, W.J. (27 August 2013).
884:Angelo, Joseph A. (14 May 2014).
205:The first generation type (i.e.,
3885:
3875:
3874:
2841:
2484:
2046:
1979:
1931:
1897:
1859:
1821:
1748:
1710:
1634:
1495:
1447:
1346:
1296:Military Intelligence Satellites
1019:
946:
903:
614:
536:Additionally, companies such as
408:. Earliest known are the Soviet
43:
3346:Space launch market competition
3093:
1298:(NASA, remote sensing tutorial)
1147:United States Geological Survey
1131:
1117:1980 State of the Union Address
1105:
1059:
972:
940:
930:
686:National Reconnaissance Office]
641:European Union Satellite Centre
525:, which monitors atrocities in
507:1980 State of the Union Address
247:photographs which were sent to
3583:Health threat from cosmic rays
897:
878:
862:. 7 March 2010. Archived from
852:
815:
788:
716:Mission and Spacecraft Library
656:National Reconnaissance Office
497:enemy has and, it turned out,
439:Communications eavesdropping (
376:can be a survey or close-look
13:
1:
801:Wired (San Francisco, Calif.)
667:
594:Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran
547:
460:Detection of missile launches
425:High resolution photography (
323:launches. Earliest known are
3927:Earth observation satellites
366:Optical imaging surveillance
325:Missile Defense Alarm System
144:Lacrosse radar spy satellite
7:
3699:Self-replicating spacecraft
3535:International Space Station
607:
475:
416:
332:Nuclear explosion detection
314:Space-Based Infrared System
285:shooting of a U-2 in 1960.
188:Earth observation satellite
66:, discuss the issue on the
10:
3943:
3213:Space Liability Convention
2271:Geosynchronous Earth orbit
1101:. NASA. pp. 191, 198.
1098:The Space Shuttle Decision
523:Satellite Sentinel Project
492:told a gathering in 1967:
393:Radar imaging surveillance
336:Detects nuclear detonation
307:
267:
29:
3912:Reconnaissance satellites
3869:
3836:
3789:
3741:
3627:
3576:Space adaptation syndrome
3563:
3468:
3388:
3379:
3267:
3101:
3052:
3015:
3006:
2971:
2962:
2935:
2906:
2866:
2857:
2851:reconnaissance satellites
2776:
2739:
2721:
2712:
2690:
2652:
2509:
2500:
2494:reconnaissance satellites
2423:
2396:
2361:
2330:
2321:
2269:
2246:
2213:
2204:
2172:
2139:
2071:
2062:
2056:reconnaissance satellites
1974:
1926:
1908:
1892:
1854:
1816:
1743:
1705:
1673:
1645:
1629:
1607:
1569:
1506:
1490:
1442:
1400:
1357:
1341:
1334:reconnaissance satellites
651:List of Kosmos satellites
347:Electronic reconnaissance
253:in 1984, or US President
18:Reconnaissance satellites
3309:Communications satellite
2654:Synthetic-aperture radar
2174:Synthetic-aperture radar
1279:12 December 2005 at the
981:reconnaissance satellite
831:. Air University Press.
499:our guesses were way off
455:National Technical Means
402:synthetic-aperture radar
370:Earth imaging satellites
295:
221:as they floated down on
192:communications satellite
176:reconnaissance satellite
166:Microwave interception (
30:Not to be confused with
3813:reusable launch systems
3430:Extravehicular activity
3341:Commercial use of space
3245:Militarisation of space
3218:Registration Convention
3134:Accidents and incidents
2248:Highly elliptical orbit
2164:Enhanced Imaging System
822:Erickson, Mark (2005).
743:"Two Years for Morison"
635:Defense Support Program
384:is the earliest known.
310:Defense Support Program
274:United States Air Force
3861:Mission control center
3823:Non-rocket spacelaunch
3257:Billionaire space race
1382:Pléiades Neo 3 & 4
1182:Rosen Publishing Group
519:
503:
361:is the earliest known.
342:is the earliest known.
