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thinking about 'what's next' rather than 'what just happened' can constrain an educator's reflective process. The concept of reflection is difficult as beginning teachers are stuck between "the conflicting values of schools and universities" and "the contradictory values at work within schools and within university faculties and with the increasing influence of factors external to school and universities such as policy makers". Conflicting opinions make it difficult to direct the reflection process, as it is hard to establish what values you are trying to align with. It is important to acknowledge reflective practice "follows a twisting path that involves false starts and detours". Meaning once you reflect on an issue it cannot be set aside as many assume. Newman refers to Gilroy's assertion that "the 'knowledge' produced by reflection can only be recognized by further reflection, which in turn requires reflection to recognize it as knowledge". In turn, reflective practice cannot hold one meaning, it is contextual based on the practitioner. It is argued that the term 'reflection' shouldn't be used as there are associations to it being "more of a hindrance than a help". It is suggested the term is referred to 'critical practice' or 'practical philosophy' to "suggest an approach which practitioners can adopt in the different social context in which they find themselves". Meanwhile, Oluwatoyin discusses some disadvantages and barriers to reflective practice as, feeling stress by reflecting on negative issues and frustration from not being able to solve those identified issues, and time constraints. With reflection often taking place independently, educators lack the motivation and assistance in tackling these difficult problems. It is suggested that teachers communicate with one another, or have an indicated individual to talk to, this way there is external informed feedback. Overall, before engaging in reflective practice it is important to be aware of the challenges.
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manifests as narratives of reality without any multilateral accounts and analyses to bring forward a change in individual perspective. Dialogic reflection, just below water surface, represents the interdependence and correlations of experiences through iterative self- questioning cycles seeking reasons for an action. After identifying these reasons, this process can provide the reflectors with alternative interpretations. Following repeated cycles of dialogic reflection, transformative reflection allows the reflective practitioners to revisit issues with alternative solutions that may create more transformative and welcomed outcomes compared to those in the past. Critical reflection, the deepest level of reflection, goes beyond the reflection-on-action process by looking at what, why, and how an incident or series of incidents happened through an ecological well-rounded lens inclusive of social, historical, political, and cultural factors. It is important to note that not all reflective practices are able to reach all four layers as the depth of reflection is subjective to reflectors' cognitive, metacognitive ability as well as their sociocultural background.
640:, indicating there is broad consensus that teaching effectively requires a reflective approach. Attard & Armour explain that "teachers who are reflective systematically collect evidence from their practice, allowing them to rethink and potentially open themselves to new interpretations". Teaching and learning are complex processes, and there is not one right approach. Reflecting on different approaches to teaching, and reshaping the understanding of past and current experiences, can lead to improvement in teaching practices. Schön's reflection-in-action can help teachers explicitly incorporate into their decision-making the professional knowledge that they gain from their experience in the classroom.
815:. There is some criticism that traditional environmental management, which simply focuses on the problem at hand, fails to integrate into the decision making the wider systems within which an environment is situated. While research and science must inform the process of environmental management, it is up to the practitioner to integrate those results within these wider systems. In order to deal with this and to reaffirm the utility of environmental management, Bryant and Wilson propose that a "more reflective approach is required that seeks to rethink the basic premises of environmental management as a process". This style of approach has been found to be successful in
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a process of reflective practice teachers will be able to move themselves, and their schools, beyond existing theories in practice. Larrivee concludes that teachers should "resist establishing a classroom culture of control and become a reflective practitioner, continuously engaging in a critical reflection, consequently remaining fluid in the dynamic environment of the classroom". It is important to note that, "the reflective process should eventually help the teacher to change, adapt and modify his/her teaching to the particular context. This does not happen in stages, but is a continuum of reflection, leading to change ... and further reflection".
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effectiveness of their efforts, and plan for improvement. Rolheiser and et al. (2000) assert that "Reflection is linked to elements that are fundamental to meaningful learning and cognitive development: the development of metacognition – the capacity for students to improve their ability to think about their thinking; the ability to self-evaluate - the capacity for students to judge the quality of their work based on evidence and explicit criteria for the purpose of doing better work; the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making; and the enhancement of teacher understanding of the learner." (p 31-32)
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616:" – they organize instruction and classroom practice so that students are the producers, not just the consumers, of knowledge. Rolheiser and colleagues (2000) state that "When students develop their capacity to understand their own thinking processes, they are better equipped to employ the necessary cognitive skills to complete a task or achieve a goal. Students who have acquired metacognitive skills are better able to compensate for both low ability and insufficient information." (p. 34)
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educational meanings, intentions, beliefs, decisions, actions, or products by focusing on the process of achieving them … The primary purpose of this action is to structure, adjust, generate, refine, restructure, or alter knowledge and actions that inform practice. Microreflection gives meaning to or informs day-to-day practice, and macroreflection gives meaning to or informs practice over time". Reflection is the key to successful learning for teachers and for learners.
264:? Through this analysis, a description of a situation is given which then leads into the scrutiny of the situation and the construction of knowledge that has been learnt through the experience. Subsequently, practitioners reflect on ways in which they can personally improve and the consequences of their response to the experience. Borton's model was later adapted by practitioners outside the field of education, such as the field of nursing and the helping professions.
539:. Seeing ourselves through learners' eyes, we may discover that learners are interpreting our actions in the way that we mean them. But often we are surprised by the diversity of meanings people read into our words and actions. A cardinal principle of seeing ourselves through learners' eyes is that of ensuring the anonymity of their critical opinions. We have to make learners feel safe. Seeing our practice through learners' eyes helps us teach more responsively.
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way to teach, but should also explain why they have chosen a particular approach whilst doing so, by reference to theory; this implies that teacher educators need to be aware of their own tacit theories of teaching and able to connect them overtly to public theory. However, some teacher educators do not always "teach as they preach"; they base their teaching decisions on "common sense" more than on public theory and struggle with modelling reflective practice.
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practices; addressing students' perceptions of self-assessment; engaging in discussion and dialogue about why self-assessment is important; allowing time to learn self-assessment and reflection skills; providing many opportunities to practice different aspects of the self-assessment and reflection process; and ensuring that parents/guardians understand that self-assessment is only one of a variety of assessment strategies that is utilized for student learning.
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teachers may complete their initial teacher education with "a muddled and negative view of what reflection is and how it might contribute to their professional learning". For
Russell, these problems result from the fact that teacher educators have not sufficiently explored how theories of reflective practice relate to their own teaching, and so have not made the necessary "paradigmatic changes" which they expect their students to make.
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theoretical, philosophical and research literature. Reviewing practice through these lenses makes us more aware of the power dynamics that infuse all practice settings. It also helps us detect hegemonic assumptions—assumptions that we think are in our own best interests, but actually work against us in the long run. Brookfield argued that these four lenses will reflect back to us starkly different pictures of who we are and what we do.
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and transformative learning. Adults have acquired a body of experience throughout their life, as well as habits of mind that define their world. Coaching programs support the process of questioning and potentially rebuilding these pre-determined habits of mind. The goal is for leaders to maximize their professional potential, and in order to do this, there must be a process of critical reflection on current assumptions.
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existing thoughts, feelings, and actions; and to explore how the practice situation may be approached differently. In the field of nursing there is concern that actions may run the risk of habitualisation, thus dehumanizing patients and their needs. In using reflective practice, nurses are able to plan their actions and consciously monitor the action to ensure it is beneficial to their patient.
88:. According to one definition it involves "paying critical attention to the practical values and theories which inform everyday actions, by examining practice reflectively and reflexively. This leads to developmental insight". A key rationale for reflective practice is that experience alone does not necessarily lead to learning; deliberate
533:. Our autobiography is an important source of insight into practice. As we talk to each other about critical events in our practice, we start to realize that individual crises are usually collectively experienced dilemmas. Analyzing our autobiographies allows us to draw insight and meanings for practice on a deep visceral emotional level.
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competences. However, Janet Dyment and
Timothy O'Connell, in a small-scale study of experienced teacher educators, noted that the teacher educators they studied had received no training in using reflection themselves, and that they in turn did not give such training to their students; all parties were expected to know how to reflect.
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reflection" and "need explicitly to facilitate the process of reflection and make transparent the metacognitive process it entails". Larrivee noted that (student) teachers require "carefully constructed guidance" and "multifaceted and strategically constructed interventions" if they are to reflect effectively on their practice.
201:; however, it can be difficult to put emotions, events, and thoughts into a coherent sequence of events. When a person rethinks or retells events, it is possible to categorize events, emotions, ideas, etc., and to compare the intended purpose of a past action with the results of the action. Stepping back from the action permits
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and emotions, gives value to self-awareness and critical thinking of personal perception. Monitoring emotions as well as feelings aims to be a tool for observing and developing mental well-being, stress management, growth of emotional intelligence, critical thinking, as well as professional and personal development.
