4618:
89:
1767:
4689:
201:
1975:
4661:
4646:
4632:
1710:
1270:), overcoming barriers and completing their missions in triumph. Even the story of each aviator suggests roots in old Russian storytelling and narratives—virtuous heroes striving to reach an end goal, encountering and conquering any obstacles in their path. By using folklore rhetoric, Stalin and Soviet propagandists connected aviation achievements to Russian heritage, making aviation seem more accessible to the Soviet population. Furthermore, the narratives emphasize the aviators' selflessness and devotion to a higher socialist ideal, pointing to Soviet
4675:
57:
4341:
104:
6441:
6410:
6420:
6380:
6370:
6350:
6360:
6472:
6462:
6390:
6340:
6400:
1194:
117:
571:
4152:
4351:
1915:
1412:
4311:
1159:
4331:
4131:
1404:
4604:
1581:
4321:
1964:
1679:
IXs were therefore assigned to air defense units, using the high altitude performance to intercept and pursue German bombers and reconnaissance aircraft. By 1944, the
Spitfire IX was the main fighter used in this role and would remain so until 1947. Lend-Lease aircraft from the U.S. and UK accounted for nearly 12% of total Soviet air power.
1357:
developing tactical aircraft, the
Soviets engineers developed heavy bomber planes only good for long distance—in other words, planes that would be used for record-breaking flights like those of Chkalov's. The Soviet government's focus on showy stunts and phenomenal record-breaking missions drained resources needed for Soviet defense. When
4229:
3374:
link between the Soviet nuclear triad and the command centers and were equipped with drag antennae array, which could extend to a total length of 6 kilometers. The Navy's SSBNs and the Air Force's Long Range
Aviation normally used alternative communications channels, so the main task for the Il-76RTs
2160:
The
Military Transport Aviation provided strategic airlift and airborne dropping capabilities to the Soviet military. The transport aviation provided tactical airlift capabilities, liaison and medevac assets. It included Composite Air Regiments and Composite air Squadrons flying mostly An-26 aircraft
2098:
Main mission was penetration of enemy air defences and precision strikes against enemy targets in operational depth. Secondary tasks included close air support, aerial reconnaissance and tactical nuclear strike. In the late 1980s its air regiments flew the Su-24 and the upgraded Su-24M with a handful
1678:
as the
British aircraft looked too much like the German Bf 109. The Soviet Union was then supplied with some 1,200 Spitfire Mk. IXs from 1943. Soviet pilots liked them but they did not suit Soviet combat tactics and the rough conditions at the forward airfields close to the front lines. Spitfires Mk.
1281:
The use of familial metaphors not only evoked traditional hereditary pride and historic
Russian patriotism, they boosted Stalin's image as a benevolent leader. Most importantly, paternalism served to promote the message of individual subordination to authority. Through his paternal relationships with
4009:
Each
Strategic Direction Command and each Military District also had a Composite Aviation Regiment, which included An-24, An-26 (possibly An-12) transport aircraft, Mi-8 (possibly) Mi-2 helicopters and a Tu-134 as the commander of the strategic direction or the military district's personal transport
3162:
Due to its remoteness from the front lines in a possible armed conflict, the SMD were tasked with mainly with training (including pilot training for the Air Forces). For that reason the military district held the median 9th place by total aircraft quantity of all the military districts and groups of
3133:
The Volga
Military District and the Ural Military District were merged on September 1, 1989, into the Volga-Ural Military District. Due to their remoteness from the front lines in a possible armed conflict, the two military district were tasked with mainly with training (including pilot training for
1594:
led the VVS from 1942 to the end of the war, and was credited with introducing several innovations and weapons systems. For the last year of the war German military and civilians retreating towards Berlin were hounded by the presence of "low flying aircraft" strafing and bombing them, an activity in
1563:
The latter two air force units were honored by being renamed Guards units. Beyond the three official regiments, individual Soviet women sometimes served alongside airmen in otherwise all-male groups. Women pilots, navigators, gunners, mechanics, armament specialists and other female ground personnel
4696:
A red five-pointed star with a white and red border began to appear for the first time on Soviet aircraft in late 1943 and began to be widely used in subsequent years. Since 1945, such a star has been used almost everywhere. The identification mark was applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the
4653:
In the early forties, many air forces around the world began to outline their roundels with a white border. The Soviet Union experimented with this as well. At the end of 1942, red stars began to be outlined almost everywhere with white paint; in 1943, a star with a white border became the standard
1867:
because of doubts regarding the loyalty of ethnic minorities. RAND analyst S. Enders
Wimbush said, "Soldiers are clearly recruited in a way that reflects the worries of society. The average Russian citizen and Soviet decision maker have questions about the allegiance of the non-Slav, especially the
1670:. Some of these aircraft arrived in the Soviet Union in time to participate in the Battle of Moscow, and in particular with the PVO or Soviet Air Defence Forces. Soviet fliers in P-39s scored the highest individual kill totals of any ever to fly a U.S. aircraft. Two air regiments were equipped with
2115:
Main mission was penetration of enemy air defences and precision strikes against enemy targets in tactical depth. Secondary tasks included close air support, aerial reconnaissance and tactical nuclear strike. In the late 1980s its air regiments flew the MiG-27 and (in limited numbers) the Su-17M.
1295:
officer corps. Fifteen of sixteen total army commanders were executed; more than three-fourths of the VVS senior officers were arrested, executed, or relieved of duty. News coverage of the arrests was relatively little compared to treatment of aviation exploits, deflecting attention away from the
1340:, the Air Forces of the Soviet Red Army had 363,900 serving personnel, accounting for 8.65% of all military force personnel of the Soviet Union. The first three Air Armies, designated Air Armies of Special Purpose, were created between 1936 and 1938. On 5 November 1940 these were reformed as the
1470:
and its successors. The Il-2 became (at 36,183 built) the most produced military aircraft of all time, with the four main versions of Yak fighters (the Yak-1, −3, −7 and −9) being slightly more numerous, at a total of 36,716 among them. These two main types together accounted for about half the
1434:
One of the main reasons for the large aircraft losses in the initial period of war with
Germany was not the lack of modern tactics, but the lack of experienced pilots and ground support crews, the destruction of many aircraft on the runways due to command failure to disperse them, and the rapid
1356:
1930s Soviet aviation also had a particular impact on the USSR's military failures in the beginning of World War II. By 1938, the Soviet Union had the largest air force in the world, but Soviet aeronautical design distinctly lagged behind Western technological advances. Instead of focusing on
1277:
Soviet propagandists also exploited paternalism in aviation culture. The media presented Stalin as an example and inspiration, a father figure and role model to the most prominent Soviet pilots of the period. When recounting stories of meetings between Stalin and Chkalov, for example, Soviet
1332:
pilots. The VVS soon learned established Soviet air defence procedures derived from the Spanish Civil War, such as forming defensive circles when attacked, did not work well against the Finns, who employed dive-and-zoom tactics to shoot down their Soviet opponents in great numbers.
2085:
Provided air cover of the ground forces and escort to own aviation assets. Secondary tasks included ground attack with unguided ordnance, air reconnaissance and tactical nuclear strike. In the late 1980s its types of aircraft included the Su-27S, the MiG-29 and the MiG-23MLD.
3361:
Composite Aviation Squadron - Chkalovsky - Il-80 (4 aircraft), Il-76RT (2 aircraft) (attached to the 8th ADSP for air traffic control, ground support and maintenance, but reporting directly to the Ministry of Defence. The Il-80 was the airborne command center variant of the
3134:
the Air Forces). For that reason the newly unified military district held 1st place by total aircraft quantity of all the military districts and groups of forces (1735 units), but this changed to 16th place if only combat aircraft were taken into consideration.
4174:
1066:
Units with honorifics were the 7th Dzerzhinsky, 9th Voroshilov, 16th Ultimatum, 20th Frunze, 24th Ilyich, 30th Red Moscow, and 40th Lenin Aviation Squadrons, and 6th Siberian Revolutionary Committee and 24th Far Eastern Ultimatum Separate Aviation Detachments.
3194:
1950:
in December 1991 the aircraft and personnel of the Soviet VVS were divided among the newly independent states. Russia received the plurality of these forces, approximately 40% of the aircraft and 65% of the manpower, with these forming the basis for the new
1128:
began uplifting individuals who committed heroic actions that advanced the cause of socialism. In the case of aviation, the government began glorifying people who utilized aviation technology as opposed to glorifying the technology itself. Pilots such as
1790:
due to the various types of aircraft being flown and their capabilities and the strength and training of its pilots. Its air defence arm became an independent component of the armed forces in 1949, reaching full-fledged force status in 1954 as the
2378:
Belonged to the Frontal Aviation. Under Air Forces HQ in peace time. To transfer to Supreme Command of the South-Western Strategic Direction control in wartime. Based in the Kiev Military District in peace time, which lead to the KMD's own 17th
1989:) - Long Range Aviation, Frontal Aviation, Military Transport Aviation and Army Aviation (which would transfer to the Ground Forces in case of war). Pilot training establishments were integrated into the Air Armies of the Frontal Aviation.
1576:
While there were scores of Red Army divisions on the ground formed from specific Soviet republics, there appears to have been very few aviation regiments formed from nationalities, among them being the 1st Latvian Night Aviation Regiment.
1095:
fighters, and managed to achieve local air superiority wherever they were employed. However, the Soviets refused to supply the plane in adequate numbers, and their aerial victories were soon squandered because of their limited use. Later,
2209:
Attached to the Air Armies in peace time. To transfer to the Ground Forces in case of war. At the end of 1990 right before the collapse of the USSR the Army Aviation was transferred to the Ground Forces and became one of their branches.
1844:, as a trial run for the larger re-organisation in 1980 covering the whole country. All fighter units in the PVO were transferred to the VVS, the Air Defence Forces only retaining the anti-aircraft missile units and radar units. The
3370:. The four Il-80 received command task force of officers detailed from the Ministry of Defence when on airborne duty. The two Il-76RT were relay aircraft (RT - 'retranslator') and had no command task force on board. They provided
1278:
newspapers spoke of Stalin's paternalism towards the young pilot. The paternal metaphor was completed with the addition of a maternal figure—Russia, the motherland, who had produced "father" Stalin's heroic sons such as Chkalov.
4245:
4080:
1154:
4168:
4070:
4193:
4188:
1189:
4221:
4144:
1802:, the Soviet Air Force was rearmed, strengthened and modern air doctrines were introduced. At its peak in 1980, it could deploy approximately 10,000 aircraft, making it the world's largest air force of the time.
4211:
4697:
wing, the vertical tail and the sides of the rear fuselage. In the fifties, this version of the identification mark was called the victory star. It was used by the USSR Air Force until its collapse, and by the
6314:
1290:
The successful achievements in Soviet aviation also came during the worst days of the Great Purge. The transpolar flights in summer 1937 occurred following the arrest and execution of a large body of the
5095:
Bailes quotes an article from Red Air Force General Alksnis: "The constructor who creates and equips the plane must be oriented not toward phenomenally gifted flyers but towards rank-and-file pilots."
1124:
The early 1930s saw a shift in ideological focus away from collectivist propaganda and towards "positive heroism." Instead of glorifying socialist collectivism as a means of societal advancement, the
4025:
military schools list of 17 January 1980 included 24 Air Forces schools. Nine Higher Aviation Schools of Pilots were reported (including the Borisoglebsk Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots at
1441:
troops, forcing the Soviet pilots on the defensive during Operation Barbarossa, while being confronted with more modern German designs. In the first few days of the invasion of the Soviet Union, the
3291:
aviation and a mixed air regiment was based there with the mission to provide liaison flights to the Air Defence Forces Main Staff and flight skills refreshment for the high ranking pilot officers)
1810:
2173:
Main units in this category included electronic warfare and intelligence aircraft, based on modified airliners, EW and ELINT helicopters and aerial command posts, based mostly on the Mi-8 and
1519:
2908:. On June 1, 1989, the CAMD was disbanded and integrated back into the TMD. The two air armies were therefore also integrated, with the new command retaining the designation of the 73rd.