272:On 16 March 1955, the
238:classified information
180:intelligence satellite
171:
159:
147:
135:
134:KH-4B Corona satellite
127:
107:
3711:Spacecraft propulsion
3161:European Space Agency
1286:Egyptsat1 (MisrSat 1)
848:on 20 September 2009.
630:Aerial reconnaissance
515:
494:
446:Covert communications
304:Missile early warning
250:Jane's Defence Weekly
165:
153:
141:
133:
113:
105:
3336:Satellite navigation
1377:Pléiades IA & IB
1237:Norris, Pat (2008).
1215:. Harper & Row.
888:. Infobase. p. 489.
351:Signals intelligence
219:retrieved in mid-air
154:A model of a German
72:create a new article
64:improve this article
54:may not represent a
3721:Electric propulsion
3408:Life-support system
3292:Imagery and mapping
3252:Private spaceflight
2692:Interferometric SAR
1247:2008spsk.book.....N
1093:Heppenheimer, T. A.
960:. NASA. 14 May 2020
692:on 22 February 2014
353:, intercepts stray
118:'s compound in the
3922:Satellites by type
3674:Robotic spacecraft
3600:Space and survival
3455:Space colonization
3351:Space architecture
3203:Outer Space Treaty
1688:Ofeq-10 (TecSAR 2)
1372:HĂ©lios 2A & 2B
1367:HĂ©lios IA & IB
1207:Richelson, Jeffrey
748:The New York Times
662:Satcom on the Move
622:Spaceflight portal
573:Enemy of the State
398:space-based radars
172:
160:
148:
146:under construction
136:
128:
108:
32:military satellite
3917:Espionage devices
3899:
3898:
3846:Flight controller
3623:
3622:
3381:Human spaceflight
3356:Space exploration
3282:Earth observation
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3016:Secondary Mission
3002:
3001:
2958:
2957:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2772:
2771:
2708:
2707:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2419:
2418:
2392:
2391:
2362:Secondary mission
2317:
2316:
2299:Rhyolite/Aquacade
2200:
2199:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1970:
1969:
1922:
1921:
1888:
1887:
1850:
1849:
1812:
1811:
1739:
1738:
1701:
1700:
1625:
1624:
1486:
1485:
1438:
1437:
1045:Los Angeles Times
587:Ice Station Zebra
490:Lyndon B. Johnson
470:atmospheric entry
321:ballistic missile
215:photographic film
100:
99:
92:
74:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
3934:
3889:
3878:
3877:
3588:Space psychology
3413:Animals in space
3386:
3385:
3366:Space technology
3208:Rescue Agreement
3088:
3081:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3013:
3012:
2969:
2968:
2864:
2863:
2846:
2845:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2783:
2782:
2719:
2718:
2507:
2506:
2489:
2488:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2428:
2427:
2401:
2400:
2328:
2327:
2211:
2210:
2069:
2068:
2051:
2050:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2016:
2015:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1258:
1226:
1195:
1172:Kupperberg, Paul
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1014:
999:
993:
992:
991:
989:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
950:
949:
944:
938:
934:
928:
927:
907:
906:
901:
895:
882:
876:
875:
873:
871:
856:
850:
849:
847:
841:. Archived from
830:
819:
813:
812:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
738:
732:
731:
729:
727:
722:on 7 August 2011
718:. Archived from
712:"Corona Program"
708:
702:
701:
699:
697:
688:. Archived from
682:"Corona History"
678:
624:
619:
618:
617:
566:The OMAC Project
558:military fiction
453:compliance (see
451:nuclear test ban
386:Spectral imaging
374:Satellite images
264:rocket in 2019.
126:made by the CIA.