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Franke, Andreas G.; Gränsmark, Patrik; Agricola, Alexandra; Schühle, Kai; Rommel, Thilo; Sebastian, Alexandra; Balló, Harald E.; Gorbulev, Stanislav; Gerdes, Christer; Frank, Björn; Ruckes, Christian; Tüscher, Oliver; Lieb, Klaus (1 March 2017). "Methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine for cognitive
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Neville Hatton and David Smith, in a brief literature review, concluded that teacher education programs do use a wide range of strategies with the aim of encouraging students teachers to reflect (e.g. action research, case studies, video-recording or supervised practicum experiences), but that "there
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The GGN reflective practice model is based on a revision of the original Gibbs'cycle model. Differently from the previous one, a step has been inserted in the cycle, dedicated to emotions, their perception, and their contextualization. The GGN model, through the clear differentiation between feelings
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professor David Boud and his colleagues explained: "Reflection is an important human activity in which people recapture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate it. It is this working with experience that is important in learning." When a person is experiencing something, he or she
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and improvement. It is also an important way to bring together theory and practice; through reflection a person is able to see and label forms of thought and theory within the context of his or her work. A person who reflects throughout his or her practice is not just looking back on past actions and
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Adrienne Price explained that there are several reasons why a healthcare practitioner would engage in reflective practice: to further understand one's motives, perceptions, attitudes, values, and feelings associated with client care; to provide a fresh outlook to practice situations and to challenge
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Reflective practice is viewed as an important strategy for health professionals who embrace lifelong learning. Due to the ever-changing context of healthcare and the continual growth of medical knowledge, there is a high level of demand on healthcare professionals' expertise. Due to this complex and
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Many writers advocate for teacher educators themselves to act as models of reflective practice. This implies that the way that teacher educators teach their students needs to be congruent with the approaches they expect their students to adopt with pupils; teacher educators should not only model the
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As professor of education
Barbara Larrivee argues, reflective practice moves teachers from their knowledge base of distinct skills to a stage in their careers where they are able to modify their skills to suit specific contexts and situations, and eventually to invent new strategies. In implementing
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When teachers teach metacognitive skills, it promotes student self-monitoring and self-regulation that can lead to intellectual growth, increase academic achievement, and support transfer of skills so that students are able to use any strategy at any time and for any purpose. Guiding students in the
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brings about a way of thinking that questions and frames situations as "problems". Through careful planning and systematic elimination of other possible problems, doubt is settled, and people are able to affirm their knowledge of the situation. Then people are able to think about possible situations
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programs for their emerging and established leaders. Leaders frequently engage in self-limiting behaviours because of their over-reliance on their preferred ways of reacting and responding. Coaching can help support the establishment of new behaviours, as it encourages reflection, critical thinking
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The implication of all this is that teacher educators must also be highly skilled in reflective practice. Andrea
Gelfuso and Danielle Dennis, in a report on a formative experiment with student teachers, suggested that teaching how to reflect requires teacher educators to possess and deploy specific
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However, Mary Ryan has noted that students are often asked to "reflect" without being taught how to do so, or without being taught that different types of reflection are possible; they may not even receive a clear definition or rationale for reflective practice. Many new teachers do not know how to
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Johns highlights the importance of experienced knowledge and the ability of a practitioner to access, understand and put into practice information that has been acquired through empirical means. Reflection occurs through "looking in" on one's thoughts and emotions and "looking out" at the situation
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Activities to promote reflection are now being incorporated into undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing medical education across a variety of health professions. Professor of medical education Karen Mann and her colleagues found through a 2009 literature review that in practicing professionals
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Tom
Russell, in a reflective article looking back on 35 years as teacher educator, concurred that teacher educators rarely model reflective practice, fail to link reflection clearly and directly to professional learning, and rarely explain what they mean by reflection, with the result that student
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For students to acquire necessary skills in reflection, their teachers need to be able to teach and model reflective practice (see above); similarly, teachers themselves need to have been taught reflective practice during their initial teacher education, and to continue to develop their reflective
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Reflection is not linear, uniform, and homogeneous. Nguyen Nhat Quang (2022) adopts Fleck (2012)'s classification of reflective practices into an iceberg of reflection. That is, reflection consists of different layers representing four stages. Descriptive reflection is the tip of the iceberg as it
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Reflective practice can also help improve cultural sensitivity of healthcare workers. Equality diversity and inclusion reflective practice groups have been shown to be beneficial for improving mental health professionals reflexivity and awareness of equality diversity and inclusion related issues
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Reflective practice "is a term that carries diverse meaning" and about which there is not complete consensus. Professor Tim
Fletcher of Brock University argues forward-thinking is a professional habit, but we must reflect on the past to inform how it translates into the present and future. Always
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Without reflection, teachers are not able to look objectively at their actions or take into account the emotions, experience, or consequences of actions to improve their practice. It is argued that, through the process of reflection, teachers are held accountable to the standards of practice for
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proposed that critically reflective practitioners constantly research their assumptions by seeing practice through four complementary lenses: the lens of their autobiography as learners of reflective practice, the lens of other learners' eyes, the lens of colleagues' experiences, and the lens of
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Reflective practice has been described as an unstructured or semi-structured approach directing learning, and a self-regulated process commonly used in health and teaching professions, though applicable to all professions. Reflective practice is a learning process taught to professionals from a
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Professor of nursing
Christopher Johns designed a structured mode of reflection that provides a practitioner with a guide to gain greater understanding of his or her practice. It is designed to be carried out through the act of sharing with a colleague or mentor, which enables the experience to
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Reflective practice can help any individual to develop personally, and is useful for professions other than those discussed above. It allows professionals to continually update their skills and knowledge and consider new ways to interact with their colleagues. David
Somerville and June Keeling
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The concept of reflective practice has found wide application in the field of education, for learners, teachers and those who teach teachers (teacher educators). Tsangaridou & O'Sullivan (1997) define reflection in education as "the act of thinking about, analyzing, assessing, or altering
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Schön advocated two types of reflective practice. Firstly, reflection-on-action, which involves reflecting on an experience that you have already had, or an action that you have already taken, and considering what could have been done differently, as well as looking at the positives from that
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in 1978. Single-loop learning is when a practitioner or organisation, even after an error has occurred and a correction is made, continues to rely on current strategies, techniques or policies when a situation again comes to light. Double-loop learning involves the modification of objectives,
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The
Ontario Ministry of Education (2007) describes many ways in which educators can help students acquire the skills required for effective reflection and self-assessment, including: modelling and/or intentionally teaching critical thinking skills necessary for reflection and self-assessment
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Students can benefit from engaging in reflective practice as it can foster the critical thinking and decision making necessary for continuous learning and improvement. When students are engaged in reflection, they are thinking about how their work meets established criteria; they analyze the
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the process of reflection appears to include a number of different aspects, and practicing professionals vary in their tendency and ability to reflect. They noted that the evidence to support curricular interventions and innovations promoting reflective practice remains largely theoretical.
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The act of reflection is seen as a way of promoting the development of autonomous, qualified and self-directed professionals, as well as a way of developing more effective healthcare teams. Engaging in reflective practice is associated with improved quality of care, stimulating personal and
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Reflective practice provides a development opportunity for those in leadership positions. Managing a team of people requires a delicate balance between people skills and technical expertise, and success in this type of role does not come easily. Reflective practice provides leaders with an
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Some writers have advocated that reflective practice needs to be taught explicitly to student teachers because it is not an intuitive act; it is not enough for teacher educators to provide student teachers with "opportunities" to reflect: they must explicitly "teach reflection and types of
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and is centered on the transformation of information into knowledge. This takes place after a situation has occurred, and entails a practitioner reflecting on the experience, gaining a general understanding of the concepts encountered during the experience, and then testing these general
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Central to the development of reflective theory was interest in the integration of theory and practice, the cyclic pattern of experience and the conscious application of lessons learned from experience. Since the 1970s, there has been a growing literature and focus around
892:'s) actions. Relevant considerations could include ethical values, environmental impacts and efficiency and could be determinants of one's choice of activity or work during lifetime. Reflective capacities could be strengthened by education and possibly other means.
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projects where participants appreciated and enjoyed the educational aspect of utilizing reflective practice throughout. However, the authors noted the challenges with melding the "circularity" of reflective practice theory with the "doing" of sustainability.
656:. Overall, through reflective practice, teachers look back on their practice and reflect on how they have supported students by treating them "equitably and with respect and are sensitive to factors that influence individual student learning".
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Schön claimed to derive the notions of "reflection-on-action, reflection-in-action, responding to problematic situations, problem framing, problem solving, and the priority of practical knowledge over abstract theory" from the writings of
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introduced the "theory of action", which emerged out of their previous research on relationship between people and organizations. This theory defines learning as detection and correction of error. It included the distinction between
545:. Our colleagues serve as critical mirrors reflecting back to us images of our actions. Talking to colleagues about problems and gaining their perspective increases our chance of finding some information that can help our situation.
