131:
production and the overall efficiency of the plant. The gas-fired turbine (GT) and the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) technology has been in utilize in many repowering projects over the past 20 years in the United States alone. With increasing environmental regulations of the United States
Government and the lower fuel prices made the usage of GT/HRSG an option in utilizing to renew many old coal heating power plants. This modern gas turbines operate with higher efficiencies and adding a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) raises overall plant efficiency to 40 percent to 50 percent (HHV) above the range of most coal-fired plants, reducing fuel consumption and lowering plant emissions. Siemens Corporation are also using this technology by combining the gas turbine (GT) in conjunction with the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) with the steam turbine (ST) and the combined cycle power plants to produce the most efficient power generation facilities. Existing direct-fired plants can utilize this advanced cycle concept by adding a GT and a HRSG. This so-called repowering scheme makes the existing power generation facility equally efficient as modern combined cycle power plant.
127:, coal-fired power plants are becoming obsolete. As many as three-fourths of coal-fired power plants are being shut down. Short-term options include retiring the plant or quick conversion to direct firing of the boiler with natural gas. Repowering these old coal burning power plants into gas burning boilers. It's estimated that as much as 30 gigawatts (GW) of existing U.S. power generation capacity could be lost through plant closings due to new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations. There could be a saving of 20 percent of the capital cost instead of building brand new power plants founded by EPRI studied.
135:
and gas-turbine (GT) and heat recovery steam generator are added (HRSG). While compared to the full repowering concept, this repowering scheme achieves slightly lower efficiency. Due to the two independent steam sources for the steam turbine, this concept provides a higher fuel flexibility and also greater flexibility in respect to load variations. An example of a repowering project is of Fluor updating the Seward plant. The plant was a 521-MW coal-fired power plant. The plant burns
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115:
of an average modern wind turbine. Although many barriers continue to hinder rapid windâproject repowering, a primary barrier is simply that many existing, aging wind facilities are more profitable, in the near term, in continued operations than they might be if they pursue repowering with new wind turbines. By 2007, California had repowered 365 MW of wind plants, which is only 20% of the potential 1,640 MW wind capacity that could be upgraded.
53:
139:. The project was to take three existing pulverized coal-fired boilers out and install two new Clean Coal Technology CFB boilers with major changes such as installing two Alstom CFB boilers along with an Alstom steam turbine generator. This plant is now the largest waste coal generator in the world with a capacity of 521-MW of capacity. It runs on 11,000 tons of waste coal per day.
114:
California has many aging wind turbines that would be effective to repower, but there seems to be a lack of economic incentive to repower many sites. Many smaller turbines in
California were built in the 1980s with a nameplate capacity of 50-100 kW, which is 10-40x smaller than the nameplate capacity
71:
Repowering a wind farm means replacing older, generally smaller, wind turbines with newer, generally larger, and more efficient designs. New innovations in wind power technology have dramatically increased the power output of new turbines compared with older designs. By repowering old wind turbines
134:
Siemens
Corporation developed two ways in powering these old coal plants. The first one is called a Full Powering and the second is called Parallel Powering. Full Powering is only used with old plants because the boilers has reached the life of its usage. Full powering replaces the original boiler
58:
57:
54:
130:
The configuration of these plants involves replacing the old coal boiler with gas-fired turbine (GT). The gas-fired outputs exhaust heat to a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). From the output of the heat recovery steam generator it is run into a steam turbine which increases electricity
59:
34:
which results in a net increase of power generated. Repowering can happen in several different ways. It can be as small as switching out and replacing a boiler, to as large as replacing the entire system to create a more powerful system entirely. There are many upsides to repowering.
56:
72:
with new upgrades, the increased size and efficiency of the new turbines will increase the amount of energy that can be generated from a given wind farm. In the United States in 2017, 2131 MW of wind plant repowering was completed.
38:
The simple act of refurbishing the old with the new is in itself beneficial alongside the cost reduction for keeping the plant running. With less costs and a higher energy output, the process is excessively beneficial.
110:
installed relative to their total land size have resorted to repowering older turbines in order to increase wind power capacity and generation. The power as well as use of wind farms has grown since the 1990s.
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Use of existing infrastructure (for example, roads, substations), resulting in lower installation costs relative to new âgreenfieldâ wind power projects.
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291:
California Energy
Commission. (2006). Application for certification, Humboldt Bay Repowering Project. San Francisco, Calif.]: CH2M Hill.
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E-141 from the late 2010s, Enercon E-82 from the 2000s and E-40 from the 1990s. The larger the rotor, the slower and smoother it turns.
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Reduced aesthetic concerns to the extent that modern wind projects are deemed more visually appealing, even if they are taller.
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According to a study in
California the potential benefits of repowering wind plants by replacing old turbines are:
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85:âIncreased renewable energy production due to the higher average capacity factors typical of new wind facilities.â
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800:
671:
150:
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91:âUse of newer wind turbine technology that can better support the electrical grid with better power quality.â
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Comparison of three different generations of wind turbines from the same manufacturer. From left to right:
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Avian mortality may be reduced due to the installation of a smaller number of larger wind turbines.
