New York City Criminal Court

652:

and works with the Administrator of the Criminal Court in order to allocate and assign judicial and nonjudicial personnel resources to meet the needs and goals of those courts. The Criminal Court Administrator is assisted by Supervising Judges who are responsible in the on-site management of the trial courts, including court caseloads, personnel, and budget administration, and each manage a particular type of court within a county or judicial district. The chief clerk assists the administrators in carrying out their responsibilities for supervising the day-to-day operations of the trial courts. The Criminal Court Act made the City responsible for costs for personnel etc. The court is not included in the

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and within 30 days for a violation, subject to excluded periods (ready rule). A defendant must be released on bail or ROR'd if they are in jail after a specified time of pretrial detention (bail review): within 90 days for a felony, within 30 days for an at-least-3-months misdemeanor, within 15 days for a maximum-3-months misdemeanor, and within 5 days for a violation, subject to excluded periods.

960:. Out of more than 11,000 misdemeanor cases pending in 2012 in the Bronx, there were 300 misdemeanor trials. The Bronx criminal courts were responsible for more than half of the cases in New York City's criminal courts that were over two years old, and for two-thirds of the defendants waiting for their trials in jail for more than five years. In 2016, councilman 876:

these are mayorally appointed Criminal Court judges, and the remaining 27 are Civil Court judges (some elected and some mayorally appointed) assigned to Criminal Court; the other approximately 60 mayorally appointed Criminal Court judges have been designated Acting Supreme Court judges to sit in Supreme Court hearing felony cases.

349:(ROR'd) with the least restrictive conditions necessary to reasonably assure the person will come back to court. If the accused is released, the accused must appear in court every time their case is calendared (scheduled for a court hearing), and if they fail to appear the judge may forfeit their bail and issue a 972:

have transferred them to Supreme Court to hear felony cases, said major reasons for the backlogs were a shortage of judges, court officers and courtrooms; a haphazard discovery process that frustrates timely plea deal negotiations; and a speedy trial statute unique to New York that allows the parties

580:

allowing the NYPD to selectively prosecute summons court cases. The summons court is sometimes called the "People's Court" because Criminal Court judges routinely authorize summonses and informations based upon the sworn allegations of private citizens who seek redress for criminal acts against them,

431:

day appearance (the five- to six-day deadline for conversion of a complaint to an information), normally to be scheduled three business days after the appearance. The government must be ready for trial within 6 months for a felony, 90 days for a class A misdemeanor, 60 days for a class B misdemeanor,

982:

has criticized the Criminal Court judges for rarely excusing defendants from having to show up at every court appearance, as allowed by law, instead requiring them "to return to court every several weeks and spend all day waiting for their cases to be called, only to be told that the proceedings are

403:

day if they haven't been indicted, which is to say that unless a grand jury has indicted the defendant and a hearing has commenced within 120 hours/5 days (with an additional 24 hours allowed for weekends and holidays, i.e., 144 hours/6 days), or proof that the indictment was voted within 120 hours,

1037:

Now, the grand juries have more law-and-order types in there. ... People who can afford to live in Brooklyn now don't have the experience of police officers throwing them against cars and searching them. A person who just moves here from Wisconsin or Wyoming, they can't relate to . It doesn't sound

875:

as an Acting Supreme Court Justice with the same jurisdiction as a Supreme Court Justice upon consultation and agreement with the presiding justice of the appropriate Appellate Division. The mayor may appoint 107 Criminal Court judges, but only about 73 to 74 currently work in Criminal Court: 46 of

859:

The Mayor's Advisory Committee is composed of up to nineteen members, all of whom are volunteers and are appointed with the Mayor's approval: the Mayor selects nine members; the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals nominates four members; the Presiding Justices of the Appellate Divisions of

629:

Defendants arraigned on felony or misdemeanor complaints are initially arraigned in the arraignment part of the Criminal Court. The all-purpose or "AP" parts are the motion parts of the Criminal Court. Plea bargain negotiations take place in these courtrooms prior to the case being in a trial-ready

1046:

had argued that most people don't understand how summons court operates, resulting in missed court dates and automatic bench warrants; that the omission of race and ethnicity information on the summons form should be remedied, to provide statistics of summons recipients; that poor access to public

651:

The court is supervised by an Administrator, or Administrative Judge if a judge. The Deputy Chief Administrator for the New York City Courts, or Deputy Chief Administrative Judge if a judge, is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the trial-level courts located in New York City,

633:

Criminal Court has preliminary jurisdiction over felony cases filed in New York City, and retains jurisdiction of the felony cases until a grand jury hears the case and indicts the defendant. Defendants charged with felonies are arraigned in the Criminal Court arraignment parts and cases are then

620:

Criminal Court operates domestic violence or "DV" courts within every county. Domestic violence courts are forums that focus on crimes related to domestic violence and abuse and improving the administration of justice surrounding these types of crimes. The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens

177:

It is a single citywide court. The Deputy Chief Administrative Judge for the New York City Courts is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the NYC trial-level courts, and works with the Administrative Judge of the Criminal Court in order to allocate and assign judicial and

568:

The Summons All Purpose Part (SAP) hears cases brought to court by universal summonses issued by law enforcement personnel. Summons court handles low-level offenses. Defendants may waive their right to a trial before a judge and have the trial held by a judicial hearing officer.

939:

The District Attorney does not staff the summons court (SAP Part), and the summons court proceedings are generally one of a private or court-conducted trial. District attorneys are legally permitted to delegate the prosecution of petty crimes or offenses, and the

952:

The Court of Appeals ruled in 1991 that most people arrested must be released if they are not arraigned within 24 hours. In 2013, for the first time since 2001, the average time it took to arraign defendants fell below 24 hours in all five boroughs.

634:

usually sent to a felony waiver part to await grand jury action. Felony waiver parts are staffed by Criminal Court judges designated as Acting Supreme Court Justices. Felony waiver parts also hear motions, bail applications, and extradition matters.