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are incorporated into the guided reflection: the aesthetic, personal, ethical, empirical and reflexive aspects of the situation. Johns' model is comprehensive and allows for reflection that touches on many important elements.
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Gibbs' suggestions are often cited as "Gibbs' reflective cycle" or "Gibbs' model of reflection", and simplified into the following six distinct stages to assist in structuring reflection on learning experiences:
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interaction. The other type of reflection Schön notes is reflection-in-action, or reflecting on your actions as you are doing them, and considering issues like best practice throughout the process.
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understandings in a new situation. In this way, the knowledge that is formed from a situation is continuously applied and reapplied, building on a practitioner's prior experiences and knowledge.
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is the ability to reflect on one's actions so as to take a critical stance or attitude towards one's own practice and that of one's peers, engaging in a process of continuous adaptation and
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are recognizing the importance of reflective practice and require practitioners to prepare reflective portfolios as a requirement to be licensed, and for yearly quality assurance purposes.
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events, but is taking a conscious look at emotions, experiences, actions, and responses, and using that information to add to his or her existing knowledge base and reach a higher level of
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Graber, Mark L.; Kissam, Stephanie; Payne, Velma L.; Meyer, Ashley N. D.; Sorensen, Asta; Lenfestey, Nancy; Tant, Elizabeth; Henriksen, Kerm; LaBresh, Kenneth; Singh, Hardeep (July 2012).
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Williams, Ruth; Grudnoff, Lexie (June 2011). "Making sense of reflection: a comparison of beginning and experienced teachers' perceptions of reflection for practice".
340:, although education professor Harvey Shapiro has argued that Dewey's writings offer "more expansive, more integrated notions of professional growth" than do Schön's.
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Lane, Rod; McMaster, Heather; Adnum, Judy; Cavanagh, Michael (July 2014). "Quality reflective practice in teacher education: a journey towards shared understanding".
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were developing relevant theories of human learning and development. Some scholars have claimed to find precursors of reflective practice in ancient texts such as
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was among the first to write about reflective practice with his exploration of experience, interaction and reflection. Soon thereafter, other researchers such as
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Galli, F. and New, K.J. (2022). Gibbs’ Cycle review. Emotions as a Part of the Cycle. e-Motion: Revista de
EducaciĂłn, Motricidad e InvestigaciĂłn, 19(19). doi:
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and many programs of initial teacher education claim to espouse it. Education professor Hope Hartman has described reflective practice in education as teacher
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variety of disciplines, with the aim of enhancing abilities to communicate and making informed and balanced decisions. Professional associations such as the
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Hendricks, Joyce; Mooney, Deborah; Berry, Catherine (April 1996). "A practical strategy approach to use of reflective practice in critical care nursing".
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Gelfuso A., Dennis D. (2014). "Getting reflection off the page: the challenges of developing support structures for pre-service teacher reflection".
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Dyment J.E., O'Connell T.S. (2014). "When the Ink Runs Dry: Implications for Theory and Practice When Educators Stop Keeping Reflective Journals".
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Tsangaridou, N., & O'Sullivan, M. (1997). "The role of reflection in shaping physical education teachers' educational values and practices".
652:: commitment to students and student learning, professional knowledge, professional practice, leadership in learning communities, and ongoing
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Hébert, Cristyne (May 2015). "Knowing and/or experiencing: a critical examination of the reflective models of John Dewey and Donald Schön".
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about action. However, they are not without their criticisms, and need to be understood within the context within which they were written.
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Suibhne, Seamus Mac (September 2009). "'Wrestle to be the man philosophy wished to make you': Marcus Aurelius, reflective practitioner".
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Fien, John; Rawling, Richard (April 1996). "Reflective practice: a case study of professional development for environmental education".
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Smagorinsky, P., Shelton, S. A., & Moore, C. (2015). "The role of reflection in developing eupraxis in learning to teach English".
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For Schön, professional growth really begins when a person starts to view things with a critical lens, by doubting his or her actions.
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Jones, Jennifer L.; Jones, Karrie A. (January 2013). "Teaching reflective practice: implementation in the teacher-education setting".
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that is improved through practice. However, the concepts underlying reflective practice are much older. Earlier in the 20th century,
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Cochran-Smith, Marilyn; Lytle, Susan L. (January 1999). "Relationships of knowledge and practice: teacher learning in communities".
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4048:"Putting the 'development' in professional development: understanding and overturning educational leaders' immunities to change"
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Johns, Christopher (August 1995). "Framing learning through reflection within Carper's fundamental ways of knowing in nursing".
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professional growth and closing the gap between theory and practice. Medical practitioners can combine reflective practice with
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Attard, K. & Armour, K. M. (2005). "Learning to become a learning professional: Reflections on one year of teaching".
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Hatton, Neville; Smith, David (January 1995). "Reflection in teacher education: towards definition and implementation".
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Hatton, Neville; Smith, David (January 1995). "Reflection in teacher education: towards definition and implementation".
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experienced. Johns draws on the work of Barbara Carper to expand on the notion of "looking out" at a situation. Five
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Rod Lane and colleagues listed strategies by which teacher educators can promote a habit of reflective practice in
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Swennen A., Lunenberg M., Korthagen F. (2008). "Preach what you teach! Teacher educators and congruent teaching".
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Previously published online from 2011 in a series of webpages by the Geography Discipline Network, hosted by the
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continually changing environment, healthcare professionals could benefit from a program of reflective practice.
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within both direct clinical work with patients, families and systems, as well as professional supervision.
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opportunity to critically review what has been successful in the past and where improvement can be made.
434:"What can be concluded, in a general sense, from these experiences and the analyses you have undertaken?"
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418:"What sense can you make of the situation? Bring in ideas from outside the experience to help you."
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strategies or policies so that when a similar situation arises a new framing system is employed.
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Fazey, Ioan; Fazey, John A.; Salisbury, Janet G.; Lindenmayer, David B.; Dovers, Steve (2006).
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Walker, Susan (January 1996). "Reflective practice in the accident and emergency setting".
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How we think: a restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educative process
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Keep a journal: Record your thoughts, feelings and future plans; look for emerging patterns
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View experiences objectively: Imagine the situation is on stage and you are in the audience
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Lunenberg M., Korthagen F.A.J. (2003). "Teacher educators and student-directed learning".
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Organizational Learning and the Learning Organization: Developments in Theory and Practice
8:
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4420:
3664:"Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: a systematic review"
1929:
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McBrien, Barry (July 2007). "Learning from practice—reflections on a critical incident".
811:
612:
habits of reflection requires teachers to approach their role as that of "facilitator of
202:
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transfer the reflection strategies they learned in college to their classroom teaching.
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Bryant, Raymond L.; Wilson, Geo A. (June 1998). "Rethinking environmental management".
3734:
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3604:
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3257:
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Lunenberg M., Korthagen F., Swennen A. (2007). "The teacher educator as a role model".
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1232:"Enhancing skills of critical reflection to evidence learning in professional practice"
1172:
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901:
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Create your own future: Combine the virtues of the dreamer, the realist, and the critic
522:
388:"What happened? Don't make judgements yet or try to draw conclusions; simply describe."
104:
16:
Ability to reflect on one's actions so as to engage in a process of continuous learning
4397:
3466:
3380:
3154:
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236:
Terry Borton's reflective model (1970), as adapted by Gary Rolfe and colleagues (2001)
99:
settings where people learn from their own professional experiences, rather than from
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2007:
1997:
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1765:"Chris Argyris: theories of action, double-loop learning and organizational learning"
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Ask yourself "What have I learnt today?" and ask others "What have you learnt today?"
806:
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and their outcomes, and deliberate about whether they carried out the right actions.
198:
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3738:
3434:
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1354:
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398:"What were your reactions and feelings? Again don't move on to analysing these yet."
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Creating a Culture of Reflective Practice: Building Capacity for Schoolwide Success
4064:
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1201:
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Samantha Davies identified benefits as well as limitations to reflective practice:
3920:
3897:
3636:
3253:
2806:
2702:
2407:
Learning and leading with habits of mind: 16 essential characteristics for success
1651:
Supervising the Reflective Practitioner: An Essential Guide to Theory and Practice
868:
Plan for the future: Plan changes in behavior based on the patterns you identified
212:
has been seen as another form of reflection on experience in a technological age.
6253:
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5997:
5967:
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5819:
5717:
5584:
4922:
4689:
4492:
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4457:
4245:
4228:
3955:"Know thyself: coaching for leadership using Kolb's experiential learning theory"
3939:
3493:
2913:
2841:
2771:
2571:
2169:
2025:
Carper, Barbara A. (October 1978). "Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing".
1983:
1950:
1944:
1539:"Rethinking reflective practice: John Boyd's OODA loop as an alternative to Kolb"
1515:
681:
518:
249:
193:
178:
147:
which explain how professionals meet the challenges of their work with a kind of
100:
4377:"Experiential learning cycles: overview of 9 experiential learning cycle models"
3239:
2469:
2456:
Hartman, Hope J. (2001). "Teaching Metacognitively". In Hartman, Hope J. (ed.).
