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Regions of Brazil

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analyzed the information content of 28 ancestry-informative SNPs into multiplexed panels using three parental population sources (African, Amerindian, and European) to infer the genetic admixture in an urban sample of the five Brazilian geopolitical regions. The SNPs assigned apart the parental populations from each other and thus can be applied for ancestry estimation in a three hybrid admixed population. Data was used to infer genetic ancestry in Brazilians with an admixture model. Pairwise estimates of F(st) among the five Brazilian geopolitical regions suggested little genetic differentiation only between the South and the remaining regions. Estimates of ancestry results are consistent with the heterogeneous genetic profile of Brazilian population, with a major contribution of European ancestry (0.771) followed by African (0.143) and Amerindian contributions (0.085). The described multiplexed SNP panels can be useful tool for bioanthropological studies but it can be mainly valuable to control for spurious results in genetic association studies in admixed populations."
1020: 851: 1597:). They have added to the local culture, especially in architecture, cuisine and forms of agriculture. Southern region, however, is not immune from poverty, violence and other social issues, especially in the larger cities, even though in a lower level than poorer areas in the country. The state of Santa Catarina is proportionally the Whitest state in Brazil with over 87% of its population being European. The other southern states also have the highest percentage rates of 1151: 122: 673: 1412: 24: 1582:, with considerably better social indicators, which include some of the cities with the highest HDI levels in the country, including their capitals. Cities also feature an advanced level of urbanism in comparison with other parts of Brazil. The region is almost the newest in terms of urbanization, it was recently populated by 1948:(UnB), European ancestry dominates in the whole of Brazil (in all regions), accounting for 65.90% of heritage of the population, followed by the African contribution (24.80%) and the Native American (9.3%); the European ancestry being the dominant ancestry in all regions including the Northeast of Brazil. 834:
Notable characteristics: Presence of the Amazon Rainforest, which is the vegetation dominant in every state but Tocantins. Cities are spread far apart in the region, and it has the lowest population density of the country. There are very few paved highways in the region, as it is almost isolated from
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study from 2010, a new portrayal of each ethnicity contribution to the DNA of Brazilians, obtained with samples from the five regions of the country, has indicated that, on average, European ancestors are responsible for nearly 80% of the genetic heritage of the population. The variation between the
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A 2011 autosomal DNA study, with nearly 1000 samples from all over the country ("whites", "pardos" and "blacks"), found a major European contribution, followed by a high African contribution and an important Native American component. The study showed that Brazilians from different regions are more
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Climate: Subtropical by the coast, hot to moderately hot in the summer, mild and very humid winters and temperate by the mountain range, the valleys and the plateaus in the interior, with moderate temperatures in the summer and cold in the winter, with well distributed rainfalls. Snow is relatively
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Pena, Sérgio D. J.; Di Pietro, Giuliano; Fuchshuber-Moraes, Mateus; Genro, Julia Pasqualini; Hutz, Mara H.; Kehdy, Fernanda de Souza Gomes; Kohlrausch, Fabiana; Magno, Luiz Alexandre Viana; Montenegro, Raquel Carvalho; Moraes, Manoel Odorico; de Moraes, Maria Elisabete Amaral; de Moraes, Milene
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can be useful to estimate individual and population biogeographical ancestry. Brazilian population is characterized by a genetic background of three parental populations (European, African, and Brazilian Native Amerindians) with a wide degree and diverse patterns of admixture. In this work we
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Notable characteristics: This region was the first part of Brazil discovered by the Portuguese, and the first Brazilian capital, Salvador, was founded here. It has the lowest levels in the country in almost all of the social indicators, being considered the most impoverished region in Brazil.
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Notable characteristics: The southeast region is the major powerhouse of the Brazilian economy, responsible for 49% of the Brazilian GDP (approximately US$ 1024 billion in 2010). It is also the most populous region in the country, with more than 80 million people, and contains the three most
489:. Although officially recognized, the division is merely academic, considering geographic, social and economic factors, among others, and has no political effects other than orientating Federal-level government programs. Under the state level, they are further divided into 1957:, vol 37, number 1), led by geneticists D. F. Roberts and R. W. Hiorns, found out the average Northeastern Brazilian to be predominantly European in ancestry (65%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions (25% and 9%). 1721:, show that, in Brazil, physical indicators such as colour of skin, eyes and hair have little to do with the genetic ancestry of each person, which has been shown in previous studies (regardless of census classification). Ancestry informative 2605:
basandos en estudios del IBGE de 2008. Se presentaron muestras de 12.886 individuos de distintas etnias, por regiones, provenían en un 8,26% del Norte, 23,86% del Nordeste, 4,79% del Centro-Oeste, 10,32% del Sudeste y 52,77% del
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Raiol; Ojopi, Élida B.; Perini, Jamila A.; Racciopi, Clarice; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos; Rios-Santos, Fabrício; Romano-Silva, Marco A.; Sortica, Vinicius A.; Suarez-Kurtz, Guilherme (2011). Harpending, Henry (ed.).
