36:
48:
4961:
transmission with a ratio of 4:1 in first and 3:1 in second. This is because the close-ratio transmission has less of a progression between gears. For the wide-ratio transmission, the first gear ratio is 4:1 or 4, and in second gear it is 2:1 or 2, so the progression is equal to 4/2 = 2 (or 200%). For the close-ratio transmission, first gear has a 4:1 ratio or 4, and second gear has a ratio of 3:1 or 3, so the progression between gears is 4/3, or 133%. Since 133% is less than 200%, the transmission with the smaller progression between gears is considered close-ratio. However, the difference between a close-ratio and wide-ratio transmission is subjective and relative.
3129:
4337:
161:
304:
4281:
3165:
4858:
4796:
4249:
4398:
3782:
4998:
2.50, means the progression percentages must be high. The amount of engine speed, and therefore power, lost on each up-shift is greater than would be the case in a transmission with less range, but less power in 1st gear. A numerically low 1st gear, such as 2:1, reduces available torque in 1st gear, but allows more choices of progression.
4997:
Range and progression are not mutually exclusive, but each limits the number of options for the other. A wide range, which gives a strong torque multiplication in 1st gear for excellent manners in low-speed traffic, especially with a smaller motor, heavy vehicle, or numerically low axle ratio such as
4960:
A close-ratio transmission is a transmission in which there is a relatively little difference between the gear ratios of the gears. For example, a transmission with an engine shaft to drive shaft ratio of 4:1 in first gear and 2:1 in second gear would be considered wide-ratio when compared to another
3085:
and since the output gear must have more teeth than the input gear, the speed reducer amplifies the input torque. When the input gear rotates faster than the output gear, then the gear train amplifies the input torque. Conversely, if the output gear has fewer teeth than the input gear, then the gear
4979:
Factory 4-speed or 5-speed transmission ratios generally have a greater difference between gear ratios and tend to be effective for ordinary driving and moderate performance use. Wider gaps between ratios allow a higher 1st gear ratio for better manners in traffic, but cause engine speed to decrease
3772:
gear. The same gear ratio is obtained for a sequence of idler gears and hence an idler gear is used to provide the same direction to rotate the driver and driven gear. If the driver gear moves in the clockwise direction, then the driven gear also moves in the clockwise direction with the help of the
3176:
In a sequence of gears chained together, the ratio depends only on the number of teeth on the first and last gear. The intermediate gears, regardless of their size, do not alter the overall gear ratio of the chain. However, the addition of each intermediate gear reverses the direction of rotation of
4993:
is the reduction or decay in the percentage drop in engine speed in the next gear, for example after shifting from 1st to 2nd gear. Most transmissions have some degree of progression in that the RPM drop on the 1-2 shift is larger than the RPM drop on the 2-3 shift, which is in turn larger than the
2625:
4994:
RPM drop on the 3-4 shift. The progression may not be linear (continuously reduced) or done in proportionate stages for various reasons, including a special need for a gear to reach a specific speed or RPM for passing, racing and so on, or simply economic necessity that the parts were available.
4519:
can almost be thought of as a third type of gearing. This car is equipped with 295/35-18 tires, which have a circumference of 82.1 inches. This means that for every complete revolution of the wheel, the car travels 82.1 inches (209 cm). If the
Corvette had larger tires, it would travel
3403:
4500:
In 1st gear, the engine makes 2.97 revolutions for every revolution of the transmission's output. In 4th gear, the gear ratio of 1:1 means that the engine and the transmission's output rotate at the same speed, referred to as the "direct drive" ratio. 5th and 6th gears are known as
4256:
A double reduction gear set comprises two pairs of gears, each individually single reductions, in series. In the diagram, the red and blue gears give the first stage of reduction and the orange and green gears give the second stage of reduction. The total reduction is the
3156:). The input gear will typically be connected to a power source, such as a motor or engine. In such an example, the output of torque and rotational speed from the output (driven) gear depend on the ratio of the dimensions of the two gears or the ratio of the tooth counts.
3753:
465:
of each tooth, measured through the pitch circle, is equal to the gap between neighboring teeth (also measured through the pitch circle) to ensure the teeth on adjacent gears, cut to the same tooth profile, can mesh without interference. This means the circular pitch
1872:
4323:
chain, is used on some automobiles for this purpose, while in others, the camshaft and crankshaft are coupled directly together through meshed gears. Regardless of which form of drive is employed, the crankshaft-to-camshaft gear ratio is always 2:1 on
3064:
3195:
Idler gears can also transmit rotation among distant shafts in situations where it would be impractical to simply make the distant gears larger to bring them together. Not only do larger gears occupy more space, the mass and rotational inertia
1412:
4382:
to and often provides additional speed reduction at the wheels. Moreover, the differential contains gearing that splits torque equally between the two wheels while permitting them to have different speeds when traveling in a curved path.
3114:
is one where the teeth counts are insufficiently prime. In this case, some particular gear teeth will come into contact with particular opposing gear teeth more times than others, resulting in more wear on some teeth than others.
2473:
3526:
4980:
more when shifting. Narrowing the gaps will increase acceleration at speed, and potentially improve top speed under certain conditions, but acceleration from a stopped position and operation in daily driving will suffer.
5001:
There is no optimal choice of transmission gear ratios or a final drive ratio for best performance at all speeds, as gear ratios are compromises, and not necessarily better than the original ratios for certain purposes.
1314:
4986:
is the torque multiplication difference between 1st and 4th gears; wider-ratio gear-sets have more, typically between 2.8 and 3.2. This is the single most important determinant of low-speed acceleration from stopped.
3234:
4530:
For example, it is possible to determine the distance the car will travel for one revolution of the engine by dividing the circumference of the tire by the combined gear ratio of the transmission and differential.
4240:, it can be removed from the calculation, also giving a ratio of 42/13≈3.23. The idler gear serves to make both the drive gear and the driven gear rotate in the same direction, but confers no mechanical advantage.
1627:
4693:
2462:
2205:
927:
2868:
2022:
4359:, which contains a number of different sets of gears that can be changed to allow a wide range of vehicle speeds while operating the ICE within a narrower range of speeds, optimizing efficiency, power, and
3110:, then any tooth on one of the gears will come into contact with every tooth on the other gear before encountering the same tooth again. This results in less wear and longer life of the mechanical parts. A
4197:
3983:
2384:
1701:
2027:
For this analysis, consider a gear train that has one degree of freedom, which means the angular rotation of all the gears in the gear train are defined by the angle of the input gear. The input torque
729:
4972:, and especially in race vehicles, where the engine is tuned for maximum power in a narrow range of operating speeds, and the driver or rider can be expected to shift often to keep the engine in its
3636:
1216:
4599:
2269:
781:
2688:
666:
4512:
make one revolution. The differential ratio multiplies with the transmission ratio, so in 1st gear, the engine makes 10.16 (= 2.97 × 3.42) revolutions for every revolution of the wheels.