6307:
4118:
4030:
1907:
and surface to air missiles, was then a separate and distinct service within the Soviet military organisation. Yet another independent service was the Soviet Navy's air arm, the
1364:
in June 1941, it quickly became apparent that the Soviet Air Force was not prepared for war. Poor planning and lack of organization left planes sitting at airbases, allowing the
5420:
3924:
was wartime mobilization reserve to the Military Transport Aviation, with some Il-76 aircraft of the civilian air company as much as retaining the aft self-defence gun turrets (
3477:
Composite Aviation Regiment of Specific Purpose - Су-27, МиГ-29, Ка-25, Ка-27, Ми-14, Ка-29, Ан-12, Ан-72, Ил-38, Ту-142, MI-6, Mi-8, Як-38 (flight testing of naval aviation)
6544:
6300:
697:
After the creation of the Soviet state many efforts were made in order to modernize and expand aircraft production, led by its charismatic and energetic commander, General
3190:
585:
6539:
3358:(355th Aviation Regiment of Specific Purpose - Chkalovsky - disbanded in 1989 and absorbed into the 353rd Aviation Regiment along with its Tu-134 and Tu- 154 aircraft)
6488:
4362:
4765:
4033:), the Khar'kov Higher Military Aviation Command School of Signals, five three-year technical secondary schools, six Air Force engineering schools (including the
1852:. The experiment was then applied countrywide in 1980. Two of the three aviation schools in the Troops of National Air Defence were transferred to the Air Force.
1239:, newspaper articles, and other forms of media sought to connect Soviet citizens to relevant themes from daily life. For aviation, Stalin's propagandists drew on
1089:, in which the latest Soviet and German aircraft designs were employed against each other in fierce air-to-air combat. At first, the I-16 proved superior to any
5212:
4108:
1778:
In 1945–46, the WPKA Army Air Forces became the Soviet Air Forces once again. Its capabilities increased, helped by Western transfer of technology: the downed
1243:. Following the successes of the transpolar flights by Chkalov and Gromov in 1937, examples increased dramatically. Aviators were referred to symbolically as
5499:
4274:
517:, and dissolved along with the Soviet Union itself in 1991–92. Former Soviet Air Forces' assets were subsequently divided into several air forces of former
2363:
Belonged to the Frontal Aviation. Under Air Forces HQ in peace time. To transfer to Supreme Command of the Western Strategic Direction control in wartime.
556:
It became the Directorate of the USSR Air Forces on 28 March 1924, and then the Directorate of the Workers-Peasants Red Army Air Forces on 1 January 1925.
4617:
6534:
6077:. New York: Stein and Day, 1977. With section of black-and-white photographic plates, charts. maps and diagrams, together with index. First published in
4158:
6130:
Kotelnikov, V.; Kulikov, V. & Cony, C. (November 2001). "Les avions français en URSS, 1921–1941" [French Aircraft in the USSR, 1921–1941].
3221:). They provided air transport for high-ranking government and military officials, flight testing or support to other research and development fields.
987:
4090:
2128:
Main mission was battlefield close air support and destruction of armored targets from low and extra low altitude. Its air regiments flew the Su-25.
1868:
Central Asian." Odom, writing eight years after the collapse of the USSR, noted that 97% of the officer corps was Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian.
3535:
2904:
Until June 1, 1989, the TMD's air army was the 49th Air Army (HQ in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR). The 73rd Air Army controlled the Air Force assets of the
1534:
Alone among World War II combatants, the Soviet Air Force initiated a program to bring women with existing flying training into combat air groups.
2568:
On 15 June 1992, by decree No. 05 of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus, the 26th Air Army headquarters became the command of the
5811:
4123:
1859:, including Jews, Armenians, and Asians were generally barred from senior ranks and from joining elite or strategic positions in the Air Force,
1214:
anniversary. Literature including poems, short stories, and novels emerged celebrating the feats of the aviator-celebrities. Feature films like
1822:
1172:. A month later, Stalin ordered the departure of a second crew to push the boundaries of modern aviation technology even further. In July 1937
5761:
862:
709:. Domestic aircraft production increased significantly in the early 1930s and towards the end of the decade, the Soviet Air Force introduced
5681:
1694:
94:
5302:
6178:
Mason, Richard Anthony, and John William Ransom Taylor. Aircraft, strategy, and operations of the Soviet Air Force. London: Jane's, 1986.
5735:
4300:
179:
1471:
strength of the VVS for most of the war. The Yak-1 was a modern 1940 design and had room for development, unlike the mature 1935-origin
5920:
5803:
5245:
5132:
4205:
4034:
3925:
3658:
3621:
1608:
1328:
against Finland in 1939, where scores of inexperienced Soviet bomber and fighter pilots were shot down by a relatively small number of
840:
549:. Along with a general postwar military reorganisation, the collegium was reconstituted as the "Workers' and Peasants' Red Air Fleet" (
5412:
3757:
684:
2143:
strategic and operational reconnaissance air regiments flew a squadron of MiG-25R aircraft and 1 or 2 squadrons of Su-24MR aircraft.
1817:
supervised the Soviet interceptor forces. In order to keep their involvement a secret, Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet Air Force
5655:
6529:
4812:
1400:
had risen sharply, reaching 40,241 in 1944. Some 157,261 machines were produced during the war, 125,655 being of combat types.
1228:
reinforced the "positive hero" imagery, celebrating the aviators' individuality within the context of a socialist government.
6519:
6423:
6353:
6224:
5905:
5838:
5536:
1826:
6268:"Советские Войска ПВО в последние годы Союза ССР. Часть 1" by A.G. Lenskiy and M.M. Tsybin, Saint Petersburg 2013, 164 pages
3298:) - Il-18, An-26, Mi-8 (provided liaison flights to the 116th Combat Application Training Center of the Air Defence Aviation
1423:
On the outbreak of war the Red Army Air Force consisted of the Long-Range Bomber Aviation (Дальнебомбардировочная авиация);
4682:
A red star with convex shading and a white and red border is known as the "Kremlin Star." Used sparingly during 1940-1945.
1551:
1305:
653:
1766:
1111:
On 19 November 1939, VVS headquarters was again titled the Main Directorate of the Red Army Air Forces under the WPRA HQ.
6524:
4769:
4722:
1125:
5616:
4750:
6327:
3206:
637:
122:
3496:
Aviation Flight (possibly two separate air flights based at Chkalovsky, one flying Il-20 and another one flying Il-22)
3465:(testing of each type of military aircraft destined for the Air Force, Air Defence Forces, Naval Aviation and export)
1445:
destroyed some 2,000 Soviet aircraft, most on the ground, at a loss of only 35 (of which 15 were non-combat-related).
6242:
6206:
6172:
6030:
5946:
5886:
5332:
5270:
5195:
2502:
2460:
2100:
1753:
1731:
1607:
were receiving due to the sophistication and superiority of the Red Air Force. In one strategic operation alone, the
1431:'s Main Directorate of the Air Force of the Red Army. By mid-1943 Frontal Aviation absorbed Army and Force Aviation.
1313:
1304:
Some practical combat experience had been gained in participating in the Spanish Civil War, and against Japan in the
658:
5659:
5220:
3603:
3543:
1724:
5041:
4182:
4074:
3446:, Syrian Arab Republic - Mi-8PPA/SMV/MTPI (supporting the Soviet military advisors embedded in the Syrian military)
2860:
2835:
1856:
1845:
1397:
5509:
1560:.) Women flew aircraft so heavy that sometimes two of them were required to haul back on the joystick on takeoff.
5443:
3408:
300th Composite Aviation Squadron - Kala - Tu-154, Tu-134, Il-22, An-26, An-24, Mi-6, Mi-8/9, Ka-27PS, An-2, Mi-2
2905:
1947:
1543:
4288:
3276:. The airfield also provided liaison flights to the top-secret "Barkhan" bacteriological warfare test range on
2723:
2073:)) under the Air Force Main Staff, to transfer to the High Commands of the Strategic Directions in case of war.
1547:
1460:
1236:
1138:
6514:
5575:
3111:
2960:
2929:
2541:
848:
25th Aviation Park 1st rank, 26th Aviation 2nd rank, 27th Aviation Park 3rd rank, 28th Aviation Park 3rd rank
677:
518:
17:
1427:
Aviation, serving the various land forces fronts; Army Aviation; and Force Aviation, all subordinate to the
1329:
4084:
2577:
1667:
1619:
Air Armys and the Black Sea Fleet Naval Aviation aircraft achieved a 3.3 to 1 superiority in aircraft over
1076:
741:
506:
3317:(also listed sometimes as the Semipalatinsk-21) - An-30RR, An-24RR, Mi-8/9 (RR - Radiation Reconnaissance)
3522:
3053:
2884:
2533:
1892:
1814:
1396:
had said in 1931 Soviet industry was "50 to 100 years behind" the Western powers. By the end of the war,
1379:
1317:
3902:
610th Center for Combat Training and Conversion of Flight Personnel of the Military Transport Aviation,
3538:
Guards Taganrogskaya, awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of Suvorov and the Order of Kutuzov
3163:
forces, but this changed to dead-last 19th place if only combat aircraft were taken into consideration.
1145:—as well as many others—were raised to the status of heroes for their piloting skills and achievements.
6292:
4503:
3903:
3810:
3287:- Tu-134, An-12, An-26, An-24, Mi-8 (Klin air base was also considered the 'household' airfield of the
3141:
2464:
1344:
of the High Command of the Red Army (until February 1942) due to lack of combat performance during the
6147:
Kotelnikov, V.; Kulikov, V. & Cony, C. (December 2001). "Les avions français en URSS, 1921–1941".
6509:
6373:
3352:
353th Aviation Regiment of Specific Purpose - Chkalovsky - Il-62, Tu-154, Tu-134, Il-18, Il-76, An-72
3288:
1837:
1779:
1588:
1282:
Soviet pilots, Stalin developed an "ethos of deference and obedience" for Soviet society to emulate.
781:
611:
502:
6264:(in Russian). Moscow: Center of Military Strategic Research, Military Academy of the General Staff.
5345:
Hill, Alexander (2007). "British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941 – June 1942".
4717:
3198:
3084:
3024:
2760:
2700:
2510:
1900:
1849:
1792:
1718:
1683:
1624:
1321:
1177:
1173:
1142:
816:
787:
670:
5757:
4688:
1638:
As with many Allied countries in World War II, the Soviet Union received Western aircraft through
200:
6037:
Bailes, Kendall (1976). "Technology and Legitimacy: Soviet Aviation and Stalinism in the 1930s".
5703:
5677:
4516:
4510:
4424:
4418:
4324:
4112:
4026:
3741:
3558:
3376:
3247:
2472:
2433:
2298:
1978:
1919:
1860:
1818:
1771:
1526:
in November–December 1941 during defensive operations and the Soviet counterattack near Tikhvin.
1437:
1428:
590:
553:), established on 24 May 1918 and given the top-level departmental status of "Main Directorate".
475:
6123:
5800:
5140:
1603:
biplane of 1920s design, took part. However, this was but a small measure of the experience the
1491:
pilots deliberately avoided combat with the last and best variant, the out-of-sequence numbered
1153:
In May 1937, Stalin charged pilots Chkalov, Baydukov, and Belyakov with the mission to navigate
5878:
5870:
5294:
4268:
4253:
4239:
2990:
2731:
1735:
1687:
1643:
1309:
810:
6085:
Cooper, Tom (July–August 2002). "'Floggers" in Action: Early MiG-23s in Operational Service".
5731:
4625:
A red star with a black circular border inside the star was sometimes used in the 20s and 30s
1974:
6287:
4639:
The red star with black border was used between 1941 and 1943, but was gradually phased out.