1790:
1111:
1093:"Effective reflective practice: in search of meaning in learning about teaching"
958:
856:
Value personal strengths: Identify positive accomplishments and areas for growth
317:
132:
6238:
5987:
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5543:
5356:
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2153:
1802:
1555:
1538:
1346:
1247:
1205:
881:
846:
suggested eight simple ways that professionals can practice more reflectively:
754:
Identification of personal and professional strengths and areas for improvement
613:
373:
245:
3845:
3819:"The nature and role of experiential knowledge for environmental conservation"
3679:
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3307:
3290:
3105:
3002:
2878:
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2649:
2609:
1422:
1386:
1369:
1160:
1016:
999:
6331:
6213:
6132:
6117:
6102:
5873:
5851:
5757:
5641:
5574:
5548:
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5326:
5283:
5278:
5130:
5014:
4912:
4634:
4487:
4472:
4305:
4254:
4197:
4088:
3645:
3556:
3353:
2216:
2177:
2011:
1968:
1820:
1786:
1699:
1318:
1074:
1025:
930:
637:
424:"Were different people's experiences similar or different in important ways?"
313:
281:
148:
113:
3763:
3753:
3519:
2487:
2260:"Transforming teaching practice: becoming the critically reflective teacher"
1899:
1764:
1632:
1474:
1303:
688:
is little research evidence to show that this is actually being achieved".
560:
6248:
6228:
6208:
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6173:
5927:
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4101:
4043:
3995:
3905:
3730:
3687:
3600:
3426:
2131:
1721:
1611:
Critical reflection for nursing and the helping professions: a user's guide
1255:
1213:
984:
454:"What are you going to do differently in this type of situation next time?"
3752:
Salafsky, Nick Redford; Margoluis, Richard; Redford, Kent Hubbard (2001).
3501:
3474:
3388:
3335:
2238:
2091:
1993:
1985:
Guided reflection: a narrative approach to advancing professional practice
1595:
628:
The concept of reflective practice is now widely employed in the field of
5861:
5784:
5752:
5212:
5160:
4778:
4735:
4710:
4679:
4674:
4629:
4554:
4544:
4529:
4482:
2458:
Metacognition in learning and instruction: theory, research, and practice
2409:. Alexandria, VA: Association for supervision and Curriculum Development.
2358:. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
2299:
2046:
1587:
966:
862:
Empathize: Say out loud what you imagine the other person is experiencing
289:
169:
160:
4357:"Reflective practice: an approach for expanding your learning frontiers"
3572:"Cognitive interventions to reduce diagnostic error: a narrative review"
3061:"Has Reflective Practice Done More Harm than Good in Teacher Education?"
2751:"The pedagogical balancing act: teaching reflection in higher education"
2313:
457:"What steps are you going to take on the basis of what you have learnt?"
376:. Gibbs presents the stages of a full structured debriefing as follows:
6071:
5878:
5791:
5769:
5737:
5636:
5621:
5601:
5366:
5331:
5293:
5207:
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5004:
4982:
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4725:
4644:
4512:
4507:
4477:
4443:
4355:
McDowell, Ceasar; Canepa, Claudia; Ferriera, Sebastiao (January 2007).
3879:"Delivering sustainability therapy in sustainable development projects"
1452:
1277:
1168:
369:
337:
309:
293:
285:
156:
152:
3854:
3208:
3185:
3163:
3091:
3077:
3060:
2322:
2278:
1852:
1835:
1490:"Weblogs as instruments for reflection on action in teacher education"
6258:
6178:
5992:
5677:
5036:
4937:
4897:
4867:
4788:
4624:
4587:
4284:
Tate, Sylvina (1 October 2003). "Educating for Reflective Practice".
4028:
2902:
Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives
2830:
Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives
2795:
Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives
2356:
The Portfolio Organizer: Succeeding with Portfolios in your Classroom
2267:
Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives
2208:
1488:
Wopereis, Iwan G.J.H.; Sloep, Peter B.; Poortman, Sybilla H. (2010).
1411:
Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives
889:
789:
May have confusion as to which situations/experiences to reflect upon
727:
221:
4176:
enhancement in chess: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial".
4084:"A practical approach to promote reflective practice within nursing"
3919:
Avolio, Bruce J.; Avey, James B.; Quisenberry, David (August 2010).
53:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
6092:
5155:
5145:
5077:
5072:
5041:
4887:
4842:
4720:
4715:
4619:
4497:
3537:. Nursing and health care practice series (2nd ed.). Andover:
833:
492:
408:"What was good or bad about the experience? Make value judgements."
209:
174:
164:
124:
85:
3709:
Davies, Samantha (January 2012). "Embracing reflective practice".
2650:"Action research and reflective practice: towards a holistic view"
2460:. Neuropsychology and cognition. Vol. 19. Dordrecht; Boston:
2353:
2193:"Postlesson affordance-based reflective discussion in ELT classes"
1000:"Action research and reflective practice: towards a holistic view"
360:
272:
232:
5722:
5672:
5411:
5361:
5150:
4855:
4539:
1928:(Technical report). Practice-based Professional Learning Centre,
850:
Seek feedback: Ask "Can you give me some feedback on what I did?"
649:
555:
368:
Learning researcher Graham Gibbs discussed the use of structured
3027:
Loughran J., Berry A. (2005). "Modelling by teacher educators".
501:
become learnt knowledge at a faster rate than reflection alone.
5846:
5194:
4838:
2988:
1582:
Reach, touch, and teach: student concerns and process education
4174:
3816:
3140:
2595:
963:
The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action
796:
783:
May feel uncomfortable challenging and evaluating own practice
292:. Kolb's reflective model, which also draws from the works of
220:
Many models of reflective practice have been created to guide
5707:
4412:
2433:
2382:
372:
to facilitate the reflection involved in Kolb's experiential
348:
1737:
189:
and the development and application of reflective practice.
5747:
5190:
1878:
Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods
1738:
Easterby-Smith, Mark; Araujo, Luis; Burgoyne, John (1999).
780:
Not all practitioners may understand the reflective process
766:
Encouragement of self-motivation and self-directed learning
571:
284:
was highly influenced by the earlier research conducted by
3953:
Turesky, Elizabeth Fisher; Gallagher, Dennis (June 2011).
3755:
Adaptive management: a tool for conservation practitioners
3662:
Mann, Karen; Gordon, Jill; MacLeod, Anna (November 2007).
2443:
Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat Capacity Building Series
1836:"John Dewey's reception in 'Schönian' reflective practice"
763:
Further understanding of own beliefs, attitudes and values
4730:
4227:
Bryan, Charles S.; Babelay, Allison M. (September 2009).
2899:
2120:
Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
1049:
Reflective practice: writing and professional development
772:
Possible improvements of personal and clinical confidence
3921:"Estimating return on leadership development investment"
3751:
252:
composed of three questions which ask the practitioner:
4041:
2385:"Connecting Practice and Research: Metacognition Guide"
1988:(2nd ed.). Chichester, UK; Ames, Iowa: Blackwell.
1797:
Organizational learning: a theory of action perspective
1609:
Rolfe, Gary; Freshwater, Dawn; Jasper, Melanie (2001).
5417:
List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
4354:
3569:
2591:
2589:
2404:
1801:. Addison-Wesley OD series. Vol. 1. Reading, MA:
1678:. New York: Springer Publishing Company. p. 103.
1674:
Utley, Rose; Henry, Kristina; Smith, Lucretia (2017).
4286:
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
4229:"Building Character: A Model for Reflective Practice"
3918:
3235:
3233:
3026:
2961:
2392:
Connecting Practice and Research: Metacognition Guide
1608:
1487:
888:, and include considering the impacts of one's (or a
880:
Reflective practices can also be applied to areas of
875:
3366:
1447:
Boud, David; Keogh, Rosemary; Walker, David (1985).
2586:
2436:"Capacity Building Series: Student Self Assessment"
832:Reflective learning organizations have invested in
4082:Somerville, David; Keeling, June (24 March 2004).
3230:
1794:
1579:
1225:
1223:
1146:
748:Increased learning from an experience or situation
107:. It may be the most important source of personal
4081:
4007:New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education
3661:
3291:"Constructing and critiquing reflective practice"
2103:
2101:
1543:The International Journal of Management Education
6329:
3952:
3758:. Washington, DC: Biodiversity Support Program.
3622:Bolster, Alexander; Jameel, Leila (2024-01-31).
3324:Reflective practice and professional development
2827:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
1613:. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York:
1230:Paterson, Colin; Chapman, Judith (August 2013).
792:May not be adequate to resolve clinical problems
95:Reflective practice can be an important tool in
1673:
1446:
1229:
1220:
730:(when appropriate) to reduce diagnostic error.