4426:
As noted, the ICE itself is often equipped with a gear train to synchronize valve operation with crankshaft speed. Typically, the camshafts are driven by gearing, chain, or toothed belt.
3630:
440:
4523:
With the gear ratios of the transmission and differential and the size of the tires, it becomes possible to calculate the speed of the car for a particular gear at a particular engine
613:
1742:
4508:
The
Corvette above is equipped with a differential that has a final drive ratio (or axle ratio) of 3.42:1, meaning that for every 3.42 revolutions of the transmission's output, the
792:
1935:
2966:
4603:
It is also possible to determine a car's speed from the engine speed by multiplying the circumference of the tire by the engine speed and dividing by the combined gear ratio.
4296:. Alternatively, belts can have teeth in them also and be coupled to gear-like pulleys. Again, exact accounting of teeth and revolutions can be applied with these machines.
2896:
1543:
1077:
992:
1325:
91:
of engaging gears roll on each other without slipping, providing a smooth transmission of rotation from one gear to the next. Features of gears and gear trains include:
4070:
795:
Two meshing gears transmit rotational motion; note difference in rotational speeds is equal to the reciprocal of the ratio between the number of teeth on the two gears
4124:
3910:
2721:
2302:
2121:
1734:
1453:
835:
3880:
3849:
3805:
gear. It is not connected directly to either the motor or the output shaft and only transmits power between the input and output gears. There is a third gear (Gear
3556:
2958:
2927:
2779:
2748:
2084:
2053:
1104:
1050:
1019:
961:
516:
3228:, then the pitch circle of the intermediate gear rolls without slipping on both the pitch circles of the input and output gears. This yields the two relations
1500:
1127:
565:
542:
484:
463:
396:
376:
356:
293:
270:
244:
221:
4268:. If a single intermediate gear was used, the overall ratio would be simply that between the first and final gears, the intermediate gear would only act as an
4367:
instead use one or more electric traction motor(s) which generally have a broader range of operating speeds, they are typically equipped with a single-ratio
2620:{\displaystyle F_{\theta }=T_{A}{\frac {\partial \omega _{A}}{\partial \omega }}-T_{B}{\frac {\partial \omega _{B}}{\partial \omega }}=T_{A}-T_{B}/R_{AB}=0.}
246:
is the radius of the pitch circle. The distance between the rotational centerlines of two meshing gears is equal to the sum of their respective pitch radii.
4394:. The gear ratios in transmission and final drive are important because different gear ratios will change the characteristics of a vehicle's performance.
3809:) partially shown in the upper-right corner of the photo. Assuming that gear is connected to the machine's output shaft, it is the output or driven gear.
567:
is the reciprocal of this value. For any gear, the relationship between the number of teeth, diametral pitch or module, and pitch diameter is given by:
35:
57:(1580) showing a toothed wheel that engages a slotted cylinder to form a gear train that transmits power from a human-powered treadmill to mining pump.
3430:
1227:
3797:, in the lower right corner) is connected to the motor, which makes it the drive gear or input gear. The somewhat larger gear in the middle (Gear
3398:{\displaystyle {\frac {|\omega _{A}|}{|\omega _{I}|}}={\frac {N_{I}}{N_{A}}},\quad {\frac {|\omega _{I}|}{|\omega _{B}|}}={\frac {N_{B}}{N_{I}}}.}
1632:
This equation can be rearranged to show the ratio of the pitch circle radii of two meshing gears is equal to the ratio of their number of teeth:
1548:
4608:
2395:
47:
4520:
farther with each revolution of the wheel, which would be like a higher gear. If the car had smaller tires, it would be like a lower gear.
2129:
851:
2805:
2304:
of the gear train can be rearranged to give the magnitude of angular velocity of the output gear in terms of the input gear velocity.
1963:
2467:
The principle of virtual work states the input force on gear A and the output force on gear B using applied torques will sum to zero:
807:, can be computed from the ratio of the pitch radii or the ratio of the number of teeth on each gear. Define the angular speed ratio
4132:
3918:
3090:
the input torque; in other words, when the input gear rotates slower than the output gear, the gear train reduces the input torque.
2310:
1638:
2218:
of the input gear completely determines the angle of the output gear and serves as the generalized coordinate of the gear train.
3820:, the gear ratio between the idler and the input gear can be calculated as if the idler gear was the output gear. The input gear
3748:{\displaystyle =\left({\frac {N_{I}}{N_{A}}}\right)\cdot \left({\frac {N_{B}}{N_{I}}}\right)=\left({\frac {N_{B}}{N_{A}}}\right)}
677:
1135:
4536:
3768:
engage directly. The intermediate gear provides spacing but does not affect the gear ratio. For this reason it is called an
3172:
in the middle which does not affect the overall gear ratio but reverses the direction of rotation of the gear on the right.
4922:
2224:
2214:
can be used to analyze the static equilibrium of the gear train. Because there is a single degree of freedom, the angle
740:
5463:
5047:
4894:
1878:
272:
is the distance, measured along the pitch circle, between one tooth and the corresponding point on an adjacent tooth.
5605:
5134:
4941:
4839:
4821:
176:, each illustrated with broken blue lines; the gear on the left has 10 teeth and the gear on the right has 15 teeth.
5443:
4375:
2636:
624:
4901:
3564:
5302:
1867:{\displaystyle R_{AB}\equiv {\frac {|\omega _{A}|}{|\omega _{B}|}}={\frac {r_{B}}{r_{A}}}={\frac {N_{B}}{N_{A}}}}
404:
5245:
3184:
gear. Sometimes, a single idler gear is used to reverse the direction, in which case it may be referred to as a
2210:
Assuming the gears are rigid and there are no losses in the engagement of the gear teeth, then the principle of
4879:
4806:
1736:
depends on the ratio of pitch circle radii, it is equivalently determined by the ratio of the number of teeth:
573:
17:
5213:
5118:
1482:
must have compatible teeth. Given the same tooth and gap widths, they also must have the same circular pitch
1129:
of the tangent point where the two pitch circles come in contact is the same on both gears, and is given by:
88:
4908:
4205:
The final gear ratio of the compound system is 1.62×2≈3.23. For every 3.23 revolutions of the smallest gear
3059:{\displaystyle \mathrm {MA} =R_{AB}=\left|{\frac {\omega _{A}}{\omega _{B}}}\right|={\frac {N_{B}}{N_{A}}}}
1937:
of the gear train is defined as the ratio of its output torque to its input torque. Using the principle of
1903:
4875:
1221:
Rearranging, the ratio of angular velocity magnitudes is the inverse of the ratio of pitch circle radii:
3408:
The speed ratio of the overall gear train is obtained by multiplying these two equations for each pair (
4890:
4416:. The crankshaft gear has 34 teeth, the camshaft gear has 68 teeth and runs at half the crankshaft RPM.