95:
88:
84:
81:
75:
47:
46:
39:
21:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3865:
3832:
3804:Escape velocity
3785:
3737:
3704:Space telescope
3657:Reentry capsule
3619:
3559:
3464:
3435:Overview effect
3418:Bioastronautics
3375:
3263:
3097:
3092:
3062:
3057:
3044:
2998:
2954:
2931:
2908:Electro-optical
2902:
2853:
2840:
2838:
2808:
2799:
2768:
2735:
2704:
2686:
2648:
2511:Electro-optical
2496:
2483:
2481:
2451:
2442:
2415:
2404:Primary mission
2388:
2357:
2331:Primary mission
2313:
2265:
2242:
2215:Low Earth orbit
2196:
2168:
2141:Electro-optical
2135:
2058:
2045:
2043:
2013:
2004:
1978:
1966:
1930:
1918:
1896:
1884:
1858:
1846:
1820:
1808:
1747:
1735:
1709:
1697:
1683:Ofeq-8 (TecSAR)
1669:
1633:
1621:
1603:
1565:
1494:
1482:
1446:
1434:
1396:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1281:Wayback Machine
1265:
1223:
1192:
1167:
1165:Further reading
1162:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1036:
1032:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1001:
1000:
996:
987:
985:
978:
977:
973:
963:
961:
956:
947:
945:
941:
935:
931:
904:
902:
898:
883:
879:
869:
867:
866:on 7 March 2010
858:
857:
853:
845:
839:
828:
820:
816:
793:
789:
779:
777:
767:
763:
753:
751:
739:
735:
725:
723:
710:
709:
705:
695:
693:
680:
679:
675:
670:
620:
615:
613:
610:
550:
478:
419:
388:is commonplace.
316:
308:Main articles:
298:
270:
116:Osama bin Laden
114:Aerial view of
96:
85:
79:
76:
61:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3940:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3882:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3851:Ground station
3848:
3842:
3840:
3838:Ground segment
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3771:Interplanetary
3768:
3767:
3766:
3764:Geosynchronous
3761:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3731:Gravity assist
3728:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3662:Service module
3659:
3654:
3652:Orbital module
3644:
3639:
3637:Launch vehicle
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3615:Space sexology
3612:
3607:
3605:Space medicine
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3440:Weightlessness
3437:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3392:
3390:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:Space research
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3297:Reconnaissance
3294:
3289:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3166:European Union
3163:
3158:
3153:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
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2941:
2939:
2933:
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2930:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2417:
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2414:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2398:
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2359:
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2350:
2345:
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2334:
2332:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:Mentor (Orion)
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1976:United Kingdom
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1865:
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1848:
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1845:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1827:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
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1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1741:
1740:
1737:
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1734:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1716:
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1699:
1698:
1696:
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1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
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1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
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1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1339:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1271:
1264:
1263:External links
1261:
1260:
1259:
1234:
1221:
1203:
1190:
1177:Spy satellites
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1130:
1104:
1084:
1058:
1030:
994:
971:
958:"Discoverer 1"
939:
929:
896:
877:
851:
837:
814:
787:
761:
733:
703:
672:
671:
669:
666:
665:
664:
659:
653:
648:
643:
638:
632:
626:
625:
609:
606:
605:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
549:
546:
477:
474:
462:
461:
458:
449:Monitoring of
447:
444:
437:
430:
418:
415:
414:
413:
394:
390:
389:
367:
363:
362:
348:
344:
343:
333:
329:
328:
306:
305:
297:
294:
269:
266:
202:applications.
98:
97:
58:of the subject
56:worldwide view
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3939:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Direct ascent
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3781:Intergalactic
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:Rocket engine
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:Space capsule
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:Space nursing
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:Health issues
3562:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:Space Shuttle
3516:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Space tourism
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3371:Space weather
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3235:Space command
3233:
3232:
3231:
3230:Space warfare
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3191:United States
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Astrodynamics
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3056:
3051:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2787:Early Warning
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Early Warning
2775:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
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2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
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2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
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2512:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2499:
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2473:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2439:
2436:
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2429:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:KH-8 Gambit 3
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2053:United States
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3791:Space launch
3776:Interstellar
3742:Destinations
3511:Apollo–Soyuz
3460:Space diving
3445:Space toilet
3296:
3269:Applications
3186:Soviet Union
3146:Space policy
3141:Space launch
2868:Photographic
2850:
2493:
2154:KH-11 Kennen
2131:KH-10 Dorian
2126:KH-9 Hexagon
2111:KH-6 Lanyard
2101:KH-4B Corona
2096:KH-4A Corona
2073:Photographic
2055:
1731:COSMO-SkyMed
1333:
1238:
1211:
1176:
1150:. Retrieved
1142:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1116:
1107:
1097:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1043:
1033:
1011:. Retrieved
997:
986:, retrieved
984:, Infoplease
980:
974:
962:. Retrieved
942:
932:
915:
899:
880:
868:. Retrieved
864:the original
854:
843:the original
824:
817:
800:
790:
778:. Retrieved
774:
764:
752:. Retrieved
746:
736:
724:. Retrieved
720:the original
706:
694:. Retrieved
690:the original
685:
676:
599:
592:
585:
580:Body of Lies
578:
571:
564:
551:
542:DigitalGlobe
535:
520:
516:
511:Jimmy Carter
509:, President
504:
495:
479:
467:
463:
420:
338:from space.