860:

the Supreme Court for the First and Second Judicial Departments each nominate two members; and deans of the law schools within New York City, on an annual rotating basis, each nominate one member. In addition, the Committee on the Judiciary of the

1086:, replacing the City Magistrates' Courts and the Court of Special Sessions. (The work and personnel of the New York County Court of General Sessions, and the County Court in Bronx, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties, were transferred to the 368:

in court, judges overwhelmingly rely only on cash bail and commercial bail bonds instead of other forms of bail, and courts rarely inquire into the defendant's financial resources to understand what amount of bail might be securable by them.

1014:

concluded that, in Manhattan, black and Latino defendants were more likely to be held in jail before trial and more likely to be offered plea bargains that include a prison sentence than whites and Asians charged with the same crimes.

1029:'s change to a more wealthy, more Caucasian population has had a negative effect for defendants in the criminal cases of Brooklyn, which is largely composed of minorities, and reductions in awards in civil cases. It was called the 438:

negotiations take place in the AP Parts prior to the case being in a trial-ready posture, and depending upon caseloads, the judges in the AP Parts may conduct pre-trial and felony motion hearings. The most common pre-trial

356:

The decision to set bail and the amount of bail to set are discretionary, and the central issue regarding bail is insuring the defendant's future appearances in court; factors to be taken into consideration are defined in

935:

in northern Manhattan. For a comparison of relative activity in 2009, legal aid societies handled 290,251 cases of which 568 went to trial, whereas 18-B lawyers represented 42,212 defendants of which 623 went to trial.

3417: 512:(admissibility of prior uncharged crimes) hearings. Once pretrial hearings are completed, the case is considered ready for trial and will usually be transferred to a courtroom that specializes in handling trials. 1047:

defenders by indigent persons in summons courts raises serious due process concerns; and that the city needs to overhaul its summons system, to handle quality-of-life infractions better and in a timely manner.

1129:-style building at 100 Centre Street in lower Manhattan designed by Wiley Corbett and Charles B. Meyers, and constructed from 1938-41. It was built on the site of the 1894 Criminal Courthouse and the original 537: 389:. If the accused waives their right to a grand jury, the prosecutor will file a Superior Court Information (SCI). If the grand jury votes an indictment, the case will be transferred from Criminal Court to the 2170:

The Midtown Community Court, part of the Criminal Court of the City of New York, arraigns defendants who are arrested in Times Square, Clinton and Chelsea areas of the city and charged with any non-felony

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found that among defendants arrested in New York City in 2008 on nonfelony charges who had bail set at $ 1,000 or less, 87 percent were jailed because they were unable to post the bail amount at their

1056: 1727: 999: 276: 1033:

effect because of that neighborhood's gentrification. Brooklyn defense lawyer Julie Clark said that these new jurors are "much more trusting of police." Another lawyer, Arthur Aidala said:

393:

for another arraignment. This arraignment is similar to the arraignment in Criminal Court, and if the accused does not submit a guilty plea, the case will be adjourned to a calendar part.

3109:"An Act for the Speedy Punishing & Releasing Such persons from Imprisonment as Shall Commit any Criminal Offences in the City and County of New York under the Degree of Grand Larceny" 621:

operates DV Complexes, which include an All-Purpose Part and Trial Parts dedicated to adjudicating these types of crimes, while in Richmond all DV cases are heard in the regular AP Part.

404:

and unless the delay was due to a request of the defendant, and absent a compelling reason for the prosecution's delay, the defendant must be released on their own recognizance (ROR'd).

916: 705: 701: 279:

for the purposes of recommending bail or remand at arraignment. In New York state, the time from arrest to arraignment must be within 24 hours. Police may also release a person with an

697: 1109:, which adjudicates parking violations. Though the state had created Narcotics Parts (N Parts) in the city's Supreme Court in 1971, in 1993 the Criminal Court implemented its first 3906: 932: 617:, for example hearing family, civil and criminal "quality of life" cases, as well as youth court, and uses mediation, restitution, community service orders and drug treatment. 864:, in conjunction with the county bar association in the relevant county, investigates and evaluates the qualifications of all candidates for judicial office in New York City. 888:

monitor substance abuse program defendants, conduct pre-trial suppression hearings and make recommended findings of fact and law to sitting judges. JHOs are appointed by the

2460: 3983: 3958: 3804: 3042: 1671: 920: 4672: 4004: 3818: 230: 944:'s Legal Bureau has a memorandum of understanding with the district attorneys, at least in Manhattan, allowing the NYPD to selectively prosecute summons court cases. 994:

at arraignment, straight cash or commercial bail bond, while other options exist such as partially secured bonds, which only require a tenth of the full amount as a

4239: 4024: 3931: 1497: 1072: 2720: 3794: 2497: 900:

By law, the city must provide criminal representation by any combination of a public defender, legal aid society, and/or panel of qualified lawyers (pursuant to

520:

In New York State, only those individuals charged with a serious crime, defined as one where the defendant faces more than six months in jail, are entitled to a

2699: 2046: 3889: 1438: 4039: 3860: 1067:.) In 1848 the city Police Courts or Magistrates' Courts were created, elected within six districts. In 1910 both city courts were reconstituted after the 2025: 3968: 3833: 485: 465: 288: 1010:, and that 39 percent of the city's jail population consisted of pre-trial detainees who were in jail because they had not posted bail. A report by the 4754: 4744: 3664: 1147:

was inspired by the evening court sessions held in the Criminal Courthouse building in Manhattan from 5:00 pm to 1:00 am; however, the exterior of the

928: 789: 4940: 3973: 3169:

Actual Government of New York: A Manual of the Local, Municipal, State and Federal Government for Use in Public and Private Schools of New York State

2786: 1889: 1388: 17: 2828: 3936: 884:

Judicial hearing officers (JHOs) adjudicate most summons court (SAP Part) cases, assist in compliance parts in domestic violence cases, and in the

528:

before a judge. Defendants in summons court may waive their right to a trial before a judge and have the trial held by a judicial hearing officer.