4102:
4059:
796th Red Banner Center for Preparation of Officers for Fighter and Fighter-Bomber Aviation,
3793:
3783:
3314:
3217:
Several formations and flying units were directly subordinated to the Air Forces Main Staff (
3202:
1908:
1542:
prior to the war, used her influence with Stalin to form three all-female air regiments: the
1223:
1169:
775:
5916:
5242:
5054:
3355:
354th Aviation Regiment of Specific Purpose - Chkalovsky - Il-76, Il-22, An-12, An-26, An-24
3272:- An-72, An-26, Mi-26, Mi-8, An-2 (provided airborne telemetric surveillance support to the
6363:
4702:
4249:
4031:
Chelyabinsk Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators/50th Anniversary of the Komsomols
3863:
3371:
3277:
2569:
1927:
1904:
1671:
1655:
1472:
1361:
1337:
1207:
1097:
379:
6256:
3582:
1101:
8:
6475:
6271:"Все истребительные авиаполки Сталина" by V. Anokhin and M Bykhov, Moscow 2014, 944 pages
4660:
3994:
3980:
3962:
3944:
3937:
3723:
3423:
153rd Composite Aviation Squadron - Kishinev - Tu-134, Il-22, An-72, An-26, An-24, Mi-8/9
3347:
1872:
1787:
1651:
1647:
1632:
1628:
1507:
twin engined attack-bombers, and a basic but functional and versatile medium bomber, the
1389:
1341:
1202:
The public reaction to the transpolar flights was euphoric. The media called the pilots "
562:
147:
4645:
4631:
3468:
75th Composite Aviation Regiment - Akhtubinsk - Ан-12, Ан-26, Ан-24, Ан-72, Ту-154, Ми-8
6465:
6393:
6343:
6323:
6054:
5973:
5844:
5370:
5362:
4910:
3833:
3599:
3335:
3232:
1985:
The Soviet Air Force's aviation assets were organised into four types of forces (sing.
1659:
1211:
546:
261:
6165:
Attack of the Airacobras: Soviet Aces, American P-39s, and the Air War Against Germany
3474:
Air Force Test Pilots Training Center - Akhtubinsk - MiG-21, L-39, Yak-40, An-26, Mi-8
3261:- An-26, Mi-8 (provided support to the 8th Chemical Defence Station test range on the
2525:(4th AIr Army of Operational Purpose was based in the Northern Group of Forces's AOR.)
832:
In March 1927, the organizational structure of the Red Army Air Force was as follows:
6444:
6403:
6238:
6220:
6202:
6168:
6152:
6135:
6119:
6092:
6026:
5942:
5901:
5882:
5848:
5834:
5374:
5328:
5266:
5191:
4914:
4698:
1952:
1884:
1591:
1086:
804:
522:
367:
4930:
Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s
4804:
1627:, allowing almost complete freedom from air harassment for the ground troops of the
6383:
6046:
5965:
5826:
5354:
4902:
4727:
4412:
3883:
3269:
1935:
1934:
meant to display Soviet air power advancements through the years, held in Moscow's
1931:
1888:
1841:
1830:
1783:
1686:, who scored 62 victories from 6 July 1943 to 16 April 1945, the top score for any
1663:
1240:
447:
279:
3320:
Transport Aviation Squadron - Semipalatinsk (Zhanasemei airfield) - An-30, An-24RR
1813:
with the U.S. and other Allied air forces, inflicting significant casualties. The
497:, sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force") were one of the air forces of the
6413:
6214:
6184:
Claws of the Bear: The History of the Red Army from the Revolution to the Present
5807:
5504:
5249:
4674:
4534:
4485:
4444:
4064:
4022:
3727:
3481:
3284:
3262:
2792:
1596:
1523:
1181:
1134:
1105:
714:
710:
284:
213:
6288:
Globalsecurity.org on Russian air arms, useful for structure of Soviet Air Force
6258:Организационное строительство отечественных военно-воздушных сил (1930–1931 гг.)
6066:
Bergman, Jay (January 1998). "Valerii Chkalov: Soviet Pilot as New Soviet Man".
5791:
Erik Pilawskii, Soviet Air Force fighter colors 1941-1945, Classic Publications.
4893:
Bergman, Jay (January 1998). "Valerii Chkalov: Soviet Pilot as New Soviet Man".
3462:
6190:
Palmer, Scott (2005). "Icarus, East: The Symbolic Contexts of Russian Flight".
6114:
6087:
5956:
Palmer, Scott (2005). "Icarus, East: The Symbolic Contexts of Russian Flight".
4906:
4581:
4563:
4552:
4546:
4499:
4479:
4468:
4436:
4404:
4378:
4340:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3984:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3907:
3847:
3837:
3797:
3773:
3750:
3731:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3667:
3647:
3637:
3586:
3576:
3562:
3455:
3439:
and Krzywa, Polish People's Republic - Tu-134, Il-22, An-12, An-72, An-26, Mi-8
3363:
2496:
1535:
1504:
1500:
1467:
1130:
423:
230:
56:
5830:
5656:"The Soviet Military Education System for Commissioning and Training Officers"
5561:
4668:
The red star with a yellow border was used extremely rarely during 1942-1945.
4049:
6503:
6156:
6139:
6096:
5620:
4746:
4575:
4569:
4540:
4491:
4398:
4392:
4372:
4314:
4235:
4201:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3892:
3867:
3814:
3804:
3607:
3417:
3305:
3254:
3239:
3099:
3068:
2970:
2896:
2872:
2743:
2670:
2587:
2551:
2443:
2393:
Operationally subordinated to the Military Districts and the Groups of Forces
2320:
2302:
1675:
1616:
1556:
1514:
The 31st Bomber Aviation Regiment, equipped with Pe-2s, was one of the first
1508:
1453:
1416:
1393:
1080:
722:
702:
698:
3940:, RSFSR - transport and command aviation unit for the USSR's high officials
2080:) operationally subordinated to the Military Districts and Groups of Forces.
5037:
5033:
4528:
4522:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4430:
4344:
4334:
3857:
3643:
3617:
3510:- Tu-16, Su-24, Su-25, MiG-21, An-12, An-24 (testing of aviation armaments)
3507:
3273:
2939:
2772:
2607:
2459:
The Western Group of Forces is the new designation of the recently renamed
1967:
1620:
1612:
1385:
1358:
510:
498:
109:
6440:
5358:
4044:
5th Central Course for Preparation and Improvement of Aviation Personnel,
2307:
30-я Смоленская краснознаменная воздушная армия стратегического назначения
2146:
tactical reconnaissance air regiments flew 3 squadrons of Su-17M aircraft.
2065:
Air Armies of the Supreme Military Command Reserve (Operational Purpose) (
1324:
with the Japanese. However, these experiences proved of little use in the
3428:
3197:), later re-designated to the Air Forces of the 40th Army, supported the
1864:
1515:
706:
621:
603:
268:
6419:
6409:
6379:
6369:
6349:
6322:
5977:
5489:
Scott and Scott, The Armed Forces of the USSR, Third Edition, 1984, 165.
5413:"Aviation History: Interview with World War II Soviet Ace Ivan Kozhedub"
5366:
2022:
Air Armies of the Supreme Military Command Reserve (Strategic Purpose) (
6058:
5939:
Dictatorship of the Air: Aviation Culture and the Fate of Modern Russia
4175:
Stavropol Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots and Navigators PVO
4098:
4053:
3663:
3626:
3367:
3243:
1806:
1639:
1345:
1325:
1203:
1185:
718:
514:
343:
6281:
5447:
1487:
and eventually allowed it to gain the upper hand, until in 1944, many
541:(translation is uncertain) was formed on 20 December 1917. This was a
6471:
6461:
6389:
6359:
6339:
6004:
5969:
5857:
4178:
4148:
4127:
3675:
3552:
3384:
3295:
3258:
1366:
1091:
542:
526:
360:
356:
166:
6399:
6050:
5564:– provides the complete information on Russian and Soviet air shows.
3383:) and included the Il-80s, the Il-76RTs, the underground silo-based
1674:
in early 1943 but immediately experienced unrelenting losses due to
539:
All-Russia Collegium for Direction of the Air Forces of the Old Army
482:
Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily Soyuza Sovetskih Sotsialisticheskih Respublik
6009:. Washington, D.C.: Library Of Congress. Federal Research Division.
5121:(revised ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. p. 125.
4587:
4354:
4264:
4162:
4060:
3920:
3854:
3843:
3710:
3654:
3443:
3414:
High Command of the Forces of the South-Western Strategic Direction
3329:
2921:
2663:
High Command of the Forces of the South-Western Strategic Direction
2492:
2291:
1799:
1292:
598:
352:
348:
134:
5860:[There Once Was Such Aviation... Echo of Air Power Past].
5219:. Maxwell US Air Force Base: Air & Space Power. Archived from
5125:
4350:
3253:
101st Test Aviation Squadron (287th according to some sources) -
1914:
1871:
During the Cold War the VVS was divided into three main branches:
1848:
was disbanded, and the 15th Air Army became the Air Forces of the
1411:
5036:
was created on 15 March 1937 in the Far East, and somewhat later
4310:
4278:
4260:
4171:(Saratov, VVS Volga-Urals Military District; helicopter training)
4137:
Kansk Military Aviation School of Air Rifle-Radio Operators VVS (
4094:
4045:
3888:
3875:
3789:
3779:
3746:
3716:
3436:
2248:
Units directly subordinated to the Main Staff of the Air Forces (
1522:. The title was conferred on the regiment for its actions on the
1253:
570:
416:
4611:
The red five-pointed star without a border was used until 1943.
470:Военно-Воздушные Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик
4784:
4386:
4330:
4197:
3738:
3682:
3633:
3593:
2453:
2192:
Military Transport Aviation HQ under the Air Force Main Staff.
1876:
1271:
1262:
1165:
1085:
One of the first major tests for the VVS came in 1936 with the
436:
412:
408:
404:
388:
384:
336:
332:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
272:
254:
246:
225:
4701:
until 2010 and again since 2013. Currently, it is used by the
3776:, awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of Kutuzov
3471:
333rd Composite Aviation Regiment - Akhtubinsk - Tu-16, MiG-21
3399:
High Command of the Forces of the Southern Strategic Direction
3379:. The command and control system was designated "Chain Link" (
3334:
Composite Aviation Squadron - Voronezh Airport - Il-20, Mi-8 (
2820:
High Command of the Forces of the Southern Strategic Direction
2230:
Operationally subordinated to the Main Staff of the Air Forces
1786:
jet engines. The force became one of the best services of the
1058:
64th, 55th, 48th, 50th, and 53rd Separate Aviation Detachments
491:
Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
6199:
Wings, Women, and War: Soviet Airwomen in World War II Combat
4225:
4138:
4037:), and the Kurgan Higher Military-Political Aviation School.
3827:
3572:
3568:
3212:
2400:
High Command of the Forces of the Western Strategic Direction
2256:
See Directly subordinated to the AF Main Staff section below.
1580:
1492:
1476:
1206:
knights of culture and progress." Soviet citizens celebrated
452:
440:
432:
428:
400:
396:
372:
328:
324:
288:
250:
242:
238:
234:
218:
4320:
4275:
Voroshilovgrad Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators
4153:
ru:Краснодарское высшее военное авиационное училище лётчиков
2218:
1809:. Twelve fighter divisions of 26,000 pilots participated in
6284:
Website and blog devoted to Soviet/Russian aviation history
4766:"The Command Structure of the Soviet Air Forces, 1918–1941"
4603:
3765:
3402:
3311:
2827:
1963:
1403:
392:
320:
6235:
The Soviet Air Force in World War II: The Official History
5325:
The Soviet Air Force in World War II: The Official History
4832:
4830:
3993:
Separate Aviation Squadron for Command and Retranslation,
1466:-115 designed single-engined fighters, beginning with the
1231:
6489:
List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
6212:
5663:
5454:
4363:
List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
4215:
4119:
Chelyabinsk Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators
3788:
978th Military Transport Aviation Regiment, Seshta (near
2284:
Aviation of the Reserve of the Supreme Military Command (
2174:
2140:
The reconnaissance aviation included two types of units:
1463:
6216:
Red Phoenix Rising: The Soviet Air Force in World War II
4132:
ru:Качинское высшее военное авиационное училище лётчиков
4105:, 54th, 99th, 662nd Training Aviation Regiments in 1990.
3803:
8th Military Transport Aviation Regiment, Tver, RSFSR -
3490:
Composite Aviation Squadron - Il-76, An-12, An-72, An-26
1199:, creating a new record for the longest nonstop flight.