299:
291:
287:
279:
271:
255:Donald Trump
248:
242:
234:declassified
231:
204:
200:intelligence
183:
179:
175:
173:
86:
80:January 2012
77:
53:
36:
3749:Sub-orbital
3684:Space probe
3550:New Shepard
3528:Shuttle–Mir
3287:Archaeology
3240:Space force
3223:Moon Treaty
3095:Spaceflight
2937:Radar IMINT
2594:Jianbing 12
2589:Jianbing 11
2584:Jianbing 10
2233:White Cloud
2116:KH-7 Gambit
2091:KH-3 Corona
2086:KH-2 Corona
2081:KH-1 Corona
2000:Carbonite-2
1910:Radar IMINT
1856:South Korea
1723:Radar IMINT
1675:Radar IMINT
1571:Radar IMINT
1551:Cartosat-2F
1546:Cartosat-2E
1541:Cartosat-2D
1536:Cartosat-2C
1531:Cartosat-2B
1526:Cartosat-2A
1460:Radar IMINT
1430:CERES (Ă— 3)
1077:17 February
1051:16 February
988:17 February
780:1 September
754:16 February
726:16 February
696:15 February
554:spy fiction
531:South Sudan
505:During his
406:cloud cover
3906:Categories
3818:Launch pad
3809:Expendable
3759:Geocentric
3726:Solar sail
3669:Spaceplane
3629:Spacecraft
3423:Space suit
3401:commercial
3329:Television
3124:Space Race
2764:Jianbing 8
2731:Qianshao-3
2667:Jianbing 7
2662:Jianbing 5
2579:Jianbing 9
2574:Jianbing 6
2431:USA number
2106:KH-5 Argon
1594:RISAT-2BR1
1561:Microsat-R
1556:Cartosat-3
1521:Cartosat-2
1516:Cartosat-1
1473:TerraSAR-X
1415:Clémentine
668:References
548:In fiction
482:bomber gap
223:parachutes
124:Abbottabad
3828:Spaceport
3679:Satellite
3396:Astronaut
3324:Telephone
3277:Astronomy
3198:Space law
3151:Australia
2979:Tselina-2
2672:Yaogan 29
2644:Tianyan-5
2639:Tianyan-2
2634:Tianyan-1
2599:Yaogan 34
2569:Tianhui 4
2564:Tianhui 3
2559:Tianhui 2
2554:Tianhui 1
2544:Gaofen 11
1962:Göktürk-3
1957:Göktürk-2
1952:Göktürk-1
1880:ANASIS-II
1255:154711855
964:5 January
809:1059-1028
803:. Wired.
378:telephoto
227:encrypted
120:Pakistani
68:talk page
3880:Category
3545:Tiangong
3540:Shenzhou
3469:Programs
3314:Internet
3119:Timeline
2993:Pion-NKS
2921:Resurs-P
2795:Huoyan-1
2700:Hongtu-1
2609:Ziyuan-3
2604:Ziyuan-2
2256:Jumpseat
2187:Lacrosse
1818:Pakistan
1804:IGS 8A/B
1784:IGS 4A/B
1774:IGS 2A/B
1769:IGS 1A/B
1599:RISAT-1A
1589:RISAT-2B
1478:TanDEM-X
1468:SAR-Lupe
1277:Archived
1209:(1990).
1174:(2003).
1123:11 April
1095:(1998).