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the rest of the country. It is also the biggest region of Brazil, being responsible for almost half of the Brazilian territorial extension. Economic growth is above national average (especially in Amazonas and in Tocantins).
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Notable characteristics: With a low population density, most of the land in the region is used for grazing instead of agriculture. The region is also the least industrialized in the country, based mainly in food & meat
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The composition of regions of Brazil according to autosomal genetic studies focused on the Brazilian population (which has been found to be a complex melting pot of European, African and Native Americans components):
2400: 2061: 3360: 1318:. The Southeast is the economic center of Brazil, and most large companies present in Brazil have their headquarters in this region. The economic success of this region is a combination of its 4 states. 1051:
Climate: Savanna climate (hot, with little precipitation during winter in the northeast and the east; Tropical in the east and in the west; Equatorial in the north; Some temperate climate places in the
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Transport: The region is heavily covered by highways, and, to some extent, railways. Railways and rivers are used mainly for freight, and used where they are present. The region also contains several
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An autosomal DNA study from 2009 found a similar profile "all the Brazilian samples (regions) lie more closely to the European group than to the African populations or to the Mestizos from Mexico."
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Transport: Highways where they are present (mostly in the center and east regions); transport by rivers is common in the north and in the east; airplanes are used in remote and smaller communities.
2339: 813:: Mainly rivers (which are abundant in the region). Highways are scarce and present mainly in the east. Airplanes are commonly used in small remote communities and sometimes in the larger cities. 2618: 2021:
Costa, Guilherme S.; Cota, Wesley; Ferreira, Silvio C. (2020-05-13). "Metapopulation modeling of COVID-19 advancing into the countryside: an analysis of mitigation strategies for Brazil".
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homogeneous than previously thought by some based on the census alone. "Brazilian homogeneity is, therefore, a lot greater between Brazilian regions than within Brazilian regions."
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Vegetation: Rainforests along the coast (Mata Atlântica), subtropical semiciduous in the north and west (Araucárias) and prairie-like vegetation in the south (
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Transport: There are many developed highways and railways throughout the region, although the latter is mainly used for freight. Rivers are used when possible.
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However, it has been growing above national average since the start of the 21st century, gradually reducing the socio-economic distance to the other regions.
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regions is small, with the possible exception of the South, where the European contribution reaches nearly 90%. The results, published by the scientific
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Paths of açaí: Pará produces 95 % of Brazil's production, fruit moves US $ 1.5 billion and São Paulo is the main destination in the country
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Vegetation: Mainly desert-like vegetation, with tropical forests along the coast and in the west and savanna-like vegetation in the southwest.
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Climate: Tropical in the northwest (warm, relatively dry in the winter and wet in the summer); Semi-arid in the north; temperate in the south
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Forensic Science International: Genetics. Allele frequencies of 15 STRs in a representative sample of the Brazilian population (inglés)
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Zona Franca de Manaus: por que mesmo gerando r$ 158 bilhões em receita e mais de 100 mil empregos muitos ainda criticam sua existência
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Climate: Hot all year long. Tropical near the coast and semi-arid in the interior; semi-equatorial in the far west of the region.
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tropical fruits (coconut, papaya, melon, banana, mango, pineapple), cocoa, cashew nuts, soybeans, cotton, sugarcane
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Transport: Mainly highways, which are more abundant along the coast, although transport by sea is also important.
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state is the most developed in the country, it has a population density as high as western Europe, and a HDI
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Manufacturing (machinery, electronics, automobiles and aviation, steel, chemicals, shoes, textiles)
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Lins, T. C.; Vieira, R. G.; Abreu, B. S.; Grattapaglia, D.; Pereira, R. W. (March–April 2009).
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Belo Monte, a maior hidrelétrica do Brasil, inaugura sua capacidade total de geração de energia
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Notable characteristics: The South Region of Brazil is historically characterized by its high
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PPM 2017: Bovine herds predominate in the Midwest and Mato Grosso leads among the states
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PPM 2017: Bovine herd predominates in the Midwest and Mato Grosso leads among the states
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A AGRICULTURA NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO: OPORTUNIDADES E LIMITAÇÕES AO DESENVOLVIMENTO
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Statistical Yearbook for Tourism 2020 base year 2019, page 331 of the PDF file
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is the leader in petroleum production (with almost 3/4 of national production)
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The number given in parentheses are percentages relative to Brazil as a whole.
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The populations for the cities given do not include their metropolitan areas.