973:
21st Aviation Park 1st rank, 23rd Aviation Park 2nd rank
965:
14th, 17th, 37th, and 83rd Separate Aviation Detachments
27:
Aerial warfare branch of the Soviet Union's armed forces
5898:
Russian Aviation and Air Power in the Twentieth Century
5597:
5543:
5381:
5275:
5155:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4847:
4845:
4827:
4747:"Главное управление Военно-Воздушных сил Красной Армии"
4101:)(Air Forces of the Siberian Military District) - 44th
3933:
airlift assets outside the Military Transport Aviation
3713:, awarded the Order of Suvorov and the Order of Kutuzov
1351:
1108:
for the Nationalists, one they would never relinquish.
854:
20th, 10th, 45th, and 3rd Separate Aviation Detachments
5823:
Secret Wars: Covert Conflict in International Politics
5587:
5585:
5015:
4979:
4109:
Borisoglebsk Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots
4016:
1370:
to destroy 4,000 Soviet planes within the first week.
1210:
on 18 August with as much zeal as they celebrated the
937:
5th, 11th, 23rd and 27th Separate Aviation Detachments
6146:
6129:
5877:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. p.
5524:
4991:
4586:
2,935 civilian and other transport aircraft, usually
4305:
3525:
had the following structure in the end of the 1980s:
2667:Главное командование войск Южно-Западного направления
1899:– VTA), which controlled all transport aircraft. The
480:
46:
6545:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1991
5098:
5077:
5065:
5003:
4948:
4936:
4857:
4842:
4259:
Kharkov Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots (
4246:
Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots
3268:
220th Test Aviation Squadron of Specific Purpose -
2847:
Air Forces of the North Caucasus Military District (
1770:
An air-to-air right underside rear view of a Soviet
1682:
The greatest Soviet fighter ace of World War II was
505:. The Air Forces were formed from components of the
5941:. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
5875:
Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941–1945
5704:"Barnaul Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots"
5582:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5213:"A Lesson of History: The Luftwaffe and Barbarossa"
4874:
4159:
Orenburg Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots
4081:
Balashov Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots
3778:Military Transport Aviation Regiment, Seshta (near
6201:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2002.
6167:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2001.
4169:Saratov Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots
4071:Armavir Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots
3209:, co-located with the HQ of the 40th Army itself.
1805:The Soviet Air Force covertly participated in the
1459:armored ground attack monoplane and the series of
988:Air Forces of the North Caucasus Military District
6540:Military units and formations established in 1918
5726:
5724:
4972:
4970:
4194:Tambov Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots
4189:Syzran Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots
4091:Barnaul Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots
3294:Transport Aviation Squadron - Privolzhskiy (near
2387:) being made up of training units in peace time.
1392:was not yet ready or suitable for winning a war:
1308:. Shortly before the start of war with Germany a
1017:25th, 19th, and 6th Separate Aviation Detachments
1000:Headquarters VVS Central Asian Military District
876:1st, 41st, and 85th Separate Aviation Detachments
6501:
5858:"Была такая авиация... Эхо былой воздушной мощи"
5466:
5243:4th Guards Novgorodskiy Bomber Aviation Regiment
4932:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 73.
4222:Yeysk Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots
4035:Kiev Higher Military Aviation Engineering School
3910:(2 training and 1 test and evaluation squadrons)
3821:separate Military Transport Aviation regiments:
3231:21st Aviation Squadron of Flying Laboratories -
3123:Air Forces of the Volga-Ural Military District (
2404:Главное командование войск Западного направления
2250:Части центрального подчинения Главного штаба ВВС
1829:markings, wear Chinese uniforms, and speak only
1584:Soviet WWII airmen reenactors on parade in 2020.
1260:Newspapers told traditional Russian narratives (
1114:
5985:Scott, Harriet Fast; Scott, William F. (1984).
5895:
5323:Wagner, Ray (ed.), and Leland Fetzer (trans.).
5190:. Indiana University Press. pp. 134, 143.
4790:
4654:identification mark of the Red Army Air Force.
4145:Krasnodar Higher United Flight-Technical School
4124:Kacha Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots
3246:- Mi-8 (provided liaison flight support to the
2722:The Southern Group of Forces were based in the
2340:46-я воздушная армия стратегического назначения
2325:37-я воздушная армия стратегического назначения
1840:were re-organised in the Baltic states and the
897:Headquarters VVS Belorussian Military District
6103:
6025:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1994.
5721:
5211:Ratley III, Maj. Lonnie O (March–April 1983).
4967:
4212:Ufa Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots
3516:
3487:47th Composite Aviation Squadron - An-26, Mi-8
3130:Sverdlovsk (present-day Yekaterinburg), RSFSR
1941:
1821:participating in the conflict to fly with the
509:in 1917, and faced their greatest test during
6308:
6233:Wagner, Ray (ed.), Fetzer, Leland, (trans.),
6118:, No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 78–79.
5993:
5750:
5573:Steven J. Zaloga, "Armed Forces in Ukraine",
4802:
4230:ru:Ейский высший военный авиационный институт
3979:354th Transport Regiment of Special Purpose,
3961:353rd Transport Regiment of Special Purpose,
3699:369th Military Transport Aviation Regiment -
3693:175th Military Transport Aviation Regiment -
3304:(designation in some sources given as the) -
3225:Units directly subordinated to the Main Staff
2824:Главное командование войск Южного направления
2279:Belonged to the Military Transport Aviation.
2039:heavy bomber reconnaissance air regiments and
1164:. On 20 June 1937, the aviators landed their
1148:
944:Headquarters VVS Ukrainian Military District
863:Air Forces of the Leningrad Military District
805:Military Air Forces of the Russian Federation
678:
468:
40:
6219:(2nd ed.). University Press of Kansas.
6149:Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire
6132:Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire
6106:The ethnic factor in the Soviet Armed Forces
4291:listing the various air bases of the force.
3943:70th Transport Regiment of Special Purpose,
3842:708th Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3722:110th Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3642:338th Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3581:600th Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3328:(designation in some sources given as the -
3039:Air Forces of the Moscow Military District (
2687:24-я воздушная армия оперативного назначения
2643:(Air Defence forces operationally attached):
2406:) - HQ in Legnica, Polish People's Republic
2370:24-я воздушная армия оперативного назначения
1695:Soviet Air Forces Order of Battle 1 May 1945
1571:
1014:41st, 42nd, and 43rd Aviation Parks 3rd rank
1011:Headquarters VVS Siberian Military District
873:1st, 28th, 55th, and 57th Aviation Squadrons
749:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
6011:For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.
6003:Zickel, Raymond E; Keefe, Eugene K (1991).
6002:
5549:
5327:. Melbourne: Wren Publishing, 1973, p.301.
4927:
4594:
4301:Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force
3809:81st Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3632:37th Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
2918:Главное командование войск Дальнего Востока
2682:(transferred from Air Force HQ in wartime):
2532:Northern Group of Forces were based in the
2420:4-я воздушная армия оперативного назначения
2415:(transferred from Air Force HQ in wartime):
2355:4-я воздушная армия оперативного назначения
1993:General structure of the Soviet Air Forces
1958:
1883:– FA), focused on battlefield air defence,
1047:62nd and 66th Separate Aviation Detachments
1028:44th and 70th Separate Aviation Detachments
1006:35th and 40th Separate Aviation Detachments
180:Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Air Forces
6535:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
6315:
6301:
6104:Wimbush, S. Enders; Alexiev, Alex (1982).
5984:
5896:Higham, Robin; Greenwood, John T. (1998).
5210:
5181:
5179:
4206:Air Forces of the Moscow Military District
3936:8th Aviation Division of Special Purpose,
3213:Directly subordinated to the AF Main Staff
2914:High Command of the Forces of the Far East
2501:Central Group of Forces were based in the
2224:Higher command echelons of the Air Forces
1774:aircraft carrying four AA-6 Acrid missiles
1499:types were Lavochkin fighters (mainly the
1285:
1022:Headquarters VVS Red Banner Caucasus Army
995:26th and 9th Separate Aviation Detachments
979:32nd and 8th Separate Aviation Detachments
909:4th and 43rd Separate Aviation Detachments
841:Air Forces of the Moscow Military District
685:
671:
569:
6254:
5500:"The U.S.S.R.: Moscow's Military Machine"
4836:
3674:7th Military Transport Aviation Division
3344:8th Aviation Division of Specific Purpose
3326:5th Central Scientific Research Institute
3125:ВВС Приволжско-Уральского военного округа
2219:Higher command echelons of the Air Forces
1782:in the Far East, and British transfer of
1754:Learn how and when to remove this message
1033:Headquarters VVS Volga Military District
6181:
5868:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5387:
5281:
5161:
5021:
4349:
4339:
4329:
4319:
4309:
4029:), two navigator schools (including the
1973:
1962:
1913:
1765:
1717:This section includes a list of general
1579:
1410:
1402:
762:USSR, Commonwealth of Independent States
6023:Soviet Aircraft and Aviation, 1917–1941
5855:
5603:
5591:
5535:sfn error: no target: CITEREFOdom1998 (
5185:
5176:
5116:
4892:
4703:Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus
3687:Military Transport Aviation Regiment -
3657:, awarded the Order of Suvorov and the
3493:Helicopter Squadron - Mi-26, Mi-6, Mi-8
2755:Consisted of Air Force higher schools.
2634:Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, RSFSR
2269:Командование военнотранспортной авиации
1564:made up more than 3,000 members of the
1336:On 1 January 1941, six months prior to
1266:) of fliers conquering time and space (
1232:Folkloric themes in aviation propaganda
811:Aviation of the Military Maritime Fleet
776:Aviation of the Military Maritime Fleet
513:. The groups were also involved in the
14:
6502:
6084:
6036:
5955:
5936:
5917:"1st Guards Fighter Aviation Division"
5820:
5658:, a bibliographical description and a
5460:
5295:"1st Latvian Night Aviation Regiment (
5104:
5083:
5071:
5009:
4997:
4985:
4961:
4942:
4880:
4868:
4851:
4294:
3862:Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3832:Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3715:Military Transport Aviation Division,
3662:Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3625:Military Transport Aviation Division,
3571:Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3557:Military Transport Aviation Regiment,
3459:of the Ministry of Defence of the USSR
2987:(Naval forces operationally attached):
2849:ВВС Северо-Кавказского военного округа
2789:(Naval forces operationally attached):
2719:Debrecen, Hungarian People's Republic
2685:24th Air Army of Operational Purpose (
2604:(Naval forces operationally attached):
2368:24th Air Army of Operational Purpose (
2110:истребительно-бомбардировочная авиация
1452:aircraft during World War II were the
1184:, completed the same journey over the
1155:the first transpolar flight in history
962:3rd, 20th, and 50th Aviation Squadrons
887:11th, 33rd and 34th Aviation Squadrons
851:7th, 30th, and 40th Aviation Squadrons
6424:Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces
6296:
5794:
5776:
5678:"Flying Schools and Training Centres"
5435:
5423:from the original on 1 September 2016
5305:from the original on 19 December 2010
3880:Military Transport Aviation Regiment
3555:, awarded the Order of the Red Banner
3153:Air Forces of the SIberian District (
2570:Air Forces of the Republic of Belarus
2418:4th Air Army of Operational Purpose (
2353:4th Air Army of Operational Purpose (
2348:Belonged to the Long Range Aviation.
2333:Belonged to the Long Range Aviation.
2315:Belonged to the Long Range Aviation.
2286:Авиация Резерва Главного Командования
2267:Military Transport Aviation Command (
1518:bomber units in the Air Forces – the
1407:Original star roundel in World War II
1025:34th and 35th Aviation Parks 3rd rank
1003:37th and 38th Aviation Parks 3rd rank
992:31st and 32nd Aviation Parks 3rd rank
931:15th and 17th Aviation Parks 1st rank
545:aerial headquarters initially led by
6213:Von Hardesty; Ilya Grinberg (2012).
6192:The Slavic and East European Journal
6081:by Macdonald and Janes (UK) in 1977.
5994:Zaloga, Steve; Volstad, Ron (1987).
5958:The Slavic and East European Journal
5927:
5914:
5738:from the original on 4 February 2012
5530:
5477:
5344:
4768:. On Air power. 2008. Archived from
4749:[GUVVS] (in Russian). RKKA.
4590:aircraft which were easily converted
3762:Military Transport Aviation Division
3540:Military Transport Aviation Division
3502:Nizhny Tagil Metal Proving Institute
3480:368th Composite Aviation Squadron -
3195:ru:34-й смешанный авиационный корпус
2657:Belonged to the Air Defence Forces.
