Manfred von Richthofen

3739: 1160: 811: 1476: 462: 1258:. He fired at Richthofen's aircraft on two occasions: first as the Baron was heading straight at his position, and then at long range from the plane's right. Given the nature of Richthofen's wounds, Popkin was in a position to fire the fatal shot when the pilot passed him for a second time. Some confusion has been caused by a letter that Popkin wrote in 1935 to an Australian official historian. It stated Popkin's belief that he had fired the fatal shot as Richthofen flew straight at his position. In this respect, Popkin was incorrect; the bullet which caused the Baron's death came from the side (see above). 1464: 203: 878: 1226:(AA) machine gunner firing from the ground. A post mortem examination of the body showed the bullet that killed Richthofen penetrated from the right underarm and exited next to the left nipple. Brown's attack was probably from behind and above Richthofen's left. Even more conclusively, Richthofen could not have continued his pursuit of May for as long as he did (up to two minutes) had his wound come from Brown. Brown himself never spoke much about what happened that day, claiming, "There is no point in me commenting, as the evidence is already out there." 706:, France, on 17 September 1916. His autobiography states, "I honoured the fallen enemy by placing a stone on his beautiful grave." He contacted a jeweller in Berlin and ordered a silver cup engraved with the date and the type of enemy aircraft. He continued to celebrate each of his victories in the same manner until he had 60 cups, by which time the dwindling supply of silver in blockaded Germany meant that silver cups could no longer be supplied. Richthofen discontinued his orders at this stage, rather than accept cups made from base metal. 352: 1209: 1003:

an hour. Therefore I do not succeed in shooting down two Englishmen in succession. If one of them comes down, I have the feeling of complete satisfaction. Only much later have I overcome my instinct and have become a butcher". In another passage, Richthofen wrote "I am in wretched spirits after every aerial combat. I believe that is not as the people at home imagine it, with a hurrah and a roar; it is very serious, very grim." An English translation by J. Ellis Barker was published in 1918 as

1657: 1230: 780: 970: 586:, which made traditional cavalry operations outdated and inefficient, Richthofen's regiment was dismounted, serving as dispatch runners and field telephone operators. Disappointed and bored at not being able to directly participate in combat, the last straw for Richthofen was an order to transfer to the army's supply branch. His interest in the Air Service had been aroused by his examination of a German military aircraft behind the lines, and he applied for a transfer to 55: 3748: 1645: 1357: 1573: 488: 3767: 3901: 644:"I had been told the name of the place to which we were to fly and I was to direct the pilot. At first we flew straight ahead, then the pilot turned to the right, then left. I had lost all sense of direction over our own aerodrome! ... I didn't care a bit where I was, and when the pilot thought it was time to go down, I was disappointed. Already I was counting down the hours to the time we could start again." 425:, better known as "The Flying Circus" or "Richthofen's Circus" because of the bright colours of its aircraft, and perhaps also because of the way the unit was transferred from one area of Entente air activity to another – moving like a travelling circus, and frequently setting up in tents on improvised airfields. By 1918, Richthofen was regarded as a national hero in Germany, and respected by his enemies. 1143:(AIF). The aircraft bounced heavily upon hitting the ground: the undercarriage collapsed and the fuel tank was smashed before the aircraft skidded to a stop. Several witnesses, including Gunner George Ridgway, reached the crashed plane and found Richthofen already dead, and his face slammed into the butts of his machine guns, breaking his nose, fracturing his jaw and creating contusions on his face. 1626: 725: 901:" 1917. In that month alone, he shot down 22 British aircraft, including four in a single day, raising his official tally to 52. By June, he had become the commander of the first of the new larger "fighter wing" formations; these were highly mobile, combined tactical units that could move at short notice to different parts of the front as required. Richthofen's new command, 3913: 1147: 934: 1401: 909:

and enlisted men alike; indeed, he urged his pilots to remain on good terms with the mechanics who maintained their aircraft. He taught his pilots the basic rule which he wanted them to fight by: "Aim for the man and don't miss him. If you are fighting a two-seater, get the observer first; until you have silenced the gun, don't bother about the pilot."

1193:, Poland. He had briefly been stationed in Ostrów before going to war, as it was part of Germany until the end of World War I. The document is a one-page, handwritten form in a 1918 registry book of deaths. It misspells Richthofen's name as "Richthoven" and simply states that he had "died 21 April 1918, from wounds sustained in combat". 1421:, in which a large number of German war dead, including Richthofen, were reinterred. In 1925 von Richthofen's youngest brother, Bolko, recovered the body from Fricourt and took it to Germany. The family's intention was for it to be buried in the Schweidnitz cemetery next to the graves of his father and his brother 1348:. This was part of Germany's last opportunity to win the war. In the face of Entente air superiority, the German air service was having difficulty acquiring vital reconnaissance information, and could do little to prevent Entente squadrons from completing effective reconnaissance and close support of their armies. 771:

without his aircraft catching fire. He then scored a victory in the Albatros D.II on 9 March, but his Albatros D.III was grounded for the rest of the month so he switched again to a Halberstadt D.II. He returned to his Albatros D.III on 2 April 1917 and scored 22 victories in it before switching to

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and edited. There are, however, passages that are most unlikely to have been inserted by an official editor. Richthofen wrote: "My father discriminates between a sportsman and a butcher. The latter shoots for fun. When I have shot down an Englishman, my hunting passion is satisfied for a quarter of

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Richthofen took the flamboyant step of having his Albatros painted red when he became a squadron commander. His autobiography states: "For whatever reasons, one fine day I came upon the idea of having my crate painted glaring red. The result was that absolutely everyone could not help but notice my

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There is a suggestion that on the day of Richthofen's death, the prevailing wind was about 40 km/h (25 mph) easterly, rather than the usual 40 km/h (25 mph) westerly. This meant that Richthofen, heading generally westward at an airspeed of about 160 km/h (99 mph), was

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The Red Baron returned to active service against doctor's orders on 25 July, but took convalescent leave from 5 September to 23 October. His wound is thought to have caused lasting damage; he later often suffered from post-flight nausea and headaches, as well as a change in temperament. There is a

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Richthofen was a brilliant tactician, building on Boelcke's tactics. Unlike Boelcke, however, he led by example and force of will rather than by inspiration. He was often described as distant, unemotional, and rather humorless, though some colleagues contended otherwise. He was cordial to officers

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The actual bullet lodged in Richthofen's clothing. It was apparently recovered, but it has not been preserved for examination by modern historians. It was apparently a normal ball round, as fired by all British rifle-calibre arms, and thus would not be any help in resolving the controversy of who

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from late August 1917, the distinctive three-winged aircraft with which he is most commonly associated—although he did not use the type exclusively until after it was reissued with strengthened wings in November. Only 19 of his 80 kills were made in this type of aircraft, despite the popular link

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Richthofen was a highly experienced and skilled fighter pilot—fully aware of the risk from ground fire. Further, he concurred with the rules of air fighting created by his late mentor Boelcke, who specifically advised pilots not to take unnecessary risks. In this context, Richthofen's judgement

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in the British army. The system in the British army was for an officer to hold the rank appropriate to his level of command, if only on a temporary basis, even if he had not been formally promoted. In the German army, it was not unusual for a wartime officer to hold a lower rank than his duties

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By 1918, Richthofen had become such a legend that it was feared that his death would be a blow to the morale of the German people. He refused to accept a ground job after his wound, stating that "every poor fellow in the trenches must do his duty" and that he would therefore continue to fly in

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soon took to painting parts of their aircraft red. Their official reason seems to have been to make their leader less conspicuous, to avoid having him singled out in a fight. In practice, red colouration became a unit identification. Other units soon adopted their own squadron colours, and