1495: 1364:). Very little of the native vegetation still remains (~2%, mostly in parks.) 944: 403: 135: 2401:
Além da serra gaúcha: conheça outras regiões produtoras de vinho pelo Estado
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Abacaxi faz o Pará despontar como o maior produtor nacional do fruto
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energy production (not sufficient, however, to fulfill its demand)
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Região Nordeste bate recorde na geração de energia eólica e solar
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A study from 1965, "Methods of Analysis of a Hybrid Population" (
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Royalties da UHE Tucuruí chegam a R$ 156,2 milhões em 2021
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According to another autosomal DNA study from 2008, by the
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Vegetation: Mainly savanna-like vegetation, including the
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Vegetation: Mainly tropical-like semi-deciduous forests (
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which provide many domestic and international air routes.
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Machinery and automobile industries, textiles, shoes
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are located in the richest mining region in Brazil.
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Population: 54,658,515 (30.55 people/km; 29%; 2009)
2161: 1589:(almost 19th century immigration and refugees of 2020: 3852: 3512: 2591: 2589: 1605: 1453:common, mainly in the highlands (for example in 1380:), as well as many other large cities (such as, 2537: 2535: 831:). Most of the native vegetation still remains. 483:Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics 2528:DNA de brasileiro é 80% europeu, indica estudo 2443: 2441: 3498: 2664: 2586: 2302:Composição do PIB do estado do Rio de Janeiro 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 1161:Population: 84,840,113 (77.96 people/km, 38%) 640: 615: 592: 567: 542: 2532: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 1030:Population: 16,289,538 (7.2 people/km; 6.4%) 2438: 2280:A economia salineira no Rio Grande do Norte 823:, except the state of Tocantins, which has 3505: 3491: 2671: 2657: 2233: 1107:Soybeans, Maize, Sugarcane, Cotton, Tomato 2561: 2486: 2476: 2291:Agriculture in Southeast Region of Brazil 2247:IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020 2130: 2026: 819:: Almost the entire region is covered by 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 689:: 17,354,884 (4,5 people/km; 6.2%; 2016) 1547:soy, maize, wheat, tobacco, rice, apple 3853: 2386:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1008: 793:Iron, Copper, Gold, Bauxite, Manganese 3486: 2652: 1428:: 29.937.706 (43.46 people/km, 12.5%) 602:Brasilia Urban Metropolitan Complex 46:adding citations to reliable sources 17: 2745:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present) 2678: 2423:Carvão mineral no Brasil e no mundo 1139: 839: 500: 13: 2146:RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2021 1410: 1149: 1027:Area: 1,612,007.2 km (18.86%) 1018: 849: 671: 14: 3877: 2740:Military dictatorship (1964–1985) 2549:American Journal of Human Biology 1715:American Journal of Human Biology 988:machinery manufacturing, textiles 2725:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930) 1972:Brazil socio-geographic division 1368:important metropolitan regions ( 1300:coffee, sugar cane, orange juice 1078:(national capital) (2,562,963); 120: 22: 2627: 2609: 2521: 2427: 2416: 2405: 2394: 2349: 2332: 2306: 2295: 2284: 2273: 2262: 2251: 2222: 2150: 1719:Catholic University of Brasília 1400: 858:Area: 1,561,177 km (18.3%) 661: 504: 33:needs additional citations for 2119: 2108: 2084:Brazilian Pineapple production 2077: 2066: 2055: 2014: 2002: 1325:comparable to eastern Europe. 