779:
Khan Salar lost control over Qaen, Torshiz, Torbat-e
Haidari, and Joveyn. Salar attempted to stop the Qajar force at Joveyn, however he was routed and 200 of his men were killed in the battle. Shortly after this, Sabzevar, which was besieged shortly before the Battle of Joveyn, fell on March 9. Mirza Muhammad Khan was taken prisoner. Qajar forces reportedly committed atrocities during the siege of Sabzevar, which would only further strengthen the resolve of the people of Mashhad to resist government forces. Sultan Murad Mirza then marched on Nishapur and reached the city on March 21. Imamverdi Khan Bayat welcomed Sultan Murad Mirza into Nishapur.
693:, says that Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu convinced Yar Mohammad to march to Mashhad to aid Salar. However, he sent a letter to Hamza Mirza, saying he was there to aid him and would not join the side of Salar. A dispute arose over where the Afghan army would camp and when rumors spread of Hamza Mirza and Yar Mohammad's alliance Salar warned Yar Mohammad that if he tried to link up with the Qajars in the citadel they would use force to stop it. Yar Mohammad then manipulated Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu, claiming
115:
83:
658:. The populace massacred government officials and soldiers (around 700 according to Mojtahed-Zadeh) and besieged Hamza Mirza in the citadel. When Hasan Khan Salar became aware of this, he marched on Mashhad with 2,000 Turkmen. Villages up to 10 farsangs away from Mashhad joined Salar and the population welcomed him and the recently returned Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu. The death of Mohammad Shah Qajar on 4 September only made the situation worse. Hamza Mirza began to run out of supplies.
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827:
March 1850, Mashhad surrendered to the Qajars, ending Hasan Khan Salar's 4 year long revolt. Hasan Khan Salar, his son Amir Aslan Khan, and Salar's brother
Muhammad Ali Khan Qajar Develu were executed on April 29. Mirza Muhammad Khan was executed on May 21. Sultan Murad Mirza was given the title Husam al-Saltana for crushing the rebellion.
428:, and wanted to take over his position. He failed and thus, he began to think of revolting. Asif al-Daula's son, Hasan Khan Salar, began to have ideas of his own and planned to seize Khorasan for himself. Mohammed Yusuf mentions that "Hasan Khan Salar, son of Asif al-Daulah, whose mother was the great-great-grandchild of
758:. Amir Asadollah Khan of Qaen saw that his forces couldn't defend the region from Salar anymore. Instead of facing punishment by the Qajar forces, he fled to Herat. His son Alam Khan was captured for a brief period but later managed to escape to his father in Herat. The reign of Salar over Qaen was cruel and a
770:
under
Imamverdi Khan Bayat had resisted Salar even though he was applying substantial pressure on the city. With the crowning of Nasir al-Din on October 20, Tehran was anxious to resolve the conflict. Sultan Murad Mirza was sent with a force of 7,000 and 4 artillery pieces to reconquer Khorasan. Yar
578:
and intended to take sanctuary at Kalat, sending his son, Amir Aslan Khan, with his wealth there. However, the people of Kalat hated the Shadlu occupation of their territory so they rebelled and refused to let Amir Aslan Khan in. Hamza Mirza arrived in
Buzanjird and appointed Muhammad Ali Khan Maku'i
804:
if he were to unconditionally surrender. However, Hasan Khan Salar refused unconditional surrender and made negotiation impossible. He also had the support of the regional Afshar, Turkmen, and Hazara tribes. As mentioned before, the people of
Mashhad were extremely loyal to Salar due to their hatred
486:
Asif al-Daula managed to convince the Shah to make Hasan Khan Salar the governor of
Khorasan and appoint himself as guardian of Mashhad. However, once the Shah fulfilled these requests, Asif al-Daula began to crush those who gave their allegiance directly to the Shah and ordered the execution of the
826:
approving of his actions. Salar's forces also committed atrocities on the local population. They stole the property of locals, raped women, and sold citizens to the
