Referendums by country

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referendum cannot entail repeal of ‘the principle of wholeness of the Constitution of Latvia’ that ‘prohibits interpretation of separate norms of the Constitution of Latvia as isolated from the other Constitution of Latvia norms, because the Constitution of Latvia as a document, which is a cohesive whole, influences the contents and sense of the norm’; this means that at least the basic human rights and general principles of law listed in the Constitution of Latvia—such as the right of minorities to preserve and develop their language and their ethnic and cultural identity, the rights of a child, and the right to equality and non-discrimination, not to mention the principles of proportionality, legal certainty, and legitimate expectations —have to be honoured in the interpretation of all proposed amendments

4163: 5939: 4096:: Any federal law, certain other federal resolutions, and international treaties that are ongoing in nature, or any change to Swiss law may be subject to referendum if at least 50,000 people or eight cantons have petitioned to do so within 100 days. Within cantons and municipalities, the required number of people is smaller, and there may be additional causes for a facultative referendum, e.g., expenditures that exceed a certain amount of money. The facultative referendum is the most common type of referendum, and it is mostly carried out by political parties or by interest groups. 8117:, exactly what Crimea is doing now, was legitimate and did not require any permission from the country's central authorities. Pursuant to Article 2, Chapter 1 of the United Nations Charter, the UN International Court agreed with this approach and made the following comment in its ruling of July 22, 2010, and I quote: "No general prohibition may be inferred from the practice of the Security Council with regard to declarations of independence," and "General international law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence." Crystal clear, as they say. 6352: 1616: 455: 5869: 2027:

together with Arabic. The proposal would empower the prime minister with the authority to appoint government officials and to dissolve the parliament - the powers previously held by the king. However, the king would remain the military commander-in-chief and would retain his position as the chair of the Council of Ministers and the Supreme Security Council, the primary bodies responsible for the security policy. A new constitutional provision would also confirm the king's role as the highest religious authority in the country.

6413: 1754: 700: 5602:, from which projects relating to constitutional amendments, the State budget, national taxes, pension or health insurance contributions, customs duties and general rules on local taxes are also excluded, national and local electoral systems, international treaties, the dissolution of the National Assembly or local assemblies, the declaration of a state of war, a state of siege or a state of emergency, as well as the proclamation and extension of a state of preventive defence, military operations and amnesty laws. 563: 3030:, "people's request"), with Hesse and Bavaria also having a mandatory binding referendum on changes to the state constitution. Over the years all states have changed their constitutions to allow various types of statewide and local referendums. In all states, there is now a general right for referendums on statewide popular initiatives, which was used in Hamburg to push the state government to pass a law on a facultative binding state referendum in 2007. Most states have a form of non-binding ballot question ( 1848: 6001: 6133: 1320: 1894: 5736: 1086: 1664: 5972: 4332: 1230: 1708: 38: 5406: 6192: 8654: 360: 4113: 5798: 1134: 6500: 5215: 940: 984: 6318: 5341: 1522: 1186: 6274: 5375: 1474: 609: 4682: 5581: 5499: 5456: 5284: 892: 746: 657: 6450: 5248: 1428: 794: 511: 6232: 5694: 1802: 5898: 1274: 5120: 6043: 5837: 5656: 4072: 1570: 6091: 1382: 846: 5623: 1030: 4140:

different subjects. Referendums are also often combined with elections. Voter turnout is around 40% to 50%, unless there is an election or the subject of a referendum is of a critical nature. The decisions made in referendums tend to be conservative. Citizens' initiatives are usually not passed. The federal rule and referendums have been regularly used in Switzerland since its inauguration as a

1859: 1813: 1786: 1773: 1765: 1738: 1719: 1648: 1635: 1627: 1581: 1541: 1533: 1493: 1485: 1458: 1439: 1393: 1366: 1349: 1331: 1164: 1145: 1118: 1105: 1097: 1053: 1041: 1014: 995: 911: 903: 857: 824: 805: 778: 765: 757: 676: 668: 628: 620: 541: 522: 495: 466: 1924: 1913: 1905: 1878: 1867: 1832: 1821: 1727: 1694: 1683: 1675: 1600: 1589: 1554: 1506: 1447: 1412: 1401: 1337: 1304: 1293: 1285: 1260: 1249: 1241: 1216: 1205: 1197: 1170: 1153: 1066: 1003: 970: 959: 951: 924: 876: 865: 830: 813: 730: 719: 711: 641: 593: 582: 574: 547: 530: 480: 472: 5069:. A bill must first be passed by both houses of Parliament or, in certain limited circumstances, by only one house of Parliament, and is then submitted to a referendum. If a majority of those voting, as well as separate majorities in each of a majority of states (and where appropriate a majority of people in any affected state) vote in favor of the amendment, it is presented for 4108:. Citizen's initiatives at the federal level need to collect 100,000 valid signatures within 18 months, and must not contradict international laws or treaties. Often, parliament elaborates a counter-proposal to an initiative, leading to a multiple-choice referendum. Very few such initiatives pass the vote, but more often, the parliamentary counter proposal is approved. 4104:: There must be a referendum on any amendments to the constitution and on any joining of a multinational community or organization for collective security. In many municipalities, expenditures that exceed a certain amount of money also are subject to the obligatory referendum. Constitutional amendments are proposed by the parliament or by the cantons or by 4293:. The Mejlis Deputy Chairman Akhtem Chiygoz stated that the actual turnout could not have exceed 30–40 percent, whilst former Russian government adviser Andrey Illarionov stated that the actual support for the reunification of Crimea with Russia was about 34 percent, citing results of previous polls over past three years. However, according to the 2309:-led invasion. The constitution was designed to shift crucial decisions about government, the judiciary and human rights to a future national assembly. It was later modified to provide for the establishment of a committee by the parliament to be elected in December 2005 to consider changes to the constitution in 2006. 4087:, Swiss voters can demand a binding referendum at federal, cantonal, and municipal level. They are a central feature of Swiss political life. It is not the government's choice whether or when a referendum is held, but it is a legal procedure regulated by the Swiss constitution. There are two types of referendums: 5918:

federal, free and sovereign republic and subjects relating to electoral law, the state budget, the organisation of national security and that of the army and its operations are excluded. The Supreme Court of Justice may rule on the constitutionality of the referendum proposal if the Congress so requests.

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if the proposal does not address the supremacy of the constitution over any other law, territorial integrity, popular sovereignty, national values and principles of governance referred to in Article 10, the Bill of Rights, the mandate of the President, the independence of the judiciary, the powers of

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The Board further considered that "people who have sex with same sex are a group at disadvantage and discrimination, which requires the support of public authorities for the recognition of their constitutional rights or other legislation". Decisions of the Constitutional Court are final so the ruling

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held yet another referendum against a newly imposed HST tax. The results ended up making British Columbia the first province to overturn the harmonization of provincial and federal taxes, joining it with Alberta, which not having a provincial sales tax, has never participated in the HST. A referendum

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joined to carry out "Five Constituencies Referendum" in early 2010, by having one Legislative Councillor (from either one of the parties) in each constituency resigned, forcing the government to carry out a by-election, thus giving a chance for all voters to show their will towards universal suffrage

2030:

Although most people were celebrating among the protesters after the King's speech, the leaders of the 20 February Movement rejected the proposals as insufficient and called for continuing protests on 19 June 2011. On 29 June 2011, the protesters called for a boycott of the referendum. The referendum

2026:

In a televised speech on Friday, 17 June, King Mohammed VI announced a series of constitutional reforms, to be put to a national referendum on 1 July. The proposed reforms would give the prime minister and the parliament more executive authority, and would make Berber an official language in Morocco,

5709:

Not authorized on matters relating to the state budget, taxes, duties, duties, loans and obligations, railway tariffs, military conscription, declarations of war, peace treaties, declaration of the beginning and end of the state of emergency, mobilization and demobilization, as well as international

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Not authorized on subjects relating to the unity and integrity of Bolivia's territory, human rights, taxes, the country's internal and external security, the drafting of laws, the organization of institutions responsible for the protection of society and national defence, the nature of the state and

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held a postal referendum in 1994 on whether control of water and sewerage services should be transferred to appointed boards: this was largely a political tactic, since this was the policy of the UK Government at the time. The UK Parliament enacted the legislation anyway, and it came into force on 1

5267:

Constitutionality review. Prohibited against laws relating to the integrity of the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia, fundamental human rights and freedoms, the budget, taxes, the financial obligations of the State, declarations of establishment and termination of the state of emergency,

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Since 1993, New Zealand also has provision for non-binding citizens-initiated referendums. To initiate a citizens-initiated referendum on a particular issue, proponents of the referendum apply to the Clerk of the House of Representatives, and once the question wording is determined, proponents have

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One tenth of the electorate can request amendment of the Constitution adoption of a law. Absolute majority is required for such a referendum to pass. The exception is decision regarding substantial changes in the terms regarding membership in the EU - those measures need voter turnout of 50% of the

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An ordinary referendum can occur in two circumstances. First, if a bill is simply passed in the ordinary manner with a provision that it be sent to referendum. Second, a bill that, in the opinion of the President, "is of such national importance that the will of the people ought to be ascertained"

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on 15 September 1991. Voters were asked "Should or not the President assent to the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Bill, 1991 of the People's Republic of Bangladesh?" The amendments would lead to the reintroduction of parliamentary government, with the President becoming the constitutional head of

2019:

in peaceful protests demanding a new constitution, a change in government and an end to corruption. During a march on Hassan II Avenue in Rabat, demonstrators demanded a new constitution to bring more democracy to the country. They shouted slogans calling for economic opportunity, education reform,

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Must be validated by the Central Election Commission (CEC). Proposals to amend the Constitution and the name, national anthem, flag and borders of the country are excluded. While the electoral law exceptionally lowers the right to vote from 20 to 18 years of age in these referendums, they are also

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Authorized in areas under the purview of Parliament, excluding projects against constitutional provisions, those relating to the state budget, taxes and taxation, amnesties, the right to vote, the right to work, freedom of movement and any other violation or restriction of human rights, as well as

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Excluded are projects relating to the restriction of fundamental rights of the individual, tax and budgetary matters, as well as international treaties already in force. In the event of a valid and favourable result, the parliament may only amend the law or the amendment once a period of two years

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was founded originally with only minor elements of direct democracy. At the federal level, there are only two mandatory constitutional referendum types. One type is for enacting a new constitution. Changes to the constitution do not require a public vote and there is no provision for an initiative

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to an international organisation must be subjected to a referendum unless five-sixths of the MPs vote for it. In both cases, to defeat the law the no votes must not only outnumber the yes votes, they must also number at least 30% of the electorate. Since all referendums have had much more than 60%

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can only be amended or revised via a national plebiscite. Alteration of boundaries of autonomous regions, provinces, towns, cities and barangays (villages), including creation, merger and upgrading of new local government units from existing ones, are to be decided on local plebiscites amongst the

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on 30 April 2002 to legitimize his presidency and assure its continuance after the approaching restoration of democracy. He thus extended his term to five years after the October 2002 elections. The voter turnout was 80 percent by most estimates, amidst claims of irregularities. A few weeks later,

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Not authorized against laws relating to the integrity of the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, fundamental human rights and freedoms, budget, taxes, financial obligations of the State, declarations of establishment and termination of the state of emergency, declarations of war and peace, as

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and deemed to be of "national importance", which is defined by law as having an impact on most of the country's territory and population. In addition, projects relating to a restriction of human rights enshrined in the Constitution, Article 40 defining the country as a representative, democratic,

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None. However, the parliament may decide to vote for the amendment itself by two thirds of its total membership, in which case the referendum shall not take place. The deadline is thirty days if the referendum is intended to prevent a constitutional revision initiated by parliament. Also concerns

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Not authorised on matters relating to Articles 84, 91, 103, 103, 130, 132 and 147 of the Constitution, taxes, duties, taxes and contributions to social security, the state budget, the internal organisation of the National Assembly, the entirety of a code of law and international treaties, if they

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The votes on referendums are always held on a weekend (the voting's official date is set to Sundays), typically three or four times a year, and in most cases, the votes concern several referendums at the same time, usually at different political levels (federal, cantonal, municipal) about several

4802:, another referendum to decide Brazil's government system was held. Voters could choose to keep the presidential republic system, adopt a parliamentary republic system, or adopt a parliamentary monarchy system. The majority of voters opined to maintain the current presidential government system. 3496:

or following the parliamentary procedure in a form of a conditional clause in the said bill. In the former case it would not legally bind Parliament to approve the said legislation irrelevant of the result of the said referendum, however the latter case, it would be conventionally binding on the

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A legislative referendum can be called in order to abrogate a law totally or partially, if requested by 500,000 electors or five regional councils. This kind of referendum is valid only if at least a majority of electors goes to the polling station. It is forbidden to call a referendum regarding

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mentions the referendum in Article 51: "Voters will be asked to vote by way of referendum in the cases and under the conditions determined by law." The only details about execution of referendums are found in Article 114 which deals with constitutional amendments. There are no other provisions

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Kenya has had three referendums. Sudan in 2011 Sudan conducted a referendum for Southern Sudan to choose unity or separation from Sudan and form their own sovereign state, the result was in Favour of separation, and the South became independent from Sudan on 9 July 2011. with the country name

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However, the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court rejected the referendum stating that "The rights of minorities that arise from anti-majoritarian claims can not be subjected to a referendum process which the majority imposes". This consideration supports the main argument of those who

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Constitutionality review by the Constitutional Court if the President so requests. Not allowed in areas relating to fundamental rights and freedoms, taxes and the state budget. In the event of a valid and favourable result, the law may only be amended by parliament or be the subject of a new

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The constitution limits issues which can be submitted to a referendum. It forbids issues like budget, taxes, military conscription, declaration of war, peace treaties, agreements with other nations, etc.; according to the Constitutional Court of Latvia, the intent of initiators to organise a

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Popular referendum can be called by two millions registered voters, provided they do so from at least 42 separate regions of Russia within two months, with no more than 50,000 signatures collected in any single region. The question must first be approved by the Central Election Commission.

5030:, created by the Chávez government, and approved by referendum, brought in the concept of requiring referendums for constitutional changes, as well as providing for recall referendums of elected officials (which require petitions of a minimum percentage of voters to be submitted). In the 4466:

At the local level, the Government has put proposals for directly-elected mayors to 37 local authority areas by referendum. The 1972 Local Government Act also contains a little-used provision that allows non-binding local referendums on any issue to be called by small groups of voters.