688:—although he received no official credit. A week later, he decided to ignore more experienced pilots' advice against flying through a thunderstorm. He later noted that he had been "lucky to get through the weather" and vowed never again to fly in such conditions unless ordered to do so. 596:. He was widely reported to have written in his application for transfer, "I have not gone to war in order to collect cheese and eggs, but for another purpose." His request was granted, and Richthofen joined the flying service at the end of May 1915 training as an aerial observer at 957:, causing instant disorientation and temporary partial blindness. He regained his vision in time to ease the aircraft out of a spin and execute a forced landing in a field in friendly territory. The injury required multiple operations to remove bone splinters from the impact area. 1092:. On seeing his cousin being attacked, Richthofen flew to his rescue and fired on May, causing him to pull away. Richthofen pursued May across the Somme. The Baron was spotted and briefly attacked by a Camel piloted by May's school friend and flight commander, Canadian Captain 2192:

The funeral of Rittmeister Baron M. Von Richthofen. Firing party presenting arms as the coffin passes into the cemetery, borne on the shoulders of six pilots of No. 3 Squadron A.F.C. Bertangles, France 22nd April 1918. The Padre is Captain Reverend George H. Marshall, M.A.,

459:." That is not a given name or strictly a hereditary title since all male members of the family were entitled to it, even during the lifetime of their father. Richthofen painted his aircraft red, which, combined with his title, led to him being called the "Red Baron" ( 1151: 1011:

combat. Certainly he had become part of a cult of officially encouraged hero-worship. German propaganda circulated various false rumours, including that the British had raised squadrons specially to hunt Richthofen and had offered large rewards and an automatic

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red bird. In fact, my opponents also seemed to be not entirely unaware ". Thereafter he usually flew in red-painted aircraft, although not all of them were entirely red, nor was the "red" necessarily the brilliant scarlet beloved of model- and replica-builders.

1405: 1148: 744:. After a long dogfight, Hawker was shot in the back of the head as he attempted to escape back to his own lines. After this combat, Richthofen was convinced that he needed a fighter aircraft with more agility, even with a loss of speed. He switched to the 1402: 1341:

travelling over the ground at up to 200 km/h (120 mph) rather than the more typical ground speed of 120 km/h (75 mph). This was considerably faster than normal and he could easily have strayed over enemy lines without realizing it.

905:, was composed of fighter squadrons No. 4, 6, 10, and 11. J.G. 1 became widely known as "The Flying Circus" due to the unit's brightly coloured aircraft and its mobility, including the use of tents, trains, and caravans, where appropriate. 1504:

For decades after World War I, some authors questioned whether Richthofen had achieved 80 victories, insisting that his record was exaggerated for propaganda purposes. Some claimed that he took credit for aircraft downed by his squadron or wing.

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was published as early as 1958—with documented RFC/RAF squadron details, aircraft serial numbers, and the identities of Entente airmen killed or captured—73 of the 80 listed match recorded British losses. A study conducted by British historian

2609: 626:, who would later teach him to fly solo. In September 1915 on being transferred to Brieftauben Abteilung Ostende (B.A.O) on the Champagne front and assigned to Pilot Henning von Osterroth, he is believed to have shot down an attacking French 1150: 1159: 1404: 721:; however, he was a noted tactician and squadron leader and a fine marksman. Typically, he would dive from above to attack with the advantage of the sun behind him, with other pilots of his squadron covering his rear and flanks. 676:. Initially, he appeared to be a below-average pilot. He struggled to control his aircraft, and he crashed during his first flight at the controls. Despite this poor start, he rapidly became attuned to his aircraft. He was over 432:

on 21 April 1918. There has been considerable discussion and debate regarding aspects of his career, especially the circumstances of his death. He remains one of the most widely known fighter pilots of all time, and has been

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implied; German officers were promoted according to a schedule and not by battlefield promotion. It was also the custom for a son not to hold a higher rank than his father, and Richthofen's father was a reserve major.

2172:, before he died. The definition of "kaputt" is often in contention. This is disputed by accounts which state that Richthofen was already dead and the nature of his wound, as well as his broken nose and fractured jaw. 695:, and he selected Richthofen to join this unit, one of the first German fighter squadrons. Boelcke was killed during a midair collision with a friendly aircraft on 28 October 1916, and Richthofen witnessed the event. 893:

During a visit to her home, the Baron's mother asked him why he risked his life every day, and he said: "For the man in the trenches. I want to ease his hard lot in life by keeping the enemy flyers away from him."

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bullet hit Richthofen through the chest, severely damaging his heart and lungs; it would have killed Richthofen in less than a minute. His aircraft stalled and went into a steep dive, hitting the ground at

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which led him to enter training as a pilot in October 1915. In February 1916, Manfred "rescued" his brother Lothar from the boredom of training new troops in Luben and encouraged him to transfer to the

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in 1998, reached the same conclusion about the high degree of accuracy of Richthofen's claimed victories. There were also unconfirmed victories that would put his actual total as high as 100 or more.

1096:. Brown had to dive steeply at very high speed to intervene, and then had to climb steeply to avoid hitting the ground. Richthofen turned to avoid this attack, and then resumed his pursuit of May. 514:

family. His father was Major Albrecht Philipp Karl Julius Freiherr von Richthofen and his mother was Kunigunde von Schickfuss und Neudorff. He had an elder sister, Ilse, and two younger brothers.

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between Richthofen and the Fokker Dr.I. It was his Albatros D.III Serial No. 789/16 that was first painted bright red, in late January 1917, and in which he first earned his name and reputation.

1007:. Although Richthofen died before a revised version could be prepared, he is on record as repudiating the book, stating that it was "too insolent" and that he was no longer that kind of person. 802:

with suggestions to overcome the deficiencies of the then current German fighter aircraft. He never had an opportunity to fly the new type in combat, as he was killed before it entered service.

1333:, was killed by ground fire on 26 July 1918 while crossing the lines at low level, an action he had always cautioned his younger pilots against. One of the most popular of the French air aces, 1024: 3540:

The Aviation Awards of the Grand Duchies of Baden and Oldenburg Foundation of Aviation World War I: Aviation Awards of Imperial Germany in World War I and the Men Who Earned Them – Volume VI.

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Richthofen met Oswald Boelcke again in August 1916, after another spell flying two-seaters on the Eastern Front. Boelcke was visiting the east in search of candidates for his newly formed

1988:(RCMI) in 1920. Apart from the triplane's seat, the RCMI, in Toronto, also holds a side panel signed by the pilots of Brown's squadron. The engine of Richthofen's Dr.I was donated to the 1463: 1245:

was the person most likely to have killed Richthofen, including a 1998 article by Geoffrey Miller, a physician, and historian of military medicine, and a 2002 edition of the British

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of No. 20, who was killed by German anti-aircraft fire a few days later (12 July 1917) near Wervik. Cunnell's observer Lt. A. G. Bill successfully flew the aircraft back to base.

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in January 1917 after his 16th confirmed kill, the highest military honour in Germany at the time and informally known as "The Blue Max". That same month, he assumed command of

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with his observer's machine gun in a tense battle over French lines; he was not credited with the kill, since it fell behind Entente lines and therefore could not be confirmed.

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Richthofen quotes this famous piece of insubordination in his autobiography, but hints that he did not actually write it – claiming that "evil tongues" report that he did.

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in January 1917, scoring two victories before suffering an in-flight crack in the spar of the aircraft's lower wing on 24 January, and he reverted to the Albatros D.II or

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credited Brown with shooting down the Red Baron, but it is now generally agreed by historians, doctors, and ballistics experts that Richthofen was actually killed by an

521:, Poland). He enjoyed riding horses and hunting. He also was fond of gymnastics; he excelled at parallel bars and won a number of awards at school. He and his brothers, 3988: 2203:

Among other reasons to protect the graves from vandalism by disgruntled villagers, understandably resentful of former enemies being buried among their own relatives.