3775:
3773:
2643:
2641:
2098:
556:Nguyen Nhat Quang's iceberg of reflection 2022
4428:
4141:Hall, Pete; Simeral, Alisa (29 August 2017).
4000:"Transformative learning: theory to practice"
3621:
3446:
3444:
3400:
3398:
2648:Leitch, Ruth; Day, Christopher (March 2000).
2527:
2244:
1537:Ryder, Mike; Downs, Carolyn (November 2022).
998:Leitch, Ruth; Day, Christopher (March 2000).
4226:
3779:
3274:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3222:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3126:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2630:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2419:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2368:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2336:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1949:(4th ed.). Chichester, UK; Ames, Iowa:
1785:
1449:Reflection, turning experience into learning
1324:Academy of Management Learning and Education
776:Limitations to reflective practice include:
4140:
3770:
2934:
2680:
2638:
2500:
2354:Rolheiser, C. Bower, B. Stevahn, L (2000).
1943:Johns, Christopher; Burnie, Sally (2013) .
1942:
1653:. New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 26–27.
797:Environmental management and sustainability
588:American Association of Nurse Practitioners
4435:
4421:
3441:
3395:
3288:
3094:Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice
2716:
2714:
2712:
2557:
2107:
1536:
1086:
1084:
931:http://www2.glos.ac.uk/gdn/gibbs/index.htm
6159:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
4244:
4018:
3876:
3853:
3635:
3490:Developing the reflective healthcare team
3306:
3207:
3162:
3134:
3076:
3058:
2665:
2647:
2321:
2302:Journal of Teaching in Physical Education
1851:
1554:
1505:
1385:
1336:
1015:
997:
744:Benefits to reflective practice include:
304:
119:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
6003:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
4685:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
4400:. The encyclopedia of informal education
3022:
3020:
2553:
2551:
2257:
1767:. The encyclopedia of informal education
1316:
1090:
572:Gibbs' cycle review Galli-New (GGN) 2022
559:
496:Adaptation of the Johns reflective model
491:
364:Adaptation of the Gibbs reflective model
359:
271:
231:
123:
6184:Credentialism and educational inflation
3994:
3657:
3655:
3321:
3085:
3054:
3052:
3050:
2955:
2744:
2742:
2709:
2455:
2239:https://doi.org/10.33776/remo.vi19.7224
1833:
1827:
1698:
1442:
1440:
1408:
1189:
1081:
953:
951:
949:
823:
760:Acquisition of new knowledge and skills
712:
6330:
6055:List of countries by unemployment rate
3708:
3532:
3450:
3179:
2982:
2928:
2792:
2786:
2683:The Journal of Environmental Education
2434:Ontario Ministry of Education (2007).
2383:Ontario Ministry of Education (2008).
2190:
2024:
1918:
1648:
1577:
1367:
1046:
531:Lens 1: Our autobiography as a learner
208:The emergence in more recent years of
4416:
4374:
3668:Advances in Health Sciences Education
3487:
3404:
3017:
2862:
2856:
2598:European Journal of Teacher Education
2548:
2349:
2347:
2151:
2067:
1981:
1874:
1762:
1733:
1731:
1644:
1642:
1276:
957:
276:Adaptation of Kolb's reflective model
4953:Practice-based professional learning
4283:
3877:Bell, Simon; Morse, Stephen (2005).
3652:
3047:
2893:
2821:
2748:
2739:
1437:
946:
840:
659:
267:
97:practice-based professional learning
18:
5501:Workers' right to access the toilet
4069:10.17763/haer.78.3.888l759g1qm54660
3886:Journal of Environmental Management
3369:Intensive and Critical Care Nursing
2084:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1995.22020226.x
1922:Reflecting on 'reflective practice'
757:Identification of educational needs
543:Lens 3: Our colleagues' experiences
13:
4046:; Lahey, Lisa Laskow (Fall 2008).
2344:
1946:Becoming a reflective practitioner
1884:, London: Further Education Unit,
1728:
1639:
1091:Loughran, J. John (January 2002).
876:Human activity and work in general
801:The use of reflective practice in
513:
14:
6379:
4395:
4375:Neill, James (14 November 2010).
4324:
4042:Helsing, Deborah; Howell, Annie;
2191:Nguyen, Quang Nhat (2022-09-27).
1982:Johns, Christopher, ed. (2010) .
1494:Interactive Learning Environments
769:Could act as a source of feedback
6272:
6271:
5565:Corporate collapses and scandals
4178:European Neuropsychopharmacology
3419:10.7748/ns2004.08.18.47.46.c3664
2152:Fleck, Rowanne (November 2012).
2113:"Critically reflective practice"
2039:10.1097/00012272-197810000-00004
665:skills throughout their career.
23:
4379:. Wilderdom.com. Archived from
4277:
4220:
4190:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.01.006
4168:
4134:
4108:
4075:
4035:
3988:
3946:
3912:
3870:
3810:
3745:
3702:
3615:
3563:
3526:
3481:
3360:
3315:
3282:
2674:
2521:
2494:
2449:
2427:
2405:Costa, A., Kallick, B. (2008).
2398:
2376:
2293:
2231:
2184:
2145:
2061:
2018:
1975:
1936:
1912:
1868:
1779:
1756:
1692:
1667:
1602:
1571:
1530:
1481:
1402:
1361:
1149:Review of Research in Education
919:
6065:Employment-to-population ratio
5437:Occupational health psychology
4442:
3723:10.1080/14739879.2012.11494064
3454:Accident and Emergency Nursing
3188:Teaching and Teacher Education
3143:Teaching and Teacher Education
3029:Teaching and Teacher Education
2964:Teaching and Teacher Education
2937:Teaching and Teacher Education
2530:Teaching and Teacher Education
2503:Teaching and Teacher Education
1919:Finlay, Linda (January 2008).
1368:Winter, Richard (March 2003).
1310:
1270:
1193:Accident and Emergency Nursing
1183:
1140:
1040:
991:
580:
549:Lens 4: Theoretical literature
227:
1:
6153:Works Progress Administration
6045:Unemployment Convention, 1919
5457:Personal protective equipment
5010:Occupational Outlook Handbook
3898:10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.006
3637:10.1080/14623943.2024.2309882
3535:Beginning reflective practice
3467:10.1016/S0965-2302(96)90034-X
3381:10.1016/S0964-3397(96)81042-1
3254:10.1080/1554480X.2015.1067146
3155:10.1016/s0742-051x(02)00092-6
2807:10.1080/14623943.2015.1023281
2703:10.1080/00958964.1996.9941462
2542:10.1016/S0742-051X(02)00091-4
1742:. London: SAGE. p. 160.
1051:(3rd ed.). Los Angeles:
939:
927:University of Gloucestershire
703:
684:, or journaling or blogging.
678:pre-service teacher education
487:
355:
6234:Psychopathy in the workplace
5407:Human factors and ergonomics
4246:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b6a79c
3940:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.06.006
2949:10.1016/0742-051X(94)00012-U
2914:10.1080/14623943.2014.900022
2842:10.1080/14623943.2011.571861
2772:10.1080/13562517.2012.694104
2759:Teaching in Higher Education
2749:Ryan, Mary (February 2013).
2572:10.1080/08878730.2012.740153
2515:10.1016/0742-051X(94)00012-U
2170:10.1016/j.intcom.2012.07.003
1516:10.1080/10494820.2010.500530
1100:Journal of Teacher Education
593:
296:, highlights the concept of
139:introduced concepts such as
92:on experience is essential.
7:
6353:Learning theory (education)
6219:Narcissism in the workplace
5432:Occupational exposure limit
3783:Progress in Human Geography
3295:Educational Action Research
2726:Ontario College of Teachers
2654:Educational Action Research
2470:10.1007/978-94-017-2243-8_8
2071:Journal of Advanced Nursing
2027:Advances in Nursing Science
1932:. p. 8. PBPL paper 52.
1704:Theories of group processes
1374:Educational Action Research
1112:10.1177/0022487102053001004
1004:Educational Action Research
895:
648:teaching, such as those in
623:
602:
421:"What was really going on?"
137:The Reflective Practitioner
49:the claims made and adding
10:
6384:
6148:Civil Works Administration
6030:Technological unemployment
5506:Workplace health promotion
4963:Professional certification
4660:Personality–job fit theory
4298:10.1089/107555303322524634
4056:Harvard Educational Review
3974:10.53841/bpstcp.2011.7.1.5
3826:Environmental Conservation
3796:10.1191/030913298672031592
3711:Education for Primary Care
3200:10.1016/j.tate.2006.11.001
3041:10.1016/j.tate.2004.12.005
2976:10.1016/j.tate.2013.10.012
2462:Kluwer Academic Publishers
2258:Larrivee, Barbara (2000).
