Greek War of Independence

4474: 5228: 4145: 5085: 4030: 3365:—being the only available major military force on the side of the Greeks—played such a crucial role in the Greek revolution that he referred to them as the "yeast of liberty". Contrary to conventional Greek history, many of the klephts and armatoles participated at the Greek War of Independence according to their own militaristic patron-client terms. They saw the war as an economic and political opportunity to expand their areas of operation. Balkan bandits such as the klephts and armatoles glorified in nationalist historiography as national heroes—were actually driven by economic interests, were not aware of national projects, made alliances with the Ottomans and robbed Christians as much as Muslims. Nevertheless, they seldom robbed common folk, from whose ranks they came, and more often raided Turks, with whom they were separated by religion, nationality, and social class. They enjoyed the support of the generally oppressed common folk, as they were in opposition to established authority. A vast oral tradition of folk poetry attests to the sympathy they evoked and their reputation for patriotism. Some famous armatoles leaders were 3434: 6065:

Metternich, who was consistently the most pro-Ottoman and anti-Greek European statesmen. Metternich dismissively wrote, "If the Irish were to revolt against the British Crown, and the King of France were to offer to mediate," leading him to ask: "Is England then ready to regard as a Power equal to rights to that of the King the first Irish Club which declares itself the Insurgent Government of Ireland? To regard as justified the French Power which would accept the office of mediator, by reason of the sole fact that the invitation had been addressed to it by the Irish Government?...Whither does this absurdity not lead us?". Prussia, whose king Frederich Wilhelm was close to Metternich, chose to follow the Austrian lead. Before he met with Wellington, the Tsar had already sent an ultimatum to the Porte, demanding that the principalities be evacuated immediately, and that plenipotentiaries be sent to Russia to settle outstanding issues. The Sultan agreed to send the plenipotentiaries, and on 7 October 1826 signed the

5888:. The British historian George Finlay wrote: "Church was of a small, well-made, active frame, and of a healthy constitution. His manner was agreeable and easy, with the polish of a great social experience, and the goodness of his disposition was admitted by his enemies, but the strength of his mind was not the quality of which his friends boasted...Both Church and the Greeks misunderstood one another. The Greeks expected Church to prove a Wellington, with a military chest well supplied from the British treasury. Church expected the irregulars of Greece to execute his strategy like regiments of guards". Church landed in Greece in March 1827, and was welcomed by his old friend Kolokotronis. A week later, Lord Cochrane arrived to take command of the Greek Navy and refused to leave his yacht until the Greeks agreed to form a united government. On 31 March 1827 the Trizina Assembly began its work, drafting a new constitution and offered the presidency of Greece to the former Russian foreign minister, Count 5892:. In the meantime, the siege of Athens continued. On 5 February 1827, a force of 2,300 Greeks under the command of Colonel Thomas Gordon landed at Piraeus, and laid siege to the monastery of Ayios Spiridhon, held by Turkish and Albanian troops. In April 1827, Church and Cochrane arrived at Athens and immediately clashed over strategy. When the Ottoman garrison at Ayios Spiridhon surrendered, they were promised safe conduct, but as they were marching out, a shot went off and most of the Ottoman soldiers were killed. Cochrane insisted on a bold but risky plan to stage a night attack across the open plains to break the siege. An operation which launched on 5 May 1827 ended in disaster, as the Greek forces got lost and scattered as the captains quarrelled with one another. This led to a devastating Ottoman cavalry charge in the morning, with Ottomans hunting the scattered Greek forces almost at leisure. On 5 June 1827, the Acropolis surrendered in the last Ottoman victory of the war. 1733: 5739:, an attempt to destroy the Egyptian fleet that failed due to a sudden change of the wind. The British traveller and Church of England minister, Reverend Charles Swan, reported Ibrahim Pasha as saying to him that he "would burn and destroy the whole Morea". Popular opinion in both Greece and the rest of Europe, soon credited Ibrahim Pasha with the so-called "barbarisation project", where it was alleged that Ibrahim planned to deport the entire Christian Greek population to Egypt as slaves and replace them with Egyptian peasants. It is not clear even today if the "barbarisation project" was a real plan or not, but the possibility that it was created strong demands for humanitarian intervention in Europe. The Porte and Mohammed Ali both denied having plans for the "barbarisation project", but pointedly refused to put their denials into writing. Russia warned that if the "barbarisation project" was a real plan, then such an egregious violation of the 6227: 4539:. He apologized for being unable to support the Revolution in Greece financially, though he hoped he might be able to in the future. But he articulated his moral and political support for the revolution, notably by filling his letter with references to classical Greek history, demonstrating a detailed knowledge of this history and powerfully evoking the contemporary revolutionaries as the rightful heirs of their ancestors. Some historians claim that Boyer also sent to the Greeks 25 tons of Haitian coffee that could be sold and the proceeds used to purchase weapons, but not enough evidence exists to support this or the other claim that one hundred Haitian volunteers set off to fight in the Greek Revolution. Allegedly, their ship was boarded by pirates somewhere in the Mediterranean and these fighters purportedly never reached their destination. 5812:, serving as a doctor with the Greeks, wrote back to America: "I write you with an almost breaking heart. Missolonghi has fallen!", which he called "damning proof of the selfish indifference of the Christian world. You may talk to me of national policy and the necessity of neutrality, but I say, a curse upon such a policy!". The news of Missolonghi's fall had a huge impact on the rest of Europe, sparking a vast outpouring of songs, poems, essays, sermons and plays in Britain, France, Germany and Switzerland, with the recurring image of Missolonghi's fall being the murder of a sweet and innocent young Greek woman at the hands of the Turks as a symbol of the unwillingness of the Christian powers of the world to do anything for the Greeks. In May 1826, Hastings arrived in Greece with a British-built steamship, the 4423: 2298: 5370:, and in March 1823 a huge fire at the Tophana military arsenal in Constantinople destroyed much of the Ottoman state's supplies of ammunition and its main cannon foundry. Short of men and money, the Ottoman state turned to hiring Albanian tribesmen to fight the Greeks, and by 1823, the bulk of the Ottoman forces in Greece were Albanian mercenaries hired for a campaigning season rather than the Ottoman Army. The Albanian tribesmen, whose style of war was very similar to the Greeks, fought only for money and were liable to go home when not paid or able to plunder in lieu of pay. The Greek military leaders preferred battlefields where they could annihilate the numerical superiority of the opponent, and, at the same time, the lack of artillery hampered Ottoman military efforts. 5461:

lobby the city for a loan. British philhellene Edward Blaquiere issued a report in September 1823 which grossly exaggerated Greece's economic prosperity and claimed that once independent, Greece would easily become "one of the most opulent nations of Europe". Blaquiere further assisted the campaign by publishing two books in 1824, in which he claimed: "I should have no hesitation whatever in estimating the physical strength of regenerated Greece to be fully equal to the whole South American continent", concluding there was "no part of the world...with a more productive soil or happier climate than Greece...Of all the countries or governments who have borrowed money in London within the last ten years...Greece possesses the surest and most ample means of re-payment".

4296: 5196:. The Albanian-speaking seamen of Hydra and Spetses provided the core of the Greek fleet and leading members of the Greek government, among them a one wartime president. They in some cases used Albanian with each other to prevent others on their side from reading their correspondence. Each island equipped, manned and maintained its own squadron, under its own admiral. Although they were manned by experienced crews, the Greek ships were not designed for warfare, being armed merchantmen equipped with only light guns. Against them stood the Ottoman fleet, which enjoyed several advantages: its ships and supporting craft were built for war; it was supported by the resources of the vast Ottoman Empire; command was centralized and disciplined under the 5445: 4231:, where many Muslims had fled with their families at the beginning of the uprising. All these were loosely besieged by local irregular forces under their own captains, since the Greeks lacked artillery. With the exception of Tripolitsa, all cities had access to the sea and could be resupplied and reinforced by the Ottoman fleet. Since May, Kolokotronis organized the siege of Tripolitsa, and, in the meantime, Greek forces twice defeated the Turks, who unsuccessfully tried to repulse the besiegers. Finally, Tripolitsa was seized by the Greeks on 23 September , and the city was given over to the mob for two days. After lengthy negotiations, the Turkish forces surrendered Acrocorinth on 14 January 1822. 19845: 6129: 562: 1022: 1010: 1182: 1170: 1158: 1146: 1126: 1114: 1096: 1084: 1064: 1052: 509: 437: 4976:, Karatasos and Gatsos organized the city's defense, and the first clashes resulted in a victory for the Greeks. Mehmed Emin then appeared before the town with 10,000 regular troops and 10,600 irregulars. Failing to get the insurgents to surrender, Mehmed Emin launched a number of attacks pushing them further back and finally captured Naousa in April, helped by the enemies of Zafeirakis, who had revealed an unguarded spot, the "Alonia". Reprisals and executions ensued, and women are reported to have flung themselves over the Arapitsa waterfall to avoid dishonor and being sold in slavery. Those who broke through the siege of Naousa fell back in 5381:. The Ottoman sailors and soldiers promptly went on a rampage, killing and raping without mercy, as one contemporary recalled: "Mercy was out of the question, the victors butchering indiscriminately all who came in their way; shrieks rent the air, and the streets were strewn with the dead bodies of old men, women, and children; even the inmates of the hospital, the madhouse and deaf and dumb institution, were inhumanely slaughtered". Before Kara Ali's fleet had arrived, Chios had between 100,000 and 120,000 Greeks living there, of which some 25,000 were killed in the massacre, with another 45,000 (mostly women and children) sold into slavery. 6408: 6754: 6172:, Ibrahim sent a detachment of his fleet out of Navarino in order to defeat Hastings. Codrington had not heard of Hastings's actions and thought that Ibrahim was breaking his agreement. Codrington intercepted the force and made them retreat and did so again on the following day when Ibrahim led the fleet in person. Codrington assembled his fleet once more, with the British returning from Malta and the French from the Aegean. They were also joined by the Russian contingent led by Count Login Geiden. Ibrahim now began a campaign to annihilate the Greeks of the Peloponnese as he thought the Allies had reneged on their agreement. 6780: 409: 6648: 4305: 3974: 5385: 6799: 6888: 3901:

forefathers towards them, desire the liberation of Greece. We, seemingly worthy of ancestral virtue and of the present century, are hopeful that we will achieve their defense and help. Many of these freedom-lovers want to come and fight alongside us ... Who then hinders your manly arms? Our cowardly enemy is sick and weak. Our generals are experienced, and all our fellow countrymen are full of enthusiasm. Unite, then, O brave and magnanimous Greeks! Let national phalanxes be formed, let patriotic legions appear and you will see those old giants of despotism fall themselves, before our triumphant banners.

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Montpellier School of Medicine and spent the remainder of his life in Paris. He would often have political and philosophical debates with Thomas Jefferson. While in Paris he was a witness to the French Revolution and saw the democracy that came out of it. He spent a lot of his time convincing wealthy Greeks to build schools and libraries to further the education of Greeks. He believed that a furthering in education would be necessary for the general welfare and prosperity of the people of Greece, as well as the country. Korais' ultimate goal was a democratic Greece much like the Golden Age of Pericles.

5659: 492: 4768: 393: 6977: 5346: 6765: 325: 616: 966: 954: 936: 916: 896: 884: 872: 854: 836: 824: 812: 792: 780: 760: 724: 712: 694: 682: 670: 658: 646: 634: 368: 5055: 6333: 6903: 5756:. The city was saved by Makriyannis and Dimitrios Ypsilantis who successfully defended Miloi at the outskirts of Nafplion, making the mills outside the town a fortress causing damage to Ibrahim's far superior forces who were unable to take the position and eventually left for Tripolitsa. Makriyannis was wounded and was taken aboard by Europeans who were overseeing the battle. Among them was De Rigny, who had an argument with Makriyannis and advised him to quit his weak position but Makriyannis ignored him. Commodore Gawen Hamilton of the 3565: 1226: 1214: 1202: 303: 291: 253: 1034: 4554: 19386: 5985: 6547: 5150: 344: 279: 1254: 532: 5764: 5698:

city was to be managed by a Board of Control in London, consisting of the banker Samson Ricardo, two MPs, Edward Ellice and Sir Francis Burdett and John Cam Hobhouse of the London Greek Committee, who were to use the money to buy warships and other supplies, which would then be handed over to the Greeks. After the Greek government had wasted most of the money from the first loan, the City did not trust them to spend the money from the second loan wisely. The Board of Control used the money to hire the naval hero,

591: 4375: 6843: 547: 6858: 4136:, and in his account of the speech by Germanos in his book, Pouqueville has the Metropolitan express Anglophobic sentiments similar to those commonly expressed in France, and has him praise France as Greece's one true friend in the world, which led Brewer to conclude that Pouqueville had made the entire story up. However, a study on the archive of Hugues Pouqueville (François Pouqueville's brother) claims that François' account was accurate, without making any reference to the purported Anglophobia or 6199:

ended in a complete victory for the Allies and in the annihilation of the Egyptian-Turkish fleet. Of the 89 Egyptian-Turkish ships that took part in the battle, only 14 made it back to Alexandria and their dead amounted to over 8,000. The Allies did not lose a ship and suffered only 181 deaths. The Porte demanded compensation from the Allies for the ships, but his demand was refused on the grounds that the Turks had acted as the aggressors. The three countries' ambassadors also left Constantinople.

478: 5852: 6827: 4042: 452: 5719:(peasant) conscripts, many of them blind in one eye owing to the prevalence of parasitic worms that attacked the eye in the Nile, wearing cheap red uniforms comprising a jacket, trousers and a skull-cap. However, the Greeks soon learned that the Egyptians, who were trained by French officers recruited by Mohammed Ali, were tough and hardy soldiers who, unlike the Turkish and Albanian units that the Greeks had been fighting until then, stood their ground in combat. Ibrahim proceeded to 577: 6811: 54: 864: 752: 315: 267: 227: 215: 194: 743: 6915: 5994: 5520: 2883: 3854: 19788: 19230: 239: 4287:

from necessity or hardihood have ventured down upon the plains. After capturing some, they would give the poor creatures a certain distance to start ahead, hoping to escape, and then try the speed of their horses in overtaking them, the accuracy of their pistols in firing at them as they ran, or the keenness of their sabres' edge in cutting off their heads". Those not cut down or shot down during the "Greek hunts" were impaled afterwards when captured.

4095: 19798: 19240: 5648: 4507:, was active in championing the Greek cause in the United States and in November 1821 published an appeal from Adamantios Korais reading "To the Citizens of the United States, it is your land that Liberty has fixed her abode, so you will not assuredly imitate the culpable indifference or rather the long ingratitude of the Europeans", going on to call for American intervention, in several American newspapers. In 1821, the Greek committee in 12448: 6395:, the Porte finally agreed on the terms of the Treaty of London of 6 July 1827 and of the Protocol of 22 March 1829. Soon afterward, Britain and France conceived the idea of an independent Greek state, trying to limit the influence of Russia on the new state. Russia disliked the idea but could not reject it, and consequently the three powers finally agreed to create an independent Greek state under their joint protection, concluding the 4406:(modern İzmir, Turkey), which until 1922 was a mostly Greek city, Ottoman soldiers drawn from the interior of Anatolia on their way to fight in either Greece or Moldavia/Wallachia, staged a pogrom in June 1821 against the Greeks, leading Gordon to write: "3,000 ruffians assailed the Greek quarter, plundered the houses and slaughtered the people; Smyrna resembled a place taken by assault, neither age or sex being respected". When a local 6873: 5002: 4240: 2148: 4706: 5511: 998: 986: 5429:, but reflecting the chronic factionalism and disunity that characterized the Greek war effort, were undone when one of the Greek captains, Gogos Bakolas betrayed his own side to the Ottomans, allowing Albanian infantry to advance up the ridge. The battle ended in an Ottoman victory, and with most of the philhellenes killed. The successive military campaigns of the Ottomans in Western and Eastern Greece were repulsed: in 1822, 3465:(1762–1796) made the Greeks consider their emancipation with the aid of Russia. An independence movement in Peloponnesus (Morea) was incited by Russian agents in 1769, and a Greek flotilla under Lambros Katsonis assisted the Russian fleet in the war of 1788–1792. The Greek revolts of the 18th century were unsuccessful but far larger than the revolts of previous centuries, and they laid the foundation for a national revolution. 4649: 4857: 6417: 423: 12460: 6514:

Ottoman capital to secure the end of the war. Under the protocol signed on 7 May 1832 between Bavaria and the protecting powers, Greece was defined as a "monarchical and independent state" but was to pay an indemnity to the Porte. The protocol outlined the way in which the Regency was to be managed until Otto reached his majority, while also concluding the second Greek loan for a sum of £2.4 million.

3400: 380: 4759:, attacked Frangokastello with an army of 8,000 men. The castle's defence was doomed after a seven-day siege and Dalianis perished along with 385 men. During 1828, Kapodistrias sent Mavrocordatos with British and French fleets to Crete to deal with the klephts and the pirates. This expedition resulted in the destruction of all pirate ships at Gramvousa and the fort came under British command. 4354:, who, with a handful of men, inflicted heavy casualties upon the Turkish army. After his defeat and the successful retreat of Androutsos' force, Omer Vrioni postponed his advance towards Peloponnese awaiting reinforcements; instead, he invaded Livadeia, which he captured on 10 June, and Athens, where he lifted the siege of the Acropolis. After a Greek force of 2,000 men managed to destroy at 6962: 6176: 4473: 6635:

taken refuge from the fighting, than a specific action against Jews as such. Many Jews around Greece and throughout Europe were supporters of the Greek revolt, using their resources to loan substantial amounts to the newly formed Greek government. In turn, the success of the Greek Revolution was to stimulate the incipient stirrings of Jewish nationalism, later called

4812:, considering that this would be the most suitable spring-board for starting the insurrection. As Vacalopoulos notes, however, "adequate preparations for rebellion had not been made, nor were revolutionary ideals to be reconciled with the ideological world of the monks within the Athonite regime". On 8 May, the Turks, infuriated by the landing of sailors from 6157:

write to the Sultan to see if he would change his orders, but he also complained about the Greeks being able to continue their attacks. Codrington promised that he would stop the Greeks and Philhellenes from attacking the Turks and Egyptians. After doing this, he disbanded most of his fleet, which returned to Malta, while the French went to the Aegean.

7384:, because they were confident that they could secure the support of their people. They thus advocated "democratic" principles, while Ypsilantis and the military promoted "aristocratic" procedures. Koliopoulos & Veremis conclude that "Ypsilantis' assembly was essentially a royal chamber, while that of the local notables was closer to a parliament". 5227: 6678:, who had until then held high office within the Ottoman Empire, were thenceforth regarded as suspect, and lost their special, privileged status. In Constantinople and the rest of the Ottoman Empire where Greek banking and merchant presence had been dominant, Armenians mostly replaced Greeks in banking, and Jewish merchants gained importance. 4535:, Christodoulos Klonaris, Konstantinos Polychroniades and A. Bogorides, who had assembled themselves into a Committee which was seeking international support for the ongoing Greek revolution, Boyer expressed his support for the Greek Revolution and compared the struggle underfoot across the Atlantic to the struggle for independence in 6082:(6 July 1827) with France and Russia. This provided that the Allies should again offer negotiations, and if the Sultan rejected it, they would exert all the means which circumstances would allow to force the cessation of hostilities. Meanwhile, news reached Greece in late July 1827 that Muhammad Ali's new fleet was completed in 4941:. In the autumn of 1821, Nikolaos Kasomoulis was sent to southern Greece as the "representative of South-East Macedonia", and met Demetrius Ypsilantis. He then wrote to Papas from Hydra, asking him to visit Olympus to meet the captains there and to "fire them with the required patriotic enthusiasm". At the beginning of 1822, 5073:

were killed, and at the Battle of Athens in 1827, around 130 were killed. General Chatzipetros, showing military decorations declared "These were given to me by the heroism and braveness of the Column of Cypriots". In the National Library, there is a list of 580 names of Cypriots who fought in the War between 1821 and 1829.

4828:, who got wind of his intentions and fled. On 17 May, the Greeks of Polygyros took up arms, killed the local governor and 14 of his men, and wounded three others; they also repulsed two Turkish detachments. On 18 May, when Yusuf learned of the incidents at Polygyros and the spreading of the insurrection to the villages of 6467:. Discouraged by the gloomy picture painted by Kapodistrias, and unsatisfied with the Aspropotamos-Zitouni borderline, which replaced the more favorable line running from Arta to Volos considered by the Great Powers earlier, he refused. Negotiations temporarily stalled after Kapodistrias was assassinated in 1831 in 6149:

stay away from Greece, left Alexandria and joined other Ottoman/Egyptian units at Navarino on 8 September, Codrington arrived with his squadron off Navarino on 12 September. On 13 October, Codrington was joined, off Navarino, by his allied support, a French squadron under De Rigny and a Russian squadron under

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mechanised warship in a war. The two loans from the City caused significant financial difficulties for the young nation, and in 1878 a deal was struck between the creditors and the Greek government to reduce the loans, now worth £10 million, with unpaid interest down to 1.5 million pounds sterling.

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As they did in similar cases in the past, the Turks executed the Patriarch after they had had him deposed and replaced, not as patriarch but as a disloyal subject. Georgiades–Arnakis asserts that "though the Porte took care not to attack the church as an institution, Greek ecclesiastical leaders knew

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The Greeks formally applied for the mediation provided in the Petersburg Protocol, while the Turks and the Egyptians showed no willingness to stop fighting. France, which initially backed its client Muhammad Ali the Great with weapons and officers to train his army, changed its stance, partly because

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Revolutionary activity was fragmented because of the lack of strong central leadership and guidance. However, the Greek side withstood the Turkish attacks because the Ottoman military campaigns were periodic and the Ottoman presence in the rebel areas was uncoordinated due to logistical problems. The

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Back in Cyprus during the war, the local population suffered greatly at the hands of the Ottoman rulers of the islands, who were quick to act with great severity at any act of patriotism and sympathy of the Greeks of Cyprus to the Revolution, fearing a similar uprising in Cyprus. The religious leader

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The insurrection in Chalkidiki was, from then on, confined to the peninsulas of Mount Athos and Kassandra. On 30 October 1821, an offensive led by the new Pasha of Thessaloniki, Muhammad Emin Abulubud, resulted in a decisive Ottoman victory at Kassandra. The survivors, among them Pappas, were rescued

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wrote that hearing his professor lecture on the need for Greek freedom went through him like an electric shock, inspiring him to drop his studies and head to Greece, while a Danish student wrote: "How could a man inclined to fight for freedom and justice find a better place than next to the oppressed

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Alexander Ypsilantis was elected as the head of the Filiki Eteria in April 1820 and took upon himself the task of planning the insurrection. His intention was to raise all the Christians of the Balkans in rebellion and perhaps force Russia to intervene on their behalf. On 22 February , he crossed the

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In Europe, the Greek revolt aroused widespread sympathy among the public, although at first it was met with lukewarm and negative reception from the Great Powers. Some historians argue that Ottoman atrocities were given wide coverage in Europe, while Greek atrocities tended to be suppressed or played

3422:, tried to transmit these ideas back to the Greeks, with the double aim of raising their educational level and simultaneously strengthening their national identity. This was achieved through the dissemination of books, pamphlets and other writings in Greek, in a process that has been described as the 3264: 6658:

The consequences of the Greek revolution were somewhat ambiguous in the immediate aftermath. An independent Greek state had been established, but Britain, Russia and France still had significant influence in Greek politics, selecting an imported Bavarian prince as ruler. The country had been ravaged

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In the spring of 1826, Ibrahim managed to capture the marshes around the city, although not without heavy losses. He thus cut the Greeks off from the sea and blocked off their supply route. Although the Egyptians and the Turks offered them terms to stop the attacks, the Greeks refused, and continued

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Archbishop Kyprianos was defiant in his death. He was aware of his fate and impending death, yet stood by the Greek cause. He is revered throughout Cyprus as a noble patriot and defender of the Orthodox faith and Hellenic cause. An English explorer by the name of Carne spoke to the Archbishop before

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Throughout the War of Independence, supplies were brought from Cyprus by the Filiki Etairia to aid the Greek struggle. The Greeks of Cyprus underwent great risk to provide these supplies, and secretly load them onto boats arriving at intervals from Greece, as the Ottoman rulers in Cyprus at the time

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After the fall of Kalamata, the Messenian Senate, the first of the Greeks' local governing councils, held its inaugural session. At almost the same time, the Achean Directorate was summoned in Patras, but its members were soon forced to flee to Kalavryta. With the initiative of the Messenian Senate,

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sent supplies of salted meat, sugar, fish and flour. Newspapers in the United States gave the war much coverage and were overwhelmingly pro-Greek in their stance, which explains why American public opinion was so supportive. In New York City, one ball put on by the Greek committee raised $ 8,000 (~$

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In Germany, Italy and France many clergymen and university professors gave speeches saying all of Europe owed a huge debt to ancient Greece, that the modern Greeks were entitled to call upon the classical heritage as a reason for support, and that Greece would only achieve progress with freedom from

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to send Ypsilantis a letter upbraiding him for misusing the mandate received from the Tsar; Kapodistrias announced to Ypsilantis that his name had been struck off the army list and that he was commanded to lay down arms. Ypsilantis tried to ignore the letter, but Vladimirescu took this as the end of

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The war would prove a seminal event in the history of the Ottoman Empire, despite the small size and the impoverishment of the new Greek state. For the first time, a Christian subject people had achieved independence from Ottoman rule and established a fully independent state, recognized by Europe.

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Sometimes marked as allies of the Turks in the Peloponnese, Jewish settlements were also massacred by Greek revolutionaries; Steve Bowman argues that the tragedy may have been more a side-effect of the butchering of the Turks of Tripolis, the last Ottoman stronghold in the South, where the Jews had

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had approved the choice of Otto, and passed the Constitution of 1832 (which would come to be known as the "Hegemonic Constitution"). As co-guarantors of the monarchy, the Great Powers also agreed to guarantee a loan of 60 million francs to the new king, empowering their ambassadors in the

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Upon their arrival at Navarino, Codgrinton and de Rigny tried to negotiate with Ibrahim, but Ibrahim insisted that by the Sultan's order he must destroy Hydra. Codrington responded by saying that if Ibrahim's fleets attempted to go anywhere but home, he would have to destroy them. Ibrahim agreed to

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was wounded three times in a single day. In December, Febvier was able to infiltrate a force of some 500 men into the Akropolis, bringing in much needed supplies of gunpowder, through he was much offended when the garrison started firing to wake up the Turks, trapping him and his men. In the summer

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From the few Greeks of Mani and the rest of the Greeks who live there to Ibrahim Pasha. We received your letter in which you try to frighten us, saying that if we don't surrender, you'll kill the Maniots and plunder Mani. That's why we are waiting for you and your army. We, the inhabitants of Mani,

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had ended in an Ottoman victory sparked horror all over Greece; at the National Assembly, Kolokotronis was giving a speech when the news of Missolonghi's fall reached him, leaving him to remember: "the news came to us that Missolonghi was lost. We were all plunged into great grief; for half an hour

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On the Greek side, there were the Christian Albanian Souliot bands, hardened mountain fighters based around clan leaders who gradually became integrated into the national war effort. There were also the Albanian-speaking seamen of Hydra and Spetses who provided not only the core of the Greek fleet

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was appointed by the British government as Foreign Secretary, succeeding Castlereagh. Canning was influenced by the mounting popular agitation against the Ottomans, and believed that a settlement could no longer be postponed. He also feared that Russia might undertake unilateral action against the

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from the north-east near Almiro on 21 June 1826, but he was forced to stop at the fortifications at Vergas in northern Mani. His army of 7,000 men was held off by an army of 2,000 Maniots and 500 refugees from other parts of Greece until Kolokotronis attacked the Egyptians from the rear and forced

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In March 1824, the forces of the new executive besieged Nafplion and Tripolitsa. After one month of fighting and negotiations, an agreement was reached between Kolokotronis, from one side, and Londos and Zaimis, from the other side. On 22 May, the first phase of the civil war officially ended, but

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Military leaders and representatives of Filiki Eteria were marginalized, but gradually Kolokotronis' political influence grew, and he soon managed to control, along with the captains he influenced, the Peloponnesian Senate. The central administration tried to marginalize Kolokotronis, who also had

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Kanaris brought with him to mainland Greece, Cypriots who created the "Column of Cypriots" («Φάλαγγα των Κυπρίων»), led by General Chatzipetros, which fought with extraordinary heroism in Greece. In total, over 1000 Cypriots fought in the War of Independence, many of whom died. At Missolonghi many

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arrived in Peloponnese as official representative of Filiki Eteria, he tried to assume control of the Revolution's affairs, and he thus proposed a new system of electing the members of the Senate, which was supported by the military leaders, but opposed by the notables. Assemblies convened also in

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in Pisa when the revolution began, and upon hearing of the revolution, purchased supplies and a ship in Marseilles and then set sail for Greece. Mavrokordhatos's wealth, education (he was fluent in seven languages) and his experience as an Ottoman official ruling Wallachia led many to look towards

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who become infamous for his "Greek hunts" in Attica, which was described thus: "One of his favourite amusements was a 'Greek hunt' as the Turks called it. They would go out in parties of fifty to a hundred, mounted on fleet horses, and scour the open country in search of Greek peasantry, who might

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Fight for Faith and Fatherland! The time has come, O Hellenes. Long ago the people of Europe, fighting for their own rights and liberties, invited us to imitation ... The enlightened peoples of Europe are occupied in restoring the same well-being, and, full of gratitude for the benefactions of our

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Almost as soon as the revolution began, there were large scale massacres of civilians by both Greek revolutionaries and Ottoman authorities. Greek revolutionaries massacred Jews, Muslims, and Christians suspected of Ottoman sympathies alike, mainly in the Peloponnese and Attica where Greek forces

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After the Greek delegation, led by Mavrocordatos, accepted the terms of the treaty, the Allies prepared to insist upon the armistice, and their fleets were instructed to intercept supplies destined for Ibrahim's forces. When Muhammad Ali's fleet, which had been warned by the British and French to

6077:

saw the offer to impose mediation as a way of assuring French influence in Greece. Since Britain and Russia were going ahead with their plans to impose mediation with or without France, if the French declined the offer to impose mediation, Greece would be in the Anglo-Russian sphere of influence,

5895:

Kapodistrias arrived in Greece to become the Governor on 28 January 1828. The first task of Greece's new leader was to create a state and a civil society, which the workaholic Kapodistrias toiled at mightily, working from 5 am until 10 pm every night. Kapodistrias alienated many with his haughty,

5747:

George Canning wrote, rather than run the risk of Russia defeating the Ottomans alone, Britain would have to intervene to stop the "barbarisation project" as the British did not wish to see the Russians conquer the Ottoman Empire. While diplomats and statesmen debated what to do in London and St.

5697:

On 7 February 1825, a second loan to Greece was floated in the City of London. Although the Greek government had squandered the money from the first loan, the second loan was oversubscribed and raised some £1.1 million (~$ 404 million in 2021). Unlike the first loan, the second loan from the

5577:

Trying to coax the military leaders, the central administration proposed to Kolokotronis that he participate in the executive body as vice-president. Kolokotronis accepted, but he caused a serious crisis when he prevented Mavrokordatos, who had been elected president of the legislative body, from

4791:

coincided with the cultural and political renaissance of the Greeks. The ideals and patriotic songs of Rigas Feraios and others had made a profound impression upon the Thessalonians. Α few years later, the revolutionary fervour of the southern Greeks was to spread to these parts, and the seeds of

4716:

Towards the summer of 1825, a body of three to four hundred Cretans, who had fought with other Greeks in the Peloponnese, arrived in Crete and revitalized the Cretan insurgency (the so-called "Gramvousa period"). On 9 August 1825, led by Dimitrios Kallergis and Emmanouil Antoniadis, this group of

6684:"Today the fatherland is reborn, that for so long was lost and extinguished. Today are raised from the dead the fighters, political, religious, as well as military, for our King has come, that we begat with the power of God. Praised be your most virtuous name, omnipotent and most merciful Lord." 6288:

and helped the Greeks evacuate the Peloponnese from all the hostile troops by 30 October. Maison thus implemented the convention Codrington had negotiated and signed in Alexandria with Muhammad Ali, which provided for the withdrawal of all Egyptian troops from the Peloponnese. The French troops,

6198:

sent a boat to request the Egyptians to move their fire ships, the officer on board was shot by the Egyptians. The frigate responded with musket fire in retaliation and an Egyptian ship fired a cannon shot at the French flagship, the Sirene, which returned fire. A full engagement was begun which

5904:

who provided the necessary military force to back up Kapodistrias's decisions. As a former Russian foreign minister, Kapodistrias was well connected to the European elite and he attempted to use his connections to secure loans for the new Greek state and to achieve the most favorable borders for

5460:

The Greek government had been desperately short of money since the start of the revolution, and in February 1823, the banker Andréas Louriótis arrived in London, seeking a loan from the city. Assisted by the London Greek Committee, which included several MPs and intellectuals, Louriótis began to

5413:

took advantage of to launch a fire ship attack. As Kara Ali's ship was brightly lit as befitting the Kapitan Pasha, a fire ship under Kanaris was able to strike his ship, causing the Ottoman flagship to blow up. Of the 2,286 or so aboard the flagship, only 180 survived, but many of the dead were

5119:

On 9 July 1821, Pasha had the gates to the walled city of Nicosia closed and executed, by beheading or hanging, 470 important Cypriots amongst them Chrysanthos (bishop of Paphos), Meletios (bishop of Kition) and Lavrentios (bishop of Kyrenia). The next day, all abbots and monks of monasteries in

4520:

had raised 973,500 roubles by August 1822. By the end of the war, millions of roubles had been raised in Russia for the relief of refugees and to buy enslaved Greeks freedom (though the government forbade buying arms for the Greeks), but no Russian is known to have gone to fight with the Greeks.