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Possibly Lt. Jean Lamasse and Lt. Victor Saulnier d'Anchald, who were shot down near Montfaucon-d´Argonne, north of Verdun, on the 12th of September 1915 (Both KIA}

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Sensational accounts have been systematically discredited by several writers, even though they describe the attack in great detail and are allegedly given by Brown.

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Other sources have suggested that Gunner Robert Buie (also of the 53rd Battery) may have fired the fatal shot. There is little support for this theory. In 2007,

3993: 1890: 834:, which ultimately included some of the elite German pilots, many of whom he trained himself, and several of whom later became leaders of their own squadrons. 4008: 165: 3120: 1437:

held a further grandiose memorial ceremony at the site of the grave, erecting a massive new tombstone engraved with the single word: Richthofen. During the

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Udet. When Lothar joined, the German high command appreciated the propaganda value of two Richthofens fighting together to defeat the enemy in the air.

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patients, and such an injury could account for his perceived lack of judgment on his final flight: flying too low over enemy territory and suffering

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to any Entente pilot who shot him down. Passages from his correspondence indicate he may have at least half-believed some of these stories himself.

4013: 4018: 1973: 1284:, a municipal authority in Sydney, Australia, recognised Buie as the man who shot down Richthofen, placing a plaque near his former home in 1107: 1397:

Entente squadrons stationed nearby presented memorial wreaths, one of which was inscribed with the words, "To Our Gallant and Worthy Foe".

3948: 1509: 1499: 3973: 1425:, who had been killed in a post-war air crash in 1922. The German Government requested that the body should instead be interred at the 1363:

officers were pallbearers and other ranks from the squadron acted as a guard of honour during the Red Baron's funeral on 22 April 1918.

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After being educated at home, he attended a school at Schweidnitz for a year before beginning cadet training at the Wahlstatt (now

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during his last combat was clearly unsound in several respects. Several theories have been proposed to account for his behaviour.

3963: 1590: 1337:, went missing on 11 September 1917, probably while attacking a two-seater without realizing several Fokkers were escorting it. 2977: 1791: 1429:

in Berlin, where many German military heroes and past leaders were buried, and the family agreed. Richthofen's body received a

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Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918

3322: 3284: 2273: 810: 3821: 475:. That was variously translated as "The Red Battle Flyer" or "The Red Fighter Pilot" and was the name used as the title of 717:" to assure success for both the squadron and its pilots. He was not a spectacular or aerobatic pilot like his brother or 3673:"Unsung No.1 with a bullet – World War I ace Manfred von Richthofen seems to have met his match in an Australian gunner." 2165: 2001: 1984:

Captain Roy Brown donated the seat of the Fokker triplane in which the German flying ace made his final flight to the

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Over the Front: A Complete Record of Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918

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awarded to some earlier pilots on their first victories, although the practice had been discontinued by this time.

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Burrows has suggested that he was simply bored with the procedure and that this was an excuse to discontinue it.

1371:, who was responsible for Richthofen's body, regarded the Red Baron with great respect, and he organised a full 3871: 3532: 1728: 1594: 1344:

At the time of Richthofen's death, the front was in a highly fluid state, following the initial success of the

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Richthofen scored his first confirmed victory when he engaged Second Lieutenant Lionel Morris and his observer

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Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915–1920

2923: 554:("1st Emperor Alexander III of Russia Uhlan Regiment (1st West Prussian)") and was assigned to the regiment's 2510: 1678: 1368: 882: 3297: 3140: 2168:

later claimed that Richthofen was still alive and tried to say something, with the last or only word being

1414: 1329:, which made him fail to observe some of his usual precautions. One of the leading British air aces, Major 1300:

In 1999, a German medical researcher, Henning Allmers, published an article in the British medical journal

950: 864:. The German high command permitted this practice (in spite of obvious drawbacks from the point of view of 756: 407:, Richthofen transferred to the Air Service in 1915, becoming one of the first members of fighter squadron 3664:

Allmers, Dr. Henning. "Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen's Medical Record: Was the "Red Baron" fit to fly?"

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series. Popkin was an AA machine gunner with the Australian 24th Machine Gun Company, and he was using a

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Richthofen's early victories and the establishment of his reputation coincided with a period of German

1528:, achieved 75 confirmed victories and a further 52 unconfirmed behind enemy lines. The highest-scoring 1426: 1311: 1270: 471:), both inside and outside Germany. During his lifetime, he was more frequently described in German as 31: 3808: 2004:

has what is suspected to be the fuel tank of Richthofen's Dr.I, however there is no conclusive proof.

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Although Richthofen was now performing the duties of a lieutenant colonel (a wing commander in modern

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VC, described by Richthofen as "the British Boelcke". The victory came while Richthofen was flying an

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was the nearest Entente air unit and assumed responsibility for the Baron's remains. His Fokker Dr.I

767:, who was credited with a victory from this fight. Richthofen was able to make a forced landing near 699: 17: 3799: 1944:", the US Air Force's large scale training exercise held multiple times a year, was an outgrowth of 3881: 3803: 1482: 1450: 413:

in 1916. He quickly distinguished himself as a fighter pilot, and during 1917 became the leader of

368: 296: 150: 713:(40 victories) used risky, aggressive tactics, but Manfred observed a set of maxims known as the " 1997: 1583: 1345: 1212: 1175: 855: 3795:

Historic footage of Manfred von Richthofen posing and conversing with fellow pilots, circa 1917.

2620: 1555:, but he achieved many of his successes later on against a numerically superior enemy, who flew 1525: 3953: 1925: 1715: 1326: 1315: 1089: 921: 603:

From June to August 1915, Richthofen served as an observer on reconnaissance missions over the

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Stars and Strips Forever: "Von Richthofen's mother, actress Fern Andra meet"; 14 November 1954

1901:("federal defence force"); its founding commander was the most successful air ace in history, 1190: 1037:

Richthofen received a fatal wound just after 11:00 am on 21 April 1918 while flying over

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in London, where it is still on display. The museum also holds the Baron's machine guns. The

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Richthofen's former grave at Fricourt, later Sebastian Paustian, section 4, row 7, grave 1177

1422: 1281: 982: 865: 710: 627: 609: 522: 476: 139: 2978:"Synonym für gestorben – Synonyme | Antonyme (Gegenteile) – Fremdwörter von gestorben." 1941: 1208: 597: 3943: 3938: 3154: 2094: 2021: 1945: 1277:

documentary dismiss this theory because of the angle from which Evans fired at Richthofen.

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Under the Guns of the Red Baron: Complete Record of Von Richthofen's Victories and Victims

1895:(from 6 June 1959)—the first jet-fighter unit established by the post-World War II German 533: 8: 1989: 1360: 1255: 1171: 954: 889:, Commanding General of the Air Service (right) at Imperial Headquarters in Bad Kreuznach 760: 615: 3856: 3372:

Hunting With Richthofen: Sixteen Months of Battle with J G Freiherr Von Richthofen No. 1

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In common with most Entente air officers, No. 3 Squadron AFC's commanding officer Major

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On 23 November 1916, Richthofen shot down his most famous adversary, British ace Major

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The Red Knight of Germany: The Story of Baron von Richthofen, German's Great War Bird

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played a part in his death. This was supported by a 2004 paper by researchers at the

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When he was four years old, Manfred moved with his family to nearby Schweidnitz (now

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The Dream of Civilized Warfare: World War I Flying Aces and the American Imagination

3083:"Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen's medical record – Was the "Red Baron" fit to fly?" 2888: 1702: 1099:

It was almost certainly during this final stage in his pursuit of May that a single

827: 768: 499: 322: 110: 61: 3917: 3752: 3743: 3367: 2960: 2251: 1996:(joystick) of Richthofen's aircraft and his woolen flying boots can be seen at the 1879: 1556: 1391: 1372: 1334: 974: 749: 511: 351: 300: 650:

John Simpson, quoting Richthofen's own description of his first flying experience.