Turkmen slavers. Two more Qajar armies reached the walls at Mashhad and by this time the people were tired of Salar. On 13 March or 23
713:
in an attempt to expel the rebels. Hamza would winter near
Ghourian from middle-late December 1848 until late February 1849 or late March-early April 1849. On the way there, Jafar Qoli Khan proposed that they release him and in exchange he would help them withdraw. When Jafar Qoli Khan was released
778:
The royal forces were dependent on the
Zafaranlu Kurds for aid, as it was the middle of winter. However, Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu was afraid of the wrath of the state and submitted to the Qajars. He left Khorasan for Tehran on 25 January 1849. Many other khans defected as well. During February Hasan
685:
There are two stories of the events in
Mashhad. The first story is told by Mohamed Yusuf. Yusuf states that the Afghans entered the city and Salar's troops left. The Qajar forces still in the Arg of Mashhad arrayed their forces facing the Afghans. Yar Mohammad then asked the nobles of Herat which
653:
Hamza Mirza had gotten ill and a power vacuum ensued in Mashhad. Mirza Muhammad Khan used this to forge alliances with local leaders and encite the people of Mashhad into revolting against the Qajars. At the same time Qajar troops in Mashhad (in particular the Turkic regiments as well as those of
674:, seemed like a supporter of Hasan Khan Salar from the outside. He had even given Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu protection. Both sides had asked for the support of Yar Mohammad. Eventually Yar Mohammad marched on Mashhad with 2,000 troops or 19,000 infantry and cavalry and 4 artillery pieces. The chief
630:
and Khorasani force led by 'Abd Allah Khan Afshar Sayin Qal'ah. This force routed Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu, causing him to flee to Herat in the hopes of seeking protection under Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai. Hamza Mirza then launched an expedition against the Turkmens of Akhal and Gorgan, reportedly
423:
was physically weakened, and rumors spread that Mohammad Shah was dying. This resulted in the Qajar court dissolving into multiple factions that fought with each other. One faction was led by Allah Yar Khan Asif al-Daula, the uncle of Mohammad Shah and governor of Khorasan. He despised the Grand
603:
with him and offered to give some to the Turkmens. They then marched on Buzanjird with 10,000 cavalry, as Muhammad Ali Khan Maku'i had committed atrocities on the populace and thus the people welcomed Salar. When Hamza Mirza heard of this, he made the Zafaranlu Ilkhani governor of Buzanjird and
454:
Around this time the Tekke Turkmen began to raid around Mashhad with the support of the Jalayer tribe governing Kalat-e Naderi, which had remained independent since the beginning of Qajar rule over Khorasan. Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu, the chieftain of the Shadlu Kurds, also assisted in raiding the
639:
due to the urging of Mir Sa'd Allah Fandarasaki. Shortly after this Hasan Khan Salar marched on Mashhad with 8,000 men, but was routed at Kal Yaquti, a suburb of Mashhad. Salar was then further defeated at Qarabaqa'ah (5 farsangs from Mashhad) and the Turkmen of Sarakhs defected.
401:. This ended the first part of the rebellion. However, with the death of Mohammad Shah Qajar on 4 September 1848, Salar was able to capture Mashhad with the support of the population and then extended his control over most of Khorasan. With the ascension of
821:
to confiscate the ornaments to pay for his troops. So in October 1849 he did so, and 22,000 toman fell into his hands. This action made him increasingly unpopular within the city. He also put the ulema of Mashhad in prison because they had not issued a
686:
side to choose. One of them made a speech suggesting the Afghans side with the government and fire on Salar's troops. Yar Mohammad was convinced by this and began to jointly attack the Afghans with the help of Hamza Mirza's forces in the citadel.
405:
on 20 October, more attention was focused on crushing this revolt. After taking over several cities in the spring of 1849, government forces besieged Mashhad, resulting in its collapse in spring of 1850. Salar was executed shortly after.