2158:Interacting with Computers
1556:10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100703
1347:10.5465/AMLE.2005.17268566
1248:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.004
1206:10.1016/j.aaen.2007.03.004
751:Promotion of deep learning
537:Lens 2: Our learners' eyes
6267:
6166:
6128:Guaranteed minimum income
6085:
5926:
5800:
5713:Organizational commitment
5665:
5557:
5524:
5387:
5312:
5189:
5116:
5050:
4837:
4759:
4703:
4553:
4450:
4345:Resources in your library
4120:www.earlyyearscareers.com
3962:The Coaching Psychologist
3846:10.1017/S037689290600275X
3680:10.1007/s10459-007-9090-2
3593:10.1136/bmjqs-2011-000149
3533:Jasper, Melanie (2013) .
3308:10.1080/09650799900200081
3106:10.1080/13540600802571387
3003:10.1007/s10755-014-9291-6
2879:10.1080/00131720802539697
2667:10.1080/09650790000200108
2610:10.1080/02619760500093321
1423:10.1080/14623940903138266
1387:10.1080/09650790300200208
1236:Physical Therapy in Sport
1161:10.3102/0091732X024001249
1017:10.1080/09650790000200108
240:Terry Borton's 1970 book
215:
205:on a sequence of events.
6297:Aspects of organizations
5978:Involuntary unemployment
5539:Equal pay for equal work
5462:Repetitive strain injury
4968:Professional development
4958:Professional association
4640:Letter of recommendation
3928:The Leadership Quarterly
3580:BMJ Quality & Safety
1834:Shapiro, Harvey (2010).
1763:Smith, Mark K. (2013) .
1047:Bolton, Gillie (2010) .
912:
803:environmental management
634:professional development
109:professional development
6282:Aspects of corporations
6244:Slow movement (culture)
6123:Employer of last resort
6025:Structural unemployment
5963:Frictional unemployment
5402:Epilepsy and employment
5289:Performance-related pay
5223:National average salary
5141:996 working hour system
3322:Tarrant, Peter (2013).
2722:"Standards of practice"
1840:Philosophy of Education
817:sustainable development
786:Could be time-consuming
242:Reach, Touch, and Teach
6292:Aspects of occupations
6098:Unemployment insurance
6050:Unemployment extension
6020:Reserve army of labour
5825:Constructive dismissal
5632:Sleeping while on duty
5597:Exploitation of labour
5479:Sick building syndrome
4655:Person–environment fit
4525:Independent contractor
3492:. Oxford; Malden, MA:
2132:10.1002/chp.1340180402
2109:Brookfield, Stephen D.
1875:Gibbs, Graham (1988),
1649:Scaife, Joyce (2010).
1578:Borton, Terry (1970).
907:Video-based reflection
564:
497:
440:Conclusions (specific)
365:
305:Argyris and Schön 1978
277:
237:
129:
120:History and background
6363:Experiential learning
6302:Aspects of workplaces
6040:Unemployment benefits
6035:Types of unemployment
5973:Graduate unemployment
5867:Letter of resignation
5496:Workers' compensation
5489:Occupational fatality
4998:Vocational university
4598:Employment counsellor
4398:"Reflective practice"
4116:"Reflective Practice"
3502:10.1002/9780470774694
3336:10.4135/9781526402318
3326:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
2866:The Educational Forum
1994:10.1002/9781444324969
654:professional learning
563:
495:
450:Personal action plans
430:Conclusions (general)
363:
298:experiential learning
275:
244:popularized a simple
235:
187:experiential learning
127:
6348:Vocational education
6338:Personal development
6108:Job creation program
5884:Mandatory retirement
5837:Employee offboarding
5657:Workplace incivility
5652:Workplace harassment
5427:Occupational disease
5422:Occupational burnout
5337:Disability insurance
5181:Workweek and weekend
4988:Vocational education
4903:Continuing education
4741:Permanent employment
4147:. ASCD. p. 10.
3488:Ghaye, Tony (2005).
2560:The Teacher Educator
2464:. pp. 149–172.
1451:. London; New York:
824:Leadership positions
713:Health professionals
380:(Initial experience)
328:double-loop learning
323:single-loop learning
145:reflection-in-action
141:reflection-on-action
82:Reflective practice
6013:Recession-proof job
6008:Lists of recessions
5946:Economic depression
5894:Retirement planning
5775:Work–life interface
5612:Employee monitoring
5580:Corporate behaviour
5570:Accounting scandals
5452:Occupational stress
5442:Occupational injury
4978:Reflective practice
4973:Professional school
4695:Work-at-home scheme
4615:Induction programme
4593:Employment contract
4573:Business networking
4336:reflective practice
3838:2006EnvCo..33....1F
3628:Reflective Practice
3289:Newman, S. (1999).
2695:1996JEnEd..27c..11F
2314:10.1123/jtpe.17.1.2
1930:The Open University
1455:; Nichols. p.
812:adaptive management
507:patterns of knowing
203:critical reflection
199:implicitly learning
6276:See also templates
6113:Job creation index
6077:Youth unemployment
5941:Discouraged worker
5830:Wrongful dismissal
5810:At-will employment
5683:Civil conscription
5647:Workplace bullying
5534:Affirmative action
5516:Workplace wellness
5447:Occupational noise
5088:Long service leave
4948:Overspecialization
4928:Induction training
4883:Career development
4361:MIT OpenCourseWare
3330:. pp. 42–46.
3059:Russell T (2013).
1617:. pp. 26–35.
902:Moral intelligence
809:, is often called
565:
523:Stephen Brookfield
498:
366:
280:Learning theorist
278:
238:
167:teachings and the
130:
105:knowledge transfer
34:possibly contains
6368:Nursing education
6325:
6324:
6224:Post-work society
6204:Kiss up kick down
5936:Barriers to entry
5901:Severance package
5733:Human trafficking
5627:Sexual harassment
5607:Employee handbook
5526:Equal opportunity
5389:Safety and health
5379:Take-home vehicle
4993:Vocational school
4943:Lifelong learning
4918:Further education
4878:Career counseling
4873:Career assessment
4650:Overqualification
4331:Library resources
4233:Academic Medicine
4154:978-1-4166-2444-8
3328:SAGE Publications
3078:10.7202/1015641ar
2445:. Queens Printer.
2394:. Queens Printer.
2279:10.1080/713693162
1853:10.47925/2010.311
1685:978-0-8261-3322-9
1660:978-0-415-47957-8
1053:SAGE Publications
841:Other professions
807:system monitoring
660:Teacher educators
630:teacher education
268:Kolb and Fry 1975
79:
78:
71:
36:original research
6375:
6358:Learning methods
6343:Education theory
6312:Critique of work
6307:Corporate titles
6275:
6274:
6194:Evil corporation
6060:Employment rates
5983:Jobless recovery
5951:Great Depression
5911:Golden parachute
5906:Golden handshake
5703:Job satisfaction
5693:Critique of work
5511:Workplace phobia
5342:Health insurance
5299:Wage compression
5267:Progressive wage
5126:35-hour workweek
5093:No call, no show
5083:Leave of absence
4933:Knowledge worker
4861:Master craftsman
4665:Personality hire
4603:Executive search
4583:Curriculum vitae
4568:Background check
4437:
4430:
4423:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4318:
4317:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4248:
4239:(9): 1283–1288.
4224:
4218:
4217:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4052:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4029:10.1002/ace.7401
4022:
4004:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3959:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3925:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3883:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3857:
3823:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3576:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3539:Cengage Learning
3530:
3524:
3523:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3407:Nursing Standard
3402:
3393:
3392:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3273:
3265:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3221:
3213:
3211:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3125:
3117:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3024:
3015:
3014:
2991:Innovation in HE
2986:
2980:
2979:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2718:
2707:
2706:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2621:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2440:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2389:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2327:
2325:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2264:
2255:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2209:10.1002/tesj.677
2188:
2182:
2181:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2134:. Archived from
2117:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1883:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1800:
1791:Schön, Donald A.
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1585:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1509:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1340:
1317:Kolb, Alice Y.;
1314:
1308:
1307:
1286:Houghton Mifflin
1274:
1268:
1267:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1122:. Archived from
1097:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1019:
995:
989:
988:
959:Schön, Donald A.
955:
933:
923:
884:, in particular
805:, combined with
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
51:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
6383:
6382:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6317:Organized labor
6287:Aspects of jobs
6263:
6254:Toxic workplace
6189:Emotional labor
6162:
6086:Public programs
6081:
5998:Great Recession
5968:Full employment
5956:Long Depression
5922:
5820:Banishment room
5796:
5718:Refusal of work
5661:
5585:Corporate crime
5553:
5520:
5383:
5308:
5185:
5112:
5046:
4923:Graduate school
4833:
4755:
4699:
4690:Underemployment
4549:
4493:Self-employment
4468:Contingent work
4458:Academic tenure
4451:Classifications
4446:
4441:
4403:
4401:
4396:Smith, Mark K.