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Ulanen-Regiment Kaiser Alexander der III. von Russland (1. Westpreußisches) Nr. 1

532:, Poland) military school when he was 11. After completing cadet training at the 3730: 3702:

Sabretache: Journal and Proceedings of the Military History Society of Australia

3101: 3022:"Polish historian finds death certificate of WWI German flying ace 'Red Baron'." 2892:

Sabretache: Journal and Proceedings of the Military History Society of Australia

3843: 3676: 3039: 2138: 1993: 1902: 1807: 1545: 1529: 1445:, and the tombstone became damaged by bullets fired at attempted escapees from 1330: 1288:. Buie died in 1964 and has never been officially recognised in any other way. 1136: 1012: 991: 745: 685: 673: 657: 583: 571: 529: 429: 414: 397: 266: 1844:(literally "squadrons"; equivalent to Commonwealth air force "groups", French 980:

During his convalescent leave, Richthofen completed an autobiographic sketch,

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Australian soldiers and airmen examine the remnants of Richthofen's triplane.

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in a field on a hill near the Bray-Corbie road, just north of the village of

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Richthofen sustained a serious head wound on 6 July 1917, during combat near

839: 737: 714: 503: 409: 381: 223: 208: 180: 167: 118: 2026:. Translated by Barker, T. Ellis. preface and notes by C. G Grey, editor of 1088:, Royal Air Force. May had just fired on the Red Baron's cousin, Lieutenant 1911: 1817: 1537: 1533: 1446: 1434: 1100: 898: 799: 779: 773: 764: 733: 631: 623: 492: 3800:

Silent historical film of the 1918 funeral of Captain Baron von Richthofen

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Officers and NCOs of the 24th Machine Gun Company in March 1918. Sergeant

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Manfred von Richthofen had a chance meeting with German ace fighter pilot

622:, a coastal city in Belgium. There he flew with a friend and fellow pilot 3789: 3141:"Burnley Roll of Honour Reverend/Chaplain George Herbert Marshall DSO MC" 3082: 1963: 1755: 1630: 1510:

A full list of the aircraft the Red Baron was credited with shooting down

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continue to surround who actually fired the shot that killed Richthofen.

1042: 1038: 917: 788: 718: 389: 291: 253: 135: 54: 1649: 1196: 518: 2289: 1897: 1840: 1686: 1597: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1449:. In 1975, the body was moved to a Richthofen family grave plot at the 1387: 1379: 1314:. Richthofen's behaviour after his injury was noted as consistent with 1302: 1202: 868:), and German propaganda made much of it by referring to Richthofen as 835: 741: 404: 393: 337: 3772: 3006: 990:, 1917). Written on the instructions of the "Press and Intelligence" ( 897:

Richthofen led his new unit to unparallelled success, peaking during "

507: 2788:"'The Red Fighter Pilot' by Manfred von Richthofen (online edition)". 1873: 1859: 1644: 1486: 1454: 1356: 1246: 155: 3639:

Translated by Peter Kilduff. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1969.

3624:. St Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers, 2007 (reprint). 3497:(Aircraft of the Aces #88). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing Co, 2009. 3012:, German-English dictionary, 22 April 2009. Retrieved: 13 June 2009. 1773: 1572: 487: 3761: 3757: 1633: 1438: 1418: 791: 681: 582:, seeing action in Russia, France, and Belgium; with the advent of 447: 1769: 1081: 916:

terms), he was never promoted past the relatively junior rank of

703: 547: 159: 66: 3699:"The Death of Manfred von Richthofen: Who fired the fatal shot?" 2889:"The Death of Manfred von Richthofen: Who fired the fatal shot?" 961:

theory (see below) linking this injury with his eventual death.

755:

Richthofen was flying his Halberstadt on 6 March in combat with

30:"Red Baron" and "Richthofen" redirect here. For other uses, see 3571:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2005. 1765: 1562: 1524:

For comparison, the highest-scoring Entente ace, the Frenchman

1508:

In fact, Richthofen's victories are unusually well documented.

1386:, on 22 April 1918. Six of No. 3 Squadron's officers served as 1383: 1033:– the red eagle falling – symbolizes the fall of the Red Baron. 946: 938: 724: 677: 619: 3088:, 354 (9177), 7 August 1999, pp. 502–504. Published online by 822:, including his brother Lothar (sitting, front), 23 April 1917 2787: 1838:

At various times, several different German military aviation

1076:. At the time, he had been pursuing, at very low altitude, a 590:(Imperial German Army Air Service), later to be known as the 544: 456: 1625: 618:"). In August 1915, he was transferred to a flying unit in 3680:

News Corporation, 30 April 2007. Retrieved: 30 April 2007.

3068: 3066: 2632:

Richthofen, The Red Knight of the Air, (n.d.) pp. 164–165.

2190:

The official caption of the photograph on the right reads

1689:, 1st Class (10 April 1916), 2nd Class (23 September 1914) 3222: 3220: 1692:

Duke Carl Eduard Medal with Sword Clasp (9 November 1916)

1536:, who was officially credited with 72 victories, British 1219: 3354:

Manfred von Richthofen: The Man and the Aircraft He Flew

3277:

These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame

3155:"A Gallant and Worthy Foe: The Death of the "Red Baron"" 2505: 2503: 1672: 1273:

is likely to have killed von Richthofen. Miller and the

1265:

documentary suggests that Gunner W. J. "Snowy" Evans, a

372:; 2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), known in English as 3555:

Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee und des XIII.

3063: 2936:"Who Killed the Red Baron? Explore Competing Theories." 933: 570:

When World War I began, Richthofen served as a cavalry

3217: 3210: 3208: 2020:

Richthofen, Captain Manfred Freiherr von (July 1918).

1734:

Knight's Cross of the Württemberg Military Merit Order

1378:

The body was buried in the cemetery at the village of

998:(Air Force), it shows evidence of having been heavily 437:. Richthofen never married and had no known children. 69:'s highest military order, in this official portrait, 3889: 3622:

Red Fighter Pilot: The Autobiography of the Red Baron

3542:

Stratford, Connecticut: Flying Machines Press, 1999.

3404:. Chicago, Illinois: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003. 3102:"Georges Guynemer: Beloved French Ace, 53 victories." 2500: 1269:

with the 53rd Battery, 14th Field Artillery Brigade,

1197:

Debate over who fired the shot that killed Richthofen

763:

when his aircraft was shot through the fuel tank, by

428:

Richthofen was shot down and killed over France near

3553:

Preußen, Kriegsministerium, Geheime Kriegs-Kanzlei.

1829:

Military Order for Bravery, 4th Class (12 June 1917)

937:

Richthofen's Albatros D.V after forced landing near

3685:

The Red Baron's Last Flight: A Mystery Investigated

3582:Shores, Christopher; Norman Franks; Russell Guest. 3205: 3118:"Georges Guynemer: France's World War I Ace Pilot." 1413:In the early 1920s, the French authorities created 525:and Bolko, hunted wild boar, elk, birds, and deer. 1848:or USAF "wings") have been named after the Baron: 1648:Memorial in Polish at Richthofen's former home in 1306:, suggesting it was likely that brain damage from 3999:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) 3687:. London: Grub Street, 2007, First edition 1997. 3460:. London: Grub Street, 2007, First edition 1995. 3402:The Air Up There: More Great Quotations on Flight 2626: 2533: 2531: 435:the subject of many books, films, and other media 3989:Recipients of the Military Merit Order (Bavaria) 3925: 3814:Newspaper clippings about Manfred von Richthofen 3809:Footage of the reburial of The Red Baron in 1925 3475:. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1927. 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2658: 2656: 2641:Der rote Kampfflieger, open.cit., (n.d.) p. 120. 2467: 2465: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2356: 2354: 2352: 1718:, 3rd Class with Crown and Swords (2 April 1918) 838:belonged to Richthofen's group and later became 3979:Military personnel from the Province of Silesia 3959:German military personnel killed in World War I 3557:Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn, 1914. 2897: 2453: 2419: 2399: 1308:the head wound Richthofen suffered in July 1917 885:, German Air Service Chief of Staff (left) and 3456:Franks, Norman, Hal Giblin and Nigel McCrery. 3235:Ordre de la IVe Armée, n°1599, 23 January 1919 2528: 1559:that were, on the whole, better than his own. 672:("No. 2 Bomber Squadron") flying a two-seater 588:Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches 396:of the war, being officially credited with 80 3994:Recipients of the Order of Bravery, 4th class 3609:. Norderstedt, Germany: BOD, 2008 (reprint). 3356:. McGregor, Minnesota: Voyageur Press, 1991. 2857: 2832: 2786:Johnson, Karl (Contributing Editor for WTJ). 2717: 2683: 2653: 2635: 2540: 2462: 2428: 2349: 1291: 1163:Australian airmen with Richthofen's triplane 798:Richthofen championed the development of the 3179:"Biography: Lothar Freiherr von Richthofen." 1563:Orders and decorations, tributes, and relics 1390:, and a guard of honour from the squadron's 869: 859: 536: 3387:Richthofen: A True History of the Red Baron 3323:"Toronto Feature: Royal Military Institute" 3040:"Richthofen - World War I Document Archive" 2955: 2953: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2483:"This Day in Aviation – September 17, 1916" 2268:Norderstedt, Germany: BOD, 2008 (reprint). 1500:List of victories of Manfred von Richthofen 1237:is second from the right in the middle row. 4009:Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Lübeck) 4004:Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Bremen) 2221: 2219: 2019: 1935:International Air & Space Hall of Fame 1779: 1683:Honour Goblet for the Winner in Air Combat 1241:Many sources have suggested that Sergeant 1182:was soon taken apart by souvenir hunters. 510:, Poland), on 2 May 1892 into a prominent 53: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2674: 2644: 2444: 2036:: Robert M. McBride & Co – via 1933:In 1968 Richthofen was inducted into the 1664: 1613:Learn how and when to remove this message 3740:Works by or about Manfred von Richthofen 3731:Works by Freiherr von Manfred Richthofen 3646:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1976. 3056:Day, Mark. "Unsung No.1 with a bullet." 2950: 2906: 2741:Guttman & Dempsey (2009), pp. 88–89. 2558: 2160:Gunner Ernest W. Twycross, and Sergeant 2137:The air victory was credited to Captain 1746:Cross of War of Honour for a Heroic Deed 1655: 1643: 1624: 1540:, with 61 confirmed victories, Canadian 1399: 1355: 1325:Richthofen may have been suffering from 1228: 1207: 1158: 1145: 1022: 968: 932: 876: 814:Richthofen in the cockpit of his famous 809: 778: 723: 486: 361:Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen 3244:"Distinguished Flying Cross Citation", 3029:(New York). Retrieved: 8 December 2009. 2983:, 17 May 2009. Retrieved: 13 June 2009. 2925:Dogfight – The Mystery of the Red Baron 2216: 1167:after it was looted by souvenir hunters 818:("Red Aircraft") with other members of 680:on 26 April 1916 and fired on a French 419:. Later he led the larger fighter wing 14: 4014:Recipients of the Silver Imtiyaz Medal 3926: 3480:German Aircraft of the First World War 3075: 2866: 2615:, Volume 38, No. 1, April 2003, p. 9. 2480: 2474: 1823: 1493: 1307: 4019:Recipients of the Silver Liakat Medal 2594: 1792:Austro-Hungarian Military Merit Cross 1673:German Empire / German Federal States 1443:boundary of the Soviet zone in Berlin 1409:The funeral of Manfred von Richthofen 941:. This machine is not an all-red one. 440: 367: 27:German WWI flying ace AKA "Red Baron" 3711:. New York: Ballantine Books, 1970. 3562:von Richthofen and the Flying Circus 3441:Franks, Norman and Frank W. Bailey. 3418:; Bailey, Frank W.; Guest, Russell. 2934:, 22 December 2003. US broadcast as 1595:adding citations to reliable sources 1566: 1346:German offensive of March–April 1918 928: 565: 3564:. Letchworth, UK: Harleyford, 1958. 3389:. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1970. 2780: 2481:Swopes, Bryan (17 September 2013). 2097:the archaeologist, a distant cousin 2002:Australian National Aviation Museum 1441:, the Invalidenfriedhof was on the 24: 3949:Aviators killed by being shot down 2516:Deutscher Verlag (Ullstein), 1933. 2007: 1948:, which happened in three phases ( 1660:Engine of Richthofen's Fokker DR.I 1517:with two colleagues, published in 964: 637: 25: 4040: 3724: 3683:Franks, Norman and Alan Bennett. 3482:. London: Putnam, 2nd ed., 1970. 1986:Royal Canadian Military Institute 1857:(1 April 1936 – 1 November 1938)— 1801: 1764:of the Three Hanseatic Cities of 1725:, 1st Class with Crown and Swords 949:, Belgium against a formation of 665:. The next month, Manfred joined 369:[ˈmanfreːtfɔnˈʁɪçthoːfn̩] 3911: 3899: 3872:Jagdgeschwader I (German Empire) 3765: 3510:The Red Baron: Beyond the Legend 3279:. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. 2996:– via The Free Dictionary. 2941:, (Public Broadcasting Service) 2829:Franks and Bennett 1997, p. 126. 2582:Grey and Thetford, 1970, p. 100. 2052:The Red Baron in popular culture 1794:, 3rd Class with War Decorations 1743:Lippe War Merit Cross, 2nd Class 1571: 1474: 1462: 805: 783:Richthofen's all-red Fokker Dr.I 740:and Hawker was flying the older 350: 201: 3974:Military personnel from Wrocław 3758:Works by Manfred von Richthofen 3527:. London: Octopus Books, 1982. 3478:Grey, Peter and Owen Thetford. 3345: 3315: 3290: 3269: 3266:Shores et al. 1990, pp. 115–116 3260: 3257:Franks et al 1993, pp. 255–256. 3251: 3238: 3229: 3196: 3187: 3172: 3147: 3133: 3110: 3095: 3092:. Retrieved: 23 September 2007. 3050: 3032: 3015: 3000: 2986: 2971: 2848: 2823: 2814: 2805: 2796: 2771: 2762: 2753: 2744: 2735: 2726: 2692: 2665: 2603: 2585: 2576: 2567: 2549: 2519: 2509:von Richthofen, Manfred et al. 2408: 2390: 2381: 2372: 2363: 2346:Von Richthofen 2007, pp. 49–51. 2340: 2331: 2322: 2197: 2184: 2175: 2154: 2144: 2131: 2122: 2109: 2100: 2057:List of World War I flying aces 1871:(1 November 1938 – 1 May 1939)— 1868:Jagdgeschwader 131 "Richthofen" 1854:Jagdgeschwader 132 "Richthofen" 1582:needs additional citations for 1548:, with 57 confirmed victories. 1519:Under the Guns of the Red Baron 1481:Richthofen family grave at the 787:Richthofen flew the celebrated 539:Preußische Hauptkadettenanstalt 477:Richthofen's 1917 autobiography 85:Manfred Albrecht von Richthofen 3964:German World War I flying aces 3302:San Diego Air and Space Museum 3202:Franks and Bennett 1997, p. 9. 2313: 2304: 2295: 2288:Kuningunde von Richthofen and 2279: 2244: 2228: 2087: 2074: 1892:Jagdgeschwader 71 "Richthofen" 1729:Military Merit Order (Bavaria) 1699:with Swords (11 November 1916) 1201:Controversy and contradictory 1139:, in a sector defended by the 858:became general throughout the 13: 1: 3445:. London: Grub Street, 1992. 