1158:Area: 927,286 km (10.85%) 683:: 3,689,637.9 km (45.27%) 651:Porto Alegre metropolitan area 493:regions and even further into 1: 2028:10.1101/2020.05.06.20093492v2 1995: 1606:Ethnic composition of regions 2478:10.1371/journal.pone.0017063 654: 629: 604: 581: 556: 7: 3187:Water supply and sanitation 2735:Fourth Republic (1946–1964) 2710:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815) 2104:Brazil's Agriculture by FAO 1960: 1442:313,8 billion (2008; ~15%) 1041:174,3 billion (2008; 8.3%) 1015:Central-West Region, Brazil 872:273,1 billion (2009; ~12%) 639: 626:São Paulo metropolitan area 614: 591: 566: 541: 10: 3882: 3809:Socio-geographic divisions 3784:Saint Peter and Saint Paul 2715:United Kingdom (1815–1822) 2051:Brazilian Mineral Yearbook 2009:The Five Regions Of Brazil 1404: 1143: 1012: 843: 703:94,8 billion (2016; 4.7%) 665: 531:Number of federative units 487:federative units of Brazil 485:, which are formed by the 3840:Proposed federative units 3835: 3807: 3754: 3722: 3689: 3656: 3598: 3550: 3541: 3528: 3444: 3313: 3205: 3107: 3098: 3076: 2990: 2981: 2969:President of the Republic 2887: 2878: 2762: 2753: 2690: 2634:BVGF - A Obra / OpЩsculos 1422:: 577,214 km (6.75%) 1172:803 billion (2008; ~49%) 526:Largest metropolitan area 119: 2892:Administrative divisions 2510:Nossa herança europeia — 1982: 1541:, information technology 1146:Southeast Region, Brazil 846:Northeast Region, Brazil 805:electronic manufacturing 578:Recife metropolitan area 553:Manaus metropolitan area 3794:Trindade and Martim Vaz 957:Jaboatão dos Guararapes 3866:Subdivisions of Brazil 3533:Subdivisions of Brazil 3048:Science and technology 2730:Vargas Era (1930–1946) 1977:Demographics of Brazil 1946:University of Brasília 1415: 1154: 1023: 992:wind energy production 854: 676: 2011:, from worldatlas.com 1414: 1289:Campos dos Goytacazes 1237:São Bernardo do Campo 1153: 1022: 853: 675: 3756:Notable archipelagos 2866:World Heritage Sites 2799:Environmental issues 2772:Brazilian Antarctica 1455:Santa Catarina state 1407:South Region, Brazil 1396:and several others.) 1111:Nickel, Copper, Gold 1092:Aparecida de Goiânia 668:North Region, Brazil 42:improve this article 3764:Fernando de Noronha 3643:Rio Grande do Norte 3415:Syncretic Religions 3323:Freedom of religion 3005:Automotive industry 2469:2011PLoSO...617063P 1896:Central-West Brazil 1787:Central-West Brazil 1599:European population 1257:São José dos Campos 1071:(Federal District). 1009:Central-West Region 915:Rio Grande do Norte 57:"Regions of Brazil" 3681:Mato Grosso do Sul 3375:Eastern Orthodoxy 3368:Ukrainian Catholic 3063:Telecommunications 2720:Empire (1822–1889) 2705:Indigenous peoples 2639:2012-03-31 at the 2621:2011-07-06 at the 2563:10.1002/ajhb.20976 2515:2012-01-30 at the 2320:on 27 October 2020 2177:Industry in Brazil 1580:standard of living 1416: 1281:São João de Meriti 1155: 1065:Mato Grosso do Sul 1024: 994:, salt extraction. 855: 827:-like vegetation ( 677: 473:divided into five 3861:Regions of Brazil 3848: 3847: 3750: 3749: 3737:Rio Grande do Sul 3480: 3479: 3440: 3439: 3382: 3370: 3363: 3356: 3349: 3347:Armenian Catholic 3152:Income inequality 3094: 3093: 2977: 2976: 2964:Political parties 2959:National Congress 2922:Freedom of speech 2907:Foreign relations 2874: 2873: 2616:Untitled Document 1942: 1941: 1833: 1832: 1717:by a team of the 1706: 1705: 1563:energy production 1470:Rio Grande do Sul 1449: 1179: 1168:1,629 trillion / 1048: 879: 821:Amazon Rainforest 801:Energy production 710: 659: 658: 118: 117: 110: 92: 3873: 3666:Distrito Federal 3548: 3547: 3543:Federative units 3507: 3500: 3493: 3484: 3483: 3460: 3453: 3378: 3366: 3359: 3352: 3345: 3270:National symbols 3105: 3104: 3043: 3015:Economic history 3000:Animal husbandry 2988: 2987: 2885: 2884: 2760: 2759: 2673: 2666: 2659: 2650: 2649: 2643: 2631: 2625: 2613: 2607: 2593: 2584: 2583: 2565: 2539: 2530: 2525: 2519: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2490: 2480: 2445: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2420: 2414: 2409: 2403: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2385: 2377: 2375: 2374: 2368: 2362:. Archived from 2361: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2316:. Archived from 2310: 2304: 2299: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2277: 2271: 2266: 2260: 2255: 2249: 2244: 2231: 2226: 2220: 2215: 2202: 2200: 2194: 2179: 2174: 2159: 2154: 2148: 2143: 2128: 2123: 2117: 2112: 2106: 2101: 2086: 2081: 2075: 2070: 2064: 2059: 2053: 2048: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2018: 2012: 2006: 1967:Biomes in Brazil 1912:Southeast Brazil 1880:Northeast