4352:
2799:; as demonstrated, the gear ratio and speed ratio of a gear train also give its mechanical advantage.
5195:
4315:
open and close at the top of each cylinder at exactly the right time relative to the movement of each
223:
is the diameter of a gear's pitch circle, measured through that gear's rotational centerline, and the
5584:
4436:
1945:
ratio is equal to the gear ratio, or speed ratio, of the gear train. Again, assume we have two gears
5175:
4955:
4356:
2876:
1407:{\displaystyle R_{AB}\equiv \left|{\frac {\omega _{A}}{\omega _{B}}}\right|={\frac {r_{B}}{r_{A}}}}
5438:
5017:
4868:
4817:
1508:
1055:
970:
1474:
In addition, consider that in order to mesh smoothly and turn without slipping, these two gears
5027:
4524:
4300:
141:
4328:, which means that for every two revolutions of the crankshaft the camshaft will rotate once.
4042:
4505:
gears, in which the output of the transmission is revolving faster than the engine's output.
4502:
4405:
4258:
3997:
137:
5173:
5123:
4099:
3885:
2696:
2277:
2096:
1709:
1428:
810:
5506:
5012:
3858:
3827:
3534:
3106:
on each gear in an interfacing pair. Since the number of teeth on each gear have no common
2936:
2905:
2795:
2757:
2726:
2062:
2031:
1082:
1028:
997:
939:
100:
492:
8:
5350:
5345:
5295:
5032:
4440:
3189:
358:
of a gear can be defined as the circumference of the pitch circle using its pitch radius
136:
The transmission of rotation between contacting toothed wheels can be traced back to the
5129:(Fifth ed.). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. pp. 527–584.
4915:
5574:
5152:
4325:
3204:
of its radius. Instead of idler gears, a toothed belt or chain can be used to transmit
1485:
1112:
550:
527:
469:
448:
381:
361:
341:
278:
255:
229:
206:
1319:
Therefore, the angular speed ratio can be determined from the respective pitch radii:
544:
is the number of teeth on a gear divided by the pitch diameter; for SI countries, the
5564:
5391:
5360:
5340:
5130:
5037:
3197:
145:
125:
114:
107:
77:
54:
4813:
3786:
5401:
4364:
4264:
It is essential to have two coupled gears, of different sizes, on the intermediate
3201:
3180:
An intermediate gear which does not drive a shaft to perform any work is called an
964:
5270:
5179:
734:
Rearranging, we obtain a relationship between diametral pitch and circular pitch:
5458:
5355:
5335:
4320:
4303:, is used in some internal combustion engines to synchronize the movement of the
4222:
190:
169:
129:
73:
3521:{\displaystyle R={\frac {|\omega _{A}|}{|\omega _{B}|}}={\frac {N_{B}}{N_{A}}}.}
5610:
5468:
5288:
4698:
4368:
3760:
Notice that this gear ratio is exactly the same as for the case when the gears
4284:
Bicycle with toothed belt drive to transmit torque from crank to rear sprocket
3988:
This is approximately 1.62 or 1.62:1. At this ratio, it means the drive gear (
3192:
engages reverse gear by means of inserting a reverse idler between two gears.
3128:
5599:
5448:
5417:
4419:
3107:
1425:
has a pitch circle radius of 2 in (51 mm), the angular speed ratio
1309:{\displaystyle {\frac {|\omega _{A}|}{|\omega _{B}|}}={\frac {r_{B}}{r_{A}}}}
149:
5422:
5053:
4401:
4312:
3103:
2211:
1938:
4336:
4288:
Special gears called sprockets can be coupled together with chains, as on
295:
per gear is an integer determined by the pitch circle and circular pitch.
5569:
5529:
4379:
3802:
121:
4697:
Note that the answer is in inches per minute, which can be converted to
4272:: it would reverse the direction of rotation, but not change the ratio.
1109:
When these two gears are meshed and turn without slipping, the velocity
160:
5549:
5496:
5386:
5381:
5330:
5022:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4409:
4387:
4345:
4308:
4293:
4280:
4269:
4213:
turns one revolution, or for every one revolution of the smallest gear
3169:
1622:{\displaystyle {\frac {2\pi r_{A}}{N_{A}}}={\frac {2\pi r_{B}}{N_{B}}}}
303:
4688:{\displaystyle v_{c}={\frac {c_{t}\times v_{e}}{gr_{t}\times gr_{d}}}}
4386:
The transmission and final drive might be separate and connected by a
4072:
teeth. Now consider the gear ratio for the subset consisting of gears
3181:
3164:
2457:{\displaystyle \omega _{A}=\omega ,\quad \omega _{B}=\omega /R_{AB}\!}
845:
as the ratio of the magnitude of their respective angular velocities:
5579:
5559:
5554:
5376:
5325:
5237:
5174:
Standards and
Curriculum Division, Bureau of Naval Personnel (1946).
5073:
Army
Service Corps Training on Mechanical Transport, (1911), Fig. 112
5041:
4391:
194:
165:
152:
yielded a standard gear design that provides a constant speed ratio.
99:
of the pitch circles of mating gears defines the speed ratio and the
4857:
4824:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4397:
3558:
cancels out when the gear ratios of the two subsets are multiplied:
197:
mesh together when their pitch circles are tangent, as illustrated.
5521:
5511:
5501:
5396:
4413:
4304:
4265:
4261:
of the first stage of reduction and the second stage of reduction.
2200:{\displaystyle R_{AB}\equiv {\frac {|\omega _{A}|}{|\omega _{B}|}}}
922:{\displaystyle R_{AB}\equiv {\frac {|\omega _{A}|}{|\omega _{B}|}}}
148:
show gear trains with cylindrical teeth. The implementation of the
5275:
4225:
of about 1:3.23 (Gear
Reduction Ratio (GRR) = 1/Gear Ratio (GR)).
1881:
to the radius of the pitch circle and the number of teeth of gear
791:
4348:
generally have two or more major areas where gear sets are used.
4289:
3216:
If a simple gear train has three gears, such that the input gear
2863:{\displaystyle \mathrm {MA} \equiv {\frac {T_{B}}{T_{A}}}=R_{AB}}
2017:{\displaystyle {\mathrm {TR} }_{AB}\equiv {\frac {T_{B}}{T_{A}}}}
5082:
4248:
41:
Transmission of motion and force by gear wheels, compound train.
5491:
5276:
Online
Motorcycle gear train calculator at Gearingcommander.com
5184:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 65–79.