3374:. London: Grub Street, 1998. 3275:Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. 2062: 1956: 1949: 1881:Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" 1679:Prussian Military Pilot Badge 1532:fighter pilots were Canadian 1189:was found in the archives in 482: 3668:1999, 354: pp. 502–504. 3214:Robertson 1958, pp. 150–155. 2700:"Germany's 'Red Baron' dies" 2210: 1695:Knight's Cross of the Royal 7: 3818:20th Century Press Archives 3764:(public domain audiobooks) 3749:Works by or about Red Baron 2854:Franks & Bennett (1997) 2459:McAllister 1982, pp. 54–55. 2425:McAllister 1982, pp. 52–53. 2405:McAllister 1982, pp. 53–54. 2396:Von Richthofen 1969, p. 37. 2387:Von Richthofen 1969, p. 31. 2378:Von Richthofen 2007, p. 51. 2369:Von Richthofen 1969, p. 24. 2045: 1962:) during the period of the 1833: 1710:Military Order of St. Henry 1697:House Order of Hohenzollern 1080:piloted by Canadian novice 451:(literally "Free Lord"), a 333:House Order of Hohenzollern 36:Richthofen (disambiguation) 10: 4045: 3969:Luftstreitkräfte personnel 3709:The Day the Red Baron Died 3495:Pusher Aces of World War 1 3184:. Retrieved: 13 June 2009. 2894:, vol. XXXIX, no. 2, 1998. 2768:Burrows 1970, pp. 162–163. 2759:Burrows 1970, pp. 160–163. 2292:Retrieved 17 November 2016 2011: 1884:(1 May 1939 – 7 May 1945)— 1740:Cross for Faithful Service 1723:Saxe-Ernestine House Order 1497: 1427:Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery 1292:Theories about last combat 1271:Royal Australian Artillery 874:—"the Red Fighter Pilot". 32:Red Baron (disambiguation) 29: 3878: 3868: 3863: 3853: 3840: 3834: 3829: 3777:by Manfred von Richthofen 3635:Von Richthofen, Manfred. 3620:Von Richthofen, Manfred. 3605:Von Richthofen, Manfred. 3512:. London: Cassell, 1994. 3328:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3130:. Retrieved: 2 July 2009. 3107:. Retrieved: 2 July 2009. 2793:. Retrieved: 27 May 2007. 2250:Richthofen, Manfred von. 2241:. Retrieved 16 July 2010. 2080:For example, his brother 1979: 1970:Red Baron Airport Airpark 1909:In 1941 a newly launched 1750:Brunswick War Merit Cross 1669:In order of date awarded 1351: 1141:Australian Imperial Force 881:Richthofen (centre) with 752:for the next five weeks. 506:(now part of the city of 346: 315: 284: 259: 249: 241: 214: 196: 145: 124: 97: 89: 81: 52: 45: 3804:Australian Screen Online 3786:at The War Times Journal 3523:McAllister, Hayden, ed. 3298:"Manfred von Richthofen" 2963:: Death of the Red Baron 2319:Burrows 1970, pp. 37–38. 2166:Australian Medical Corps 2093:Not to be confused with 2067: 1629:Replica of Richthofen's 1327:cumulative combat stress 1123:49.9321076°N 2.5376701°E 1064:49.9335000°N 2.5454750°E 1018: 955:No. 20 Squadron RFC 951:F.E.2d two-seat fighters 826:Richthofen received the 684:, shooting it down over 181:50.0602611°N 8.2658111°E 3984:Prussian Army personnel 3560:Robertson, Bruce (ed.) 3072:Franks and Bennett 1997 2903:Robertson 1958, p. 118. 2863:McAllister 1982, p. 64. 2845:McAllister 1982, p. 63. 2777:Richthofen 2008, p. 177 2732:Guttman, 2009 pp. 86–88 2723:McAllister 1982, p. 60. 2689:McAllister 1982, p. 61. 2662:McAllister 1982, p. 59. 2573:Guttman 2009, pp. 64–65 2546:McAllister 1982, p. 57. 2471:McAllister 1982, p. 56. 2441:McAllister 1982, p. 54. 2360:McAllister 1982, p. 52. 2264:4 December 2012 at the 2239:Encyclopædia Britannica 1998:Australian War Memorial 1786:Order of the Iron Crown 1780:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1544:, with 60, and British 1176:Australian Flying Corps 498:Richthofen was born in 392:. He is considered the 3934:Manfred von Richthofen 3870:Commanding Officer of 3842:Commanding Officer of 3782:8 January 2007 at the 3226:Franks and Bailey 1992 3159:www.thursdayreview.com 3081:Allmers, Dr. Henning. 2887:Miller, Dr. Geoffrey. 2487:The Red Baron Archives 2115:Similar cups had been 1721:Knight's Cross of the 1716:Order of the Red Eagle 1708:Knight's Cross of the 1665:Orders and decorations 1661: 1653: 1652:(formerly Schweidnitz) 1641: 1410: 1364: 1238: 1215: 1185:In 2009, Richthofen's 1168: 1156: 1090:Wolfram von Richthofen 1082:Wilfrid Reid "Wop" May 1034: 977: 942: 890: 870: 860: 856:decoration of fighters 823: 784: 729: 646: 543:in 1909, he joined an 537: 495: 328:Order of the Red Eagle 47:Manfred von Richthofen 3775:The Red Fighter Pilot 3586:. Grub Street, 1990. 3422:. Grub Street, 1993. 3193:Burrows 1970, p. 196. 3007:"Definition: Kaputt." 2820:Burrows 1970, p. 131. 2811:Burrows 1970, p. 163. 2802:Burrows 1970, p. 152. 2791:The War Times Journal 2750:Burrows 1970, p. 154. 2537:Burrows 1970, p. 103. 2512:Der rote Kampfflieger 2337:Preußen 1914, p. 400. 2014:The Red Fighter Pilot 1737:Hessian Bravery Medal 1731:4th Class with Swords 1659: 1647: 1628: 1423:Lothar von Richthofen 1408: 1359: 1331:Edward "Mick" Mannock 1282:Hornsby Shire Council 1232: 1211: 1162: 1154: 1128:49.9321076; 2.5376701 1069:49.9335000; 2.5454750 1026: 983:Der rote Kampfflieger 972: 936: 903:Jagdgeschwader 1 880: 871:Der Rote Kampfflieger 813: 782: 728:Major Lanoe Hawker VC 727: 642: 610:Feldflieger Abteilung 512:Prussian aristocratic 490: 473:Der Rote Kampfflieger 455:often translated as " 242:Years of service 186:50.0602611; 8.2658111 59:Richthofen wears the 3704:, Vol. XXXIX, No. 2. 3567:Robertson, Linda R. 3385:Burrows, William E. 2650:Kilduff 1994, p. 73. 2591:Guttman 2009, p. 63. 2525:English 2003, p. 62. 2450:Kilduff 1994, p. 41. 2310:Burrows 1970, p. 36. 2095:Bolko von Richthofen 2023:The Red Battle Flyer 1976:is named after him. 1813:Silver Imtiyaz Medal 1591:improve this article 1267:Lewis machine gunner 1005:The Red Battle Flyer 988:The Red Battle Flyer 574:officer on both the 374:Baron von Richthofen 3123:1 July 2010 at the 2555:Guttman 2009, p. 64 2328:Wright 1976, p. 30. 2301:Wright 1976, p. 31. 1990:Imperial War Museum 1824:Kingdom of Bulgaria 1818:Silver Liakat Medal 1494:Number of victories 1415:a military cemetery 1312:University of Texas 1191:Ostrów Wielkopolski 1119: / 1060: / 630:aircraft aboard an 177: / 4029:Shot-down aviators 3697:Miller, Geoffrey. 3538:O'Connor, Neal W. 1919:received the name 1758:, 3rd Class (1918) 1662: 1654: 1642: 1411: 1365: 1361:No. 3 Squadron AFC 1239: 1216: 1169: 1157: 1094:Arthur "Roy" Brown 1035: 978: 943: 891: 887:Ernst von Hoeppner 824: 785: 730: 702:in the skies over 496: 491:Richthofen family 441:Name and nicknames 65:, the "Blue Max", 4024:Richthofen family 3888: 3887: 3879:Succeeded by 3854:Succeeded by 3830:Military offices 3773:Complete text of 3735:Project Gutenberg 3642:Wright, Nicolas. 3630:978-0-9791813-3-7 3615:978-3-8370-9217-2 3600:978-0-948817-19-9 3577:978-0-8166-4271-7 3503:978-1-84603-417-6 3451:978-0-948817-54-0 3436:978-0-948817-73-1 3368:Bodenschatz, Karl 3285:978-1-57864-397-4 2967:Discovery Channel 2947:, 7 October 2003. 2274:978-3-8370-9217-2 2038:Project Gutenberg 2000:in Canberra. The 1946:Project Red Baron 1797:Field Pilot Badge 1762:Hanseatic Crosses 1705:(12 January 1917) 1623: 1622: 1615: 1542:Raymond Collishaw 1406: 1263:Discovery Channel 1187:death certificate 1152: 994:) section of the 929:Wounded in combat 849:Other members of 651: 566:Early war service 534:Groß-Lichterfelde 453:title of nobility 445:Richthofen was a 358: 357: 297:Battle of the Lys 16:(Redirected from 4036: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3895: 3882:Wilhelm Reinhard 3857:Karl Allmenröder 3835:Preceded by 3827: 3826: 3769: 3768: 3753:Internet Archive 3744:Internet Archive 3659:Concerning death 3471:Gibbons, Floyd, 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3294: 3288: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3249: 3248:, 3 August 1918. 