Brazil 1838: 1837: 1803:Southeast Brazil 1771:Northeast Brazil 1729: 1728: 1708:According to an 1676:Southeast Brazil 1660:Northeast Brazil 1618: 1617: 1478:Largest Cities: 1443: 1384:(the capital of 1203:Largest cities: 1173: 1140:Southeast Region 1074:Largest Cities: 1069:Distrito Federal 1042: 961:Feira de Santana 923:Largest cities: 873: 840:Northeast Region 749:Largest Cities: 704: 642: 617: 594: 569: 544: 505: 501:The five regions 460: 451: 442: 433: 424: 415: 406: 397: 388: 379: 370: 362: 353: 346: 339: 332: 325: 318: 311: 304: 295: 286: 279: 272: 265: 258: 251: 242: 235: 228: 221: 214: 207: 200: 193: 186: 179: 172: 124: 113: 106: 102: 99: 93: 91: 50: 26: 18: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3831: 3803: 3746: 3718: 3685: 3652: 3594: 3537: 3524: 3511: 3481: 3476: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3436: 3309: 3295:Science fiction 3285:Public holidays 3201: 3162:Life expectancy 3090: 3072: 3041: 2973: 2949:Law enforcement 2870: 2856:Water resources 2836:Protected areas 2749: 2686: 2677: 2647: 2646: 2641:Wayback Machine 2632: 2628: 2623:Wayback Machine 2614: 2610: 2594: 2587: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2522: 2517:Wayback Machine 2508: 2504: 2446: 2439: 2432: 2428: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2406: 2399: 2395: 2379: 2378: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2359: 2357:"Archived copy" 2355: 2354: 2350: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2300: 2296: 2289: 2285: 2278: 2274: 2267: 2263: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2234: 2227: 2223: 2216: 2205: 2199:(in Portuguese) 2198: 2195: 2182: 2175: 2162: 2155: 2151: 2144: 2131: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2109: 2102: 2089: 2082: 2078: 2071: 2067: 2060: 2056: 2049: 2036: 2019: 2015: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1985: 1963: 1857:Native American 1748:Native American 1692:Southern Brazil 1644:Northern Brazil 1637:Native American 1608: 1530:(255,900); and 1409: 1403: 1229:Duque de Caxias 1148: 1142: 1017: 1011: 848: 842: 797:Açaí, Pineapple 670: 664: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 516: 514: 510: 508: 503: 464: 463: 458: 454: 449: 445: 440: 436: 431: 427: 422: 418: 413: 409: 404: 400: 395: 391: 386: 382: 377: 373: 368: 364: 360: 358: 355: 351: 348: 344: 341: 337: 334: 330: 327: 323: 320: 316: 313: 309: 306: 302: 300: 297: 293: 291: 288: 284: 281: 277: 274: 270: 267: 263: 260: 256: 253: 249: 247: 244: 240: 237: 233: 230: 226: 223: 219: 216: 212: 209: 205: 202: 198: 195: 191: 188: 184: 181: 177: 174: 170: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 138: 133: 129: 114: 103: 97: 94: 51: 49: 39: 27: 12: 11: 5: 3879: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3817:Amazônia Legal 3813: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3791: 3781: 3771: 3760: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3742:Santa Catarina 3739: 3734: 3728: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3709:Rio de Janeiro 3706: 3701: 3699:Espírito Santo 3695: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3602: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3554: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3510: 3509: 3502: 3495: 3487: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3461: 3454: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3384: 3383: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3364: 3357: 3350: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3211: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3086:Rail transport 3082: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2932:Women's rights 2929: 2924: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2821:Largest cities 2818: 2813: 2808: 2806:Extreme points 2803: 2802: 2801: 2791: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2782:Climate change 2774: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2676: 2675: 2668: 2661: 2653: 2645: 2644: 2626: 2608: 2601:2011-04-08 at 2585: 2556:(2): 187–192. 