1741: 3921: 2762: 1553: 4777: 4029: 4019: 3894: 653: 540:, established separately in the First Department (Manhattan and the Bronx) and Second Department (Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island) of the 4935: 3901: 2311: 2286: 2158: 2133: 1302: 1250: 1205: 969: 868: 4570: 3911: 3828: 2678: 2502: 4834: 4054: 4049: 4009: 3728: 3192: 2854: 2741: 242: 1866: 1762: 4580: 4511: 4503: 4244: 3978: 3056:

It is an open secret that prosecutors use pre-trial detention to extract plea agreements involving admissions of guilt from defendants.

2644: 693: 541: 1601: 4526: 4014: 3916: 3799: 2807: 1712: 1018:

It is said that excessive pre-trial detention and the accompanying systematic trial delays are used to pressure defendants to accept

830: 1525: 630:

posture, and depending upon caseloads the judges in the AP Parts may conduct pre-trial hearings, felony hearings, and bench trials.

4829: 4824: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4699: 4266: 2436: 2109: 2004: 4802: 4189: 4167: 3766: 3585: 3575: 3549: 1106: 3309: 2336: 4925: 4845: 4234: 3963: 3823: 3784: 3657: 3637: 1498:"Parading of Suspects Is Evolving Tradition; Halted After a Judge's Ruling, 'Perp Walks' Are Likely to Be Revived—in Some Form" 782: 560: 4749: 4739: 4585: 4533: 4516: 4288: 3953: 3838: 3789: 3593: 3343: 3088: 3073: 2964: 2573: 2215: 646: 4920: 4647: 4595: 4315: 3527:

Chapter 697, enacted 24 April 1962, effective 1 September 1962. Senate Bill, Introductory Number 3716, Printed Number 4674.

2438:

Judicial Selection Methods in the State of New York: A Guide to Understanding and Getting Involved in the Selection Process

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to the court (and presumably refunded when redeemed), and unsecured bonds, which don't require any up front payment. The

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Once a judge is appointed by the Mayor to the Criminal Court, they can be transferred from one court to another by the

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am. At arraignment the prosecutor may also provides defense counsel with certain "notices", such as notices about

4495: 4468: 4412: 4298: 4034: 3941: 3882: 3848: 3701: 3441: 3221: 3143: 2073: 1893: 1469: 1002:

has stated that only 44 percent of defendants offered bail are released before their case concludes. A report by

957: 941: 637:

Trial Parts in the Criminal Court handle most of the trials, although some trials are conducted in the AP parts.

573: 2890: 990:(pre-trial detention) has also been criticized. Almost without exception, New York judges only set two kinds of 4719: 4437: 4217: 3776: 1949: 912: 385:. If the grand jury finds that there is enough evidence that the accused has committed a crime, it may file an 337:

After notices are served, the prosecutor may ask, for certain offenses, the court to keep the accused in jail (

319: 3381:

Judith S. Kaye in Her Own Words: Reflections on Life and the Law, with Selected Judicial Opinions and Articles

4709: 4463: 4310: 4229: 4222: 4120: 4110: 3877: 3708: 3618: 3545: 3197: 2524: 2517: 2513: 2445: 2432: 2409: 2396: 2395: 1867:"Daily News analysis finds racial disparities in summonses for minor violations in 'broken windows' policing" 1799: 1696: 1419: 1078:

The Criminal Court was established effective 1 September 1962 by the New York City Criminal Court Act of the

901: 861: 823: 758: 667: 425: 397: 358: 207: 151: 103: 3022: 2932:"New York City: Bail Penalizes the Poor: Thousands Accused of Minor Crimes Spend Time in Pretrial Detention" 2552: 2359: 4293: 4115: 3926: 983:

being put off for another month ... these defendants miss work, lose wages and in some cases their jobs."

964:, noting that only about half of the about 107 appointed Criminal Court judges currently serve because the 602: 1662: 353:

for their arrest, although judges may excuse defendants from having to show up at every court appearance.

4543: 4521: 4399: 4160: 3999: 3673: 3046: 1474: 1168: 856:

to 10-year terms from a list of candidates submitted by the Mayor's Advisory Committee on the Judiciary.

2931: 4860: 4852: 4731: 4682: 4273: 4125: 3329: 3108: 1605: 1148: 803: 2622:

Report on the Fiscal 2016 Preliminary Budget: Courts and Legal Aid Society / Indigent Defense Services

424:

A bail review in Supreme Court may be requested by misdemeanor defendants who cannot make bail at the

4930: 4772: 4620: 4432: 4356: 4330: 4210: 4064: 3756: 3713: 2952:

The Price of Freedom: Bail and Pretrial Detention of Low Income Nonfelony Defendants in New York City

1465: 1163: 1098: 1011: 730: 687: 245: 4347: 2154: 1063:

tried felonies as a county court, whereas Bronx, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties had a regular

298:

Taxi drivers concealing their faces as they take the customary perp walk before the news media. The

4849: 4819: 4764: 4704: 4630: 4607: 4442: 4278: 4261: 4205: 2377: 1068: 753: 724: 42: 4660: 4655: 3614: 3358: 3173: 3023:"Accused of Stealing a Backpack, High School Student Jailed for Nearly Three Years Without Trial" 2400: 2373: 1173: 1114: 739: 590: 440: 3633: 3496: 3252: 3211: 2664: 2431: 1664:

BDS Testifies at NYC Council Oversight Hearing on New York's Bail System and the Need for Reform

4899: 4677: 4473: 4407: 4283: 4256: 4153: 3696: 3553: 3315: 2873: 2342: 2199: 1087: 1030: 885: 853: 719: 711: 552:

There are several specialized parts of the Criminal Court which handle specific subject areas.