3526:, "(1) Problems of utmost gravity or urgency confronting the Moldovan society or State shall be resolved by referendum. (2) The decisions passed in consequence of the results produced by the republican referendum have supreme judicial power." There were four referendums held in 2216:

issued Act No. 5 of 1985 that officially recognized constitutional referendum as a legitimate political process in Indonesia, but revoked in 1999 by Act No. 6 of 1999. According to explanation given in Act No. 6 of 1999, referendum is not compatible with Indonesian doctrine of

5573:. The proposal must include the voting system that will be used to elect or select the members of the constituency as well as the general framework of the electoral process. The new constitution prepared by the constituent assembly will in turn have to be put to a referendum. 4841:

was held in 1980. The "Yes" won with 68.5%, prolonging Pinochet's term until 1989 and replacing the 1925 Constitution with a new one still used today. The results of this plebiscite have also been questioned by Pinochet's opponents, because of the lack of voters registration.

4503:. This referendum, with a turnout of 72.21%, resulted in a majority voting to leave the EU by 52% of votes as opposed to 48% of votes who voted to remain, causing unprecedented ramifications both within the UK and internationally, and forced the resignation of David Cameron. 2824:

There are some issues which cannot be submitted to the referendum: issues regarding the budget, taxation, financial obligations of the state, ratification and denunciation of international treaties, the declaration or termination of a state of emergency, or national defence.

6584:

The draft constitutional amendment may be submitted in its entirety to a referendum, or be the subject of separate questions if the President, one third of the parliament or 5% of the voters so request. May only be organised once per five-year term of office of the meeting.

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a referendum was held to consult the population about their opinion on the possibility of forbidding the sale and civilian possession of firearms and ammunition nationwide. This referendum was offered by the government as part of a violence minimization initiative known as

4922:

From 2008 to 2010 conservative groups, linked to religious institutions, managed to collect 150,000 signatures to call a referendum to decline unions between same-sex couples. The Supreme Elections Tribunal (TSE) had scheduled the consultation on December 5, 2010.

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of 50% + 1 of all votes cast nationally, and by a majority of votes cast within a majority of the original states (4 of 6). If the amendment affects the parliamentary representation or the limits of one or more states, then a majority in those state(s) are also

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Not authorized against laws relating to the budget, those establishing or amending taxes, or relating to credit, amnesty, human rights and international treaties. May only be organised once on the same subject for each five-year term of office of the meeting.

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Constitutionality review. Prohibited against all or part of the Constitution as well as areas related to the treaties of the European Union or other international treaties, electoral law, tax legislation, as well as the organization of decentralized entities.

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There have been six plebiscites and one "consultation" in Chilean history. In 1925, a plebiscite was held over a new constitution that would replace a semi-parliamentary system with a presidential one. The "Yes" vote won overwhelmingly, with 95% of the vote.

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The Norwegian Constitution does not mention referendums at all, and as such, referendums are not a part of Norwegian political practice. However, six advisory referendums have been held in Norway, most notably, the referendums on Norwegian EU membership, and

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survey performed on 21–27 April, 82.8% of Crimean people consider the referendum results reflecting most Crimeans’ views, and 73.9% of Crimeans say Crimea's becoming part of Russia will make life better for themselves and their families, just 5.5% disagree.

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the power to submit a bill or other national issue to a binding referendum. If a bill which is submitted to a referendum does not receive a majority of votes in favour, the President of the Republic shall declare extraordinary elections to the Parliament.

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The possibility of facultative referendums forces the parliament to search for a compromise between the major interest groups. In many cases, the mere threat of a facultative referendum or of an initiative is enough to make the parliament adjust a law.

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Non-binding referendums on the municipal and provincial level are allowed. Non-binding referendums on the regional level are also allowed by law but the implementation decisions are lacking. This way government makes it impossible to make use of it.

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twelve months to compile a petition containing signatures from at least ten percent of all registered voters. Only five citizens-initiated referendums have gone to a vote: one in 1995, two in 1999, one in 2009 and another held in late 2013.

6253:, to which projects relating to international treaties, human rights and freedoms, minority rights, tax legislation, the state budget, the declaration of a state of emergency, amnesty laws and the assembly's electoral law are also excluded 3011:, "New Arrangement of the Federal Territory") which led to a number of effectless referendums to create or recreate states or change the territory of a state. In addition there was a referendum on the merger of Baden and Württemberg into 5001:

constitution allows citizens to challenge laws approved by Parliament by use of a referendum or to propose changes to the Constitution by the use of a plebiscite. This right has been used a few times in the past 15 years: in 1989, to

3282:'. Article 47 states that for such a referendum to successfully veto the bill, it must be voted down by both a majority of votes cast and at least 33 and one-third per cent of registered voters, otherwise it is deemed to have passed. 3567:

Before that date, in principle, there was no permanent provision in law for a referendum. However, from 2002 until 2005, there was a Temporary Referendum Law in place, which allowed for non-binding referendums, known in Dutch as

3628:

Since 29 January 2019 there have been four attempts to introduce a corrective referendum, which would give the citizens of the Netherlands an option to have a referendum to cancel a new law that has already been accepted by the

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Moreover, the Crimean authorities referred to the well-known Kosovo precedent – a precedent our western colleagues created with their own hands in a very similar situation, when they agreed that the unilateral separation of

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Constitutionality review. May not have as its object a change in the nature of the state or its decentralized elements, affect the rights guaranteed by the constitution, or change the procedure for amending the constitution

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as illegitimate and stated that the referendum is a response to these developments. The referendum was regarded as illegitimate by most countries including all European Union members, the United States and Canada because of

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every constitutional amendment must be approved by referendum; 38 such referendums have occurred from the enactment of the current constitution to May 2019. Constitutional amendments are first adopted by both Houses of the

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The Constitution imposes a number of prohibitions on matters on which a referendum can be held, including amending Constitution, budget, taxing, obligations from international agreements, military operations, etc. Required

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Substantial changes in the terms regarding the membership of Latvia in the European Union shall be decided by a national referendum if such referendum is requested by at least one-half of the members of the Parliament.

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The referendum can be held only on "important issues concerning the national interest". The referendum cannot be held on amendments to the Constitution, and some issues such as budget and competences of the Assembly.

3670:: They will merely be advisory, and the final decision will be taken by the Norwegian parliament, who may choose (albeit unlikely) to disregard the will of the Norwegian people as expressed through the referendum. 8455: 2387:, a referendum can be held in a few circumstances, including situations when a constitutional amendment passed by the Parliament is rejected by the President, or when the nation's sovereignty needs to be decided ( 4231:

accords greater powers to the Crimean parliament including full sovereign powers to establish relations with other states, therefore many commentators argued that both provided referendum choices would result in

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state, but the Prime Minister the executive head. It also abolished the position of Vice-President and would see the President elected by Parliament. The result saw 83.6% vote in favour, with a turnout of 35.2%.

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to call a referendum if signatures of 10% of registered voters in the Republic of Croatia are collected. The time frame for collecting the signatures is defined by the law on referendums, and it is 15 days.

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has passed, except by holding a new referendum or by a two-thirds vote. In the event of a negative or invalid result, a new popular initiative cannot be implemented on the same subject as two years later.

4795:, but in a referendum held in 1963, the Brazilian population was consulted about which government system should be enacted in the country and it was decided to have Brazil return to a Presidential system. 3952:

was adopted on a referendum held in 28–29 October 2006. The constitutional referendum passed with 3,521,724 voting a 53.04% majority. 3,645,517 or 54.91% voted on the referendum, which made it legitimate.

4918:

It was very narrowly approved (49.030 votes). Results were 51.62% voted in favour and 48.38% against it. It is currently the only free trade agreement in the world that has been approved on a referendum.

3294:. Article 27 was intended for bills that were particularly contentious, controversial or of high importance. Despite there having been many bills fitting these criteria, article 27 has never been used. 2449:

were revised to lower the threshold in December 2017. No national referendum had been approved until then. Following amendments to the law, ten more questions were asked at the national level during the

7485: 8003: 3331:. A constitutional referendum is valid no matter how many electors go to the polling station. Any citizen entitled to vote in an election to the Chamber of Deputies may participate in a referendum. 4834:'s régime, the country's military government held a national consultation, which asked if people supported Pinochet's rule. The "Yes" vote won with 74%, although the results have been questioned. 8425: 4116:

The extensive, official voting and election material regularly sent to every citizen each time – usually four times a year – compromising the pros and cons by all political proponents; here, to

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republics. The results were announced on 26 December, and on 25 June 1991, the Slovenian parliament passed an independence law proclaiming Slovenia a sovereign country. This was followed by the

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Flores Juberías, Carlos (November 2005). "Some legal (and political) considerations about the legal framework for referendum in Montenegro, in the light of European experiences and standards".

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was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on November 28, 2005 to determine whether or not to adopt the Mixed Member Proportional Representation System. The referendum failed.

8063: 7946: 7847: 4849:, 56% voted to end the military régime. The next year, yet another plebiscite was held for constitutional changes for the transition to a democratic government (the "Yes" vote won with 91%). 3615: 3489:. While binding, it is limited to the single instance of amending the Constitutional provision on the maximum parliamentary term of five years. This type of referendum has never taken place. 3801:

All three referendums had turnouts of less than 50%, which meant they were not binding. Nonetheless, the winning option on all three referendums was honoured by the governments of the time.

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The other categories of referendums are regulated by the Referenda Act. "Consultative" referendums (the Act does not use the term) can either take place prior to the assent of a bill in the

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was held in Scotland on the 18th of September 2014. Voters were asked to answer Yes or No to the question: "Should Scotland be an independent country?" to which 55% of Scots voted "No".

2735:, except for "referendum concerning the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union". Therefore, the only referendum ever held in the Czech Republic at the national level was 3819:

defines that a referendum has to be called to suspend the President from office, or amend the Constitution. Moreover, a referendum can be called on matters of national interest by the

2123:

The original five pan-democrat Legislative Councillors were re-elected, the turnout was much lower than the expectation of the two parties, due to the suppression of pro-Beijing Camp.

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have been approved, even when more than five-sixths can be found. Recently, the Danish government was highly criticized when it did not hold a referendum regarding the controversial

7434: 4754:, in which a predetermined number of signatures (typically lower than the number required for an initiative) qualifies a ballot measure repealing a specific act of the legislature; 4534:

does not expressly require that amendments be approved by referendum, many argue that, in light of the precedent set by the Charlottetown Accord referendum, this may have become a

2572:

in Belgium are not legally possible because of the constitutional principle that the country's powers are exercised by the nation and not by the people. Consequently, Belgium is a

3508:

An abrogative referendum has never been held and, if invoked and successful, can abrogate pieces of legislation barring some exceptions, notably financial and constitutional law.

2535:. Binding referendum is facultative (not mandatory) in case of non-comprehensive changes in the Federal Constitution. There was only one binding referendum in post-1945 Austria: 1960:. The reforms made it easier for candidates to run for president, limited the number of presidential terms to two four-year periods, and ensured judicial monitoring of elections. 8397: 7886: 6724: 8377: 6985: 5952: 4484: 4359: 7628: 4912: 4865: 4027:

was held to approve a new Constitution. Spaniards chose (91.8% of voters) to approve the Constitution. Also, in 1986 another referendum approved Spain's membership of NATO.

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On March 9, King Mohammed VI made a speech that was described as a "historical" speech in which he announced several reforms including a new constitution to the country.

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or new annual expenditure of more than 250,000 Swiss Francs. The implementation of the referendum suspends their application at least until the results are promulgated.

4714:) and many local and city governments provide for referendums and citizen's initiatives. Such state-level referendums, as an example, have resulted in the limitation of 4275:

was later adopted, by a vote of 100 in favor vs. 11 against with 58 abstentions, which declared the referendum invalid and affirmed Ukraine's territorial integrity. The

1972:(a quarter of the population), cast ballots to become "sovereign and independent" of Ethiopia. This vote was the result of thirty years of war by Eritreans during their 7908: 3439:

The referendum on constitutional amendment (defined in Article 114) is binding. Referendums in general (defined in Article 51) are not explicitly stated to be binding.

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then that decision must be put to a binding referendum. If the people do not vote to dismiss the president, parliament is dissolved and new general elections are held.

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provides for both binding and non-binding referendums. Since the introduction of parliamentary democracy, six referendums have been held: the first was about alcohol

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on 23 December 1990. The turnout was 93.3% of all voters, of which 94.8% cast a vote in support of independence. It was the first such referendum in one of the then

2074:

on 30 August 1999, in which voters chose either to become a Special Autonomous Region within Indonesia, or for independence. 78.5% of voters opted for independence.

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Authorized only in areas under the jurisdiction of the Federal Parliament. Must be held at the same time as the general elections, which are held every four years.

3327:) with a majority of less than two thirds in both or either House, and only at the request of one fifth of the members of either House, or 500,000 electors or five 7005: 4476: 4289:

The official result from the Autonomous Republic of Crimea was a 96.77 percent vote for integration of the region into the Russian Federation with an 83.1 percent

3915: 1884: 8516: 8448:"In This Red State, Progressives Are Taking Matters Into Their Own Hands Amateur activists, sick of being ignored by the GOP, are fighting to cover the uninsured" 2403:

in labour and education; 2) To merge with Malaya, having same status as the other states in Malaya; 3) To merge with Malaya, having terms similar to those of the

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The proposal may be drafted in such a way as to be ready for adoption, or made in general terms, in which case the petitioners leave it to Parliament to draft.

7069: 4879:

There have been several referendums in individual municipalities in Chile since the return to civilian rule in 1990. A referendum, which took place in 2006 in

8625: 6958: 5640:

Constitutionality review. Not allowed against laws relating to taxation, budget, amnesty, remission of sentences and ratification of international treaties.

2828:

Some parts of the Constitution can be amended only by a referendum, while the rest of Constitution can be amended either by a referendum or by other means.

2976:, laws concerning the administration or the territory. The political risks involved made the practice rare. Most constitutional revisions went through the 2783:

can be changed only after a referendum. To pass, the yes votes must not only outnumber the no votes, they must also number at least 40% of the electorate.

4286:

declaration of independence has set a precedent, which allows secession of Crimea from Ukraine. Such parallels are disputed by Western scholars, however.

7079: 6832: 1310: 784: 2112:

does not provide for official referendums, but the pan-democrats hope that by returning the resignees to the Legislative Council, on their manifesto of

8417: 7015: 6888: 6555:

Against the president or any other elected official. May only be convened once during his term of office, once the first half of his term has expired.