2560:26-я краснознаменная воздушная армия
2385:17-я краснознаменная воздушная армия
2338:46th Air Army of Strategic Purpose (
1703:
1568:. Women pilots flew 24,000 sorties.
1552:588th Night Bomber Aviation Regiment
1352:Early World War II aviation failures
1190:continuing on to Southern California
1070:
920:5th, 9th and 18th Aviation Squadrons
654:Military history of the Soviet Union
6237:, Wren Publishing, Melbourne, 1973
5930:The Collapse of the Soviet Military
5923:from the original on 18 March 2012.
5821:Carson, Austin (31 December 2018).
4803:warintheskies.com, Mike Colclough.
4723:List of Russian aerospace engineers
4165:, VVS Volga-Ural Military District)
4017:Training schools of the VVS and PVO
3529:Military Transport Aviation Command
3506:Flight Test Base - Salka airfield,
3435:25th Composite Aviation Squadron -
2948:1-я краснознаменная воздушная армия
2030:)) under the Air Force Main Staff.
1520:4th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment
1119:
24:
6328:Commonwealth of Independent States
6251:Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
6112:Guest, Carl-Fredrick. "Talkback".
5684:from the original on 18 March 2012
5619:. 20 November 2010. Archived from
5444:"Russian Aviation Regiments 1941–"
5265:(1992) p. 56, Guinness Publishing
4815:from the original on 30 April 2017
4687:
4673:
4659:
4644:
4630:
4616:
4602:
4306:Soviet Air Force inventory in 1990
3375:remained to provide a link to the
3366:and the Soviet counterpart to the
3207:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
3117:Приволжско-Уральский военный округ
2801:Air Forces of the Black Sea Fleet
2426:Legnica, Polish People's Republic
2360:Legnica, Polish People's Republic
2321:37th Air Army of Strategic Purpose
2042:in-flight refueling air regiments.
1723:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1609:Yassy-Kishinev Strategic Offensive
1599:, a much produced flight training
1044:Headquarters VVS Baltic Sea Fleet
923:84th Separate Aviation Detachments
755:Workers and Peasants Red Air Fleet
638:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
25:
6556:
6275:
5555:
5441:
5188:Air Power in the Age of Total War
4141:, VVS Siberian Military District)
3283:unidentified Aviation Squadron -
2461:Group of Soviet Forces in Germany
2101:Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses
1398:Soviet annual aircraft production
1052:Headquarters VVS Black Sea Fleet
1039:42nd Separate Aviation Detachment
953:30th Separate Aviation Detachment
890:21st Separate Aviation Detachment
827:
659:History of Russian military ranks
6470:
6460:
6439:
6418:
6408:
6398:
6388:
6378:
6368:
6358:
6348:
6338:
6091:. No. 100. pp. 56–67.
5915:Holm, Michael (23 August 2011).
5764:from the original on 25 May 2011
5675:
5042:North Caucasus Military District
4753:from the original on 29 May 2008
4183:North Caucasus Military District
4075:North Caucasus Military District
3484:- An-12, Mi-8 (mountain testing)
3012:Belonged to the Naval Aviation.
2999:Air Forces of the Pacific Fleet
2836:North Caucasus Military District
2814:Belonged to the Naval Aviation.
2637:Belonged to the Naval Aviation.
1926:The official day of VVS was the
1846:6th Independent Air Defence Army
1708:
976:31st and 36th Aviation Squadrons
934:16th and 52nd Aviation Squadrons
906:22nd and 43rd Aviation Squadrons
199:
115:
102:
87:
55:
6075:The Soviet Air Force Since 1918
6068:Journal of Contemporary History
6015:
5696:
5669:
5648:
5635:
5609:
5567:
5492:
5483:
5405:
5393:
5347:The Journal of Military History
5338:
5317:
5297:legkobombardirovochny rezhitsky
5287:
5255:
5235:
5204:
5167:
5139:. 1 August 2003. Archived from
5133:"Why did Stalin rise to power?"
5110:
5089:
5047:
5027:
4895:Journal of Contemporary History
3452:929th State Flight Test Center
3274:Kapustin Yar missile test range
3041:ВВС Московского военного округа
2906:Central Asian Military District
2861:Transcaucasus Military District
2841:Северо-Кавказский военный округ
2647:2nd Separate Air Defence Army (
2624:Air Forces of the Baltic Fleet
1948:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1833:phrases over radio in the air.
1690:fighter pilot of World War II.
1544:586th Fighter Aviation Regiment
1538:, one of very few women in the
1373:
1342:Long Range Bombardment Aviation
1299:
770:Military Air Forces of the USSR
731:Historical Air Forces of Russia
6249:Soviet Air Power (Revised Ed).
5856:Drozdov, Sergey (March 2016).
5825:. Princeton University Press.
5758:"Russia: Air forces inventory"
5508:. 23 June 1980. Archived from
4921:
4886:
4796:
4739:
4289:list of Soviet Air Force bases
4242:, primarily a training force)
3596:, awarded the Order of Kutuzov
3310:Transport Aviation Squadron -
3155:ВВС Сибирского военного округа
2503:Czechoslovak People's Republic
2497:Czechoslovak People's Republic
2456:), German Democratic Republic
2103:-specialised Su-24MP variant.
1930:, that often featured notable
1897:Voenno-Transportnaya Aviatsiya
1548:587th Bomber Aviation Regiment
1274:as inspirers and role models.
1102:Spanish Nationalist air forces
646:History of the Soviet Military
13:
1:
6530:1918 establishments in Russia
6006:Soviet Union: a country study
5732:"Russia: Long-range aviation"
5173:Glantz, Colossus Reborn, 311.
4733:
3995:Moscow - Chkalovskiy Air Base
3981:Moscow - Chkalovskiy Air Base
3963:Moscow - Chkalovskiy Air Base
3945:Moscow - Chkalovskiy Air Base
3938:Moscow - Chkalovskiy Air Base
3918:the State-owned flag carrier
2961:Transbaikal Military District
2934:Дальневосточный военный округ
2930:Far Eastern Military District
2542:Belorussian Military District
2303:Air Army of Strategic Purpose
2182:Military transport aviation (
1911:under the Navy Headquarters.
1668:North American B-25 Mitchells
1316:to train the pilots from the
1115:1930s aviation and propaganda
61:Flag of the Soviet Air Forces
6520:Military of the Soviet Union
5996:Inside the Soviet army today
5987:The Armed Forces of the USSR
5760:. GlobalSecurity.org. 2010.
5734:. GlobalSecurity.org. 2010.
4928:Fitzpatrick, Sheila (1999).
4085:Volga-Ural Military District
3915:wartime mobilization assets
3302:2nd State Central Test Range
3112:Volga-Ural Military District
3048:Formerly the 78th Air Army.
2609:Twice awarded the Red Banner
2578:Carpathian Military District
1981:fighter/interceptor aircraft
1855:Western analysts found that
1306:Far Eastern border conflicts
1077:Spanish Republican Air Force
742:Emperor's Military Air Fleet
630:Ranks of the Soviet Military
507:Imperial Russian Air Service
7:
5252:. Retrieved August 23, 2011
4791:Higham & Greenwood 1998
4711:
4040:In 1988, schools included:
3659:Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky
3622:Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky
3523:Military Transport Aviation
3517:Military Transport Aviation
3238:27th Helicopter Squadron -
3054:Leningrad Military District
3018:internal military districts
2965:Забайкальский военный округ
2890:Туркестанский военный округ
2885:Turkestan Military District
2724:Hungarian People's Republic
2582:Прикарпатский военный округ
2184:Военно-транспортная авиация
2036:heavy bomber air regiments,
1942:Breakup of the Soviet Union
1893:Military Transport Aviation
1815:64th Fighter Aviation Corps
1780:Boeing B-29 Superfortresses
1699:
1672:Supermarine Spitfire Mk.Vbs
1419:during the Second World War
1380:Air warfare of World War II
1318:Republic of China Air Force
1036:39th Aviation Park 3rd rank
959:20th Aviation Park 1st rank
947:22nd Aviation Park 2nd rank
917:13th Aviation Park 1st rank
903:11th Aviation Park 1st rank
481:
48:Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily SSSR
47:
10:
6561:
6525:Military history of Russia
6255:Yeliseyev, Sergey (2016).
6197:Pennington, Reina. (2002)
6151:(in French) (105): 50–56.
6134:(in French) (104): 37–56.
5871:"Where Was Our Air Force?"
5576:Jane's Intelligence Review
5301:(in Russian). AllAces.ru.
4907:10.1177/003200949803300108
4504:Electronic countermeasures
4360:
4298:
3442:100th Helicopter Flight -
3201:in Afghanistan during the
3142:Siberian Military District
2866:Закавказский военный округ
2811:Sevastopol, Ukrainian SSR
2487:(131st Mixed Air Division)
2465:German Democratic Republic
2177:reconnaissance squadrons.
1692:
1377:
1149:Transpolar flights of 1937
1074:
884:6th Aviation Park 1st rank
870:1st Aviation Park 1st rank
845:Headquarters 10th Brigade
532:
42:Военно-Воздушные Силы СССР
6484:
6453:
6432:
6334:
6247:Whiting, Kenneth (1986).
5831:10.1515/9780691184241-006
5446:. Samolet. Archived from
5117:Whiting, Kenneth (1986).
3846:, Rostov Oblast, RSFSR -
3191:34th Mixed Aviation Corps
3016:
2912:
2818:
2661:
2546:Белорусский военный округ
2398:
2391:
2283:
2228:
2133:Reconnaissance aviation (
2108:Fighter-bomber aviation (
2099:(no more than 20) of the
2062:
2048:
1838:Soviet Air Defence Forces
1823:Korean People's Air Force
1589:Chief Marshal of Aviation
1572:Innovation and Lend-lease
1362:attacked the Soviet Union
970:Headquarters 7th Brigade
956:Headquarters 5th Brigade
928:Headquarters 8th Brigade
914:Headquarters 6th Brigade
900:Headquarters 2nd Brigade
881:Headquarters 3rd Brigade
867:Headquarters 1st Brigade
529:" was its marching song.
503:Soviet Air Defence Forces
469:
446:
422:
378:
366:
342:
278:
260:
224:
212:
207:
195:
190:
178:
173:
161:
153:
143:
129:
82:
74:
66:
54:
41:
39:
34:
6182:Moynahan, Brian (1989).
5932:. Yale University Press.
5928:Odom, William E (2000).
4805:"Soviet Air Force (VVS)"
4718:List of Russian aviators
4595:Evolution of the Roundel
3899:training establishments
3836:, Chita Oblast, RSFSR -
3600:Radio-electronic warfare
3430:Warsaw Pact Organisation
3393:command alert missiles.)
3085:Baltic Military District
3025:Moscow Military District
3003:ВВС Тихоокеанского флота
2761:Odessa Military District
2701:Southern Group of Forces
2693:Vinnitsa, Ukrainian SSR
2534:Polish People's Republic
2511:Northern Group of Forces
2477:Центральная группа войск
2375:Vinnitsa, Ukrainian SSR
2135:разведывательная авиация
2121:Ground attack aviation (
2093:бомбардировочная авиация
2004:Higher command echelons
1959:Forces in the late 1980s
1922:fighter aircraft in 1989
1901:Soviet Air Defence Force
1850:Baltic Military District
1836:In 1977 the VVS and the
1793:Soviet Air Defence Force
1684:Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub
1625:Royal Romanian Air Force
1529:
1220:Tales of Heroic Aviators
701:, an eventual victim of
6282:Dictatorship of the Air
5869:Hardesty, Von (1991) .
5862:Авиация и космонавтика
5550:Zickel & Keefe 1991
5137:Socialist Worker Online
4517:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25
4511:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
4486:Myasishchev M-4 'Molot'
4425:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23
4419:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
4325:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23
4073:PVO (Air Forces of the
3866:, Amur Oblast, RSFSR -
3377:Strategic Rocket Forces
3248:Semipalatinsk Test Site
3205:. Its HQ was in Kabul,
3147:Сибирский военный округ
2805:ВВС Черноморского флота
2649:2-я отдельная армия ПВО
2473:Central Group of Forces
2434:Western Group of Forces
1979:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-31
1970:Soviet fighter aircraft
1920:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29
1861:Strategic Rocket Forces
1772:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25
1738:more precise citations.