1072:Mashable
1013:21 April
1007:Archived
924:42006243
608:See also
476:Benefits
417:Missions
258:tweeting
196:military
186:) is an
168:Rhyolite
156:SAR-Lupe
122:city of
62:You may
3754:Orbital
3555:Artemis
3486:Voskhod
3481:Mercury
3389:General
3129:Records
3114:History
3102:General
2989:Lotos-S
2950:Neitron
2916:Persona
2848:Russian
2614:Jilin-1
2491:Chinese
2438:USA-193
2424:Unknown
2397:R&D
2294:Mercury
2261:Trumpet
2238:Samos-F
1693:Ofeq-11
1584:RISAT-2
1579:RISAT-1
1444:Germany
1243:Bibcode
1152:4 April
937:84–107.
412:series.
357:waves.
268:History
3891:Portal
3884:
3873:
3689:Lander
3642:Rocket
3506:Skylab
3501:Apollo
3491:Gemini
3476:Vostok
3181:Russia
3055:Kosmos
3033:US-KMO
3008:MASINT
2964:SIGINT
2945:Kondor
2928:Razdan
2925:Razbeg
2896:Kobalt
2891:Yantar
2886:Orlets
2723:SIGINT
2714:SIGINT
2682:Qilu-1
2677:YG-33R
2629:Qilu-4
2624:Qilu-3
2619:Qilu-2
2323:MASINT
2304:Vortex
2284:Magnum
2279:Canyon
2206:SIGINT
1928:Turkey
1842:PRSS-I
1799:IGS 7A
1794:IGS 6A
1789:IGS 5A
1779:IGS 3A
1665:Ofeq-9
1660:Ofeq-7
1655:Ofeq-5
1631:Israel
1617:EMISAT
1609:SIGINT
1420:Essaim
1410:Cerise
1402:SIGINT
1343:France
1332:Earth
1253:
1230:
1219:
1199:
1188:
955::
922:
912::
870:15 May
835:
807:
658:(U.S.)
637:(U.S.)
538:GeoEye
441:SIGINT
434:MASINT
382:Corona
359:SOLRAD
282:CORONA
207:Corona
3694:Rover
3496:Soyuz
3319:Radio
3176:Japan
3171:India
3156:China
2984:Liana
2972:ELINT
2881:Zenit
2876:Almaz
2859:IMINT
2741:ELINT
2539:FSW-4
2534:FSW-3
2529:FSW-2
2524:FSW-1
2519:FSW-0
2502:IMINT
2411:MiTEx
2379:SBIRS
2369:MIDAS
2338:FORTE
2309:GSSAP
2228:Poppy
2182:Quill
2159:Misty
2149:Samos
2064:IMINT
1992:IMINT
1944:IMINT
1894:Spain
1872:IMINT
1834:IMINT
1761:IMINT
1745:Japan
1707:Italy
1647:IMINT
1508:IMINT
1492:India
1425:Elisa
1392:CSO-2
1387:CSO-1
1359:IMINT
846:(PDF)
829:(PDF)
527:Sudan
427:IMINT
396:Most
355:radio
296:Types
262:Safir
245:KH-11
211:Zenit
142:U.S.
70:, or
3856:Pass
3811:and
3028:US-K
2759:SJ-2
2754:CX-5
2749:JSSW
2384:STSS
2353:Vela
2348:DMSP
2223:GRAB
1251:OCLC
1228:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1154:2014
1125:2014
1079:2014
1053:2014
1015:2019
990:2014
966:2021
920:OCLC
890:ISBN
872:2024
833:ISBN
805:ISSN
782:2019
756:2014
728:2014
698:2014
556:and
540:and
529:and
486:ICBM
410:US-A
400:use
340:Vela
312:and
209:and
3523:Mir
3040:EKS
3023:Oko
2549:LKW
2374:DSP
2343:GPS
2192:FIA
1916:Paz
775:NPR
198:or
190:or
178:or
3908::
1249:.
1184:.
1180:.
1145:.
1141:.
1115:.
1070:.
1042:.
799:.
773:.
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684:.
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380:.
372:.
174:A
3087:e
3080:t
3073:v
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2476:e
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2038:e
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1318:t
1311:v
1257:.
1245::
1225:.
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170:)
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87:(
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78:(
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34:.
20:)
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