2531: 2520: 2502: 2437: 2426: 2415: 2412:Carvão Mineral 2404: 2393: 2348: 2331: 2305: 2294: 2283: 2272: 2261: 2250: 2232: 2221: 2203: 2180: 2160: 2149: 2129: 2118: 2107: 2087: 2076: 2065: 2054: 2034: 2013: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1962: 1959: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1576: 1569: 1566: 1535: 1476: 1474:Santa Catarina 1462: 1450: 1438:503 billion / 1429: 1423: 1405:Main article: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1386:Espírito Santo 1378:Belo Horizonte 1374:Rio de Janeiro 1365: 1352:Mata Atlântica 1348: 1341: 1338:Espírito Santo 1327:Rio de Janeiro 1292: 1265:Ribeirão Preto 1213:Belo Horizonte 1209:Rio de Janeiro 1207:(11,037,593); 1201: 1195:Rio de Janeiro 1187:Espírito Santo 1183: 1180: 1162: 1159: 1144:Main article: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1117: 1114: 1099: 1072: 1053: 1049: 1037:279 billion / 1031: 1028: 1013:Main article: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1001: 998: 995: 976: 973:Campina Grande 921: 883: 880: 868:437 billion / 862: 859: 844:Main article: 841: 838: 837: 836: 832: 814: 808: 786: 747: 717: 711: 699:308 billion / 690: 684: 666:Main article: 663: 660: 657: 656: 653: 648: 643: 638: 632: 631: 628: 623: 618: 613: 607: 606: 603: 600: 595: 590: 584: 583: 580: 575: 570: 565: 559: 558: 555: 550: 545: 540: 534: 533: 528: 523: 517: 511: 502: 499: 471:geopolitically 455: 446: 437: 428: 419: 410: 401: 392: 383: 374: 365: 356: 352:Santa Catarina 349: 342: 338:Espírito Santo 335: 331:Rio de Janeiro 328: 321: 314: 307: 298: 289: 282: 275: 268: 261: 254: 245: 238: 231: 224: 217: 210: 203: 196: 189: 182: 175: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 134: 125: 116: 115: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3878: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3799: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3503: 3501: 3496: 3494: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3393:Protestantism 3391: 3389: 3386: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3337:Christianity 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3177:States by HDI 3175: 3173: 3172:Social issues 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2674: 2669: 2667: 2662: 2660: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2642: 2638: 2635: 2630: 2624: 2620: 2617: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2538: 2536: 2529: 2524: 2518: 2514: 2511: 2506: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2463:(2): e17063. 2462: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2444: 2442: 2435: 2430: 2424: 2419: 2413: 2408: 2402: 2397: 2389: 2383: 2369:on 2011-10-07 2365: 2358: 2352: 2341: 2335: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2298: 2292: 2287: 2281: 2276: 2270: 2265: 2259: 2254: 2248: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2230: 2225: 2219: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2201: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2158: 2153: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2127: 2122: 2116: 2111: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2085: 2080: 2074: 2069: 2063: 2058: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2029: 2024: 2017: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1954:Human Biology 1949: 1947: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1836: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1710:autosomal DNA 1701: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1600: 1596: 1595:World War IIs 1592: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1528:Foz do Iguaçu 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1500:Florianópolis 1497: 1496:Caxias do Sul 1493: 1489: 1486:(1,413,094); 1485: 1482:(1,764,540); 1481: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1310:, petroleum, 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1223:(1,064,669); 1222: 1219:(1,299,283); 1218: 1215:(2,452,617); 1214: 1211:(6,186,710); 1210: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1082:(1,318,148); 1081: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 974: 970: 966: 962: 959:; (580,795); 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 939:(1,011,943); 938: 935:(1,536,934); 934: 931:(2,447,409); 930: 927:(2,676,606); 926: 922: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 881: 877: 871: 867: 863: 860: 857: 856: 852: 847: 833: 830: 826: 822: 818: 815: 812: 809: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 787: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 