390: 284: 218: 179: 3187: 3147: 2599: 4665: 4635: 4553: 4548: 4417: 4303: 3718: 3682: 3379: 3149:

Proceedings of the Board of Aldermen of the City of New York from January 2 to March 28, 1911

2629: 2355: 1943: 1110: 1064: 815: 763: 475: 166:

punishable by fine or imprisonment of up to one year) and lesser offenses, and also conducts

275:. Those arrested are booked at "central booking" and interviewed by a representative of the 182:

to ten-year terms, but most of those appointed have been transferred to other courts by the

4887: 4839: 4558: 4538: 4325: 2492: 1767: 1094: 956:

But there have been accusations of systematic trial delays, especially with regards to the

222: 174:

cases (generally, more serious offenses punishable by imprisonment of more than one year).

2981: 8: 2683: 2620: 2604: 2069: 1942:

The Committee on Courts of Appellate Jurisdiction of the New York State Bar Association.

1900: 1871: 1043: 924: 503: 459: 3167: 364:. In practice, bail amounts are typically linked to charge severity rather than risk of 4565: 4335: 2986: 2956: 2935: 2916: 2859: 2833: 2812: 2791: 2767: 2746: 2725: 2649: 2520: 2078: 2051: 2030: 2009: 1746: 1699: 1634: 1558: 1530: 1502: 1443: 1422: 1393: 1369: 1097:

were created to offload a large volume of cases from the Criminal Court: the state DMV

1083: 1003: 987: 975: 614: 606: 498: 428: 400: 361: 338: 211: 3466: 1802: 904: 4590: 4422: 3723: 3589: 3563: 3518: 3399: 3389: 3339: 3274: 3233: 3124: 3002: 2960: 2895: 2527: 2211: 2207: 2114: 1254: 1209: 908: 677: 365: 226: 3120: 3510: 3501: 3362: 3266: 3257: 3225: 3216: 3116: 2307: 1298: 508: 2553:"Caseload and Trial Capacity Issues in the Criminal Court of the City of New York" 2129: 871:, and after two years' service in the lower courts, they may be designated by the 178:

nonjudicial personnel resources. One hundred seven judges may be appointed by the

4640: 3810: 3579: 2465: 1977: 979: 594: 470: 412: 3418:"Manhattan Criminal Courthouse - Department of Citywide Administrative Services" 3133:

Chapter 767 of Livingston & Smith and Van Schaack, enacted 1 September 1744.

2282: 807: 581:

and the entire proceeding is generally one of private or court-conducted trial.

381:, their case is sent to a court part where felony cases await the action of the 122: 3623: 3027: 3007: 2704: 454: 450: 350: 272: 137: 3642: 3188:"Suggestions for Relieving Congestion in the Criminal Courts of New York City" 1742:"State's Chief Judge, Citing 'Injustice,' Lays Out Plans to Alter Bail System" 524:; those defendants facing six months' incarceration or less are entitled to a 4914: 4782: 4694: 4388: 4176: 4092: 3567: 3522: 3514: 3278: 3270: 3237: 3229: 3093: 2461:"Council presses de Blasio administration to reduce delays in criminal court" 2047:"Concerns in Criminal Justice System as New York City Eases Marijuana Policy" 1258: 1102: 480: 331: 238: 155: 73: 1925: 1439:"Same Walk, Nicer Shoes; Parading of Executives in Custody Fuels New Debate" 1262: 1217: 1213: 4865: 2483: 2372: 995: 961: 598: 445: 435: 417: 346: 315: 221:. Some violations and other issues are adjudicated by other city and state 163: 3212:"An Act in relation to Justices and Police Courts in the city of New York" 2354: 496:) hearings. Trial Parts also conduct pre-trial motion hearings, including 3610: 3375: 1143: 1007: 525: 307: 268: 203: 170:(initial court appearances following arrest) and preliminary hearings in 167: 159: 2378:

2022 Annual Report of the New York State Standing Committee on Judiciary

1154:

Tourists sometimes view the evening sessions from the public galleries.

1059:

was created in 1744, from a court created in 1732. (The New York County

294: 4814: 4809: 3539:. Office of the Chief Clerk of New York City Criminal Court. July 2014. 3335: 819: 521: 490: 386: 382: 199: 3442:"night court is the weirdest tourist attraction in NYC, and the world" 3048:

Memorandum of Support: S5988 (Squadron) / A7841 (Aubry) 'Kalief's Law'

1071:. The Court of Special Sessions tried misdemeanors like other cities' 283:

directing a defendant to appear for arraignment in the future: with a

4687: 4376: 4364: 4082: 4072: 4044: 2763:"For 3 Years After Killing, Evidence Fades as a Suspect Sits in Jail" 1130: 811: 299: 310:, the accused is informed of the charges against them and submits a 4370: 4077: 2829:"Chronic Bronx Court Delays Deny Defendants Due Process, Suit Says" 1389:"Ruling Forces New York to Release Or Arraign Suspects in 24 Hours" 1126: 1026: 589:

The state court system has a number of problem-solving courts. The

37: 3403: 3113:

The Colonial Laws of New York from the Year 1664 to the Revolution

2950: 2787:"Even for Minor Crimes in Bronx, No Guarantee of Getting a Trial" 4145: 3128: 2560:

The Record of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York

1894:"Proposed Pro Bono Opportunity Between MoFo and Youth Represent" 4382: 4087: 3142: 2679:"Judge: NYPD can act as prosecutor in Black Lives Matter cases" 1554:"No Objections as Manhattan Late Night Court Recesses for Good" 378: 264: 260: 202:

in New York City will appear before a Criminal Court judge for

195: 171: 3061: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2181: 2179: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1343: 1341: 1339: 302:

is a well-known feature of New York's criminal justice system.

1865:

Ryley, Sarah; Bult, Laura; Gregorian, Dareh (4 August 2014).