4454:

wrote when he heard of the revolution in March 1821, "I learnt with a thrill that Greece was shaking off her chains" and in July 1821 boarded a ship going to Greece. Between the summer of 1821 and end of 1822, when the French started to inspect ships leaving Marseilles for philhellenes, some 360

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of 4 April 1826. According to the protocol, the two powers agreed to mediate between the Ottomans and the Greeks on the basis of complete autonomy of Greece under Turkish sovereignty. The Anglo-Russian protocol that Wellington negotiated with Nicholas in St. Petersburg attracted much scorn from

6048:

These measures led to the increase of British influence. This influence was reinforced by the issuing of two loans that the Greeks managed to conclude with British fund-holders in 1824 and 1825. These loans, which, in effect, made the City of London the financier of the revolution, inspired the

3409:

Due to economic developments within and outside the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century, Greek merchants and sailors became affluent and generated the wealth necessary to found schools and libraries, and to pay for young Greeks to study at the universities of Western Europe. There they came into

8626:(2007–2008), pp. 262–263. (In Greek language) Μαυρογιάννης Διονύσιος, Όψεις του πολιτικού, οικονομικού και κοινωνικού βίου στην Αχαΐα και στον Μοριά κατά την έναρξη της επαναστατικής διαδικασίας του 1821. Ανέκδοτη εμπορική αλληλογραφία του Γάλλου προξένου στην Πάτρα Ούγου Πουκεβίλ (1820–1822). 6040:

In March 1823, Canning declared that "when a whole nation revolts against its conqueror, the nation cannot be considered as piratical but as a nation in a state of war". In February 1823 he notified the Ottoman Empire that Britain would maintain friendly relations with the Turks only under the

5802:

deserter informed Ibrahim of the Greeks' intention, and he had his entire army deployed; only 1,800 Greeks managed to cut their way through the Egyptian lines. Between 3,000 and 4,000 women and children were enslaved and many of the people who remained behind decided to blow themselves up with

5677:

On 19 July 1824, the largest fleet seen in the Mediterranean since Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798 set sail from Alexandria, consisting of 54 warships and 400 transports carrying 14,000 French-trained infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 500 artillerymen, with some 150 cannons. Egyptian intervention was

5581:

The crisis culminated when the legislature, which was controlled by the Roumeliotes and the Hydriots, overturned the executive, and fired its president, Petros Mavromichalis. Kolokotronis and most of the Peloponnesian notables and captains supported Mavromichalis, who remained president of his

5557:

and appointed the members of an executive and a legislative body that were to govern the liberated territories. Mavrokordatos saved the office of president of the executive for himself, while Ypsilantis, who had called for the Assembly, was elected president of the legislative body, a place of

5115:

as a messenger of the Filiki Etairia, bringing orders to Kyprianos, while proclamations were distributed in every corner of the island. However, the local pasha, Küçük Pasha, intercepted these messages and reacted with fury, calling in reinforcements, confiscating weapons and arresting several

5605:

During this period, the two first installments of the English loan had arrived, and the position of the government was strengthened; but the infighting was not yet over. Zaimis and the other Peloponnesians who supported Kountouriotis came into conflict with the executive body, and allied with

3962:

his alliance with the Eteria. A conflict erupted inside the camp and Vladimirescu was tried and put to death by the Eteria on 26 May . The loss of their Romanian allies, followed by an Ottoman intervention on Wallachian soil, sealed defeat for the Greek exiles and culminated in the disastrous

6049:

creation of the "British" political party in Greece, whose opinion was that the revolution could only end in success with the help of Britain. At the same time, parties affiliated to Russia and France made their appearance. These parties would later strive for power during king Otto's reign.

5714:

on 24 February 1825, and a month later he was joined by his army of 10,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry. The Greeks had not expected Ibrahim Pasha to land during the stormy winter weather, and were taken by surprise. The Greeks initially laughed at the Egyptian soldiers, who were short, skinny

4728:

Although the Ottomans did not manage to retake the forts, they were successful in blocking the spread of the insurgency to the island's western provinces. The insurgents were besieged in Gramvousa for more than two years and they had to resort to piracy to survive. Gramvousa became a hive of

5706:

believed that the use of mechanised warships powered by steam and using red-hot shot would allow the Greeks to overpower the Ottoman navy, powered as it was by sail. Hastings persuaded the Board of Control to invest in the revolutionary technology of the steamship, making the first use of a

3538:

who witnessed the French Revolution. Korais' primary intellectual inspiration was from the Enlightenment, and he borrowed ideas from Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. When Korais was a young adult he moved to Paris to continue his studies. He eventually graduated from the

5966:

Nevertheless, Alexander's position was ambivalent, since he regarded himself as the protector of the Orthodox Church, and his subjects were deeply moved by the hanging of the Patriarch. These factors explain why, after denouncing the Greek Revolution, Alexander dispatched an ultimatum to

4111:

As news came of Ypsilantis' march into the Danubian Principalities, the atmosphere in the Peloponnese was tense, and by mid-March, sporadic incidents against Muslims occurred, heralding the start of the uprising. According to oral tradition, the Revolution was declared on 25 March 1821

5862:

The losses Ibrahim Pasha had taken at Missolonghi had greatly reduced his army, and he spent the rest of 1826 chasing the Greek guerillas up and down the mountains. In late June 1826, Reshid Pasha had arrived outside of Athens and laid siege to the city, marking the beginning of the

5628:

and others, attacked in Achaea, Lindos and "Zaimis". In January 1825, a Roumeliote force, led by Kolettis himself, arrested Kolokotronis, Deligiannis' family and others. In May 1825, under the pressure of the Egyptian intervention, those imprisoned were released and granted amnesty.

6276:, before the Western powers imposed a ceasefire. These Greek victories were proved decisive for the including of more territories in the future State. As far as the Peloponnese was concerned, Britain and Russia accepted the offer of France to send an army to expel Ibrahim's forces. 3165:, began to call for the liberation of their homeland. Demetrius Chalcondyles called on Venice and "all of the Latins" to aid the Greeks against "the abominable, monstrous, and impious barbarian Turks". However, Greece was to remain under Ottoman rule for several more centuries. 5840:

them to retreat. The Maniots pursued the Egyptians all the way to Kalamata before returning to Vergas. Simultaneously, Ibrahim sent his fleet further down the Maniot coast in order to outflank the Greek defenders and attack them from the rear. However, when his force landed at

6630:

During the war, tens of thousands of Greek civilians were killed, left to die or taken into slavery. Most of the Greeks in the Greek quarter of Constantinople were massacred. A large number of Christian clergymen were also killed, including the Ecumenical Patriarch Gregory V.

5069:. They landed at Asprovrisi of Lapithou. Kanaris brought with him papers from the Filiki Etaireia and the ships were welcomed with rapturous applause and patriotic cries from the local Greeks of the area, who helped Kanaris and the soldiers from Cyprus as much as they could. 4820:, by the capture of Turkish merchants and the seizure of their goods, rampaged through the streets of Serres, searched the houses of the notables for arms, imprisoned the Metropolitan and 150 merchants, and seized their goods as a reprisal for the plundering by the Psarians. 4401:

and two retired dragomans, a number of wealthy bankers and merchants, including a member of the ultra-rich Mavrocordatos family, three monks and a priest of the Orthodox church, and three ordinary Greeks accused of planning to poison the city's water supply. In the city of

5404:

shocked all of Europe and further increased public sympathy for the Greek cause. The Greeks avenged the massacre on the night of 18 June 1822, when the Ottoman fleet were busy celebrating the end of the sacred Muslim holiday of Ramadan, which the Greek fleet under Admiral

6222:

was reported as referring to the battle as "this untoward event". In France, the news of the battle was greeted with great enthusiasm and the government had an unexpected surge in popularity. Russia formally took the opportunity to declare war on the Turks (April 1828).

4701:

to face Hussein, but the Cretans were defeated by the much larger and better-organised force, and lost 300 men at the battle of Amourgelles on 20 August 1823. By the spring of 1824, Hussein had managed to limit the Cretan resistance to just a few mountain enclaves.

6090:

to join the rest of the Egyptian-Turkish fleet. The aim of this fleet was to attack Hydra and knock the island's fleet out of the war. On 29 August, the Porte formally rejected the Treaty of London's stipulations, and, subsequently, the commanders-in-chief of the

5606:

Kolokotronis, who roused the residents of Tripolitsa against the local tax collectors of the government. Papaflessas and Makriyannis failed to suppress the rebellion, but Kolokotronis remained inactive for some period, overwhelmed by the death of his son, Panos.

3077:. The Ottoman garrisons in the Peloponnese surrendered and the Greek revolutionaries retook central Greece. The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia allowing for the Russian army to move into the Balkans. This forced the Ottomans to accept Greek autonomy in the 7910: 4132:) although some historians question the historicity of the event. Some claim that the story first appears in 1824 in a book written by a French diplomat François Pouqueville, whose book is full of inventions. Historian David Brewer noted that Pouqueville was an 15157: 7366:

Clogg asserts that uncertainty surrounds the total number of those recruited into the Filiki Eteria. According to Clogg, recruiting was carried out in the Danubian principalities, southern Russia, the Ionian islands and the Peloponnese. Few were recruited in

4346:. Another significant loss for the Greeks was the death of Diakos, a promising military leader, who was captured in Alamana and executed by the Turks when he refused to declare allegiance to the Sultan. The Greeks managed to halt the Turkish advance at the 6193:

On 20 October 1827, as the weather got worse, the British, Russian and French fleets entered the Bay of Navarino in peaceful formation to shelter themselves and to make sure that the Egyptian-Turkish fleet did not slip off and attack Hydra. When a British

5133:

the events of 9 July, who was quoted as saying: "My death is not far away. I know they are waiting for an opportunity to kill me". Kyprianos chose to stay, despite these fears, and provide protection and counsel for the people of Cyprus as their leader.

5566:. In November 1822, the central administration decided that the new National Assembly would take place in Nafplion, and asked Kolokotronis to return the fort to the government. Kolokotronis refused, and the Assembly was finally gathered in March 1823 in 6988:(1757–1798) was a very prominent poet and intellectual of the Greek independence movement. Many of his poems urged the people of Greece to leave the cities, head to the mountains where they would have more freedom, and unite to gain their independence. 5123:

In total, it is estimated that over 2,000 Greeks of Cyprus were slaughtered as an act of revenge for participating in the revolution. This was a very significant proportion of the total population of the island at the time. Küçük pasha had declared

8617:

Mavrogiannis Dionyssios, "Aspects of civic, economic and social life in Achaia and Moreas at the beginning of the revolutionary process of 1821. Unpublished commercial correspondence of the French consul in Patras, Hugues Pouqueville (1820–1822)",

4619:, the Charter of Western Continental Greece and the Legal Order of Eastern Continental Greece, drafted mainly by Mavrokordatos and Negris respectively. The statutes provided for the creation of two local administrative organs in Central Greece, an 5128:

before undertaking these massacres. From 9 to 14 July, the Ottomans killed all prisoners on the list of the pasha, and in the next 30 days, looting and massacres spread throughout Cyprus as 4,000 Turkish soldiers from Syria arrived on the island.

4144: 4140:

of Germanos. Also, some European newspapers of June and July 1821 published the news of declaration of revolution by Germanos either in Patras on 6 April/25 March 1821 or in the "Monastery of Velia Mountain" (Agia Lavra) on a non-specified date.

5289:

distinguished themselves. The early successes of the Greek fleet in direct confrontations with the Ottomans at Patras and Spetses gave the crews confidence and contributed greatly to the survival and success of the uprising in the Peloponnese.

3246:

played a pivotal role in the preservation of national identity, the development of Greek society and the resurgence of Greek nationalism. From the early 18th century and onwards, members of prominent Greek families in Constantinople, known as

4012:

The outbreak of the war was met by mass executions, pogrom-style attacks, the destruction of churches, and looting of Greek properties throughout the Empire. The most severe atrocities occurred in Constantinople, in what became known as the

4441:, but was greeted with enthusiasm by many ordinary people across Europe. After the execution of the Patriarch Gregory V, the Russian Emperor Alexander I broke off diplomatic relations with the Sublime Porte after his foreign minister Count 5955:, who was of Greek origin. Kapodistrias demanded that Alexander declare war on the Ottomans in order to liberate Greece and increase the greatness of Russia. Metternich persuaded Alexander that Kapodistrias was in league with the Italian 5363:

cash-strapped Ottoman state's relations with Russia, always difficult, had been made worse by the hanging of Patriarch Grigorios, and the Sublime Porte needed to concentrate substantial forces on the Russian border in case war broke out.

4498:

Citizens of the United States, from elite as well as modest socioeconomic backgrounds, supported the Greek cause, donating money and supplies to numerous philhellenic groups in both the northern and southern United States. The classicist

4697:, appointed Commissioner of Crete by the Greek revolutionary government, held the Convention of Arcoudaina in an attempt to reconcile the factions of local captains and unite them against the common threat. He then gathered 3,000 men in 5970:

However, the danger of war passed temporarily, after Metternich and Castlereagh persuaded the Sultan to make some concessions to the Tsar. On 14 December 1822, the Holy Alliance denounced the Greek Revolution, considering it audacious.

6662:

The population of the new state numbered 800,000, representing less than one-third of the 2.5 million Greek inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire. During a great part of the next century, the Greek state sought the liberation of the

4445:

sent an ultimatum demanding promises from the Ottomans to stop executing Orthodox priests, which the Porte did not see fit to answer. In the summer of 1821, various young men from all over Europe began to gather in the French port of

5748:

Petersburg, the Egyptian advance continued in Greece. The Greek government, in an attempt to stop the Egyptians, released Kolokotronis from captivity, but he too was unsuccessful. By the end of June, Ibrahim had captured the city of

3337:

as their personal property. A great deal of power was placed in their hands and they integrated in the network of clientelist relationships that formed the Ottoman administration. Some managed to establish exclusive control in their

6707:) had been judged worthy of national self-determination by the great powers, the Greek revolt legitimized the concept of small nation-states, and emboldened nationalist movements among other subject peoples of the Ottoman Empire. 6304:. Greek forces under Demetrius Ypsilantis, for the first time trained to fight as a regular European army rather than as guerrilla bands, advanced against Aslan Bey's forces and defeated them. The Turks surrendered all lands from 6293:(botany, zoology, geology, geography, archaeology, architecture and sculpture), whose work was of major importance for the building of the new independent State. The French troops definitely left Greece after five years, in 1833. 4807:

Following the instructions of Alexander Ypsilantis, that is to prepare the ground and to rouse the inhabitants of Macedonia to rebellion, Pappas loaded arms and munitions from Constantinople on a ship on 23 March and proceeded to

3985:, where he spent some days negotiating with the Austrian authorities for permission to cross the frontier. Fearing that his followers might surrender him to the Turks, he gave out that Austria had declared war on Turkey, caused a 3950:, who had already reached the outskirts of Bucharest on 16 March . In Bucharest, the relations of the two men deteriorated dramatically; Vladimirescu's first priority was to assert his authority against the newly appointed prince 5080:

emblazoned in the top left corner. The flag was hoisted on a wooden mast, carved and pointed at the end to act as a lance in battle. The legendary battle flag is currently stored at the National Historical Museum of Athens.

4823:

In Thessaloniki, governor Yusuf Bey (the son of Ismail Bey) imprisoned in his headquarters more than 400 hostages, of whom more than 100 were monks from the monastic estates. He also wished to seize the powerful notables of

4470:, a monument to honor the philhellenes who died fighting in the war listed 274 names, of which 100 are from Germany, forty each from France and Italy, and the rest from Britain, Spain, Hungary, Sweden, Portugal and Denmark. 3058:, to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gains. Ibrahim landed in the Peloponnese in February 1825 and brought most of the peninsula under Egyptian control by the end of that year. Despite a 1732: 5084: 3825:, enabling the younger generation of artistic and literary intellectuals to expand the classical repertoire by treating modern Greek history as an extension of ancient history; the idea of a regeneration of the spirit of 4804:, who was initiated into the Filiki Eteria in 1819. Pappas had considerable influence over the local Ottoman authorities, especially the local governor, Ismail Bey, and offered much of his personal wealth for the cause. 5096:

were very wary of Cypriot insurgency and sentenced to death any Greek Cypriots found aiding the Greek cause. Incidences of these secret loading trips from Cyprus were recorded by the French consul to Cyprus, Mechain.

3168:

The Greek Revolution was not an isolated event; numerous failed attempts at regaining independence took place throughout the Ottoman era. Throughout the 17th century, there was great resistance to the Ottomans in the

5136:

He was publicly hanged from a tree opposite the former palace of the Lusignan Kings of Cyprus on 19 July 1821. The events leading up to his execution were documented in an epic poem written in the Cypriot dialect by

4029: 6490:, who took over as British Foreign Secretary, agreed to the Arta–Volos borderline. However, the secret note on Crete, which the Bavarian plenipotentiary communicated to Britain, France and Russia, bore no fruit. 5798:

to fight. On 22 April, the Greeks decided to sail from the city during the night, with 3,000 men, to cut a path through the Egyptian lines and allow 6,000 women, children and non-combatants to follow. However, a

5120:

Cyprus were executed. In addition, the Ottomans arrested all the Greek leaders of the villages and imprisoned them before executing them, as they were suspected of inspiring patriotism in their local population.

4569:

The three major social groups that provided the leadership of the revolution were the primates (wealthy landowners who controlled about a third of the arable land in the Peloponnese), the captains drawn from the

4729:

piratical activity that greatly affected Turkish–Egyptian and European shipping in the region. During that period the population of Gramvousa became organised and built a school and a church dedicated to the

7339:

Georgiadis–Arnakis argues that the Church of Constantinople conducted "a magnificent work of national conservation", and contributed to the national liberation of all the subject nationalities of the Balkan

11103:

Batalas, Achilles (2003). "Send a Thief to Catch a Thief: State-building and the Employment of Irregular Military Formations in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Greece". In Diane E. Davis; Anthony W. Pereira (eds.).

7907: 5181:'s provinces, threatening to crush the rebellion; likewise the failure of the Greek fleet to break the naval blockade of Messolonghi (as it did several times earlier) in 1826 led to the fall of the city. 4210:

By the end of March, the Greeks effectively controlled the countryside, while the Turks were confined to the fortresses, most notably those of Patras (recaptured by the Turks on 3 April by Yussuf Pasha),

5825:

Ibrahim sent an envoy to the Maniots demanding that they surrender or else he would ravage their land as he had done to the rest of the Peloponnese. Instead of surrendering, the Maniots simply replied:

3645:

The Filiki Eteria expanded rapidly and was soon able to recruit members in all areas of the Greek world and among all elements of the Greek society. In 1821, the Ottoman Empire mainly faced war against

5266:. In the fire ships, the Greeks found an effective weapon against the Ottoman vessels. In subsequent years, the successes of the Greek fire ships would increase their reputation, with acts such as the 4667:, who was killed while fighting the Turks. In 1821, an uprising by Christians was met with a fierce response from the Ottoman authorities and the execution of several bishops, regarded as ringleaders. 4001:

and the country refused to give asylum for leaders of revolts in neighboring countries. Ypsilantis was kept in close confinement for seven years. In Moldavia, the struggle continued for a while, under

15177: 15142: 9505:

but also leading members of the Greek government—including one wartime president—who occasionally used Albanian among themselves to prevent others on their own side from reading their correspondence.

6619:. There is debate among scholars over whether the massacres committed by the Greeks should be regarded as a response to prior events (such as the massacre of the Greeks of Tripoli, after the failed 3781:, took up arms to join the Greek revolutionaries. In Britain there was strong support led by the Philosophical Radicals, the Whigs, and the Evangelicals. Many helped to finance the revolution. The 5928:, but they did not know how to handle this situation (a problem known as the "Eastern Question"). Afraid of the complications the partition of the empire might raise, the British foreign minister 5491:

in December 1823. In February 1824, the loan for Greece was floated in the city, attracting some £472, 000 pounds sterling (~$ 17.4 million in 2021), which was money that the Greeks badly needed.

7380:

As Koliopoulos & Veremis argue, Ypsilantis proposed a smaller electorate, limited to the more "prestigious" men of the districts. On the other hand, the notables insisted on the principle of

4586:

tended to alternate), and the wealthy merchants, who were the most Westernised elements in Greek society. One of the more prominent leaders of the merchants and a "Westerniser" was the Phanariot

7104: 5678:

initially limited to Crete and Cyprus. However, the success of Muhammad Ali's troops in both places settled the Turks on the horns of a very difficult dilemma, since they were afraid of their

3550:. This Greek movement for independence was not only the first movement of national character in Eastern Europe, but also the first one in a non-Christian environment, like the Ottoman Empire. 3227:

At the same time, a number of Greeks enjoyed a privileged position in the Ottoman state as members of the Ottoman bureaucracy. Greeks controlled the affairs of the Orthodox Church through the

4566:

a Peloponnesian assembly convened, and elected a Senate on 26 May. Most of the members of the Peloponnesian Senate were local notables (lay and ecclesiastical) or persons controlled by them.

4021:

was executed on 22 April 1821 on the orders of the Sultan despite his opposition to the revolt, which caused outrage throughout Europe and resulted in increased support for the Greek rebels.

3916:

and the Synod had anathematized and excommunicated both Ypsilantis and Soutzos issuing many encyclicals, an explicit denunciation of the Revolution in line with the Orthodox Church's policy.

6214:, senior naval and diplomatic echelons were appalled by the outcome of his campaign. It was considered that Codrington had grossly exceeded his instructions by provoking a showdown with the 9017: 5808:

there was so complete a silence that no one would have thought there was a living soul present; each of us was revolving in his mind how great was our misfortune". The American philhellene

3200:

of the 1770s, which was crushed by the Ottomans after having limited success. After the suppression of the uprising, Muslim Albanians ravaged many regions of mainland Greece. However, the

3829:

permeated the rhetoric of the Greek cause's supporters. Classicists and romantics of that period envisioned the casting out of the Turks as the prelude to the revival of the Golden Age.

13278: 11335:

Clogg, Richard (May 1972). "Review, The Great Church in Captivity: A study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence".

5959:(an Italian revolutionary group), leading Alexander to disavow him. As a result of the Russian reaction to Alexander Ypsilantis, Kapodistrias resigned as foreign minister and moved to 13568: 6674:

As a people, the Greeks no longer provided the princes for the Danubian Principalities, and were regarded within the Ottoman Empire, especially by the Muslim population, as traitors.

14430: 5487:

in his attempt to stop the advance of Ottoman Albanian forces; the announcement of his death in Europe generated a wave of sympathy for the Greek cause. The campaign ended after the

15362: 5743:, under which Russia had a vague claim to be the protector of all the Orthodox peoples of the Ottoman Empire, would lead to Russia going to war against the Ottomans. In turn, the 10821: 10802: 10760: 20701: 20509: 6518: 6384:

saying he would never grant Greece independence, and the war would go on until he reconquered all of Greece. Based on the Protocol of Poros, the London Conference agreed on the

4063:, with its long tradition of resistance to the Ottomans, was to become the heartland of the revolt. In the early months of 1821, with the absence of the Ottoman governor of the 1370: 12387: 6045:, which were a British colony, was ordered to consider the Greeks in a state of war and give them the right to cut off certain areas from which the Turks could get provisions. 20429: 14649: 5822:

suffered from constant engine breakdowns, but Hastings was able to use the ship successfully twice over the course of the next two years, at Volos and in the Gulf of Corinth.

13431: 20413: 12325:

History of modern Hellenism, Volume VIII: The Great Greek Revolution (1821–1829) – Ioannis Kapodistrias, or the painful birth of the modern Greek state (1828–27 Sept. 1831)

10705: 3433: 14654: 12836: 4389:

The news that the Greeks had revolted sparked murderous fury all over the Ottoman Empire. In Constantinople, on Easter Sunday, the Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church,

3318:

was not clear, as the latter would often turn into klephts to extort more benefits from the authorities, while, conversely, another klepht group would be appointed to the

2264: 4495:

Greeks?". In France, Britain, Spain, Russia, the United States, and many other places "Greek committees" were established to raise funds and supplies for the revolution.

5297:, for aid. Plagued by internal strife and financial difficulties in keeping the fleet in constant readiness, the Greeks failed to prevent the capture and destruction of 4890:

Haji Muhammad Bayram Pasha from transferring forces from Asia Minor to southern Greece. Even though the rebels delayed him, they were ultimately defeated at the pass of

3496:. The death of Rigas fanned the flames of Greek nationalism; his nationalist poem, the "Thourios" (war-song), was translated into a number of Western European and later 12321:Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος Η′: Η Μεγάλη Ελληνική Επανάσταση (1821–1829) – Ιωάννης Καποδίστριας, ή η επώδυνη γένεση του νεοελληνικού κράτους (1828–27 Σεπτ. 1831) 8640: 3807:; other philhellenic works by Delacroix were inspired by Byron's poems. Byron, the most celebrated philhellene of all, lent his name, prestige and wealth to the cause. 19834: 14629: 13365: 12421: 6388:, which accepted most of the ambassadors' proposals but drew the borders farther south than the initial proposal and did not include Samos and Crete in the new state. 3615:. With the support of wealthy Greek exile communities in Britain and the United States and with the aid of sympathizers in Western Europe, they planned the rebellion. 13039: 5794:

to retreat, after attacking it with fire ships. The Turks were joined by Ibrahim in mid-winter, but his army had no more luck in penetrating Missolonghi's defences.

15137: 4832:, he ordered half of his hostages to be slaughtered before his eyes. The Mulla of Thessalonica, Hayrıülah, gives the following description of Yusuf's retaliations: 20493: 20461: 20228: 19935: 14733: 13339: 13238: 12831: 12795: 1658: 5543:) were opponents during the first civil war, when the Peloponnesians were divided. They allied themselves during the second and bloodiest phase of the infighting. 14708: 13411: 4531:, President of Haiti, following a Greek request for assistance, addressed a letter on 15 January 1822. In the letter sent to Greek expatriates living in France, 3678:. It was in this context that the Greeks judged the time ripe for their own revolt. The plan originally involved uprisings in three places, the Peloponnese, the 17975: 14930: 13034: 12811: 11003: 6521: 4686:

led by Hasan Pasha, Muhammad Ali's son-in-law; he was tasked with ending the rebellion and did not waste any time in the burning of villages throughout Crete.

3618:

The society's basic objective was a revival of the Byzantine Empire, with Constantinople as the capital, not the formation of a national state. In early 1820,

1492: 5848:, but again the Maniots defeated the Turkish and Egyptian forces at Polytsaravo. The Maniot victory dealt the death blow to Ibrahim's hope of occupying Mani. 20797: 17295: 14813: 13817: 13210: 5924:

When the news of the Greek Revolution was first received, the reaction of the European powers was uniformly hostile. They recognized the degeneration of the

4393:, was publicly hanged although he had condemned the revolution and preached obedience to the Sultan in his sermons. Since the revolution began in March, the 3476:. Deeply influenced by the French Revolution, Rigas was the first to conceive and organize a comprehensive national movement aiming at the liberation of all 1688: 11588: 4880:

joined it. Meanwhile, the revolt in Chalkidiki was progressing slowly and unsystematically. In June 1821 the insurgents tried to cut communications between

4282:

revolted on 25 May, and the revolution soon spread to other cities of western Central Greece. The Ottoman commander in the Roumeli was the Albanian general

12816: 1527: 5620:, who wanted a complete victory. Under Kolettis' orders, two bodies of Roumeliotes and Souliotes invaded the Peloponnese: the first under Gouras occupied 3818:

art, helped arouse European public opinion in favor of the Greek revolutionaries to the point of no return, and led Western powers to intervene directly.

3773:, there was tremendous sympathy for the Greek cause throughout Europe. Some wealthy Americans and Western European aristocrats, such as the renowned poet 14232: 13205: 13180: 13014: 12529: 6078:

while if the French did take part, then Greece would also be in the French sphere of influence. Canning therefore prepared for action by negotiating the

4075:

and many of his troops, the situation was favourable for the Greeks to rise against Ottoman occupation. The crucial meeting was held at Vostitsa (modern

3472:. As the power of the Ottoman Empire declined, Greek nationalism began to assert itself. The most influential of the Greek writers and intellectuals was 3306:), to secure endangered areas, especially mountain passes. The area under their control was called an "armatolik", the oldest known being established in 1683: 1363: 12294:Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος Ζ′: Η Μεγάλη Ελληνική Επανάσταση (1821–1829) – Ο αφρικανικός σιμούν, ή η επιδρομή του Ιμπραήμ στην Ελλάδα (1825–1828) 20397: 20100: 14470: 13294: 10964: 4631:, but the respective administrative institutions were turned into administrative branches of the central government. They were later dissolved by the 20589: 20036: 14435: 13329: 13004: 12916: 12901: 3069:—Russia, Britain, and France—decided to intervene, sending their naval squadrons to Greece in 1827. They destroyed the Ottoman–Egyptian fleet at the 2297: 6659:

by ten years of fighting and was full of displaced refugees and empty Turkish estates, necessitating a series of land reforms over several decades.

14661: 13585: 13552: 11690:

Miller, Marion S. "A 'Liberal International'? Perspectives on Comparative Approaches to the Revolutions in Spain, Italy, and Greece in the 1820s."

9445: 3924: 3291:) that struck at Muslims and Christians alike. Defying Ottoman rule, the klephts were highly admired and held a significant place in popular lore. 2257: 400: 9021: 7450: 4693:, led a well-organised and well-armed joint Turkish-Egyptian force of 12,000 soldiers with the support of artillery and cavalry. On 22 June 1823, 20297: 18901: 18897: 18893: 18889: 18885: 14836: 13029: 6380:. The Sublime Porte, which had rejected the call for an armistice in 1827, now rejected the conclusions of the Poros conference, with the Sultan 6348:

opened to discuss what should be the borders of Greece. On 21 December 1828, the ambassadors of Britain, Russia, and France met on the island of

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of 1711 set a precedent for the Greeks, when Peter appealed to Orthodox Christians to join the Russians and rise against the Turks to fight for "

11062:

Adanir, Fikret (2006). "Semi-autonomous Provincial Forces in the Balkans and Anatolia". In Fleet, Kate; Faroqhi, Suraiya; Kasaba, Reşat (eds.).

19827: 18881: 16820: 15865: 15786: 15625: 15315: 14889: 14555: 14047: 13225: 12311: 12284: 12257: 12230: 12203: 12176: 12149: 10432:"Newer and Modern History"(Ιστορία Νεότερη και Σύγχρονη), Vas. Sfyroeras, Schoolbook for Triti Gymnasiou, 6th edition, Athens 1996, pp. 191–192 5786:. The siege had begun on 15 April 1825, the day on which Navarino had fallen to Ibrahim. In early autumn, the Greek navy, under the command of 4437:

The news of the revolution was greeted with dismay by the conservative leaders of Europe, committed to upholding the system established at the

3993:, and on pretext of arranging measures with the Austrian commander-in-chief, he crossed the frontier. However, the reactionary policies of the 3081:

and semi-autonomy for Serbia and the Romanian principalities. After nine years of war, Greece was recognized as an independent state under the

3046:

and prevented Ottoman reinforcements from arriving by sea. Tensions developed among Greek factions, leading to two consecutive civil wars. The

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It would take until the end of the century for the city's Greek community to recover. The revolt, however, gained momentum in Mount Athos and

4659:

Cretan participation in the revolution was extensive, but it failed to achieve liberation from Turkish rule because of Egyptian intervention.

15938: 12298:

History of modern Hellenism, Volume VII: The Great Greek Revolution (1821–1829) – The African simoom, or Ibrahim's raid in Greece (1825–1828)

7004:. The poem itself is 158 stanzas, but officially only the first two are the anthem. It is the national anthem not only of Greece but also of 6887: 6352:

and prepared a protocol, which provided for the creation of an autonomous state ruled by a monarch, whose authority should be confirmed by a

6226: 5076:

The Cypriot battalion brought with them their own distinctive war banner, consisting of a white flag with a large blue cross, and the words

3923:, where he arguably could have prevented Ottoman armies from entering the Principalities, and where he might have forced Russia to accept a 20445: 18877: 16995: 15875: 2911: 15046: 14619: 11004:"Η ιστορία και η σημασία των εμβληματικών τραγουδιών που άκουσε το βράδυ της Τρίτης ο Ομπάμα στο Προεδρικό Μέγαρο από την παιδική χορωδία" 7663: 19276: 18905: 14909: 12549: 5116:

prominent Cypriots. Archbishop Kyprianos was urged (by his friends) to leave the island as the situation worsened, but refused to do so.