4386:
4384:
4365:
4363:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4282:
4278:
4225:
4221:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4080:
4076:
4050:
4040:
4036:
4020:10.1.1.464.7022
4002:
3998:(Summer 1997).
3993:
3989:
3957:
3951:
3947:
3923:
3917:
3913:
3881:
3875:
3871:
3821:
3815:
3811:
3778:
3771:
3750:
3746:
3707:
3703:
3660:
3653:
3620:
3616:
3574:
3568:
3564:
3549:
3531:
3527:
3512:
3486:
3482:
3449:
3442:
3403:
3396:
3365:
3361:
3346:
3320:
3316:
3287:
3283:
3267:
3266:
3238:
3231:
3215:
3214:
3184:
3180:
3139:
3135:
3119:
3118:
3090:
3086:
3057:
3048:
3025:
3018:
2987:
2983:
2960:
2956:
2933:
2929:
2908:(4): 481–494 .
2898:
2894:
2861:
2857:
2826:
2822:
2791:
2787:
2753:
2747:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2710:
2679:
2675:
2646:
2639:
2623:
2622:
2594:
2587:
2556:
2549:
2526:
2522:
2499:
2495:
2480:
2454:
2450:
2438:
2432:
2428:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2345:
2329:
2328:
2298:
2294:
2262:
2256:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2189:
2185:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2115:
2111:(Autumn 1998).
2106:
2099:
2066:
2062:
2023:
2019:
2004:
1980:
1976:
1961:
1951:Wiley-Blackwell
1941:
1937:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1902:
1892:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1832:
1828:
1813:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1736:
1729:
1714:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1647:
1640:
1625:
1607:
1603:
1576:
1572:
1535:
1531:
1507:10.1.1.485.2061
1486:
1482:
1467:
1445:
1438:
1407:
1403:
1366:
1362:
1338:10.1.1.127.6489
1315:
1311:
1296:
1275:
1271:
1228:
1221:
1188:
1184:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1067:
1045:
1041:
996:
992:
977:
956:
947:
942:
937:
936:
924:
920:
915:
898:
878:
843:
826:
799:
715:
706:
682:action research
662:
626:
605:
596:
583:
574:
558:
519:Adult education
516:
514:Brookfield 1998
490:
358:
307:
270:
250:Gestalt therapy
230:
218:
194:adult education
179:Marcus Aurelius
122:
101:formal learning
75:
64:
58:
55:
40:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6381:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6239:Sunday scaries
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6163:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5990:
5988:Phillips curve
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5943:
5938:
5932:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5889:Retirement age
5886:
5876:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5842:Exit interview
5839:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5812:
5806:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5772:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5592:Discrimination
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5544:Gender pay gap
5541:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5481:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5393:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5364:
5359:
5357:Parental leave
5354:
5352:Marriage leave
5349:
5347:Life insurance
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5203:Income bracket
5199:
5197:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5136:Eight-hour day
5133:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4895:
4893:Creative class
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4853:
4851:Apprenticeship
4847:
4845:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4819:Scarlet-collar
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4535:Temporary work
4532:
4527:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4503:Skilled worker
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4393:
4372:
4348:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:External links
4323:
4320:
4319:
4292:(5): 773–777.
4276:
4219:
4184:(3): 248–260.
4167:
4153:
4133:
4122:. 28 July 2015
4107:
4074:
4063:(3): 437–465.
4034:
3987:
3945:
3934:(4): 633–644.
3911:
3869:
3809:
3790:(3): 321–343.
3769:
3744:
3701:
3674:(4): 595–621.
3651:
3614:
3587:(7): 535–557.
3562:
3547:
3525:
3511:978-1405105910
3510:
3480:
3440:
3394:
3359:
3344:
3314:
3301:(1): 145–163.
3281:
3248:(4): 285–308.
3229:
3194:(5): 586–601.
3178:
3133:
3100:(5): 531–542.
3084:
3046:
3035:(2): 193–203.
3016:
2997:(5): 417–429.
2981:
2954:
2927:
2892:
2855:
2836:(3): 281–291.
2820:
2801:(3): 361–371.
2785:
2766:(2): 144–155.
2738:
2708:
2673:
2660:(1): 179–193.
2637:
2604:(2): 195–207.
2585:
2547:
2520:
2493:
2479:978-0792368380
2478:
2448:
2426:
2397:
2375:
2343:
2292:
2273:(3): 293–307.
2243:
2230:
2183:
2164:(6): 439–449.
2144:
2141:on 2015-04-02.
2126:(4): 197–205.
2097:
2078:(2): 226–234.
2060:
2017:
2002:
1974:
1959:
1935:
1911:
1891:978-1853380716
1890:
1867:
1826:
1812:978-0201001747
1811:
1803:Addison-Wesley
1787:Argyris, Chris
1778:
1755:
1748:
1727:
1713:978-0471171171
1712:
1700:Kolb, David A.
1691:
1684:
1666:
1659:
1638:
1624:978-0333777954
1623:
1601:
1570:
1529:
1500:(3): 245–261.
1480:
1466:978-0893972028
1465:
1436:
1417:(4): 429–436.
1401:
1380:(1): 141–160.
1360:
1331:(2): 193–212.
1319:Kolb, David A.
1309:
1295:978-0395897546
1294:
1269:
1242:(3): 133–138.
1219:
1200:(3): 128–133.
1182:
1155:(1): 249–305.
1139:
1080:
1065:
1039:
1010:(1): 179–193.
990:
976:978-0465068746
975:
944:
943:
941:
938:
935:
934:
917:
916:
914:
911:
910:
909:
904:
897:
894:
882:human activity
877:
874:
873:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
842:
839:
825:
822:
798:
795:
794:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
774:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
714:
711:
705:
702:
661:
658:
625:
622:
614:meaning-making
604:
601:
595:
592:
582:
579:
573:
570:
557:
554:
553:
552:
546:
540:
534:
515:
512:
489:
486:
485:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
461:
460:
459:
458:
455:
447:
446:
445:
437:
436:
435:
427:
426:
425:
422:
419:
411:
410:
409:
401:
400:
399:
391:
390:
389:
381:
374:learning cycle
357:
354:
306:
303:
269:
266:
246:learning cycle
229:
226:
217:
214:
121:
118:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6380:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6270:
6269:
6266:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6214:Make-work job
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6133:Right to work
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6118:Job guarantee
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6103:Make-work job
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5874:Restructuring
5872:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5852:Notice period
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5758:Unfree labour
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:Bonded labour
5726:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5642:Whistleblower
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5575:Control fraud
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5549:Glass ceiling
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5484:Work accident
5482:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5472:United States
5470:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5372:United States
5370:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5327:Casual Friday
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5284:Paid time off
5282:
5280:
5279:Overtime rate
5277:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5260:United States
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5131:Four-day week
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5015:Practice firm
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4913:Employability
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4814:Orange-collar
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4761:Working class
4758:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:Job interview
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4488:Part-time job
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:Full-time job
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4438:
4433:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4399:
4394:
4383:on 2015-03-19
4382:
4378:
4373:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4223:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4171:
4156:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4137:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4103:
4099:
4096:(12): 42–45.
4095:
4091:
4090:
4089:Nursing Times
4085:
4078:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4049:
4045:
4044:Kegan, Robert
4038:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3997:
3996:Mezirow, Jack
3991:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3774:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3656:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3573:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3548:9781408075265
3544:
3540:
3536:
3529:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
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3413:(47): 46–52.
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3382:
3378:
3375:(2): 97–101.
3374:
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2003:9781405185684
1999:
1995:
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1960:9780470674260
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1129:on 2017-12-15
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638:metacognition
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314:Chris Argyris
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282:David A. Kolb
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149:improvisation
146:
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135:'s 1983 book
134:
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117:
115:
114:understanding
110:
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98:
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91:
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83:
73:
70:
62:
59:December 2015
52:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
6249:Toxic leader
6229:Presenteeism
6209:Labor rights
6199:Going postal
6174:Bullshit job
6157:
6142:
6137:
5928:Unemployment
5780:Downshifting
5763:Wage slavery
5743:Penal labour
5698:Dead-end job
5688:Conscription
5467:Right to sit
5322:Annual leave
5304:Working poor
5240:Minimum wage
5218:Maximum wage
5176:Working time
5166:Six-hour day
5068:Career break
5030:Professional
4977:
4824:Black-collar
4794:White-collar
4774:Green-collar
4751:Volunteering
4588:Drug testing
4578:Cover letter
4518:Tradesperson
4402:. Retrieved
4385:. Retrieved
4381:the original
4364:. Retrieved
4335:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4236:
4232:
4222:
4181:
4177:
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4143:
4136:
4124:. Retrieved
4119:
4110:
4093:
4087:
4077:
4060:
4054:
4037:
4013:(74): 5–12.
4010:
4006:
3990:
3965:
3961:
3948:
3931:
3927:
3914:
3892:(1): 37–51.