621:
In the winter of 1847-1848 Salar left the Turkmens (supposedly due to internal conflicts between the Tuqutmash and Utmash) and fled to the ra'is of Sarakhs, Arad/Araz/Uraz Khan Toqtamish Sarakhsi. Jafar Qoli Khan then laid an ambush in
608:
and encamped there for 40 days. On 13 December 1847 Jafar Qoli Khan tried to raid Hamza Mirza's camp at Maneh, but the raid was unsuccessful. The only gain from the battle was the capture of Lutf 'Ali Khan Bighayri, the commander of
482:
as a base. He formed a marriage alliance with Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu. Asif al-Daula initially supported his son but changed his mind in 1847 when Salar began to take money from Asif's treasury in order to pay for troops.
697:
Jafar Qoli Khan consented and although the people of Mashhad attempted to stop Hamza Mirza and Yar Mohammad from linking up they ultimately failed in this attempt. Yar Mohammad was able to take Jafar Qoli Khan prisoner.
469:
with the support of Mohammad Yusuf bin Malik Qasim Mirza and Shah Pasand Khan of Lash and Joveyn. However, Aghasi refused to authorize the plan, thinking it as an attempt for Asif al-Daula to gain more power.
561:
Ibrahim Khalil Khan was to face Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu and he would retreat to Bastam if he failed. Ibrahim ended up beating Jafar in several battles, forcing them to retreat. Shortly after Salar arrived at
552:
and took this place as well. Ibrahim Khalil Khan was sent with 6,000 men from Tehran to Khorasan to suppress the rebellion. On 22 August 1847 he arrived at Bastam and consulted with the governor of Bastam.
1152:"A partial translation of "'Ayn al-Vaqayi'" (Wellspring of Events): The third of twelve works in "Bahr al-Fava'id: Kuliyat-i Riyazi" (Unlimited Benefits: The Complete Works of Riyazi) of Muhammad Yusuf"
805:
of the government. Reportedly, even beggars would arm themselves during the siege to defend the city from government forces. Sultan Murad Mirza sent Nawab Mu'azzam Sulayman Khan Darah Khabri to capture
583:
was reincorporated into government control shortly after this, but Noelle-Karimi suggests that it's more likely the Khozeimeh Amirdom managed to stay free from Salar until his resurgence in late 1848.
570:
with 4 regiments and 10 artillery and marched to aid Ibrahim Khalil Khan. 12,000 Khurasani cavalry made a surprise attack on Muhammad Ali Khan's camp but they were routed and fled to Salar's camp at
458:
Kalat-e Naderi was finally conquered by Hasan Khan Salar in the first half of 1846. This benefited Asif al-Daula but not the shah, because he had become a threat to Qajar rule in Khorasan and
722:
because the commander, Bahadur Khan, had captured several of Yar Mohammad Khan's men on his march to Mashhad. On 15 November 1848 he surrendered and agreed to supply the retreating army.
604:
marched there along with Muhammad Vali Khan Qajaq Na'ib. Salar and his allies fled and Hamza Mirza hoped the snow would stop their escape so he could crush them. Hamza Mirza then went to
809:
while he marched toward Mashhad and besieged it in June. 10,000 of Salar's forces marched out to do battle with them but were heavily defeated and retreated back into the city.
701:
However the allies suffered a drawback a few days later with 700 killed and 300 wounded, and it became clear their situation in the city was unmaintainable. Hamza Mirza and
462:
planned to send troops there to strengthen the shah's authority there. Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu, however, still refused to submit to the Shah and present himself at Tehran.
792:
The royal court sent Charagh 'Ali Khan Zanganeh to Mashhad to negotiate with Hasan Khan Salar. Reportedly, Zanganeh offered Salar 95,000 tuman and the governorship of
654:
Hamadan) had harmed the local population and became increasingly unpopular within the city. The city finally exploded on 25 August 1848 with the support of the local
714:
but didn't fulfill his promise, Hamza Mirza and Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai destroyed the fortifications of Mashhad and disabled the artillery. When they reached
518:, and two artillery pieces) with Mirza Muhammad Khan as an escort. Mirza Muhammad Khan then defected to Salar and joined him in rebelling against the Shah.