3110: 2250: 2176: 1033: 457: 12499: 3468:

Revolutionary nationalism grew across Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries (including in the Balkans), due to the influence of the

21014: 21009: 20999: 17365: 17325: 16858: 15266: 12464: 10818: 10799: 10764: 6902: 6487: 5019: 4478: 3884:

Christians to join him, he announced that he had "the support of a Great Power", implying Russia. Two days after crossing the Prut, at

2039: 11192: 3294:

Responding to the klephts' attacks, the Ottomans recruited the ablest amongst these groups, contracting Christian militias, known as "

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were granted some political rights under Ottoman rule, but they were considered inferior subjects. The majority of Greeks were called

372: 20028: 20012: 19999: 19951: 19820: 19202: 18925: 13299: 5896:

high-handed manner and his open contempt for most of the Greek elite, but he attracted support from several of the captains, such as

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had envisaged a disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the re-institution of a new Byzantine Empire with an Orthodox emperor. His

19848: 17582: 17232: 15899: 6057: 6779: 6528:, which defined the boundaries of the new Greek Kingdom at the Arta–Volos line. The borders of the kingdom were reiterated in the 17247: 15410: 14475: 13426: 12522: 10709: 8251: 6718:, hoping to regain their independence. This uprising failed however, and Polish independence would not be restored until 1918 at 5879:

but were driven off with the loss of some 300 dead. On 13 October 1826, Gouras was killed by an Ottoman sniper and a week later,

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most of the members of the new executive were displeased by the moderate terms of the agreement that Londos and Zaimis brokered.

4836:

Every day and every night you hear nothing in the streets of Thessaloniki but shouting and moaning. It seems that Yusuf Bey, the

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district of the city), gained considerable control over Ottoman foreign policy and eventually over the bureaucracy as a whole.

3014:, but it was soon put down by the Ottomans. These events urged Greeks in the Peloponnese into action and on 17 March 1821, the 1630: 1424: 12240:Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος Ε′: Η Μεγάλη Ελληνική Επανάσταση (1821–1829) – Οι προϋποθέσεις και οι βάσεις της, 1813–1822 11195:. In Ehrlich, Leonard H.; Bolozky, Shmuel; Rothstein, Robert A.; Schwartz, Murray; Berkovitz, Jay R.; Young, James E. (eds.). 3204:

continually resisted Ottoman rule and defeated several Ottoman incursions into their region, the most famous of which was the

20893: 20007: 17478: 17109: 16509: 16438: 15796: 13782: 13175: 12478: 12060:

Trent, James (2015–2016). "'Vulgar Appearing Little Bodies': Samuel G. Howe and American Missionaries in Greece, 1827–1830".

11360:(in Greek). Vol. II. Vikelea Library, Association of Regional Associations of Regional Municipalities. pp. 333–436. 6798: 6541: 5836: 5642: 5582:

executive in Tripolitsa. However, a second executive, supported by the islanders, the Roumeliotes, and some Achaean notables—

5104:

was initiated into the Filiki Etairia in 1818 and had promised to aid the cause of the Greek Helladites with food and money.

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took part in the revolutionary struggle and later documented some of the first histories of the Greek Revolution in English.

3059: 2979:, and mountainous regions in Epirus, came under Ottoman rule in the 15th century. During the following centuries, there were 2570: 1625: 12244:

History of modern Hellenism, Volume V: The Great Greek Revolution (1821–1829) – Its preconditions and foundations, 1813–1822

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Theophilus C. Prousis, "Smyrna in 1821: A Russian View", 1992, History Faculty Publications. 16, University of North Florida

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in France further delayed the final settlement of the new kingdom's frontiers until a new government was formed in Britain.

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whose military engineers also helped rebuild the Peloponnese, were accompanied by seventeen distinguished scientists of the

20964: 20164: 20132: 19980: 17035: 16792: 16587: 15859: 14500: 14127: 13454: 13421: 13059: 13019: 6218:, and that his actions had gravely compromised the Ottoman ability to resist Russian encroachment. At a social event, King 6092: 5933: 5929: 5864: 5856: 5441:, who annihilated Dramali Pasha's army at Dervenakia, became the hero of the hour, attracting much praise all over Greece. 4772: 4628: 4624: 4548: 3786: 3774: 3639: 2810: 295: 17: 10879: 6984:

After nearly four hundred years of foreign rule, Greeks often used music and poetry as a means of empowerment in the war.

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conflicts lasted for many days. The Ottomans launched sporadic attacks towards the city while the revolutionaries, led by

20437: 19908: 17759: 17399: 17186: 16830: 15870: 15711: 15322: 15067: 14460: 14197: 13479: 12938: 12911: 12213:Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος Δ′: Τουρκοκρατία 1669–1812 – Η οικονομική άνοδος και ο φωτισμός του γένους (Έκδοση Β′) 11356:

Detorakis, Theocharis (1988). "Η Τουρκοκρατία στην Κρήτη ("Turkish rule in Crete")". In Panagiotakis, Nikolaos M. (ed.).

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were dominant. The Turks massacred Greeks identified with the revolution, especially in Anatolia, Crete, Constantinople,

6510: 5818:(Perseverance), which astonished the Greeks to see a ship powered by steam and did not move either via sail or oars. The 1935: 11223:

The Greek War of Independence: The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression and the Birth of the Modern Greek Nation

3414:, the French Revolution and romantic nationalism. Educated and influential members of the large Greek diaspora, such as 20949: 20725: 20709: 20613: 20557: 19879: 19340: 17567: 17335: 17224: 16951: 16781: 16626: 16021: 15273: 13469: 13464: 13436: 12926: 12515: 12430: 12050: 12002: 11894: 11860: 11801: 11666: 11473: 11454: 11132: 11047: 10623: 9497: 9261: 8820: 8553: 8072: 7997: 7574: 7536: 7501: 6894: 6313: 6265: 5444: 5166: 4632: 4251: 3035: 2711: 2228: 329: 162: 5578:

assuming his position. His attitude towards Mavrokordatos caused outrage amongst the members of the legislative body.

20974: 20821: 20770: 18933: 17430: 16787: 16772: 15885: 15840: 15771: 15766: 15463: 13507: 13474: 13110: 12931: 12882: 12863: 12186:Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος Γ′: Τουρκοκρατία 1453–1669 – Οι αγώνες για την πίστη και την ελευθερία (Έκδοση Β′) 6872: 6392: 6061: 6023: 5647: 5500: 5041: 4295: 3627: 3492:

along with his co-conspirators. All of them were strangled to death in June 1798 and their bodies were dumped in the

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Meanwhile, Greek intellectuals and humanists, who had migrated west before or during the Ottoman invasions, such as

20969: 17410: 17405: 17237: 17154: 16684: 15436: 5844:, they were confronted by a group of Maniot women and repelled. Ibrahim again attempted to enter Mani from central 5414:

Chians enslaved by Kara Ali, who was planning on selling them on the slave markets when he reached Constantinople.

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In times of militarily weak central authority, the Balkan countryside became infested by groups of bandits called "

2904: 2109: 2089: 15850: 12868: 6764: 5740: 5173:

From the early stages of the revolution, success at sea was vital for the Greeks. When they failed to counter the

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The Greek cause began to draw support not only from the large Greek merchant diaspora in both Western Europe and

3235:, the predominantly Greek hierarchy of the Patriarchate enjoyed control over the Empire's Orthodox subjects (the 3209: 3205: 3090: 3073:, and turned the tide in favor of the revolutionaries. In 1828, the Egyptian army withdrew under pressure from a 2169: 1615: 20276: 15102: 14614: 12267:Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος ΣΤ′: Η Μεγάλη Ελληνική Επανάσταση (1821–1829) – Η εσωτερική κρίση (1822–1825) 12217:

History of modern Hellenism, Volume IV: Turkish rule 1669–1812 – Economic upturn and enlightenment of the nation

12159:Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος B′: Οι ιστορικές βάσεις της νεοελληνικής κοινωνίας και οικονομίας (Έκδοση Β′) 4451: 21004: 20994: 20389: 20325: 20076: 17065: 16602: 14579: 13667: 12896: 12364: 12341: 12120: 12101: 12082: 11983: 11935: 11913: 11835: 11727: 11681: 11648: 11619: 11577: 11558: 11522: 11499: 11435: 11315: 11293: 11270: 11251: 11230: 11151: 11113: 11071: 7672: 6475:, after having demanded that they unconditionally submit to his authority. When they refused, Kapodistrias put 5023: 4366:. By the end of 1821, the revolutionaries had managed to temporarily secure their positions in Central Greece. 3998: 2629: 2218: 2213: 2035: 21019: 20869: 20861: 20341: 4463:

to fight with the Greeks. The largest contingents came from the German states, France and the Italian states.

3785:

helped insurgent Greece to float two loans in 1824 (£800,000) and 1825 (£2,000,000). The Scottish philhellene

3662:, and other local pashas to leave their provinces and campaign against the rebel force. At the same time, the 20717: 20597: 20485: 20405: 20381: 18963: 18229: 18120: 17208: 17134: 16591: 16489: 15855: 14971: 14913: 13258: 12974: 12959: 6596: 6572:, Macedonia and the Aegean islands. They also massacred unarmed Greeks in places which did not revolt, as in 3951: 3782: 3329:

formed a provincial elite, though not a social class, whose members would muster under a common goal. As the

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History of modern Hellenism, Volume VI: The Great Greek Revolution (1821–1829) – Internal Crisis (1822–1825)

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and Gerontas, the Revolution was threatened with collapse until the intervention of the Great Powers in the

20421: 20260: 19991: 18445: 17440: 17331: 16879: 16745: 16597: 16317: 16013: 15826: 13907: 12673: 11366: 8464: 6945: 6842: 6096: 5871:. To break the siege, an attack was launched on Reshid Pasha on 18 August 1826 led by the guerrilla leader 5727:

off the coast of Messenia. With the Greeks in disarray, Ibrahim ravaged the Western Peloponnese and killed

3231:, as the higher clergy of the Orthodox Church was mostly of Greek origin. Thus, as a result of the Ottoman 2783: 2738: 2701: 2689: 2634: 45: 19967: 15509: 12493: 11202: 8810: 20477: 20357: 19844: 18858: 18847: 18650: 17826: 17321: 17194: 17075: 17024: 16967: 16919: 16899: 16735: 16499: 16471: 15574: 15403: 15376: 14869: 14530: 13937: 13532: 13319: 13155: 13130: 13080: 13049: 12652: 12356: 11923: 11766: 6128: 5720: 5553:

in late December 1821, consisting almost exclusively of Peloponnesian notables. The Assembly drafted the

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Later, however, as Greece became embroiled in a civil war, the Sultan called upon his strongest subject,

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Constantinople on 27 July 1821, after the Greek massacres in the city and the hanging of the Patriarch.

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The Greek fleet was primarily outfitted by prosperous Aegean islanders, principally from the islands of

4792:

Filiki Eteria were speedily to take root. The leader and coordinator of the revolution in Macedonia was

2991:(Society of Friends) was founded with the aim of liberating Greece. It planned to launch revolts in the 1454: 1150: 20989: 20984: 20979: 20661: 20333: 19871: 19860: 19375: 19262: 19187: 18959: 18911: 18132: 17789: 17350: 17286: 17140: 16704: 16700: 16696: 16692: 16688: 16607: 15979: 15909: 15726: 14899: 14594: 14042: 13752: 13054: 13044: 12921: 12783: 12692: 7015:

and showcase their respect for the lives that were lost during the four hundred years of Ottoman rule.

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two days later. When the revolution began, most of the Christian population of Athens fled to Salamis.

4088: 3981:

Alexander Ypsilantis, accompanied by his brother Nicholas and a remnant of his followers, retreated to

3943: 3909: 3848: 3394: 2956:, while the Ottomans were aided by their North African vassals. The war led to the formation of modern 2723: 2718: 2162: 2134: 1712: 1620: 1539: 1399: 698: 79: 15072: 15051: 12073:

Trudgill, Peter (2000). "Greece and European Turkey". In Barbour, Stephen; Carmichael, Cathie (eds.).

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Georgiades–Arnakis, G. (September 1952). "The Greek Church of Constantinople and the Ottoman Empire".

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on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are

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After Hasan's accidental death in February 1823, another son-in-law of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Hussein

3896:, Ypsilantis issued a proclamation calling all Greeks and Christians to rise up against the Ottomans: 3810:

Byron organized funds and supplies (including the provision of several ships), but died from fever at

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rule for 30 years, and remained in turmoil from then on and throughout the 17th century, as bands of

3174: 3086: 3004: 2980: 2830: 2624: 2031: 1610: 15107: 8091:, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1972, pp. 59–61 of the Greek edition, "Themelio", Athens. 6725:

The newly established Greek state would pursue further expansion and, over the course of a century,

20959: 20954: 20901: 20877: 20581: 20533: 20156: 19927: 18993: 18658: 18347: 18290: 17750: 17710: 17395: 17354: 17242: 16957: 16947: 16751: 16621: 16527: 16395: 16387: 16285: 16213: 16079: 15998: 15984: 15776: 15696: 14818: 14728: 14713: 14584: 14520: 14465: 14387: 14292: 14022: 13982: 13967: 13386: 13304: 12758: 12712: 11852: 7285: 7190: 6994:(1798–1857) was another national poet inspired by the Greek War of Independence. Solomos wrote the 6914: 5885: 5813: 5422: 5330: 4608: 4587: 3931:, where he arrived in early April after some weeks delay, he decided that he could not rely on the 3497: 3268: 3158: 2013: 1961: 1534: 970: 674: 413: 19959: 15213: 14540: 6810: 6041:

condition that the latter respected the Christian subjects of the Empire. The Commissioner of the

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The initial Greek successes were soon put in peril after two subsequent defeats at the battles of

3814:

in 1824. Byron's death strengthened European sympathy for the Greek cause. His poetry, along with

20853: 20837: 20685: 20549: 20541: 20349: 20284: 20252: 20172: 19147: 19056: 18873: 18355: 17706: 17571: 17464: 17385: 17030: 16853: 16616: 16522: 16443: 16417: 16399: 16391: 16353: 16277: 16273: 16217: 15918: 15904: 15806: 15741: 15640: 15308: 14798: 14695: 14639: 14485: 14397: 14032: 13912: 13594: 13512: 13314: 12190:

History of modern Hellenism, Volume III: Turkish rule 1453–1669 – Struggles for faith and freedom

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had the honor of terminating the war which his brother had commenced on the banks of the Pruth."

6186: 6079: 6010: 5876: 5384: 5012: 4304: 4099: 3877: 3679: 3232: 3143: 3011: 2996: 2773: 2428: 2067: 1986: 1873: 1595: 1104: 965: 958: 953: 944: 935: 915: 895: 883: 871: 853: 844: 835: 823: 811: 791: 779: 759: 723: 711: 702: 693: 681: 669: 657: 645: 633: 624: 367: 349: 139: 20525: 20365: 15280: 15228: 12163:

History of modern Hellenism, Volume II: The historical basis of modern Greek society and economy

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Textures and Meanings: Thirty Years of Judaic Studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst

8545: 6144:), whose expedition to the Peloponnese precipitated European intervention in the Greek conflict. 5658: 20917: 20885: 20813: 20757: 20629: 20317: 20188: 20084: 19768: 19308: 19178: 19157: 19139: 18939: 18839: 18646: 18245: 17507: 17455: 17370: 17104: 17089: 17005: 16661: 16421: 16309: 16305: 16297: 16293: 16289: 16071: 15683: 15678: 15650: 15396: 14894: 14187: 14077: 14057: 14052: 14037: 14027: 13922: 13902: 13887: 13852: 13802: 13727: 13682: 13672: 13657: 13537: 13527: 13522: 13309: 12999: 12488: 11633: 11483: 9043: 8999: 7239: 6532:, also signed by the Great Powers, which ratified the terms of the Constantinople arrangement. 6529: 6476: 6396: 6385: 6235: 6150: 5897: 5787: 5772: 5760:, placed his ships in a position which looked like he would assist in the defence of the city. 5687: 5595: 5536: 5438: 5286: 5236: 5185: 4934: 4911: 4801: 4744: 4652: 4180: 4149: 4133: 4079:), where chieftains and prelates from all over the Peloponnese assembled on 26 January. There, 3927:, Ypsilantis remained in Iaşi and ordered the executions of several pro-Ottoman Moldavians. In 3885: 3642:, a Phanariote serving in the Russian army as general and adjutant to Alexander, who accepted. 3480:

nations—including the Turks of the region—and the creation of a "Balkan Republic". Arrested by

3127: 3082: 3055: 3019: 2965: 2433: 2332: 2233: 2129: 1564: 1414: 1218: 1162: 716: 662: 397: 75: 20244: 19895: 11974:

Svoronos, Nikos (2004). "The Ideology of the Organization and of the Survival of the Nation".

8664: 5285:

At the same time, conventional naval actions were also fought, at which naval commanders like

4397:

had executed at random various prominent Greeks living in Constantinople, such as the serving

3150:

by the Turks, a name that referred to the large mass of non-Muslim subjects under the Ottoman

3007:. However, the plans were discovered by the Ottoman authorities, forcing it to start earlier. 20781: 20669: 20565: 20108: 19752: 19330: 19197: 19104: 18921: 18681: 18412: 18249: 17702: 17676: 17534: 17425: 17419: 17316: 17291: 17281: 17099: 17071: 16810: 16710: 16413: 16301: 16269: 15347: 15287: 15182: 15087: 15036: 15031: 14986: 14950: 14377: 14362: 14322: 14297: 14217: 14177: 14087: 13942: 13927: 13892: 13677: 12717: 12625: 12590: 7526: 7483:

New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence: Myths, Realities, Legacies and Reflections

7471: 7393:

St. Clair characterizes the Greek War of Independence as "a series of opportunist massacres".

6647: 6555: 6460: 6277: 6245: 6231: 6133: 5937: 5610: 5294: 5263: 5232: 4973: 4891: 4873: 4675: 4398: 3958: 3803: 3651: 3243: 3051: 2960:, which would be expanded to its modern size in later years. The revolution is celebrated by 2805: 2753: 2733: 2671: 2651: 2646: 2480: 2360: 2355: 2327: 2322: 1517: 1206: 1026: 20140: 14884: 3973: 1174: 20653: 20517: 19151: 19143: 19134: 19114: 18800: 18460: 18450: 18417: 18351: 17931: 17841: 17740: 17652: 17555: 17539: 17182: 17150: 17010: 16909: 16884: 16731: 16377: 16323: 16209: 15894: 15781: 15731: 15655: 15645: 15589: 15584: 15559: 15479: 15167: 14955: 14874: 14808: 14803: 14676: 14644: 14560: 14550: 14515: 14445: 14382: 14342: 14252: 14157: 14067: 14002: 13992: 13977: 13947: 13867: 13857: 13837: 13827: 13822: 13737: 13722: 13702: 13687: 13662: 13637: 13416: 13398: 13379: 13268: 13140: 13090: 12906: 11196: 7479: 7165: 7000:, now the national anthem, in 1823, two years after the Greeks started the war against the 6719: 6627:) or as separate atrocities, which started simultaneously with the outbreak of the revolt. 6592: 6472: 6456: 6442: 6321: 6257: 6249: 6161: 6141: 6053: 5952: 5889: 5872: 5768: 5703: 5465: 5434: 5430: 5406: 5302: 5271: 5217: 5138: 5126:"I have in my mind to slaughter the Greeks in Cyprus, to hang them, to not leave a soul..." 5101: 5066: 5058: 4942: 4616: 4603: 4591: 4442: 4313: 4168: 3963: 3858: 3671: 3619: 3454: 3411: 3370: 2763: 2758: 2540: 2517: 2418: 2370: 2317: 2312: 2281: 2104: 2022: 1968: 1559: 1522: 1429: 1100: 990: 900: 888: 728: 650: 638: 620: 567: 283: 20925: 19919: 17114: 11848:

The Greek Fire: American-Ottoman Relations and Democratic Fervor in the Age of Revolutions

11035:

See the sources listed and the discussion of the revolution in Gallant, Thomas W. (2015).

10616:

The French Expedition to the Morea (Work of the French Scientific Expedition to the Morea)

6364:, and, despite Kapodistrias' efforts, the new state would include only the islands of the 6260:. Kapodistrias took advantage of the Russo-Turkish war and sent troops of the reorganised 6107:, sailed into the Gulf of Argos and requested to meet with Greek representatives on board 5177:, it was able to resupply the isolated Ottoman garrisons and land reinforcements from the 3912:

and a member of Filiki Etaireia, set his guard at Ypsilantis' disposal. In the meanwhile,

8: 20236: 20180: 20148: 19494: 19412: 19407: 19192: 19076: 18389: 18312: 18217: 17528: 17460: 17214: 17200: 17061: 16904: 16802: 16777: 16741: 15961: 15674: 15635: 15499: 15494: 15162: 14981: 14976: 14945: 14854: 14788: 14758: 14753: 14743: 14545: 14525: 14317: 14262: 14242: 14112: 13962: 13932: 13877: 13872: 13862: 13842: 13812: 13747: 13707: 13652: 13607: 13517: 13497: 13248: 13145: 13024: 12877: 12773: 12678: 12476:

The Question of Greek Independence: A Study of British Policy in the Near East, 1821–1833

12334:

The Greek Nation, 1453–1669: the Cultural and Economic Background of Modern Greek Society

8252:"Twenty-five Lectures on Modern Balkan History: The Greek Revolution and the Greek State" 7083: 6612: 6464: 6345: 6074: 6066: 5809: 5484: 5469: 5453: 5374: 5345: 5158: 5089: 4756: 4456: 4355: 4351: 4204: 4116:

6 April) by Metropolitan Germanos of Patras, who raised the banner with the cross in the

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on 27 May 1821, when an Ottoman frigate was successfully destroyed by a fire ship under

4682:

of Crete. On 28 May 1822, an Egyptian fleet of 30 warships and 84 transports arrived at

4414:

justifying the murder of Christians by Muslims and refused, he too was promptly killed.

3815: 3798: 3634:, was approached by the Society in order to be named leader but declined the offer; the 2555: 21024: 20845: 20789: 20201: 19773: 19737: 19354: 19124: 19109: 18944: 18843: 18830: 18440: 18381: 18373: 18302: 17999: 17559: 17472: 17435: 17375: 17190: 17056: 17051: 16990: 16982: 16649: 15922: 15914: 15890: 15845: 15579: 15545: 15357: 15253: 15192: 15187: 15082: 15006: 14793: 14768: 14763: 14700: 14634: 14609: 14565: 14450: 14407: 14302: 14222: 14202: 14192: 14122: 14072: 14012: 13987: 13957: 13897: 13777: 13762: 13502: 13349: 13324: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13125: 13095: 13075: 12742: 12600: 12305: 12278: 12251: 12224: 12197: 12170: 12143: 12043:

The Manliest Man: Samuel G. Howe and the Contours of Nineteenth Century American Reform

12029: 11962: 11824: 11511: 11488: 11410: 11402: 11282: 9010: 8538: 8281: 7507: 7454: 7381: 7210: 7205: 6965: 6949: 6771: 6726: 6700: 6652: 6624: 6502: 6181: 6123: 5901: 5880: 5749: 5666: 5473: 5314: 5213: 5054: 4981: 4788: 4694: 4536: 4504: 4483: 4438: 4317: 4113: 4103: 4002: 3967: 3947: 3446: 3358: 3186: 3162: 3070: 3031: 2987:, which was never conquered by the Ottomans. In 1814, a secret organization called the 2862: 2798: 2748: 2706: 2676: 2664: 2602: 2577: 2565: 2550: 2535: 2490: 2380: 2365: 2238: 1864: 1668: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1590: 1569: 1464: 1434: 1404: 1253: 1186: 816: 615: 552: 258: 71: 8812:

The Greek War of Independence: The Struggle for Freedom and the Birth of Modern Greece

8259: 6976: 6056:

succeeded Alexander in December 1825, Canning decided to act immediately: he sent the

5574:

was voted, and new members were elected for the executive and the legislative bodies.

4527:

was the first government of an independent state to recognise the Greek independence.

20805: 20677: 20637: 20501: 20060: 20052: 19943: 19797: 19731: 19614: 19239: 19119: 19066: 18997: 18666: 18365: 18278: 18233: 17563: 17450: 17301: 17270: 17164: 17083: 17079: 16726: 16582: 16532: 16483: 16448: 16025: 15746: 15715: 15569: 15564: 15451: 15431: 15294: 15248: 15233: 15172: 15112: 14935: 14773: 14748: 14723: 14624: 14571: 14480: 14352: 14312: 14282: 14212: 14147: 14137: 14097: 14082: 14017: 13972: 13832: 13792: 13692: 13458: 13243: 13160: 13120: 13100: 13085: 13009: 12969: 12954: 12887: 12821: 12790: 12737: 12732: 12620: 12426: 12360: 12337: 12116: 12097: 12078: 12046: 12033: 11998: 11979: 11966: 11931: 11909: 11890: 11856: 11831: 11797: 11723: 11706: 11677: 11662: 11644: 11615: 11609: 11573: 11554: 11537: 11518: 11495: 11469: 11450: 11431: 11414: 11311: 11289: 11266: 11247: 11226: 11172: 11168: 11147: 11128: 11109: 11091: 11067: 11043: 10619: 9493: 9257: 8816: 8549: 8068: 8003: 7993: 7943:

Subalterns and Social Protest: History from Below in the Middle East and North Africa

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Balkanlarda ilk dram: unuttuğumuz Mora Türkleri ve eyaletten bağımsızlığa Yunanistan

6332: 6202:

In Britain, the battle received a mixed reception. The British public, many of them

5702:, to command the Greek Navy and to buy steamships. One of the British philhellenes, 3333:

s position gradually turned into a hereditary one, some captains took care of their

2423: 20044: 19580: 19129: 19001: 18929: 18662: 18634: 18435: 18397: 18343: 18317: 18306: 18237: 18128: 18077: 17831: 17644: 17624: 17360: 17346: 15831: 15670: 15630: 15620: 15550: 15504: 15489: 15474: 15352: 15016: 15001: 14996: 14859: 14718: 14495: 14402: 14332: 14327: 14307: 14277: 14257: 14247: 14182: 14162: 14142: 14117: 14107: 14007: 13952: 13882: 13847: 13797: 13767: 13757: 13732: 13632: 13406: 13200: 13165: 12778: 12768: 12615: 12605: 12475: 12021: 11954: 11880: 11870: 11770: 11394: 11344: 7489: 7200: 6546: 6309: 6290: 6281: 6069:, in which Russian demands concerning Serbia and the principalities were accepted. 5914: 5617: 5609:

The government regrouped its armies, which now consisted mainly of Roumeliotes and

5393: 5201: 5149: 4861: 4797: 4793: 4776: 4612: 4347: 4087:, clashed with most of the civil leaders and members of the senior clergy, such as 3770: 3631: 3588: 3584: 3573: 3217: 3131: 3074: 2825: 2743: 2641: 2609: 2485: 2124: 1896: 1855: 1807: 1775: 1742: 1678: 1673: 1234: 1230: 1072: 876: 840: 800: 768: 732: 271: 17969: 17130: 5984: 5884:

of 1826, the Greek government gave command of its army to the British General Sir

5778:

At the same time, the Turkish armies in Central Greece were besieging the city of

5763: 5212:

with 20 or fewer guns, complemented by squadrons from the Maghrebi vassal states (

4553: 3357:, Thessaly, Epirus and southern Macedonia. To the revolutionary leader and writer 3134:

marked the end of Byzantine sovereignty. After that, the Ottoman Empire ruled the

3018:

were first to declare war. In September 1821, the Greeks, under the leadership of

20469: 20220: 20124: 20116: 19791: 19651: 19534: 19417: 19320: 19233: 19173: 19096: 18989: 18954: 18720: 18670: 18642: 18478: 18470: 18455: 18427: 18321: 17774: 17577: 17168: 16889: 16874: 16755: 16261: 16235: 16061: 15791: 15761: 15609: 15530: 15342: 15301: 15147: 15097: 14991: 14832: 14778: 14671: 14589: 14505: 14412: 14347: 14287: 14237: 14207: 14132: 14062: 13917: 13717: 13697: 13647: 13622: 13617: 13602: 13372: 13253: 13215: 13105: 12891: 12855: 12492: 12482: 12470: 11997:(in Greek). Translated by Aikaterini Asdracha (2007 ed.). Athens: Themelio. 11846: 11162: 11085: 10825: 10806: 9251: 8657: 8062: 7987: 7914: 6996: 6948:

commissioned a symphonic work for the 150th anniversary of the Greek Revolution.

6921: 6757:

Flags used by various admirals of the Revolutionary Navy from an 1823 manuscript.

6734: 6711: 6704: 6604: 6483: 6353: 6297: 6273: 6108: 6015: 5791: 5690:

to Greece in exchange not only for Crete and Cyprus, but for the Peloponnese and

5625: 5613: 5480: 5449: 5410: 5354: 5221: 5162: 4985: 4954: 4817: 4374: 4228: 3990: 3905: 3481: 3450: 3382: 3378: 3023: 2983:

against Ottoman rule. Most uprisings began in the independent Greek realm of the

2887: 2815: 2768: 2684: 2597: 2049: 2004: 1889: 1837: 1693: 1502: 1444: 796: 784: 582: 150: 98: 18294: 15707: 14599: 12012:

Topping, Peter (June 1961). "Greek Historical Writing on the Period 1453–1914".

11568:

Koliopoulos, John S.; Veremis, Thanos M. (2004). "A Regime to Suit the Nation".

11241: 11040:: The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1768 to 1913. The Long Nineteenth Century 3853: 20741: 20733: 20621: 19852: 19747: 19618: 19478: 19301: 19183: 19086: 18969: 18712: 18638: 18591: 18385: 18333: 18262: 18257: 18225: 18124: 18029: 17878: 17769: 17745: 17671: 17547: 17524: 17515: 17415: 17341: 17311: 17305: 16962: 16932: 16927: 16825: 16461: 16457: 16409: 16227: 15835: 15721: 15660: 15540: 15519: 15243: 15238: 15218: 15092: 15077: 14940: 14925: 14917: 14828: 14783: 14738: 14666: 14604: 14535: 14392: 14267: 14227: 14152: 13997: 13807: 13787: 13742: 13627: 13612: 13344: 13273: 13263: 13135: 12727: 12595: 12567: 12558: 11786: 11447:

La fabrique communautaire. Les Grecs à Venise, Livourne et Marseille, 1770–1840

11081: 7310: 7261: 7144: 7062: 7001: 6879: 6790: 6742: 6738: 6600: 6584: 6506: 6430: 6169: 6137: 6104: 6042: 6033: 6002: 5925: 5587: 5583: 5567: 5528: 5418: 5401: 5338: 5279: 5247: 5178: 4946: 4748: 4710: 4664: 4500: 4275: 4052: 3864: 3826: 3794: 3766: 3623: 3612: 3543: 3419: 3299: 3280: 3121: 3098: 3094: 3047: 3000: 2984: 2972: 2961: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2512: 2413: 2403: 2198: 1944: 1846: 1830: 1663: 1554: 1512: 1497: 1181: 1169: 1157: 1145: 1125: 1113: 1095: 1083: 1063: 1051: 1014: 997: 985: 686: 514: 428: 111: 12374:

Speros, Vryonis (2002). "The Ghost of Athens in Byzantine and Ottoman Times".

11958: 11348: 11095: 10514:

The Greek War of Independence The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression

10501:

The Greek War of Independence The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression

10488:

The Greek War of Independence The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression

10446:

The Greek War of Independence The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression

8007: 7493: 6425:

After Kapodistrias' assassination, the 1832 London Conference established the

5851: 5464:

The 1823 campaign in Western Greece was led by Northern Albanian forces under

4045:"Commander Kephalas plants the flag of Liberty upon the walls of Tripolizza" ( 4009:, but by the end of the year the provinces had been pacified by the Ottomans. 20943: 20693: 20068: 19801: 19468: 19422: 19243: 18756: 18724: 18676: 18607: 18407: 18377: 18325: 18286: 18266: 18241: 17861: 17851: 17822: 17736: 17696: 17691: 17666: 17592: 17015: 17000: 16475: 15880: 15801: 15555: 15367: 15259: 15152: 14849: 14422: 14372: 14357: 14337: 14102: 13772: 12763: 12722: 11876:

That Greece Might Still Be Free – The Philhellenes in the War of Independence

11874: 11551:

Brigands with a Cause: Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece, 1821–1912

11303: 10947: 6985: 6498: 6317: 6261: 6203: 6165: 5868: 5197: 5108: 4930: 4516:

180,000 in 2021). In Russia, the St. Petersburg Greek committee under Prince

4394: 4084: 4041: 3994: 3691: 3647: 3604: 3569: 3559: 3547: 3473: 3438: 3343: 2988: 2507: 2440: 2152: 1225: 1213: 1201: 863: 751: 595: 537: 497: 244: 12397: 11541: 4450:

to book a passage to Greece and join the revolution. The French philhellene

3957:

At that point, Kapodistrias, the foreign minister of Russia, was ordered by

1348: 20829: 20268: 20212: 19742: 19071: 18728: 18700: 18563: 18527: 18483: 18337: 18298: 18282: 18270: 18186: 18162: 18100: 18021: 17921: 17913: 17784: 17610: 17468: 16553: 16541: 16199: 16101: 15992: 15665: 15594: 15117: 14510: 14490: 14440: 14172: 12707: 12668: 12416: 12132:Ιστορία του νέου ελληνισμού, Τόμος Α′: Αρχές και διαμόρφωσή του (Έκδοση Β′) 11176: 6745:

and other Greek-speaking territories would unite with the new Greek state.