3242: 3236: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3215: 3212: 3203: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3185: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3137: 3131: 3114: 3108: 3099: 3093: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3061: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3036: 3030: 3019: 3013: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2990: 2984: 2975: 2969: 2961:Unsolved History 2957: 2948: 2921: 2904: 2901: 2895: 2885: 2864: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2818: 2812: 2809: 2803: 2800: 2794: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2733: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2671:Bodenschatz 1998 2669: 2663: 2660: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2613:American History 2607: 2601: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2574: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2556: 2553: 2547: 2544: 2538: 2535: 2526: 2523: 2517: 2507: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2478: 2472: 2469: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2299: 2293: 2283: 2277: 2248: 2242: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2204: 2201: 2195: 2188: 2182: 2179: 2173: 2158: 2152: 2148: 2142: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2120: 2113: 2107: 2104: 2098: 2091: 2085: 2078: 2041: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1929: 1618: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1598: 1575: 1567: 1557:fighter aircraft 1478: 1466: 1407: 1394:fired a salute. 1373:military funeral 1335:Georges Guynemer 1213:Arthur Roy Brown 1153: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1086:No. 209 Squadron 1075: 1074: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1053: 996:Luftstreitkräfte 975:Nicola Perscheid 920:, equivalent to 873: 863: 861:Luftstreitkräfte 750:Halberstadt D.II 652: 649: 614:("No. 69 Flying 593:Luftstreitkräfte 542: 502:, near Breslau, 470: 469: 468: 466: 465:"der Rote Baron" 422:Jagdgeschwader I 386:German Air Force 371: 366: 354: 305: 275:Jagdgeschwader I 231:Luftstreitkräfte 216: 207: 205: 204: 192: 191: 189: 188: 187: 182: 178: 175: 174: 173: 170: 131: 107: 105: 75: 57: 43: 42: 21: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4033: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3890: 3884: 3875: 3859: 3850: 3847:(German Empire) 3838: 3784:Wayback Machine 3766: 3727: 3722: 3508:Kilduff, Peter. 3400:English, Dave. 3348: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3218: 3213: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3182:Frontflieger.de 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3125:Wayback Machine 3115: 3111: 3100: 3096: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3064: 3060:, 7 April 2007. 3055: 3051: 3044:wwi.lib.byu.edu 3038: 3037: 3033: 3020: 3016: 3005: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2976: 2972: 2958: 2951: 2922: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2886: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2708: 2706: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2680:Kilduff, p. 77. 2679: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2610:"The Blue Max." 2608: 2604: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2564:Kilduff, p. 79. 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2508: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2284: 2280: 2266:Wayback Machine 2249: 2245: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2159: 2155: 2149: 2145: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2092: 2088: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2048: 2016: 2010: 2008:Published works 1982: 1959: 1952: 1923: 1917:seaplane tender 1836: 1826: 1804: 1782: 1712:(16 April 1917) 1675: 1667: 1638:Berlin Air Show 1619: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1588: 1576: 1565: 1553:air superiority 1502: 1496: 1489: 1479: 1470: 1467: 1400: 1354: 1320:target fixation 1294: 1199: 1146: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1041:Ridge near the 1021: 967: 965:Author and hero 931: 914:Royal Air Force 883:Hermann Thomsen 808: 776:in late June. 761:40 Squadron RFC 668:Kampfgeschwader 654: 648: 640: 638:Piloting career 568: 485: 464: 461: 460: 443: 364: 342: 311: 301: 292:First World War 280: 237: 202: 200: 185: 183: 179: 176: 171: 168: 166: 164: 163: 162: 154: 146:Place of burial 133: 129: 109: 103: 101: 93:"The Red Baron" 77: 73: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4042: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3921: 3920: 3908: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3877: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3852: 3839: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3811: 3806: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3770: 3755: 3746: 3737: 3726: 3725:External links 3723: 3721: 3720: 3707:Titler, Dale. 3705: 3695: 3681: 3677:The Australian 3669: 3656: 3655: 3640: 3637:The Red Baron. 3633: 3618: 3603: 3580: 3565: 3558: 3551: 3536: 3525:Flying Stories 3521: 3506: 3493:Guttman, Jon. 3491: 3476: 3469: 3454: 3439: 3416:Franks, Norman 3413: 3398: 3383: 3365: 3352:Baker, David. 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3314: 3289: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3246:London Gazette 3237: 3228: 3216: 3204: 3195: 3186: 3171: 3146: 3132: 3128:historynet.com 3116:Guttman, Jon. 3109: 3094: 3074: 3062: 3058:The Australian 3049: 3031: 3014: 2999: 2985: 2970: 2949: 2931:Secret History 2905: 2896: 2865: 2856: 2847: 2831: 2822: 2813: 2804: 2795: 2779: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2734: 2725: 2716: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2652: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2602: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2566: 2557: 2548: 2539: 2527: 2518: 2499: 2473: 2461: 2452: 2443: 2427: 2418: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2348: 2339: 2330: 2321: 2312: 2303: 2294: 2278: 2253:Der Rote Baron 2243: 2227: 2225:Kilduff, p. 6. 2214: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2196: 2183: 2174: 2153: 2143: 2139:Donald Cunnell 2130: 2121: 2108: 2099: 2086: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2012:Main article: 2009: 2006: 1994:control column 1981: 1978: 1921:''Richthofen'' 1915:(German navy) 1907: 1906: 1903:Erich Hartmann 1888: 1877: 1864: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1803: 1802:Ottoman Empire 1800: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1789: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1759: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1726: 1719: 1713: 1706: 1703:Pour le Mérite 1700: 1693: 1690: 1684: 1681: 1674: 1671: 1666: 1663: 1621: 1620: 1579: 1577: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1546:James McCudden 1530:British Empire 1498:Main article: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1480: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1461: 1353: 1350: 1293: 1290: 1275:Secret History 1251:Secret History 1198: 1195: 1172:No. 3 Squadron 1137:Vaux-sur-Somme 1020: 1017: 1013:Victoria Cross 966: 963: 930: 927: 828:Pour le Mérite 816:Rotes Flugzeug 807: 804: 746:Albatros D.III 686:Fort Douaumont 674:Albatros C.III 658:Oswald Boelcke 641: 639: 636: 584:trench warfare 580:Western Fronts 572:reconnaissance 567: 564: 530:Legnickie Pole 484: 481: 442: 439: 430:Vaux-sur-Somme 356: 355: 348: 344: 343: 341: 340: 335: 330: 325: 323:Pour le Mérite 319: 317: 313: 312: 310: 309: 308: 307: 288: 286: 282: 281: 279: 278: 271: 263: 261: 257: 256: 251: 247: 246: 243: 239: 238: 236: 235: 227: 220: 218: 212: 211: 198: 194: 193: 151:South Cemetery 149: 147: 143: 142: 132:(aged 25) 126: 122: 121: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 62:Pour le Mérite 58: 50: 49: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4041: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3954:German barons 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3897: 3896: 3893: 3883: 3874: 3873: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3790:Combat record 3788: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3718: 3717:0-345-24923-2 3714: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3694: 3693:1-904943-33-0 3690: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3660: 