1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 2204:

Community Justice: Issues for probation and criminal justice

2253: 2224: 2176: 1984: 1836: 1807: 1458: 991: 609:

neighborhoods and charged with any non-felony offense. The

576:'s Legal Bureau has a memorandum of understanding with the 342: 311: 3533:

Criminal Court of the City of New York: Annual Report 2013

3286: 3242:

Chapter 153, enacted 30 March 1848, effective immediately.

3041: 1316: 1075:, and the Magistrates' Courts tried petty criminal cases. 3283:

Chapter 659, enacted 25 June 1910, effective immediately.

2721:"New York Courts Cut Time Between Arrest and Arraignment" 2700:"Occupy Wall Street Judge Refuses to Throw Out Summonses" 2026:"Marijuana May Mean Ticket, Not Arrest, in New York City" 1780: 1778: 1526:"An American Rite: Suspects on Parade (Bring a Raincoat)" 852:

New York City Criminal Court judges are appointed by the

822:

on the judicial branch, both state and local courts. The

3304: 2399:

Special Committee to Encourage Judicial Service (2012).

2331: 2110:"Protesters Sue to Stop NYPD from Acting as Prosecutors" 2982:"Study Finds Racial Disparity in Criminal Prosecutions" 2600:"Upstate trial could change course for defense of poor" 2488:"We Need Speedy Trial Reform in City's Criminal Courts" 829:

studies the workings of the criminal courts, while the

572:

The District Attorney does not staff the SAP Part. The

3253:"Inferior Criminal Courts Act of the City of New York" 2827:

Weiser, Benjamin; McKinley Jr., James (May 10, 2016).

2335:(24 April 1962), "Form B-201 Budget Report on Bills", 1945:

New York's Appellate Terms: A Manual for Practitioners

1824: 1775: 1678: 1642: 1595: 1593: 1566: 2533: 1763:"Misdemeanor Bail Reviews Beginning in New York City" 1401: 233:, parking violations are adjudicated by the city DOF 3161: 3159: 2855:"Top Judge Says Bail in New York Isn't Safe or Fair" 263:

someone they have reason to believe has committed a

3072:

sfn error: no target: CITEREFFeldmanBloustein2016 (

2909: 1627: 1590: 1578: 833:analyzes the criminal justice system more broadly. 647:

Judiciary of New York (state) § Administration

4040:Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre & Broadcasting 3365:, volume 2, pages 1341–1344, enacted 17 June 1971. 2826: 2579: 2086: 1864: 597:which arraigns defendants who are arrested in the 564:A sample specimen of an old Criminal Court summons 345:. Otherwise, the accused is released on their own 3156: 2884: 2882: 2435:Council on Judicial Administration (March 2014). 2155:"New York City Criminal Court - Special Projects" 1884: 1882: 1517: 4912: 3089:"When Brooklyn juries gentrify, defendants lose" 3067: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1293: 1291: 1243:The New York State Courts: An Introductory Guide 1198:The New York State Courts: An Introductory Guide 911:is contracted as the city's primary provider of 334:and statements made by the defendant to police. 4101: 3672: 3543: 3488: 1347: 1125:The Criminal Courthouse building is a 17-story 4661:New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island) 3546:Association of the Bar of the City of New York 3495: 3292: 2879: 2780: 2778: 2064: 2062: 1879: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1660: 1602:"New York's Latest Bail Law Changes Explained" 1489: 1430: 843:Judiciary of New York (state) § Personnel 654:New York State Courts Electronic Filing System 116: 4161: 3658: 3530: 3331:The Government and Politics of New York State 2742:"Courts in Slow Motion, Aided by the Defense" 2562:, vol. 54, no. 6, p. 771, 1999 2312:New York State Office of Court Administration 2308:"Court Administration - Local Administrators" 2287:New York State Office of Court Administration 2266: 2247: 2235: 2200:"Community justice: the smell of fresh bread" 2197: 2185: 2159:New York State Office of Court Administration 2134:New York State Office of Court Administration 1990: 1962: 1847: 1818: 1623: 1621: 1382: 1380: 1358: 1356: 1303:New York State Office of Court Administration 1288: 1251:New York State Office of Court Administration 1206:New York State Office of Court Administration 1191: 1189: 783: 613:is a multi-jurisdictional community court in 538:Appellate Terms of the New York Supreme Court 4005:Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings 3311:New York State bill jackets - L-1969-CH-1074 2979: 2718: 2338:New York State bill jackets - L-1962-CH-0697 1739: 1299:"Administration of The Unified Court System" 879: 231:Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings 4050:New York City School Construction Authority 3193:The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 3180: 2775: 2374:NYS Assembly Standing Committee on Judicary 2059: 1888: 1853: 1795: 1793: 322:. Arraignments are held every day from 9:00 4168: 4154: 3665: 3651: 2356:NYS Senate Standing Committee on Judiciary 2005:"Inside the Warped World of Summons Court" 1935: 1740:McKinley Jr., James C. (October 1, 2015). 1618: 1377: 1353: 1186: 790: 776: 36: 3327: 3000: 2805: 2784: 2760: 2739: 2697: 2425: 2023: 1690: 1151:is shown in the show's opening sequence. 947: 584: 4941:Courts and tribunals established in 1962 3196:. Vol. 13: May 1922–February 1923. 2852: 2719:McKinley Jr., James C. (19 March 2014). 2422:New York City Criminal Court Act § 22(2) 2391: 2389: 2387: 2277: 2275: 2103: 2101: 2068: 1790: 1362: 818:, budget advocacy, and otherwise report 559: 411: 293: 251: 4190:Index of New York City-related articles 3165: 3115:. Vol. 3. 1894. pp. 379–381. 2948: 2891:"Bail is Busted: How Jail Really Works" 2848: 2846: 2844: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2458: 2198:Pakes, Francis; Winstone, Jane (2013). 2002: 1923: 1919: 1917: 1760: 1523: 1464: 1365:"Judge Orders Arraignments In 24 Hours" 1120: 1057:New York City Court of Special Sessions 14: 4913: 3907:Housing Preservation & Development 3497:"The New York City Criminal Court Act" 3001:Gonnerman, Jennifer (6 October 2014). 2980:McKinley Jr., James C. (8 July 2014). 2676: 2618: 2360:2023 Judiciary Committee Annual Report 1630:"A Nightmare Court, Worthy of Dickens" 1551: 1495: 1437:Weiser, Benjamin (November 26, 2002). 1436: 396:Felony defendants must be released on 148:Criminal Court of the City of New York 31:Criminal Court of the City of New York 4586:John F. Kennedy International Airport 4534:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 4149: 3646: 3574: 2888: 2698:Dolmetsch, Chris (14 December 2011). 2642: 2597: 2585: 2539: 2384: 2272: 2107: 2098: 2092: 2044: 2024:Goldstein, Joseph (9 November 2014). 1941: 1830: 1784: 1761:Keshner, Andrew (December 14, 2015). 1728:Kings County Criminal Bar Association 1711:Barry, Justin A. (10 December 2015), 1710: 1684: 1661:Schreibersdorf, Lisa (17 June 2015), 1648: 1599: 1584: 1572: 1407: 1285:New York City Criminal Court Act § 20 1136: 1101:(TVB), which adjudicates non-parking 1000:New York City Criminal Justice Agency 831:Criminal Justice Operations Committee 189: 4936:1962 establishments in New York City 4596:Newark Liberty International Airport 3586:New York County Lawyers' Association 3581:New York City Criminal Courts Manual 3576:New York County Lawyers' Association 3550:New York County Lawyers' Association 3374: 3086: 2910:The Editorial Board (10 July 2015). 2841: 2806:Glaberson, William (14 April 2013). 2761:Glaberson, William (16 April 2013). 2740:Glaberson, William (15 April 2013). 2677:Jacobs, Shayna (19 September 2016). 2473: 1914: 1496:Harden, Blaine (February 27, 1999). 1386: 958:New York City stop-and-frisk program 416:A line outside the summons court on 372: 3628:New York State Unified Court System 3560:New York State Unified Court System 2912:"Trapped by New York's Bail System" 1628:The Editorial Board (11 May 2016). 104:New York State Unified Court System 24: 4030:Health & Hospitals Corporation 3959:Records & Information Services 3386:State University of New York Press 2853:Buettner, Russ (5 February 2013). 2645:"The Defense Can't Afford to Rest" 2619:Wright, Eisha N. (27 March 2015). 2598:Yakin, Heather (14 October 2014). 2380:(Report). New York State Assembly. 2074:"Will Pot Pack New York's Courts?" 1363:Sullivan, Ronald (27 April 1990). 1025:In June 2014 it was reported that 271:, or violation, or pursuant to an 25: 4952: 4175: 3984:Youth & Community Development 3922:Landmarks Preservation Commission 3604: 3509:: III. 1962. pp. 3266–3291. 2785:Glaberson, William (1 May 2013). 2459:Trangle, Sarina (March 1, 2016). 2130:"Problem Solving Courts Overview" 917:New York County Defender Services 873:Chief Administrator of the Courts 640: 611:Red Hook Community Justice Center 86:deputy chief administrative judge 18:Red Hook Community Justice Center 4895: 4894: 4881: 4346: 4025:Office of Chief Medical Examiner 4020:Economic Development Corporation 3805:Citywide Administrative Services 3555:Criminal Justice System Handbook 3459: 3434: 3410: 3265:: II. 1910. pp. 1774–1821. 