642:
attributed to ancestral or nature spirits, however. Many people believe that magical powers inhere in things and that these powers, though usually neutral, may be used malevolently to afflict others or to prevent others to deal with affliction, particularly illness and death. It is further thought that individuals, sometimes unconsciously and without the use of material or technical means, can bring illness or other affliction to human beings. Such persons, usually called witches, are thought to be marked by the presence of a substance in the stomach or other organ. The terms witch and sorcerer have been applied to those who use their power malevolently, and the distinction between the two is based in part on whether the power is inherited (witch) or acquired in exchange for something of value (sorcerer) - whether the power is mystical or technical and whether the power is used on one's (the witch's) own behalf or on behalf of others, at a price. In fact, this distinction is made only in some societies and may be linked to certain features of community social structures and associated with patterns of accusation - whether kin by blood or marriage or non-kin are held to be responsible.
533:
Protestantism offered locally. The conversion of isolated individuals was rare. Those individuals who did not become
Christians remained to a greater or lesser extent adherents of the indigenous system; unless they migrated to one of the larger towns, persons of a specific locality did not have the option of another kind of Christianity. Those members of a community who had not yet become Christians were tied by kinship and propinquity to those individuals who had. On the one hand, indigenous patterns of social relations affected church organization; on the other hand, the presence of Christians in the community affected the local culture to varying degrees. Christians who could quote Scripture in the local tongue contributed phrases to it that others picked up, and the attributes of the Christian God as interpreted by the specific denomination sometimes became attached to the high god of the indigenous religious system and typically made that deity more prominent than previously.
521:
Portuguese missionary organization. Foreign Roman
Catholic missionaries were required to renounce the laws of their own country, submit to Portuguese law, and furnish proof of their ability to speak and write the Portuguese language correctly. Missionary activity was placed under the authority of Portuguese priests. All of this was consistent with the Colonial Act of 1930, which advanced the view that Portuguese Catholic missions overseas were "instruments of civilization and national influence". In 1940 the education of Africans was declared the exclusive responsibility of missionary personnel. All church activities, education included, were to be subsidized by the state. In reality, Protestant missions were permitted to engage in educational activity, but without subsidy and on condition that Portuguese be the language of instruction.
541:
densely populated but also because
Portuguese penetration into the far interior was comparatively recent and Roman Catholic missionaries tended to follow the flag. The most heavily Roman Catholic area before independence was Cabinda Province, where most of the people were Bakongo. Bakongo in Angola proper were not quite so heavily Roman Catholic, and Protestantism was very influential there. There was a substantial proportion of Roman Catholics among the Mbundu in Luanda and Cuanza Norte provinces. Less heavily Catholic were the Ovimbundu-populated provinces of Benguela and Huambo, although the city of Huambo had been estimated to be two-thirds Catholic. In the southern and eastern districts, the proportion of Roman Catholics dropped considerably.
359:
525:
Portuguese policy and practice. Before the establishment of the New State (Estado Novo) in
Portugal in 1926, the authorities kept an eye on the Protestant missions but were not particularly hostile to them. Settlers and local administrators often were hostile, however, because Protestant missionaries tended to be protective of what they considered their charges. In those early years and later, Protestant missionaries were not only evangelists but also teachers, healers, and counselors - all perhaps in a paternal fashion but in ways that involved contact with Africans in a more sustained fashion than was characteristic of Roman Catholic missionaries and local administrators.
1703:
430:
certain specific controls over religious organizations, and was prepared to act quickly when it felt that it was challenged by the acts of a specific group. Thus, in early 1978 the MPLA Political Bureau ordered the registration of "legitimate" churches and religious organizations at the "National
Institute for Religious Matters", created in the framework of the Ministry of Culture. Although foreign priests and missionaries were permitted to stay in the country, and although religious groups or churches could receive goods from abroad, further construction of new churches without a permit was forbidden.
470:
the end of 1986, and they attacked a prison in Luanda in 1987 in an attempt to free fellow believers who had been arrested in the 1986 riots. As a result, the government banned the sect, claiming that its members had used religion to attack the state and had therefore lost their legitimacy. Subsequently, however, as part of the general relaxation of its policy on religion, the government softened its position on the sect and in March 1988 declared it a legal religion. The issue had in the meantime become less relevant, because religious communities - mostly
Pentecostal (such as the
658:
ritual has been performed to placate the spirits or invoke their help. If things go badly, the correct ritual has not been performed, or a spirit has been otherwise provoked, or malevolent individuals have succeeded in breaching whatever protective (magical) measures have been taken against them. This outlook often persisted in Angola among individuals who had been influenced by
Christianity or secular education. With some changes in particulars, it seemed to pervade urban areas, where a kimbanda rarely lacked clients.