1656:Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawks
1595:which even the ancient
1429:State Defence Committee
1286:Aviation and the purges
836:Headquarters, VVS RKKA
817:Strategic Rocket Forces
788:Strategic Rocket Forces
782:Anti-Air Defence Troops
591:Strategic Rocket Forces
6039:Technology and Culture
5937:Palmer, Scott (2006).
5801:Схема построения звезд
5654:Christina F. Shelton,
5186:Buckley, John (1999).
4692:
4678:
4664:
4649:
4635:
4621:
4607:
4559:577 transport aircraft
4358:
4347:
4337:
4327:
4317:
4269:Kiev Military District
4254:Kiev Military District
4240:Kiev Military District
3598:Aviation Regiment for
3389:and the railway-based
3250:, a nuclear test site)
2877:Tbilisi, Georgian SSR
2781:Odessa, Ukrainian SSR
2766:Одесский военный округ
2737:Киевский военный округ
2732:Kiev Military District
2678:directly subordinated
2615:Дважды Краснознамённый
2411:directly subordinated
2161:and Mi-8 helicopters.
2058:истребительная авиация
1982:
1971:
1923:
1875:(DA), with long-range
1775:
1644:Anglo-Soviet Agreement
1585:
1420:
1408:
1310:Soviet Volunteer Group
1176:, along with his crew
1126:Soviet Communist Party
1100:delivered to Franco's
1055:60th Aviation Squadron
950:24th Aviation Squadron
5402:, p. 253 (Appendixes)
5359:10.1353/jmh.2007.0206
5248:18 March 2012 at the
5217:Air University Review
4691:
4677:
4663:
4648:
4634:
4620:
4606:
4368:175 strategic bombers
4353:
4343:
4333:
4323:
4313:
3749:, Byelorussian SSR -
2901:Alma Ata, Kazakh SSR
2628:ВВС Балтийского флота
2515:Северная группа войск
2438:Западная группа войск
2012:Long Range Aviation (
1977:
1966:
1917:
1909:Soviet Naval Aviation
1769:
1583:
1414:
1406:
1170:Vancouver, Washington
1098:Messerschmitt Bf 109s
139:7,859 aircraft (1990)
6515:Disbanded air forces
6374:Kazakhstan Air Force
6364:Belarusian Air Force
6354:Azerbaijan Air Force
6079:The Soviet Air Force
6021:Andersson, Lennart.
5660:link to the document
5579:, March 1992, p.135.
5223:on 25 September 2014
3760:Mginskaya Red Banner
3372:Ultra high frequency
3278:Vozrozhdeniya Island
3235:- An-12, An-26, Mi-8
2752:Kiev, Ukrainian SSR
2596:Lviv, Ukrainian SSR
2452:Wünsdorf (suburb of
2155:транспортная авиация
2153:Transport aviation (
1928:Soviet Air Fleet Day
1905:interceptor aircraft
1881:Frontovaya Aviatsiya
1879:; Frontal Aviation (
1652:Bell P-63 Kingcobras
1648:Bell P-39 Airacobras
1633:3rd Ukrainian Fronts
1473:Messerschmitt Bf 109
1338:Operation Barbarossa
521:, including the new
501:. The other was the
6476:Ukrainian Air Force
5900:. Routledge Press.
5623:on 20 November 2010
5562:Pre-history of MAKS
5463:, pp. 157–163.
5040:was created in the
4295:Commanders-in-Chief
4083:(Air Forces of the
3719:, Byelorussian SSR
3608:Antonov An-12PP/PPS
3606:, Lithuanian SSR -
3585:, Lithuanian SSR -
3561:, Lithuanian SSR -
3009:Vladivostok, RSFSR
2654:Minsk, Belarus SSR
2565:Minsk, Belarus SSR
2225:
2168:специальная авиация
1994:
1873:Long Range Aviation
1788:Soviet Armed Forces
1660:Douglas A-20 Havocs
1483:to parity with the
1390:Soviet Armed Forces
1384:At the outbreak of
563:Soviet Armed Forces
527:March of the Pilots
167:March of the Pilots
148:Soviet Armed Forces
6466:Georgian Air Force
6394:Moldovan Air Force
6344:Armenian Air Force
5806:2013-04-20 at the
5645:2004, p. 146.
5512:on 6 November 2012
5263:Military Anecdotes
5261:Reagan, Geoffrey.
5143:on 10 January 2011
4693:
4679:
4665:
4650:
4636:
4622:
4608:
4359:
4348:
4338:
4328:
4318:
3666:, Ukrainian SSR -
3646:, Ukrainian SSR -
3636:, Ukrainian SSR -
3289:Air Defence Forces
3270:Aralsk, Kazakh SSR
3104:Riga, Latvian SSR
2953:Khabarovsk, RSFSR
2706:Южная группа войск
2223:
2166:Special Aviation (
2056:Fighter aviation (
2049:Frontal Aviation (
1992:
1983:
1972:
1924:
1776:
1586:
1421:
1409:
1212:October Revolution
1139:Alexander Belyakov
797:Russian Federation
612:Air Defence Forces
547:Konstantin Akashev
6497:
6496:
6445:Turkmen Air Force
6404:Russian Air Force
6226:978-0-7006-1828-6
6073:Boyd, Alexander.
5907:978-0-7146-4784-5
5840:978-0-691-18424-1
5666:format, Appendix.
5533:, pp. 45–46.
5450:on 16 March 2008.
4809:warintheskies.com
4793:, pp. 40–46.
4709:
4708:
4699:Russian Air Force
3904:Ivanovo - Severny
3811:Ivanovo - Severny
3575:, Estonian SSR -
3546:, Lithuanian SSR
3405:, Azerbaijan SSR
3203:Soviet–Afghan War
3189:In addition, the
3187:
3186:
3077:Leningrad, RSFSR
2988:
2830:, Azerbaijan SSR
2790:
2683:
2644:
2605:
2526:
2522:
2488:
2484:
2416:
2257:
2216:
2215:
2201:армейская авиация
2123:штурмовая авиация
2091:Bomber aviation (
2051:фронтовая авиация
1998:Type of aviation
1953:Russian Air Force
1903:, which operated
1885:close air support
1811:air-to-air combat
1764:
1763:
1756:
1664:Hawker Hurricanes
1592:Alexander Novikov
1495:. The other main
1330:Finnish Air Force
1237:Soviet propaganda
1087:Spanish Civil War
1071:Spanish civil war
825:
824:
695:
694:
523:Russian Air Force
479:
465:Soviet Air Forces
458:
457:
368:Attack helicopter
35:Soviet Air Forces
16:(Redirected from
6552:
6510:Soviet Air Force
6474:
6464:
6443:
6422:
6412:
6402:
6392:
6384:Kyrgyz Air Force
6382:
6372:
6362:
6352:
6342:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6294:
6293:
6265:
6263:
6230:
6187:
6160:
6143:
6109:
6100:
6062:
6010:
5999:
5990:
5981:
5970:10.2307/20058219
5952:
5933:
5924:
5911:
5892:
5865:
5852:
5814:
5798:
5792:
5789:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5728:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5673:
5667:
5652:
5646:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5613:
5607:
5606:, pp. 9–10.
5601:
5595:
5589:
5580:
5571:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5442:Hames, David R.
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5419:. 12 June 2006.
5409:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5342:
5336:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5291:
5285:
5279:
5273:
5259:
5253:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5183:
5174:
5171:
5165:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5119:Soviet Air Power
5114:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5051:
5045:
5031:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4988:, pp. 63–4.
4983:
4977:
4974:
4965:
4959:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4872:
4866:
4855:
4849:
4840:
4834:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4800:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4743:
4728:Soviet air shows
4599:
4598:
4287:There is also a
3926:Aeroflot Il-76MD
3848:Ilyushin Il-76MD
3838:Ilyushin Il-76MD
3774:Solnechnogorskiy
3678:, Ukrainian SSR
3629:, Ukrainian SSR
3531:, Moscow, RSFSR
3420:, Moldavian SSR
3219:Главный штаб ВВС
2986:
2788:
2681:
2673:, Moldavian SSR
2642:
2603:
2524:
2520:
2486:
2482:
2414:
2345:Smolensk, RSFSR
2255:
2226:
2222:
1995:
1991:
1936:Tushino airfield
1857:Soviet non-Slavs
1842:Leningrad Oblast
1784:Rolls-Royce Nene
1759:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1734:this section by
1725:inline citations
1712:
1711:
1704:
1241:Russian folklore
1198:
1163:
1120:Positive heroism
728:
727:
687:
680:
673:
573:
559:
558:
519:Soviet republics
484:
474:
472:
471:
203:
121:
119:
118:
108:
106:
105:
99:
93:
91:
90:
78:14 February 1992
59:
50:
44:
43:
32:
31:
21:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6480:
6449:
6428:
6414:Tajik Air Force
6330:
6321:
6278:
6261:
6227:
6051:10.2307/3103253
6018:
5949:
5908:
5889:
5841:
5817:
5808:Wayback Machine
5799:
5795:
5790:
5777:
5767:
5765:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5741:
5739:
5730:
5729:
5722:
5712:
5710:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5687:
5685:
5676:Holm, Michael.
5674:
5670:
5653:
5649:
5640:
5636:
5626:
5624:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5602:
5598:
5590:
5583:
5572:
5568:
5560:
5556:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5529:
5525:
5515:
5513:
5498:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5484:
5476:
5467:
5459:
5455:
5440:
5436:
5426:
5424:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5398:
5394:
5386:
5382:
5343:
5339:
5322:
5318:
5308:
5306:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5280:
5276:
5260:
5256:
5250:Wayback Machine
5240:
5236:
5226:
5224:
5209:
5205:
5198:
5184:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5160:
5156:
5146:
5144:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5115:
5111:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5082:
5078:
5070:
5066:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5032:
5028:
5020:
5016:
5008:
5004:
4996:
4992:
4984:
4980:
4975:
4968:
4960:
4949:
4941:
4937:
4926:
4922:
4891:
4887:
4879:
4875:
4867:
4858:
4850:
4843:
4835:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4801:
4797:
4789:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4772:on 27 July 2011
4764:
4756:
4754:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4714:
4597:
4535:Yakovlev Yak-28
4445:attack aircraft
4365:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4065:Orenburg Oblast
4023:Krasnaya Zvezda
4019:
3796:(2 squadrons),
3577:Ilyushin Il-76M
3563:Ilyushin Il-76M
3519:
3482:Nalchik Airport
3263:Ustyurt Plateau
3215:
2796:Black Sea Fleet
2618:Балтийский флот
2463:, based in the
2394:
2312:Irkutsk, RSFSR
2231:
2221:
2199:Army aviation (
2014:дальная авиация
1961:
1944:
1760:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1730:Please help to
1729:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1697:
1597:Polikarpov Po-2
1574:
1532:
1524:Leningrad Front
1382:
1376:
1354:
1302:
1288:
1234:
1192:
1182:Andrei Yumashev
1157:
1151:
1135:Georgy Baydukov
1122:
1117:
1106:air superiority
1083:
1073:
830:
711:Polikarpov I-15
691:
608:
535:
461:
263:
138:
116:
114:
113:
103:
101:
100:
97:
88:
86:
62:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6558:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6468:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6437:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6416:
6406:
6396:
6386:
6376:
6366:
6356:
6346:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6320:
6319:
6312:
6305:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6277:
6276:External links
6274:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6252:
6245:
6231:
6225:
6210:
6195:
6188:
6179:
6176:
6161:
6144:
6127:
6115:Air Enthusiast
6110:
6101:
6088:Air Enthusiast
6082:
6071:
6064:
6063:(January 1976)
6034:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6000:
5991:
5982:
5953:
5947:
5934:
5925:
5912:
5906:
5893:
5887:
5866:
5853:
5839:
5816:
5815:
5793:
5775:
5749:
5720:
5695:
5668:
5647:
5634:
5608:
5596:
5581:
5566:
5554:
5542:
5523:
5491:
5482:
5465:
5453:
5434:
5404:
5392:
5390:, p. 135.