3230: 2845: 2603: 2536: 836: 7276: 4351:

means any Act of Parliament giving effect to a referendum result could be reversed by a subsequent Act of Parliament. As a result, referendums in the

8596: 8164: 7864:) or whether Crimea should be independent (secession). There is no alternative – one cannot vote for the status quo ante of remaining within Ukraine. 7839: 7084: 6898: 6893: 6005: 5007: 4806: 4228: 4213: 3845: 3841: 2899: 8482: 8059: 7770: 4120:'s citizen in November 2008 about 5 national, 2 cantonal, 4 municipal referendums, and 2 elections (government and parliament of the City of Berne). 7938: 7802:, website of "The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation" (German, possible to switch to French or Italien language). Retrieved 09-04-2013. 7090: 6676: 6609: 4760:(a.k.a. "legislative referendum"), in which the legislature puts proposed legislation up for popular vote (either voluntarily or, in the case of a 4669: 4272: 3588: 3458: 293: 209: 8262: 7813: 8184: 7000: 6990: 6822: 6718: 4480: 4367: 2736: 736: 7557:

The democratic ritual of Bonapartism is the plebiscite. From time to time, the question is presented to the citizens: for or against the leader?

4876:, a proposed right-wing replacement was rejected, 55.8% to 44.2%. These outcomes guaranteed the validity and effectiveness of the 1980 Charter. 4814:

Most voters declared themselves contrary to the ban and the laws regarding commerce and ownership of weapons in the country remained unaltered.

8348: 6973: 6918: 2756:

In Denmark, after a law has been passed by parliament, one third of the members can demand a referendum. This does not apply to money bills or

2268: 7174: 7118: 3319:

A constitutional referendum can be called in order to approve a constitutional law or amendment only when it has been approved by the Houses (

2003:

has led many reforms that made Morocco an exception from all the other Arab countries. On February 20, 2011, thousands took to the streets of

7146: 6708: 6630: 4883:, over the construction of a mall was noteworthy for being the first instance in Chilean history where electronic voting machines were used. 4429: 4314: 4257: 3856: 3584: 2527:

defines two types of referendums on the federal level: binding referendum and non-binding referendum. Binding referendum is mandatory if the

7649: 7573: 2113: 7020: 7010: 6868: 6660: 5873: 4931:

stopped the referendum and opened to the Congress the opportunity to continue discussing the bill on the recognition of homosexual unions.

4869: 4535: 4433: 3727: 3663: 3452: 2973: 2239:

into Indonesia; despite the name reflecting a referendum, the process actually only involving around 1,000 representatives in a process of

2165: 930: 882: 7426: 2176:

in July 1947 to decide whether the province would join the Dominion of India or Pakistan. The referendum was in favor of joining Pakistan.

6702: 6686: 4437: 3978: 3659: 3580: 3270:. The signature is merely a formality: the president cannot refuse to sign into law an amendment that has been approved in a referendum. 3194: 1744: 1020: 501: 8323: 2999:

for a constitutional amendment. There has never been a referendum of this type, although there was an argument in that direction during

2546:

has the power to call on a non-binding referendum on matters of great importance. There were two such referendums in post-1945 Austria:

7876: 4265: 4209: 3788: 3771:

is higher than 50% of registered voters. Citizens of Portugal have the right to submit to the Assembly an initiative for a referendum.

3243: 2244: 2071: 388: 8369: 7795: 7236: 4726:

in the late 20th century. This type of referendum is frequently known as a “ballot measure,” a “proposition,” or simply a “question.”

421:

is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This article summarises referendum laws and practice in various countries.

7971:"U.N. General Assembly Affirms Ukraine's Territorial Integrity, Calls The World Community Not To Recognise Change Of Crimea's Status" 7486:"Zakon o referendumu i drugim oblicima osobnog sudjelovanja u obavljanju državne vlasti i lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave" 6908: 6769: 6750: 6614: 4964: 3710: 3464: 3224: 3218: 2364: 2225:, absence on mentions of referendums inside the national constitution also became another reason why the referendum law was revoked. 1176: 647: 252: 8038: 7600: 5514:

Constitutionality review. Unauthorized on matters relating to taxation and the political and administrative structure of the state.

8318:[Citizen Consultation of AMLO in Mexico: approve the Mayan Train and another 9 projects of President-elect López Obrador], 8035:"Security Council Fails to Adopt Text Urging Member States Not to Recognize Planned 16 March Referendum in Ukraine's Crimea Region" 7055: 6928: 6812: 6807: 6179: 6146: 5015: 4799: 4788: 3990: 3587:, a different law was temporarily put in place. That referendum was the first national referendum in the Netherlands in 200 years ( 3497:

President to promulgate the bill into law. There has been five referendums like this on a national level, one on a regional level (

3212: 3137:

for the referendum to be valid is 50%. The decision made by a referendum is binding on the Parliament. There was one referendum in

2617: 1792: 1355: 7624: 7344: 5425:

Not allowed on matters relating to the budget, taxation, monetary matters, pensions and public contracts and administrative acts.

5098:

issues. However, there are also referendums on other issues. Furthermore, constitutional issues, such as the establishment of the

4053:

membership in 2003. All have been non-binding, consultative referendums. Two, in 1957 and 1980, were multiple-choice referendums.

3637:. The first three attempts have failed due to its requirement of a two-third approval rate in both chambers and political parties 6696: 6654: 6137: 5141: 5011: 3862: 3835: 3831: 3723: 3638: 3539: 3535: 3145: 2969: 2624: 1947: 690: 8567: 7721: 7319: 3176:

According to the 26th article, should the president veto a bill from the parliament then it must be put to a binding referendum.

8214: 6853: 6837: 6670: 6648: 4873: 4861: 4838: 4024: 3943: 3899: 3850: 3630: 3573: 2547: 2280: 1838: 1999:

There have been several referendums in Morocco, most of which were related to the Moroccan constitution. Since becoming King,

7463: 7405: 7376: 7205: 6817: 6802: 5740: 4460: 3704: 3206: 3200: 3188: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2853: 2551: 1512: 553: 8138: 7544: 5710:

treaties. The parliament may decide to adopt the popular proposal itself, in which case the referendum does not take place.

2882:

allows only for a non-binding referendum called on by the Parliament. If 50,000 Finnish citizens sign an initiative (for an

2212:

does not mention referendums at all, and as such, referendums are not a part of Indonesian political practice. In 1985, the

8475: 8239: 6484:

The parliament may propose a counter-proposal, which will be submitted to a vote at the same time as the popular proposal.

4846: 3092: 2950: 2372: 8287: 5230:

Not authorised on matters relating to constitutional reforms, international treaties, taxes, budget and criminal matters.

2399:

which decided the terms of a merger of Singapore into Malaysia. There were three choices: 1) To merge with Malaya, having

8538:"Plebiscito: Chile rechaza propuesta de nueva Constitución con histórica participación de más de 12 millones de personas" 7030: 7025: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 5976: 4976: 4972: 4616:. 946,081 people voted (1% of the population); 89.9% in favor. Another consultation will take place on December 15, 2019. 4444:, there was no obligation for a referendum. Referendums have also been proposed, but not held, on the replacement of the 4340: 4201: 3794: 3782: 3760: 3096: 3046:, "citizens' request") which are both non-binding. In some areas, this has been expanded into a binding referendum type ( 2893: 2714: 2117: 2063: 1654: 7300: 5390:

Not allowed against laws relating to the state budget, taxation, as well as the ratification of international treaties.

4770:, in which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official's term has ended 4526:

and only three have ever occurred at the federal level: 1898 on Prohibition, 1942 on WWII conscription, and 1992 on the

4162: 3662:. It is worth noting that these referendums, and potential future referendums, although legitimate as part of Norwegian 3015:

in 1951 (accepted) and a referendum on the merger of Berlin and Brandenburg into Berlin-Brandenburg in 1996 (rejected).

8500: 6791: 6196: 5410: 4952: 4276: 4174: 3896: 3734: 3498: 2732: 2610: 2470:'s government approved the idea of a referendum to ask the Thai electorate if it wanted to keep the government or not. 2396: 2193: 4975:

resulted in a majority being pro-statehood. There was also a 2005 referendum (Resolution 64) to determine whether the

4649: 3369:

One tenth of registered voters has the right to initiate a national referendum regarding recalling of the Parliament.

8316:"Consulta Ciudadana de AMLO en México: aprueban el Tren Maya y otros 9 proyectos del presidente electo López Obrador" 7675: 7538: 6980: 6873: 6863: 6504: 5802: 5219: 5167: 5031: 5003: 4326: 4128:

The referendums are said, by their adversaries, to slow politics down. On the other hand, empirical scientists, e.g.

3646: 3561: 3493: 2726: 2493: 2213: 1560: 199: 109: 6184:

Can only be initiated by the population once every five years, and for amendments only and not wholesale revisions.

5753:

None. However, the parliament may decide to vote the bill itself, in which case the referendum does not take place.

5149: 8621: 7045: 7040: 7035: 6356: 6322: 6278: 5379: 5345: 4853: 4644:

October 27–28, 2018, construction of a new airport for Mexico City. 1,067,859 votes were cast, 29% in favor of the

4492: 4425: 1372: 1341: 1070: 599: 336: 184: 114: 7980: 6371:

Applies to the introduction and revision of laws. The 100-day period runs from the date of its publication in the

5884:

It concerns the convening of a Constitutional Convention to study the popular proposal to amend the Constitution.

4927:

rejected the consultation considered a violation of human rights, among these gay groups and humanitarian actors.

8674: 6923: 6842: 6465:

Not allowed against decisions concerning the state budget, as well as areas within the presidential prerogatives

6454: 5585: 5503: 5460: 5288: 5252: 4940: 4595: 4269: 4261: 3866: 3138: 2352: 5540:. May only be convened once during his term of office. Cannot be done in the first or last year of the mandate. 2980:

of Parliament. Therefore, a procedure of popular initiative, backed by a handful of MPs, is being put in place.

7860:... voters in Crimea next Sunday will be asked whether they support the union of Crimea with Russia (an act of 6883: 6417: 6236: 5938: 5902: 5698: 5237: 5145: 4157: 3555: 2769: 2346: 2083: 1124: 381: 169: 154: 3018:

Originally, only some of the Bundesländer (federated states) had provisions for a general binding referendum (

8095: 6913: 6858: 6848: 6743: 6373: 6047: 5841: 5660: 5074: 4554: 4193: 4141: 3426: 3100: 3373:

needed is two thirds of the number of the voters who participated in the last elections for the Parliament.

8479: 7273: 6780: 6095: 5958:

If several contradictory amendments are adopted simultaneously, the one with the most votes shall prevail.

5099: 4591: 3931: 3035: 2434: 2169: 1973: 1606: 8160: 6558:

A higher number of votes for dismissal than the one obtained by the President at the time of his election

4674:

There is no provision for the holding of referendums at the federal level in the United States, which the

3380:

A referendum will be held on a law if a President suspends it, and in a two-month period one tenth of the

3038:. General forms of direct democracy were introduced in the communities with facultative ballot questions ( 2598:

Five nationwide referendums have been held in Bulgaria since it gained its De Facto independence in 1878:

2271:

was held to choose the future governing system of the country. The question was a simple yes or no to the

7762: 7050: 6796: 6597:. The new constitution prepared by the constituent assembly will in turn have to be put to a referendum. 6019: 5599: 4656: 4645: 4363: 3746: 3642: 3320: 2593: 2231:

had no nationwide referendum, but only regional one and concerning only on territorial changes. In 1969,

2135:

does not have a specific provision for or against referendum. Some of the referendums held in India are:

1957: 3482:

There are three types of referendums in Malta: constitutional, consultative and abrogative referendums.

2251:

province took place in 1999, paving the way of East Timor province independence from Indonesia in 2002.

8644: 8439: 8259: 6250: 5086: 4948: 4675: 4371: 4248: 4105: 3810: 3600: 3560:

Since 1 July 2015, most laws can be subjected to a consultative referendum after their approval by the

3446: 3432: 3112: 2873: 2807: 2751: 2713:

has no mention of referendum (as of 2013). The only referendum to take place in independent Cyprus was

2647: 2563: 2543: 2518: 2412: 2200:

on 14 April 1975. It was approved by 97.55% of voters, and resulted in Sikkim becoming an Indian state.

2179: 2097: 159: 4023:, 94% of voters approved a Political Reform Bill to establish democracy. On 6 December 1978 a further 3417:

Lithuania has held 12 referendums since 1991. 300,000 signatures are needed to initiate a referendum.

8398:

Gobierno inicia proceso de consulta ciudadana e indígena para Tren Maya; se realizará el 15 diciembre

5678:

parliament, the structure of decentralized entities and the same procedure for constitutional review

5066: 4348: 4302: 4244: 3974: 3392:

needed is 50% of the number of the voters who participated in the last elections for the Parliament.

3340: 3059: 2912: 2705: 2631: 2531:

should be removed from office before the end of his term, and in case of comprehensive change of the

2451: 2384: 2209: 374: 7748: 4358:

Major referendums are rare; only three have been put to the entire UK electorate. The first was the

2627:

the question was if Bulgaria should develop its nuclear power by building a new nuclear power plant.

7167: 7111: 6736: 5130: 5095: 5056: 4761: 4700: 4586:("popular consultation") was passed on March 14, 2014. Such a consultation may be requested by the 4402: 4355:

cannot be constitutionally binding, although they will usually have a persuasive political effect.

3876: 3543: 3531: 3477: 3412: 3328: 2839: 2791: 2573: 2489: 2296: 2218: 1464: 1044:

Yes (only to abolish existing law or when it is requested to approve a constitutional change; see:

149: 99: 7142: 3128:

upon the motion of the President of the Republic, the Government or one hundred thousand electors.

3012: 2831:

A referendum was called by the Parliament of Estonia on two occasions since its independence from

1789:

Constitutional amendments regulated by Additional Articles of the Constitution, not by statute law

7683:. Foundation Open Society Institute, Representative Office Montenegro. p. 74. Archived from 7569: 6515:

Consultative referendums. The following can also be organised at the level of municipalities and

5134: 4733:

ballot measures may be established by several different processes which vary amongst the states:

4306: 3816: 3696: 3691: 3523: 3502: 3403:

There were 13 referendums in Latvia's history, of that 4 in 1923 - 1934 period and 9 since 1991.

3254: 3184:, three of which were held after the nation declared independence and became a republic in 1944. 3158: 3118: 3088: 2879: 2813: 2780: 2692: 2673: 2532: 2524: 2462:

On 4 September 2008, amidst hundreds of thousands of protesters demanding the government resign,

1076: 331: 247: 227: 179: 7612: 6968: 6963: 6378: 5333:

Only once per concurrent term of office of the meeting and the president, which is five years.

5297: 5039: 4606: 4546: 4542: 4531: 4042: 3949: 3892: 3764: 3716: 3517: 3384:

requests a referendum, except if the Parliament again adopts the law with three three-quarters

3346: 3065: 2989: 2926: 2710: 2501: 2357: 2318: 2139: 2109: 2000: 1418: 204: 124: 7594:

Jarinovska, K. "Popular Initiatives as Means of Altering the Core of the Republic of Latvia",

4282:

Russia officially recognized the results of the Crimean referendum and claims that unilateral

2031:

was held on July 1, and almost all Moroccans said yes to it with a "98% yes" "2% No" turnout.