592:
percentage. The sole
Protestant group active among the Mbundu was the Methodist Mission, largely sponsored by the Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States. Portuguese data for 1960 indicated that only 8 percent of the Mbundu considered themselves Protestants, but Protestant missions had considerable success among the Dembos. As many as 35 percent of the Bakongo were considered Protestants by the official religious census of 1960, with Baptists being the most numerous.
502:
103:
482:- maintains a certain monitoring of the religious communities, through the Instituto Nacional das Religiões. This institute, at present headed by a former Catholic priest, holds a register of all religious communities - well over 1000 in 2011 - pronounces selectively an official recognitions which imply a certain measure of recognition and support, and maintains a permanent dialogue with the more important communities.
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1125:
987:
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symptoms; others enjoy broad repute and may include more than one village, or even more than one province, in their rounds. The greater the reputation of the kimbanda, the more he or she charges for services. This widespread term for diviner/healer has entered into local
Portuguese, and so central is the role of the kimbanda to the complex of beliefs and practices characterizing most
413:, 1977–1991, meant that its attitude toward religion, at least officially, corresponded during that period to that of the traditional Soviet Marxist–Leninist dogma, which generally characterized religion as antiquated and irrelevant to the construction of a new society. The government also viewed religion as an instrument of colonialism because of the
646:
be accused of sorcery) and whose sensitivity to patterns of stress and strain in the community help him or her arrive at a diagnosis. A diviner - widely called a kimbanda - may also have extensive knowledge of herbal medicine, and at least part of the work of the kimbanda is devoted to the application of that knowledge.
786:, the Hindu population in Angola is less than 0.1% of the total population, but not negligible. According to the Indian embassy in Angola, Angola's the number of people with Indian origin is fewer in Angola relative to other South African countries, and mainly comprises businessmen, professionals, and skilled workers.
417:'s close association with the Portuguese. Furthermore, because membership in the party was the road to influence, party leaders and many of the cadres were likely to have no formal religious commitment, or at any rate to deny having one (even though most of Angola's leaders in the 1980s were educated at Catholic,
457:
tolerant of religious groups in general. One exception was the “Igreja de Nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo no Mundo” (Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ in the World), an independent
Christian sect founded in 1949 by Simão Toko (also spelled Simão Toco). Toko, a Protestant from Uíge Province, fashioned the sect after the
645:
Individual difficulties are attributed to witchcraft, sorcery, or the acts of ancestral or nature spirits. The determination is usually made by a diviner, a specialist whose personal power and use of material objects are held to be generally benevolent (although there are cases in which a diviner may
637:
In theory, nature spirits are not generally considered to have led a human existence, but there are exceptions. Occasionally, the spirits of local rulers or others are detached from specific descent groups or are considered to have the characteristics of other nature spirits in that they are resident
629:
The active entities in indigenous religious systems are ancestral and nature spirits. Ancestral spirits are considered relevant to the welfare of a descent group or its members, and nature spirits are considered relevant to the welfare of a community in a given location. However, specific individuals
536:
The involvement of the Protestant churches in the languages of their mission areas, their medical and other welfare activity, and their ability to adapt to local structures or (in the case of the Methodists among the Mbundu) to be fortuitously consistent with them gave Protestants much more influence
520:
Although Roman Catholic missions were largely staffed by non-Portuguese during the colonial era, the relevant statutes and accords provided that foreign missionaries could be admitted only with the approval of the Portuguese government and the Vatican and on condition that they be integrated with the
595:
In addition to the Protestant churches directly generated by the missions and continuing in a more or less orthodox pattern, there were other groups, which stemmed at least in part from the Protestant experience but expressed a peculiarly local tendency and which were dominated entirely by Africans.