599:
with Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu. The chief of the Toqtamish Turkmens there, Qara Ughlan An Baygi, agreed to support him since he had brought 40,000
381:
The first half of his revolt started in 1846 and was initially very successful, gaining the support of rebellious Turkmen tribes and the
817:
Hasan Khan Salar's forces suffered defeat after defeat. His soldiers had no money and so he had an idea and decided to sack the
579:
to govern the district. He then marched to Mashhad with Ibrahim Khalil Khan and arrived there in October. According to Hidayat,
574:. At this point Salar knew he was defeated and when the Qajar soldiers tore his forces to shreds he and his supporters fled to
1446:
1399:
1366:
1316:
981:
865:
771:
Mohammad sent 1,000 troops under Jabbar Khan Alakozai to aid Murad Mirza. As a result he gained the favour of the shah and
1441:
540:
and occupied it. When the news reached Asif al-Daula, he feared for his reputation and fled to go on pilgrimage in
455:
vicinity of Mashhad. Asif al-Daula sent some retaliatory raids but they didn't do anything to discourage the khan.
775:
gave the Heratis 4 cannons in recognition of their help. Yar Mohammad also received the title of Zahir-al Daula.
927:
889:
848:
1436:
695:"I must first go to the citadel and take possession of it. Only then can I enter the city with an easy mind.”
1431:
858:
730:
With the departure of Hamza Mirza, Hasan Khan Salar was able to drastically extend his power. He conquered
1023:
The Afghan-Iranian conflict over Herat Province and European intervention, 1796-1863: a reinterpretation
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withdrew to Herat. Some surviving soldiers managed to escape to Tehran. Yar Mohammad Khan also occupied
1151:
1021:
702:
690:
671:
610:
566:
with 24-25,000 men and sent 1,000 cavalry to aid Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu. Muhammad Qoli Khan arrived at
466:
196:
1053:
937:
1205:
Volodarsky, Mikhail (April 1985). "Persia's foreign policy between the two Herat crises, 1831–56".
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Salar began to think of forming a tribal army to conquer Khorasan and expelling the Qajars, using
875:
772:
747:
719:
402:
942:
1349:
McChesney, R.D.; Khorrami, M.M., eds. (2013). "Ranjit Singh Seizes Peshawar and Its Environs".
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of Mashhad tried to discourage Hamza Mirza from asking for Afghan assistance because they were
667:
1184:
Evolution of Eastern Iranian boundaries: Role of the Khozeimeh Amirdom of Qaenat and Sistan
1058:
906:
901:
Evolution of Eastern Iranian boundaries: Role of the Khozeimeh Amirdom of Qaenat and Sistan
895:
666:
Fortunately for Hamza Mirza, he was soon to be rescued from his predicament. The ruler of
8:
1426:
1421:
1358:
880:
The History of Afghanistan (6 vol. set): Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah's Sirāj al-tawārīkh.
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but although it was a Shadlu stronghold the people sided against Salar so he fled to
382:
363:
192:
139:
119:
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91:
44:
40:
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425:
371:
351:
262:
210:
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247:
856:
The Pearl In It's Midst: Herat and the mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th centuries).
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797:
163:
48:
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The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896
917:
The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896
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The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries)
1309:
The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries)
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537:
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1415:
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In the late summer of 1846 Asif al-Daula planned to invade Herat and depose
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from 1846 to 1850. It began as a result of the power struggle in the
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every day and taking 300 Turkmen prisoners. They were resettled in
632:
549:
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99:
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because he continued to preach Asadollah Khan during his sermons.