5380:
5353:(3): 773–808.
5337:
5316:
5286:
5284:, p. 193.
5274:
5254:
5241:Michael Holm,
5234:
5203:
5196:
5175:
5166:
5164:, p. 225.
5154:
5124:
5109:
5097:
5088:
5076:
5064:
5046:
5026:
5014:
5002:
5000:, p. 248.
4990:
4978:
4976:Bergman, p.149
4966:
4947:
4935:
4920:
4885:
4873:
4871:, p. 230.
4856:
4854:, p. 220.
4841:
4839:, p. 472.
4837:Yeliseyev 2016
4826:
4795:
4783:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4694:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4584:
4582:Ilyushin Il-76
4578:
4572:
4566:
4564:Antonov An-124
4560:
4556:
4555:
4553:Ilyushin Il-22
4549:
4547:Tupolev Tu-22M
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4506:(ECM) aircraft
4500:Reconnaissance
4495:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4480:Ilyushin Il-78
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:Mikoyan MiG-27
4465:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4440:
4439:
4437:Mikoyan MiG-29
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4408:
4407:
4405:Tupolev Tu-22M
4401:
4395:
4389:
4382:
4381:
4379:Tupolev Tu-160
4375:
4369:
4307:
4304:
4299:Main article:
4296:
4293:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4272:
4257:
4233:
4219:
4209:
4191:
4186:
4172:
4166:
4156:
4142:
4135:
4121:
4116:
4106:
4088:
4078:
4068:
4057:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3999:Ilyushin Il-80
3991:
3985:Tupolev Tu-134
3977:
3959:
3949:Ilyushin Il-62
3931:
3930:
3929:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3908:Ilyushin Il-76
3897:
3896:
3895:
3891:, Uzbek SSR -
3884:N. F. Gastello
3870:
3858:Transylvanskiy
3850:
3840:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3807:
3801:
3798:Ilyushin Il-76
3794:Antonov An-124
3786:
3784:Antonov An-124
3755:
3754:
3753:
3751:Ilyushin Il-76
3734:
3732:Ilyushin Il-76
3705:
3704:
3703:
3701:Ilyushin Il-76
3697:
3695:Ilyushin Il-76
3691:
3689:Ilyushin Il-76
3672:
3671:
3670:
3668:Ilyushin Il-76
3650:
3648:Ilyushin Il-76
3640:
3638:Ilyushin Il-76
3620:, awarded the
3612:
3611:
3610:
3589:
3587:Ilyushin Il-76
3579:
3565:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3299:
3292:
3281:
3266:
3251:
3236:
3214:
3211:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3151:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3121:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3066:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3037:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3007:
2997:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2968:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2937:
2926:
2925:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2799:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2770:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2741:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2710:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2622:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2585:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2549:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2518:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2490:
2480:
2469:
2468:
2457:
2450:
2441:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2376:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:Moscow, RSFSR
2328:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:Moscow, RSFSR
2274:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:Moscow, RSFSR
2258:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2020:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1960:
1957:
1946:Following the
1943:
1940:
1762:
1761:
1716:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1573:
1570:
1536:Marina Raskova
1531:
1528:
1505:Petlyakov Pe-2
1448:The principal
1378:Main article:
1375:
1372:
1353:
1350:
1348:with Finland.
1322:continuing war
1301:
1298:
1287:
1284:
1233:
1230:
1225:Valery Chkalov
1178:Sergei Danilin
1174:Mikhail Gromov
1150:
1147:
1143:Mikhail Gromov
1131:Valery Chkalov
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
998:
997:
996:
993:
984:
983:
982:
981:
980:
977:
974:
968:
967:
966:
963:
960:
954:
951:
948:
942:
941:
940:
939:
938:
935:
932:
926:
925:
924:
921:
918:
912:
911:
910:
907:
904:
895:
894:
893:
892:
891:
888:
885:
879:
878:
877:
874:
871:
859:
858:
857:
856:
855:
852:
849:
829:
828:1927 structure
826:
823:
822:
821:
820:
819:(1991–present)
814:
813:(1991–present)
808:
807:(1991–present)
799:
798:
794:
793:
792:
791:
785:
779:
773:
764:
763:
759:
758:
751:
750:
746:
745:
738:
737:
736:Russian Empire
733:
732:
693:
692:
690:
689:
682:
675:
667:
664:
663:
662:
661:
656:
648:
647:
643:
642:
641:
640:
632:
631:
627:
626:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
607:
606:
601:
595:
593:
588:
580:
579:
575:
574:
566:
565:
551:Glavvozduhflot
534:
531:
493:"; initialism
467:(Russian:
459:
456:
455:
450:
444:
443:
426:
420:
419:
382:
376:
375:
370:
364:
363:
346:
340:
339:
282:
276:
275:
266:
258:
257:
228:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
208:Aircraft flown
205:
204:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
171:
170:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
131:
127:
126:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6557:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6477:
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6469:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6431:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6318:
6313:
6311:
6306:
6304:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6270:
6267:
6260:
6259:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6244:
6243:0-85885-194-6
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6222:
6218:
6217:
6211:
6208:
6207:0-7006-1145-2
6204:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6173:0-7006-1140-1
6170:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6128:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6107:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6035:
6032:
6031:1-55750-770-8
6028:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6008:
6007:
6001:
5997:
5992:
5989:(3 ed.).
5988:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5954:
5950:
5948:0-521-85957-3
5944:
5940:
5935:
5931:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5913:
5909:
5903:
5899:
5894:
5890:
5888:0-87474-510-1
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5812:Yandex.Photos
5809:
5805:
5802:
5797:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5763:
5759:
5753:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5725:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5683:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5651:
5644:
5638:
5622:
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5605:
5600:
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5586:
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5570:
5563:
5558:
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5546:
5538:
5532:
5527:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5495:
5486:
5479:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5462:
5457:
5449:
5445:
5438:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5401:
5396:
5389:
5388:Hardesty 1991
5384:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5333:0-85885-194-6
5330:
5326:
5320:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5290:
5283:
5282:Hardesty 1991
5278:
5272:
5271:0-85112-519-0
5268:
5264:
5258:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5238:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5207:
5199:
5197:0-253-33557-4
5193:
5189:
5182:
5180:
5170:
5163:
5162:Hardesty 1991
5158:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5120:
5113:
5107:, p. 55.
5106:
5101:
5092:
5086:, p. 69.
5085:
5080:
5074:, p. 73.
5073:
5068:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5024:, p. 55.
5023:
5022:Hardesty 1991
5018:
5012:, p. 64.
5011:
5006:
4999:
4994:
4987:
4982:
4973:
4971:
4964:, p. 39.
4963:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4945:, p. 38.
4944:
4939:
4931:
4924:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4889:
4883:, p. 63.
4882:
4877:
4870:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4853:
4848:
4846:
4838:
4833:
4831:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4787:
4771:
4767:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4738:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4576:Antonov An-12
4573:
4571:
4570:Antonov An-22
4567:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4542:
4541:Tupolev Tu-16
4538:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4492:Tupolev Tu-16
4489:
4487:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4400:
4399:Tupolev Tu-22
4396:
4394:
4393:Tupolev Tu-16
4390:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4373:Tupolev Tu-95
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4315:Tupolev Tu-16
4312:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:17th Air Army
4234:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4202:Tambov Oblast
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3967:Antonov An-12
3964:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3893:Antonov An-12
3890:
3886:
3885:
3879:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3868:Antonov An-12
3865:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:Antonov An-22
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:Antonov An-22
3802:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3618:Zaporozhskaya
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3567:196th Guards
3566:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:Leningradskiy
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3456:V. P. Chkalov
3450:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:Semipalatinsk
3303:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:Semipalatinsk
3237:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:15th Air Army
3098:
3096:
3094:
3093:военный округ
3091:
3090:Прибалтийский
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3062:военный округ
3060:
3059:Ленинградский
3055:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3033:военный округ
3031:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2994:Pacific Fleet
2993:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2979:Chita, RSFSR
2978:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:73rd Air Army
2895:
2893:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:34th Air Army
2871:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2212:
2208:
2206:a single arm
2205:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2189:a single arm
2188:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2019:a single arm
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2001:Aviation arm
2000:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1827:PLA Air Force
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1755:
1747:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1676:friendly fire
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1557:Night Witches
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1509:Ilyushin Il-4
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:Ilyushin Il-2
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1417:Ivan Kozhedub
1413:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1394:Joseph Stalin
1391:
1387:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1294:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1257:(warriors).
1256:
1255:
1251:(eagles), or
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1081:Condor Legion
1078:
1068:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
994:
991:
990:
989:
986:Headquarters
985:
978:
975:
972:
971:
969:
964:
961:
958:
957:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
943:
936:
933:
930:
929:
927:
922:
919:
916:
915:
913:
908:
905:
902:
901:
899:
898:
896:
889:
886:
883:
882:
880:
875:
872:
869:
868:
866:
865:
864:
861:Headquarters
860:
853:
850:
847:
846:
844:
843:
842:
839:Headquarters
838:
837:
835:
834:
833:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
802:
801:
800:
796:
795:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
767:
766:
765:
761:
760:
756:
753:
752:
748:
747:
743:
740:
739:
735:
734:
730:
729:
726:
724:
723:Ilyushin DB-3
720:
717:fighters and
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:Joseph Stalin
700:
699:Yakov Alksnis
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
669:
668:
666:
665:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
650:
649:
645:
644:
639:
636:
635:
634:
633:
629:
628:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
594:
592:
589:
587:
586:General Staff
584:
583:
582:
581:
577:
576:
572:
568:
567:
564:
561:
560:
557:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:; literally "
488:
483:
477:
466:
460:Military unit
454:
451:
449:
445:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
425:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
381:
377:
374:
371:
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:
345:
341:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
281:
277:
274:
270:
267:
265:
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
227:
223:
220:
217:
215:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
136:
132:
128:
124:
111:
96:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
58:
53:
49:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Red Air Force
6257:
6248:
6234:
6215:
6198:
6191:
6183:
6164:
6163:Loza, D. F.
6148:
6131:
6113:
6105:
6086:
6078:
6074:
6070:33 (1): 136.
6067:
6045:(1): 55–81.
6042:
6038:
6022:
6016:Bibliography
6005:
5995:
5986:
5961:
5957:
5938:
5929:
5897:
5874:
5861:
5822:
5796:
5766:. Retrieved
5752:
5740:. Retrieved
5711:. Retrieved
5707:
5698:
5686:. Retrieved
5671:
5650:
5642:
5637:
5625:. Retrieved
5621:the original
5611:
5604:Drozdov 2016
5599:
5592:Drozdov 2016
5574:
5569:
5557:
5545:
5526:
5514:. Retrieved
5510:the original
5503:
5494:
5485:
5456:
5448:the original
5437:
5425:. Retrieved
5416:
5407:
5399:
5395:
5383:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5324:
5319:
5307:. Retrieved
5296:
5289:
5277:
5262:
5257:
5237:
5225:. Retrieved
5221:the original
5216:
5206:
5187:
5169:
5157:
5145:. Retrieved
5141:the original
5136:
5127:
5118:
5112:
5100:
5091:
5079:
5067:
5058:
5049:
5038:3rd Air Army
5034:2nd Air Army
5029:
5017:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4938:
4929:
4923:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4876:
4817:. Retrieved
4808:
4798:
4786:
4774:. Retrieved
4770:the original
4755:. Retrieved
4741:
4529:Sukhoi Su-24
4523:Sukhoi Su-17
4463:Sukhoi Su-25
4457:Sukhoi Su-24
4451:Sukhoi Su-17
4431:Sukhoi Su-27
4345:Sukhoi Su-24
4335:Sukhoi Su-15
4286:
4151:, VVS NCMD;
4113:Borisoglebsk
4039:
4027:Borisoglebsk
4020:
3919:
3882:named after
3881:
3873:
3855:Komsomolskiy
3853:
3825:
3800:(1 squadron)
3772:
3759:
3737:
3708:
3683:
3653:
3644:Zaporizhzhia
3615:
3592:
3550:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3508:Nizhny Tagil
3501:
3454:named after
3453:
3451:
3429:
3413:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3343:
3325:
3315:Kurchatov-21
3301:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3188:
3154:
3146:
3144:
3135:
3124:
3116:
3114:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3070:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3040:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3017:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2989:
2972:
2964:
2947:
2941:
2933:
2917:
2913:
2889:
2887:
2865:
2863:
2848:
2840:
2838:
2823:
2819:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2791:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2686:
2684:
2666:
2662:
2648:
2627:
2625:
2617:
2614:
2611:Baltic Fleet
2608:
2606:
2589:
2581:
2559:
2553:
2545:
2523:
2521:No Air Army.