591:
In the late 1980s, statistics on Christian preferences among ethnic groups were unavailable, but proportions calculated from the 1960 census probably had not changed significantly. According to the 1960 census, about 21 percent of the Ovimbundu were Protestants, but later estimates suggest a smaller
516:
Religious affiliation in Angola was difficult to define because many who claimed membership in a specific Christian denomination also shared perceptions of the natural and supernatural order characteristic of indigenous religious systems. Sometimes the Christian sphere of the life of a community was
633:
Ancestral spirits, especially those of recently deceased kin, must be honored with appropriate rituals if they are expected to look favorably on the enterprises of their descendants. Only some of these rituals are performed by the descent group as a whole. More frequently, they are performed by and
621:
There were as many indigenous religious systems in Angola as there were ethnic groups or even sections of ethnic groups. Two or more ethnic groups might share specific elements of belief, ritual, and organizational principle, but the configuration of these elements would be different for each group
641:
The spirits of the ancestors of a kin group are looked to for assistance in economic and social matters, and some misfortunes - famine, poor crops, personal losses - are ascribed to failure to have performed the appropriate rituals or to having misbehaved in some other way. Not all misfortunes are
540:
Estimates of the number of Roman Catholics in Angola varied. One source claimed that about 55 percent of the population in 1985 was Roman Catholic; another put the proportion in 1987 at 68 percent. Most Roman Catholics lived in western Angola, not only because that part of the country was the most
477:
The situation changed substantially when the MPLA abandoned Marxism-Leninism in 1991 and adopted a constitution that provided for multiparty democracy (albeit in a highly presidentialist version). Restrictions on the liberty of religion were all but abolished, as was the obligation to abide by the
469:
in the 1920s). The government had been especially suspicious of the Tokoists because of their strong support in Benguela Province, most of whose residents were Ovimbundu, the principal supporters of UNITA. Tokoists also were involved in riots in the Catete region of Bengo Province and in Luanda at
448:
and its silencing of the church's radio station in 1976. In response to charges of government meddling in religious affairs, President Neto issued a decree in January 1978 stating that there was complete separation between church and religious institutions. In addition, Jornal de Angola printed an
657:
In general, the belief in spirits (ancestral or natural), witches, and sorcerers is associated with a worldview that leaves no room for the accidental. Whether events are favorable or adverse, responsibility for them can in principle be attributed to a causal agent. If things go well, the correct
649:
The kimbanda is said to have inherited or acquired the ability to communicate with spirits. In many cases, the acquisition of such power follows illness and possession by a specific spirit. The proficiency and degree of specialization of diviners varies widely. Some will deal only with particular
528:
Protestant missionaries worked at learning the local languages, in part to communicate better with those in their mission field, but above all in order to translate the Old Testament and the New Testament into African tongues. Protestant missionaries were much more likely than administrators and
429:
mission schools). Nonetheless, the government acknowledged the prevalence of religion in Angolan societies and officially recognized the equality of all religions, tolerating religious practices as long as the churches restricted themselves to spiritual matters. The state, however, did institute
524:
The important Protestant missions in place in the 1960s (or their predecessors) had arrived in Angola in the late nineteenth century and therefore had been at work before the Portuguese managed to establish control over the entire territory. Their early years, therefore, were little affected by
625:
Most traditional African religions claim the existence of a high god, but this deity's attributes vary. For example, some groups emphasize the high god's role as a creator, while others do not. Specific events in the human world are not usually explained by reference to this god, nor is a cult
456:
In the late 1980s, there was a slight change in the government's policy toward religion. The president and others in the government and party elites, recognizing that political opposition had not coalesced around religious leaders, became less fearful of religious opposition and therefore more
537:
than their numbers would suggest. For example, the leaders of the three major nationalist movements in the 1970s - the MPLA, UNITA, and the FNLA - had been raised as Protestants, and many others in these movements were also Protestants, even if their commitment may have diminished over time.
532:
Because specific Protestant denominations were associated with particular ethnic communities, the structure of religious organization was linked to the structure of these communities. This connection was brought about in part by the tendency of entire communities to turn to the variety of
672:
Islam in Angola is a minority religion with 80,000-90,000 adherents, composed largely of migrants from West Africa and families of Lebanese origin. The Association of the Development of Islam in Angola is the primary proselytizing organization. Muslim Angolans are represented by the
452:
The outcome of the conflict had repercussions for Protestant churches as well as for the Roman Catholic Church. In essence, the government made it clear that religious institutions were to adhere to government and party rulings regarding non-religious issues.