8315: 7975: 7816:. Berne, Switzerland: swissinfo.ch - a branch of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation SRG SSR. 7427:"Bulgarians vote in referendum on nuclear energy | News | DW.COM | 27.01.2013" 6878: 6785: 5914: 5472: 5006:

to members of the military who violated human rights during the military regime (1973–1985);

4857: 4517: 4421:. Since 1973, the year of the first such plebiscite, there have been nine major referendums. 4379: 4145: 4036: 3756: 3679: 3486: 2965: 2916: 2817: 2479: 2424: 2408: 2132: 316: 270: 194: 189: 174: 164: 139: 119: 104: 8568:"Chilean voters reject conservative constitution, after defeating leftist charter last year" 7229: 3034:, "people's inquiry") which has rarely been used - the most important of these had been the 8679: 8034: 7790: 7677:

Legal Aspects for Referendum in Montenegro in the Context of International Law and Practice

6903: 6594: 5570: 5537: 4971:) status. Remaining a commonwealth has been the result of the first three referendums. The 4896: 4792: 4757: 4527: 4385:

Referendums have been held in individual parts of the United Kingdom on issues relating to

4100: 4066: 3820: 3634: 3303: 3278:

Article 27 of the constitution provides for a referendum on an ordinary bill, known as an '

3267: 3170: 3000: 2922: 2681: 2663: 2528: 2302: 2292: 2222: 1985: 1045: 232: 144: 129: 79: 59: 7939:"Верховная Рада АРК инициировала проведение всекрымского референдума : Новости УНИАН" 5102:, may be done without a referendum. Government referendums can be binding or non-binding. 4626:

November 24–25, 2018, social programs. Seven programs were approved by over 90% of voters.

3316:

financial laws or laws relating to pardons or the ratification of international treaties.

2337:

Musharraf went on TV and apologized to the nation for "irregularities" in the referendum.

2321:

does not mention referendums at all. There have been no referendums in Malaysian history.

498:

Referendums in Australia are exclusively used for the purpose of amending the Constitution

8: 8008: 7593: 7316: 7284: 6516: 6361: 6080:

Must be held at the same time as the general elections, which are held every four years.

5764: 5627: 5257: 5042:, should be recalled from office. The result of the referendum was to not recall Chávez. 4992: 4587: 4336: 4253: 4092: 4062: 3359:

accepting substantial changes in the terms regarding the membership in the European Union

3279: 3258: 2677: 2657: 2497: 983: 134: 54: 7712:]. Vol. 15. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 2011. p. 108. 4620: 2120:, the election can be seen as a de facto referendum and an endorsement of these issues. 8196: 7881: 7736: 7336: 4904: 4751: 4737: 4686: 4410: 3927: 3084: 3023: 2968:, in order to overcome the Parliament. A referendum can be called by the President for 2886:

or a referendum), the Parliament has to discuss it, but the initiative is not binding.

2260: 2236: 2232: 2187: 288: 74: 64: 8210: 3981:

on a bill legalizing same-sex marriage, which was rejected by the majority of voters.

3826:

There have been 8 referendums in post-communist Romania, and one at the county level:

8508: 7713: 7701: 7608: 7534: 7372: 7259:

Fung, Fanny (19 January 2010), "Referendum bid is against Basic Law, minister says",

6774: 5674: 4240: 4076: 3604: 3291: 3004: 2961: 2883: 714:

No on state level (except EU referendum), but on regional and municipal level allowed

326: 237: 69: 22: 5772:

This includes any legislative change, new one-time expenditure of more than 500,000

4723: 3287: 7397: 6638: 5868: 4570: 4562: 4441: 4418: 4375: 4294: 4204:

at the time. The referendum asked the people of Crimea whether they wanted to join

4133: 4020: 2577: 2467: 2438: 2329: 2276: 2272: 321: 29: 7455: 7198: 4347:

Although Acts of Parliament may permit referendums to take place, the doctrine of

3649:

being against the corrective referendum. The fourth attempt is currently ongoing.

8658: 8486: 8404: 8355: 8266: 8191: 8130: 7799: 7604: 7524: 7323: 7304: 7280: 6764: 6000: 4900: 4767: 4710:

However, 24 states (principally in the West, but also in Eastern states, such as

4398: 4227:

of Crimea and Sevastopol as they were at the moment the referendum was held. The

4170: 3923: 2606:

the question was if criminals from the three previous wars were to be prosecuted;

2264: 2143: 486: 364: 311: 8235: 3400:

number of the voters who participated in the last elections for the Parliament.

3381: 8279: 7063: 4827: 4719: 4500: 4496: 4445: 4406: 4352: 4178: 4166: 3385: 3324: 2977: 2757: 1852: 1847: 704: 699: 242: 5035: 4860:

approved the drafting of a new constitution, with 78,28% voting in favour. In

3003:. The other type requires a regional public vote in case of restructuring the 2676:. Referendums can be called on any issue falling within the competence of the 2613:

the question was if Bulgaria was to remain a monarchy or to become a republic;

2441:

in 2003. There had been six national referendums and two local referendums in

2275:, a system which combines direct representation with religious authority. The 8668: 8512: 7717: 7364: 7297: 5735: 4980: 4908: 4730: 4711: 4488: 4290: 4132:

among many, show that this and other instruments of citizens' participation,

4129: 3768: 3389: 3370: 3134: 2773: 2691:

Since amendments to the constitution in 2001, the Parliament is obligated by

2306: 2173: 1898: 1893: 1090: 1085: 8597:"Chileans reject conservative constitution to replace dictatorship-era text" 5094:

has two types of referendum. Government referendums are predominantly about

5014:, to consider the partial privatization of public utilities companies; and, 4740:, in which any citizen or organization may gather a predetermined number of 4264:

voted in favor of a resolution declaring the referendum invalid, but Russia

3572:("People's Consultation"), to be organised for laws already approved by the 7520: 5070: 4715: 4704: 4601:

A series of unofficial consultations have also been held in 2018 and 2019:

3608: 3592: 2995: 2861: 2857: 2685: 2240: 2020:

better health services, and help in coping with the rising cost of living.

1668: 1663: 418: 341: 7684: 4659:. 1.89% of eligible voters participated, and 84% approved the 5-year term. 4440:

referendums. Due to the replacement of the European Constitution with the

4331: 3625:

On 18 February 2018 the option for a non-binding referendum was repealed.

2634:

a three question referendum was held alongside the presidential elections.

8372:[Report little participation in popular consultation in Oaxaca], 8349:¿Participación ciudadana? Éstas son todas las consultas populares de AMLO 7861: 7530: 6351: 6132: 5971: 5773: 5471:

Constitutionality review by the Constitutional Court if requested by the

5091: 4944: 4784:

Three nationwide referendums have been held so far in Brazilian history.

4613: 4561:

voted on a mixed-member proportional representation electoral system and

4468: 4084: 4046: 3970: 2761: 2368: 2248: 2151: 2093: 1712: 1707: 1620: 1615: 1324: 1319: 1234: 1229: 47: 8653: 4239:

Supreme Council of Crimea considered the ousting of Ukrainian President

4112: 3266:(parliament), submitted to a referendum, and are signed into law by the 2101:

and the abolition of functional constituencies. This is often called a "

1858: 1812: 1785: 1772: 1764: 1737: 1718: 1647: 1634: 1626: 1580: 1540: 1532: 1492: 1484: 1457: 1438: 1392: 1365: 1348: 1344:

as "fatally defective", can still be used for other types of initiatives

1330: 1163: 1144: 1117: 1104: 1096: 1052: 1040: 1013: 994: 910: 902: 856: 823: 804: 777: 764: 756: 675: 667: 627: 619: 540: 521: 494: 465: 359: 37: 8090: 7970: 6191: 5405: 4960: 4892: 4880: 4689: 4386: 4224: 4197: 3966: 3919: 3870: 3596: 3591:), and it was the result of an initiative proposal by parliamentarians 3263: 2569: 2279:

was established after more than 98% of the population voted "Yes". The

2155: 2088:

Due to discontent towards the proposal of political reform made by the

2059: 2046: 2008: 7650:"Yes Or No: Is A Referendum In The Cards Over Russian Pension Reform?" 4681: 4188:

The Crimean status referendum, 2014 was a referendum on the status of

2742:

It is possible to hold a referendum at regional and municipal levels.

6499: 5797: 5214: 5062: 5027: 4741: 4697: 2795: 2356:

affected places. A referendum is the final step in the approval of a

2228: 2089: 2067: 2016: 1138: 1133: 944: 939: 475:

Referendum requirement created by the Constitution not by statute law

459: 454: 346: 7337:"Bulgarien, 19. November 1922 : Anklage gegen Kriegsverbrecher" 5119: 4550: 4117: 1923: 1912: 1904: 1877: 1866: 1831: 1820: 1726: 1693: 1682: 1674: 1599: 1588: 1553: 1505: 1446: 1411: 1400: 1336: 1303: 1292: 1284: 1259: 1248: 1240: 1215: 1204: 1196: 1169: 1152: 1065: 1002: 969: 958: 950: 923: 875: 864: 829: 812: 729: 718: 710: 640: 592: 581: 573: 546: 529: 479: 471: 8134: 7401: 6429:

explicitly prohibited from changing the legal age of voting rights

6317: 6273: 5374: 5340: 4956: 4831: 4693: 4638: 4453: 4390: 4233: 4071: 3962: 3752: 2672:

The institution of a referendum is regulated by article 87. of the

2463: 2400: 2333: 2305:

was approved by referendum on 15 October 2005, two years after the

2159: 1526: 1521: 1478: 1473: 1190: 1185: 613: 608: 8085: 4943:(in 1967, 1993, 1998, 2012, 2017, 2020, 2024) have taken place in 4317:. On the same day, Russia recognized Crimea as a sovereign state. 3733:

Another referendum is scheduled to be held in 2023, alongside the

3616:

2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum

6449: 5580: 5498: 5455: 5423:

Banned in the six months before and after a presidential election

5283: 5247: 4998: 4630: 4558: 4414: 4217: 3527: 3181: 3166: 2787: 2012: 1976:. The result was a vote for independence by 99.8% of the voters. 1969: 1432: 1427: 988: 896: 891: 833:

chapters "General Provisions" and "Amendment of the Constitution"

798: 793: 750: 745: 661: 656: 567: 562: 515: 510: 7909:"Crimeans vote peacefully in referendum, but have little choice" 5815:

Authorized only in matters within the scope of the meeting, the

3485:

Constitutional referendums are required by article 66(3) of the

3091:. The two referendums not concerning the form of government was 8161:"U.S., EU set sanctions as Putin recognizes Crimea sovereignty" 8114: 8110: 6412: 6231: 5897: 5816: 5693: 4745: 4634: 4566: 4523: 4310: 4283: 4205: 4189: 3889: 3141:

and there were 5 referendums in modern (post-1989) Hungary.

3080: 2485: 2442: 2404: 2367:. The last provincial-level plebiscite was for the division of 2197: 1806: 1801: 1758: 1753: 1574: 1569: 1386: 1381: 1278: 1273: 850: 845: 6986:

1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum

4432:, but this was postponed in 2005 following the defeats of the 4366:

to gauge support for continued membership. The second was the

4360:

1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum

3873:

to rename it to "Olt-Romanați County" in 2018 at the same time

2960:

The practice of referendums for tough decisions appeared with

2146:

on 6 July 1947 to decide whether the district would remain in

8004:"Putin's remarks raise fears of future moves against Ukraine" 7625:"Correctief referendum stap dichterbij na steun Eerste Kamer" 6042: 5836: 5655: 5622: 4394: 3994: 3309: 2147: 2004: 1953: 1034: 1029: 7763:"Spain in 1976 – iberianature – Spanish history and culture" 5715:+ Higher participation than in recent legislative elections 5364:+ Higher participation than in recent legislative elections 4481:

United Kingdom's continuing membership of the European Union

4256:

including the plebiscite being held while the peninsula was

3620:

2018 Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum

2929:(in power 1848-1870) used plebiscites (rigged or otherwise: 2889:

As of 2013 there have been only two referendums in Finland:

8480:

What are ballot propositions, initiatives, and referendums?

7533:. Mineola, New York: Courier Corporation (published 2012). 6090: 4449: 4050: 2832: 1862:

Yes - Each referendum requires a separate Act of Parliament

414: 8236:"Brexit: David Cameron to quit after UK votes to leave EU" 8060:"Russia Vetoes U.N. Security Council Resolution On Crimea" 7840:"In Crimea's sham referendum, all questions lead to 'yes'" 4362:, which was held two years after British accession to the 1354:

Signatures of 10% of registered voters, with 3% in every

1058:

Signatures of 500,000 voters or 5 Regional Councils needed

7075:

1972 Norwegian European Communities membership referendum

6828:

1972 Norwegian European Communities membership referendum

6018:

Authorised only in areas falling within the scope of the

5598:

Authorised only in areas falling within the scope of the

5236:

The initiative must be voted in favour or against by the

4913:

Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement

4541:

A referendum can also occur at the provincial level. The

3125:

upon the motion of at least two hundred thousand electors

2765:

turnout, no bill has yet passed due to lack of interest.

2492:

can be put to referendum by both the legislative branch (

2186:, India, on 16 January 1967, to decide the future of the 2183: 1952:

On 19 March 2011 a constitutional referendum was held in

1340:

Law on initiatives on amending constitution ruled by the

7006:

2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum

5543:

Absolute majority of all valid, blank and invalid votes

3726:

was planned in 2005, but has been put on hold after the

3684:

There have been five referendums in the modern Poland:

3501:) and a number of local referendums organised by single 3075:

a referendum concerning a matter of "national interest".

2790:

was determined by a referendum in 1920 after the German

8501:"Chilean voters decisively reject leftist constitution" 5913:

Authorized only in areas under the jurisdiction of the

5268:

declarations of war and peace, as well as amnesty laws

4183:

Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia

3697:

Referendum about certain ways of use of public property

3692:

General property enfranchisement of citizens referendum

3244:

Elections in the Republic of Ireland § Referendums

3087:, namely retention/reestablishment or abolition of the 2768:

In practice, referendums have been held every time new

2221:, as on the fourth principles of the national ideology 7070:

1972 Danish European Communities membership referendum

6249:

Authorized only in areas within the competence of the

6151:

The following topics cannot be passed via initiative:

5233:

1,5% of the registered voters in at least 6 provinces

5227:

1,5% of the registered voters in at least 6 provinces

4979:

should be restructured (among other changes to become

4907:(Costa Rica already has FTAs with the latter) and the 3778:

There have been three referendums in modern Portugal:

3442:

There were four referendums in Luxembourg since 1919:

3083:

from 1920 to now. All but two have had to do with the

2731:

There are no provisions concerning referendums in the

2620:

the nation's approval of a new constitution was asked;

2415:

due to disagreements between the two political ideas.