2808:"Waiting Years for Day in Court" 2362:(Report). New York State Senate. 2108:Pinto, Nick (November 3, 2016). 1470:"THE BIG CITY; Walking the Walk" 1080:173rd New York State Legislature 676: 555: 27:Court in New York, United States 4055:Taxi & Limousine Commission 3368: 3352: 3321: 3298: 3245: 3204: 3144:New York City Board of Aldermen 3136: 3101: 3080: 3035: 3015: 2994: 2973: 2942: 2924: 2903: 2867: 2820: 2799: 2754: 2733: 2712: 2691: 2670: 2657: 2636: 2612: 2591: 2566: 2545: 2507: 2452: 2416: 2366: 2348: 2325: 2300: 2191: 2147: 2122: 2038: 2017: 2003:Staples, Brent (16 June 2012). 1996: 1754: 1733: 1704: 1654: 1552:Saulny, Susan (20 April 2003). 1545: 3819:Consumer and Worker Protection 3467:"Is Night Court a Real Thing?" 2045:Baker, Al (10 November 2014). 1950:New York State Bar Association 1924:Wallace, Jonathan (May 2015), 1600:Merkl, Taryn (16 April 2020). 1413: 1279: 1234: 970:Office of Court Administration 869:Office of Court Administration 479:(identification evidence like 184:Office of Court Administration 13: 1: 4926:New York (state) state courts 4010:Business Integrity Commission 3619:New York City Bar Association 3328:Zimmerman, Joseph F. (2008). 3198:Northwestern University Press 3172:. Ginn and Company. pp. 3166:Boynton, Frank David (1918). 2889:Pinto, Nick (25 April 2012). 2446:New York City Bar Association 2433:New York City Bar Association 2410:New York City Bar Association 2397:New York City Bar Association 1524:Roberts, Sam (May 19, 2011). 1387:Sack, Kevin (27 March 1991). 933:Neighborhood Defender Service 862:New York City Bar Association 241:are adjudicated by the state 3624:New York City Criminal Court 3489:General and cited references 3068:Feldman & Bloustein 2016 1179: 1093:In 1969–1970, extrajudicial 895: 836: 814:standing committees conduct 547: 407: 7: 4921:Government of New York City 4815:East Bronx expansion (1895) 4015:Conflicts of Interest Board 4000:City University of New York 3890:Health & Mental Hygiene 3674:Government of New York City 3152:. Vol. 1. p. 793. 3087:Saul, Josh (16 June 2014). 2643:Feuer, Alan (20 May 2011). 1475:The New York Times Magazine 1169:Government of New York City 1157: 1042:Brooklyn district attorney 578:Manhattan District Attorney 58:September 1, 1962 10: 4957: 4855:hybrid variant (2020–2021) 3043:Brooklyn Defender Services 1672:Brooklyn Defender Services 1606:Brennan Center for Justice 1149:New York County Courthouse 1050: 966:Chief Administrative Judge 921:Brooklyn Defender Services 840: 644: 229:are conducted by the city 217:Felonies are heard by the 152:State Unified Court System 4874: 4763: 4730: 4606: 4494: 4451: 4398: 4355: 4344: 4198: 4185: 4063: 3992: 3974:Technology and Innovation 3834:Design & Construction 3775: 3767:Independent Budget Office 3739: 3689: 3680: 3471:NBC Insider Official Site 3200:. 1922. pp. 127–135. 1714:Memorandum Re Bail Review 1164:New York City Civil Court 1107:Parking Violations Bureau 1099:Traffic Violations Bureau 1061:Court of General Sessions 1012:Vera Institute of Justice 880:Judicial hearing officers 847: 827:Criminal Courts Committee 531: 287:(DAT) after arrest, or a 246:Traffic Violations Bureau 235:Parking Violations Bureau 132: 109: 99: 79: 69: 54: 49: 35: 4888:New York City portal 3861:Environmental Protection 3626:official webpage on the 3306:NYS Executive Department 3224:1848. pp. 249–252. 3121:2027/umn.319510021585399 2448:. pp. 9–10, 12, 13. 2333:NYS Executive Department 624: 515: 257:New York police officers 4810:Annexed District (1874) 3969:Small Business Services 3615:lawyer referral service 3544:Joint Committee of the 3388:. pp. 64–66, 451. 2949:Fellner, Jamie (2010). 2525:Vehicle and Traffic Law 1174:Law of New York (state) 1115:Midtown Community Court 986:New York City's use of 591:Midtown Community Court 377:For those accused of a 277:Criminal Justice Agency 138:nycourts.gov/…/criminal 4522:Vision Zero Initiative 3937:Parks & Recreation 3611:Legal Referral Service 3316:New York State Library 2874:Criminal Procedure Law 2518:Criminal Procedure Law 2343:New York State Library 2283:"Court Administration" 1926:"Poor People's Courts" 1800:Criminal Procedure Law 1697:Criminal Procedure Law 1420:Criminal Procedure Law 1040: 948:Analysis and criticism 886:New York Supreme Court 854:Mayor of New York City 585:Problem-solving courts 565: 421: 359:Criminal Procedure Law 318:). The accused have a 303: 285:desk appearance ticket 208:Criminal Procedure Law 43:State flag of New York 4554:Long Island Rail Road 4549:Staten Island Railway 3932:Management and Budget 3683:New York City Charter 3634:Inmate Lookup Service 2630:New York City Council 2500:on November 15, 2016. 2486:(February 24, 2016). 2402:How To Become a Judge 1930:The Ethical Spectical 1111:problem-solving court 1095:administrative courts 1035: 816:legislative oversight 563: 415: 297: 252:Arrest to arraignment 223:administrative courts 210:(CPL) is the primary 4559:Metro-North Railroad 4486:Emergency Management 4289:Environmental issues 3856:Emergency Management 2493:New York Law Journal 2376:(15 December 2022). 2358:(21 February 2024). 2072:(21 November 2014). 2070:Thompson, Kenneth P. 1768:New York Law Journal 1468:(October 30, 1994). 1348:NYCBA and NYCLA 1993 1121:Manhattan courthouse 1069:city's consolidation 973:to game the system. 670:Unified Court System 451:warrantless searches 441:evidence suppression 194:Most people who are 89:administrative judge 4840:9/11 terror attacks 4571:Bridges and tunnels 4428:Community Districts 3795:Children's Services 3747:Board of Correction 2684:New York Daily News 2663:People v Jeffreys, 2605:Times Herald-Record 1901:Equal Justice Works 1872:New York Daily News 1253:. 2010. p. 2. 1208:. 2000. p. 4. 1105:, and the city DOF 1044:Kenneth P. Thompson 931:in Queens, and the 925:The Bronx Defenders 890:Chief Administrator 662:Part of a series on 536:Appeals are to the 504:witness impeachment 32: 4745:Elementary schools 4740:Dept. of Education 4452:Emergency services 4423:Borough presidents 3752:Board of Elections 3740:Independent organs 3724:Borough Presidents 3293:Criminal Court Act 2987:The New York Times 2957:Human Rights Watch 2938:. 3 December 2010. 