544:
The proportion of Protestants in the Angolan population was estimated at 10 percent to 20 percent in the late 1980s. The majority of them presumably were Africans, although some mestiços may have been affiliated with one or another Protestant church.
2239:
569:
681:. The constitution of Angola prescribes freedom of belief, however, there have been press accounts the Muslim community is especially targeted by the Angolan government. Muslims are currently denied
529:
settlers to know a local language. Roman Catholic missionaries did not similarly emphasize the translation of the Bible and, with some exceptions, did not make a point of learning a Bantu language.
674:
1428:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963"
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institutionally separate from the indigenous sphere. In other cases, the local meaning and practice of Christianity were modified by indigenous patterns of belief and practice.
565:
441:. Their most specific complaint was that the establishment of a single system of education ignored the rights of parents. They also objected to the government's systematic
1898:
557:
606:
2226:
2219:
2207:
553:
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The number of Angolans identifying with such African churches is not known, but it is reasonable to assume that many Angolans were attached to them.
1960:
2707:
433:
A conflict developed in the late 1970s between the government and the Roman Catholic Church. In December 1977, the bishops of Angola's three
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The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respected this right in practice. There were no reports of
654:
that some sources, such as the Jornal de Angola, have applied the term kimbandism to indigenous systems when cataloging Angolan religions.
1635:
345:
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1945:
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may be directly affected by one of the nature spirits resident in rocks or trees or in natural forces such as wind or lightning.
2447:
471:
287:
2095:
1630:
1475:
854:
783:
770:
Levi Itshak and Dvora Léa Chekly. Although Jews in the country were previously serviced by visiting Rabbinical students, the
724:
573:
2358:
1708:
145:
474:) - had mushroomed throughout the country, mostly in Luanda and other important towns, often under Brazilian influence.
2417:
2184:
1600:
889:
1523:
437:, meeting in Lubango, drafted a pastoral letter subsequently read to all churches that claimed frequent violations of
2442:
1537:
1406:
1372:
1340:
720:
561:
2857:
2320:
712:
338:
2370:
2195:
1289:
1157:
1143:
1005:
362:
157:
1731:
694:
2490:
2336:
1975:
1868:
1816:
1670:
795:
740:
600:
581:
123:
59:
782:
Hinduism is practiced by some members of the Asian community, most of whom are foreigners. According to the
2829:
2802:
2613:
2427:
1702:
728:
577:
478:
directives issued by the MPLA. However, the government - still dominated by the MPLA, especially after the
1497:
358:
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2702:
2618:
2557:
2552:
2520:
2395:
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2300:
1741:
830:
182:
152:
708:
449:
attack on the bishops, accusing them of questioning the integrity of the Angolan revolutionary process.
2670:
2603:
2348:
2276:
2258:
1529:
1441:
1427:
1283:
1137:
999:
331:
135:
2814:
2732:
2542:
2432:
2015:
1726:
1626:
1553:
1253:
1107:
969:
850:
317:
2682:
2572:
2567:
2459:
2437:
2245:
2130:
2120:
1925:
1663:
805:
2697:
2608:
2135:
2020:
1955:
1611:
825:
719:
and smaller groups of Baháʼís in other cities. In 1992 the Baháʼís of Angola elected their first
585:
195:
603:
was started in the 1980s and developed rapidly; it is present in 9 of the 18 Angolan Provinces.
2765:
2727:
2687:
2651:
2525:
2500:
2293:
2252:
2115:
2075:
2060:
2045:
2000:
1940:
1761:
820:
496:
312:
2232:
1888:
1358:
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2530:
2341:
2065:
414:
128:
1303:
2807:
2797:
2547:
2505:
2263:
2170:
2145:
1990:
1985:
1965:
1935:
1920:
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651:
255:
230:
1392:
700:
8:
2742:
2712:
2692:
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2510:
2454:
2405:
2213:
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2155:
2125:
2110:
2090:
2080:
2070:
2035:
2030:
1980:
1930:
1905:
1861:
1257:
1111:
973:
893:
479:
202:
1354:
704:
2792:
2787:
2722:
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2422:
2165:
2160:
2100:
2050:
2010:
1846:
1821:
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1423:
1398:
1364:
2850:
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2737:
2717:
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2628:
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2353:
2328:
2201:
2140:
2085:
2040:
2025:
2005:
1995:
1970:
1915:
1873:
1836:
1811:
1766:
1533:
1402:
1368:
1261:
1115:
977:
610:
438:
162:
140:
113:
93:
1421:
879:, Luanda: Ministério da Cultura/Instituto Nacional para os Assuntos Religiosos, 2008
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2150:
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1950:
1841:
1826:
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260:
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2873:
2819:
2782:
2747:
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2385:
2380:
1883:
1851:
1806:
1801:
1736:
1246:
Warner, Rachel (1989). "Indigenous religious systems". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
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759:
667:
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84:
29:
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2633:
2515:
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1781:
1776:
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represents the first known official Jewish house of worship to open in Angola.