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243:"A Scoping Level Study of the Economics of Wind-Project Repowering Decisions in California"
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Increased local and state tax base, plus positive construction employment opportunities.
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http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-300-2008-004/CEC-300-2008-004.PDF
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269:"Europe Replaces Old Wind Farms: More power from fewer, bigger turbines"
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Jeff Brehm, Electric Power
Research Institute (February 2014).
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Process of replacing older power stations with newer ones
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193:"Repowering Gives New Life to Old Wind Sites"
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26:with newer ones that either have a greater
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123:With new environmental regulation in the
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230:
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213:"2017 Wind Technologies Market Report"
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310:Pennwell Power Site-Power Engineering
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1093:Renewable energy commercialization
22:is the process of replacing older
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267:Fairley, Peter (January 2009).
218:. US Department of Energy. 2017
151:List of energy storage projects
343:
322:
297:
260:
205:
184:
163:
1:
1088:Renewable Energy Certificates
1048:Cost of electricity by source
970:Arc-fault circuit interrupter
846:High-voltage shore connection
156:
119:Coal-fired Power Plant to Gas
47:
1103:Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread
901:Transmission system operator
861:Mains electricity by country
438:Automatic generation control
191:Lawson, James (2013-06-07).
173:. Power Partners. 2009-12-11
106:that have a large number of
7:
1128:List of electricity sectors
1123:Electric energy consumption
841:High-voltage direct current
816:Electric power transmission
806:Electric power distribution
483:Energy return on investment
144:
42:
10:
1183:
1043:Carbon offsets and credits
761:Three-phase electric power
1136:
1111:
1098:Renewable Energy Payments
1021:
958:
920:
774:
711:
622:
587:Fossil fuel power station
577:
570:
559:
430:
1167:Power station technology
881:Single-wire earth return
821:Electrical busbar system
478:Energy demand management
248:. KEMA, Inc. August 2008
1012:Residual-current device
1002:Power system protection
992:Generator interlock kit
796:Distributed generation
468:Electric power quality
68:
1068:Fossil fuel phase-out
836:Electricity retailing
831:Electrical substation
811:Electric power system
306:"Repowering with Gas"
62:
424:Electricity delivery
1033:Availability factor
985:Sulfur hexafluoride
866:Overhead power line
766:Virtual power plant
741:Induction generator
694:Sustainable biofuel
503:Home energy storage
493:Grid energy storage
458:Droop speed control
907:Transmission tower
518:Nameplate capacity
69:
28:nameplate capacity
1154:
1153:
1058:Environmental tax
938:Cascading failure
707:
706:
543:Utility frequency
60:
1174:
1144:
1143:
1053:Energy subsidies
1007:Protective relay
948:Rolling blackout
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533:Power-flow study
473:Electrical fault
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751:Microgeneration
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553:Vehicle-to-grid
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378:. February 2014
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357:. November 2014
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332:. February 2014
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1063:Feed-in tariff
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731:Combined cycle
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24:power stations
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1078:Net metering
1025:and policies
943:Power outage
912:Utility pole
876:Pumped hydro
782:distribution
777:Transmission
726:Cogeneration
537:
528:Power factor
380:. Retrieved
376:"Repowering"
370:
359:. Retrieved
345:
334:. Retrieved
330:"Repowering"
324:
313:. Retrieved
299:
287:
276:. Retrieved
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250:. Retrieved
220:. Retrieved
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196:. Retrieved
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175:. Retrieved
171:"Repowering"
165:
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133:
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97:
74:
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19:
18:
1073:Load factor
928:Black start
896:Transformer
597:Natural gas
548:Variability
523:Peak demand
513:Merit order
443:Backfeeding
1115:production
960:Protective
891:Super grid
886:Smart grid
713:Generation
647:Geothermal
538:Repowering
382:2014-11-13
361:2014-11-13
351:"Projects"
336:2014-11-13
315:2014-11-13
278:2010-10-03
198:2014-11-14
177:2010-10-03
157:References
137:waste coal
48:Wind power
32:efficiency
20:Repowering
1023:Economics
746:Micro CHP
624:Renewable
607:Petroleum
602:Oil shale
488:Grid code
448:Base load
1161:Category
1146:Category
933:Brownout
721:AC power
431:Concepts
252:15 April
222:15 April
145:See also
43:Examples
30:or more
962:devices
672:Thermal
667:Osmotic
662:Current
642:Biomass
632:Biofuel
614:Nuclear
571:Sources
104:Denmark
100:Germany
65:Enercon
657:Marine
637:Biogas
1014:(GFI)
903:(TSO)
689:Solar
677:Tidal
652:Hydro
355:Flour
246:(PDF)
216:(PDF)
780:and
699:Wind
682:Wave
592:Coal
254:2019
224:2019
102:and
1163::
353:.
308:.
271:.
232:^
416:e
409:t
402:v
385:.
364:.
339:.
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201:.
180:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.