2150:

and join the newly formed country India or would join

8642: 8420:[Santa Lucia wins the popular consultation], 7877:"2 Choices in Crimea Referendum, but Neither Is 'No'" 6959:

2005 Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum

6573:

Suspends ratification of the treaty in the meantime.

5961:

75% qualified majority in at least 3 of the 4 states

5683:+ 50% participation in at least half of the counties 5322:

Suspends ratification of the treaty in the meantime.

5018:, to maintain water resources in government control. 2638:

Several regional referendums have been held as well.

2162:. The referendum was in favor of joining East Bengal. 8131:"Crimean parliament formally applies to join Russia" 6292:

referendum once a period of three years has passed.

3759:(if they so decide), on a proposal submitted by the 8370:"Reportan poca participación en consulta en Oaxaca" 8185:

Putin Recognizes Crimea Secession, Defying the West

7456:"Republic of Bulgaria: Referendum, 6 November 2016" 7080:

1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum

6833:

1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum

6405:Majority of voters and cantons if proposal drafted 3660:

the referendum for dissolving the union with Sweden

7016:1998 Northern Ireland Belfast Agreement referendum 6889:2002 British Columbia aboriginal treaty referendum 5109: 5061:Approval in a referendum is necessary in order to 4487:. The referendum was called by the Prime Minister 4223:The available choices did not include keeping the 3447:the referendum on head of state and economic union 2840:a referendum on a new constitution and citizenship 2283:was also held later, in which 97.57% voted 'yes'. 7814:"How direct democracy has grown over the decades" 7085:1994 Swedish European Union membership referendum 6899:2009 British Columbia electoral reform referendum 6894:2005 British Columbia electoral reform referendum 6425:0.01% then 1,5% of the registrants in six months 5296:20% of the registrants + 15% in each of the nine 2504:provides for binding constitutional referendums. 2413:expulsion from Malaysia occurred on 9 August 1965 2407:territories. Option #1 won with 71% of the vote. 2391:, merger or incorporation into other countries). 444:Referendum approval needed to amend constitution? 8666: 8086:"Address by President of the Russian Federation" 7811: 7091:2003 Polish European Union membership referendum 6610:History of direct democracy in the United States 4670:Initiatives and referendums in the United States 4417:and the constitutional status and governance of 3618:is the second most recent Dutch referendum; the 3589:1805 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum 3362:accepting legislation suspended by the President 8367: 8269:Parametria, Nov 3, 2014, retrieved Nov 15, 2019 7673: 7398:"Q&A: Bulgaria's nuclear energy referendum" 7001:2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum 6991:United Kingdom European Constitution referendum 6823:1926 Norwegian continued prohibition referendum 5790:international treaties and their ratification. 4629:February 23–24, 2019, Thermo-electric plant in 4368:2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum 3312:provides for two kinds of binding referendums. 3042:, "citizens' inquiry") and public initiatives ( 2484:Seven nationwide referendums have been held in 2393:There has been only one referendum in Singapore 7869: 6974:2007 Saint John, New Brunswick ward plebiscite 6919:1982 Northwest Territories division plebiscite 5951:10% of the registrants in at least 3 of the 4 4895:was October 7, 2007, to approve or reject the 4192:held on March 16, 2014, by the legislature of 3576:. No referendum was called based on this law. 1778:Signatures of 1.5% of registered voters needed 8624:. The New Zealand Herald. 30 September 2013. 6744: 6532:"Law": 10% of the registrants, "Decree": 5%. 6083:Absolute majority in at least 12 of the 16 . 3998: 3863:referendum regarding the definition of family 3585:Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe 3453:the referendum on banning the Communist party 3257:was adopted by plebiscite on 1 July 1937. In 3231:Icelandic constitution non-binding referendum 3165:According to the 11th article, if 3/4 of the 2846:Estonian European Union membership referendum 770:Signatures of 10% of registered voters needed 681:Signatures of 10% of registered voters needed 633:Signatures of 10% of registered voters needed 382: 8128: 7274:"Quantifying Hong Kong's Democratic Desires" 7021:1973 Northern Ireland sovereignty referendum 7011:2004 Northern England devolution referendums 6869:2006 Tokelauan self-determination referendum 6377:. Can also be triggered by eight cantons of 5673:Requires the support of at least one of the 4774: 2900:Finnish European Union membership referendum 2166:1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum 8310: 8308: 8306: 8304: 6208:the ratification of international treaties 6178:12% of the registrants + 3% in each of the 6145:10% of the registrants + 3% in each of the 5418:5 % of the registrants in nine months 5303:its relations with decentralized entities. 5148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4553:are notable cases. In conjunction with the 4004: 3977:out of the country. In 2015, Slovenia held 3840:2 presidential impeachment referendums: in 3365:amending the Constitution or adopting a law 3349:prescribes a referendum for five purposes: 3180:A total of 7 referendums have been held in 1781:At least 25% of registered voters in favour 1159:At least 33% of registered voters in favour 8622:"Govt sets date for asset sale referendum" 8344: 8342: 8340: 6751: 6737: 4655:July 21, 2019, term (2 or 5 years) of the 4075:Demonstration in Zurich to vote against a 4019:) on 15 December 1976, after the death of 3728:rejection of constitution by French voters 3717:Referendum on single-member constituencies 3427:Elections in Luxembourg § Referendums 3121:proscribes two ways to hold a referendum: 2737:Czech European Union membership referendum 2363:The present constitution was approved via 389: 375: 8418:"Santa Lucía gana en la consulta popular" 7326:, retrieved 21 March 2016 (in Indonesian) 7307:, retrieved 21 March 2016 (in Indonesian) 7143:"Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador" 6909:List of Northwest Territories plebiscites 6770:Australian referendum, 1967 (Aboriginals) 6615:Referendums related to the European Union 6332:(≈2,3 % of the registrants in 2017) 5670:(≈5,1 % of the registrants in 2017) 5595:(≈2,5 % of the registrants in 2018) 5355:(≈5,7 % of the registrants in 2017) 5273:+ one third of the registrants in favour 5168:Learn how and when to remove this message 4499:which renegotiated the membership of the 4428:promised a UK-wide referendum on the new 4136:, contribute to stability and happiness. 3564:, following a request by 300,000 people. 2957:) to support their political ascendancy. 2652:Referendums in Croatia can be called by: 1968:In April 1993 nearly 1 million voters in 8301: 7906: 7837: 7831: 7667: 7056:1998 Greater London Authority referendum 6929:2007 Ontario electoral reform referendum 6813:2006 Montenegrin independence referendum 6808:1992 Montenegrin independence referendum 5984:10% of the registrants in twelve months 5812:(≈12 % of the registrants in 2016) 5468:10% of the registrants within two weeks 5181:National popular referendums by country 4680: 4330: 4315:requested to join the Russian Federation 4279:called for a boycott of the referendum. 4161: 4146:almost 600 national votes have been held 4111: 4070: 3961:There was an independence referendum in 3747:Elections in Portugal § Referendums 3724:referendum on a proposed EU constitution 2786:The present location of the border with 2594:Elections in Bulgaria § Referendums 2045:A constitutional referendum was held in 8498: 8337: 8158: 7965: 7963: 7570:"Summary of Constitutional Referendums" 7519: 7230:"The Constitution of Republic of Korea" 6620: 6288:(≈8 % of the registrants in 2016) 6015:(≈8 % of the registrants in 2016) 5750:(≈5 % of the registrants in 2017) 5637:(≈1 % of the registrants in 2018) 4959:and an associated republic), apply for 4623:. 91.6% of voters approved the project. 4495:after an agreement was struck with the 4049:in 1922, and the most recent was about 3877:referendum about justice and corruption 3811:Elections in Romania § Referendums 3286:if requested to do so by a majority of 3113:Elections in Hungary § Referendums 3068:provides for two kinds of referendums: 2874:Elections in Finland § Referendums 2808:Elections in Estonia § Referendums 2752:Elections in Denmark § Referendums 2688:, unity and existence of the Republic. 2648:Elections in Croatia § Referendums 2564:Elections in Belgium § Referendums 2519:Elections in Austria § Referendums 2196:on abolishing the monarchy was held in 1948:2011 Egyptian constitutional referendum 8667: 8499:Schmidt, Samantha (5 September 2022). 8428:from the original on November 16, 2019 8380:from the original on November 17, 2019 8361: 8326:from the original on November 29, 2019 8290:from the original on November 15, 2019 7694: 7253: 6854:2006 Serbian constitutional referendum 6838:2006 Panama Canal expansion referendum 4868:was rejected, 62% to 38%. Following a 4609:train. 90.3% of participants approved. 4196:as well as by the local government of 3973:, in which Slovenian forces drove the 3950:Constitution of the Republic of Serbia 3944:2006 Serbian constitutional referendum 3341:Elections in Latvia § Referendums 3161:provides two articles on referendums: 3072:a referendum concerning a "passed law" 3060:Elections in Greece § Referendums 2913:Elections in France § Referendums 2706:Elections in Cyprus § Referendums 2281:1989 Iranian constitutional referendum 2158:), a part of the newly formed country 8548:from the original on 4 September 2022 8519:from the original on 5 September 2022 8476:Initiative & Referendum Institute 8445: 8001: 7199:"Constitution of the Slovak Republic" 6818:1919 Norwegian prohibition referendum 6803:2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum 6403:Absolute majority if in general terms 5566:12% of the registrants in six months 5533:15% of the registrants in six months 5387:10% of the registrants in six months 4692:campaign, Medicaid for Idaho, to put 3478:Elections in Malta § Referendums 3436:regarding referendums in Luxembourg. 2854:a referendum on Estonian independence 8282:[The Popular Consultation], 8272: 7960: 7466:from the original on 8 November 2016 7369:Elections in Europe: A data handbook 6397:(≈ 1,8% of the registrants in 2018) 6368:(≈ 0,9% of the registrants in 2018) 6154:Petitions with more than one subject 5551:8% of the registrants in six months 5511:5 % of enrollees in six months 5146:adding citations to reliable sources 5113: 5032:Venezuelan recall referendum of 2004 4565:held two consecutive referendums on 4370:. This was to vote on changing the ' 3823:after consultation with Parliament. 2537:European Union membership referendum 8628:from the original on 1 October 2013 8098:from the original on March 18, 2014 7850:from the original on 8 October 2015 7838:SAIDEMAN, STEPHEN (12 March 2014). 7547:from the original on 20 August 2020 7492:from the original on 3 January 2012 7390: 7031:1997 Scottish devolution referendum 7026:1979 Scottish devolution referendum 6954:1924 Ontario prohibition referendum 6949:1921 Ontario prohibition referendum 6944:1919 Ontario prohibition referendum 6939:1902 Ontario prohibition referendum 6934:1894 Ontario prohibition plebiscite 6489:+ 35% of the registrants in favour 6470:+ 25% of the registrants in favour 6434:+ 25% of the registrants in favour 6341:+ 20% of the registrants in favour 6246:(≈1,5% of the registrants in 2016) 6224:1.5% of the registrants in 90 days 6213:+ 32% of the registrants in favour 6204:1.5% of the registrants in 45 days 6112:+ 30% of the registrants in favour 5910:2% of the registrants in two years 5264:(≈1,5% of the registrants in 2017) 5010:, to increase pensioners' incomes; 4977:Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico 4845:In a historical plebiscite held in 4791:, the country had just adopted the 4341:1997 Scottish devolution referendum 4212:, or if they wanted to restore the 4000:Referéndum para la reforma política 2433:was promoted and introduced by the 1498:Signatures of 350,000 voters needed 1069:No (only for advisory referendums, 916:Signatures of 200,000 voters needed 405:(in some countries synonymous with 13: 8368:ÓSCAR RODRÍGUEZ (March 30, 2019), 8211:"Scottish independence referendum" 8159:Vasovic, Aleksandar (2014-03-17). 7329: 6792:2004 Cypriot Annan Plan referendum 5073:, given in the King's name by the 4633:. 55,715 people voted in Morelos, 4619:November 24–25, 2018, refinery in 4277:Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People 4249:the new interim government in Kyiv 3499:1973 Gozo Civic Council referendum 3022:, "people's decision") on popular 2733:Constitution of the Czech Republic 2684:considers to be important for the 2437:for years and then enacted by the 2194:1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum 2114:real political reform in Hong Kong 1640:Signatures of 50,000 voters needed 1546:Signatures of 40,000 voters needed 14: 8691: 8358:El Heraldo de Mexico, Sep 3, 2019 7919:from the original on 9 March 2021 7812:Duc-Quang Nguyen (17 June 2015). 6981:Referendums in the United Kingdom 6874:2004 Venezuelan recall referendum 6864:List of Swiss federal referendums 5824:+1/3 of the registrants in favour 5034:voters determined whether or not 4327:Referendums in the United Kingdom 4320: 4216:and Crimea's status as a part of 3830:2 constitutional referendums: in 2727:Referendums in the Czech Republic 2720: 1110:Signatures of 1,500 voters needed 8652: 8407:Aristegui Noticias, Nov 15, 2019 7907:Oliphant, Roland (16 Mar 2014). 7046:2011 Welsh devolution referendum 7041:1997 Welsh devolution referendum 7036:1979 Welsh devolution referendum 6498: 6448: 6411: 6350: 6316: 6272: 6230: 6190: 6131: 6089: 6041: 5999: 5970: 5937: 5896: 5867: 5835: 5796: 5734: 5692: 5654: 5621: 5579: 5497: 5454: 5404: 5373: 5339: 5282: 5246: 5213: 5118: 4663: 4549:referendums on the secession of 4506: 4077:referendum which banned minarets 3918:was held on 30 November 1991 in 3465:the referendum on election rules 3459:European Constitution referendum 3009:Neugliederung des Bundesgebietes 2680:or on any other issue which the 1922: 1911: 1903: 1892: 1876: 1865: 1857: 1846: 1830: 1819: 1811: 1800: 1784: 1771: 1763: 1752: 1736: 1725: 1717: 1706: 1692: 1681: 1673: 1662: 1646: 1633: 1625: 1614: 1598: 1594: 1587: 1579: 1568: 1552: 1539: 1531: 1520: 1504: 1491: 1483: 1472: 1456: 1445: 1437: 1426: 1410: 1399: 1391: 1380: 1364: 1347: 1335: 1329: 1318: 1302: 1291: 1283: 1272: 1258: 1247: 1239: 1228: 1214: 1203: 1195: 1184: 1168: 1162: 1151: 1143: 1132: 1116: 1103: 1095: 1084: 1064: 1051: 1039: 1028: 1012: 1001: 993: 982: 968: 957: 949: 938: 922: 909: 901: 890: 874: 863: 855: 844: 828: 822: 811: 803: 792: 776: 763: 755: 744: 728: 717: 709: 698: 686: 674: 666: 655: 639: 626: 618: 607: 591: 580: 572: 561: 545: 539: 535: 528: 520: 509: 493: 478: 470: 464: 453: 424: 358: 337:List of direct democracy parties 36: 8614: 8589: 8578:from the original on 2023-12-18 8560: 8530: 8492: 8469: 8458:from the original on 2018-04-11 8410: 8391: 8253: 8242:from the original on 2019-07-24 8228: 8217:from the original on 2016-01-23 8203: 8178: 8167:from the original on 2016-01-24 8152: 8141:from the original on 2020-04-05 8122: 8077: 8066:from the original on 2014-03-15 8052: 8041:from the original on 2014-03-15 8027: 8016:from the original on 2015-11-20 7995: 7983:from the original on 4 May 2014 7949:from the original on 2021-02-24 7931: 7900: 7889:from the original on 2014-03-14 7820:from the original on 2016-08-06 7805: 7784: 7773:from the original on 2016-07-18 7755: 7724:from the original on 2013-08-26 7656:from the original on 2019-01-05 7642: 7631:from the original on 2021-01-26 7617: 7587: 7576:from the original on 2009-09-09 7562: 7513: 7504: 7478: 7448: 7437:from the original on 2013-11-03 7419: 7408:from the original on 2015-02-10 7381: 7358: 7347:from the original on 2016-03-04 7263:, Retrieved on 20 January 2010. 