506:
426:
307:
401:
The attitude of the Angolan regime toward religion has been inconsistent. The
2888:
1721:
1275:
1129:
991:
466:
390:
223:
39:
1265:
1119:
981:
1445:
771:
707:
wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. The first
372:
1878:
458:
434:
380:
811:
In 2022, Freedom House rated Angola’s religious freedom as 2 out of 4.
445:
1655:
1247:
1101:
963:
501:
422:
49:
1746:
962:
Warner, Rachel (1989). "Religious life". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
410:
2285:
1791:
1274:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1128:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1100:
Warner, Rachel (1989). "Christianity". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
990:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
442:
418:
406:
102:
2316:
1554:"The Association of Religion Data Archives | National Profiles"
763:
756:
752:
716:
678:
548:
The government recognized eleven Protestant denominations: the
510:
386:
366:
1652:, Luanda: Instituto de Investigação Científica de Angola, 1975
1578:"Angola - Visiting Angola - Embassy Of India, Luanda, Angola"
767:
622:
or section. Nevertheless, certain patterns were widespread.
745:
402:
1440:
877:
Panorama das Religiões em Angola Independente (1975-2008)
748:
have had a connection with Angola for hundreds of years.
711:
arrived in Angola about 1952. By 1963 there was a Baháʼí
890:"2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Angola"
634:
on behalf of a segment of the group or an individual.
1341:"Angola accused of 'banning' Islam as mosques closed"
393:
and its constitution guarantees freedom of religion.
1698:
1450:
Ridvan Messages from the Universal House of Justice
568:, the Evangelical Church of South-West Angola, the
2886:
1353:
616:
607:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1471:"QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010)"
1367:: US Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 47–59.
461:movement (not to be confused with traditional
2301:
1671:
339:
562:Evangelical Congregational Church of Angola
2308:
2294:
1678:
1664:
1401:: US Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 27.
882:
396:
346:
332:
570:Our Lord Jesus Christ Church in the World
1463:
731:) estimated some 2,100 Baháʼís in 2010.
685:the permit to pray in or build mosques.
500:
357:
1521:
1394:Messages to the Baháʼí World, 1950-1957
1387:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
808:based on religious belief or practice.
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1685:
1320:
1245:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
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1079:
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1063:
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1059:
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1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
961:
789:
472:Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
2289:
1659:
1631:Association of Religion Data Archives
1476:Association of Religion Data Archives
1434:
1415:
1347:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
855:Association of Religion Data Archives
784:Association of Religion Data Archives
725:Association of Religion Data Archives
574:Reformed Evangelical Church in Angola
1709:Traditional African religions portal
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
751:In 2014 at the request of the local
2315:
1612:Freedom House, Retrieved 2023-04-25
1381:
1174:
465:practices, which had arisen in the
22:Religion in Angola (2020 estimate)
13:
1012:
675:Supreme Council of Angolan Muslims
14:
2906:
1620:
908:
609:has more than 1,000 members in 5
383:being its largest denomination.
363:Cathedral of Our Lady of Remedies
2240:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1961:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1701:
1269:
1123:
985:
101:
1642:
1605:
1594:
1570:
1546:
1515:
1490:
1333:
688:
490:
480:parliamentary elections of 2008
1296:
1158:"Facts and Statistics: Angola"
1150:
869:
843:
638:in features of the landscape.