3653: 3652:0-283-98298-5 3649: 3645: 3644:The Red Baron 3641: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3607:The Red Baron 3604: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3592:0-948817-19-4 3589: 3585: 3581: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3552: 3549: 3548:0-7643-1626-5 3545: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3518:0-304-35207-1 3515: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3488:0-933852-71-1 3485: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3466:1-84067-145-9 3463: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428:0-948817-73-9 3425: 3421: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3410:0-07-141036-8 3407: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3395:0-15-177172-3 3392: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3380:1-898697-97-3 3377: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3362:1-871547-06-7 3359: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3318: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3263: 3254: 3247: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3199: 3190: 3183: 3180: 3175: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3142: 3136: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3106: 3105:acepilots.com 3103: 3098: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3069: 3067: 3059: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3011: 3008: 3003: 2995: 2989: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2968: 2964: 2962: 2956: 2954: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2928:, Channel 4, 2927: 2926: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2900: 2893: 2890: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2826: 2817: 2808: 2799: 2792: 2789: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2756: 2747: 2738: 2729: 2720: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2686: 2677: 2668: 2659: 2657: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2606: 2597: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2552: 2543: 2534: 2532: 2522: 2515: 2513: 2506: 2504: 2488: 2484: 2477: 2468: 2466: 2456: 2447: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2422: 2416: 2411: 2402: 2393: 2384: 2375: 2366: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2343: 2334: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2298: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2257:The Red Baron 2254: 2247: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2222: 2220: 2215: 2200: 2194: 2187: 2178: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2147: 2140: 2134: 2125: 2118: 2112: 2103: 2096: 2090: 2084:also used it. 2083: 2077: 2073: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2029:The Aeroplane 2025: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1965: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1863:aviation unit 1862: 1861: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1828: 1827: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1808:Iron Crescent 1806: 1805: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1670: 1658: 1651: 1646: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1627: 1617: 1614: 1606: 1596: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1580:This section 1578: 1574: 1569: 1568: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1515:Norman Franks 1511: 1506: 1501: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1472: 1465: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1431:state funeral 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1358: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1316:brain-injured 1313: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1298: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243:Cedric Popkin 1236: 1235:Cedric Popkin 1231: 1227: 1225: 1224:anti-aircraft 1221: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1204: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1166: 1161: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1078:Sopwith Camel 1073: 1044: 1040: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1016: 1014: 1008: 1006: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 984: 976: 971: 962: 958: 956: 952: 948: 940: 935: 926: 923: 919: 915: 910: 906: 904: 900: 895: 888: 884: 879: 875: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 843: 841: 840:Generaloberst 837: 833: 829: 821: 817: 812: 806:Flying Circus 803: 801: 796: 793: 790: 781: 777: 775: 770: 769:Hénin-Liétard 766: 762: 758: 753: 751: 747: 743: 739: 738:Albatros D.II 735: 726: 722: 720: 716: 715:Dicta Boelcke 712: 707: 705: 701: 696: 694: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 669: 664: 663:Fliegertruppe 659: 653: 645: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 611: 606: 605:Eastern Front 601: 599: 595: 594: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 563: 561: 557: 553: 549: 546: 541: 540: 535: 531: 526: 524: 520: 515: 513: 509: 505: 504:Lower Silesia 501: 494: 489: 480: 478: 474: 467: 458: 454: 450: 449: 438: 436: 431: 426: 424: 423: 418: 417: 412: 411: 410:Jagdstaffel 2 406: 403:Originally a 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 382:fighter pilot 379: 375: 370: 362: 353: 349: 345: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 320: 318: 314: 306: 304: 298: 295: 294: 293: 290: 289: 287: 283: 277: 276: 272: 270: 269: 265: 264: 262: 258: 255: 252: 248: 244: 240: 233: 232: 228: 225: 224:Prussian Army 222: 221: 219: 213: 210: 209:German Empire 199: 195: 190: 161: 157: 152: 148: 144: 141: 137: 128:21 April 1918 127: 123: 120: 119:German Empire 116: 112: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 72: 68: 64: 63: 56: 51: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 3869: 3865:New creation 3864: 3844: 3841: 3802:provided by 3774: 3708: 3701: 3684: 3675: 3665: 3658: 3657: 3643: 3636: 3621: 3606: 3583: 3568: 3561: 3554: 3539: 3524: 3509: 3494: 3479: 3472: 3457: 3442: 3419: 3401: 3386: 3371: 3353: 3346:Bibliography 3332:. Retrieved 3326: 3317: 3305:. Retrieved 3301: 3292: 3276: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3245: 3240: 3231: 3198: 3189: 3181: 3174: 3162:. Retrieved 3158: 3149: 3135: 3127: 3112: 3104: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3057: 3052: 3043: 3034: 3024: 3017: 3009: 3002: 2988: 2980: 2973: 2959: 2942: 2938: 2929: 2924: 2899: 2891: 2859: 2850: 2825: 2816: 2807: 2798: 2790: 2782: 2773: 2764: 2755: 2746: 2737: 2728: 2719: 2707:. Retrieved 2703: 2694: 2685: 2676: 2667: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2612: 2605: 2596: 2587: 2578: 2569: 2560: 2551: 2542: 2521: 2511: 2490:. 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Later the 1412: 1396: 1377: 1366: 1343: 1339: 1324: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1279: 1274: 1260: 1249: 1240: 1217: 1200: 1184: 1179: 1170: 1164: 1098: 1055:2°32′43.71″E 1052:49°56′0.60″N 1036: 1028:209 Squadron 1009: 1004: 995: 987: 981: 979: 973:Portrait by 959: 944: 911: 907: 899:Bloody April 896: 892: 866:intelligence 850: 848: 844: 831: 825: 819: 815: 800:Fokker D.VII 797: 786: 774:Albatros D.V 765:Edwin Benbow 754: 734:Lanoe Hawker 731: 709:His brother 708: 697: 692: 690: 666: 662: 655: 647: 643: 632:Albatros C.I 624:Georg Zeumer 608: 602: 591: 587: 569: 555: 551: 527: 516: 497: 493:coat of arms 472: 446: 444: 427: 420: 415: 408: 402: 377: 373: 360: 359: 302: 274: 267: 229: 172:8°15′56.92″E 169:50°3′36.94″N 130:(1918-04-21) 60: 40: 3944:1918 deaths 3939:1892 births 3837:Rudolf Lang 3671:Day, Mark. 3334:1 September 3164:14 December 1964:Vietnam War 1960: 1974 1953: 1966 1924: [ 1788:, 3rd Class 1756:Wound Badge 1752:, 2nd Class 1631:Fokker Dr.I 1483:Südfriedhof 1451:Südfriedhof 1435:Third Reich 1392:other ranks 1388:pallbearers 1369:David Blake 1256:Vickers gun 1126: / 1067: / 1043:Somme River 1039:Morlancourt 918:Rittmeister 789:Fokker Dr.I 719:Werner Voss 556:3. 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Manfred von Richthofen

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