7242:from the original on 2018-09-20 7211:from the original on 2022-04-23 7180:from the original on 2020-11-01 7168:"Constitution of Liechtenstein" 7149:from the original on 2019-05-11 7124:from the original on 2018-08-14 6924:1995 Nunavut capital plebiscite 5110:Types of referendums by country 4941:Puerto Rican status referendums 4793:parliamentary government system 4270:United Nations General Assembly 4262:United Nations Security Council 4014:Referendum for political reform 3857:parliamentary reform referendum 3522:According to Article 75 of the 2445:before several sections of the 2360:. All referendums are binding. 2353:Constitution of the Philippines 1173:Amendments to chapters 1 and 14 441:Turnout threshold to be binding 7792:Eidgenössische Volksinitiative 7310: 7291: 7272:Leong, Alan (8 February 2010) 7266: 7222: 7191: 7160: 7135: 7104: 6884:1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite 6843:Puerto Rico status referendums 6631:European Constitutional Treaty 6330:2,500 then 40,000 in one month 5786:(≈7,5% of enrolments in 2017) 5080: 4934: 4409:, a regional assembly for the 4158:2014 Crimean status referendum 4056: 3705:Referendum on the Constitution 3556:Referendums in the Netherlands 3549: 3356:acceding to the European Union 3189:Alcohol Prohibition referendum 2894:Finnish prohibition referendum 2770:treaties of the European Union 2715:a referendum on the Annan Plan 2490:Amendments to the constitution 2488:since its foundation in 1923. 2347:Referendums in the Philippines 2340: 2214:People's Consultative Assembly 2084:Five Constituencies Referendum 1: 8446:Young, Jeffrey (2018-03-21). 8260:La consulta popular en México 7288:Retrieved on 21 January 2011. 7098: 6914:1948 Newfoundland referendums 6859:1992 South African referendum 6849:Republic of China referendums 6765:Arizona Proposition 204, 2006 6379:the twenty-six of the country 4891:The first referendum held in 4886: 4744:to qualify a measure for the 4696:expansion on the ballot; the 4479:was held on the issue of the 4194:Autonomous Republic of Crimea 3909: 3767:. Referendums are binding if 3420: 3101:2015 Greek bailout referendum 2576:, almost without any form of 2054: 2039: 8424:(in Spanish), Oct 28, 2018, 8322:(in Spanish), Nov 26, 2019, 6781:2004 Bolivian gas referendum 5359:have already been ratified. 5100:Supreme Court of New Zealand 5050: 5021: 5004:confirm or reject an amnesty 4469:Strathclyde Regional Council 4258:occupied by Russian soldiers 3711:Referendum on joining the EU 3406: 3195:Community service referendum 3139:People's Republic of Hungary 3079:There were 8 referendums in 3036:1955 Saar Statute referendum 2496:) and the executive branch ( 2435:Democratic Progressive Party 2378: 2371:province into two provinces 2204: 2170:North-West Frontier Province 2077: 438:Binding referendum on demand 7: 8286:(in Spanish), Oct 1, 2018, 8129:Gavin Hewitt (2014-03-17). 8002:Lally, Kathy (2014-04-17). 7510:Danmarks riges grundlov §42 7051:Edinburgh congestion charge 6797:Edinburgh congestion charge 6628:National referendums on the 6603: 4866:proposed left-wing document 4657:Governor of Baja California 4475:On Thursday 23 June 2016 a 4374:' system to an alternative 4364:European Economic Community 3956: 3740: 3353:recalling of the Parliament 2587: 2457: 2324: 2312: 1958:Egyptian Revolution of 2011 283:History of direct democracy 10: 8696: 8238:. BBC News. 24 June 2016. 7112:"Constitution of Colombia" 6395:100,000 in eighteen months 6366:50,000 in one hundred days 5446:Absolute majority of votes 5087:Referendums in New Zealand 5084: 5054: 5045: 4990: 4986: 4667: 4648:and 69.5% in favor of the 4569:in 2005 and 2009. In 2011 4515: 4324: 4301:Following the referendum, 4268:it and China abstained. A 4260:. Thirteen members of the 4155: 4151: 4106:federal popular initiative 4060: 4034: 3941: 3808: 3804: 3789:regionalisation referendum 3744: 3677: 3553: 3515: 3511: 3475: 3433:Constitution of Luxembourg 3424: 3410: 3338: 3301: 3249:Constitutional referendums 3241: 3237: 3225:Loan guarantees referendum 3219:Loan guarantees referendum 3152: 3110: 3106: 3057: 2987: 2983: 2925:(in power (1799-1815) and 2910: 2871: 2867: 2805: 2801: 2749: 2745: 2724: 2703: 2645: 2641: 2591: 2561: 2557: 2516: 2512: 2477: 2422: 2409:Two years after the merger 2344: 2290: 2245:An independence referendum 2180:1967 Goa status referendum 2098:League of Social Democrats 2081: 1994: 1983: 1963: 1945: 8376:(in Spanish), Monterrey, 7710:Statistical Yearbook 2011 7387:Nohlen & Stöver, p368 6575: 6569: 6543: 6496: 6446: 6436: 6431: 6427: 6424: 6409: 6386: 6348: 6299: 6294: 6290: 6285: 6270: 6260: 6255: 6248: 6243: 6228: 6215: 6210: 6206: 6188: 6164: 6161: 6150: 6144: 6129: 6114: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6087: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6039: 6029: 6024: 6017: 6012: 5997: 5925: 5920: 5912: 5909: 5894: 5758: 5755: 5732: 5717: 5708: 5705: 5690: 5609: 5604: 5597: 5592: 5577: 5557: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5495: 5480: 5477: 5470: 5467: 5452: 5432: 5427: 5420: 5417: 5402: 5308: 5305: 5280: 5026:The 1999 constitution of 4947:to determine whether the 4839:constitutional plebiscite 4779: 4775:Central and South America 4764:as a required procedure). 4641:. The plant was approved. 4577: 4557:in 2007, the province of 4536:constitutional convention 4511: 4349:parliamentary sovereignty 4309:declared independence of 4303:Supreme Council of Crimea 4254:the events surrounding it 4245:2014 Ukrainian revolution 4236:separation from Ukraine. 4214:1992 Crimean constitution 4030: 3937: 3883: 3673: 3664:constitutional convention 3652: 3334: 3213:Constitutional referendum 3093:constitutional referendum 3053: 3050:, "citizens' decision"). 2906: 2699: 2507: 2473: 2418: 2385:Constitution of Singapore 2210:Constitution of Indonesia 2182:was held in the state of 2118:functional constituencies 1991:Republic of South Sudan. 1936: 7706:Statistični letopis 2011 7598:. Vol. 20, 2013. p. 152 7261:South China Morning Post 5057:Referendums in Australia 4817: 4762:constitutional amendment 4701:Cathedral of the Rockies 4522:Referendums are rare in 4493:Her Majesty's Government 4477:third UK-wide referendum 4426:Her Majesty's Government 4403:Greater London Authority 4339:was created through the 3984: 3851:voting system referendum 3631:House of Representatives 3622:was held in March 2018. 3574:House of Representatives 3494:House of Representatives 3471: 3413:Referendums in Lithuania 3297: 3146:Migrant quota referendum 2994:Following World War II, 2860:was still a part of the 2574:representative democracy 2548:nuclear power referendum 2397:1962 national referendum 2330:General Pervez Musharraf 2297:Kirkuk status referendum 2219:representative democracy 2126: 1979: 1941: 7526:The Revolution Betrayed 7367:& Stöver, P (2010) 7062:Referendums related to 6725:Parliamentary approvals 6721:: cancelled; never held 6705:: cancelled; never held 6699:: cancelled; never held 6673:: cancelled; never held 6657:: cancelled; never held 6651:: cancelled; never held 6570:15% of the registrants 6560:+ 25% of participation 6552:20% of the registrants 6512:10% of the registrants 6481:10% of the registrants 6462:25% of the registrants 6103:10% of the registrants 6077:25% of the registrants 6055:10% of the registrants 5881:25% of the registrants 5849:10% of the registrants 5706:10% of the registrants 5353:400,000 in three months 5330:20% of the registrants 5197:Restrictions / Details 5067:Australian constitution 4856:after waves of popular 4456:of the United Kingdom. 4307:Sevastopol City Council 4202:subdivisions of Ukraine 3817:Constitution of Romania 3524:Constitution of Moldova 3255:Constitution of Ireland 3159:constitution of Iceland 2880:Constitution of Finland 2814:Constitution of Estonia 2781:Constitution of Denmark 2760:. A law that transfers 2674:constitution of Croatia 2552:conscription referendum 2286: 2254: 2034: 332:Participatory budgeting 8675:Referendums by country 8037:. Un.org. 2013-01-02. 7596:Juridica International 6969:1995 Quebec referendum 6964:1980 Quebec referendum 6715:(77% with 42% turnout) 6693:(62% with 63% turnout) 6683:(57% with 88% turnout) 6667:(55% with 69% turnout) 5319:5% of the registrants 5298:departments of Bolivia 5040:President of Venezuela 4707: 4612:November 24–25, 2018, 4607:Isthmus of Tehuantepec 4605:November 24–25, 2018, 4532:Constitution of Canada 4344: 4185: 4121: 4080: 4043:Constitution of Sweden 3999: 3975:Yugoslav People's Army 3735:parliamentary election 3599:), Niesco Dubbelboer ( 3518:Referendums in Moldova 3347:Constitution of Latvia 3325:Senate of the Republic 3207:Prohibition referendum 3201:Sovereignty referendum 2990:Referendums in Germany 2970:constitutional changes 2711:Constitution of Cyprus 2502:Constitution of Turkey 2319:Malaysian Constitution 2259:In 1979 and after the 2188:Union Territory of Goa 2140:1947 Sylhet referendum 2110:Basic Law of Hong Kong 93:Referendums by country 8280:"La Consulta Popular" 7976:Ukrainian News Agency 7704:[Elections]. 7572:. Elections Ireland. 6879:Referendums in Canada 6786:Carinthian Plebiscite 6336:well as amnesty laws 6244:100,000 in seven days 6180:legislative districts 6147:legislative districts 5769:1,000 in thirty days 4969:Estado Libre Asociado 4852:A referendum held in 4718:as with California's 4684: 4678:does not provide for. 4518:Referendums in Canada 4430:European Constitution 4334: 4175:Vladimir Konstantinov 4165: 4115: 4074: 4037:Referendums in Sweden 3757:President of Portugal 3680:Referendums in Poland 3579:In order to hold the 3487:Constitution of Malta 3169:votes to dismiss the 2917:Referendums in France 2818:Parliament of Estonia 2525:Austrian constitution 2480:Referendums in Turkey 2425:Referendums in Taiwan 2375:, which was approved 2332:held a referendum in 2133:Constitution of India 2116:and the abolition of 265:Referendums by method 8544:. 4 September 2022. 6904:Charlottetown Accord 6621:Specific referendums 6595:constituent assembly 6541:+ 40% participation 6297:+ 50% participation 6258:+ 50% participation 6027:+ 50% participation 5923:+ 40% participation 5858:+ 50% participation 5826:+ 50% participation 5728:+ 50% participation 5675:47 county assemblies 5645:+ 50% participation 5607:+ 50% participation 5571:constituent assembly 5448:+ 40% participation 5430:+ 30% participation 5395:+ 25% participation 5142:improve this section 4897:free trade agreement 4812:project disarmament. 4758:Legislative referral 4528:Charlottetown Accord 4101:Mandatory referendum 4067:Mandatory referendum 3893:Constitution of 1993 3821:President of Romania 3666:, will not have any 3308:The constitution of 3304:Referendums in Italy 3274:Ordinary referendums 3095:in 1968 held by the 3001:German reunification 2682:President of Croatia 2664:President of Croatia 2533:Federal Constitution 2365:a plebiscite in 1987 2303:Constitution of Iraq 2293:Constitution of Iraq 2235:(PEPERA) integrated 1986:Referendums in Kenya 1356:legislative district 1046:referendums in Italy 550:Comprehensive change 222:Referendums by issue 80:Mandatory referendum 60:Legislative referral 8062:. NPR. 2014-03-15. 8009:The Washington Post 7404:. 25 January 2013. 7317:UU No. 6 Tahun 1999 7298:UU No. 5 Tahun 1985 7285:Wall Street Journal 6517:States of Venezuela 5182: 4993:Politics of Uruguay 4826:In 1978, after the 4722:and Massachusetts' 4650:Santa Lucia Airport 4598:, or 2% of voters. 4592:Chamber of Deputies 4555:provincial election 4483:41 years after the 4461:national referendum 4372:First Past the Post 4337:Scottish Parliament 4177:(second, left) and 4093:Optional referendum 4063:Optional referendum 3922:on creation of the 3795:abortion referendum 3783:abortion referendum 3321:Chamber of Deputies 3280:ordinary referendum 2974:treaty ratification 2678:Croatian Parliament 2658:Croatian Parliament 2358:people's initiative 1974:War of Independence 417:in which an entire 365:Politics portal 55:Optional referendum 8485:2010-07-25 at the 8403:2019-11-16 at the 8354:2019-11-15 at the 8265:2019-11-15 at the 8197:The New York Times 8190:2014-11-24 at the 8094:. March 18, 2014. 7882:The New York Times 7798:2013-08-20 at the 7603:2014-07-14 at the 7322:2015-03-26 at the 7303:2015-09-14 at the 7279:2018-02-09 at the 6845:(1967, 1993, 1998) 6637:Superseded by the 6576:Absolute majority 6521:Absolute majority 6384:Absolute majority 6162:Absolute majority 6157:Emergency measures 6061:Absolute majority 5990:Absolute majority 5887:Absolute majority 5784:1,500 in six weeks 5756:Absolute majority 5748:1,000 in six weeks 5558:Absolute majority 5517:Absolute majority 5478:Absolute majority 5393:Absolute majority 5306:Absolute majority 5180: 4953:independent nation 4905:Dominican Republic 4830:protested against 4752:Popular referendum 4708: 4621:Dos Bocas, Tabasco 4345: 4186: 4122: 4081: 3979:another referendum 3928:Russian Federation 3751:The referendum in 3085:form of government 2261:Islamic Revolution 2233:Act of Free Choice 317:Citizens' assembly 289:Athenian democracy 75:Popular referendum 65:Popular initiative 7979:. 27 March 2014. 