1:
1869:Traditional African religions
1525:Culture and Customs of Angola
1328:Culture And Customs of Angola
1164:, LDS Church, January 1, 2012
836:
796:Freedom of religion in Angola
741:History of the Jews in Angola
601:Presbyterian Church of Angola
582:Union of Evangelical Churches
729:World Christian Encyclopedia
617:Indigenous religious systems
578:Seventh-day Adventist Church
566:Evangelical Church of Angola
7:
2021:Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
1742:Traditional Berber religion
1650:Etnias e culturas de Angola
1426:Residing in the Holy Land.
831:Roman Catholicism in Angola
814:
777:
755:community, a center of the
721:National Spiritual Assembly
16:Religious beliefs in Angola
10:
2911:
2277:African diaspora religions
1629:national profile from the
1530:Greenwood Publishing Group
1498:"Chabad to Open in Angola"
1442:Universal House of Justice
1360:Tablets of the Divine Plan
1288:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1142:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1004:: CS1 maint: postscript (
793:
738:
734:
692:
665:
558:Baptist Evangelical Church
494:
2844:
2756:
2678:
2669:
2594:
2585:
2486:
2477:
2413:
2404:
2327:
2273:
2178:
1897:
1727:Ancient Egyptian religion
1693:
1601:US State Dept 2021 report
1522:Oyebade, Adebayo (2007).
1254:Federal Research Division
1108:Federal Research Division
970:Federal Research Division
485:
1946:Central African Republic
1308:U.S. Department of State
713:Local Spiritual Assembly
661:
1452:. Baháʼí Library Online
1249:Angola: a country study
1103:Angola: a country study
965:Angola: a country study
826:Protestantism in Angola
727:(relying mostly on the
703:in Angola begins after
586:United Methodist Church
397:Religion and government
1363:(Paperback ed.).
821:Christianity in Angola
695:Baháʼí Faith in Angola
513:
497:Christianity in Angola
369:
2106:São Tomé and Príncipe
2096:Republic of the Congo
1636:National News (Kenya)
1446:"Ridván Letter, 1992"
504:
415:Roman Catholic Church
361:
2448:World Heritage Sites
1582:www.indembangola.org
1330:, 2006. Pages 45-46.
1326:Oyebade, Adebayo O.
1252:. Washington, D.C.:
1106:. Washington, D.C.:
968:. Washington, D.C.:
652:indigenous religions
288:World Heritage Sites
2708:Internet censorship
2366:War of Independence
2337:Precolonial history
1862:Serer creation myth
1258:Library of Congress
1112:Library of Congress
974:Library of Congress
894:US State Department
875:See Fátima Viegas,
790:Freedom of religion
584:of Angola, and the
572:(Kimbanguist), the
375:is the predominant
153:War of Independence
124:Precolonial history
2895:Religion in Angola
2359:Colonial governors
1847:Malagasy mythology
1757:Bushongo mythology
1687:Religion in Africa
1430:. pp. 25, 56.
1424:Hands of the Cause
1399:Wilmette, Illinois
1365:Wilmette, Illinois
1260:. pp. 97–99.
1114:. pp. 94–97.
976:. pp. 92–94.
554:Baptist Convention
514:
377:religion in Angola
370:
146:Colonial governors
68: Other (1.1%)
60:Traditional faiths
2882:
2881:
2840:
2839:
2718:Lists of Angolans
2703:Human trafficking
2665:
2664:
2581:
2580:
2558:Political parties
2553:National Assembly
2521:Foreign relations
2473:
2472:
2371:People's Republic
2283:
2282:
2189:other territories
1976:Equatorial Guinea
1874:Tumbuka mythology
1837:Lugbara mythology
1822:Khoe/San religion
1767:Dahomean religion
1284:cite encyclopedia
1138:cite encyclopedia
1000:cite encyclopedia
626:addressed to it.