4374:
The second common gear set in almost all motor vehicles is the
4360:
4316:
3205:
1942:
4192:{\displaystyle R_{IB}={\frac {N_{B}}{N_{I}}}={\frac {42}{21}}}
3978:{\displaystyle R_{AI}={\frac {N_{I}}{N_{A}}}={\frac {21}{13}}}
3781:
4509:
3102:
is a set of gears where the gear teeth counts are relatively
2379:{\displaystyle |\omega _{B}|={\frac {|\omega _{A}|}{R_{AB}}}}
1696:{\displaystyle {\frac {r_{B}}{r_{A}}}={\frac {N_{B}}{N_{A}}}}
1421:
has a pitch circle radius of 1 in (25 mm) and gear
3789:
on a piece of farm equipment, with a ratio of 42/13 = 3.23:1
5311:
4516:
4340:
Cutaway illustration of gears of an automotive transmission
3081:
the input torque. In this case, the gear train is called a
1897:
The gear ratio also determines the transmitted torque. The
1892:
81:
4785:
724:{\displaystyle {\frac {N}{P}}=N\cdot m={\frac {Np}{\pi }}}
4088:
serving as the output. The gear ratio between the idler (
932:
Here, subscripts are used to designate the gear, so gear
618:
Since the pitch diameter is related to circular pitch as
5280:
3136:
The simplest example of a gear train has two gears. The
2059:
is transformed by the gear train into the output torque
1885:, and directly proportional to the same values for gear
1211:{\displaystyle v=|r_{A}\omega _{A}|=|r_{B}\omega _{B}|}
113:
It is possible to design gear teeth for gears that are
4594:{\displaystyle d={\frac {c_{t}}{gr_{t}\times gr_{d}}}}
3992:) must make 1.62 revolutions to turn the output gear (
2793:
The torque ratio of a gear train is also known as its
2723:
is the gear ratio of the gear train, the input torque
307:
Spur gear tooth dimensions and how they are measured:
4611:
4539:
4355:(ICE) vehicles, gearing is typically employed in the
4135:
4102:
4045:
3921:
3888:
3861:
3830:
3639:
3567:
3537:
3433:
3237:
2969:
2939:
2908:
2879:
2808:
2760:
2729:
2699:
2639:
2476:
2398:
2313:
2280:
2227:
2132:
2099:
2065:
2034:
1966:
1906:
1745:
1712:
1641:
1551:
1511:
1488:
1431:
1328:
1230:
1138:
1115:
1085:
1058:
1031:
1000:
973:
942:
854:
813:
743:
680:
627:
576:
553:
530:
495:
472:
451:
407:
384:
364:
344:
281:
258:
232:
209:
144:
5117:
Shigley, Joseph Edward; Mischke, Charles R. (1989).
5083:
Uicker, J. J.; G. R. Pennock; J. E. Shigley (2003).
3093:
2898:
of a pair of meshing gears for which the input gear
193:
contact between two meshing gears; for example, two
84:
on a frame such that the teeth of the gears engage.
4964:Close-ratio transmissions are generally offered in
4882:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4390:, or they might be combined into one unit called a
5151:
5122:
4687:
4593:
4191:
4118:
4064:
3977:
3904:
3874:
3843:
3747:
3624:
3550:
3520:
3397:
3058:
2952:
2921:
2890:
2862:
2773:
2742:
2715:
2682:
2619:
2456:
2378:
2296:
2264:{\displaystyle {\frac {d\theta }{dt}}=\omega _{A}}
2263:
2199:
2115:
2078:
2047:
2016:
1929:
1866:
1728:
1695:
1621:
1537:
1494:
1447:
1406:
1308:
1210:
1121:
1098:
1071:
1044:
1013:
986:
955:
921:
829:
776:{\displaystyle P={\frac {1}{m}}={\frac {\pi }{p}}}
775:
723:
660:
607:
559:
536:
510:
478:
457:
434:
390:
370:
350:
287:
264:
238:
215:
110:provides high gear reduction in a compact package.
2453:
2389:Rewriting in terms of a common angular velocity,
1953:, with subscripts designating each gear and gear
128:are computed in the same way as gear ratios. See
5597:
3531:This is because the number of idler gear teeth
5238:"TechZone Article: Wide and Close Gear Ratios"
5116:
1455:is 2, which is sometimes written as 2:1. Gear
5296:
5188:
3882:). Therefore, the gear ratio for this subset
3793:In the photo, assume the smallest gear (Gear
3123:
2785:are related by the same gear or speed ratio.
2683:{\displaystyle R_{AB}={\frac {T_{B}}{T_{A}}}}
661:{\displaystyle d\equiv 2r={\frac {Np}{\pi }}}
4418:(The small gear in the lower left is on the
3625:{\displaystyle R_{final}=R_{AI}\cdot R_{IB}}
486:is equal to twice the thickness of a tooth,
27:Mechanical transmission using multiple gears
5154:Kinematics and Dynamics of Planar Machinery
4299:For example, a belt with teeth, called the
3224:which in turn meshes with the output gear
435:{\displaystyle p\equiv {\frac {2\pi r}{N}}}
5303:
5289:
5235:
4331:
1025:which has corresponding values for radius
5112:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5094:
4942:Learn how and when to remove this message
4840:Learn how and when to remove this message
4028:, or 0.62, revolutions. The larger gear (
3996:) once. It also means that for every one
608:{\displaystyle d={\frac {N}{P}}=N\cdot m}
313:= tooth thickness, along the pitch circle
4396:
4335:
4279:
4275:
4247:
4243:
4232:contacts directly both the smaller gear
4221:turns 0.31 (1/3.23) revolution, a total
3780:
3163:
3127:
1893:Torque ratio analysis using virtual work
1463:. For every complete revolution of gear
790:
319:= circular pitch, along the pitch circle
302:
159:
5224:Formula: divide the speed value by 1056
5169:
5167:
5165:
4786:Wide-ratio vs. close-ratio transmission
3188:. For instance, the typical automobile
3132:Two meshed spur gears, with a 2:1 ratio
2788:
2123:be the speed ratio, then by definition
334:In this example, the gear has 20 teeth.
180:
14:
5598:
5091:
3824:in this two-gear subset has 13 teeth (
786:
87:Gear teeth are designed to ensure the
5284:
189:of a given gear is determined by the
117:, yet still transmit torque smoothly.
5176:"6: Gears, a topic with teeth in it"
5162:
5149:
5087:. New York: Oxford University Press.
4880:adding citations to reliable sources
4851:
4789:
4084:serving as the input and third gear
1930:{\displaystyle {\mathrm {TR} }_{AB}}
1877:In other words, the speed ratio is
5248:from the original on 30 August 2012
3200:) of a gear is proportional to the
3073:has more teeth than the input gear
3069:This shows that if the output gear
24:
5464:Continuously variable transmission
5196:"Why choose ring and pinion gears"
5048:Continuously variable transmission
3118:
2974:
2971:
2884:
2881:
2813:
2810:
2558:
2543:
2518:
2503:
1973:
1970:
1913:
1910:
25:
5622:
5264:
5085:Theory of Machines and Mechanisms
3220:meshes with an intermediate gear
3094:Hunting and non-hunting gear sets
1459:turns at twice the speed of gear
799:For a pair of meshing gears, the
4856:
4794:
1471:makes half a revolution (180°).