6620: 6357: 6215: 6207: 5841: 5683: 5570:. Central governance was strengthened at the expense of regional bodies, a 5310: 5255: 5174: 4784: 4747:

landed in Crete with 700 men and in the following March took possession of

4663:

had a long history of resisting Turkish rule, exemplified by the folk hero

4655:, commander of the campaign to Crete, was killed in Frangokastello in 1828. 4595: 4137: 4091:, who were sceptical and demanded guarantees about a Russian intervention. 4072: 4064: 3659: 3197: 3151: 3039: 1902: 1130: 904: 172: 53: 11710: 6482:

The withdrawal of Leopold as a candidate for the throne of Greece and the

6206:, were overjoyed at the outcome of the battle which all but confirmed the 5905:

Greece, which was being debated by Russian, French and British diplomats.

3038:

broke out, but were suppressed. Greek fleets achieved success against the

20909: 20020: 19691: 19655: 19524: 19438: 19037: 18984: 18868: 18716: 18587: 18583: 18539: 18535: 18523: 18503: 18495: 18491: 18329: 18142: 18104: 18047: 18037: 17909: 17905: 17901: 17794: 17620: 17600: 17380: 17172: 16893: 16549: 16545: 16349: 15928: 15223: 14864: 14167: 14092: 13712: 12580: 7220: 7215: 6675: 6668: 6664: 5960: 5779: 5728: 5426: 4809: 4648: 4343: 4283: 4279: 4216: 4188: 4080: 4060: 3822: 3811: 3663: 3600: 3423: 3248: 3182: 3066: 3003:. The insurrection was planned for 25 March 1821; the Orthodox Christian 2992: 2835: 2058: 1258: 1088: 764: 742: 146: 18629: 11812: 11695: 11329: 10870:, (Heinemann Educational Publishers; 7th edition, September 1982) p. 219 6256:

In October 1828, the Greeks regrouped and formed a new government under

6073:

of the pro-Greek feelings of the French people, and partly because King

5519: 5433:

crossed Roumeli and invaded Morea, but suffered a serious defeat in the

5325: 4638: 3220:, which was a nuisance for the Ottoman navy; during the war klephts and 2882: 19676: 19565: 19081: 18949: 18819: 18815: 18788: 18611: 18559: 18555: 18487: 18369: 18178: 18174: 18170: 18138: 18033: 17995: 17979: 17925: 17726: 17636: 17158: 16564: 16559: 16537: 16265: 16221: 16147: 16143: 16139: 15484: 14455: 12964: 12873: 12640: 12635: 11945:

Stoianovich, Traian (1960). "The Conquering Balkan Orthodox Merchant".

11406: 6083: 5757: 5724: 5367: 5154: 5026: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4829: 4607:

Central Greece (November 1821) under the leadership of two Phanariots:

4511:

sent the Greeks 50 barrels of salted meat while the Greek Committee in

4455:

volunteers travelled to Greece. From the United States came the doctor

4447: 4220: 4212: 4121: 4094: 3178: 3043: 2857: 2450: 2289: 1749: 940: 11885: 7555:, 'The Dark Age of Greece (1453–1800)', p. 113, Faber and Faber (1968) 4670:

Despite the Turkish reaction the rebellion persisted, and thus Sultan

3130:

on 29 May 1453 and the subsequent fall of the successor states of the

19727: 19701: 19509: 18796: 18784: 18760: 18690: 18654: 18619: 18579: 18571: 18551: 18511: 18253: 18206: 18198: 18158: 18150: 18096: 18071: 18007: 17965: 17953: 17804: 17779: 17686: 17656: 17551: 16815: 16361: 16255: 16239: 16159: 16125: 16057: 16049: 16033: 14844: 14690: 14272: 12647: 12575: 11427: 11263:

International Politics and the Middle East: Old Rules, Dangerous Game

11106:

Irregular Armed Forces and Their Role in Politics and State Formation

7958:

Nation-States and Nationalisms: Organization, Ideology and Solidarity

7928:

Irregular Armed Forces and their Role in Politics and State Formation

7458: 7314: 6953: 6381: 6219: 6211: 5956: 5550: 5254:), which had proven themselves effective for the Psarians during the 5243: 4969: 4953:; they decided that the insurrection should be based on three towns: 4825: 4718: 4683: 4671: 4196: 4184: 4125: 4117: 4083:, a pro-revolution priest who presented himself as representative of 3932: 3928: 3881: 3596: 3441:; intellectual, revolutionary and forerunner of the Greek Revolution. 3295: 3263: 2470: 2408: 2099: 1056: 828: 384: 231: 67: 19254: 7011:

To this day, many songs are sung by Greeks worldwide on 25 March to

5993: 5001: 4239: 3920: 3488:

in 1797, he was handed over to Ottoman officials and transported to

3399: 19681: 19585: 19575: 19025: 19009: 19005: 18810: 18780: 18776: 18768: 18764: 18736: 18708: 18615: 18575: 18543: 18519: 18507: 18182: 18114: 18108: 18067: 18041: 18025: 18011: 17987: 17961: 17949: 17886: 17882: 17874: 17660: 17640: 17615: 17605: 17204: 17144: 16403: 16383: 16369: 16155: 16089: 14686: 12025: 11398: 7664:

Creating East and West: Renaissance humanists and the Ottoman Turks

7472:"War of Greek Independence | History, Facts, & Combatants" 6972:, whose first and second stanzas became the national anthem in 1865 6468: 6455:

By one of the protocols, the Greek throne was initially offered to

6369: 6365: 6305: 6285: 5867:. By the middle of August, only the Acropolis still held out under 5799: 5753: 5563: 4962: 4915: 4903: 4899: 4886: 4722: 4705: 4491: 4363: 4267: 4224: 4176: 4172: 4164: 3893: 3489: 3311: 3139: 3093:, which defined the final borders of the new state and established 2502: 1338:

Haiti was the first nation to recognize the independence of Greece.

158: 154: 59: 18686: 12447: 12401: 9539:

La marine ottomane, de l'apogée à la chute de l'Empire (1572–1923)

6939: 6268:. They advanced to seize as much territory as possible, including 5944:

and the peace of Europe. They also pleaded that they maintain the

5510: 4542: 3954:, trying to maintain relations with both Russia and the Ottomans. 19706: 19671: 19642: 19539: 19529: 19519: 19514: 19458: 19367: 19061: 19045: 19033: 19029: 19021: 19017: 18792: 18772: 18732: 18595: 18531: 18515: 18190: 18089: 18081: 18003: 17991: 17957: 17937: 17917: 17870: 17763: 17731: 17721: 17628: 17020: 16365: 16357: 16281: 16247: 16243: 16179: 16171: 16113: 16105: 16083: 16041: 16029: 15372: 12630: 11641:

Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430–1950

7185: 6864: 6833: 6710:

Shortly after the war ended, the people of the Russian-dependent

6636: 6195: 5951:

Metternich also tried to undermine the Russian foreign minister,

5845: 5621: 5591: 5477: 5472:, and Southern Albanian forces under Omer Vrioni from the former 5205: 5189: 5112: 4856: 4698: 4467: 4358:

a Turkish relief army on its way to Vrioni, the latter abandoned

4263: 4259: 4160: 4153: 3986: 3939: 3485: 3477: 3213: 3201: 3135: 3015: 2976: 2465: 2398: 1134: 219: 15388: 12136:

History of modern Hellenism, Volume I: Its origins and formation

11608:

McGregor, Andrew James (2006). "Egypt in the Greek Revolution".

6416: 5940:

shared the same view concerning the necessity of preserving the

5679: 4433:. Haiti was the first state to recognise the Greek independence. 3889: 3445:

Crucial for the development of the Greek national idea were the

3388: 2944:

between 1821 and 1829. In 1826, the Greeks were assisted by the

20308: 19570: 19499: 19385: 19286: 18853: 18748: 18623: 18603: 18599: 18567: 18547: 18499: 18202: 18194: 18166: 18154: 18146: 18085: 18063: 17941: 17893: 17716: 17648: 17632: 17520: 17176: 16479: 16373: 16339: 16335: 16331: 16313: 16205: 16187: 16183: 16151: 16093: 16053: 16045: 16037: 15988: 15419: 12585: 12459: 11324:

Dakin, Douglas. "The Origins of the Greek Revolution of 1821."

11240:

Bridge, F.R.; Bullen, Roger (2005). "Every Nation for Itself".

8447:"The Three Holy Hierarchs Monastery – A glimpse on its history" 7368: 7318: 7273: 7005: 6786: 6573: 6569: 6560: 6301: 6269: 5259: 4977: 4907: 4881: 4877: 4865: 4752: 4741: 4734: 4407: 4403: 4359: 4255: 4200: 4192: 4129: 4076: 4034: 3608: 3583:

Feraios' martyrdom was to inspire three young Greek merchants:

3577: 3493: 3354: 3307: 3288: 3276: 3190: 2957: 2460: 290: 198: 115: 11630:

The Eastern Question An Historical Study In European Diplomacy

5373:

On 11 April 1822, the Ottoman fleet, under the Kapitan Pasha,

5366:

From October 1820 to July 1823, the Ottomans were at war with

4167:. The same day, a force of 2,000 Maniots under the command of 3500:

and served as a rallying cry for Greeks against Ottoman rule.

19638: 19605: 19555: 19504: 19473: 19051: 19041: 19013: 18979: 18974: 18916: 18804: 18740: 18704: 18051: 17897: 16465: 16343: 16327: 16231: 16195: 16175: 16163: 16133: 16129: 16121: 16117: 16109: 16097: 16067: 15933: 11567: 11164:

Hellenic Independence and America's Contribution to the Cause

11032:Απομνημονεύματα Μακρυγιάννη – εκδοση Γιάννη Βλαχογιάννη 1908. 10892:

Hellenic Independence and America's Contribution to the Cause

10618:, Melissa Publishing House, Greek and French Edition (2012). 8588:, p. 19, who also cites (footnote 3) Germanos of Old Patras, 8318:

Robert Zegger, "Greek Independence and the London Committee"

6817: 6730: 6524:

and the other representatives of the Great Powers signed the

6377: 6373: 6361: 6349: 6239: 6087: 6013:, which launched European intervention in the Greek conflict. 5691: 5378: 5298: 5275: 5193: 4813: 4660: 4627:

in the west. The three local statutes were recognized by the

4524: 4430: 3346:

to try repeatedly, though unsuccessfully, to eliminate them.

3252: 3170: 3147: 3027: 168: 12327:] (in Greek). Thessaloniki: Emm. Sfakianakis & Sons. 11464:

Hitchins, Keith (1996). "The Beginnings of a Modern State".

6961: 5908: 5200:. The total Ottoman fleet size consisted of 20 three-masted 4918:, Mount Athos and Thasos subsequently surrendered on terms. 4381:

against the Greek population of Constantinople, April 1821.

19711: 19696: 19686: 19560: 18752: 18744: 18057: 18017: 17983: 17945: 16251: 16191: 11737:

Papageorgiou, Stephanos P. "The First Year of Freedom". In

11700: 10456: 10454: 7989:

Politics and Statecraft in the Kingdom of Greece, 1833–1843

6175: 5209: 5208:

with 50 guns, 5 corvettes with about 30 guns and around 40

3873: 2497: 14630:

Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa

12422:

The Greek Revolution: 1821 and the Making of Modern Europe

11376:

Frazee, Charles A. (1969). "The Year of Revolution 1821".

10642: 10440: 10438: 10295: 10293: 10185: 10183: 10156: 10154: 10072: 10070: 9995: 9993: 9901: 9899: 9721: 9719: 9640: 9638: 9018:"A Letter from Jean-Pierre Boyer to Greek Revolutionaries" 5425:

inflicted much punishment on an Ottoman army commanded by

4910:. However, Pappas died en route to join the revolution at 3611:, an important center of the Greek mercantile diaspora in 3224:(guerilla fighters in mountainous areas) rose once again. 3085:

of February 1830. Further negotiations in 1832 led to the

19842: 19463: 16167: 12537: 12393: 12113:

History of Macedonia, 1354–1833 (translated by P. Megann)

11904:

Stavrianos, L.S. (2000). "Age of Nationalism 1815–1878".

11672:

Miller, William (1966). "The War of Greek Independence".

11449:. École française d'Athènes and École française de Rome. 11243:

The Great Powers and the European States System 1814–1914

10280: 10278: 10276: 10274: 10272: 10259: 10257: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10051: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9076: 9074: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8867: 8865: 8804: 8802: 8064:

Russia and the Making of Modern Greek Identity, 1821–1844

7403:

that they were practically helpless in times of trouble."

5242:

In the face of this situation, the Greeks decided to use

4968:

In March 1822, Mehmed Emin secured decisive victories at

4725:, and attempted to spread the insurgency further afield. 4690: 4561:

with symbols of faith, charity (heart), and hope (anchor)

11765: 11755:

Tzakis, Dionysis. "The Military Events (1822–1824)". In

10451: 9510: 7631:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

7330:

Re'âyâ. An Arabic word meaning "flock" or "herd animal".

6958:

was premiered on 27 October 1971 at the 6th "Demetria".

6022:) co-signed the Treaty of London, and then launched the 5358:, which later became the National Greek anthem, in 1823. 4972:

and Kastania. Further north, in the vicinity of Naousa,

11288:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10435: 10290: 10180: 10151: 10067: 9990: 9896: 9716: 9635: 8690:

Vakalopoulos, "The Great Greek Revolution", pp. 327–331

8600: 8598: 7985: 7825: 7321:

in Epirus, which had never been completely subjugated".

6671:, i.e., the goal of uniting all Greeks in one country. 6667:" Greeks of the Ottoman Empire, in accordance with the 5686:

ambitions. Muhammad Ali finally agreed to send his son

5624:

and raided the province; the second under Karaiskakis,

4733:("Our Lady the piratess")—St Mary as the patron of the 4159:

On 17 March 1821, war was declared on the Turks by the

3062:, Athens also fell and revolutionary morale decreased. 11722:(in Greek). Vol. III. Athens: Ellinika Grammata. 11142:

Bisaha, Nancy (2006). "Byzantium and Greek Refugees".

10654: 10269: 10254: 10235: 10048: 9597: 9585: 9544: 9071: 8967: 8948: 8878: 8862: 8799: 3599:

and profiting from their own experience as members of

3534:

Another influential Greek writer and intellectual was

29:

Greek rebellion against the Ottoman Empire (1821–1829)

11201:. University of Massachusetts Amherst. Archived from 10798:, pp. 462–463. The new boundaries are defined in the 9469: 9467: 7569:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 169. 5803:

gunpowder rather than be enslaved. The news that the

5494: 4639:

Revolutionary activity in Crete, Macedonia and Cyprus

11794:

The Greek revolution of 1821 : a European event

9489:

The Greek Revolution and the Making of Modern Europe

8595: 8309:, pp. 21–26. Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1909. 7898: 7896: 7309:

Adanir refers to the "mountainous districts such as

6908:

Very widespread flag used by all the revolutionaries

3314:(r. 1421–1451). The distinction between klephts and 543: 11239: 10763:. Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from 10708:. Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from 9111:* Papageorgiou, "First Year of Freedom", pp. 67–70. 9044:"Haiti and the Greek revolution | Neos Kosmos" 8704:* Papageorgiou, "First Year of Freedom", pp. 63–64. 8645:

Archives de l'Ain – un site du Département de l'Ain

7478:Cartledge, Yianni; Varnava, Andrekos, eds. (2022). 6699:Whereas previously only large nations (such as the 6479:in jail, sparking vows of vengeance from his clan. 3670:" in opposition to revolutions in the aftermath of 3196:The first great uprising was the Russian-sponsored 11823: 11661:, Washington & London: Academica Press, 2020, 11510: 11487: 11384: 11281: 9464: 8537: 8322:(April 1970), Vol. 20 Issue 4, pp. 236–245 online. 8087:From the Greek translation of Svoronos (Nicolas), 7633:, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, (2004) 7613: 7611: 5231:"The burning of the Ottoman frigate at Eressos by 4615:in the eastern part. These assemblies adopted two 3946:and assist the Greek cause. The Pandur leader was 3010:The first revolt began on 21 February 1821 in the 12503:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). pp. 493–496. 11042:(Vol. 9). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 10954:, (Edward Arnold, London, 1936 & 1965) p. 882 10537: 10535: 10024: 10022: 8757:Papageorgiou, "First Year of Freedom", pp. 64–66. 8735:Papageorgiou, "First Year of Freedom", pp. 60–62. 8428: 8426: 8201: 8199: 7893: 6583:Some of the more infamous atrocities include the 6340:as laid down in the Treaty of 1832 (in dark blue) 5417:In July 1822, the Greeks and philhellenes at the 3349:By the time of the War of Independence, powerful 20941: 10781:* See the full text of the Protocol in Dodsley, 9232: 9230: 9138: 9136: 9134: 9132: 8335:New Haven, Yale University Press, vol. 2, p. 284 8122:* Trudgill, "Greece and European Turkey", p. 241 7807:Greek Historical Writing on the Period 1453–1914 7783:* Trudgill, "Greece and European Turkey", p. 241 7528:Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire 7481:Yianni Cartledge & Andrekos Varnava (eds.), 7477: 7426:"The Italians Who Fought for Greek Independence" 7357:serving as personal bodyguards and rural police. 7019:Music inspired by the Greek War of Independence 6356:of the Sultan. The proposed borderline ran from 5305:in 1824, or the landing of the Egyptian army at 5280:massacre of the island's population in June 1822 4898:by the Psarian fleet, which took them mainly to 448: 11756: 11747: 11738: 11717: 11589:"Greek Auditors in the Courses of Jean Lamarck" 11513:History of the Balkans, 18th and 19th centuries 10970: 10687:The Great Powers and the European States System 10368:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 339–340. 9948:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 291–292. 9922:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 290–291. 9893:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 289–290. 9848:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 235–236. 9632:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 163–164. 9619:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 166–167. 8846:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 135–137. 8770:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 100–101. 8681:* Papageorgiou, "First Year of Freedom", p. 60. 7608: 6940:Music inspired by the Greek War of Independence 6714:, encouraged by the Greek victory, started the 4543:First administrative and political institutions 4490:the Ottoman Empire. A young medical student in 3603:organizations, they founded in 1814 the secret 14556:Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance 12219:] (in Greek) (2nd ed.). Thessaloniki. 12192:] (in Greek) (2nd ed.). Thessaloniki. 12165:] (in Greek) (2nd ed.). Thessaloniki. 12138:] (in Greek) (2nd ed.). Thessaloniki. 11746:Theodoridis, Georgios K. "A Modern State". In 11659:America, Russia and the Birth of Modern Greece 11308:The Greek struggle for independence, 1821–1833 10579: 10577: 10548: 10532: 10503:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 316–317 10127: 10125: 10019: 9825: 9823: 9807: 9805: 9661:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 149–150 9068:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 126–127 8989:London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011, pp. 142–144. 8423: 8196: 8138: 8035:Trudgill, "Greece and European Turkey", p. 241 7979: 6296:The final major engagement of the war was the 6168:, destroyed a Turkish naval squadron during a 5390:The burning of the Turkish flagship by Kanaris 5065:On 9 June 1821, 3 ships sailed to Cyprus with 4984:, or were carried by the Psarian fleet to the 4191:; Kalamata fell to the Greeks on 23 March. In 3173:and elsewhere, as evidenced by revolts led by 558: 102:(8 years, 6 months and 3 weeks) 19828: 19270: 15404: 12523: 11922: 10232:London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 306–307. 10177:London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 pp. 286–287. 9227: 9129: 9126:* Theodoridis, "A Modern State", pp. 129–130. 8726:Papageorgiou, "First Year of Freedom", p. 64. 8575:Papageorgiou, "First Year of Freedom", p. 59. 8535: 7970: 7880: 7843: 7841: 7812: 7589:Adanir, "Semi-autonomous Forces", pp. 159–160 4674:(r. 1808–1839) was forced to seek the aid of 4503:, a professor of Ancient Greek literature at 3977:Important events of the first year of the war 3837: 3821:Philhellenism made a notable contribution to 3526:approx. translation from his "Thourios" poem. 3389:Enlightenment and the Greek national movement 2905: 2258: 2170: 1378: 1364: 249: 12902:Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands 12331: 12318: 12291: 12264: 12237: 12210: 12183: 12156: 12129: 12110: 11736: 11701:Milton, John; Diekhoff, John Siemon (1965). 10983: 9485: 8094: 7867: 7353:; wealthy landowners and primates hired the 6117: 12353:International Law in Historical Perspective 11944: 11783:The war of Greek independence, 1821 to 1833 11745: 11548: 11066:. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. 10796:International Law in Historical Perspective 10741:International Law in Historical Perspective 10574: 10561: 10519: 10209: 10138: 10122: 10109: 10096: 10083: 10006: 9964: 9851: 9820: 9802: 9446:"Αίμα Κυπρίων στο σώμα της Μητέρας Ελλάδας" 9036: 8307:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe 8146:The Greeks: Their Struggle for Independence 7691: 7564: 6327: 6284:of 15,000 men, landed on 30 August 1828 at 6026:, which finally secured Greek independence. 3111:Background of the Greek War of Independence 19835: 19821: 19277: 19263: 17366:Greece and the International Monetary Fund 15411: 15397: 15267:The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi 12917:Imperial French rule in the Ionian Islands 12530: 12516: 12310:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12283:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12256:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12229:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12202:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12175:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12148:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12059: 11953:(2). Cambridge University Press: 234–313. 11903: 11378:The Orthodox Church and Independent Greece 10854:, Open Book Publishers, 2008, pp. 104–107 10464:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 257. 10384:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 344. 10355:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 339. 10342:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 337. 10329:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 314. 10316:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 313. 10303:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 312. 10080:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 254. 10045:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 244. 9987:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 237. 9961:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 295. 9935:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 291. 9909:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 290. 9880:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 289. 9768:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 223. 9742:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 222. 9729:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 221. 9713:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 220. 9700:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 180. 9674:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 150. 9648:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 164. 9582:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 157. 8920:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 144. 8875:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 137. 8859:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 107. 8796:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 104. 8783:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 105. 8748:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 210. 8586:The Orthodox Church and Independent Greece 8412: 8410: 8389:International Politics and the Middle East 8352:International Politics and the Middle East 8274: 8245: 8243: 8241: 8112: 8110: 7975:. Cambridge University Press. p. 258. 7930:. Cambridge University Press. p. 154. 7854: 7838: 7276:in the 19th century as simply the Αγώνας, 6493:In May 1832, Palmerston convened the 6336:Map showing the original territory of the 5735:. To try to stop Ibrahim, Kanaris led the 5549:The First National Assembly was formed at 4721:and other insurgents captured the fort at 4479:The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi 3842: 3638:(members of Filiki Eteria) then turned to 2912: 2898: 2265: 2251: 2177: 2163: 1371: 1357: 18926:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 12062:Journal of Unitarian Universalist History 11884: 11869: 11421: 11355: 11090:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 10693:The Great Powers and the Struggle of 1821 10674:The Great Powers and the Struggle of 1821 10516:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 317 10490:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 316 10448:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 256 10196: 10003:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 238 8933:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 139 8529: 8333:State insolvency and foreign bondholders, 8212: 8025:. Babıali Kültür Yayıncılığı. p. 35. 7955: 7949: 7786: 5909:Foreign intervention against the Ottomans 5100:of the Greeks of the island at the time, 5042:Learn how and when to remove this message 4884:and the south, attempting to prevent the 4417: 4330:Scenes from the Greek War of Independence 3229:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 12487: 12077:. Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. 12072: 11992: 11973: 11844: 11791: 11607: 11517:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 11508: 11463: 11371:. University of California. p. 910. 11080: 10193:London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 292. 10164:London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 286. 9569:Tzakis, "The Military Events", pp. 73–78 9481: 9479: 8942: 8907:London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 241. 8669: 8608:, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2011 p. 3. 7754: 7752: 7723: 7678: 6975: 6960: 6752: 6646: 6545: 6331: 6225: 6174: 6127: 5850: 5762: 5657: 5646: 5632: 5443: 5383: 5344: 5324: 5226: 5148: 5083: 5053: 4855: 4766: 4704: 4647: 4552: 4472: 4421: 4385:was executed by the Ottoman authorities. 4373: 4238: 4143: 4093: 4040: 4028: 3972: 3852: 3563: 3432: 3398: 3271:(oil painting, 1825–1826, Benaki Museum) 3262: 3258: 433: 13427:Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece 12415: 12350: 12011: 11822:Roy, Christian (2005). "Annunciation". 11718:Panagiotopoulos, Vassilis, ed. (2003). 11638: 11586: 11482: 11364: 11102: 10957: 9253:Across Crete: From Khania to Herakleion 9243: 8507: 8407: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8249: 8238: 8177: 8107: 8043: 8041: 7597: 7595: 7423: 6519:British Ambassador to the Sublime Porte 4559:Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece 4369: 3713:I dream'd that Greece might yet be free 573: 528: 474: 308:Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece 14: 20942: 15047:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 14620:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 12373: 12091: 11879:(2nd ed.). Open Book Publishers. 11810: 11754: 11671: 11531: 11444: 11375: 11220: 11190: 11160: 11141: 11125:Religious Nationalism in Modern Europe 11122: 11061: 10660: 10648: 10376: 10374: 10284: 10263: 10248: 10061: 9603: 9591: 9557: 9516: 9249: 9080: 8973: 8961: 8891: 8808: 8699: 8544:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8282:"Internet History Sourcebooks Project" 7940: 7934: 7636: 7603:Religious Nationalism in Modern Europe 7524: 7349:In the Morea, there did not exist any 6748: 6501:and Russia, offered the throne to the 5590:were the most prominent—was formed at 4755:region. Soon the local Ottoman ruler, 4342:and Eleftherohori against the army of 4179:, where they united with troops under 4033:Declaration of the revolutionaries of 3735:Earth! render back from out thy breast 3731:Must we but blush? – Our fathers bled. 3727:Must we but weep o'er days more blest? 3514:Than forty years of slavery and prison 3410:contact with the radical ideas of the 1325: 1323: 1321: 20894:Kurdish rebellions during World War I 19816: 19769:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Greece 19284: 19258: 17495: 17268: 16647: 15959: 15449: 15392: 12511: 12389:Greek War of Independence (1821–1832) 12045:. University of Massachusetts Press. 12040: 11674:The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors 11334: 11302: 11279: 11260: 10604:The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors 9476: 8590:Recollections of the Greek Revolution 8151: 8060: 8014: 7925: 7919: 7749: 7043:Rigas Feraios & Christos Leontis 6968:' most popular work is the music for 6542:Massacres during the Greek Revolution 5204:, each with about 80 guns and 7 or 8 4921:Nevertheless, the revolt spread from 3914:Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople 3743:Of the three hundred grant but three, 3717:For, standing on the Persians' grave, 2940:by Greek revolutionaries against the 1653:Great powers intervention (1827–1829) 1352: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1288: 1286: 1284: 13422:Senate of Western Continental Greece 13399:Greek regional councils and statutes 12351:Verzijl, Jan Hendrik Willem (1968). 12319:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1988). 12292:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1986). 12265:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1982). 12238:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1980). 12211:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1973). 12184:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1968). 12130:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1974). 11146:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 11123:Barker, Philip W. (2008). "Greece". 11054: 8376: 8358:Christian Maidens, Turkish Ravishers 8038: 7964: 7592: 7289: 7045:Ρήγας Φεραιός & Χρήστος Λεοντής 6312:in exchange for safe passage out of 5919: 5752:and was within striking distance of 5258:in 1770. The first test was made at 5024:adding citations to reliable sources 4995: 4549:First National Assembly at Epidaurus 3650:and more particularly the revolt by 1309: 296:Senate of Western Continental Greece 165:ceded to the independent Greek state 15323:The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos 15068:Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent 13553:Proposals for the monarch of Greece 12939:United States of the Ionian Islands 12332:Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1975). 12157:Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1976). 12111:Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1973). 11821: 11817:. Keterpress Enterprises Jerusalem. 11038:The Edinburgh History of the Greeks 10828:, Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs 10371: 9779:The Greek Struggle for independence 9753:The Greek Struggle for independence 9685:The Greek Struggle for independence 8483:The Movement for Greek Independence 8191:The Greek struggle for independence 7667:. University of Pennsylvania Press 7371:, the Aegean islands or Asia Minor. 6935:Celebration of the Greek Revolution 6623:of 1770 and the destruction of the 6511:Fifth National Assembly at Nafplion 6497:. The three Great Powers, Britain, 6060:to Russia, and the outcome was the 5974: 5932:, Austrian foreign minister Prince 5875:and the French philhellene Colonel 5268:destruction of the Ottoman flagship 5078:GREEK FLAG OF THE MOTHERLAND CYPRUS 4207:, drove them back to the fortress. 1332: 1318: 24: 20606:Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1867 20574:Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1854 19880:Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin 15274:Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi 13437:Military-Political System of Samos 12494:"Greek Independence, War of" 12409: 12075:Language and Nationalism in Europe 11928:Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali 11845:Santelli, Maureen Connors (2020). 11611:A Military History of Modern Egypt 11424:Wars and Peace Treaties, 1816–1991 11310:. University of California Press. 11087:Naval Wars in the Levant 1559–1853 9865:Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali 9835:* Rotzokos, "Civil Wars", 164–170. 8630:, τ. ΚΘ' (2007–2008), pp. 262–263. 7971:Hall, J.A.; Malešević, S. (2013). 7760:The Greek Church of Constantinople 7619:The Greek Church of Constantinople 6895:Military-Political System of Samos 5495:Revolution in peril and infighting 5167:National Historical Museum, Athens 4787:and of the other urban centres of 4316:illustrates under the guidance of 3880:. In order to encourage the local 2193:Rise of nationalism in the Balkans 1295: 1281: 330:Military-Political System of Samos 25: 21036: 21015:Wars involving the United Kingdom 21010:Wars involving the Russian Empire 21000:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire 15418: 13508:Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826) 12932:1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry 12453:Greek Declaration of Independence 12440: 11926:(1984). "Expansion to what End". 11908:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 11705:. Cohen & West. p. 267. 11572:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 9817:* Rotzokos, "Civil Wars", 154–161 8020: 6530:London Protocol of 30 August 1832 5643:Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani 4234: 4199:was besieged on 21 March, and in 4037:; engraved on a stele in the city 3919:Instead of directly advancing on 3876:with his followers, entering the 3777:and later the American physician 3546:, but also from Western European 3267:Portrait of a Greek armatolos by 1585:Egyptian intervention (1825–1826) 19843: 19796: 19787: 19786: 19384: 19238: 19229: 19228: 13569:Greek expedition to Syria (1825) 12458: 12446: 10996: 10941: 10928: 10903: 10884: 10873: 10860: 10844: 10831: 10812: 10788: 10754:A Short History of Modern Greece 10746: 10735:A Short History of Modern Greece 10727: 10698: 10679: 10666: 10629: 10609: 10590: 10506: 10493: 10480: 10467: 10426: 10413: 10400: 10387: 10358: 10345: 10332: 10319: 10306: 10222: 10167: 10035: 9977: 9951: 9938: 9925: 9912: 9883: 9870: 9838: 9793: 9784: 9771: 9758: 9745: 9732: 9703: 9690: 9677: 9664: 9651: 9622: 9609: 9572: 9563: 9531: 9522: 9438: 9425: 9412: 9399: 9386: 9373: 9360: 9347: 9334: 9321: 9308: 9295: 9282: 9270: 9214: 9201: 9188: 9175: 9162: 9149: 9114: 9099: 9086: 9058: 8992: 8979: 8936: 8923: 8910: 8897: 8250:Sowards, Steven (14 June 1999). 8233:A Short History of Modern Greece 7986:John Anthony Petropulos (2015). 7396: 7387: 7374: 6913: 6901: 6886: 6871: 6856: 6841: 6825: 6809: 6797: 6778: 6763: 6680: 6415: 6406: 5992: 5983: 5790:forced the Turkish fleet in the 5518: 5509: 5282:, acquiring international fame. 5111:Theofylaktos Thiseas arrived in 5107:In early July 1821, the Cypriot 5000: 4303: 4294: 3721:I could not deem myself a slave. 3701:The mountains look on Marathon – 3695: 3685: 3654:in Epirus, which had forced the 3553: 3502: 3322:to confront their predecessors. 2971:All Greek territory, except the 2881: 2296: 2146: 1731: 1252: 1224: 1212: 1200: 1180: 1168: 1156: 1144: 1124: 1112: 1094: 1082: 1062: 1050: 1032: 1020: 1008: 996: 984: 964: 952: 934: 914: 894: 882: 870: 862: 852: 834: 822: 810: 790: 778: 758: 750: 741: 722: 710: 692: 680: 668: 656: 644: 632: 614: 589: 575: 560: 545: 530: 507: 490: 476: 450: 435: 421: 407: 391: 378: 366: 342: 323: 313: 301: 289: 277: 265: 251: 237: 225: 213: 192: 52: 17446:Thessaloniki International Fair 12300:] (in Greek). Thessaloniki. 12273:] (in Greek). Thessaloniki. 12246:] (in Greek). Thessaloniki. 11947:The Journal of Economic History 11358:Crete, History and Civilization 11064:The Cambridge History of Turkey 10936:That Greece Might still Be Free 10923:That Greece Might still Be Free 10911:History of the Greek Revolution 10852:That Greece Might Still Be Free 10839:That Greece Might still Be Free 10637:History of the Greek Revolution 10598:History of the Greek Revolution 9799:Rotzokos, "Civil Wars", 152–154 9790:Rotzokos, "Civil Wars", 143–151 9256:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 82–83. 9209:That Greece Might still Be Free 9046:. neoskosmos.com. 25 March 2015 8849: 8836: 8786: 8773: 8760: 8751: 8738: 8729: 8720: 8715:That Greece Might still Be Free 8707: 8693: 8684: 8651: 8633: 8611: 8578: 8569: 8520: 8488: 8475: 8457: 8439: 8394: 8363: 8338: 8325: 8312: 8299: 8286:Lord Byron: The Isles of Greece 8225: 8164: 8125: 8081: 8054: 8029: 7799: 7765: 7736: 7704: 7655: 7624: 7583: 7558: 7545: 7518: 7464: 7424:Sakalis, Alex (25 March 2021). 7360: 7343: 7333: 7324: 7303: 7250:Treaty of Constantinople (1832) 6804:Flag from Thrace and Samothrace 5011:needs additional citations for 4250:The first regions to revolt in 4089:Metropolitan Germanos of Patras 4015:Constantinople Massacre of 1821 3709:And musing there an hour alone, 3287:) (the Greek equivalent of the 3115: 20726:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising 20710:1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion 17233:Municipalities and communities 15363:Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) 14461:François-René de Chateaubriand 12927:Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814 12897:Fall of the Republic of Venice 11930:. Cambridge University Press. 11775:History of the Hellenic Nation 11614:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 11108:. Cambridge University Press. 9000:"Greece's Bilateral Relations" 7992:. Princeton University Press. 7773:History of the Hellenic Nation 7443: 7417: 7254: 7233: 6611:, the massacres following the 6291:scientific expedition of Morea 6099:Mediterranean fleets, Admiral 6024:Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 5562:under his control the fort of 5333:, president of the Executive, 4949:arranged a meeting with other 4678:, trying to lure him with the 4362:in September and retreated to 4024: 3886:Three Holy Hierarchs Monastery 3739:A remnant of our Spartan dead! 3705:And Marathon looks on the sea; 3054:, who agreed to send his son, 13: 1: 20822:Zaraniq rebellion (1909–1910) 20013:Expeditions against the Druze 19952:Expeditions against the Druze 17248:Decentralized administrations 15960: 15772:History of Greece (1923–1940) 14972:London Philhellenic Committee 12960:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 12883:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 12864:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 12400:, retrieved: March 17, 2021 ( 12398:Institute of European History 12394:EGO – European History Online 12014:The Journal of Modern History 11549:Koliopoulos, John S. (1987). 11387:The Journal of Modern History 10898:The Greek War of Independence 10462:The Greek War of Independence 10382:The Greek War of Independence 10366:The Greek War of Independence 10353:The Greek War of Independence 10340:The Greek War of Independence 10327:The Greek War of Independence 10314:The Greek War of Independence 10301:The Greek War of Independence 10230:The Greek War of Independence 10191:The Greek War of Independence 10175:The Greek War of Independence 10162:The Greek War of Independence 10078:The Greek War of Independence 10043:The Greek War of Independence 10001:The Greek War of Independence 9985:The Greek War of Independence 9959:The Greek War of Independence 9946:The Greek War of Independence 9933:The Greek War of Independence 9920:The Greek War of Independence 9907:The Greek War of Independence 9891:The Greek War of Independence 9878:The Greek War of Independence 9846:The Greek War of Independence 9766:The Greek War of Independence 9740:The Greek War of Independence 9727:The Greek War of Independence 9711:The Greek War of Independence 9698:The Greek War of Independence 9672:The Greek War of Independence 9659:The Greek War of Independence 9646:The Greek War of Independence 9630:The Greek War of Independence 9617:The Greek War of Independence 9580:The Greek War of Independence 9492:. Penguin Press. p. 44. 9066:The Greek War of Independence 8987:The Greek War of Independence 8931:The Greek War of Independence 8918:The Greek War of Independence 8905:The Greek War of Independence 8873:The Greek War of Independence 8857:The Greek War of Independence 8844:The Greek War of Independence 8794:The Greek War of Independence 8781:The Greek War of Independence 8768:The Greek War of Independence 8746:The Greek War of Independence 8606:The Greek War of Independence 8500:* Koliopoulos & Veremis, 7485:, Palgrave Macmillan/Springer 6878:Used in Thessaly, created by 6692:on the arrival of King Otto. 6597:Massacre of Samothrace (1821) 6449:) as the first head of state. 6280:, who was given command of a 5501:Greek civil wars of 1823–1825 5144: 4717:Cretans captured the fort at 4590:who was living with the poet 3783:London Philhellenic Committee 3461:". The Russo-Turkish wars of 3216:financed a small fleet under 3104: 1812: 1796: 1780: 1578:Greek civil wars of 1824–1825 64:burning of an Ottoman frigate 20590:Mount Lebanon civil conflict 20029:Expedition against the Druze 20021:Theodoros Boua Grivas revolt 20000:Expedition against the Druze 19992:Mariovo and Prilep Rebellion 16821:Parliamentary constituencies 16648: 15600:Foundation of Constantinople 15437:Alphabetical index of topics 15103:Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval 13908:Michail Komninos Afentoulief 12336:. Rutgers University Press. 11993:Svoronos, Nikos G. (1999) . 11767:Paparrigopoulos, Constantine 11161:Booras, Harris John (1934). 8402:Social History of Modern Art 8371:Social History of Modern Art 8346:Social History of Modern Art 8118:Social History of Modern Art 8089:Histoire de la Grèce moderne 8049:A Concise History of Greece 7960:. Polity Press. p. 111. 7410: 7201:Morea Expedition (1828–1833) 7008:, which adopted it in 1966. 6980:Band in a parade on 25 March 6946:Municipality of Thessaloniki 6642: 6535: 6397:protocols of 3 February 1830 5320: 4762: 4452:Jean-François-Maxime Raybaud 4227:and the provincial capital, 3595:. Influenced by the Italian 46:Revolutions during the 1820s 7: 20965:1820s in the Ottoman Empire 17496: 17479:Water supply and sanitation 17269: 17036:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 16669:Constitutional amendments ( 15939:Population exchange of 1923 15876:Greek countries and regions 15575:Wars of Alexander the Great 15450: 15339:25 March (Independence Day) 13574:Russo-Turkish War (1828–29) 13432:Provisional Regime of Crete 12653:Gregory V of Constantinople 12357:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 11720:History of Modern Hellenism 11587:Krimbas, Costas B. (2005). 11284:A Concise History of Greece 10800:first article of the Treaty 9120:Koliopoulos & Veremis, 9105:Koliopoulos & Veremis, 9092:Koliopoulos & Veremis, 8540:A Concise History of Greece 8515:A Concise History of Greece 8418:A Concise History of Greece 8220:A Concise History of Greece 8185:A Concise History of Greece 8172:A Concise History of Greece 8159:A Concise History of Greece 7833:The Greek Nation, 1453–1669 7794:A Concise History of Greece 7648:* Milton (& Diekhoff), 7567:A concise history of Russia 7531:. Basic Books. p. 17. 7179: 7100:Της δικαιοσύνης Ήλιε Νοητέ 6009:) was the architect of the 5837:Ibrahim tried to enter Mani 5652:Ibrahim attacks Missolonghi 5489:Second Siege of Missolonghi 5377:, arrived on the island of 5088:Painting of the Archbishop 3966:and the destruction of the 3509:Better an hour of free life 10: 21041: 19872:Sheikh Bedreddin rebellion 19382: 15900:Inventions and discoveries 15727:Modern Greek Enlightenment 14900:Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi 14595:Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels 14431:António Figueira d'Almeida 14043:Konstantinos Mavromichalis 13753:Germanos III of Old Patras 13489:International Conferences, 12837:Thourios or Patriotic hymn 12784:Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos 11777:. Athens: Eleftheroudakis. 11509:Jelavich, Barbara (1983). 11026: 10868:A History of Modern Europe 10866:Peacock, Herbert Leonard, 10761:"Treaty of Constantinople" 8331:Wynne William H., (1951), 7565:Bushkovitch, Paul (2012). 7013:celebrate their liberation 6932: 6609:Third siege of Missolonghi 6539: 6300:, which occurred north of 6282:French expeditionary Corps 6121: 5912: 5805:Third Siege of Missolonghi 5671:National Gallery of Athens 5654:by Giuseppe Pietro Mazzola 5639:Third Siege of Missolonghi 5636: 5498: 4546: 4513:Springfield, Massachusetts 4509:Charleston, South Carolina 3849:Wallachian uprising (1821) 3846: 3838:Outbreak of the revolution 3832: 3747:To make a new Thermopylae. 3689: 3676:revolts in Italy and Spain 3557: 3424:modern Greek Enlightenment 3395:Modern Greek Enlightenment 3392: 3325:Nevertheless, klephts and 3119: 3108: 3075:French expeditionary force 319:Temporary regime of Crete 80:Third Siege of Missolonghi 20950:Greek War of Independence 20870:Raid on the Sublime Porte 20769: 20646:1878 Macedonian rebellion 20422:Priest Jovica's Rebellion 20374:Greek War of Independence 20326:Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion 20296: 20277:Koča's frontier rebellion 20200: 19979: 19968:Kalender Çelebi rebellion 19907: 19859: 19782: 19761: 19720: 19664: 19627: 19594: 19548: 19487: 19451: 19431: 19400: 19393: 19336:National personifications 19293: 19224: 19166: 19095: 18829: 18469: 18426: 18216: 17860: 17803: 17682:Greek East and Latin West 17591: 17506: 17502: 17491: 17277: 17264: 17223: 17123: 17044: 16981: 16918: 16867: 16839: 16801: 16765: 16719: 16660: 16656: 16643: 16573: 16508: 16431: 16012: 15972: 15968: 15955: 15871:Geographical name changes 15815: 15692: 15608: 15518: 15462: 15458: 15445: 15427: 15332: 15201: 15130: 15060: 15042:Antoine Virgile Schneider 15024: 15015: 14964: 14908: 14827: 14685: 14421: 14368:Konstantinos Vlachopoulos 14128:Konstantinos Nikolopoulos 14048:Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis 13643:Constantin Denis Bourbaki 13593: 13582: 13561: 13488: 13447:Greek national assemblies 13445: 13397: 13358: 13287: 13224: 13068: 12992: 12983: 12947: 12850:European intervention and 12849: 12827:Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios 12804: 12751: 12700: 12691: 12661: 12611:Konstantinos Kolokotronis 12591:Dionysius the Philosopher 12566: 12557: 12546: 12539:Greek War of Independence 12471:Greek War of Independence 12465:Greek War of Independence 12425:. Penguin Books Limited. 12386:Zelepos, Ioannis (2018), 11959:10.1017/S0022050700110447 11924:Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi 11792:Pizanias, Petros (2011). 11657:Michalopoulos, Dimitris, 11643:. London: HarperCollins. 11632:(1940) pp. 193–225. 11599:: 153–159. Archived from 11570:Greece: the Modern Sequel 11532:Kassis, Kyriakos (1979). 11349:10.1080/00263207208700210 9250:Bakker, Johan de (2003). 9122:Greece: the Modern Sequel 9107:Greece: the Modern Sequel 9094:Greece: the Modern Sequel 8502:Greece: the Modern Sequel 8256:Michigan State University 8077:– via Google Books. 8061:Frary, Lucien J. (2015). 7945:. Routledge. p. 264. 7525:Finkel, Caroline (2007). 7494:10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5 7265: 7245:London Conference of 1832 7097:Tis Dikeosinis Ilie Noite 6928: 6386:protocol of 22 March 1829 6118:Battle of Navarino (1827) 6062:Protocol of St Petersburg 5936:, and the Tsar of Russia 5745:British Foreign Secretary 5721:defeat the Greek garrison 5663:The sortie of Missolonghi 5251: 4991: 4852:have all gone raving mad. 4611:in the western part, and 4274:on 31 March, followed by 4017:. The Orthodox Patriarch 3769:of so much of the West's 3658:(governor) of the Morea, 3626:who had become the joint 3427: 3303: 3284: 3212:, the Greek community of 3175:Dionysius the Philosopher 3005:Feast of the Annunciation 2926:Greek War of Independence 1903:Frankish and Latin states 1392: 1383:Greek War of Independence 1277: 1273:240,000+ total casualties 1272: 1267: 604: 184: 86: 51: 43: 39:Greek War of Independence 38: 20975:19th-century revolutions 20622:Bulgarian April uprising 20534:Uprising of Dervish Cara 20382:Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt 20342:Hadži-Prodan's Rebellion 19928:Nur Ali Halife rebellion 17225:Administrative divisions 16948:Macedonia naming dispute 16788:Parliamentary Committees 16773:Conference of Presidents 14880:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha 14819:Christoforos Zachariadis 14729:Alexandros Kantakouzinos 14714:Anastasios Christopoulos 14585:Julius Michael Millingen 14388:Christoforos Zachariadis 14293:Sotirios Theocharopoulos 14023:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 13983:Leonardos Leonardopoulos 13968:Konstantinos Lagoumitzis 13548:Treaty of Constantinople 12869:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 12759:Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio 12713:Athanasios Christopoulos 12674:Souliote War (1789–1793) 12320: 12293: 12266: 12239: 12212: 12185: 12131: 12096:. St Edmundsbury Press. 11995:History of Modern Greece 11853:Cornell University Press 11811:Rivlin, Brancha (1988). 11466:The Romanians, 1774–1866 11445:Grenet, Mathieu (2016). 11422:Goldstein, Erik (1992). 11328:37.131 (1952): 228–235. 11280:Clogg, Richard (2002) . 11127:. Taylor & Francis. 