7377:978-3-8329-5609-7 6775:Belfast Agreement 6761: 6760: 6601: 6600: 6539:Absolute majority 6487:Absolute majority 6468:Absolute majority 6432:Absolute majority 6339:Absolute majority 6295:Absolute majority 6256:Absolute majority 6251:National Assembly 6211:Absolute majority 6110:Absolute majority 6025:Absolute majority 5921:Absolute majority 5856:Absolute majority 5822:Absolute majority 5726:Absolute majority 5713:Absolute majority 5681:Absolute majority 5643:Absolute majority 5605:Absolute majority 5600:National Assembly 5428:Absolute majority 5362:Absolute majority 5271:Absolute majority 5178: 5177: 5170: 4973:fourth referendum 4951:should become an 4313:from Ukraine and 4241:Viktor Yanukovych 4229:1992 constitution 4181:(right) sign the 3895:was adopted by a 3755:is called by the 3605:Boris van der Ham 3329:Regional Councils 3013:Baden-Württemberg 2962:Charles De Gaulle 2383:According to the 1934: 1933: 409:, or a vote on a 399: 398: 70:Recall referendum 8687: 8657: 8656: 8648: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8618: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8608: 8593: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8583: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8496: 8490: 8473: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8422:El Sol de Mexico 8414: 8408: 8395: 8389: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8365: 8359: 8346: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8312: 8299: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8276: 8270: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8207: 8201: 8200:, March 17, 2014 8182: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8156: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8126: 8120: 8119: 8105: 8103: 8081: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8056: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8046: 8031: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8021: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7967: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7904: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7857: 7855: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7809: 7803: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7778: 7767:Iberianature.com 7759: 7753: 7752: 7746: 7742: 7740: 7732: 7730: 7729: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7682: 7671: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7661: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7621: 7615: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7581: 7566: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7552: 7529:. 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5075:Governor-General 4858:protests in 2019 4584:consulta popular 4571:British Columbia 4563:British Columbia 4485:first referendum 4442:Treaty of Lisbon 4419:Northern Ireland 4380:Alternative Vote 4376:Electoral System 4134:direct democracy 4021:Francisco Franco 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4002: 3853:in November 2007 3570:Volksraadpleging 2852:Also, there was 2611:8 September 1946 2604:19 November 1922 2578:direct democracy 2544:National Council 2468:Samak Sundaravej 2439:Legislative Yuan 2394: 2277:Islamic Republic 2273:Islamic Republic 2265:Iranian monarchy 2263:had toppled the 2168:was held in the 2092:government, the 1956:, following the 1926: 1915: 1907: 1897: 1896: 1880: 1869: 1861: 1851: 1850: 1834: 1823: 1815: 1805: 1804: 1788: 1775: 1767: 1757: 1756: 1740: 1729: 1721: 1711: 1710: 1696: 1685: 1677: 1667: 1666: 1650: 1637: 1629: 1619: 1618: 1602: 1591: 1583: 1573: 1572: 1556: 1543: 1535: 1525: 1524: 1508: 1495: 1487: 1477: 1476: 1460: 1449: 1441: 1431: 1430: 1414: 1403: 1395: 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Although the 4520: 4514: 4509: 4399:Mayor of London 4329: 4323: 4210:federal subject 4173:(first, left), 4171:Sergey Aksyonov 4169:(third, left), 4160: 4154: 4069: 4059: 4039: 4033: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 3987: 3959: 3946: 3940: 3924:Ingush Republic 3912: 3886: 3813: 3807: 3749: 3743: 3682: 3676: 3655: 3581:2005 referendum 3558: 3552: 3520: 3514: 3480: 3474: 3429: 3423: 3415: 3409: 3343: 3337: 3306: 3300: 3290:and a third of 3246: 3240: 3155: 3115: 3109: 3062: 3056: 3048:Bürgerentscheid 3040:Bürgerbefragung 2992: 2986: 2919: 2911:Main articles: 2909: 2876: 2870: 2810: 2804: 2754: 2748: 2729: 2723: 2708: 2702: 2650: 2644: 2632:6 November 2016 2625:27 January 2013 2596: 2590: 2566: 2560: 2521: 2515: 2510: 2482: 2476: 2460: 2427: 2421: 2392: 2381: 2349: 2343: 2327: 2315: 2299: 2291:Main articles: 2289: 2257: 2207: 2144:Sylhet district 2129: 2086: 2080: 2057: 2042: 2037: 1997: 1988: 1982: 1966: 1950: 1944: 1939: 1891: 1845: 1799: 1777: 1751: 1705: 1661: 1639: 1613: 1567: 1545: 1519: 1497: 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6988: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6794: 6789: 6783: 6778: 6772: 6767: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6733: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6722: 6719:United Kingdom 6716: 6706: 6700: 6694: 6684: 6674: 6668: 6658: 6652: 6649:Czech Republic 6643: 6642: 6634: 6633: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6612: 6605: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6591: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6530: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6519: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6494: 6493: 6490: 6485: 6482: 6479: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6444: 6443: 6439: 6438: 6435: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6337: 6333: 6328: 6325: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6281: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6254: 6247: 6242: 6239: 6226: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6186: 6185: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6155: 6149: 6143: 6140: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6113: 6108: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6085: 6084: 6081: 6078: 6075: 6071: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6037: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6023: 6016: 6011: 6008: 5995: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5949: 5946: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5919: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5892: 5891: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5863: 5862: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5844: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5808: 5805: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5770: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5746: 5743: 5730: 5729: 5724: 5720: 5719: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5679: 5671: 5666: 5663: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5641: 5638: 5633: 5630: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5603: 5596: 5591: 5588: 5575: 5574: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5544: 5541: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5512: 5509: 5506: 5493: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5450: 5449: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5434: 5431: 5426: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5400: 5399: 5396: 5391: 5388: 5385: 5382: 5369: 5368: 5365: 5360: 5356: 5351: 5348: 5335: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5278: 5277: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5242: 5241: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5195: 5190: 5187: 5176: 5175: 5126: 5124: 5117: 5111: 5108: 5096:constitutional 5085:Main article: 5082: 5079: 5055:Main article: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5023: 5020: 4991:Main article: 4988: 4985: 4963:, or maintain 4955:(comprising a 4936: 4933: 4888: 4885: 4870:second process 4862:September 2022 4828:United Nations 4819: 4816: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4765: 4755: 4749: 4724:Proposition 2½ 4720:Proposition 13 4716:property taxes 4668:Main article: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4653: 4642: 4627: 4624: 4617: 4610: 4579: 4576: 4516:Main article: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4501:United Kingdom 4497:European Union 4446:pound sterling 4407:Greater London 4353:United Kingdom 4325:Main article: 4322: 4321:United Kingdom 4319: 4247:as a coup and 4179:Aleksei Chalyi 4167:Vladimir Putin 4156:Main article: 4153: 4150: 4110: 4109: 4097: 4058: 4055: 4035:Main article: 4032: 4029: 3986: 3983: 3958: 3955: 3942:Main article: 3939: 3936: 3911: 3908: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3874: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3838: 3809:Main article: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3745:Main article: 3742: 3739: 3720: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3694: 3678:Main article: 3675: 3672: 3654: 3651: 3562:States General 3554:Main article: 3551: 3548: 3516:Main article: 3513: 3510: 3503:Local Councils 3476:Main article: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3425:Main article: 3422: 3419: 3411:Main article: 3408: 3405: 3386:super-majority 3367: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3339:Main article: 3336: 3333: 3302:Main article: 3299: 3296: 3288:Seanad Éireann 3242:Main article: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3130: 3129: 3126: 3111:Main article: 3108: 3105: 3097:military junta 3077: 3076: 3073: 3058:Main article: 3055: 3052: 3044:Bürgerbegehren 3032:Volksbefragung 3020:Volksentscheid 2988:Main article: 2985: 2982: 2978:super-majority 2966:Fifth Republic 2908: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2897: 2872:Main article: 2869: 2866: 2856:in 1991 while 2850: 2849: 2843: 2835:was restored: 2806:Main article: 2803: 2800: 2750:Main article: 2747: 2744: 2725:Main article: 2722: 2721:Czech Republic 2719: 2704:Main article: 2701: 2698: 2670: 2669: 2668:The population 2666: 2660: 2646:Main article: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2628: 2621: 2614: 2607: 2592:Main article: 2589: 2586: 2562:Main article: 2559: 2556: 2517:Main article: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2478:Main article: 2475: 2472: 2459: 2456: 2447:Referendum Act 2431:Referendum Act 2423:Main article: 2420: 2417: 2411:, Singapore's 2380: 2377: 2345:Main article: 2342: 2339: 2326: 2323: 2314: 2311: 2288: 2285: 2256: 2253: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2191: 2177: 2163: 2128: 2125: 2082:Main article: 2079: 2076: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 1996: 1993: 1984:Main article: 1981: 1978: 1965: 1962: 1946:Main article: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1920: 1917: 1909: 1901: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1874: 1871: 1863: 1855: 1853:United Kingdom 1842: 1841: 1836: 1828: 1825: 1817: 1809: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1782: 1779: 1769: 1761: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1734: 1731: 1723: 1715: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1690: 1687: 1679: 1671: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1644: 1641: 1631: 1623: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1596: 1593: 1585: 1577: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1550: 1547: 1537: 1529: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1502: 1499: 1489: 1481: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1454: 1451: 1443: 1435: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1408: 1405: 1397: 1389: 1376: 1375: 1370: 1362: 1359: 1345: 1327: 1314: 1313: 1308: 1300: 1297: 1289: 1281: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1256: 1253: 1245: 1237: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1212: 1209: 1201: 1193: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1160: 1157: 1149: 1141: 1128: 1127: 1122: 1114: 1111: 1101: 1093: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1062: 1059: 1049: 1037: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1010: 1007: 999: 991: 978: 977: 974: 966: 963: 955: 947: 934: 933: 928: 920: 917: 907: 899: 886: 885: 880: 872: 869: 861: 853: 840: 839: 834: 820: 817: 809: 801: 788: 787: 782: 774: 771: 761: 753: 740: 739: 734: 726: 723: 715: 707: 705:Czech Republic 694: 693: 688: 685: 682: 672: 664: 651: 650: 645: 637: 634: 624: 616: 603: 602: 597: 589: 586: 578: 570: 557: 556: 551: 537: 534: 526: 518: 505: 504: 499: 491: 484: 476: 462: 449: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 435:Referendum law 433: 426: 423: 413:) is a direct 397: 396: 394: 393: 386: 379: 371: 368: 367: 354: 353: 350: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 327:Citizen's jury 324: 319: 314: 308: 305: 304: 301: 300: 297: 296: 291: 285: 282: 281: 278: 277: 274: 273: 267: 264: 263: 260: 259: 256: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 224: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 96: 91: 90: 87: 86: 83: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 51: 46: 45: 42: 41: 33: 32: 26: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8692: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8649: 8646: 8627: 8623: 8617: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8577: 8573: 8569: 8563: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8533: 8518: 8514: 8510: 8506: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8484: 8481: 8477: 8472: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8413: 8406: 8402: 8399: 8394: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8364: 8357: 8353: 8350: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8325: 8321: 8317: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8289: 8285: 8284:Foro Juridico 8281: 8275: 8268: 8264: 8261: 8256: 8241: 8237: 8231: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8199: 8198: 8193: 8189: 8186: 8181: 8166: 8162: 8155: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8125: 8118: 8116: 8112: 8097: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8080: 8065: 8061: 8055: 8040: 8036: 8030: 8015: 8011: 8010: 8005: 7998: 7982: 7978: 7977: 7972: 7966: 7964: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7934: 7918: 7914: 7913:The Telegraph 7910: 7903: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7872: 7865: 7863: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7834: 7819: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7787: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7758: 7750: 7738: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7697: 7686: 7679: 7678: 7670: 7655: 7651: 7645: 7630: 7626: 7620: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7590: 7575: 7571: 7565: 7558: 7546: 7542: 7540:9780486119830 7536: 7532: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7521:Trotsky, Leon 7516: 7507: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7465: 7461: 7460:ElectionGuide 7457: 7451: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7384: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7361: 7346: 7343:(in German). 