298:
46:
34:
5214:"Google: convert in/min to mph"
4867:needs additional citations for
4779:40.1 mph (64.5 km/h)
4768:26.8 mph (43.1 km/h)
4757:22.5 mph (36.2 km/h)
4746:15.7 mph (25.3 km/h)
4735:10.9 mph (17.5 km/h)
4035:The third gear in the picture (
3316:
2418:
378:divided by the number of teeth
80:formed by mounting two or more
5229:
5206:
5143:
5076:
5067:
4724:7.6 mph (12.2 km/h)
4710:Distance per engine revolution
3481:
3466:
3459:
3444:
3358:
3343:
3336:
3321:
3279:
3264:
3257:
3242:
3159:
2356:
2341:
2330:
2315:
2190:
2175:
2168:
2153:
1803:
1788:
1781:
1766:
1706:Since the angular speed ratio
1272:
1257:
1250:
1235:
1204:
1179:
1171:
1146:
1021:teeth, which meshes with gear
912:
897:
890:
875:
13:
1:
5341:Epicyclic (planetary) gearing
5271:Gear ratio at How Stuff Works
5125:Mechanical Engineering Design
5060:
2891:{\displaystyle \mathrm {MA} }
155:
4776:42.4 in (1,080 mm)
4429:
4412:, the larger gear is on the
7:
5005:
4820:the claims made and adding
4703:
4433:
4408:— the small gear is on the
2630:This can be rearranged to:
2086:exerted by the output gear
1957:serving as the input gear.
1538:{\displaystyle p_{A}=p_{B}}
1072:{\displaystyle \omega _{B}}
987:{\displaystyle \omega _{A}}
10:
5627:
4953:
4765:28.3 in (720 mm)
4754:23.7 in (600 mm)
4743:16.6 in (420 mm)
4732:11.5 in (290 mm)
4353:internal combustion engine
3776:
3211:
3124:Gear trains with two gears
2929:teeth and the output gear
2750:applied to the input gear
521:In the United States, the
5585:Spur gear corrected tooth
5542:
5520:
5484:
5477:
5431:
5410:
5369:
5318:
5310:
5236:Cangialosi, Paul (2001).
4437:Chevrolet Corvette C5 Z06
3148:) transmits power to the
2873:The mechanical advantage
2055:acting on the input gear
5606:Mechanisms (engineering)
4956:Close-ratio transmission
4065:{\displaystyle N_{B}=42}
5200:amtechinternational.com
5018:Mechanism (engineering)
4721:8 in (200 mm)
4332:Automotive applications
3812:Considering only gears
5028:Wheel train (horology)
4701:by dividing by 1056.
4689:
4595:
4423:
4341:
4285:
4253:
4252:Double reduction gears
4193:
4120:
4119:{\displaystyle R_{IB}}
4080:, with the idler gear
4066:
3979:
3906:
3905:{\displaystyle R_{AI}}
3876:
3845:
3790:
3749:
3626:
3552:
3522:
3399:
3173:
3133:
3077:, then the gear train
3060:
2954:
2923:
2892:
2864:
2775:
2754:and the output torque
2744:
2717:
2716:{\displaystyle R_{AB}}
2684:
2621:
2458:
2380:
2298:
2297:{\displaystyle R_{AB}}
2265:
2201:
2117:
2116:{\displaystyle R_{AB}}
2080:
2049:
2018:
1931:
1879:inversely proportional
1868:
1730:
1729:{\displaystyle R_{AB}}
1697:
1623:
1539:
1496:
1449:
1448:{\displaystyle R_{AB}}
1408:
1310:
1212:
1123:
1100:
1073:
1046:
1015:
988:
957:
923:
831:
830:{\displaystyle R_{AB}}
796:
777:
725:
662:
609:
561:
538:
512:
480:
459:
436:
392:
372:
352:
335:
289:
266:
240:
217:
177:
142:south-pointing chariot
5150:Paul, Burton (1979).
5119:"13: Gearing—General"
4690:
4596:
4406:Ford Taunus V4 engine
4400:
4378:, which contains the
4339:
4283:
4276:Belt and chain drives
4251:
4244:Double reduction gear
4228:Since the idler gear
4194:
4121:
4067:
3980:
3907:
3877:
3875:{\displaystyle N_{I}}
3851:) and the idler gear
3846:
3844:{\displaystyle N_{A}}
3784:
3750:
3627:
3553:
3551:{\displaystyle N_{I}}
3523:
3400:
3167:
3131:
3061:
2955:
2953:{\displaystyle N_{B}}
2924:
2922:{\displaystyle N_{A}}
2893:
2865:
2776:
2774:{\displaystyle T_{B}}
2745:
2743:{\displaystyle T_{A}}
2718:
2685:
2622:
2459:
2381:
2299:
2266:
2202:
2118:
2081:
2079:{\displaystyle T_{B}}
2050:
2048:{\displaystyle T_{A}}
2019:
1932:
1869:
1731:
1698:
1624:
1540:
1497:
1450:
1417:For example, if gear
1409:
1311:
1213:
1124:
1101:
1099:{\displaystyle N_{B}}
1074:
1047:
1045:{\displaystyle r_{B}}
1016:
1014:{\displaystyle N_{A}}
989:
958:
956:{\displaystyle r_{A}}
924:
832:
794:
778:
726:
663:
610:
562:
539:
513:
481:
460:
437:
393:
373:
353:
306:
290:
267:
241:
218:
163:
138:Antikythera mechanism
5507:Shaft-driven bicycle
5044:reduction gear boxes
5013:Machine (mechanical)
4876:improve this article
4609:
4537:
4319:. A chain, called a
4236:and the larger gear
4133:
4100:
4043:
4004:), the output gear (
3919:
3886:
3859:
3828:
3637:
3565:
3535:
3431:
3235:
3112:non-hunting gear set
2967:
2937:
2906:
2877:
2806:
2796:mechanical advantage
2789:Mechanical advantage
2758:
2727:
2697:
2637:
2474:
2396:
2311:
2278:
2225:
2130:
2097:
2063:
2032:
1964:
1904:
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1509:
1486:
1429:
1326:
1228:
1136:
1113:
1083:
1056:
1029:
998:
971:
940:
852:
837:of two meshed gears
811:
803:, also known as the
741:
678:
625:
574:
551:
528:
511:{\displaystyle p=2t}
493:
470:
449:
405:
382:
362:
342:
331:= dedendum, radially
325:= addendum, radially
279:
275:The number of teeth
256:
230:
207:
181:Dimensions and terms
120:The speed ratios of
108:planetary gear train
101:mechanical advantage
5346:Sun and planet gear
5033:Outline of machines
4713:Speed per 1000 RPM
4443:
4441:manual transmission
4326:four-stroke engines
4217:, the largest gear
4209:, the largest gear
3190:manual transmission
3168:Gear train with an
3152:(also known as the
3140:(also known as the
2781:on the output gear
1941:, the gear train's
1052:, angular velocity
801:angular speed ratio
787:Gear or speed ratio
338:The circular pitch
5575:Gear manufacturing
5411:Geartooth profiles
5202:. 5 December 2023.