10819:Treaty of Constantinople 9329:Salonica, City of Ghosts 8133:History of Modern Greece 7744:History of Modern Greece 7712:History of Modern Greece 7553:A Story of Modern Greece 7449:Note: Greece officially 7226: 7191:Greek National Awakening 6526:Treaty of Constantinople 6328:Autonomy to independence 5741:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 5710:Ibrahim Pasha landed at 5555:first Greek Constitution 5476:. During the summer the 5423:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 5331:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 4643: 4633:Second National Assembly 4609:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 4588:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 4350:under the leadership of 4320:the battles of Alamana ( 3674:, were preoccupied with 3607:("Friendly Society") in 3269:Richard Parkes Bonington 3210:Second Russo-Turkish War 3159:Demetrios Chalkokondyles 3142:, with some exceptions. 3091:Treaty of Constantinople 2934:Greek Revolution of 1821 2014:Second Hellenic Republic 1151:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha 675:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 20970:19th-century rebellions 20854:Albanian revolt of 1912 20838:Albanian revolt of 1910 20430:Second Mašići Rebellion 20350:Second Serbian Uprising 20285:Tripolitanian civil war 20253:Patrona Halil Rebellion 20173:Second Tarnovo Uprising 19762:Former national symbols 18874:Eastern Orthodox Church 16952:Language naming dispute 15712:Venetian Ionian islands 15626:Persecution of paganism 15309:The Archipelago on Fire 15073:Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois 15052:Camille Alphonse Trézel 14799:Konstantinos Xenokratis 14696:Danubian Principalities 14640:Auguste Hilarion Touret 14398:Germanos Zapheiropoulos 14273:Nikitas Stamatelopoulos 14173:Anagnostis Papageorgiou 14033:Demetrios Mavromichalis 13913:Alexandros Kontostavlos 13538:London Protocol of 1830 13528:London Protocol of 1829 13523:London Protocol of 1828 12500:Encyclopædia Britannica 12489:Phillips, Walter Alison 12481:24 October 2008 at the 11814:The Holocaust in Greece 11365:Dodsley, James (1833). 11261:Brown, L. Carl (1984). 11221:Brewer, David (2003) . 11191:Bowman, Steven (2004). 8815:. Abrams. p. 101. 8102:Wars and Peace Treaties 6589:Constantinople Massacre 6344:In September 1828, the 6320:stresses: "Thus Prince 6187:Ambroise Louis Garneray 5877:Charles Nicolas Fabvier 5771:landing at Phaliro" by 5723:on the small island of 5309:. Despite victories at 4783:The economic ascent of 4629:First National Assembly 3878:Danubian Principalities 3867:(Benaki Museum, Athens) 3843:Danubian principalities 3680:Danubian Principalities 3622:, an official from the 3437:Cover of "Thourios" by 3060:failed invasion of Mani 3012:Danubian Principalities 2997:Danubian Principalities 2962:Greeks around the world 2345:By other characteristic 2068:Third Hellenic Republic 2036:Collaborationist regime 1987:First Hellenic Republic 1936:Venetian Ionian Islands 959:Charles Nicolas Fabvier 829:Nikitas Stamatelopoulos 350:First Hellenic Republic 58:Top left: The camp at 20814:Hauran Druze Rebellion 20662:Kresna–Razlog Uprising 20630:Razlovtsi insurrection 20486:Belogradchik Rebellion 20318:First Serbian Uprising 20229:The Great Insurrection 20085:First Tarnovo Uprising 19936:Nasir al-Din rebellion 19888:Skanderbeg's rebellion 19721:Patron Saints/Religion 19432:Other official symbols 19203:Orders and decorations 18940:Greek Old Calendarists 17411:Science and technology 17371:Greek economic miracle 17238:Administrative regions 15684:Fall of Constantinople 15679:Despotate of the Morea 15651:Macedonian Renaissance 15143:Fotis Chrysanthopoulos 15108:Pierre-Narcisse Guérin 14734:Georgios Kantakouzinos 14188:Christoforos Perraivos 14058:Dimitrios Meletopoulos 14053:Petrobey Mavromichalis 14038:Georgios Mavromichalis 14028:Antonios Mavromichalis 13923:Georgios Kountouriotis 13903:Theodoros Kolokotronis 13888:Apostolis Kolokotronis 13853:Georgakis Kapsokalyvas 13803:Antonios Kalamogdartis 13728:Georgios Filippopoulos 13683:Dimitrakis Deligiannis 13673:Hatzimichalis Dalianis 13658:Giannis Chondrogiannis 13491:treaties and protocols 12832:Salpisma Polemistirion 12796:Society of the Phoenix 12092:Troyat, Henri (1984). 11906:The Balkans since 1453 11757:Panagiotopoulos (2003) 11748:Panagiotopoulos (2003) 11739:Panagiotopoulos (2003) 11639:Mazower, Mark (2004). 11337:Middle Eastern Studies 11144:Creating East and West 10991:History of the Balkans 10978:History of the Balkans 10917:History of the Balkans 10824:2 October 2008 at the 10805:2 October 2008 at the 10475:The Balkans since 1453 10421:The Balkans since 1453 10408:The Balkans since 1453 9831:Theodoros Kolokotronis 9813:Theodoros Kolokotronis 8809:Brewer, David (2011). 8536:Richard Clogg (2002). 8207:History of the Balkans 7956:Malesevic, S. (2013). 7913:2 October 2009 at the 7875:Irregular Armed Forces 7862:Irregular Armed Forces 7849:Irregular Armed Forces 7661:Bisaha, Nancy (2004). 7644:Creating East and West 7313:in the Peloponnese or 7240:London Protocol (1830) 7125:Paschalis Arvanitidis 7039:'Ολα Τα Έθνη πολεμούν 6981: 6973: 6758: 6655: 6564: 6559:(1824, oil on canvas, 6341: 6253: 6190: 6145: 5898:Theodoros Kolokotronis 5865:siege of the Acropolis 5859: 5857:Siege of the Acropolis 5834: 5832:sign and wait for you. 5775: 5773:Konstantinos Volanakis 5674: 5669:(1855, oil on canvas, 5655: 5558:limited significance. 5537:Theodoros Kolokotronis 5457: 5456:" by Marsigli Filippo. 5439:Theodoros Kolokotronis 5397: 5359: 5342: 5252:πυρπολικά or μπουρλότα 5239: 5237:Konstantinos Volanakis 5170: 5092: 5062: 4869: 4854: 4780: 4779:, dated 8 October 1820 4745:Hatzimichalis Dalianis 4713: 4656: 4653:Hatzimichalis Dalianis 4562: 4486: 4434: 4418:International reaction 4386: 4247: 4181:Theodoros Kolokotronis 4156: 4150:Theodoros Kolokotronis 4108: 4056: 4038: 3978: 3903: 3868: 3580: 3442: 3412:European Enlightenment 3406: 3272: 3128:Fall of Constantinople 3095:Prince Otto of Bavaria 3020:Theodoros Kolokotronis 2197:Nationalism under the 1999:(1832-1924, 1935-1973) 1163:Mustafa Pasha Bushatli 663:Theodoros Kolokotronis 605:Commanders and leaders 76:Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt 21005:Wars involving France 20995:Wars involving Greece 20782:Young Turk Revolution 20438:Syrian Peasant Revolt 19960:Baba Zünnun Rebellion 19753:Greek Orthodox Church 19331:Elefthería í Thánatos 18922:Greek Orthodox Church 17292:Athens Stock Exchange 16711:Supreme Special Court 15490:Cycladic civilization 15348:Eleftheria i thanatos 15288:The Massacre at Chios 15183:Anastasios Polyzoidis 15178:Panagiotis Papatsonis 15131:Historians/Memoirists 15088:Guillaume-Abel Blouet 15037:Antoine Simon Durrieu 15032:Nicolas Joseph Maison 14987:Lazaros Kountouriotis 14951:Alexander I of Russia 14709:Athanasios Agrafiotis 14541:Henrik Nikolai Krøyer 14378:Liolios Xirolivaditis 14363:Alexakis Vlachopoulos 14323:Melchisedek Tsouderos 14298:Zafeirakis Theodosiou 14218:Anastasios Polyzoidis 14178:Dimitrios Papanikolis 14168:Grigorios Papaflessas 14088:Panagiotis Michanidis 13943:Lykourgos Krestenitis 13928:Lazaros Kountouriotis 13783:Konstantinos Gouvelis 13678:Dimitrios Deligeorgis 13412:Directorate of Achaea 12718:Theoklitos Farmakidis 12041:Trent, James (2012). 11826:Traditional Festivals 11781:Phillips, W. Alison. 11692:Mediterranean Studies 11593:The Historical Review 10685:Bridge & Bullen, 9486:Mark Mazower (2021). 9238:Turkish rule in Crete 9222:Turkish rule in Crete 9196:Turkish rule in Crete 9170:Turkish rule in Crete 9157:Turkish rule in Crete 9144:Turkish rule in Crete 8661:, 15 June 1821 (N.S.) 8453:on 29 September 2013. 7888:Brigands with a Cause 7820:Brigands with a Cause 7169:Λουκιάνος Κηλαηδόνης 7127:Πασχάλης Αρβανιτίδης 7108:Γρηγόρης Μπιθικώτσης 7105:Grigoris Mpithikotsis 7036:Ola Ta Ethni Polemoun 6979: 6964: 6756: 6651:"Grateful Hellas" by 6650: 6549: 6522:Sir Stratford Canning 6461:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 6335: 6278:Nicolas Joseph Maison 6246:Jean-Charles Langlois 6229: 6178: 6131: 5854: 5828: 5766: 5661: 5650: 5633:Egyptian intervention 5499:Further information: 5483:was shot dead at the 5447: 5387: 5348: 5328: 5295:Muhammad Ali of Egypt 5264:Dimitrios Papanikolis 5233:Dimitrios Papanikolis 5230: 5152: 5087: 5061:during the Revolution 5057: 4974:Zafeirakis Theodosiou 4859: 4834: 4770: 4740:In January 1828, the 4708: 4676:Muhammad Ali of Egypt 4651: 4556: 4476: 4425: 4399:Dragoman of the Porte 4377: 4242: 4147: 4097: 4044: 4032: 3976: 3898: 3856: 3567: 3449:of the 18th century. 3436: 3402: 3266: 3259:Klephts and armatoloi 3244:Greek Orthodox Church 3140:Anatolia (Asia Minor) 3109:Further information: 3052:Muhammad Ali of Egypt 2647:Bulgarian unification 2323:Counter-revolutionary 1518:Expedition of Dramali 1268:Casualties and losses 1027:Nicolas Joseph Maison 765:Grigorios Papaflessas 199:Greek Revolutionaries 20750:Mesopotamia uprising 20614:Herzegovina Uprising 20558:Herzegovina Uprising 20478:Berkovitsa Rebellion 20446:Tripolitanian revolt 20165:Druze power struggle 20008:Revolts of 1565–1572 19208:World Heritage Sites 17790:Units of measurement 17183:New Social Movements 16746:Presidential Mansion 16603:Environmental issues 16324:North Aegean islands 15886:Renaissance scholars 15782:4th of August Regime 15732:Septinsular Republic 15585:Wars of the Diadochi 15560:Peloponnesian League 15281:Le siège de Corinthe 15229:François Pouqueville 15168:Konstantinos Metaxas 14956:Nicholas I of Russia 14875:Mahmud Dramali Pasha 14809:Demetrios Ypsilantis 14804:Alexander Ypsilantis 14677:James Jakob Williams 14645:Edward John Trelawny 14561:Vasos Mavrovouniotis 14551:Ernst Michael Mangel 14516:Frank Abney Hastings 14446:Paul Marie Bonaparte 14383:Demetrios Ypsilantis 14343:Thanasoulas Valtinos 14253:Theofanis Siatisteus 14158:Dimitrios Panourgias 14068:Konstantinos Metaxas 14003:Yiannis Makriyiannis 13993:Lykourgos Logothetis 13978:Georgios Lechouritis 13948:Stamatis Krestenitis 13893:Ioannis Kolokotronis 13868:Georgios Karaiskakis 13858:Anastasios Karatasos 13838:Ioannis Kapodistrias 13828:Konstantinos Kanaris 13823:Athanasios Kanakaris 13738:Panagiotakis Fotilas 13723:Yiannis Dyovouniotis 13703:Konstantinos Dimidis 13688:Kanellos Deligiannis 13663:Dimitrios Christidis 13638:Laskarina Bouboulina 13533:Treaty of Adrianople 13417:Peloponnesian Senate 12907:Septinsular Republic 12852:Greek involvement in 12812:Adelphiki Didaskalia 12467:at Wikimedia Commons 11193:"The Jews in Greece" 10965:"The Jews in Greece" 10715:on 30 September 2007 9433:History of Macedonia 9420:History of Macedonia 9407:History of Macedonia 9394:History of Macedonia 9381:History of Macedonia 9368:History of Macedonia 9355:History of Macedonia 9342:History of Macedonia 9316:History of Macedonia 9303:History of Macedonia 9290:History of Macedonia 9278:History of Macedonia 8641:"Journaux Numérisés" 7926:Davis, D.E. (2003). 7758:Georgiadis–Arnakis, 7718:History of Macedonia 7617:Georgiadis–Arnakis, 7166:Loukianos Kilaidonis 7087:Στέλιος Καζαντζίδης 6690:Makriyannis' Memoirs 6593:Destruction of Psara 6443:Ioannis Kapodistrias 6393:pressure from Russia 6322:Demetrios Ypsilantis 6250:Palace of Versailles 6142:Palace of Versailles 6086:and sailing towards 5953:Ioannis Kapodistrias 5930:Viscount Castlereagh 5890:Ioannis Kapodistrias 5873:Georgios Karaiskakis 5704:Frank Abney Hastings 5466:Mustafa Reshit Pasha 5431:Mahmud Dramali Pasha 5407:Konstantinos Kanaris 5272:Konstantinos Kanaris 5139:Vassilis Michaelides 5102:Archbishop Kyprianos 5067:Konstantinos Kanaris 5059:Konstantinos Kanaris 5020:improve this article 4943:Anastasios Karatasos 4876:, and the island of 4796:from the village of 4773:Alexander Ypsilantis 4604:Demetrios Ypsilantis 4592:Percy Bysshe Shelley 4443:Ioannis Kapodistrias 4410:was asked to give a 4370:The Ottoman reaction 4314:Panagiotis Zographos 4169:Petros Mavromichalis 3964:Battle of Dragashani 3859:Alexander Ypsilantis 3682:and Constantinople. 3672:Napoleon I of France 3640:Alexander Ypsilantis 3620:Ioannis Kapodistrias 3455:Pruth River Campaign 3371:Georgios Karaiskakis 3310:during the reign of 3079:Treaty of Adrianople 2928:, also known as the 2419:Contentious politics 2290:Political revolution 2023:4th of August Regime 1969:Septinsular Republic 1101:Mahmud Dramali Pasha 901:Laskarina Bouboulina 889:Konstantinos Kanaris 729:Georgios Karaiskakis 717:Petros Mavromichalis 651:Ioannis Kapodistrias 639:Demetrios Ypsilantis 621:Alexander Ypsilantis 284:Peloponnesian Senate 70:. Bottom right: The 18:Revolutionary Greece 20902:Uprising in Karbala 20878:Euphrates rebellion 20798:Al-Bejat Revolution 20358:Wallachian Uprising 20245:Uprising in Vučitrn 20189:Karposh's rebellion 20181:Chiprovtsi uprising 19896:Buçuktepe rebellion 19495:Acropolis of Athens 19408:Double-headed eagle 18697:Musical instruments 18313:Greek Sign Language 17616:Concept of kingship 17465:Rio–Antirrio bridge 17431:Subdivisions by GDP 17095:Human rights abuses 16778:Hellenic Parliament 15737:War of Independence 15675:Despotate of Epirus 15641:Arab–Byzantine wars 15636:Plague of Justinian 15536:Iron Age migrations 15510:Bronze Age collapse 15495:Minoan civilization 15163:Lambros Koutsonikas 15007:Rothschild & Co 14982:Jean-Gabriel Eynard 14977:Ludwig I of Bavaria 14946:Lodewijk van Heiden 14855:Nasuhzade Ali Pasha 14814:Nikolaos Ypsilantis 14789:Athanasios Tsakalov 14759:Dimitrie Macedonski 14754:Constantine Levidis 14744:Stamatios Kleanthis 14546:Ludwig I of Bavaria 14526:Samuel Gridley Howe 14318:Anastasios Tsamados 14263:Ioannis Skandalidis 14243:Georgios Sachtouris 14198:Vasileios Petimezas 14113:Konstantinos Negris 13963:Kyprianos of Cyprus 13938:Ioannis Krestenitis 13933:Michalis Kourmoulis 13878:Nikolaos Kasomoulis 13873:Aristeidis Karnalis 13863:Panagiotis Karatzas 13843:Viaros Kapodistrias 13818:Athanasios Kampetis 13813:Dimitrios Kallergis 13748:Antonios Georgantas 13708:Ioannis Dimoulitsas 13653:Sotiris Charalampis 13608:Odysseas Androutsos 13518:Conference of Poros 13498:Congress of Laibach 13081:Wallachian uprising 12878:Catherine the Great 12774:Athanasios Tsakalov 12693:Greek Enlightenment 12679:Souliote War (1803) 12115:. Zeno Publishers. 12094:Alexander of Russia 11750:, pp. 125–142. 11628:Marriott, J. A. R. 11536:. Athens: Presfot. 11490:The Greek Adventure 11468:. Clarendon Press. 10952:A History of Europe 10651:, pp. 344–345. 10585:The Greek Adventure 10569:The Greek Adventure 10556:The Greek Adventure 10543:The Greek Adventure 10527:The Greek Adventure 10395:Alexander of Russia 10146:The Greek Adventure 10133:The Greek Adventure 10117:The Greek Adventure 10104:The Greek Adventure 10091:The Greek Adventure 10030:The Greek Adventure 10014:The Greek Adventure 9972:The Greek Adventure 9859:The Greek Adventure 7973:Nationalism and War 7941:Cronin, S. (2008). 7270:Elliniki Epanastasi 7266:Ελληνική Επανάσταση 7084:Stelios Kazantzidis 7058:Ο Θούριος Του Ρήγα 7055:O Thourios Tou Riga 7020: 6749:Revolutionary flags 6613:Tripolitsa Massacre 6507:Otto of Wittelsbach 6346:Conference of Poros 6067:Akkerman Convention 5810:Samuel Gridley Howe 5485:Battle of Karpenisi 5470:Pashalik of Scutari 5454:Battle of Karpenisi 5335:defends Missolonghi 5159:Anastasios Tsamados 5090:Kyprianos of Cyprus 4757:Mustafa Naili Pasha 4731:Panagia i Kleftrina 4623:in the east, and a 4457:Samuel Gridley Howe 4383:Patriarch Gregory V 4352:Odysseas Androutsos 4318:General Makriyannis 4205:Panagiotis Karatzas 4048:Siege of Tripolitsa 3801:'s famous painting 3757:The Isles of Greece 3593:Athanasios Tsakalov 3367:Odysseas Androutsos 3353:could be traced in 3144:Orthodox Christians 2938:war of independence 2936:, was a successful 2888:Politics portal 1978:War of Independence 1920:Early modern Greece 1770:Helladic chronology 1400:Wallachian uprising 1069:Nasuhzade Ali Pasha 859:Odysseas Androutsos 468:Diplomatic support: 21020:History of Ayvalık 20846:Malissori uprising 20790:Hamawand rebellion 20454:Posavina Rebellion 20334:Jančić's Rebellion 20157:Abaza Hasan Revolt 20141:Atmeydanı Incident 20093:Thessaly Rebellion 19774:Greek crown jewels 19401:Historical symbols 18994:Primordial deities 18898:Early 20th century 18362:Minority languages 17560:Aromanian question 17473:Thessaloniki Metro 17441:Telecommunications 17110:Political scandals 17025:Presidential Guard 16880:Capital punishment 16736:Government Gazette 16439:Canyons and gorges 15891:Hellenic languages 15580:Hellenistic period 15546:Greco-Persian Wars 15377:Presidential Guard 15358:Propylaea (Munich) 15254:Theodoros Vryzakis 15193:Spyridon Trikoupis 15188:Georgios Tertsetis 15158:Ambrosios Frantzis 15083:Stamatis Voulgaris 14885:Reşid Mehmed Pasha 14794:Tudor Vladimirescu 14769:Giorgakis Olympios 14764:Anastasios Manakis 14635:Friedrich Thiersch 14610:Theobald Piscatory 14566:Johann Jakob Meyer 14451:Karl Rudolf Brommy 14408:Marigo Zarafopoula 14303:Emmanouil Tombazis 14223:Konstantinos Rados 14203:Dionysios Petrakis 14193:Nikolaos Petimezas 14123:Diamantis Nikolaou 14073:Hatzigiannis Mexis 14013:Anastasios Manakis 13988:Georgios Liologlou 13958:Nikolaos Kriezotis 13898:Panos Kolokotronis 13778:Dimitrios Gouvelis 13763:Konstantinos Gofas 13668:Panagiotis Danglis 13503:Congress of Verona 12817:Asma Polemistirion 12743:Eugenios Voulgaris 12601:Panagiotis Benakis 11871:St. Clair, William 11759:, pp. 73–102. 11225:. Overlook Press. 10850:William St Clair, 9528:Brewer, pp. 91–92. 9473:Brewer, pp. 89–91. 8526:Paroulakis, p. 44. 8465:"curierul-iasi.ro" 8305:Richard, Laura E. 7455:Gregorian calendar 7382:universal suffrage 7211:Propylaea (Munich) 7206:Phoenix (currency) 7079:Σαράντα Παλικάρια 7018: 6982: 6974: 6966:Nikolaos Mantzaros 6950:Nicolas Astrinidis 6759: 6727:parts of Macedonia 6656: 6653:Theodoros Vryzakis 6565: 6473:Mavromichalis clan 6342: 6254: 6210:of Greece. But in 6191: 6182:Battle of Navarino 6146: 6134:Muhammad Ali Pasha 6124:Battle of Navarino 6058:Duke of Wellington 5902:Yannis Makriyannis 5881:Yannis Makriyannis 5860: 5776: 5737:raid on Alexandria 5675: 5667:Theodoros Vryzakis 5656: 5616:Souliotes, led by 5611:Orthodox Christian 5474:Pashalik of Yanina 5458: 5398: 5360: 5343: 5315:Battle of Navarino 5240: 5192:, as well as from 5171: 5093: 5063: 4982:Aspropotamos River 4870: 4781: 4751:, a castle in the 4714: 4695:Emmanouil Tombazis 4657: 4563: 4518:Alexander Golitsyn 4505:Harvard University 4487: 4484:Theodoros Vryzakis 4439:Congress of Vienna 4435: 4387: 4248: 4157: 4109: 4107:by Peter von Hess. 4104:Battle of Valtetsi 4057: 4039: 4003:Giorgakis Olympios 3979: 3952:Scarlat Callimachi 3948:Tudor Vladimirescu 3938:to continue their 3910:Prince of Moldavia 3869: 3795:massacres at Chios 3793:down. The Ottoman 3771:classical heritage 3581: 3459:faith and homeland 3447:Russo-Turkish Wars 3443: 3407: 3359:Yannis Makriyannis 3273: 3163:Leonardos Philaras 3071:Battle of Navarino 2863:Second Arab Spring 1865:Hellenistic Greece 1207:Muhammad Ali Pasha 1187:Mehmed Selim Pasha 1175:Reşid Mehmed Pasha 817:Yannis Makriyannis 553:Regency of Algiers 163:Continental Greece 72:Battle of Navarino 20990:Society of Greece 20985:Culture of Greece 20980:March observances 20937: 20936: 20926:Koçgiri rebellion 20918:Uprising in Hilla 20806:31 March Incident 20638:Kumanovo Uprising 20414:Shkodër Rebellion 20061:Uprising in Banat 20053:Celali rebellions 19944:Celali rebellions 19920:Şahkulu Rebellion 19810: 19809: 19732:Our Lady of Tinos 19615:Dionysios Solomos 19447: 19446: 19368:28 October (1940) 19359:National holidays 19252: 19251: 19220: 19219: 19216: 19215: 18902:Late 20th century 18882:Early Middle Ages 18366:Albanian language 17564:Megleno-Romanians 17487: 17486: 17260: 17259: 17256: 17255: 16938:Council of Europe 16920:Foreign relations 16900:Life imprisonment 16831:Political parties 16639: 16638: 16635: 16634: 16588:Natural disasters 16533:Mediterranean Sea 16026:Aetolia-Acarnania 15951: 15950: 15947: 15946: 15905:Language question 15767:Greco-Turkish War 15716:Kingdom of Candia 15570:League of Corinth 15565:Peloponnesian War 15386: 15385: 15295:The Free Besieged 15249:Dionysios Solomos 15234:Alexander Pushkin 15173:Panoutsos Notaras 15126: 15125: 15113:Charles Lenormant 14936:Edward Codrington 14931:Stratford Canning 14774:Yiannis Pharmakis 14749:Georgios Lassanis 14724:Stefanos Kanellos 14625:Giuseppe Rosaroll 14572:Ellinika Chronika 14481:Giacinto Collegno 14353:Meletis Vasileiou 14313:Ioannis Trikoupis 14283:Joseph Stephanini 14233:Panagiotis Rodios 14213:Kyriakos Pittakis 14148:Andronikos Paikos 14138:Antonis Oikonomou 14098:Nikolaos Mykonios 14083:Antonios Miaoulis 14018:Manto Mavrogenous 13973:Georgios Lassanis 13833:Stefanos Kanellos 13793:Dimitrios Indares 13693:Athanasios Diakos 13543:London Conference 13459:Executive of 1822 13455:First (Epidaurus) 12970:Constitutionalism 12955:Greek nationalism 12922:Albanian Regiment 12888:French Revolution 12845: 12844: 12822:Hellenic Nomarchy 12791:Philomuse Society 12738:Adamantios Korais 12733:Theophilos Kairis 12687: 12686: 12621:Cosmas of Aetolia 12463:Media related to 12451:Works related to 11886:10.11647/OBP.0001 11771:Karolidis, Pavlos 11741:, pp. 53–72. 11703:Milton on himself 11694:2 (1990): 61–67. 11169:Tuttle Publishing 11055:Secondary sources 10770:on 2 October 2008 10706:"London Protocol" 9863:* Sayyid-Marsot, 9519:, pp. 89–91. 8945:, pp. 47–115 8659:Journal de Savoie 7771:Paparrigopoulos, 7650:Milton on himself 7272:; referred to by 7196:History of Greece 7177: 7176: 7148:Γιώργος Νταλάρας 7076:Saranta Palikaria 6992:Dionysios Solomos 6850:Athanasios Diakos 6716:November Uprising 6696: 6695: 6617:Navarino Massacre 6556:Massacre of Chios 6517:On 21 July 1832, 6509:; meanwhile, the 6495:London Conference 6427:Kingdom of Greece 6338:Kingdom of Greece 6242:in September 1828 6101:Edward Codrington 5946:Concert of Europe 5920:Initial hostility 5733:Battle of Maniaki 5350:Dionysios Solomos 5202:ships of the line 5052: 5051: 5044: 4927:Western Macedonia 4599:him as a leader. 4533:Adamantios Korais 4529:Jean-Pierre Boyer 4427:Jean-Pierre Boyer 4324:) and Acropolis ( 4272:Athanasios Diakos 4245:Athanasios Diakos 4007:Yiannis Pharmakis 3997:were enforced by 3892:, the capital of 3861:crosses the Pruth 3804:Massacre of Chios 3797:in 1822 inspired 3763: 3762: 3668:Concert of Europe 3666:, allied in the " 3536:Adamantios Korais 3532: 3531: 3470:French Revolution 3416:Adamantios Korais 3404:Adamantios Korais 3375:Athanasios Diakos 3087:London Conference 2950:Kingdom of France 2922: 2921: 2456:Mass mobilization 2446:Guerrilla warfare 2275: 2274: 2201: 2187: 2186: 2153:Greece portal 2072: 2063: 2054: 2045: 2027: 2018: 2009: 2000: 1996:Kingdom of Greece 1991: 1982: 1973: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1907: 1878: 1869: 1860: 1851: 1842: 1819: 1803: 1787: 1702: 1701: 1535:Battle of Nauplia 1347: 1346: 1039:Edward Codrington 921:Manto Mavrogenous 747:Athanasios Diakos 443:Kingdom of France 387:revolutionaries 359:Military support: 180: 179: 99:12 September 1829 62:. 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Vol. VI. 12347: 12328: 12315: 12309: 12301: 12288: 12282: 12274: 12261: 12255: 12247: 12234: 12228: 12220: 12207: 12201: 12193: 12180: 12174: 12166: 12153: 12147: 12139: 12126: 12107: 12088: 12069: 12056: 12037: 12008: 11989: 11976:The Greek Nation 11970: 11941: 11919: 11900: 11888: 11866: 11841: 11829: 11818: 11807: 11778: 11760: 11751: 11742: 11733: 11714: 11687: 11654: 11625: 11604: 11603:on 23 July 2011. 11583: 11564: 11545: 11528: 11516: 11505: 11493: 11479: 11460: 11441: 11418: 11381: 11372: 11361: 11352: 11321: 11299: 11287: 11276: 11257: 11236: 11217: 11215: 11213: 11208:on 23 March 2010 11207: 11187: 11185: 11183: 11157: 11138: 11119: 11099: 11077: 11020: 11019: 11017: 11015: 11000: 10994: 10987: 10981: 10974: 10968: 10961: 10955: 10945: 10939: 10932: 10926: 10907: 10901: 10888: 10882: 10877: 10871: 10864: 10858: 10848: 10842: 10835: 10829: 10816: 10810: 10792: 10786: 10779: 10777: 10775: 10769: 10750: 10744: 10731: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10714: 10702: 10696: 10683: 10677: 10670: 10664: 10658: 10652: 10646: 10640: 10633: 10627: 10613: 10607: 10594: 10588: 10581: 10572: 10565: 10559: 10552: 10546: 10539: 10530: 10523: 10517: 10510: 10504: 10497: 10491: 10484: 10478: 10471: 10465: 10458: 10449: 10442: 10433: 10430: 10424: 10417: 10411: 10404: 10398: 10391: 10385: 10378: 10369: 10362: 10356: 10349: 10343: 10336: 10330: 10323: 10317: 10310: 10304: 10297: 10288: 10282: 10267: 10261: 10252: 10246: 10233: 10226: 10220: 10213: 10207: 10200: 10194: 10187: 10178: 10171: 10165: 10158: 10149: 10142: 10136: 10129: 10120: 10113: 10107: 10100: 10094: 10087: 10081: 10074: 10065: 10059: 10046: 10039: 10033: 10026: 10017: 10010: 10004: 9997: 9988: 9981: 9975: 9968: 9962: 9955: 9949: 9942: 9936: 9929: 9923: 9916: 9910: 9903: 9894: 9887: 9881: 9874: 9868: 9855: 9849: 9842: 9836: 9827: 9818: 9809: 9800: 9797: 9791: 9788: 9782: 9775: 9769: 9762: 9756: 9749: 9743: 9736: 9730: 9723: 9714: 9707: 9701: 9694: 9688: 9681: 9675: 9668: 9662: 9655: 9649: 9642: 9633: 9626: 9620: 9613: 9607: 9601: 9595: 9589: 9583: 9576: 9570: 9567: 9561: 9555: 9542: 9535: 9529: 9526: 9520: 9514: 9508: 9507: 9483: 9474: 9471: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9457: 9452:on 25 March 2012 9448:. 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Archived from 8247: 8236: 8229: 8223: 8216: 8210: 8203: 8194: 8181: 8175: 8168: 8162: 8155: 8149: 8142: 8136: 8129: 8123: 8114: 8105: 8098: 8092: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8058: 8052: 8045: 8036: 8033: 8027: 8026: 8018: 8012: 8011: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7923: 7917: 7900: 7891: 7884: 7878: 7871: 7865: 7858: 7852: 7845: 7836: 7829: 7823: 7816: 7810: 7803: 7797: 7790: 7784: 7779:The Greek Nation 7769: 7763: 7756: 7747: 7740: 7734: 7727: 7721: 7716:* Vacalopoulos, 7708: 7702: 7695: 7689: 7682: 7676: 7659: 7653: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7615: 7606: 7599: 7590: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7562: 7556: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7522: 7516: 7515: 7475: 7468: 7462: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7430:Italics Magazine 7421: 7404: 7400: 7394: 7391: 7385: 7378: 7372: 7364: 7358: 7347: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7328: 7322: 7307: 7301: 7291: 7267: 7258: 7252: 7237: 7121:Περήφανοι ΄Ολοι 7070:1797 (the poem) 7021: 7017: 6917: 6905: 6890: 6875: 6860: 6845: 6829: 6813: 6801: 6782: 6767: 6681: 6551:Eugène Delacroix 6419: 6410: 6310:Spercheios River 6080:Treaty of London 6037:Ottoman Empire. 6032:In August 1822, 6011:Treaty of London 5996: 5987: 5975:Change of stance 5915:Eastern Question 5618:Ioannis Kolettis 5572:new constitution 5522: 5513: 5394:Nikiforos Lytras 5287:Andreas Miaoulis 5253: 5047: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5027: 5004: 4996: 4862:Emmanouel Pappas 4794:Emmanouel Pappas 4777:Emmanouel Pappas 4613:Theodoros Negris 4557:The flag of the 4459:and the soldier 4348:Battle of Gravia 4307: 4298: 4270:was captured by 4171:advanced on the 3799:Eugène Delacroix 3696: 3632:Tsar Alexander I 3628:foreign minister 3589:Emmanuil Xanthos 3585:Nikolaos Skoufas 3503: 3498:Balkan languages 3429: 3305: 3286: 3218:Lambros Katsonis 3206:invasion of 1770 3132:Byzantine Empire 2966:independence day 2930:Greek Revolution 2914: 2907: 2900: 2886: 2885: 2739:Hungarian (1956) 2571:Spanish American 2300: 2277: 2276: 2267: 2260: 2253: 2196: 2189: 2188: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2084:History by topic 2070: 2061: 2052: 2043: 2025: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1971: 1947: 1938: 1929: 1905: 1897:Byzantine Greece 1876: 1867: 1858: 1856:Classical Greece 1849: 1841:(1100 BC–750 BC) 1840: 1817: 1816: 1750–1050 1814: 1810: 1801: 1800: 3100–1100 1798: 1794: 1785: 1784: 3100–1000 1782: 1778: 1763:Greek Bronze Age 1743:Neolithic Greece 1735: 1725: 1707: 1706: 1679:Chios expedition 1674:Morea expedition 1387: 1386: 1384: 1373: 1366: 1359: 1350: 1349: 1339: 1336: 1330: 1327: 1316: 1313: 1307: 1304: 1293: 1290: 1257: 1256: 1245:Algerian support 1239: 1231:Ismael Gibraltar 1229: 1228: 1217: 1216: 1205: 1204: 1193:Egyptian support 1185: 1184: 1173: 1172: 1161: 1160: 1149: 1148: 1139: 1129: 1128: 1117: 1116: 1099: 1098: 1087: 1086: 1077: 1067: 1066: 1055: 1054: 1037: 1036: 1025: 1024: 1013: 1012: 1001: 1000: 989: 988: 977:European support 969: 968: 957: 956: 939: 938: 919: 918: 909: 899: 898: 887: 886: 877:Andreas Miaoulis 875: 874: 866: 857: 856: 841:Emmanouel Pappas 839: 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20772: 20765: 20760: 20758:Bitlis uprising 20752: 20744: 20736: 20728: 20720: 20712: 20704: 20696: 20688: 20680: 20678:Thessaly Revolt 20672: 20664: 20656: 20648: 20640: 20632: 20624: 20616: 20608: 20600: 20592: 20584: 20576: 20568: 20560: 20552: 20550:Albanian Revolt 20544: 20542:Albanian Revolt 20536: 20528: 20520: 20512: 20510:Diber Rebellion 20504: 20496: 20494:Vlora Rebellion 20488: 20480: 20472: 20470:Pirot Rebellion 20464: 20462:Livno Rebellion 20456: 20448: 20440: 20432: 20424: 20416: 20408: 20400: 20392: 20384: 20376: 20368: 20360: 20352: 20344: 20336: 20328: 20320: 20312: 20299: 20292: 20287: 20279: 20271: 20263: 20255: 20247: 20239: 20231: 20223: 20221:Naousa uprising 20215: 20203: 20196: 20191: 20183: 20175: 20167: 20159: 20151: 20143: 20135: 20133:Druze rebellion 20127: 20119: 20117:Druze rebellion 20111: 20103: 20095: 20087: 20079: 20071: 20063: 20055: 20047: 20039: 20037:Cairo Rebellion 20031: 20023: 20015: 20002: 19994: 19982: 19981:Transformation 19975: 19970: 19962: 19954: 19946: 19938: 19930: 19922: 19910: 19903: 19898: 19890: 19882: 19874: 19862: 19855: 19841: 19811: 19806: 19778: 19757: 19716: 19660: 19652:Digenes Akritas 19623: 19590: 19544: 19483: 19443: 19427: 19389: 19380: 19363:25 March (1821) 19351:Grateful Hellas 19321:Hymn to Liberty 19289: 19283: 19253: 19248: 19212: 19162: 19140:Modern Olympics 19091: 18825: 18465: 18422: 18322:Mycenaean Greek 18212: 17856: 17799: 17775:Souliotic songs 17756:Public holidays 17587: 17583:Life expectancy 17544:Muslim minority 17525:names of Greece 17498: 17483: 17420:Merchant Marine 17391:Public pensions 17273: 17252: 17219: 17169:Hellenocentrism 17119: 17040: 16977: 16914: 16863: 16841:Judicial system 16835: 16811:Nationality law 16797: 16761: 16756:Maximos Mansion 16715: 16652: 16631: 16627:Protected areas 16569: 16504: 16427: 16062:Saronic Islands 16008: 15964: 15943: 15823:Ancient regions 15811: 15802:Democratization 15777:Second Republic 15762:National Schism 15699: 15694: 15688: 15612: 15604: 15531:Greek Dark Ages 15522: 15514: 15500:Helladic period 15466: 15454: 15441: 15423: 15417: 15387: 15382: 15343:Hymn to Liberty 15328: 15302:Hymn to Liberty 15197: 15148:Ioannis Filimon 15122: 15098:Prosper Baccuet 15056: 15011: 14992:Ioannis Papafis 14960: 14904: 14823: 14779:Michael Soutzos 14699: 14693: 14681: 14672:Olivier Voutier 14652: 14590:August Myhrberg 14580:Jonathan Miller 14506:Constantin Guys 14486:Charles Fabvier 14436:Joseph Balestra 14417: 14413:Nikolaos Zervas 14348:Dimitrios Varis 14288:Ioannis Stratos 14238:Dionysios Romas 14208:Andreas Pipinos 14133:Ioannis Notaras 14063:Andreas Metaxas 13918:Panos Koronaios 13718:Georgios Drakos 13698:Dionysis Diakos 13648:Stefanos Chalis 13623:Markos Botsaris 13618:Kostas Botsaris 13603:Chian Committee 13589: 13578: 13557: 13490: 13484: 13470:Third (Troezen) 13465:Second (Astros) 13441: 13393: 13354: 13288:Naval conflicts 13283: 13220: 13064: 13055:3rd Messolonghi 13050:2nd Messolonghi 13045:1st Messolonghi 12988: 12979: 12943: 12892:Napoleonic Wars 12856:Napoleonic Wars 12853: 12851: 12841: 12800: 12747: 12683: 12657: 12553: 12542: 12536: 12483:Wayback Machine 12443: 12433: 12412: 12410:Further reading 12407: 12367: 12344: 12322: 12303: 12302: 12295: 12276: 12275: 12268: 12249: 12248: 12241: 12222: 12221: 12214: 12195: 12194: 12187: 12168: 12167: 12141: 12140: 12133: 12123: 12104: 12085: 12053: 12005: 11986: 11938: 11916: 11897: 11863: 11838: 11804: 11730: 11684: 11651: 11622: 11580: 11561: 11525: 11502: 11476: 11457: 11438: 11368:Annual Register 11318: 11296: 11273: 11265:. I.B. Tauris. 11254: 11246:. I.B. Tauris. 11233: 11211: 11209: 11205: 11181: 11179: 11154: 11135: 11116: 11082:Anderson, R. C. 11074: 11057: 11029: 11024: 11023: 11013: 11011: 11008:www.nextdeal.gr 11002: 11001: 10997: 10988: 10984: 10975: 10971: 10962: 10958: 10946: 10942: 10938:, pp. 80–81, 92 10933: 10929: 10920: 10914: 10908: 10904: 10895: 10889: 10885: 10878: 10874: 10865: 10861: 10849: 10845: 10836: 10832: 10826:Wayback Machine 10817: 10813: 10807:Wayback Machine 10793: 10789: 10783:Annual Register 10780: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10759: 10757: 10751: 10747: 10738: 10732: 10728: 10718: 10716: 10712: 10704: 10703: 10699: 10690: 10684: 10680: 10671: 10667: 10659: 10655: 10647: 10643: 10634: 10630: 10614: 10610: 10601: 10595: 10591: 10582: 10575: 10566: 10562: 10553: 10549: 10540: 10533: 10524: 10520: 10511: 10507: 10498: 10494: 10485: 10481: 10472: 10468: 10459: 10452: 10443: 10436: 10431: 10427: 10418: 10414: 10405: 10401: 10392: 10388: 10379: 10372: 10363: 10359: 10350: 10346: 10337: 10333: 10324: 10320: 10311: 10307: 10298: 10291: 10283: 10270: 10262: 10255: 10247: 10236: 10227: 10223: 10214: 10210: 10201: 10197: 10188: 10181: 10172: 10168: 10159: 10152: 10143: 10139: 10130: 10123: 10114: 10110: 10101: 10097: 10088: 10084: 10075: 10068: 10060: 10049: 10040: 10036: 10027: 10020: 10011: 10007: 9998: 9991: 9982: 9978: 9969: 9965: 9956: 9952: 9943: 9939: 9930: 9926: 9917: 9913: 9904: 9897: 9888: 9884: 9875: 9871: 9862: 9856: 9852: 9843: 9839: 9834: 9829:Dimitropoulos, 9828: 9821: 9816: 9811:Dimitropoulos, 9810: 9803: 9798: 9794: 9789: 9785: 9776: 9772: 9763: 9759: 9750: 9746: 9737: 9733: 9724: 9717: 9708: 9704: 9695: 9691: 9682: 9678: 9669: 9665: 9656: 9652: 9643: 9636: 9627: 9623: 9614: 9610: 9602: 9598: 9590: 9586: 9577: 9573: 9568: 9564: 9556: 9545: 9537:Daniel Panzac, 9536: 9532: 9527: 9523: 9515: 9511: 9500: 9484: 9477: 9472: 9465: 9455: 9453: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9430: 9426: 9417: 9413: 9404: 9400: 9391: 9387: 9378: 9374: 9365: 9361: 9352: 9348: 9339: 9335: 9326: 9322: 9313: 9309: 9300: 9296: 9287: 9283: 9275: 9271: 9264: 9248: 9244: 9235: 9228: 9219: 9215: 9206: 9202: 9193: 9189: 9180: 9176: 9167: 9163: 9154: 9150: 9141: 9130: 9125: 9119: 9115: 9110: 9104: 9100: 9091: 9087: 9079: 9072: 9063: 9059: 9049: 9047: 9042: 9041: 9037: 9027: 9025: 9016: 9015: 9011: 8998: 8997: 8993: 8984: 8980: 8972: 8968: 8960: 8949: 8941: 8937: 8928: 8924: 8915: 8911: 8902: 8898: 8890: 8879: 8870: 8863: 8854: 8850: 8841: 8837: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8807: 8800: 8791: 8787: 8778: 8774: 8765: 8761: 8756: 8752: 8743: 8739: 8734: 8730: 8725: 8721: 8712: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8694: 8689: 8685: 8680: 8674: 8670: 8656: 8652: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8616: 8612: 8603: 8596: 8583: 8579: 8574: 8570: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8534: 8530: 8525: 8521: 8512: 8508: 8499: 8493: 8489: 8480: 8476: 8463: 8462: 8458: 8445: 8444: 8440: 8431: 8424: 8415: 8408: 8399: 8395: 8386: 8377: 8368: 8364: 8355: 8349: 8343: 8339: 8330: 8326: 8317: 8313: 8304: 8300: 8290: 8288: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8265: 8263: 8248: 8239: 8230: 8226: 8217: 8213: 8204: 8197: 8188: 8182: 8178: 8169: 8165: 8156: 8152: 8143: 8139: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8115: 8108: 8099: 8095: 8086: 8082: 8075: 8059: 8055: 8046: 8039: 8034: 8030: 8019: 8015: 8000: 7984: 7980: 7969: 7965: 7954: 7950: 7939: 7935: 7924: 7920: 7915:Wayback Machine 7901: 7894: 7885: 7881: 7872: 7868: 7859: 7855: 7846: 7839: 7830: 7826: 7817: 7813: 7804: 7800: 7791: 7787: 7782: 7776: 7770: 7766: 7757: 7750: 7741: 7737: 7728: 7724: 7715: 7709: 7705: 7696: 7692: 7683: 7679: 7660: 7656: 7647: 7641: 7637: 7629: 7625: 7616: 7609: 7600: 7593: 7588: 7584: 7577: 7563: 7559: 7550: 7546: 7539: 7523: 7519: 7504: 7474:. 