2936:Human Rights Watch 2917:The New York Times 2860:The New York Times 2834:The New York Times 2813:The New York Times 2792:The New York Times 2768:The New York Times 2747:The New York Times 2726:The New York Times 2650:The New York Times 2267:Annual Report 2013 2248:Annual Report 2013 2236:Annual Report 2013 2186:Annual Report 2013 2079:The New York Times 2052:The New York Times 2031:The New York Times 2010:The New York Times 1991:Annual Report 2013 1848:Annual Report 2013 1819:Annual Report 2013 1747:The New York Times 1635:The New York Times 1559:The New York Times 1531:The New York Times 1503:The New York Times 1444:The New York Times 1394:The New York Times 1370:The New York Times 1141:The 1980's sitcom 1137:In popular culture 1103:traffic violations 1084:Nelson Rockefeller 1004:Human Rights Watch 976:The New York Times 913:criminal legal aid 694:Appellate Division 615:Red Hook, Brooklyn 566: 542:Appellate Division 422: 314:(and may accept a 304: 239:traffic violations 237:, and non-parking 227:Krimstock hearings 212:criminal procedure 190:Criminal procedure 150:is a court of the 123:Criminal Court Act 117:Criminal Court Act 30: 4908: 4907: 4846:COVID-19 pandemic 4626:Community gardens 4591:LaGuardia Airport 4391:(Richmond County) 4379:(New York County) 4143: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4035:Housing Authority 3902:Homeless Services 3690:Elected officials 3595:978-1-105-20162-2 3515:2027/uc1.b4378119 3345:978-0-7914-7435-8 3271:2027/uc1.b4375313 3230:2027/uc1.b4375252 3045:(8 August 2015), 3031:. 1 October 2014. 2966:978-1-56432-718-5 2896:The Village Voice 2632:Finance Division. 2250:, pp. 18–19. 2217:978-1-84392-128-8 2208:Willan Publishing 2115:The Village Voice 1833:, pp. 67–71. 1787:, pp. 59–60. 1687:, pp. 21–23. 1575:, pp. 17–18. 1410:, pp. 10–11. 1038:credible to them. 909:Legal Aid Society 804:State Legislature 800: 799: 759:Surrogate's Court 373:Felony indictment 366:failure to appear 341:) or released on 320:right to a lawyer 289:universal summons 281:appearance ticket 144: 143: 100:Parent department 16:(Redirected from 4948: 4931:Municipal courts 4898: 4897: 4886: 4885: 4884: 4648:Farmers' markets 4350: 4179: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4147: 4146: 4103:Community boards 4099: 4098: 3871:Sheriff's Office 3829:Cultural Affairs 3667: 3660: 3653: 3644: 3643: 3599: 3571: 3540: 3538: 3526: 3502:Laws of New York 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3453: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3372: 3366: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3334:(2nd ed.). 3325: 3319: 3318: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3282: 3258:Laws of New York 3249: 3243: 3241: 3217:Laws of New York 3208: 3202: 3201: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3163: 3154: 3153: 3140: 3134: 3132: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3003:"Before the Law" 2998: 2992: 2991: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2886: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2850: 2839: 2838: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2782: 2773: 2772: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2674: 2668: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2627: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2557: 2549: 2543: 2542:, pp. 3, 6. 2537: 2531: 2511: 2505: 2501: 2496:. 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Vial, 1973: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1956: 1939: 1933: 1932: 1921: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1898: 1886: 1877: 1876: 1862: 1851: 1845: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1816: 1805: 1797: 1788: 1782: 1773: 1772: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1708: 1702: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1675: 1669: 1658: 1652: 1651:, p. 20,32. 1646: 1640: 1639: 1625: 1616: 1615: 1613: 1612: 1597: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1493: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1434: 1428: 1417: 1411: 1405: 1399: 1398: 1384: 1375: 1374: 1360: 1351: 1345: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1295: 1286: 1283: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1273: 1267: 1261:. Archived from 1248: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1228: 1222: 1216:. Archived from 1203: 1193: 929:Queens Defenders 792: 785: 778: 688:Court of Appeals 680: 659: 658: 329: 325: 291:without arrest. 140: 65: 63: 40: 33: 29: 21: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4882: 4880: 4870: 4778:Prehistory-1664 4759: 4726: 4695:"Sixth borough" 4602: 4490: 4479:law enforcement 4447: 4394: 4385:(Queens County) 4351: 4342: 4223:ethnic enclaves 4194: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4144: 4135: 4097: 4059: 4045:NYC Media Group 3988: 3912:Human Resources 3811:The City Record 3771: 3735: 3709:Public Advocate 3685: 3676: 3671: 3607: 3602: 3596: 3536: 3491: 3486: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3451: 3449: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3426: 3424: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3396: 3373: 3369: 3357: 3353: 3346: 3338:. p. 232. 3326: 3322: 3308:(26 May 1969), 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3164: 3157: 3141: 3137: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3051: 3040: 3036: 3021: 3020: 3016: 2999: 2995: 2978: 2974: 2967: 2947: 2943: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2908: 2904: 2887: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2851: 2842: 2825: 2821: 2804: 2800: 2783: 2776: 2759: 2755: 2738: 2734: 2717: 2713: 2696: 2692: 2675: 2671: 2665:53 Misc 3d 1205 2662: 2658: 2641: 2637: 2625: 2617: 2613: 2596: 2592: 2584: 2580: 2571: 2567: 2555: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2512: 2508: 2481: 2474: 2457: 2453: 2441: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2412:. pp. 3–6. 2405: 2394: 2385: 2371: 2367: 2353: 2349: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2281: 2280: 2273: 2265: 2254: 2246: 2242: 2234: 2225: 2218: 2196: 2192: 2184: 2177: 2163: 2161: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2106: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2067: 2060: 2043: 2039: 2022: 2018: 2001: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1976: 1974: 1963: 1954: 1952: 1940: 1936: 1922: 1915: 1905: 1903: 1896: 1890:Youth Represent 1887: 1880: 1863: 1854: 1846: 1837: 1829: 1825: 1817: 1808: 1798: 1791: 1783: 1776: 1759: 1755: 1738: 1734: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1709: 1705: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1679: 1667: 1659: 1655: 1647: 1643: 1626: 1619: 1610: 1608: 1598: 1591: 1583: 1579: 1571: 1567: 1550: 1546: 1536: 1534: 1522: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1494: 1490: 1480: 1478: 1463: 1459: 1449: 1447: 1435: 1431: 1418: 1414: 1406: 1402: 1385: 1378: 1361: 1354: 1346: 1317: 1307: 1305: 1297: 1296: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1246: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1182: 1160: 1139: 1123: 1053: 980:editorial board 950: 898: 882: 850: 845: 839: 796: 754:Court of Claims 729:New York City: 669: 649: 643: 627: 595:community court 587: 558: 550: 534: 518: 463:(confessions), 410: 375: 327: 323: 254: 206:. 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