2514:
2485:
2483:No Air Army.
2476:
2445:
2437:
2419:
2417:
2403:
2399:
2384:
2380:
2369:
2354:
2339:
2324:
2306:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2268:
2249:
2200:
2183:
2167:
2154:
2134:
2122:
2109:
2092:
2077:
2076:Air Armies (
2070:
2066:
2057:
2050:
2027:
2023:
2013:
1986:
1984:
1968:Sukhoi Su-27
1945:
1925:
1896:
1889:interdiction
1880:
1870:
1854:
1835:
1804:
1797:
1777:
1750:
1741:
1722:
1681:
1637:
1621:Luftflotte 4
1604:
1600:
1587:
1575:
1565:
1562:
1555:
1554:(a.k.a. the
1539:
1533:
1513:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:brought the
1456:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1386:World War II
1383:
1374:World War II
1365:
1359:Nazi Germany
1355:
1335:
1312:was sent to
1303:
1300:Early combat
1289:
1280:
1276:
1268:prostranstvo
1267:
1261:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1208:Aviation Day
1201:
1152:
1123:
1110:
1090:
1084:
1065:
831:
769:
754:
696:
616:
555:
550:
538:
536:
511:World War II
499:Soviet Union
494:
490:
486:
464:
462:
184:
144:Part of
110:Soviet Union
95:Russian SFSR
29:
6194:49 (1): 38.
5713:14 November
5461:Carson 2018
5400:Red Phoenix
5227:18 December
5105:Bailes 1976
5084:Bailes 1976
5072:Bailes 1976
5010:Bailes 1976
4998:Palmer 2006
4986:Bailes 1976
4962:Palmer 2005
4943:Palmer 2005
4881:Bailes 1976
4869:Palmer 2006
4852:Palmer 2006
4385:390 medium
4115:, VVS NCMD)
4103:(Panfilovo)
4050:Chui Oblast
3828:Kerchenskiy
3792:), RSFSR -
3782:), RSFSR -
3730:), RSFSR -
3724:Krechevitsy
3711:Smolenskaya
3521:The Soviet
2294:Smolenskaya
1987:вид авиации
1865:Soviet Navy
1798:During the
1736:introducing
1461:AS Yakovlev
1435:advance of
1247:(falcons),
1193: [
1158: [
790:(1959–1992)
784:(1948–1992)
778:(1918–1992)
772:(1918–1992)
757:(1918–1991)
744:(1909–1917)
707:Great Purge
604:Soviet Army
380:Interceptor
125:(1991–1992)
112:(1922–1991)
98:(1918–1922)
70:24 May 1918
6504:Categories
6324:Air Forces
5919:. WW2.DK.
5768:4 February
5742:4 February
5680:. WW2.DK.
5516:4 February
5417:HistoryNet
5309:4 February
5147:4 February
4901:(1): 136.
4819:5 February
4776:4 February
4734:References
4475:74 tankers
4361:See also:
4130:, HQ VVS)(
4099:Altai Krai
4054:Kyrgyz SSR
3997:, RSFSR -
3983:, RSFSR -
3965:, RSFSR -
3947:, RSFSR -
3878:Red Banner
3860:Red Banner
3830:Red Banner
3742:Red Banner
3684:Moskovskiy
3664:Kryvyi Rih
3655:Cherkaskiy
3627:Kryvyi Rih
3594:Berlinskiy
3463:Akhtubinsk
3386:'Perimetr'
3348:Chkalovsky
3244:Kazakh SSR
3071:Red Banner
3030:Московский
2992:Red Banner
2973:Red Banner
2942:Red Banner
2920:) - HQ in
2826:) - HQ in
2794:Red Banner
2775:Red Banner
2746:Red Banner
2714:Red Banner
2669:) - HQ in
2590:Red Banner
2554:Red Banner
2446:Red Banner
2383:Air Army (
2381:Red Banner
2299:Red Banner
2033:Included:
1863:, and the
1807:Korean War
1719:references
1693:See also:
1640:Lend-Lease
1601:(uchebnyy)
1550:, and the
1457:Shturmovik
1346:Winter War
1326:Winter War
1186:North Pole
1075:See also:
719:Tupolev SB
617:Air Forces
578:Components
515:Korean War
344:Helicopter
262:Electronic
174:Commanders
154:Main staff
6436:Associate
6157:1243-8650
6140:1243-8650
6124:0143-5450
6097:0143-5450
5849:239293400
5688:23 August
5531:Odom 1998
5478:Holm 2011
5427:19 August
5375:159715267
4915:157937639
4250:Chernigov
4179:Stavropol
4149:Krasnodar
4128:Volgograd
4010:aircraft.
3876:Bryanskiy
3864:Zavitinsk
3676:Melitopol
3583:Kėdainiai
3559:Panevėžys
3296:Astrakhan
3259:Uzbek SSR
3199:40th Army
2716:Air Army
1932:air shows
1744:July 2010
1646:, mostly
1605:Wehrmacht
1489:Luftwaffe
1485:Luftwaffe
1443:Luftwaffe
1367:Luftwaffe
1296:arrests.
1204:Bolshevik
1092:Luftwaffe
725:bombers.
543:Bolshevik
476:romanized
424:Transport
75:Disbanded
5978:20058219
5921:Archived
5804:Archived
5762:Archived
5736:Archived
5682:Archived
5627:21 April
5421:Archived
5367:30052890
5303:Archived
5246:Archived
5059:All Aces
5055:"Kharin"
4813:Archived
4751:Archived
4712:See also
4588:Aeroflot
4413:fighters
4355:Mil Mi-8
4265:Chuguyev
4163:Orenburg
4067:(HQ VVS)
4061:Totskoye
4056:(HQ VVS)
3921:Aeroflot
3844:Taganrog
3768:, RSFSR
3728:Novgorod
3604:Šiauliai
3544:Šiauliai
3444:Damascus
3418:Kishinev
3330:Voronezh
3073:Air Army
2975:Air Army
2944:Air Army
2924:, RSFSR
2922:Ulan-Ude
2777:Air Army
2748:Air Army
2671:Chișinău
2592:Air Army
2556:Air Army
2493:Milovice
2448:Air Army
1800:Cold War
1700:Cold War
1642:and the
1623:and the
1320:for the
1293:Red Army
1104:secured
599:Red Army
487:VVS SSSR
191:Insignia
185:See list
135:aircraft
6326:of the
6108:. RAND.
6059:3103253
5641:Feskov
4387:bombers
4279:Lugansk
4261:Kharkiv
4095:Barnaul
3889:Fergana
3874:Guards
3834:Ukkurey
3826:Guards
3790:Bryansk
3780:Bryansk
3747:Vitebsk
3717:Vitebsk
3709:Guards
3616:Guards
3569:Minskiy
3551:Guards
3437:Legnica
3381:"Звено"
3233:Kubinka
1918:Soviet
1877:bombers
1831:Chinese
1819:MiG-15s
1732:improve
1503:), the
1425:Frontal
1272:leaders
1254:bogatyr
1216:Victory
533:Origins
525:. The "
417:Yak-28P
280:Fighter
264:warfare
196:Roundel
133:10,101
83:Country
67:Founded
6457:Former
6241:
6223:
6205:
6171:
6155:
6138:
6122:
6095:
6057:
6029:
5976:
5945:
5904:
5885:
5847:
5837:
5708:ww2.dk
5643:et al.
5373:
5365:
5331:
5269:
5194:
4913:
4757:31 May
4443:2,510
4411:1,275
4267:, VVS
4252:, VVS
4198:Tambov
4181:, VVS
4046:Frunze
3989:Tu-154
3872:194th
3852:930th
3824:192nd
3771:566th
3739:Berlin
3736:334th
3726:(near
3652:363rd
3634:Artsyz
3591:117th
3549:128th
3391:'Gorn'
2454:Zossen
2243:Notes
2067:ВА РГК
2024:ВА РГК
2007:Notes
1891:; and
1887:, and
1721:, but
1688:Allied
1666:, and
1611:, the
1546:, the
1516:Guards
1475:. The
1415:Pilot
1388:, the
1263:skazki
1245:sokoly
1222:, and
1166:ANT-25
1141:, and
448:Tanker
437:An-124
413:Yak-27
409:Yak-25
405:Tu-128
389:MiG-31
385:MiG-25
337:Yak-17
333:Yak-15
317:MiG-29
313:MiG-27
309:MiG-23
305:MiG-21
301:MiG-19
297:MiG-17
293:MiG-15
273:Tu-126
255:Tu-160
247:Tu-22M
226:Bomber
214:Attack
157:Moscow
137:(1973)
120:
107:
92:
6262:(PDF)
6055:JSTOR
5974:JSTOR
5964:(1).
5845:S2CID
5617:"vvs"
5371:S2CID
5363:JSTOR
4911:S2CID
4226:Yeysk
4139:Kansk
4003:Il-82
3975:An-24
3971:An-26
3957:Il-76
3953:Il-86
3758:12th
3681:25th
3573:Tartu
3536:18th
3364:Il-86
3255:Nukus
3069:76th
2971:23rd
2744:17th
2712:36th
2588:14th
2552:26th
2444:16th
2292:30th
1530:Women
1493:Yak-3
1477:Yak-9
1468:Yak-1
1314:China
1197:]
1162:]
453:Il-78
441:Il-76
433:An-22
429:An-12
401:Su-15
397:Su-11
373:Mi-24
361:Mi-17
357:Mi-14
329:Su-27
325:Su-17
289:MiG-9
285:La-15
251:Tu-95
243:Tu-22
239:Tu-16
235:Su-24
231:Il-28
219:Su-25
162:March
6239:ISBN
6221:ISBN
6203:ISBN
6169:ISBN
6153:ISSN
6136:ISSN
6120:ISSN
6093:ISSN
6027:ISBN
5943:ISBN
5902:ISBN
5883:ISBN
5835:ISBN
5810:.//
5770:2011
5744:2011
5715:2022
5690:2011
5629:2021
5537:help
5518:2011
5505:Time
5429:2016
5329:ISBN
5311:2011
5267:ISBN
5229:2015
5192:ISBN
5149:2011
4821:2017
4778:2011
4759:2008
4580:385
4574:125
4539:120
4533:170
4527:150
4521:135
4515:160
4502:and
4498:835
4467:905
4461:340
4455:830
4449:535
4435:540
4423:595
4403:190
4397:120
4371:160
4093:(HQ
3766:Tver
3707:3rd
3614:6th
3403:Baku
3312:ZATO
3285:Klin
2940:1st
2828:Baku
2773:5th
1825:and
1631:and
1617:17th
1615:and
1501:La-5
1438:Heer
1249:orly
1188:and
1180:and
1079:and
721:and
715:I-16
713:and
622:Navy
537:The
463:The
393:Su-9
353:Mi-8
349:Mi-2
321:Su-7
269:A-50
130:Size
6047:doi
5966:doi
5827:doi
5664:PDF
5662:in
5355:doi
4903:doi
4568:55
4562:12
4551:30
4545:20
4509:50
4490:20
4484:40
4478:14
4429:90
4417:50
4391:80
4377:15
4216:Ufa
3368:E-4
2240:HQ
2175:UAV
1629:2nd
1613:5th
1566:VVS
1540:VVS
1497:VVS
1481:VVS
1464:OKB
1450:VVS
1168:in
705:'s
495:VVS
123:CIS
6506::
6053:.
6043:17
6041:.
5972:.
5962:49
5960:.
5881:.
5879:55
5873:.
5843:.
5833:.
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5502:.
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5351:71
5349:.
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5057:.
4969:^
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4909:.
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4811:.
4807:.
4763:;
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2078:ВА
2071:ОН
2060:)
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2028:СН
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1955:.
1938:.
1795:.
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1218:,
1195:ru
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