757:(1,303,403); 756: 753:(2,063,689); 752: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 715: 712: 708: 702: 698: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 678: 674: 669: 652: 649: 647: 644: 637: 634: 633: 627: 624: 622: 619: 612: 609: 608: 601: 599: 596: 589: 586: 585: 579: 576: 574: 571: 564: 561: 560: 554: 551: 549: 546: 539: 536: 535: 529: 524: 519:Most populous 518: 515:(2022 census) 512: 507: 506: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 477:(also called 476: 472: 468: 462: 461: 453: 452: 444: 443: 435: 434: 426: 425: 417: 416: 408: 407: 405:French Guiana 399: 398: 390: 389: 381: 380: 372: 371: 363: 354: 347: 340: 333: 326: 319: 312: 305: 296: 287: 280: 273: 266: 259: 252: 243: 236: 229: 222: 215: 208: 201: 194: 187: 180: 173: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 140: 132: 131: 123: 112: 109: 101: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: 69: 66: 62: 59: –  58: 54: 53:Find sources: 47: 43: 37: 36: 31:This article 29: 25: 20: 19: 16: 3704:Minas Gerais 3513: 3182:Unemployment 3132:Demographics 3010:Central Bank 2917:Human rights 2897:Constitution 2840: 2767:Amazon basin 2629: 2611: 2553: 2547: 2523: 2505: 2460: 2454: 2429: 2418: 2407: 2396: 2371:. Retrieved 2364:the original 2351: 2334: 2322:. Retrieved 2318:the original 2308: 2297: 2286: 2275: 2264: 2253: 2224: 2152: 2121: 2110: 2079: 2068: 2057: 2016: 2004: 1952: 1950: 1943: 1928:South Brazil 1864:North Brazil 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1834: 1819:South Brazil 1755:North Brazil 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1714: 1707: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1613: 1609: 1516:Ponta Grossa 1502:(427,298); 1484:Porto Alegre 1431: 1425: 1419: 1401:South Region 1359: 1345:airport hubs 1334:Minas Gerais 1279:(479,384); 1273:Belford Roxo 1269:Juiz de Fora 1191:Minas Gerais 1084:Campo Grande 828: 716:: Equatorial 662:North Region 641:29.9 million 616:84.8 million 593:16.2 million 588:Central-West 568:54.6 million 543:17.3 million 521:municipality 491:intermediate 479:macroregions 465: 456: 447: 438: 429: 420: 411: 402: 393: 384: 375: 366: 317:Minas Gerais 155:Central-West 136: 127: 104: 95: 85: 78: 71: 64: 52: 40:Please help 35:verification 32: 15: 3774:Rocas Atoll 3676:Mato Grosso 3658:Center-West 3341:Catholicism 3255:Malandragem 3220:Archaeology 3147:Immigration 3053:Stock index 2995:Agriculture 2794:Environment 2434:Itaipu site 1591:World War I 1532:Santa Maria 1526:(289,339); 1522:(312,634); 1518:(314,527); 1514:(325,188); 1510:(328,864); 1506:(362,329); 1498:(441,332); 1494:(511,278); 1490:(520,905); 1459:São Joaquim 1287:(441,748); 1283:(469,827); 1275:(501,544); 1271:(526,706); 1267:(563,107); 1263:(584,313); 1259:(615,871); 1255:(625,393); 1251:(634,345); 1247:(673,396); 1245:Santo André 1243:(718,646); 1239:(810,979); 1235:(865,089); 1233:Nova Iguaçu 1231:(872,762); 1227:(991,382); 1225:São Gonçalo 1135:processing. 1094:(442,978); 1090:(556,298); 1086:(796,252); 1061:Mato Grosso 971:(368,666); 967:(461,083); 963:(481,137); 955:(595,429); 953:João Pessoa 951:(714,583); 947:(789,836); 943:(932,608); 781:(331,937); 777:(364,756); 773:(413,486); 769:(442,933); 765:(460,434); 763:Porto Velho 761:(478,778); 292:Mato Grosso 285:Mato Grosso 98:August 2010 3855:Categories 3822:Centro-Sul 3633:Pernambuco 3380:Antiochian 3305:Television 3275:Newspapers 3250:Literature 3122:Corruption 3117:Censorship 3042:(currency) 2912:Government 2373:2011-08-31 1996:References 1587:immigrants 1534:(262,368). 1426:Population 1394:Uberlândia 1312:iron, gold 1291:(434,008). 1249:Uberlândia 1113:, tourism. 1098:(334,613). 975:(354,546). 907:Pernambuco 817:Vegetation 807:, tourism. 785:(302,692). 775:Rio Branco 759:Ananindeua 687:Population 513:Population 481:), by the 359:Rio Grande 264:Pernambuco 248:Rio Grande 68:newspapers 3714:São Paulo 3691:Southeast 3600:Northeast 3590:Tocantins 3425:Quimbanda 3420:Candomblé 3290:Sculpture 3265:Mythology 3215:Animation 3157:Languages 3137:Education 3078:Transport 2939:Judiciary 2902:Elections 2851:Time Zone 2826:Mountains 2789:Coastline 2755:Geography 2580:205301927 1555:livestock 1537:Economy: 1488:Joinville 1370:São Paulo 1320:São Paulo 1304:livestock 1294:Economy: 1217:Guarulhos 1205:São Paulo 1199:São Paulo 1103:Livestock 1101:Economy: 978:Economy: 929:Fortaleza 811:Transport 771:Boa Vista 745:Tocantins 621:São Paulo 611:Southeast 573:Fortaleza 563:Northeast 497:regions. 