4805:possibly contains
4685:
4591:
4434:
4424:
4404:timing gears on a
4342:
4286:
4254:
4189:
4116:
4092:) and third gear (
4062:
3975:
3902:
3872:
3841:
3791:
3745:
3622:
3548:
3518:
3395:
3174:
3134:
3056:
2960:teeth is given by
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2014:
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388:
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336:
285:
262:
236:
213:
178:
140:of Greece and the
5593:
5592:
5538:
5537:
5361:Non-circular gear
5326:Spur gear systems
5038:Epicyclic gearing
4952:
4951:
4944:
4926:
4850:
4849:
4842:
4807:original research
4783:
4782:
4683:
4589:
4498:
4497:
4365:electric vehicles
4307:with that of the
4187:
4174:
3973:
3960:
3739:
3704:
3669:
3513:
3486:
3390:
3363:
3311:
3284:
3198:moment of inertia
3054:
3023:
2842:
2678:
2565:
2525:
2374:
2246:
2195:
2012:
1862:
1835:
1808:
1691:
1664:
1617:
1582:
1545:or, equivalently
1495:{\displaystyle p}
1402:
1371:
1304:
1277:
1122:{\displaystyle v}
917:
771:
758:
719:
689:
656:
591:
560:{\displaystyle m}
537:{\displaystyle P}
479:{\displaystyle p}
458:{\displaystyle t}
430:
391:{\displaystyle N}
371:{\displaystyle r}
351:{\displaystyle p}
288:{\displaystyle N}
265:{\displaystyle p}
239:{\displaystyle r}
216:{\displaystyle d}
146:Georgius Agricola
78:mechanical system
55:Georgius Agricola
16:(Redirected from
5618:
5482:
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5220:
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5204:
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5160:
5159:
5158:. Prentice Hall.
5157:
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4822:inline citations
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4032:) turns slower.
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3177:the final gear.
3100:hunting gear set
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439:
438:
433:
431:
426:
415:
397:
395:
394:
389:
377:
375:
374:
369:
357:
355:
354:
349:
294:
292:
291:
286:
271:
269:
268:
263:
245:
243:
242:
237:
222:
220:
219:
214:
103:of the gear set.
53:Illustration by
50:
38:
21:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5534:
5516:
5473:
5459:Bicycle gearing
5427:
5406:
5365:
5356:Cycloidal drive
5336:Rack and pinion
5314:
5309:
5267:
5262:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5244:. Medatronics.
5234:
5230:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5172:
5163:
5148:
5144:
5137:
5115:
5092:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5008:
4958:
4948:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4885:
4883:
4873:
4861:
4846:
4835:
4829:
4826:
4811:
4799:
4795:
4788:
4676:
4672:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4641:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4582:
4578:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4548:
4546:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4432:
4417:
4334:
4278:
4246:
4179:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4000:of the driver (
3965:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3801:) is called an
3785:2 gears and an
3779:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3613:
3609:
3597:
3593:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3480:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3278:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3214:
3208:over distance.
3162:
3126:
3121:
3119:Implementations
3096:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2985:
2981:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2851:
2847:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2791:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2574:
2570:
2557:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2517:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2423:
2419:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2255:
2251:
2238:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2189:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1005:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
978:
974:
972:
969:
968:
947:
943:
941:
938:
937:
911:
905:
901:
896:
895:
889:
883:
879:
874:
873:
871:
859:
855:
853:
850:
849:
818:
814:
812:
809:
808:
789:
763:
750:
742:
739:
738:
708:
706:
681:
679:
676:
675:
645:
643:
626:
623:
622:
583:
575:
572:
571:
552:
549:
548:
529:
526:
525:
523:diametral pitch
494:
491:
490:
471:
468:
467:
450:
447:
446:
416:
414:
406:
403:
402:
383:
380:
379:
363:
360:
359:
343:
340:
339:
301:
280:
277:
276:
257:
254:
253:
231:
228:
227:
208:
205:
204:
183:
170:tangent contact
158:
130:bicycle gearing
74:machine element
62:
61:
60:
59:
58:
51:
43:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5624:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5486:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5351:Harmonic drive
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5308:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5266:
5265:External links
5263:
5260:
5259:
5228:
5205:
5187:
5181:Basic Machines
5161:
5142:
5135:
5090:
5075:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5045:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5004:
4954:Main article:
4950:
4949:
4864:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4847:
4802:
4800:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4631:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4431:
4428:
4369:reduction gear
4333:
4330:
4311:, so that the
4277:
4274:
4245:
4242:
4200:
4199:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4049:
3986:
3985:
3972:
3969:
3964:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3869:
3865:
3855:has 21 teeth (
3838:
3834:
3778:
3775:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3743:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3545:
3541:
3529:
3528:
3517:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3439:
3436:
3406:
3405:
3394:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3360:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3338:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3315:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3281:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3213:
3210:
3161:
3158:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3095:
3092:
3067:
3066:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2947:
2943:
2916:
2912:
2886:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2790:
2787:
2768:
2764:
2737:
2733:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2691:
2690:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2465:
2464:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2387:
2386:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2272:
2271:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2208:
2207:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2073:
2069:
2042:
2038:
2025:
2024:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1894:
1891:
1875:
1874:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1630:
1629:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1502:, which means
1491:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1415:
1414:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1317:
1316:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1219:
1218:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1118:
1093:
1089:
1066:
1062:
1039:
1035:
1008:
1004:
981:
977:
950:
946:
930:
929:
914:
908:
904:
899:
892:
886:
882:
877:
870:
865:
862:
858:
824:
821:
817:
788:
785:
784:
783:
770:
767:
762:
757:
754:
749:
746:
732:
731:
718:
714:
711:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
688:
685:
669:
668:
655:
651:
648:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
616:
615:
604:
601:
598:
595:
590:
587:
582:
579:
556:
533:
519:
518:
507:
504:
501:
498:
475:
454:
445:The thickness
443:
442:
429:
425:
422:
419:
413:
410:
387:
367:
347:
333:
332:
326:
320:
314:
300:
297:
284:
261:
251:circular pitch
235:
212:
202:pitch diameter
182:
179:
172:between their
157:
154:
150:involute tooth
134:
133:
118:
111:
104:
52:
45:
44:
40:
33:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
18:Reduction gear
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5623:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5306:
5301:
5299:
5294:
5292:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5215:
5209:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5156:
5155:
5146:
5138:
5136:0-07-056899-5
5132:
5127:
5126:
5120:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5086:
5079:
5070:
5066:
5055:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:- related to
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
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4999:
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4988:
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4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893: –
4892:
4888:
4887:Find sources:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4865:This article
4863:
4859:
4854:
4853:
4844:
4841:
4833:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4803:This section
4801:
4792:
4791:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4771:
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4761:
4760:
4756:
4753:
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4464:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4427:
4421:
4420:balance shaft
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4371:set instead.