2 April 2024. 7470: 7469: 7465: 7448: 7444: 7434: 7432: 7422: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7407: 7401: 7397: 7392: 7388: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7361: 7348: 7344: 7338: 7334: 7329: 7325: 7308: 7304: 7298:Greek Rebellion 7286:Ottoman Turkish 7259: 7255: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7234: 7229: 7182: 7066:Νίκος Ξυλούρης 6997:Hymn to Liberty 6970:Hymn to Liberty 6955:Symphony "1821" 6942: 6937: 6931: 6924: 6922:Markos Botsaris 6918: 6909: 6906: 6897: 6891: 6882: 6876: 6867: 6861: 6852: 6846: 6837: 6830: 6821: 6814: 6805: 6802: 6793: 6783: 6774: 6768: 6751: 6735:parts of Epirus 6645: 6605:Naousa massacre 6544: 6538: 6488:Lord Palmerston 6484:July Revolution 6465:King of Belgium 6463:and the future 6453: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6431:Otto of Bavaria 6422: 6421: 6420: 6412: 6411: 6330: 6298:Battle of Petra 6126: 6120: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6016:Tsar Nicholas I 6014: 5999: 5998: 5997: 5989: 5988: 5977: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5830: 5792:Gulf of Corinth 5645: 5635: 5626:Kitsos Tzavelas 5547: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5515: 5514: 5503: 5497: 5481:Markos Botsaris 5450:Markos Botsaris 5411:Andreas Pipinos 5355:Hymn to Liberty 5323: 5165:, today in the 5147: 5048: 5037: 5031: 5028: 5017: 5005: 4994: 4986:northern Aegean 4980:, Siatista and 4765: 4646: 4641: 4551: 4545: 4429:, President of 4420: 4372: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4333: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4300: 4299: 4262:(27 March). In 4258:(24 March) and 4237: 4027: 3991:Cozia Monastery 3906:Michael Soutzos 3851: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3765:Because of the 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3694: 3688: 3562: 3556: 3524:Rigas Feraios, 3451:Peter the Great 3397: 3391: 3383:Giannis Stathas 3379:Markos Botsaris 3261: 3124: 3118: 3113: 3107: 3083:London Protocol 2981:Greek uprisings 2918: 2880: 2875: 2874: 2531: 2523: 2522: 2394: 2386: 2385: 2346: 2338: 2337: 2308: 2271: 2234:North Macedonia 2195: 2183: 2147: 2145: 2140: 2139: 2085: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2064: 2055: 2046: 2032:Axis occupation 2028: 2019: 2010: 2005:National Schism 2001: 1992: 1983: 1974: 1964: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1922: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1899: 1892: 1890:Medieval Greece 1882: 1881: 1877:(146 BC–330 AD) 1870: 1861: 1859:(500 BC–323 BC) 1852: 1850:(800 BC–480 BC) 1843: 1838:Greek Dark Ages 1833: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1804: 1799: 1788: 1783: 1772: 1765: 1755: 1754: 1745: 1723: 1716: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1650: 1621:3rd Messolonghi 1582: 1574: 1550:2nd Messolonghi 1540:1st Messolonghi 1484: 1395:Outbreak (1821) 1388: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1377: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1306:From 1821–1823. 1305: 1296: 1291: 1282: 1263: 1251: 1243: 1235: 1223: 1211: 1199: 1191: 1179: 1167: 1155: 1143: 1135: 1123: 1111: 1093: 1081: 1073: 1061: 1049: 1043: 1031: 1019: 1007: 1003:Lodewijk Heiden 995: 983: 975: 963: 951: 933: 925: 913: 905: 893: 881: 869: 851: 833: 821: 809: 801: 797:Markos Botsaris 789: 785:Andreas Metaxas 777: 769: 757: 733: 721: 709: 691: 679: 667: 655: 643: 631: 613: 600: 590: 588: 576: 574: 561: 559: 546: 544: 531: 529: 525: 524: 508: 506: 502: 491: 489: 477: 475: 471: 470: 463: 451: 449: 436: 434: 422: 420: 416:revolutionaries 408: 406: 405: 401:revolutionaries 392: 390: 379: 377: 365: 362: 361: 354: 343: 341: 334: 324: 322: 314: 312: 302: 300: 288: 278: 276: 266: 264: 252: 250: 238: 236: 226: 224: 214: 212: 209: 208: 193: 191: 151:Saronic Islands 133: 119: 101: 74:. Bottom left: 57: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 21038: 21028: 21027: 21022: 21017: 21012: 21007: 21002: 20997: 20992: 20987: 20982: 20977: 20972: 20967: 20962: 20957: 20952: 20935: 20934: 20932: 20931: 20923: 20915: 20907: 20899: 20891: 20883: 20875: 20867: 20859: 20851: 20843: 20835: 20827: 20819: 20811: 20803: 20795: 20787: 20778: 20776: 20767: 20766: 20764: 20763: 20755: 20747: 20742:Theriso revolt 20739: 20734:Shoubak revolt 20731: 20723: 20715: 20707: 20699: 20691: 20683: 20675: 20667: 20659: 20651: 20643: 20635: 20627: 20619: 20611: 20603: 20595: 20587: 20582:Doljani Revolt 20579: 20571: 20563: 20555: 20547: 20539: 20531: 20523: 20515: 20507: 20499: 20491: 20483: 20475: 20467: 20459: 20451: 20443: 20435: 20427: 20419: 20411: 20403: 20395: 20387: 20379: 20371: 20363: 20355: 20347: 20339: 20331: 20323: 20315: 20305: 20303: 20294: 20293: 20291: 20290: 20282: 20274: 20266: 20258: 20250: 20242: 20234: 20226: 20218: 20209: 20207: 20198: 20197: 20195: 20194: 20186: 20178: 20170: 20162: 20154: 20149:Çınar Incident 20146: 20138: 20130: 20122: 20114: 20106: 20098: 20090: 20082: 20074: 20066: 20058: 20050: 20042: 20034: 20026: 20018: 20010: 20005: 19997: 19988: 19986: 19977: 19976: 19974: 19973: 19965: 19957: 19949: 19941: 19933: 19925: 19916: 19914: 19909:Classical Age 19905: 19904: 19902: 19901: 19893: 19885: 19877: 19868: 19866: 19857: 19856: 19853:Ottoman Empire 19840: 19839: 19832: 19825: 19817: 19808: 19807: 19805: 19804: 19794: 19783: 19780: 19779: 19777: 19776: 19771: 19765: 19763: 19759: 19758: 19756: 19755: 19750: 19748:Saint Nicholas 19745: 19740: 19735: 19724: 19722: 19718: 19717: 19715: 19714: 19709: 19704: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19674: 19668: 19666: 19662: 19661: 19659: 19658: 19645: 19631: 19629: 19628:National epics 19625: 19624: 19622: 19621: 19619:Kostis Palamas 19608: 19598: 19596: 19595:National poets 19592: 19591: 19589: 19588: 19583: 19578: 19573: 19568: 19563: 19558: 19552: 19550: 19546: 19545: 19543: 19542: 19537: 19532: 19527: 19522: 19517: 19512: 19507: 19502: 19497: 19491: 19489: 19485: 19484: 19482: 19481: 19476: 19471: 19466: 19461: 19455: 19453: 19449: 19448: 19445: 19444: 19442: 19441: 19435: 19433: 19429: 19428: 19426: 19425: 19420: 19415: 19410: 19404: 19402: 19395: 19391: 19390: 19383: 19381: 19379: 19378: 19376:Blue and white 19373: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19357: 19348: 19337: 19334: 19327: 19324: 19317: 19313: 19312: 19305: 19297: 19295: 19291: 19290: 19282: 19281: 19274: 19267: 19259: 19250: 19249: 19247: 19246: 19236: 19225: 19222: 19221: 19218: 19217: 19214: 19213: 19211: 19210: 19205: 19200: 19195: 19190: 19181: 19176: 19170: 19168: 19164: 19163: 19161: 19160: 19155: 19137: 19132: 19127: 19122: 19117: 19112: 19107: 19101: 19099: 19093: 19092: 19090: 19089: 19087:Wayside shrine 19084: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19059: 19054: 19049: 18987: 18982: 18977: 18972: 18970:Kallikantzaros 18967: 18957: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18919: 18914: 18909: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18848:Modern Revival 18836: 18834: 18827: 18826: 18824: 18823: 18813: 18808: 18713:Byzantine lyra 18694: 18684: 18679: 18674: 18632: 18627: 18592:Rougatsiarikos 18481: 18475: 18473: 18467: 18466: 18464: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18432: 18430: 18424: 18423: 18421: 18420: 18418:Words for love 18415: 18410: 18401: 18359: 18341: 18334:Medieval Greek 18315: 18310: 18263:Greek language 18260: 18226:Greek alphabet 18222: 18220: 18214: 18213: 18211: 18210: 18136: 18117: 18112: 18093: 18075: 18060: 18055: 18045: 18030:Galaktoboureko 18015: 17973: 17934: 17932:List of dishes 17929: 17890: 17866: 17864: 17858: 17857: 17855: 17854: 17849: 17839: 17829: 17820: 17809: 17807: 17801: 17800: 17798: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17770:Rouketopolemos 17767: 17753: 17748: 17746:Plate smashing 17743: 17734: 17729: 17727:Naming customs 17724: 17719: 17714: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17679: 17674: 17669: 17664: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17603: 17597: 17595: 17589: 17588: 17586: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17537: 17532: 17518: 17512: 17510: 17500: 17499: 17489: 17488: 17485: 17484: 17482: 17481: 17476: 17461:Transportation 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17423: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17363: 17358: 17344: 17339: 17329: 17326:electric power 17319: 17314: 17309: 17299: 17289: 17284: 17278: 17275: 17274: 17262: 17261: 17258: 17257: 17254: 17253: 17251: 17250: 17245: 17243:Regional units 17240: 17235: 17229: 17227: 17221: 17220: 17218: 17217: 17212: 17198: 17180: 17162: 17148: 17138: 17127: 17125: 17121: 17120: 17118: 17117: 17112: 17107: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17069: 17059: 17054: 17048: 17046: 17042: 17041: 17039: 17038: 17033: 17031:National Guard 17028: 17018: 17013: 17011:Military ranks 17008: 17003: 16998: 16993: 16987: 16985: 16979: 16978: 16976: 16975: 16973:United Nations 16970: 16965: 16960: 16955: 16945: 16943:European Union 16940: 16935: 16933:Cyprus dispute 16930: 16928:Aegean dispute 16924: 16922: 16916: 16915: 16913: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16887: 16882: 16877: 16871: 16869: 16865: 16864: 16862: 16861: 16856: 16854:Court of Audit 16851: 16845: 16843: 16837: 16836: 16834: 16833: 16828: 16826:Pasokification 16823: 16818: 16813: 16807: 16805: 16799: 16798: 16796: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16775: 16769: 16767: 16763: 16762: 16760: 16759: 16752:Prime Minister 16749: 16739: 16729: 16723: 16721: 16717: 16716: 16714: 16713: 16708: 16682: 16666: 16664: 16654: 16653: 16641: 16640: 16637: 16636: 16633: 16632: 16630: 16629: 16624: 16622:National Parks 16619: 16610: 16605: 16600: 16595: 16585: 16579: 16577: 16571: 16570: 16568: 16567: 16562: 16557: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16520: 16514: 16512: 16506: 16505: 16503: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16487: 16469: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16435: 16433: 16429: 16428: 16426: 16425: 16407: 16381: 16347: 16321: 16259: 16228:Ionian Islands 16225: 16203: 16137: 16087: 16065: 16022:Central Greece 16018: 16016: 16010: 16009: 16007: 16006: 16001: 15999:Extreme points 15996: 15982: 15976: 15974: 15966: 15965: 15953: 15952: 15949: 15948: 15945: 15944: 15942: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15836:Ottoman Greeks 15829: 15819: 15817: 15813: 15812: 15810: 15809: 15807:Third Republic 15804: 15799: 15797:Military junta 15794: 15789: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15742:First Republic 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15722:Ottoman Greece 15719: 15704: 15702: 15690: 15689: 15687: 15686: 15681: 15668: 15663: 15661:Fourth Crusade 15658: 15653: 15648: 15643: 15638: 15633: 15628: 15623: 15617: 15615: 15606: 15605: 15603: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15553: 15548: 15543: 15541:Archaic period 15538: 15533: 15527: 15525: 15516: 15515: 15513: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15471: 15469: 15456: 15455: 15443: 15442: 15440: 15439: 15434: 15428: 15425: 15424: 15416: 15415: 15408: 15401: 15393: 15384: 15383: 15381: 15380: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15336: 15334: 15330: 15329: 15327: 15326: 15319: 15312: 15305: 15298: 15291: 15284: 15277: 15270: 15263: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15244:Andreas Kalvos 15241: 15239:Karl Krazeisen 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15219:Peter von Hess 15216: 15211: 15205: 15203: 15199: 15198: 15196: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15145: 15140: 15134: 15132: 15128: 15127: 15124: 15123: 15121: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15093:Gabriel Bibron 15090: 15085: 15080: 15078:Pierre Peytier 15075: 15070: 15064: 15062: 15058: 15057: 15055: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15028: 15026: 15019: 15013: 15012: 15010: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14968: 14966: 14962: 14961: 14959: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14941:Henri de Rigny 14938: 14933: 14928: 14926:George Canning 14922: 14920: 14906: 14905: 14903: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14841: 14839: 14829:Ottoman Empire 14825: 14824: 14822: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14784:Roxani Soutzos 14781: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14739:Rallou Karatza 14736: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14705: 14703: 14683: 14682: 14680: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14667:David Urquhart 14664: 14659: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14615:Maxime Raybaud 14612: 14607: 14605:Maurice Persat 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14576: 14575: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14536:Karl Krazeisen 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14466:Richard Church 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14427: 14425: 14419: 14418: 14416: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14395: 14393:Andreas Zaimis 14390: 14385: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14268:Zisis Sotiriou 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14235: 14230: 14228:Ioannis Rangos 14225: 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14175: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14153:Georgios Panou 14150: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13998:Andreas Londos 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13808:George Kalaras 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13788:Angelis Govios 13785: 13780: 13775: 13773:Ioannis Gouras 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13743:Angelis Gatsos 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13628:Notis Botsaris 13625: 13620: 13615: 13613:Fotos Bomporis 13610: 13605: 13599: 13597: 13591: 13590: 13583: 13580: 13579: 13577: 13576: 13571: 13565: 13563: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13494: 13492: 13486: 13485: 13483: 13482: 13477: 13475:Fourth (Argos) 13472: 13467: 13462: 13451: 13449: 13443: 13442: 13440: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13409: 13403: 13401: 13395: 13394: 13392: 13391: 13384: 13377: 13370: 13362: 13360: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13291: 13289: 13285: 13284: 13282: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13234:Constantinople 13230: 13228: 13222: 13221: 13219: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 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12544: 12543: 12535: 12534: 12527: 12520: 12512: 12506: 12505: 12485: 12473: 12468: 12456: 12442: 12441:External links 12439: 12438: 12437: 12432:978-0141978758 12431: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12405: 12384: 12376:Balkan Studies 12371: 12365: 12348: 12342: 12329: 12316: 12289: 12262: 12235: 12208: 12181: 12154: 12127: 12121: 12108: 12102: 12089: 12083: 12070: 12057: 12052:978-1558499591 12051: 12038: 12026:10.1086/238781 12020:(2): 157–173. 12009: 12004:978-9607293213 12003: 11990: 11984: 11971: 11942: 11936: 11920: 11914: 11901: 11896:978-1906924003 11895: 11867: 11862:978-1501715785 11861: 11842: 11836: 11819: 11808: 11803:978-9754284256 11802: 11796:. Isis Press. 11789: 11779: 11763: 11762: 11761: 11752: 11743: 11728: 11715: 11698: 11688: 11682: 11669: 11667:978-1680539424 11655: 11649: 11636: 11626: 11620: 11605: 11584: 11578: 11565: 11559: 11546: 11534:Mani's History 11529: 11523: 11506: 11500: 11484:Howarth, David 11480: 11475:978-0198205913 11474: 11461: 11456:978-2728312108 11455: 11442: 11436: 11419: 11399:10.1086/237518 11393:(3): 235–250. 11382: 11380:. CUP Archive. 11373: 11362: 11353: 11343:(2): 247–257. 11332: 11322: 11316: 11304:Dakin, Douglas 11300: 11294: 11277: 11271: 11258: 11252: 11237: 11231: 11218: 11188: 11158: 11152: 11139: 11134:978-0415775144 11133: 11120: 11114: 11100: 11078: 11072: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11052: 11051: 11048:978-0748636068 11033: 11028: 11025: 11022: 11021: 10995: 10982: 10980:, pp. 229–234. 10969: 10956: 10940: 10927: 10902: 10883: 10872: 10859: 10843: 10830: 10811: 10787: 10745: 10726: 10697: 10678: 10665: 10663:, p. 345. 10653: 10641: 10628: 10624:978-9602043110 10608: 10589: 10573: 10560: 10558:, pp. 236–237. 10547: 10545:, pp. 231–234. 10531: 10518: 10512:Brewer, David 10505: 10499:Brewer, David 10492: 10486:Brewer, David 10479: 10466: 10460:Brewer, David 10450: 10444:Brewer, David 10434: 10425: 10412: 10399: 10386: 10380:Brewer, David 10370: 10364:Brewer, David 10357: 10351:Brewer, David 10344: 10338:Brewer, David 10331: 10325:Brewer, David 10318: 10312:Brewer, David 10305: 10299:Brewer, David 10289: 10287:, p. 300. 10268: 10266:, p. 311. 10253: 10251:, p. 310. 10234: 10228:Brewer, David 10221: 10217:Mani's History 10208: 10204:Mani's History 10195: 10189:Brewer, David 10179: 10173:Brewer, David 10166: 10160:Brewer, David 10150: 10137: 10121: 10108: 10106:, pp. 192–194. 10095: 10093:, pp. 233–234. 10082: 10076:Brewer, David 10066: 10064:, p. 246. 10047: 10041:Brewer, David 10034: 10018: 10005: 9999:Brewer, David 9989: 9983:Brewer, David 9976: 9963: 9957:Brewer, David 9950: 9944:Brewer, David 9937: 9931:Brewer, David 9924: 9918:Brewer, David 9911: 9905:Brewer, David 9895: 9889:Brewer, David 9882: 9876:Brewer, David 9869: 9850: 9844:Brewer, David 9837: 9819: 9801: 9792: 9783: 9770: 9764:Brewer, David 9757: 9744: 9738:Brewer, David 9731: 9725:Brewer, David 9715: 9709:Brewer, David 9702: 9696:Brewer, David 9689: 9676: 9670:Brewer, David 9663: 9657:Brewer, David 9650: 9644:Brewer, David 9634: 9628:Brewer, David 9621: 9615:Brewer, David 9608: 9606:, p. 165. 9596: 9594:, p. 158. 9584: 9578:Brewer, David 9571: 9562: 9560:, p. 188. 9543: 9541:, 2009, p. 270 9530: 9521: 9509: 9499:978-0698163980 9498: 9475: 9463: 9437: 9431:Vacalopoulos, 9424: 9418:Vacalopoulos, 9411: 9405:Vacalopoulos, 9398: 9392:Vacalopoulos, 9385: 9379:Vacalopoulos, 9372: 9366:Vacalopoulos, 9359: 9353:Vacalopoulos, 9346: 9340:Vacalopoulos, 9333: 9320: 9314:Vacalopoulos, 9307: 9301:Vacalopoulos, 9294: 9288:Vacalopoulos, 9281: 9276:Vacalopoulos, 9269: 9263:978-1850433873 9262: 9242: 9226: 9213: 9200: 9187: 9183:Greek Auditors 9174: 9161: 9148: 9128: 9113: 9098: 9085: 9083:, p. 127. 9070: 9064:Brewer, David 9057: 9035: 9009: 8991: 8985:Brewer, David 8978: 8976:, p. 142. 8966: 8964:, p. 141. 8947: 8935: 8929:David Brewer, 8922: 8916:Brewer, David 8909: 8903:Brewer, David 8896: 8894:, p. 138. 8877: 8871:Brewer, David 8861: 8855:Brewer, David 8848: 8842:Brewer, David 8835: 8822:978-1468312515 8821: 8798: 8792:Brewer, David 8785: 8779:Brewer, David 8772: 8766:Brewer, David 8759: 8750: 8744:Brewer, David 8737: 8728: 8719: 8706: 8692: 8683: 8677:Mani's History 8668: 8650: 8632: 8628:Πελοποννησιακά 8620:Peloponnesiaka 8610: 8604:Brewer, David 8594: 8577: 8568: 8555:978-0521004794 8554: 8528: 8519: 8506: 8504:, pp. 143–144. 8487: 8474: 8456: 8438: 8422: 8406: 8393: 8375: 8362: 8337: 8324: 8311: 8298: 8273: 8262:on 10 May 2008 8237: 8224: 8211: 8209:, pp. 204–205. 8195: 8176: 8163: 8150: 8137: 8124: 8106: 8093: 8080: 8074:978-0191053511 8073: 8067:. OUP Oxford. 8053: 8037: 8028: 8013: 7999:978-1400876020 7998: 7978: 7963: 7948: 7933: 7918: 7892: 7879: 7877:, pp. 156–157. 7866: 7853: 7837: 7831:Vacalopoulos, 7824: 7811: 7798: 7796:, pp. 9, 40–41 7785: 7764: 7748: 7735: 7731:Mani's History 7722: 7703: 7699:Mani's History 7690: 7686:Mani's History 7677: 7654: 7635: 7623: 7607: 7591: 7582: 7576:978-0521543231 7575: 7557: 7544: 7538:978-0465008506 7537: 7517: 7503:978-3031108488 7502: 7463: 7442: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7395: 7386: 7373: 7359: 7342: 7332: 7323: 7302: 7253: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7181: 7178: 7175: 7174: 7171: 7163: 7154: 7153: 7150: 7145:George Dalaras 7142: 7140:Να'τανε Το 21 7133: 7132: 7129: 7123: 7118:Perifanoi Oloi 7114: 7113: 7110: 7102: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7081: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7063:Nikos Xilouris 7060: 7051: 7050: 7047: 7041: 7032: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7002:Ottoman Empire 6941: 6938: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6919: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6900: 6898: 6892: 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5402:Chios massacre 5339:Peter von Hess 5322: 5319: 5179:Ottoman Empire 5161:' famous brig 5146: 5143: 5050: 5049: 5008: 5006: 4999: 4993: 4990: 4947:Aggelis Gatsos 4838:Yeniceri Agasi 4764: 4761: 4749:Frangokastello 4711:Frangokastello 4665:Daskalogiannis 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4617:local statutes 4544: 4541: 4501:Edward Everett 4419: 4416: 4371: 4368: 4312: 4311: 4302: 4301: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4252:Central Greece 4236: 4235:Central Greece 4233: 4195:, the town of 4053:Peter von Hess 4026: 4023: 3989:to be sung in 3983:Râmnicu Vâlcea 3865:Peter von Hess 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3827:ancient Greece 3761: 3760: 3751: 3750: 3690:Main article: 3687: 3684: 3624:Ionian Islands 3558:Main article: 3555: 3552: 3530: 3529: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3511: 3420:Anthimos Gazis 3390: 3387: 3361:, klephts and 3342:, forcing the 3260: 3257: 3122:Ottoman Greece 3117: 3114: 3106: 3103: 3099:king of Greece 3048:Ottoman Sultan 3036:Central Greece 3001:Constantinople 2985:Mani Peninsula 2977:Mani Peninsula 2973:Ionian Islands 2954:Russian Empire 2946:British Empire 2942:Ottoman Empire 2920: 2919: 2917: 2916: 2909: 2902: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2877: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2860: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2620:Italian states 2612: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2513:Tax resistance 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2414:Class conflict 2411: 2406: 2404:Civil disorder 2401: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2340: 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19713: 19710: 19708: 19705: 19703: 19700: 19698: 19695: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19673: 19670: 19669: 19667: 19663: 19657: 19653: 19649: 19646: 19644: 19640: 19636: 19633: 19632: 19630: 19626: 19620: 19616: 19612: 19609: 19607: 19603: 19600: 19599: 19597: 19593: 19587: 19584: 19582: 19579: 19577: 19574: 19572: 19569: 19567: 19564: 19562: 19559: 19557: 19554: 19553: 19551: 19547: 19541: 19538: 19536: 19533: 19531: 19528: 19526: 19523: 19521: 19518: 19516: 19513: 19511: 19508: 19506: 19503: 19501: 19498: 19496: 19493: 19492: 19490: 19486: 19480: 19477: 19475: 19472: 19470: 19469:Mount Olympus 19467: 19465: 19462: 19460: 19457: 19456: 19454: 19450: 19440: 19437: 19436: 19434: 19430: 19424: 19421: 19419: 19416: 19414: 19411: 19409: 19406: 19405: 19403: 19399: 19396: 19394:Other symbols 19392: 19387: 19377: 19374: 19371: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19358: 19356: 19352: 19349: 19347: 19343: 19342: 19338: 19335: 19333: 19332: 19328: 19325: 19323: 19322: 19318: 19315: 19314: 19311: 19310: 19306: 19304: 19303: 19299: 19298: 19296: 19292: 19288: 19280: 19275: 19273: 19268: 19266: 19261: 19260: 19257: 19245: 19241: 19237: 19235: 19227: 19226: 19223: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19201: 19199: 19196: 19194: 19191: 19189: 19185: 19182: 19180: 19177: 19175: 19172: 19171: 19169: 19165: 19159: 19156: 19153: 19149: 19145: 19141: 19138: 19136: 19133: 19131: 19128: 19126: 19123: 19121: 19118: 19116: 19113: 19111: 19108: 19106: 19103: 19102: 19100: 19098: 19094: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19058: 19057:Protestantism 19055: 19053: 19050: 19047: 19043: 19039: 19035: 19031: 19027: 19023: 19019: 19015: 19011: 19007: 19003: 18999: 18995: 18991: 18988: 18986: 18983: 18981: 18978: 18976: 18973: 18971: 18968: 18965: 18961: 18958: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18935: 18931: 18927: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18913: 18910: 18907: 18903: 18899: 18895: 18891: 18887: 18883: 18879: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18849: 18845: 18841: 18838: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18828: 18821: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18806: 18802: 18798: 18794: 18790: 18786: 18782: 18778: 18774: 18770: 18766: 18762: 18758: 18754: 18750: 18746: 18742: 18738: 18734: 18730: 18726: 18722: 18718: 18714: 18710: 18706: 18702: 18698: 18695: 18692: 18688: 18685: 18683: 18682:Ionian School 18680: 18678: 18675: 18672: 18668: 18664: 18660: 18659:Peloponnesian 18656: 18652: 18648: 18644: 18640: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18625: 18621: 18617: 18613: 18609: 18605: 18601: 18597: 18593: 18589: 18585: 18581: 18577: 18573: 18569: 18565: 18561: 18557: 18553: 18549: 18545: 18541: 18537: 18533: 18529: 18525: 18521: 18517: 18513: 18509: 18505: 18501: 18497: 18493: 18489: 18485: 18482: 18480: 18477: 18476: 18474: 18472: 18468: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18456:Media freedom 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18433: 18431: 18429: 18425: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18405: 18402: 18399: 18395: 18391: 18387: 18383: 18379: 18378:Balkan Romani 18375: 18371: 18367: 18363: 18360: 18357: 18353: 18349: 18345: 18342: 18339: 18335: 18331: 18327: 18326:Ancient Greek 18323: 18319: 18316: 18314: 18311: 18308: 18304: 18300: 18296: 18292: 18288: 18284: 18280: 18276: 18272: 18268: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18255: 18251: 18247: 18246:Cyrillization 18243: 18239: 18235: 18231: 18227: 18224: 18223: 18221: 18219: 18215: 18208: 18204: 18200: 18196: 18192: 18188: 18184: 18180: 18176: 18172: 18168: 18164: 18160: 18156: 18152: 18148: 18144: 18140: 18137: 18134: 18130: 18126: 18122: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18110: 18106: 18102: 18098: 18094: 18091: 18087: 18083: 18079: 18076: 18073: 18069: 18065: 18061: 18059: 18056: 18053: 18049: 18046: 18043: 18039: 18035: 18031: 18027: 18023: 18019: 18016: 18013: 18009: 18005: 18001: 17997: 17993: 17989: 17985: 17981: 17977: 17974: 17971: 17970:Frappé coffee 17967: 17963: 17959: 17955: 17951: 17947: 17943: 17939: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17927: 17923: 17919: 17915: 17911: 17907: 17903: 17899: 17895: 17891: 17888: 17884: 17880: 17876: 17872: 17868: 17867: 17865: 17863: 17859: 17853: 17852:Religious art 17850: 17847: 17843: 17840: 17837: 17833: 17830: 17828: 17824: 17821: 17818: 17814: 17811: 17810: 17808: 17806: 17802: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17765: 17761: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17741:Hellenophobia 17738: 17737:Philhellenism 17735: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17712: 17708: 17704: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17692:Hellenization 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17667:Eastern Party 17665: 17662: 17658: 17654: 17650: 17646: 17645:Mariner's cap 17642: 17638: 17634: 17630: 17626: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17598: 17596: 17594: 17590: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17573: 17569: 17565: 17561: 17557: 17553: 17549: 17545: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17530: 17526: 17522: 17519: 17517: 17514: 17513: 17511: 17509: 17505: 17501: 17494: 17490: 17480: 17477: 17474: 17470: 17466: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17429: 17427: 17424: 17421: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17404: 17401: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17362: 17359: 17356: 17352: 17348: 17345: 17343: 17340: 17337: 17333: 17330: 17327: 17323: 17320: 17318: 17315: 17313: 17310: 17307: 17303: 17300: 17297: 17293: 17290: 17288: 17285: 17283: 17280: 17279: 17276: 17272: 17267: 17263: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17230: 17228: 17226: 17222: 17216: 17213: 17210: 17206: 17202: 17199: 17196: 17192: 17188: 17184: 17181: 17178: 17174: 17170: 17166: 17163: 17160: 17156: 17155:Republicanism 17152: 17149: 17146: 17142: 17139: 17136: 17132: 17129: 17128: 17126: 17122: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17085: 17081: 17077: 17073: 17070: 17067: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17049: 17047: 17045:Social issues 17043: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17026: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17007: 17004: 17002: 16999: 16997: 16994: 16992: 16989: 16988: 16986: 16984: 16980: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16953: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16925: 16923: 16921: 16917: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16895: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16872: 16870: 16866: 16860: 16859:Supreme Court 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16846: 16844: 16842: 16838: 16832: 16829: 16827: 16824: 16822: 16819: 16817: 16814: 16812: 16809: 16808: 16806: 16804: 16800: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16783: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16770: 16768: 16764: 16757: 16753: 16750: 16747: 16743: 16740: 16737: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16724: 16722: 16718: 16712: 16709: 16706: 16702: 16698: 16694: 16690: 16686: 16685:Constitutions 16683: 16680: 16676: 16672: 16668: 16667: 16665: 16663: 16659: 16655: 16651: 16646: 16642: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16620: 16618: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16593: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16581: 16580: 16578: 16576: 16572: 16566: 16563: 16561: 16558: 16555: 16551: 16547: 16543: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16515: 16513: 16511: 16507: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16485: 16481: 16477: 16473: 16470: 16467: 16463: 16459: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16436: 16434: 16430: 16423: 16419: 16415: 16411: 16408: 16405: 16401: 16397: 16393: 16389: 16385: 16382: 16379: 16375: 16371: 16367: 16363: 16359: 16355: 16351: 16348: 16345: 16341: 16337: 16333: 16329: 16325: 16322: 16319: 16315: 16311: 16307: 16303: 16299: 16295: 16291: 16287: 16283: 16279: 16275: 16271: 16267: 16263: 16260: 16257: 16253: 16249: 16245: 16241: 16237: 16233: 16229: 16226: 16223: 16219: 16215: 16211: 16207: 16204: 16201: 16197: 16193: 16189: 16185: 16181: 16177: 16173: 16169: 16165: 16161: 16157: 16153: 16149: 16145: 16141: 16138: 16135: 16131: 16127: 16123: 16119: 16115: 16111: 16107: 16103: 16099: 16095: 16091: 16088: 16085: 16081: 16077: 16073: 16069: 16066: 16063: 16059: 16055: 16051: 16047: 16043: 16039: 16035: 16031: 16027: 16023: 16020: 16019: 16017: 16015: 16011: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15994: 15990: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15977: 15975: 15971: 15967: 15963: 15958: 15954: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15924: 15920: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15881:Greek Muslims 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15861: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15824: 15821: 15820: 15818: 15814: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15717: 15713: 15709: 15706: 15705: 15703: 15698: 15691: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15676: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15639: 15637: 15634: 15632: 15629: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15618: 15616: 15611: 15607: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15528: 15526: 15521: 15517: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15475:Neolithic Age 15473: 15472: 15470: 15467:(pre-1100 BC) 15465: 15461: 15457: 15453: 15448: 15444: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15421: 15414: 15409: 15407: 15402: 15400: 15395: 15394: 15391: 15378: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15368:Royal Phalanx 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15338: 15337: 15335: 15331: 15325: 15324: 15320: 15318: 15317: 15313: 15311: 15310: 15306: 15304: 15303: 15299: 15297: 15296: 15292: 15290: 15289: 15285: 15283: 15282: 15278: 15276: 15275: 15271: 15269: 15268: 15264: 15262: 15261: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15206: 15204: 15200: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15153:George Finlay 15151: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15135: 15133: 15129: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15065: 15063: 15059: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15029: 15027: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15014: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14969: 14967: 14965:Financial aid 14963: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14923: 14921: 14919: 14915: 14911: 14907: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14895:Ibrahim Pasha 14893: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14850:Hurshid Pasha 14848: 14846: 14843: 14842: 14840: 14838: 14834: 14830: 14826: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14706: 14704: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14688: 14684: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14656: 14651: 14650:German Legion 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14574: 14573: 14569: 14568: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14531:George Jarvis 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14501:Thomas Gordon 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14476:Lord Cochrane 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14428: 14426: 14424: 14420: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14373:Pieros Voidis 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14358:Domna Visvizi 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14338:Loukas Vagias 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14103:Zachos Milios 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14093:Spyros Milios 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13596: 13592: 13588: 13587: 13586:Personalities 13581: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13566: 13564: 13560: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13495: 13493: 13487: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13460: 13456: 13453: 13452: 13450: 13448: 13444: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13404: 13402: 13400: 13396: 13390: 13389: 13385: 13383: 13382: 13378: 13376: 13375: 13371: 13369: 13368: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13357: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13292: 13290: 13286: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13231: 13229: 13227: 13223: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13182: 13179: 13177: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13137: 13134: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13073: 13071: 13067: 13061: 13060:2nd Acropolis 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13020:1st Acropolis 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12997: 12995: 12991: 12987: 12982: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12952: 12950: 12946: 12940: 12937: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12894: 12893: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12861: 12859: 12857: 12848: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12809: 12807: 12803: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12766: 12765: 12764:Filiki Eteria 12762: 12760: 12757: 12756: 12754: 12752:Organizations 12750: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12723:Rigas Feraios 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12690: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12664: 12660: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12642: 12639: 12638: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12573: 12571: 12569: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12551: 12545: 12540: 12533: 12528: 12526: 12521: 12519: 12514: 12513: 12510: 12502: 12501: 12495: 12490: 12486: 12484: 12480: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12466: 12461: 12457: 12455:at Wikisource 12454: 12449: 12445: 12444: 12434: 12428: 12424: 12423: 12418: 12417:Mazower, Mark 12414: 12413: 12403: 12399: 12395: 12391: 12390: 12385: 12381: 12377: 12372: 12368: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12349: 12345: 12339: 12335: 12330: 12326: 12317: 12313: 12307: 12299: 12290: 12286: 12280: 12272: 12263: 12259: 12253: 12245: 12236: 12232: 12226: 12218: 12209: 12205: 12199: 12191: 12182: 12178: 12172: 12164: 12160: 12155: 12151: 12145: 12137: 12128: 12124: 12118: 12114: 12109: 12105: 12099: 12095: 12090: 12086: 12080: 12076: 12071: 12067: 12063: 12058: 12054: 12048: 12044: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12015: 12010: 12006: 12000: 11996: 11991: 11987: 11981: 11977: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11960: 11956: 11952: 11948: 11943: 11939: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11921: 11917: 11911: 11907: 11902: 11898: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11878: 11877: 11872: 11868: 11864: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11849: 11843: 11839: 11833: 11828: 11827: 11820: 11816: 11815: 11809: 11805: 11799: 11795: 11790: 11788: 11784: 11780: 11776: 11772: 11768: 11764: 11758: 11753: 11749: 11744: 11740: 11735: 11734: 11731: 11725: 11721: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11699: 11697: 11693: 11689: 11685: 11679: 11676:. Routledge. 