7342: 7338: 7332: 7325: 7321: 7318: 7313: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7294: 7287: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7275: 7269: 7262: 7256: 7238: 7231: 7225: 7207: 7200: 7194: 7176: 7169: 7163: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7120: 7113: 7107: 7103: 7092: 7089: 7087:(non-binding) 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6979: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6754: 6749: 6747: 6742: 6740: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6682: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6669: 6666: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6627: 6626: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6596: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6572: 6564: 6563: 6557: 6554: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6501: 6495: 6491: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6467: 6464: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6451: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6421: 6419: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6399: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6383: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6353: 6347: 6343: 6338: 6334: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6282: 6280: 6275: 6269: 6265: 6264: 6252: 6240: 6238: 6233: 6227: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6193: 6187: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6141: 6139: 6134: 6128: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6099: 6097: 6092: 6086: 6082: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6068: 6067: 6051: 6049: 6044: 6038: 6034: 6033: 6021: 6009: 6007: 6002: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5929: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5899: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5821: 5818: 5814: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5752: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5741:Liechtenstein 5737: 5731: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5642: 5639: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5618: 5614: 5613: 5601: 5589: 5587: 5582: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5553: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5507: 5505: 5500: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5484: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5414: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5397: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5285: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5210: 5204: 5200:Conditions of 5199: 5196: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5172: 5169: 5161: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5127:This section 5125: 5121: 5116: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5043: 5041: 5038:, the former 5037: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4914: 4911:known as the 4910: 4909:United States 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4884: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4874:December 2023 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4848: 4843: 4840: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4815: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731:United States 4727: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4712:Massachusetts 4706: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4677: 4671: 4664:United States 4658: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4590:, 33% of the 4589: 4585: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4507:North America 4504: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4489:David Cameron 4486: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4470: 4464: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4397:, an elected 4396: 4392: 4388: 4383: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4291:voter turnout 4287: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4130:Bruno S. Frey 4126: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4001: 3996: 3992: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3951: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3897:controversial 3894: 3891: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3802: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3668:legal binding 3665: 3661: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3428: 3418: 3414: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3391: 3390:Voter turnout 3387: 3383: 3378: 3374: 3372: 3371:Voter turnout 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3311: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3175: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3135:voter turnout 3127: 3124: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3114: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3061: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3028:Volksbegehren 3025: 3021: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3007:i.e. States ( 3006: 3002: 2997: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2914: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2777: 2775: 2774:Lisbon treaty 2771: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2758:expropriation 2753: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2697: 2694: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2550:in 1978, and 2549: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2455: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2395:to date, the 2390: 2386: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2359: 2354: 2348: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2322: 2320: 2310: 2308: 2307:United States 2304: 2298: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2174:British India 2171: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2154:(present day 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2105:referendum". 2104: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1992: 1987: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1949: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1900: 1899:United States 1895: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1559: 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254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 225: 219: 218: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 97: 94: 89: 88: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 52: 49: 44: 43: 39: 35: 34: 31: 28: 27: 24: 20: 19: 16: 8632:30 September 8630:. Retrieved 8616: 8605:. Retrieved 8603:. 2023-12-17 8600: 8591: 8580:. Retrieved 8571: 8562: 8550:. Retrieved 8541: 8532: 8521:. Retrieved 8504: 8494: 8471: 8460:. Retrieved 8451: 8441: 8432:November 16, 8430:, retrieved 8421: 8412: 8393: 8384:November 16, 8382:, retrieved 8373: 8363: 8330:November 16, 8328:, retrieved 8319: 8292:, retrieved 8283: 8274: 8255: 8244:. Retrieved 8230: 8219:. Retrieved 8213:. BBC News. 8205: 8195: 8180: 8169:. Retrieved 8154: 8143:. Retrieved 8124: 8107: 8100:. Retrieved 8089: 8079: 8068:. Retrieved 8054: 8043:. Retrieved 8029: 8018:. Retrieved 8007: 7997: 7985:. Retrieved 7974: 7951:. Retrieved 7942: 7933: 7921:. Retrieved 7912: 7902: 7891:. Retrieved 7880: 7871: 7859: 7854:10 September 7852:. Retrieved 7843: 7833: 7822:. Retrieved 7807: 7791: 7786: 7775:. Retrieved 7766: 7757: 7726:. Retrieved 7709: 7705: 7696: 7685:the original 7676: 7669: 7658:. Retrieved 7644: 7633:. Retrieved 7619: 7595: 7589: 7578:. Retrieved 7564: 7556: 7549:. Retrieved 7531:Eastman, Max 7525: 7515: 7506: 7494:. Retrieved 7480: 7468:. Retrieved 7459: 7450: 7439:. Retrieved 7430: 7421: 7410:. Retrieved 7392: 7383: 7368: 7360: 7349:. Retrieved 7340: 7331: 7312: 7293: 7283: 7268: 7260: 7255: 7244:. Retrieved 7224: 7213:. Retrieved 7193: 7182:. Retrieved 7162: 7151:. Retrieved 7137: 7126:. Retrieved 7106: 6994: 6712: 6690: 6680: 6664: 6590:Constituent 6567:of a treaty 6565:Ratification 6524:Non Binding 6509:Legislative 6422:Legislative 6372: 6283:Legislative 6241:Legislative 6201:Legislative 6142:Legislative 6100:Legislative 6052:Legislative 6010:Legislative 5993:Non binding 5981:Legislative 5907:Legislative 5878:Constituent 5807:Legislative 5774:Swiss Francs 5745:Legislative 5703:Legislative 5590:Legislative 5563:Constituent 5508:Legislative 5465:Legislative 5415:Legislative 5350:Legislative 5316:of a treaty 5314:Ratification 5293:Legislative 5224:Legislative 5164: 5155: 5140:Please help 5128: 5104: 5090: 5071:Royal Assent 5060: 5025: 4996: 4968: 4965:commonwealth 4949:insular area 4938: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4915:(DR-CAFTA). 4890: 4878: 4851: 4844: 4836: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4804: 4797: 4786: 4783: 4728: 4709: 4676:Constitution 4673: 4600: 4583: 4581: 4540: 4521: 4474: 4472:April 1996. 4465: 4458: 4423: 4384: 4357: 4346: 4300: 4288: 4281: 4238: 4222: 4187: 4148:since 1848. 4142:modern state 4138: 4127: 4123: 4099: 4091: 4082: 4040: 3988: 3960: 3947: 3913: 3904: 3887: 3869:only in the 3825: 3814: 3800: 3777: 3773: 3750: 3732: 3721: 3683: 3667: 3656: 3627: 3624: 3613: 3609:Democrats 66 3593:Farah Karimi 3578: 3569: 3566: 3559: 3521: 3507: 3491: 3484: 3481: 3441: 3438: 3430: 3416: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3344: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3292:Dáil Éireann 3284: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3253:The current 3252: 3248: 3247: 3179: 3156: 3131: 3119:Constitution 3116: 3078: 3066:Constitution 3063: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3019: 3017: 3008: 3005:Bundesländer 2996:West Germany 2993: 2959: 2927:Napoleon III 2920: 2888: 2877: 2858:Estonian SSR 2851: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2811: 2792:capitulation 2785: 2778: 2767: 2755: 2741: 2730: 2709: 2693:constitution 2690: 2686:independence 2671: 2651: 2637: 2597: 2582: 2567: 2541: 2522: 2483: 2461: 2446: 2430: 2428: 2388: 2382: 2362: 2350: 2328: 2316: 2301:The current 2300: 2258: 2241:deliberation 2227: 2208: 2142:was held in 2130: 2122: 2107: 2102: 2087: 2058: 2029: 2025: 2022: 1998: 1989: 1967: 1951: 1669:Saudi Arabia 1071:like in 1989 410: 406: 402: 400: 342:Ballot title 271:E-referendum 248:Independence 228:Civil rights 92: 21:Part of the 15: 8680:Referendums 8552:4 September 8163:. Reuters. 7862:irredentism 7745:|work= 7066:accession: 6687:Netherlands 6549:Revocatory 6529:Abrogative 6459:Abrogative 6442:Abrogative 6357:Switzerland 6327:Abrogative 6305:Abrogative 6266:Abrogative 6221:Abrogative 6170:Abrogative 6138:Philippines 6120:Abrogative 6069:Abrogative 6035:Abrogative 5977:New Zealand 5931:Abrogative 5846:Abrogative 5632:Abrogative 5615:Abrogative 5536:Unlike the 5530:Revocatory 5525:Abrogative 5486:Abrogative 5438:Abrogative 5384:Abrogative 5309:Restricted 5207:(if valid) 5194:signatures 5092:New Zealand 5081:New Zealand 5036:Hugo Chávez 4945:Puerto Rico 4935:Puerto Rico 4703:hosted the 4614:Mayan Train 4085:Switzerland 4057:Switzerland 4047:prohibition 3971:Ten-Day War 3967:Yugoslavian 3934:secession. 3930:amidst the 3926:within the 3867:another one 3550:Netherlands 3024:initiatives 2762:sovereignty 2618:16 May 1971 2570:referendums 2466:'s premier 2369:Maguindanao 2341:Philippines 2152:East Bengal 2094:Civic Party 2062:, formerly 2001:Mohammed VI 1713:South Korea 1621:Switzerland 1325:Philippines 1235:North Korea 185:Switzerland 170:Philippines 160:New Zealand 155:Netherlands 8669:Categories 8607:2023-12-18 8582:2023-12-18 8542:La Tercera 8523:2022-09-05 8462:2018-04-15 8246:2016-06-24 8221:2016-01-25 8171:2016-01-25 8145:2016-01-25 8091:kremlin.ru 8070:2014-03-17 8045:2014-03-17 8020:2016-01-25 7953:2016-01-25 7893:2016-01-25 7824:2016-01-28 7777:2016-01-25 7728:2013-11-15 7660:2019-01-04 7635:2021-01-26 7580:2010-04-20 7496:10 January 7470:7 November 7441:2016-01-25 7412:2016-01-25 7351:2016-01-25 7246:2019-01-20 7215:2019-01-20 7184:2019-01-20 7153:2019-01-20 7128:2019-01-20 7099:References 6677:Luxembourg 6593:Convene a 6362:Abrogative 6197:San Marino 5944:Micronesia 5765:Abrogative 5569:Convene a 5473:Parliament 5411:Costa Rica 5258:Abrogative 4981:unicameral 4893:Costa Rica 4887:Costa Rica 4881:Las Condes 4742:signatures 4738:Initiative 4705:volunteers 4690:canvassing 4687:initiative 4411:North-East 4387:devolution 4273:resolution 4225:status quo 4198:Sevastopol 4061:See also: 4025:referendum 3991:referendum 3920:Ingushetia 3916:referendum 3910:Ingushetia 3900:referendum 3871:Olt County 3765:Government 3715:in 2015 - 3709:in 2003 - 3703:in 1997 - 3597:GroenLinks 3421:Luxembourg 3382:electorate 3264:Oireachtas 3167:parliament 3099:, and the 2923:Napoleon I 2816:gives the 2494:parliament 2269:referendum 2249:East Timor 2156:Bangladesh 2072:referendum 2060:East Timor 2055:East Timor 2047:Bangladesh 2040:Bangladesh 2009:Casablanca 1021:March 2024 419:electorate 407:plebiscite 403:referendum 8513:0190-8286 8320:BBC Mundo 8102:March 18, 7943:Unian.net 7747:ignored ( 7737:cite book 7718:1318-5403 7702:"Volitve" 7613:1406-5509 7365:Nohlen, D 6505:Venezuela 5803:Lithuania 5668:1,000,000 5538:president 5220:Argentina 5202:validity 5129:does not 5051:Australia 5028:Venezuela 5022:Venezuela 4999:Uruguayan 4961:statehood 4698:Methodist 4588:President 4448:with the 4424:In 2004, 3688:in 1996: 3407:Lithuania 3268:President 3171:president 2796:Schleswig 2739:in 2003. 2554:in 2013. 2529:President 2498:president 2379:Singapore 2229:Indonesia 2223:Pancasila 2205:Indonesia 2090:Hong Kong 2078:Hong Kong 2070:, held a 2068:Indonesia 2017:Marrakesh 1139:Lithuania 945:Indonesia 490:required. 460:Australia 347:Sortition 150:Lithuania 100:Australia 8659:Politics 8626:Archived 8576:Archived 8546:Archived 8517:Archived 8483:Archived 8478:(2013). 8456:Archived 8426:archived 8401:Archived 8378:archived 8352:Archived 8324:archived 8288:archived 8263:Archived 8240:Archived 8215:Archived 8188:Archived 8165:Archived 8139:Archived 8135:BBC News 8096:Archived 8064:Archived 8039:Archived 8014:Archived 7987:27 March 7981:Archived 7947:Archived 7917:Archived 7887:Archived 7848:Archived 7818:Archived 7796:Archived 7771:Archived 7722:Archived 7654:Archived 7629:Archived 7601:Archived 7574:Archived 7545:Archived 7523:(1937). 7490:Archived 7464:Archived 7435:Archived 7406:Archived 7402:BBC News 7345:Archived 7320:Archived 7301:Archived 7277:Archived 7237:Archived 7206:Archived 7175:Archived 7147:Archived 7119:Archived 6995:proposed 6703:Portugal 6604:See also 6544:Binding 6492:Binding 6473:Binding 6437:Binding 6387:Binding 6344:Binding 6323:Slovenia 6300:Binding 6279:Slovakia 6261:Binding 6216:Binding 6165:Binding 6115:Binding 6064:Binding 6030:Binding 6020:Assembly 5964:Binding 5926:Binding 5890:Binding 5861:Binding 5829:Binding 5759:Binding 5718:Binding 5686:Binding 5648:Binding 5610:Binding 5520:Binding 5481:Binding 5433:Binding 5398:Binding 5380:Colombia 5367:Binding 5346:Bulgaria 5276:Binding 5238:Congress 5192:Required 5186:Country 5158:May 2019 4957:republic 4837:Another 4832:Pinochet 4694:Medicaid 4639:Tlaxcala 4454:currency 4391:Scotland 4295:Gallup's 4234:de facto 3963:Slovenia 3957:Slovenia 3842:May 2007 3761:Assembly 3753:Portugal 3741:Portugal 3633:and the 3089:monarchy 2902:in 1994. 2588:Bulgaria 2568:Binding 2464:Thailand 2458:Thailand 2401:autonomy 2334:Pakistan 2325:Pakistan 2313:Malaysia 2160:Pakistan 2103:de facto 2096:and the 2064:governed 1527:Slovenia 1479:Slovakia 1191:Malaysia 614:Colombia 180:Slovakia 8601:Reuters 8572:AP News 8374:Milenio 8294:Nov 15, 7923:4 April 7551:26 June 7371:, p368 7341:Sudd.ch 6671:Ireland 6655:Denmark 6455:Uruguay 6286:350,000 6013:150,000 5810:300,000 5635:500,000 5593:200,000 5586:Hungary 5504:Ecuador 5461:Croatia 5289:Bolivia 5253:Albania 5150:removed 5135:sources 5046:Oceania 5016:in 2004 5012:in 1992 5008:in 1989 4987:Uruguay 4729:In the 4631:Morelos 4559:Ontario 4452:as the 4415:England 4243:in the 4218:Ukraine 4200:, both 4152:Ukraine 4008: 3932:Chechen 3890:Russian 3879:in 2019 3859:in 2009 3844:and in 3805:Romania 3797:of 2007 3791:of 1998 3785:of 1998 3769:turnout 3763:or the 3583:on the 3528:Moldova 3512:Moldova 3467:in 2015 3461:in 2005 3455:in 1937 3449:in 1919 3259:Ireland 3238:Ireland 3182:Iceland 3153:Iceland 3107:Hungary 2984:Germany 2896:in 1931 2868:Finland 2848:in 2003 2842:in 1992 2802:Estonia 2788:Germany 2746:Denmark 2642:Croatia 2558:Belgium 2513:Austria 2500:). 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