495:immediate 459:Venezuela 369:Argentina 324:São Paulo 213:Tocantins 160:Southeast 150:Northeast 3827:Nordeste 3623:Maranhão 3580:Rondônia 3570:Amazonas 3467:Category 3405:Hinduism 3354:Maronite 3333:Buddhism 3315:Religion 3280:Painting 3230:Carnaval 3112:Abortion 3058:Taxation 3030:Industry 2954:Military 2880:Politics 2861:Wildlife 2831:Pantanal 2700:Timeline 2684:articles 2637:Archived 2619:Archived 2599:Archived 2572:19639555 2513:Archived 2497:21359226 2456:PLoS ONE 2382:cite web 1961:See also 1847:European 1738:European 1627:European 1584:European 1524:Cascavel 1520:Blumenau 1492:Londrina 1480:Curitiba 1464:States: 1390:Campinas 1388:state), 1356:savannah 1261:Sorocaba 1253:Contagem 1221:Campinas 1185:States: 1129:Paraguay 1121:Pantanal 1096:Anápolis 1076:Brasília 1055:States: 949:Teresina 937:São Luís 925:Salvador 899:Maranhão 885:States: 779:Santarém 737:Rondônia 729:Amazonas 719:States: 646:Curitiba 598:Brasília 441:Suriname 423:Paraguay 396:Colombia 303:District 250:do Norte 220:Maranhão 206:Rondônia 178:Amazonas 128:Atlantic 3648:Sergipe 3628:Paraíba 3608:Alagoas 3585:Roraima 3514:Regions 3451:Outline 3430:Umbanda 3410:Judaism 3361:Melkite 3245:Cuisine 3207:Culture 3192:Welfare 3100:Society 3068:Tourism 3025:Exports 2983:Economy 2841:Regions 2816:Islands 2811:Geology 2777:Climate 2692:History 2603:WebCite 2488:3040205 2465:Bibcode 2324:20 July 2023:medRxiv 1852:African 1823:87.70% 1810:14.10% 1807:79.90% 1797:11.80% 1794:18.70% 1791:65.90% 1778:13.60% 1775:77.40% 1765:10.70% 1762:18.20% 1759:71.10% 1743:African 1699:10.30% 1696:79.50% 1683:17.30% 1680:74.20% 1667:29.30% 1664:60.10% 1654:18.50% 1651:10.50% 1648:68.80% 1632:African 1543:tourism 1508:Pelotas 1504:Maringá 1382:Vitória 1361:Cerrado 1308:tourism 1277:Niterói 1080:Goiânia 1052:south). 980:Tourism 965:Aracaju 919:Sergipe 903:Paraíba 887:Alagoas 829:cerrado 825:savanna 789:Economy 741:Roraima 714:Climate 475:regions 450:Uruguay 378:Bolivia 301:Federal 278:Sergipe 271:Alagoas 257:Paraíba 192:Roraima 137:Pacific 82:scholar 3732:Paraná 3522:Brazil 3518:states 3472:Portal 3328:Baháʼí 3300:Sports 3240:Comics 3235:Cinema 3167:People 3142:Health 3035:Mining 3020:Energy 2846:Rivers 2682:  2680:Brazil 2578:  2570:  2495:  2485:  2025:  1932:81.5% 1919:32.0% 1916:60.7% 1906:12.0% 1903:21.7% 1900:66.3% 1890:10.0% 1887:23.3% 1884:66.7% 1874:18.1% 1871:21.3% 1868:60.6% 1842:Region 1829:5.20% 1826:7.70% 1813:6.10% 1781:8.90% 1733:Region 1702:9.40% 1686:7.30% 1670:8.90% 1622:Region 1573:Pampas 1512:Canoas 1466:Paraná 1241:Osasco 1088:Cuiabá 969:Olinda 941:Maceió 933:Recife 783:Palmas 767:Macapá 751:Manaus 548:Manaus 467:Brazil 414:Guyana 361:do Sul 345:Paraná 294:do Sul 84:  77:  70:  63:  55:  3724:South 3671:Goiás 3638:Piauí 3618:Ceará 3613:Bahia 3565:Amapá 3552:North 3458:Index 3400:Islam 3260:Music 3197:Youth 3127:Crime 3040:Real 2576:S2CID 2367:(PDF) 2360:(PDF) 2343:(PDF) 1983:Notes 1938:9.2% 1935:9.3% 1922:7.3% 1285:Betim 1164:GDP: 1127:, in 1125:Chaco 1057:Goiás 1033:GDP: 945:Natal 911:Piauí 895:Ceará 891:Bahia 864:GDP: 755:Belém 725:Amapá 636:South 538:North 387:Chile 310:Goiás 241:Ceará 234:Piauí 227:Bahia 199:Amapá 165:South 145:North 139:Ocean 130:Ocean 89:JSTOR 75:books 3575:Pará 3560:Acre 3516:and 3225:Arts 2927:LGBT 2606:Sur. 2568:PMID 2493:PMID 2388:link 2326:2020 1723:SNPs 1593:and 1559:coal 1551:wine 1440:US$ 1420:Area 1376:and 1336:and 1170:US$ 1039:US$ 870:US$ 733:Pará 721:Acre 701:US$ 681:Area 509:Name 432:Peru 185:Pará 171:Acre 61:news 3520:of 3388:LDS 2944:Law 2558:doi 2483:PMC 2473:doi 1457:'s 1446:2nd 1436:R$ 1432:GDP 1176:1st 1166:R$ 1045:4th 1035:R$ 876:3rd 866:R$ 707:5th 697:R$ 693:GDP 469:is 44:by 3857:: 3798:ES 3788:PE 3778:RN 3768:PE 2588:^ 2574:. 2566:. 2554:22 2552:. 2546:. 2534:^ 2491:. 2481:. 2471:. 2459:. 2453:. 2440:^ 2384:}} 2380:{{ 2235:^ 2206:^ 2183:^ 2163:^ 2132:^ 2090:^ 2037:^ 1561:, 1557:, 1549:, 1545:, 1472:, 1468:, 1461:). 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Atlantic
Ocean

Pacific
Ocean

North
Northeast
Central-West
Southeast
South
Acre
Amazonas
Pará
Roraima
Amapá
Rondônia
Tocantins
Maranhão
Bahia
Piauí
Ceará

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