3889:
3885:
3872:
3829:
3825:
3812:
3787:
3781:
3754:
3747:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3671:
3667:
3627:
3617:
3584:
3578:
3565:
3534:
3528:
3489:
3483:
3461:(1): 27–30.
3458:
3452:
3410:
3406:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3323:
3317:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3270:cite journal
3245:
3241:
3218:cite journal
3191:
3187:
3181:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3122:cite journal
3097:
3093:
3087:
3071:(1): 80–88.
3068:
3064:
3032:
3028:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2873:(1): 76–86.
2870:
2864:
2858:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2763:
2757:
2729:. Retrieved
2689:(3): 11–20.
2686:
2682:
2676:
2657:
2653:
2626:cite journal
2601:
2597:
2566:(1): 73–85.
2563:
2559:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2509:(1): 33–49.
2506:
2502:
2496:
2457:
2451:
2442:
2429:
2406:
2400:
2391:
2378:
2355:
2332:cite journal
2305:
2301:
2295:
2270:
2266:
2233:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2136:the original
2123:
2119:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2033:(1): 13–24.
2030:
2026:
2020:
1984:
1977:
1945:
1938:
1921:
1914:
1903:, retrieved
1877:
1870:
1846:: 311–319 .
1843:
1839:
1829:
1796:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1758:
1739:
1703:
1694:
1675:
1669:
1650:
1610:
1604:
1586:. New York:
1581:
1573:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1448:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1328:
1322:
1312:
1281:
1272:
1239:
1235:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1131:. Retrieved
1124:the original
1106:(1): 33–43.
1103:
1099:
1048:
1042:
1007:
1003:
993:
965:. New York:
962:
921:
879:
844:
831:
827:
810:
800:
775:
743:
740:
736:
732:
724:
720:
716:
707:
698:
694:
690:
686:
675:
671:
667:
663:
646:
642:
632:and teacher
627:
618:
610:
606:
597:
584:
575:
566:
548:
542:
536:
530:
517:
503:
499:
462:
449:
439:
429:
413:
403:
393:
383:
367:
346:
342:
334:
326:
322:
318:Donald Schön
312:researchers
308:
279:
261:
257:
253:
248:inspired by
241:
239:
219:
207:
191:
183:
177:philosopher
168:
144:
140:
136:
133:Donald Schön
131:
128:Donald Schön
94:
81:
80:
65:
56:
33:
6138:Historical:
5862:Resignation
5802:Termination
5785:Slow living
5753:Truck wages
5738:Labour camp
5666:Willingness
5558:Infractions
5213:Living wage
5161:Remote work
4829:Gold-collar
4784:Pink-collar
4779:Grey-collar
4769:Blue-collar
4736:Labour hire
4711:Cooperative
4675:Recruitment
4630:Job hunting
4563:Application
4545:Wage labour
4530:Labour hire
4483:Job sharing
4160:12 November
4126:12 November
3968:(1): 5–14.
3832:(1): 1–10.
3717:(1): 9–12.
2536:(1): 5–28.
2308:(1): 2–25.
1771:29 November
1588:McGraw-Hill
1278:Dewey, John
967:Basic Books
581:Application
483:Action plan
480:Conclusions
468:Description
384:Description
290:Jean Piaget
228:Borton 1970
170:Meditations
161:Jean Piaget
6332:Categories
6072:Wage curve
5879:Retirement
5792:Workaholic
5770:Work ethic
5637:Wage theft
5622:Labour law
5617:Evaluation
5602:Dress code
5367:Sick leave
5332:Child care
5294:Salary cap
5208:Income tax
5171:Shift work
5108:Time clock
5103:Sick leave
5098:Sabbatical
5063:Break room
5051:Attendance
5020:Profession
5005:Mentorship
4983:Retraining
4908:E-learning
4804:New-collar
4799:Red-collar
4746:Supervisor
4726:Internship
4645:Onboarding
4513:Technician
4508:Journeyman
4478:Gig worker
4444:Employment
3855:10023/1629
3242:Pedagogies
3209:1874/25945
3164:1874/29452
2323:10344/3198
1905:9 February
1453:Kogan Page
1284:. Boston:
1133:2015-03-11
1055:. p.
940:References
728:checklists
704:Challenges
488:Johns 1995
474:Evaluation
404:Evaluation
370:debriefing
356:Gibbs 1988
338:John Dewey
310:Management
294:Kurt Lewin
286:John Dewey
157:Kurt Lewin
153:John Dewey
90:reflection
43:improve it
6259:Workhouse
6179:Busy work
5993:Recession
5857:Pink slip
5815:Dismissal
5678:Careerism
5272:Singapore
5250:Hong Kong
5118:Schedules
5037:Tradesman
4938:Licensure
4898:Education
4868:Avocation
4809:No-collar
4789:Precariat
4670:Probation
4625:Job fraud
4306:1075-5535
4271:205441486
4255:1040-2446
4198:0924-977X
4015:CiteSeerX
3982:145248370
3804:144287484
3646:1462-3943
3557:823552537
3494:Blackwell
3354:811731533
3173:145630820
3149:: 29–44.
3114:143451470
3065:Phronesis
3011:144710894
2922:144633292
2887:144769910
2850:145546314
2815:143905447
2618:144772074
2580:144270140
2415:cite book
2364:cite book
2225:252577644
2217:1056-7941
2178:0953-5438
2012:502392750
1969:823139850
1862:170646884
1821:503599388
1793:(1996) .
1565:252152374
1502:CiteSeerX
1431:219711815
1396:143841582
1333:CiteSeerX
1280:(1998) .
1177:143929745
1075:458734364
1034:145226800
1026:0965-0792
890:workforce
594:Education
222:reasoning
47:verifying
6167:See also
6093:Workfare
5918:Turnover
5314:Benefits
5195:salaries
5156:Overtime
5146:Flextime
5078:Gap year
5073:Furlough
5042:Vocation
5025:Operator
4888:Coaching
4843:training
4721:Employer
4716:Employee
4620:Job fair
4498:Side job
4404:10 March
4387:19 March
4366:10 March
4314:14629856
4263:19707072
4214:37276131
4206:28119083
4102:15067912
3906:15748802
3764:48381963
3739:13001378
3731:22306139
3688:18034364
3630:: 1–24.
3601:22543420
3520:58478682
3435:23958787
3427:15357553
3262:55764529
2970:: 1–11.
2731:10 March
2488:45655382
2055:36893665
1900:19809667
1633:46984997
1615:Palgrave
1475:11030218
1355:14372230
1304:38878663
1264:46254192
1256:23643448
1214:17540574
961:(1983).
896:See also
834:coaching
624:Teachers
603:Students
521:scholar
477:Analysis
471:Feelings
414:Analysis
394:Feelings
262:Now what
210:blogging
165:Buddhist
86:learning
6143:U.S.A.:
5748:Peonage
5723:Slavery
5673:Boreout
5412:Karoshi
5362:Pension
5151:On-call
4856:Artisan
4540:Laborer
3864:3831420
3834:Bibcode
3696:3034983
3609:5830467
3475:8696852
3389:8845631
2780:3519550
2691:Bibcode
2287:3786888
2092:7593941
1722:1103318
1524:2844509
1169:1167272
1120:6370058
985:8709452
650:Ontario
258:So what
197:may be
41:Please
5847:Layoff
5397:Crunch
5255:Europe
5245:Canada
5233:Europe
4839:Career
4680:Résumé
4555:Hiring
4463:Casual
4333:about
4312:
4304:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4151:
4100:
4017:
3980:
3904:
3862:
3802:
3762:
3737:
3729:
3694:
3686:
3644:
3607:
3599:
3555:
3545:
3518:
3508:
3473:
3433:
3425:
3387:
3352:
3342:
3260:
3171:
3112:
3009:
2920:
2885:
2848:
2813:
2778:
2616:
2578:
2486:
2476:
2285:
2223:
2215:
2176:
2090:
2053:
2047:110216
2045:
2010:
2000:
1967:
1957:
1898:
1888:
1860:
1819:
1809:
1746:
1720:
1710:
1682:
1657:
1631:
1621:
1596:178000
1594:
1563:
1522:
1504:
1473:
1463:
1429:
1394:
1353:
1335:
1302:
1292:
1262:
1254:
1212:
1175:
1167:
1118:
1073:
1063:
1032:
1024:
983:
973:
260:, and
216:Models
5708:McJob
5228:World
5191:Wages
5058:Break
4704:Roles
4267:S2CID
4210:S2CID
4051:(PDF)
4003:(PDF)
3978:S2CID
3958:(PDF)
3924:(PDF)
3882:(PDF)
3860:S2CID
3822:(PDF)
3800:S2CID
3735:S2CID
3692:S2CID
3605:S2CID
3575:(PDF)
3431:S2CID
3258:S2CID
3169:S2CID
3110:S2CID
3007:S2CID
2918:S2CID
2883:S2CID
2846:S2CID
2811:S2CID
2776:S2CID
2754:(PDF)
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