439:religious freedom
405:'s commitment to
356:
355:
158:People's Republic
94:Culture of Angola
74: None (1.0%)
2902:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2676:
2675:
2637:
2592:
2591:
2484:
2483:
2418:Cities and towns
2411:
2410:
2349:Colonial history
2310:
2303:
2296:
2287:
2286:
1899:Sovereign states
1842:Maasai mythology
1827:Lotuko mythology
1717:Akamba mythology
1711:
1706:
1705:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1614:
1609:
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1432:
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1243:
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1171:
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1148:
1147:
1141:
1133:
1127:
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1010:
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995:
989:
988:
959:
906:
905:
903:
901:
886:
880:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
847:
348:
341:
334:
136:Colonial history
105:
96:
80:
79:
73:
67:
57:
47:
37:
27:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2836:
2752:
2733:Public holidays
2661:
2635:
2577:
2543:Law enforcement
2469:
2443:Protected areas
2400:
2354:Portuguese rule
2323:
2314:
2284:
2279:
2269:
2188:
2183:
2174:
1893:
1884:Yoruba religion
1852:Mbuti mythology
1807:Isoko mythology
1737:Bantu mythology
1707:
1700:
1689:
1684:
1645:
1638:, 2013 and 2023
1623:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1586:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1560:
1558:www.thearda.com
1552:
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1469:
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1455:
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1439:
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1416:
1409:
1389:Effendi, Shoghi
1386:
1382:
1375:
1352:
1348:
1339:
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888:
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883:
874:
870:
860:
858:
849:
848:
844:
839:
817:
802:societal abuses
798:
792:
780:
743:
737:
697:
691:
670:
668:Islam in Angola
664:
619:
580:of Angola, the
560:of Angola, the
556:of Angola, the
550:Assembly of God
499:
493:
488:
399:
365:in the capital
352:
323:
322:
318:National anthem
303:
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117:
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92:
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2683:Child marriage
2679:
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2614:Communications
2611:
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2589:
2583:
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2579:
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2576:
2575:
2573:Prime Minister
2570:
2568:Vice President
2565:
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2438:Municipalities
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2259:Western Sahara
2256:
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2199:
2196:Canary Islands
2192:
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2018:
2013:
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2003:
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1983:
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1895:
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1871:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1857:Serer religion
1854:
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1839:
1834:
1832:Lozi mythology
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:Efik mythology
1779:
1777:Dogon religion
1774:
1772:Dinka religion
1769:
1764:
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1754:
1749:
1747:Bono mythology
1744:
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1648:José Redinha,
1644:
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1640:
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1633:
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1621:External links
1619:
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1615:
1604:
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1532:. p. 46.
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806:discrimination
794:Main article:
791:
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776:
739:Main article:
736:
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709:Baháʼí pioneer
693:Main article:
690:
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666:Main article:
663:
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507:Roman Catholic
495:Main article:
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427:Congregational
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2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
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2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Guinea-Bissau
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
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1982:
1979:
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1962:
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467:Belgian Congo
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391:secular state
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51:
41:
40:Protestantism
31:
23:
2865:Bibliography
2824:
2766:Architecture
2728:Prostitution
2688:Demographics
2652:Trade unions
2526:Human rights
2501:Constitution
2251:
2238:
2225:
2180:Dependencies
2131:South Africa
2121:Sierra Leone
1926:Burkina Faso
1910:
1762:Christianity
1732:Baháʼí Faith
1649:
1643:Bibliography
1607:
1596:
1585:. Retrieved
1581:
1572:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:
1548:
1524:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1481:. Retrieved
1474:
1465:
1454:. Retrieved
1449:
1436:
1422:Compiled by
1417:
1393:
1383:
1359:
1355:`Abdu'l-Bahá
1349:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1311:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1248:
1166:, retrieved
1161:
1152:
1102:
964:
900:24 September
898:. Retrieved
884:
876:
871:
859:. Retrieved
845:
810:
799:
781:
772:Chabad house
762:, opened in
750:
744:
705:`Abdu'l-Bahá
701:Baháʼí Faith
698:
689:Baháʼí Faith
682:
671:
656:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
605:
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594:
590:
547:
543:
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535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
491:Christianity
476:
455:
451:
435:archdioceses
432:
400:
385:
376:
373:Christianity
371:
313:Coat of arms
216:
48: Other
21:
2599:Agriculture
2531:LGBT rights
2491:Ambassadors
2342:Archaeology
2136:South Sudan
1879:Waaqeffanna
613:in Angola.
588:of Angola.