743:
735:
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592:
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436:, got the idea of revolting, and chanted this verse repeatedly:
759:
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who had long hated Qajar rule. However, Salar was defeated at
823:
661:
655:
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This was the last straw, and Asif was ordered to set out for
370:
court. One of the factions manifested itself in Khorasan by
580:
782:
324:
37,000 (first phase) 2,000 (during the march on Mashhad)
1311:. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 227–230.
536:
Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu and Hasan Khan Salar marched on
510:, Sulayman Khan, sent a 600-man force (composed of 500
838:
A History of Afghanistan, from 1793 A.D., to 1865 A.D.
725:
1394:. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. p. 191.
502:with him. Mirza Muhammad Khan was sent to rule in
440:I am ashamed of this kind of life; That I be Salar
1348:
449:
1413:
643:
393:in August 1847 and was forced to flee first to
1181:
526:
1389:
1306:
556:
150:Sam Khan Ilkhani b. Reza Qoli Khan Zaʿfaranlu
762:who was friendly towards Asadollah Khan was
649:Mashhad Rebellion and Death of Mohammad Shah
1204:
787:
662:Intervention of Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai
356:
183:'Abbas Qoli Khan bin Ibrahim Khan Badkubah
1019:
177:Nawab Mu'azzam Sulayman Khan Darah Khabri
783:Siege of Mashhad and Execution of Salar
682:, but Hamza Mirza refused his request.
613:. He was sent to Akhal after the raid.
164:
1414:
1015:
1013:
971:
147:Sultan Murad Mirza b. Na'ib al-Saltana
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326:≥10,000 (during the siege of Mashhad)
237:Muhammad 'Ali Khan Qajar Develu
144:Nawab Hamza Mirza-yi Hishmah al-Daula
1359:10.1163/9789004256064_hao_COM_000134
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374:. Salar's revolt sought to promote
355:
13:
990:
976:. I. B. Tauris. pp. 114–115.
812:
726:Qajar Counterattack and Defections
586:
506:as a replacement. The governor of
277:Uraz Khan Toqtamish Sarakhsi
14:
1458:
1390:Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014).
1325:
1307:Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014).
1233:
1158:
1073:
1042:
956:
854:Noelle-Karimi, Christine. (2014)
626:, causing Hamza Mirza to send an
498:, which he did, and took 400,000
414:
294:
286:
278:
254:
246:
238:
230:
222:
214:
113:
97:Forces Loyal to Hasan Khan Salar
81:
63:Khorasan is reincorporated into
1182:Mojtahed-Zadeh, Pirouz (1993).
491:district, Mohammad Hasan Khan.
318:Herat: 19,000 infantry+cavalry
293:Abbas Qoli Khan Darragazi
261:Muhammad Baqir Khan Marvi
162:Lutf 'Ali Khan Bighayri (
1383:
1198:
544:. He later went into exile in
450:Volatile Situation in Khorasan
362:was a revolt that occurred in
159:Muhammad Vali Khan Qajaq Na'ib
1:
1054:"AMĪR KABĪR, MĪRZĀ TAQĪ KHAN"
949:
409:
312:Qajars: ≥6,000 (first phase)
1447:History of Golestan province
1020:Champagne, David C. (1981).
868:pg. 191 and pp. 227–230
859:Austrian Academy of Sciences
644:Second Phase of the Conflict
245:Jafar Qoli Khan Shadlu
7:
939:AMĪR KABĪR, MĪRZĀ TAQĪ KHAN
527:First Phase of the Conflict
473:
10:
1463:
1442:History of Semnan province
830:
672:Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai
557:Defeat and Flight of Salar
347:Revolt of Hasan Khan Salar
253:Karimdad Khan Hazara
197:Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai
19:Revolt of Hasan Khan Salar
1219:10.1080/00263208508700620
689:The other story, told by
330:
305:
229:Mirza Muhammad Khan
125:
111:
74:
23:
18:
876:Khorrami, Mohammad Mehdi
548:. Salar then marched to
378:and his claim to power.