4370:
4366:
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4349:
4347:
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3269:
3251:
3247:
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3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:reverse idler
3183:
3178:
3171:
3166:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3130:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3083:speed reducer
3080:
3076:
3072:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3004:
2998:
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2800:
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2256:
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2184:
2180:
2162:
2158:
2146:
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2134:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2040:
2036:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1922:
1919:
1900:
1890:
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1884:
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1857:
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1522:
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1513:
1505:
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1503:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1467:(360°), gear
1466:
1462:
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1437:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1397:
1393:
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979:
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935:
906:
902:
884:
880:
868:
863:
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856:
848:
847:
846:
844:
840:
822:
819:
815:
806:
802:
793:
768:
765:
760:
755:
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747:
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737:
736:
735:
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712:
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703:
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694:
691:
686:
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674:
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672:
653:
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631:
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621:
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619:
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400:
399:
385:
365:
345:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
305:
299:Relationships
296:
282:
273:
259:
252:
247:
233:
226:
210:
203:
198:
196:
192:
191:tangent point
188:
175:
174:pitch circles
171:
167:
162:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
93:
92:
90:
89:pitch circles
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
56:
49:
37:
19:
5453:
5444:Differential
5439:Transmission
5392:Spiral bevel
5250:. Retrieved
5241:
5231:
5223:
5217:. Retrieved
5208:
5199:
5190:
5180:
5153:
5145:
5124:
5084:
5078:
5069:
5054:Virtual work
5000:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4963:
4959:
4938:
4929:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:"Gear train"
4886:
4874:Please help
4869:verification
4866:
4836:
4827:
4804:
4696:
4605:
4602:
4533:
4529:
4522:
4514:
4507:
4499:
4439:, six-speed
4425:
4385:
4376:differential
4373:
4357:transmission
4350:
4343:
4298:
4287:
4263:
4255:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4036:
4034:
4029:
4005:
4001:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3852:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3773:idler gear.
3769:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3530:
3424:) to obtain
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3194:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3111:
3099:
3097:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3068:
2930:
2899:
2872:
2794:
2792:
2782:
2751:
2692:
2629:
2466:
2388:
2273:
2215:
2212:virtual work
2209:
2092:
2087:
2056:
2026:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:virtual work
1899:torque ratio
1898:
1896:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1705:
1631:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1318:
1220:
1108:
1022:
933:
931:
842:
838:
804:
800:
798:
733:
670:
617:
545:
522:
520:
444:
337:
328:
322:
316:
310:
274:
250:
248:
225:pitch radius
224:
201:
199:
187:pitch circle
186:
184:
173:
135:
115:non-circular
96:
86:
69:
65:
63:
5570:Chain drive
5530:Wheel train
5402:Herringbone
5242:5speeds.com
4991:Progression
4970:sport bikes
4966:sports cars
4380:final drive
4346:powertrains
4344:Automobile
4301:timing belt
4294:motorcycles
4008:) has made
3160:Idler gears
3154:driven gear
3150:output gear
671:this means
164:Two meshed
126:belt drives
5600:Categories
5565:Belt drive
5550:Ball screw
5497:Derailleur
5331:Worm drive
5252:28 October
5219:2018-11-24
5061:References
5023:Powertrain
4974:power band
4932:April 2011
4902:newspapers
4830:April 2009
4814:improve it
4515:The car's
4410:crankshaft
4388:driveshaft
4363:. Because
4309:crankshaft
4270:idler gear
3998:revolution
3787:idler gear
3170:idler gear
3142:drive gear
3138:input gear
805:gear ratio
195:spur gears
166:spur gears
156:Gear ratio
97:gear ratio
66:gear train
5580:Freewheel
5560:Jackscrew
5555:Leadscrew
5432:Mechanics
5042:turboprop
4818:verifying
4667:×
4639:×
4573:×
4503:overdrive
4392:transaxle
4292:and some
4223:reduction
4126:is thus
3676:⋅
3607:⋅
3472:ω
3450:ω
3349:ω
3327:ω
3270:ω
3248:ω
3079:amplifies
3015:ω
3005:ω
2818:≡
2581:−
2562:ω
2559:∂
2548:ω
2544:∂
2528:−
2522:ω
2519:∂
2508:ω
2504:∂
2483:θ
2433:ω
2421:ω
2413:ω
2401:ω
2347:ω
2321:ω
2253:ω
2235:θ
2181:ω
2159:ω
2147:≡
1988:≡
1794:ω
1772:ω
1760:≡
1594:π
1559:π
1363:ω
1353:ω
1343:≡
1263:ω
1241:ω
1195:ω
1162:ω
1061:ω
976:ω
903:ω
881:ω
869:≡
766:π
717:π
698:⋅
654:π
632:≡
600:⋅
421:π
412:≡
5543:See also
5522:Horology
5512:Sprocket
5502:Hub gear
5485:Bicycles
5478:Examples
5449:Coupling
5418:Involute
5246:Archived
5006:See also
4773:6th gear
4762:5th gear
4751:4th gear
4740:3rd gear
4729:2nd gear
4718:1st gear
4494:-3.38:1
4414:camshaft
4305:camshaft
4290:bicycles
4266:layshaft
4202:or 2:1.
168:showing
70:gear set
5423:Cycloid
5397:Helical
5319:Systems
4916:scholar
4812:Please
4430:Example
4259:product
4023:⁄
4013:⁄
3777:Example
3212:Formula
3108:factors
3088:reduces
1106:teeth.
5492:Cogset
5469:Offset
5370:Shapes
5133:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4889:
4510:wheels
4491:0.56:1
4488:0.84:1
4485:1:00:1
4482:1.43:1
4479:2.07:1
4476:2.97:1
4473:Ratio
4361:torque
4321:timing
4317:piston
4313:valves
4039:) has
3206:torque
3202:square
3146:driver
3086:train
2693:Since
1943:torque
1079:, and
546:module
5611:Gears
5454:Train
5387:Crown
5382:Bevel
5312:Gears
5050:(CVT)
4984:Range
4923:JSTOR
4909:books
4517:tires
4447:Gear
4435:2004
4402:Valve
3803:idler
3770:idler
3182:idler
3104:prime
994:with
122:chain
82:gears
76:of a
72:is a
5377:Spur
5254:2012
5131:ISBN
4895:news
4707:Gear
4351:For
4076:and
4025:1.62
3912:is
3816:and
3764:and
3416:and
2933:has
2902:has
2093:Let
1949:and
1478:and
963:and
841:and
249:The
200:The
185:The
124:and
95:The
4878:by
4816:by
4699:mph
4525:RPM
3144:or
967:of
68:or
5602::
5240:.