459:Kimbanguist
381:Catholicism
129:Archaeology
30:Catholicism
2830:Cathedrals
2808:Television
2803:Newspapers
2793:Literature
2636:(currency)
2506:Corruption
2428:Ecoregions
2275:See also:
2266:(Tanzania)
2253:Somaliland
2246:St. Helena
2210:(Portugal)
2185:autonomies
2116:Seychelles
2076:Mozambique
2061:Mauritania
2046:Madagascar
2001:The Gambia
1941:Cape Verde
1797:Irreligion
1587:2017-09-27
1563:2017-09-27
1507:4 December
1483:2020-10-20
1456:2008-05-04
1313:2017-07-21
1168:2013-03-11
837:References
509:church in
446:propaganda
256:Television
231:Literature
2743:Squatting
2713:Languages
2693:Education
2657:Transport
2619:Companies
2563:President
2538:Judiciary
2511:Elections
2455:Provinces
2406:Geography
2396:Conflicts
2376:Civil War
2066:Mauritius
1694:Religions
1502:Lubavitch
443:atheistic
423:Methodist
281:Monuments
203:Languages
183:Conflicts
163:Civil War
50:Christian
2889:Category
2874:Category
2825:Religion
2788:Football
2723:Polygamy
2604:Airports
2548:Military
2479:Politics
2465:Wildlife
2423:Communes
2321:articles
2264:Zanzibar
2235:(France)
2227:Puntland
2216:(France)
2171:Zimbabwe
2146:Tanzania
1991:Ethiopia
1986:Eswatini
1966:Djibouti
1936:Cameroon
1921:Botswana
1787:Hinduism
1752:Buddhism
1444:(1992).
1391:(1971).
1357:(1991).
1304:"Angola"
1266:44357178
1162:Newsroom
1120:44357178
982:44357178
851:"Angola"
815:See also
778:Hinduism
683:de facto
463:kimbanda
411:Leninism
217:Religion
85:a series
83:Part of
2851:Outline
2815:Museums
2783:Cuisine
2758:Culture
2738:Slavery
2671:Society
2647:Tourism
2634:Kwanza
2629:Fishing
2587:Economy
2496:Cabinet
2433:Islands
2329:History
2233:Réunion
2222:(Spain)
2220:Melilla
2214:Mayotte
2208:Madeira
2204:(Spain)
2198:(Spain)
2156:Tunisia
2126:Somalia
2111:Senegal
2091:Nigeria
2081:Namibia
2071:Morocco
2036:Liberia
2031:Lesotho
1981:Eritrea
1956:Comoros
1931:Burundi
1906:Algeria
1817:Judaism
1812:Jainism
760:Hasidim
735:Judaism
419:Baptist
407:Marxism
379:, with
301:Symbols
210:Cuisine
114:History
52:(13.6%)
42:(23.4%)
32:(56.4%)
2771:Cinema
2642:Mining
2624:Health
2460:Rivers
2319:
2317:Angola
2166:Zambia
2161:Uganda
2101:Rwanda
2051:Malawi
2011:Guinea
1911:Angola
1627:Angola
1536:
1479:. 2010
1405:
1371:
1264:
1118:
980:
896:. 2022
861:18 May
857:. 2015
764:Luanda
757:Chabad
753:Jewish
723:. The
717:Luanda
679:Luanda
576:, the
564:, the
552:, the
511:Luanda
486:Faiths
387:Angola
367:Luanda
261:Cinema
196:People
87:on the
72:
66:
62:(4.4%)
58:
56:
46:
38:
36:
28:
26:
2858:Index
2820:Music
2798:Media
2776:Films
2748:Women
2609:Banks
2391:2020s
2386:2010s
2381:2000s
2202:Ceuta
2187:, and
2141:Sudan
2086:Niger
2041:Libya
2026:Kenya
2006:Ghana
1996:Gabon
1971:Egypt
1916:Benin
1802:Islam
768:Rabbi
662:Islam
389:is a
272:Sport
248:Media
238:Music
178:2020s
173:2010s
168:2000s
2516:Flag
2248:(UK)
2151:Togo
2056:Mali
1951:Chad
1534:ISBN
1509:2014
1403:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1290:link
1262:OCLC
1144:link
1116:OCLC
1006:link
978:OCLC
902:2023
863:2020
746:Jews
699:The
599:The
403:MPLA
308:Flag
804:or
715:in
677:of
425:or
224:Art
2891::
1580:.
1556:.
1528:.
1500:.
1473:.
1448:.
1397:.
1306:.
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1486:.
1459:.
1411:.
1377:.
1343:.
1316:.
1292:)
1278:.
1146:)
1132:.
1008:)
994:.
904:.
865:.
409:-
347:e
340:t
333:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