174:Asadullah Khan Khozeimeh
153:Muhammad Ali Khan Maku'i
836:Yusuf, Mohamed. (1988)
788:Attempt at Negotiations
444:, and act like a slave.
403:Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
1351:History of Afghanistan
1207:Middle Eastern Studies
1192:10.25501/SOAS.00029156
972:Amanat, Abbas (2007).
896:Mojtahed-Zadeh, Pirouz
521:
419:After September 1845,
189:Hasan 'Ali Khan Sartib
126:Commanders and leaders
1052:Algar, Hamid (1989).
331:Casualties and losses
315:8,000 (second phase)
221:Amir Aslan Khan
1437:19th century in Iran
1353:. pp. 207–209.
1059:Encyclopedia Iranica
943:Encyclopædia Iranica
907:University of London
274:Qushid Khan Sarakhsi
271:Qara Ughlan An Baygi
201:Jabbar Khan Alakozai
171:Imamverdi Khan Bayat
1432:History of Khorasan
841:New York University
591:Salar then fled to
421:Mohammad Shah Qajar
186:'Ali Khan Qaragozlu
135:Mohammad Shah Qajar
1154:. pp. 97–148.
617:Fleeing to Sarakhs
460:Hajji Mirza Aghasi
446:-Hasan Khan Salar
426:Hajji Mirza Aghasi
397:and then later to
357:شورش حسن خان سالار
320:4 artillery pieces
285:Bahadur Khan
156:Muhammad Qoli Khan
92:Za'faranlu Kurdish
31:1846-23 March 1850
1401:978-3-7001-7202-4
1368:978-90-04-23491-8
1318:978-3-7001-7202-4
983:978-1-84511-068-0
905:PhD thesis. SOAS
872:McChesney, Robert
866:978-3-7001-7202-4
532:Initial Successes
467:Yar Mohammad Khan
343:
342:
140:Nasir al-Din Shah
120:Herat (late 1848)
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69:
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930:pp. 114–115
892:pp. 207–209
819:Imam Reza Shrine
764:blown from a gun
756:Torbat-e Haidari
718:, they besieged
487:governor of the
372:Hasan Khan Salar
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211:Hasan Khan Salar
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851:pp. 98–148
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813:Fall of Mashhad
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619:
589:
587:Renewed Attacks
559:
534:
529:
524:
476:
452:
417:
412:
301:
263:
204:
114:
112:
103:
98:
90:
82:
80:
55:
12:
11:
5:
1460:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1382:
1367:
1324:
1317:
1232:
1213:(2): 111–151.
1197:
1157:
1072:
1041:
989:
982:
954:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
931:
910:
893:
869:
852:
832:
829:
814:
811:
789:
786:
784:
781:
727:
724:
663:
660:
650:
647:
645:
642:
618:
615:
588:
585:
558:
555:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
475:
472:
451:
448:
434:Fath 'Ali Shah
416:
413:
411:
408:
341:
340:
337:
333:
332:
328:
327:
321:
308:
307:
303:
302:
300:
299:
291:
283:
275:
272:
269:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
207:
205:
203:
202:
199:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
137:
131:
128:
127:
123:
122:
109:
108:
105:Shadlu Kurdish
95:
77:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
61:
57:
56:
49:Shahrud-Bastam
39:
37:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1459:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
985:
979:
975:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
955:
944:
941:
940:
935:
932:
929:
925:
922:
918:
914:
913:Amanat, Abbas
911:
908:
904:
902:
897:
894:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
873:
870:
867:
863:
860:
857:
853:
850:
846:
842:
839:
835:
834:
828:
825:
820:
810:
808:
803:
799:
795:
780:
776:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
723:
721:
717:
712:
708:
704:
699:
696:
692:
691:Fayz Muhammad
687:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
659:
657:
641:
638:
634:
631:advancing 17
629:
625:
614:
612:
607:
602:
598:
594:
584:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
554:
551:
547:
543:
539:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
484:
481:
471:
468:
463:
461:
456:
447:
445:
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:
422:
415:Court Rivalry
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
353:
348:
338:
335:
334:
329:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
309:
304:
297:
292:
289:
284:
281:
276:
273:
270:
268:
266:
260:
257:
252:
249:
244:
241:
236:
233:
228:
225:
220:
217:
212:
209:
208:
206:
200:
198:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
130:
129:
124:
121:
110:
106:
101:
96:
93:
89:
79:
78:
73:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
35:
34:
30:
27:
26:
22:
17:
1391:
1385:
1350:
1308:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1183:
1063:. Retrieved
1057:
1022:
973:
938:
934:Algar, Hamid
916:
899:
879:
855:
837:
816:
791:
777:
773:Nasir al-Din
729:
720:Fariman fort
703:Yar Mohammad
700:
694:
688:
684:
665:
652:
620:
590:
560:
535:
493:
485:
477:
464:
457:
453:
443:
439:
438:
418:
383:Shadlu Kurds
380:
376:Bahman Mirza
349:
346:
344:
323:
317:
314:
311:
264:
75:Belligerents
180:Samsan Khan
51:provinces,
1427:Qajar Iran
1422:Rebellions
1416:Categories
1186:(Thesis).
1036:1158653514
1026:(Thesis).
950:References
928:1845110684
921:I.B.Tauris
890:9004234985
849:1466222417
611:Qaleh Khan
410:Background
88:Qajar Iran
53:Qajar Iran
1377:824734225
898:. (1993)
878:. (2012)
744:Buzanjird
593:Buzanjird
107:tribesmen
102:tribesmen
94:tribesmen
45:Astarabad
1032:11054477
936:(1989).
915:(2005).
768:Nishapur
752:Esfarayn
732:Sabzevar
676:Mujtahid
637:Samalqan
633:farsangs
550:Sabzevar
512:riflemen
474:Planning
442:(leader)
424:Vizier,
364:Khorasan
306:Strength
41:Khorasan
36:Location
1227:4283057
1065:19 July
831:Sources
794:Hamadan
736:Torshiz
568:Damghan
564:Mazinan
546:Karbala
516:cavalry
504:Mashhad
399:Serakhs
387:Mayamey
352:Persian
339:Unknown
336:Unknown
265:†
100:Turkmen
1398:
1375:
1365:
1315:
1225:
1030:
980:
926:
888:
864:
847:
802:Qazvin
800:, and
798:Zanjan
760:mullah
754:, and
740:Joveyn
680:Sunnis
628:Afshar
624:Gorgan
576:Joveyn
514:, 100
508:Bastam
496:Tehran
489:Nardin
430:Khaqan
391:Bistam
213:
60:Result
47:, and
1223:JSTOR
883:BRILL
824:fatwa
807:Kalat
668:Herat
656:ulema
606:Maneh
601:toman
597:Akhal
572:Miami
542:Mecca
538:Kalat
500:tuman
480:Kalat
395:Akhal
389:near
368:Qajar
193:Herat
1396:ISBN
1373:OCLC
1363:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1067:2021
1028:OCLC
978:ISBN
924:ISBN
886:ISBN
862:ISBN
845:ISBN
748:Qaen
711:Khaf
709:and
581:Qaen
345:The
65:Iran
28:Date
1355:doi
1215:doi
1188:doi
716:Jam
707:Jam
522:War
165:POW
1418::
1371:.
1361:.
1327:^
1235:^
1221:.
1211:21
1209:.
1160:^
1075:^
1056:.
1044:^
1034:,
992:^
958:^
919:.
874:;
843:,
796:,
750:,
746:,
742:,
738:,
734:,
670:,
432:,
354::
195::
43:,
1404:.
1379:.
1357::
1321:.
1229:.
1217::
1194:.
1190::
1069:.
1038:.
986:.
945:.
909:.
903:.
360:)
350:(
168:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