5222:.
5198:.
5178:.
5164:^
5121:.
5093:^
4976:.
4968:,
4527:.
4468:R
4422:.)
4185:21
4182:42
4096:)
4060:42
4018:=
4015:21
4011:13
3971:13
3968:21
3098:A
2615:0.
2090:.
1889:.
398::
106:A
64:A
5304:e
5297:t
5290:v
5256:.
5139:.
4945:)
4939:(
4934:)
4930:(
4920:·
4913:·
4906:·
4899:·
4872:.
4843:)
4837:(
4832:)
4828:(
4810:.
4678:d
4674:r
4670:g
4662:t
4658:r
4654:g
4647:e
4643:v
4634:t
4630:c
4623:=
4618:c
4614:v
4584:d
4580:r
4576:g
4568:t
4564:r
4560:g
4554:t
4550:c
4544:=
4541:d
4465:6
4462:5
4459:4
4456:3
4453:2
4450:1
4238:B
4234:A
4230:I
4219:B
4215:A
4211:B
4207:A
4177:=
4170:I
4166:N
4160:B
4156:N
4150:=
4145:B
4142:I
4138:R
4112:B
4109:I
4105:R
4094:B
4090:I
4086:B
4082:I
4078:B
4074:I
4057:=
4052:B
4048:N
4037:B
4030:I
4021:1
4006:I
4002:A
3994:I
3990:A
3963:=
3956:A
3952:N
3946:I
3942:N
3936:=
3931:I
3928:A
3924:R
3898:I
3895:A
3891:R
3868:I
3864:N
3853:I
3837:A
3833:N
3822:A
3818:I
3814:A
3807:B
3799:I
3795:A
3766:B
3762:A
3742:)
3735:A
3731:N
3725:B
3721:N
3715:(
3711:=
3707:)
3700:I
3696:N
3690:B
3686:N
3680:(
3672:)
3665:A
3661:N
3655:I
3651:N
3645:(
3641:=
3618:B
3615:I
3611:R
3602:I
3599:A
3595:R
3591:=
3586:l
3583:a
3580:n
3577:i
3574:f
3570:R
3544:I
3540:N
3516:.
3509:A
3505:N
3499:B
3495:N
3489:=
3482:|
3476:B
3467:|
3460:|
3454:A
3445:|
3438:=
3435:R
3422:B
3420:/
3418:I
3414:I
3412:/
3410:A
3393:.
3386:I
3382:N
3376:B
3372:N
3366:=
3359:|
3353:B
3344:|
3337:|
3331:I
3322:|
3314:,
3307:A
3303:N
3297:I
3293:N
3287:=
3280:|
3274:I
3265:|
3258:|
3252:A
3243:|
3226:B
3222:I
3218:A
3196:(
3075:A
3071:B
3050:A
3046:N
3040:B
3036:N
3030:=
3026:|
3019:B
3009:A
2999:|
2995:=
2990:B
2987:A
2983:R
2979:=
2975:A
2972:M
2946:B
2942:N
2931:B
2915:A
2911:N
2900:A
2885:A
2882:M
2856:B
2853:A
2849:R
2845:=
2838:A
2834:T
2828:B
2824:T
2814:A
2811:M
2783:B
2767:B
2763:T
2752:A
2736:A
2732:T
2709:B
2706:A
2702:R
2674:A
2670:T
2664:B
2660:T
2654:=
2649:B
2646:A
2642:R
2612:=
2607:B
2604:A
2600:R
2595:/
2589:B
2585:T
2576:A
2572:T
2568:=
2552:B
2536:B
2532:T
2512:A
2496:A
2492:T
2488:=
2479:F
2449:B
2446:A
2442:R
2437:/
2430:=
2425:B
2416:,
2410:=
2405:A
2370:B
2367:A
2363:R
2357:|
2351:A
2342:|
2335:=
2331:|
2325:B
2316:|
2290:B
2287:A
2283:R
2257:A
2249:=
2243:t
2240:d
2232:d
2216:θ
2191:|
2185:B
2176:|
2169:|
2163:A
2154:|
2142:B
2139:A
2135:R
2109:B
2106:A
2102:R
2088:B
2072:B
2068:T
2057:A
2041:A
2037:T
2008:A
2004:T
1998:B
1994:T
1983:B
1980:A
1974:R
1971:T
1955:A
1951:B
1947:A
1923:B
1920:A
1914:R
1911:T
1887:B
1883:A
1858:A
1854:N
1848:B
1844:N
1838:=
1831:A
1827:r
1821:B
1817:r
1811:=
1804:|
1798:B
1789:|
1782:|
1776:A
1767:|
1755:B
1752:A
1748:R
1722:B
1719:A
1715:R
1687:A
1683:N
1677:B
1673:N
1667:=
1660:A
1656:r
1650:B
1646:r
1613:B
1609:N
1602:B
1598:r
1591:2
1585:=
1578:A
1574:N
1567:A
1563:r
1556:2
1531:B
1527:p
1523:=
1518:A
1514:p
1490:p
1480:B
1476:A
1469:B
1465:A
1461:B
1457:A
1441:B
1438:A
1434:R
1423:B
1419:A
1398:A
1394:r
1388:B
1384:r
1378:=
1374:|
1367:B
1357:A
1347:|
1338:B
1335:A
1331:R
1300:A
1296:r
1290:B
1286:r
1280:=
1273:|
1267:B
1258:|
1251:|
1245:A
1236:|
1205:|
1199:B
1189:B
1185:r
1180:|
1176:=
1172:|
1166:A
1156:A
1152:r
1147:|
1143:=
1140:v
1117:v
1092:B
1088:N
1065:B
1038:B
1034:r
1023:B
1007:A
1003:N
980:A
949:A
945:r
934:A
913:|
907:B
898:|
891:|
885:A
876:|
864:B
861:A
857:R
843:B
839:A
823:B
820:A
816:R
769:p
761:=
756:m
753:1
748:=
745:P
713:p
710:N
704:=
701:m
695:N
692:=
687:P
684:N
650:p
647:N
641:=
638:r
635:2
629:d
603:m
597:N
594:=
589:P
586:N
581:=
578:d
555:m
532:P
506:t
503:2
500:=
497:p
474:p
453:t
428:N
424:r
418:2
409:p
386:N
366:r
346:p
329:b
323:a
317:p
311:t
283:N
260:p
234:r
211:d
132:.
20:)
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