11675: 11670: 11668: 11664: 11660: 11656: 11652: 11646: 11642: 11637: 11635: 11631: 11627: 11623: 11617: 11613: 11612: 11606: 11602: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11585: 11581: 11575: 11571: 11566: 11562: 11556: 11553:. Clarendon. 11552: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11535: 11530: 11526: 11520: 11515: 11514: 11507: 11503: 11497: 11492: 11491: 11485: 11481: 11477: 11471: 11467: 11462: 11458: 11452: 11448: 11443: 11439: 11433: 11429: 11425: 11420: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11383: 11379: 11374: 11370: 11369: 11363: 11359: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11333: 11331: 11327: 11323: 11319: 11313: 11309: 11305: 11301: 11297: 11291: 11286: 11285: 11278: 11274: 11268: 11264: 11259: 11255: 11249: 11245: 11244: 11238: 11234: 11228: 11224: 11219: 11204: 11200: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11166: 11165: 11159: 11155: 11149: 11145: 11140: 11136: 11130: 11126: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11107: 11101: 11097: 11093: 11089: 11088: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11069: 11065: 11060: 11059: 11049: 11045: 11041: 11039: 11034: 11031: 11030: 11009: 11005: 10999: 10992: 10986: 10979: 10973: 10967:, pp. 421–422 10966: 10960: 10953: 10949: 10948:Fisher, H.A.L 10944: 10937: 10931: 10925:, pp. 1–3, 12 10924: 10921:* St. Clair, 10918: 10912: 10906: 10899: 10893: 10887: 10881: 10876: 10869: 10863: 10857: 10853: 10847: 10840: 10834: 10827: 10823: 10820: 10815: 10808: 10804: 10801: 10797: 10791: 10784: 10766: 10762: 10755: 10749: 10743:, pp. 462–463 10742: 10736: 10730: 10711: 10707: 10701: 10694: 10688: 10682: 10675: 10669: 10662: 10657: 10650: 10645: 10638: 10632: 10625: 10621: 10617: 10612: 10605: 10600:, II, 192–193 10599: 10593: 10586: 10580: 10578: 10570: 10564: 10557: 10551: 10544: 10538: 10536: 10528: 10522: 10515: 10509: 10502: 10496: 10489: 10483: 10477:, pp. 288–289 10476: 10470: 10463: 10457: 10455: 10447: 10441: 10439: 10429: 10422: 10416: 10410:, pp. 286–288 10409: 10403: 10397:, pp. 269–270 10396: 10390: 10383: 10377: 10375: 10367: 10361: 10354: 10348: 10341: 10335: 10328: 10322: 10315: 10309: 10302: 10296: 10294: 10286: 10281: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10273: 10265: 10260: 10258: 10250: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10239: 10231: 10225: 10218: 10212: 10205: 10199: 10192: 10186: 10184: 10176: 10170: 10163: 10157: 10155: 10147: 10141: 10134: 10128: 10126: 10118: 10112: 10105: 10099: 10092: 10086: 10079: 10073: 10071: 10063: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10052: 10044: 10038: 10031: 10025: 10023: 10015: 10009: 10002: 9996: 9994: 9986: 9980: 9973: 9967: 9960: 9954: 9947: 9941: 9934: 9928: 9921: 9915: 9908: 9902: 9900: 9892: 9886: 9879: 9873: 9866: 9860: 9854: 9847: 9841: 9832: 9826: 9824: 9814: 9808: 9806: 9796: 9787: 9780: 9774: 9767: 9761: 9754: 9748: 9741: 9735: 9728: 9722: 9720: 9712: 9706: 9699: 9693: 9686: 9680: 9673: 9667: 9660: 9654: 9647: 9641: 9639: 9631: 9625: 9618: 9612: 9605: 9600: 9593: 9588: 9581: 9575: 9566: 9559: 9554: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9540: 9534: 9525: 9518: 9513: 9506: 9501: 9495: 9491: 9490: 9482: 9480: 9470: 9468: 9451: 9447: 9441: 9435:, pp. 638–639 9434: 9428: 9422:, pp. 635–637 9421: 9415: 9409:, pp. 633–636 9408: 9402: 9396:, pp. 628–629 9395: 9389: 9383:, pp. 627–628 9382: 9376: 9370:, pp. 615–619 9369: 9363: 9356: 9350: 9344:, pp. 601–603 9343: 9337: 9331:, pp. 132–139 9330: 9324: 9318:, pp. 595–596 9317: 9311: 9305:, pp. 594–595 9304: 9298: 9291: 9285: 9279: 9273: 9265: 9259: 9255: 9254: 9246: 9239: 9233: 9231: 9223: 9217: 9210: 9204: 9197: 9191: 9184: 9178: 9171: 9165: 9158: 9152: 9145: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9123: 9117: 9108: 9102: 9095: 9089: 9082: 9077: 9075: 9067: 9061: 9045: 9039: 9023: 9019: 9013: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8988: 8982: 8975: 8970: 8963: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8944: 8943:Santelli 2020 8939: 8932: 8926: 8919: 8913: 8906: 8900: 8893: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8874: 8868: 8866: 8858: 8852: 8845: 8839: 8824: 8818: 8814: 8813: 8805: 8803: 8795: 8789: 8782: 8776: 8769: 8763: 8754: 8747: 8741: 8732: 8723: 8716: 8710: 8702:, p. 119 8701: 8696: 8687: 8678: 8672: 8666: 8662: 8660: 8654: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8614: 8607: 8601: 8599: 8591: 8587: 8581: 8572: 8557: 8551: 8547: 8542: 8541: 8532: 8523: 8516: 8510: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8484: 8478: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8452: 8448: 8442: 8435: 8434:The Romanians 8429: 8427: 8419: 8413: 8411: 8403: 8397: 8390: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8372: 8366: 8359: 8353: 8347: 8341: 8334: 8328: 8321: 8320:History Today 8315: 8308: 8302: 8287: 8283: 8277: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8234: 8228: 8221: 8215: 8208: 8202: 8200: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8173: 8167: 8160: 8154: 8147: 8141: 8134: 8128: 8120:, pp. 194–196 8119: 8113: 8111: 8103: 8097: 8090: 8084: 8076: 8070: 8066: 8065: 8057: 8050: 8044: 8042: 8032: 8024: 8017: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7995: 7991: 7990: 7982: 7974: 7967: 7959: 7952: 7944: 7937: 7929: 7922: 7916: 7912: 7909: 7905: 7902:Makriyannis, 7899: 7897: 7889: 7886:Koliopoulos, 7883: 7876: 7870: 7863: 7857: 7850: 7844: 7842: 7834: 7828: 7821: 7818:Koliopoulos, 7815: 7808: 7802: 7795: 7789: 7780: 7774: 7768: 7761: 7755: 7753: 7745: 7739: 7732: 7726: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7700: 7694: 7687: 7681: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7665: 7658: 7651: 7645: 7639: 7632: 7627: 7620: 7614: 7612: 7604: 7598: 7596: 7586: 7578: 7572: 7568: 7561: 7554: 7548: 7540: 7534: 7530: 7529: 7521: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7473: 7467: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7446: 7431: 7427: 7420: 7416: 7399: 7390: 7383: 7377: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7352: 7346: 7336: 7327: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7306: 7299: 7295: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7232: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7161:Κλέφτικη Ζωή 7159: 7156: 7155: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7137:Na'tane To 21 7135: 7134: 7130: 7128: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7046: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7016: 7014: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6989: 6987: 6986:Rigas Feraios 6978: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6951: 6947: 6944:In 1971, the 6936: 6923: 6916: 6911: 6904: 6899: 6896: 6889: 6884: 6881: 6874: 6869: 6866: 6859: 6854: 6851: 6844: 6839: 6835: 6828: 6823: 6819: 6812: 6807: 6800: 6795: 6792: 6788: 6781: 6776: 6773: 6766: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6723: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6672: 6670: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6649: 6640: 6638: 6632: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6562: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6548: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6515: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6480: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6418: 6409: 6400: 6398: 6394: 6389: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6339: 6334: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6318:George Finlay 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6294: 6292: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6262:Hellenic Army 6259: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6241: 6237: 6236:Ibrahim Pasha 6233: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6217: 6216:Ottoman fleet 6213: 6209: 6205: 6200: 6197: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6177: 6173: 6171: 6170:raid off Itea 6167: 6163: 6158: 6154: 6152: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6076: 6070: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6050: 6046: 6044: 6038: 6035: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5995: 5986: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5949: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5916: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5869:Yannis Gouras 5866: 5858: 5853: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5827: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5774: 5770: 5765: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5705: 5701: 5700:Lord Cochrane 5695: 5693: 5689: 5688:Ibrahim Pasha 5685: 5681: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5649: 5644: 5640: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5597: 5596:Kountouriotis 5593: 5589: 5585: 5579: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5521: 5512: 5502: 5492: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5462: 5455: 5451: 5446: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5371: 5369: 5364: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5347: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5288: 5283: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5234: 5229: 5225: 5224:) and Egypt. 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5198:Kapudan Pasha 5195: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5151: 5142: 5140: 5134: 5130: 5127: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5110: 5109:Archimandrite 5105: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5086: 5082: 5079: 5074: 5070: 5068: 5060: 5056: 5046: 5043: 5035: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5009:This section 5007: 5003: 4998: 4997: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4743: 4738: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4597: 4594:and his wife 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4469: 4464: 4462: 4461:George Jarvis 4458: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4415: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4395:Sublime Porte 4392: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4241: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4085:Filiki Eteria 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4043: 4036: 4031: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3995:Holy Alliance 3992: 3988: 3984: 3975: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3925:fait accompli 3922: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3866: 3862: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3788: 3787:Thomas Gordon 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3692:Philhellenism 3686:Philhellenism 3683: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3605:Filiki Eteria 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3570:Filiki Eteria 3566: 3561: 3560:Filiki Eteria 3554:Filiki Eteria 3551: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3521: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3484:officials in 3483: 3479: 3475: 3474:Rigas Feraios 3471: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3440: 3439:Rigas Feraios 3435: 3431: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3290: 3282: 3278: 3270: 3265: 3256: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3233:millet system 3230: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3208:. During the 3207: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3097:as the first 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3056:Ibrahim Pasha 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3026:. Revolts in 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2989:Filiki Eteria 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2968:on 25 March. 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2903: 2901: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 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Retrieved 8285: 8276: 8264:. Retrieved 8260:the original 8232: 8227: 8219: 8214: 8206: 8190: 8184: 8179: 8171: 8166: 8158: 8153: 8145: 8144:Paroulakis, 8140: 8132: 8127: 8117: 8101: 8096: 8088: 8083: 8063: 8056: 8048: 8031: 8022: 8021:Örenç, A.F. 8016: 7988: 7981: 7972: 7966: 7957: 7951: 7942: 7936: 7927: 7921: 7903: 7887: 7882: 7874: 7869: 7861: 7856: 7848: 7832: 7827: 7819: 7814: 7806: 7801: 7793: 7788: 7778: 7777:* Svoronos, 7775:, Eb, p. 108 7772: 7767: 7759: 7743: 7738: 7730: 7725: 7717: 7711: 7706: 7701:, pp. 31–33. 7698: 7693: 7685: 7680: 7662: 7657: 7649: 7643: 7638: 7630: 7626: 7618: 7602: 7585: 7566: 7560: 7552: 7547: 7527: 7520: 7484: 7480: 7466: 7445: 7435:15 September 7433:. Retrieved 7429: 7419: 7398: 7389: 7376: 7362: 7354: 7350: 7345: 7335: 7326: 7305: 7297: 7294:Yunan İsyanı 7293: 7290:يونان عصيانى 7281: 7277: 7269: 7256: 7235: 7168: 7160: 7158:Kleftiki Zoi 7157: 7147: 7139: 7136: 7126: 7120: 7117: 7107: 7099: 7096: 7086: 7078: 7075: 7065: 7057: 7054: 7044: 7038: 7035: 7010: 6995: 6990: 6983: 6969: 6954: 6943: 6893:Flag of the 6863:Flag of the 6770:Flag of the 6724: 6709: 6697: 6689: 6673: 6661: 6657: 6633: 6629: 6621:Orlov Revolt 6582: 6566: 6554: 6516: 6492: 6481: 6459:, Prince of 6454: 6446: 6434: 6390: 6376:, and maybe 6343: 6295: 6258:Kapodistrias 6255: 6230: 6208:independence 6204:Philhellenes 6201: 6192: 6179: 6159: 6155: 6151:Login Geiden 6147: 6132:Portrait of 6110: 6103:and Admiral 6071: 6051: 6047: 6039: 6031: 6019: 6006: 5969: 5965: 5950: 5941: 5923: 5894: 5861: 5842:Pyrgos Dirou 5835: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5796: 5777: 5716: 5709: 5696: 5684:expansionist 5676: 5662: 5651: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5580: 5576: 5560: 5548: 5540: 5532: 5463: 5459: 5416: 5399: 5372: 5365: 5361: 5353: 5292: 5284: 5278:, after the 5256:Orlov Revolt 5241: 5183: 5175:Ottoman Navy 5172: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5122: 5118: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5064: 5038: 5029: 5018:Please help 5013:verification 5010: 4967: 4950: 4920: 4896: 4885: 4871: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4835: 4822: 4806: 4785:Thessaloniki 4782: 4739: 4730: 4727: 4715: 4709:View of the 4688: 4679: 4669: 4658: 4601: 4596:Mary Shelley 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4537:his own land 4523: 4497: 4488: 4477: 4465: 4436: 4411: 4388: 4337: 4329: 4328:) (from his 4325: 4321: 4249: 4243:Portrait of 4209: 4158: 4138:Francophilia 4110: 4100:Anagnostaras 4098: 4073:Hursid Pasha 4068: 4058: 4046: 4011: 3980: 3970:on 7 June . 3956: 3918: 3904: 3899: 3890:Iași (Jassy) 3870: 3857: 3820: 3809: 3802: 3791: 3767:Greek origin 3764: 3756: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3664:Great Powers 3660:Hursid Pasha 3655: 3644: 3635: 3617: 3582: 3574:Greek Square 3548:Philhellenes 3541: 3533: 3525: 3523: 3513: 3508: 3467: 3463:Catherine II 3458: 3444: 3408: 3362: 3350: 3348: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3293: 3274: 3241: 3236: 3226: 3221: 3198:Orlov Revolt 3195: 3193:multiplied. 3177:. After the 3167: 3156: 3152:ruling class 3125: 3116:Ottoman rule 3067:great powers 3064: 3040:Ottoman navy 3009: 2970: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2923: 2774:People Power 2582: 2491:Disobedience 2223: 2110:Constitution 1977: 1874:Roman Greece 1652: 1651: 1584: 1583: 1576: 1575: 1486: 1485: 1394: 1381: 1334: 1311: 1292:Only in 1821 1244: 1236: 1192: 1136: 1131:Hursid Pasha 1105: 1074: 976: 945: 927:Philhellenes 926: 906: 845: 802: 770: 734: 703: 699:Germanos III 625: 568:Tripolitania 521: 505: 467: 373:Philhellenes 358: 335: 205: 190: 185:Belligerents 137: 44:Part of the 31: 26: 20910:Arab Revolt 20773:(1908–1922) 20449:(1835–1858) 20300:(1789–1908) 20288:(1793–1795) 20204:(1700–1789) 20202:Old Regime 20168:(1658–1667) 20160:(1658–1659) 20056:(1590–1610) 20016:(1574–1576) 19983:(1550–1700) 19955:(1523–1524) 19911:(1453–1550) 19863:(1299–1453) 19692:Greek salad 19656:Erotokritos 19525:Mount Athos 19439:Vergina Sun 19285:Symbols of 19038:Bellerephon 18985:Mount Athos 18912:Fairy tales 18876:(Timeline: 18869:Drosoulites 18864:Catholicism 18647:Heptanesian 18588:Pyrrhichios 18584:Proskinitos 18540:Kerkiraikos 18536:Kastorianos 18524:Ikariotikos 18504:Dionysiakos 18496:Antikristos 18492:Angaliastos 18404:Place names 18330:Koine Greek 18279:Cappadocian 18234:Orthography 18143:Agiorgitiko 18121:Heptanesean 18119:Varieties ( 18105:Tirokafteri 18078:Restaurants 18048:Greek salad 18038:Spanakopita 17910:Loukoumades 17906:Kourabiedes 17902:Koulourakia 17795:Worry beads 17711:Theophany's 17697:Hospitality 17601:Anastenaria 17568:Slavophones 17535:Immigration 17381:Laiki agora 17332:Debt crisis 17282:Agriculture 17173:Megali Idea 17165:Nationalism 17100:LGBT rights 16910:Coast Guard 16894:Greek mafia 16766:Legislature 16592:earthquakes 16575:Environment 16550:Myrtoan Sea 16546:Icarian Sea 16350:Peloponnese 16004:Place names 15929:Phanariotes 15895:Proto-Greek 15856:Demographic 15757:World War I 15752:Balkan Wars 15700:(post-1453) 15610:Middle Ages 15333:Remembrance 15224:Victor Hugo 15214:Louis Dupré 14870:Kara Mehmet 14865:Omer Vrioni 14701:Sacred Band 14653: [ 13713:Adam Doukas 13171:Lerna Mills 13035:Acrocorinth 12541:(1821–1829) 12382:(1): 5–115. 11182:10 December 10934:St. Clair, 10774:26 December 10756:, pp. 68–69 10739:* Verzijl, 10737:, pp. 66–67 10719:26 December 10691:* Dimakis, 10661:Brewer 2003 10649:Brewer 2003 10285:Brewer 2003 10264:Brewer 2003 10249:Brewer 2003 10062:Brewer 2003 9604:Brewer 2003 9592:Brewer 2003 9558:Brewer 2003 9517:Brewer 2003 9236:Detorakis, 9220:Detorakis, 9207:St. Clair, 9194:Detorakis, 9168:Detorakis, 9155:Detorakis, 9142:Detorakis, 9081:Brewer 2003 8974:Brewer 2003 8962:Brewer 2003 8892:Brewer 2003 8713:St. Clair, 8700:Brewer 2003 8291:5 September 8235:, pp. 48–49 8222:, pp. 31–32 8193:, pp. 41–42 8100:Goldstein, 8051:, pp. 25–26 7551:Woodhouse, 7221:Arab Revolt 7216:Balkan Wars 6772:Sacred Band 6676:Phanariotes 6669:Megali Idea 6625:Sacred Band 6166:Philhellene 5961:Switzerland 5938:Alexander I 5780:Missolonghi 5769:Karaiskakis 5729:Papaflessas 5452:during the 5427:Omer Vrioni 4810:Mount Athos 4344:Omer Vrioni 4284:Omer Vrioni 4280:Missolonghi 4217:Acrocorinth 4189:Papaflessas 4102:during the 4081:Papaflessas 4069:Mora valesi 4061:Peloponnese 4025:Peloponnese 3968:Sacred Band 3959:Alexander I 3823:romanticism 3816:Delacroix's 3812:Missolonghi 3779:Samuel Howe 3601:Freemasonic 3428:Διαφωτισμός 3251:(after the 3249:Phanariotes 3237:Rum milleti 3185:came under 3183:Peloponnese 3022:, captured 2993:Peloponnese 2836:Arab Spring 2434:Human chain 2424:Coup d'état 2333:Proletarian 2229:Herzegovina 2090:Agriculture 2062:(1967-1974) 2053:(1946-1949) 2044:(1941-1944) 2040:Free Greece 2026:(1936-1941) 2017:(1924-1935) 1990:(1822-1832) 1981:(1821-1829) 1972:(1800-1807) 1948:(1371-1912) 1939:(1363-1797) 1930:(1205-1667) 1906:(1204-1579) 1722:History of 1493:Acrocorinth 1259:Hussein Dey 1119:Kara Mehmed 1089:Omer Vrioni 336:After 1822: 259:Sacred Band 147:Peloponnese 132:Territorial 66:by a Greek 20944:Categories 19849:Rebellions 19566:Tambourine 19479:Bay Laurel 19474:Olive Tree 19135:Ice hockey 19115:Basketball 19082:Vrykolakas 18950:Hypertimos 18789:Tambourine 18721:Macedonian 18667:Thessalian 18651:Macedonian 18635:Folk music 18612:Tsakonikos 18560:Maniatikos 18556:Leventikos 18488:Ai Georgis 18461:Corruption 18451:Television 18446:Newspapers 18390:Macedonian 18370:Arvanitika 18344:Literature 18238:Diacritics 18179:Malagousia 18175:Mandilaria 18171:Mavrodafni 18133:Macedonian 18034:Karydopita 17996:Kefalotyri 17980:Anthotyros 17926:Vasilopita 17892:Desserts ( 17832:Modern art 17751:Philosophy 17707:New Year's 17637:Fustanella 17556:Aromanians 17540:Minorities 17529:the Greeks 17361:Euro coins 17209:Trotskyism 17159:Venizelism 17151:Liberalism 17135:Monarchism 17124:Ideologies 17072:Healthcare 16885:Corruption 16732:Government 16598:Ecoregions 16565:Libyan Sea 16560:Ionian Sea 16538:Aegean Sea 16490:Peninsulas 16266:Chalkidiki 16222:Thesprotia 16148:Astypalaia 16144:Agathonisi 16140:Dodecanese 15993:co-capital 15697:Modern era 15646:Iconoclasm 15613:(330–1453) 15485:Pelasgians 15480:Bronze Age 15464:Prehistory 15061:Scientific 14456:Lord Byron 13335:Alexandria 13320:Sphacteria 13259:Samothrace 13249:Tripolitsa 13156:Sphacteria 13141:Dervenakia 13025:Tripolitsa 12975:Monarchism 12965:Liberalism 12874:Greek Plan 12641:Rum Millet 12636:Phanariots 12550:Background 12366:9028602232 12343:081350810X 12122:0900834897 12103:0450060411 12084:0198236719 11985:9604350285 11937:0521289688 11915:1850655510 11837:1576070891 11729:9604065408 11683:0714619744 11650:0007120230 11621:0275986012 11579:1850654638 11560:0198886535 11524:0521274583 11501:068910653X 11437:0415078229 11317:0520023420 11295:0521004799 11272:1850430004 11253:0582784581 11232:1585673951 11153:0812219767 11115:0521812771 11096:1015099422 11073:0521620953 11010:(in Greek) 10989:Jelavich, 10976:Jelavich, 10896:* Brewer, 10837:St.Clair, 8828:15 October 8432:Hitchins, 8356:* Schick, 8205:Jelavich, 8131:Svoronos, 8008:1002271027 7742:Svoronos, 7710:Svoronos, 7673:0812238060 7476:See also: 7340:peninsula. 7024:Song Name 6933:See also: 6785:Raised in 6720:Versailles 6665:unredeemed 6615:, and the 6439:first king 6180:The Naval 6084:Alexandria 6054:Nicholas I 6052:When Tsar 5942:status quo 5934:Metternich 5913:See also: 5784:third time 5758:Royal Navy 5725:Sphacteria 5637:See also: 5435:Dervenakia 5352:wrote the 5244:fire ships 5155:figurehead 5145:War at sea 5032:March 2017 4830:Chalkidiki 4771:Letter of 4547:See also: 4448:Marseilles 4379:Atrocities 4229:Tripolitsa 4221:Monemvasia 4148:Statue of 4134:Anglophobe 4122:Agia Lavra 3999:Francis II 3933:Wallachian 3847:See also: 3775:Lord Byron 3393:See also: 3331:armatoloi' 3179:Morean War 3120:See also: 3105:Background 3065:The three 3050:called in 3044:Aegean Sea 3024:Tripolitsa 2952:, and the 2858:Euromaidan 2806:Bolivarian 2754:Nicaraguan 2734:Guatemalan 2672:Young Turk 2652:Philippine 2481:Nonviolent 2476:Resistance 2451:Insurgency 2361:Nonviolent 2356:From above 2328:Democratic 1750:Pelasgians 1616:Alexandria 1601:Sphacteria 1523:Dervenakia 1480:Samothrace 1475:Tripolitsa 1329:From 1826. 1315:From 1821. 991:Nicholas I 941:Lord Byron 206:In detail: 21025:Mahmud II 20913:(1916–18) 20897:(1914–18) 20793:(1908–10) 20721:(1897–98) 20713:(1896–97) 20705:(1896–97) 20697:(1880–81) 20665:(1878–79) 20617:(1875–77) 20609:(1866–67) 20601:(1866–69) 20561:(1852–62) 20537:(1843–44) 20513:(1838–39) 20441:(1834-35) 20409:(1832–34) 20401:(1832–33) 20393:(1831–33) 20377:(1821–29) 20353:(1815-17) 20321:(1804–13) 20313:(1801–04) 20264:(1737–39) 20232:(1707–11) 20080:(1596–97) 19995:(1564–65) 19891:(1443–68) 19883:(1404–18) 19875:(1416–20) 19728:Theotokos 19702:Olive oil 19510:Epidaurus 19488:Monuments 19346:Delacroix 19077:Name days 18990:Mythology 18878:Antiquity 18797:Tsampouna 18785:Tambouras 18761:Pan flute 18691:Skyladiko 18655:Nisiotika 18620:Zeibekiko 18580:Pentozali 18572:Palamakia 18552:Pidikhtos 18512:Gaitanaki 18382:Bulgarian 18374:Aromanian 18303:Tsakonian 18254:Greeklish 18218:Languages 18207:Xinomavro 18199:Savatiano 18159:Kotsifali 18151:Assyrtiko 18097:Skordalia 18072:Hilopites 18008:Metsovone 17966:Tsikoudia 17954:Sideritis 17780:Theophany 17703:Christmas 17687:Greektown 17672:Festivals 17657:Tsarouchi 17552:Arvanites 17351:renewable 17322:Companies 17296:companies 17215:Anarchism 17201:Socialism 17076:hospitals 17062:Education 16996:Alliances 16991:Air Force 16905:Terrorism 16816:Parataxis 16803:Elections 16793:Presidium 16742:President 16720:Executive 16500:Volcanoes 16472:Mountains 16362:Corinthia 16262:Macedonia 16256:Zakynthos 16240:Kefalonia 16160:Karpathos 16126:Santorini 16076:Heraklion 16058:Phthiotis 16050:Evrytania 16034:Acarnania 15962:Geography 15832:Byzantine 15792:Civil war 15595:Roman era 15520:Antiquity 14691:Wallachia 13367:Agamemnon 13226:Massacres 13211:Koronisia 13146:Karpenisi 13116:Drăgășani 12648:Souliotes 12626:Ali Pasha 12576:Armatoles 12396:, Mainz: 12306:cite book 12279:cite book 12252:cite book 12225:cite book 12198:cite book 12171:cite book 12144:cite book 12034:143901738 11978:. Polis. 11967:153742099 11873:(2009) . 11428:Routledge 11415:144899655 10794:Verzijl, 10785:, p. 388. 10695:, 526–527 10672:Dimakis, 10639:, II, 208 10587:, p. 241. 10583:Howarth, 10571:, p. 239. 10567:Howarth, 10554:Howarth, 10541:Howarth, 10525:Howarth, 10148:, p. 197. 10144:Howarth, 10135:, p. 196. 10131:Howarth, 10119:, p. 195. 10115:Howarth, 10102:Howarth, 10089:Howarth, 10032:, p. 189. 10028:Howarth, 10016:, p. 188. 10012:Howarth, 9974:, p. 186. 9970:Howarth, 9867:, p. 206. 9861:, p. 182. 9857:Howarth, 9327:Mazower, 9181:Krimbas, 8436:, 149–150 8404:, 195–196 8350:* Brown, 8266:31 August 8189:* Dakin, 7873:Batalas, 7860:Batalas, 7847:Batalas, 7805:Topping, 7762:, p. 244. 7675:. p. 114. 7646:, 114–115 7512:253805406 7459:Old Style 7411:Citations 7351:armatoloi 7030:Released 6952:' choral 6705:Austrians 6701:Prussians 6643:Aftermath 6536:Massacres 6437:) as the 6382:Mahmud II 6220:George IV 6212:Whitehall 6109:HMS 6075:Charles X 5957:Carbonari 5800:Bulgarian 5694:as well. 5551:Epidaurus 5468:from the 5321:1822–1824 5317:in 1827. 4988:islands. 4970:Kolindros 4951:armatoloi 4874:Kassandra 4826:Polygyros 4789:Macedonia 4763:Macedonia 4719:Gramvousa 4684:Souda Bay 4672:Mahmud II 4621:Areopagus 4584:armatolos 4576:armatolos 4391:Gregory V 4356:Vassilika 4197:Kalavryta 4185:Nikitaras 4173:Messenian 4126:Kalavryta 4118:Monastery 4019:Gregory V 3929:Bucharest 3652:Ali Pasha 3597:Carbonari 3568:House of 3363:armatoloi 3351:armatoloi 3340:armatolik 3335:armatolik 3327:armatoloi 3320:armatolik 3316:armatoloi 3304:αρματολοί 3296:armatoloi 3222:armatoloi 3032:Macedonia 2811:Bulldozer 2764:Carnation 2759:Argentine 2702:1917–1923 2690:Communist 2635:Hungarian 2471:Rebellion 2409:Civil war 2371:Permanent 2318:Communist 2313:Bourgeois 2120:Ethnonyms 2050:Civil War 1689:Koronisia 1545:Karpenisi 1487:1822–1824 1455:Drăgășani 1057:Mahmud II 385:Carbonari 232:Armatoloi 171:ceded to 68:fire ship 20298:Decline 19792:Category 19682:Souvlaki 19586:Rebetiko 19576:Bouzouki 19355:Vryzakis 19234:Category 19125:Football 19110:Baseball 19026:Daedalus 19010:Odysseus 19006:Heracles 18945:Hinduism 18859:Buddhism 18833:and lore 18831:Religion 18811:Rebetiko 18781:Souravli 18777:Santouri 18769:Psaltery 18765:Phorminx 18737:Floghera 18725:Politiki 18709:Bouzouki 18671:Thracian 18630:Éntekhno 18616:Tsamikos 18576:Partalos 18544:Kleistos 18520:Hasapiko 18508:Fisounis 18441:Internet 18413:Proverbs 18352:Medieval 18275:dialects 18258:numerals 18183:Malvasia 18115:Souvlaki 18109:Tzatziki 18095:Sauces ( 18068:Flomaria 18042:Tiropita 18026:Bougatsa 18012:Mizithra 18000:Ladotyri 17988:Graviera 17962:Tsipouro 17950:Rakomelo 17936:Drinks ( 17887:Tsoureki 17883:Paximadi 17875:Kritsini 17869:Breads ( 17701:Carols ( 17677:Folklore 17653:Perizoma 17641:Himation 17606:Caryatid 17516:Diaspora 17436:Taxation 17416:Shipping 17406:Rankings 17396:Railways 17376:Highways 17287:Airports 17205:Laocracy 17195:Pacifism 17191:Feminism 17145:Metaxism 17057:Cannabis 17052:Abortion 16983:Military 16968:Treaties 16963:Passport 16868:Security 16650:Politics 16484:Rhodopes 16404:Sporades 16396:Magnesia 16388:Karditsa 16384:Thessaly 16370:Messenia 16286:Kastoria 16214:Ioannina 16156:Kalymnos 16090:Cyclades 16080:Rethymno 15973:Overview 15915:Monarchy 15910:Military 15866:Economic 15816:By topic 15025:Military 14687:Moldavia 13388:Karteria 13350:Navarino 13325:Gerontas 13244:Navarino 13196:Phaleron 13191:Kamatero 13186:Arachova 13126:Vasilika 13111:Vasilika 13096:Valtetsi 13076:Kalamata 13015:Livadeia 13010:Navarino 12581:Proestoi 12491:(1911). 12479:Archived 12419:(2021). 11773:(1925). 11542:84828605 11486:(1976). 11306:(1973). 11212:13 April 11084:(1952). 11014:25 March 10993:, p. 229 10963:Bowman, 10919:, p. 217 10909:Finlay, 10900:, p. 64. 10894:. p. 24. 10890:Booras, 10841:, p. 92. 10822:Archived 10803:Archived 10635:Finlay, 10596:Finlay, 10529:, p. 231 10423:, p. 288 10393:Troyat, 10215:Kassis, 10206:, p. 40. 10202:Kassis, 9755:, p. 99. 9357:, p. 609 9292:, p. 592 9240:, p. 383 9224:, p. 381 9198:, p. 379 9172:, p. 378 9159:, p. 365 9146:, p. 375 9096:, p. 17. 9050:26 March 9028:26 March 8717:, p. 45. 8679:, p. 39. 8675:Kassis, 8592:, 12–15. 8584:Frazee, 8485:, p. 201 8161:, p. 29. 7911:Archived 7864:, p. 154 7851:, p. 156 7835:, p. 211 7809:, p. 168 7733:, p. 35. 7729:Kassis, 7720:, p. 336 7697:Kassis, 7688:, p. 29. 7684:Kassis, 7642:Bisaha, 7621:, p. 238 7605:, p. 118 7601:Barker, 7282:Struggle 7180:See also 7027:Sung by 6920:Flag of 6848:Flag of 6832:Flag of 6816:Flag of 6563:, Paris) 6505:prince, 6503:Bavarian 6477:Petrobey 6469:Nafplion 6370:Sporades 6366:Cyclades 6306:Livadeia 6286:Petalidi 6240:Navarino 6234:meeting 6140:, 1841, 6088:Navarino 5820:Karteria 5815:Karteria 5788:Miaoulis 5782:for the 5754:Nafplion 5717:fallāḥīn 5614:Albanian 5564:Nafplion 5375:Kara Ali 5206:frigates 4963:Siatista 4959:Kastania 4916:Sithonia 4904:Skopelos 4900:Skiathos 4887:serasker 4860:Bust of 4848:and the 4723:Kissamos 4680:pashalik 4492:Mannheim 4364:Ioannina 4268:Livadeia 4225:Nafplion 4177:Kalamata 4175:town of 4165:Areopoli 3940:Oltenian 3894:Moldavia 3882:Romanian 3490:Belgrade 3482:Austrian 3426:(Greek: 3312:Murad II 3187:Venetian 3089:and the 2868:Sudanese 2846:Egyptian 2841:Tunisian 2794:Romanian 2695:Cultural 2681:Chinese 2656:Iranian 2625:February 2546:American 2541:Atlantic 2530:Examples 2503:Samizdat 2307:By class 2282:a series 2280:Part of 2219:Bulgaria 2135:Military 2125:Language 2095:Alphabet 1808:Mycenean 1776:Cycladic 1713:a series 1711:Part of 1669:Navarino 1646:Phaleron 1641:Kamatero 1636:Arachova 1591:Kremmydi 1570:Gerontas 1528:Agionori 1465:Vasilika 1450:Vasilika 1435:Valtetsi 1410:Navarino 1405:Kalamata 414:Romanian 159:Sporades 155:Cyclades 107:Location 19851:in the 19707:Retsina 19672:Taverna 19665:Cuisine 19643:Odyssey 19635:Ancient 19602:Ancient 19540:Vergina 19535:Olympia 19530:Mycenae 19520:Meteora 19515:Knossos 19459:Dolphin 19452:Natural 19423:Meander 19418:Drachma 19413:Phoenix 19372:Colours 19167:Symbols 19120:Cricket 19067:Sikhism 19062:Psychai 19046:Centaur 19034:Theseus 19030:Orpheus 19022:Perseus 19018:Oedipus 18964:History 18960:Judaism 18844:Origins 18801:Tympano 18793:Trigono 18773:Salpinx 18733:Crotala 18677:Hip Hop 18643:Epirote 18596:Sirtaki 18532:Kangeli 18516:Geranos 18408:exonyms 18398:Turkish 18348:Ancient 18318:History 18307:Yevanic 18287:Cypriot 18267:Demotic 18242:Braille 18230:History 18191:Retsina 18163:Lesbian 18129:Epirote 18090:Taverna 18082:Kafenio 18062:Pasta ( 18004:Manouri 17992:Kasseri 17976:Cheeses 17958:Tentura 17938:Mastika 17918:Pasteli 17871:Daktyla 17862:Cuisine 17846:Ancient 17842:Theatre 17817:Castles 17764:Ohi Day 17732:Paideia 17722:Mountza 17629:Chlamys 17593:Culture 17497:Society 17451:Tourism 17400:history 17355:nuclear 17342:Drachma 17302:Banking 17271:Economy 17141:Fascism 17084:smoking 17080:obesity 17021:Evzones 16782:Speaker 16727:Cabinet 16681:, 2019) 16613:Mammals 16608:Forests 16583:Climate 16476:Olympus 16454:Islands 16449:Geology 16432:Terrain 16418:Rhodope 16400:Trikala 16392:Larissa 16366:Laconia 16358:Argolis 16354:Arcadia 16282:Imathia 16278:Grevena 16274:Florina 16248:Lefkada 16244:Kythira 16218:Preveza 16180:Nisyros 16172:Leipsoi 16114:Mykonos 16106:Kythnos 16084:Lasithi 16042:Boeotia 16030:Aetolia 16014:Regions 15989:capital 15980:Borders 15747:Kingdom 15452:History 15373:Evzones 14910:Britain 14833:Algeria 13562:Related 13305:Nauplia 13206:Martino 13181:Distomo 13161:Maniaki 13121:Sculeni 13101:Doliana 13086:Alamana 13069:Battles 13040:Nauplia 12631:Maniots 12586:Klephts 12068:: 1–18. 11785:(1897) 11407:1875481 11326:History 11177:9505286 11027:Sources 10752:Clogg, 10733:Clogg, 9833:, 79–81 9815:, 79–81 9777:Dakin, 9751:Dakin, 9683:Dakin, 9456:22 June 8665:p. 228. 8561:4 March 8517:, p. 33 8513:Clogg, 8494:Clogg, 8481:Clogg, 8420:, p. 32 8416:Clogg, 8400:Boime, 8387:Brown, 8369:Boime, 8344:Boime, 8231:Clogg, 8218:Clogg, 8187:, p. 31 8183:Clogg, 8170:Clogg, 8157:Clogg, 8148:, p. 32 8135:, p. 62 8116:Boime, 8104:, p. 20 8047:Clogg, 7904:Memoirs 7890:, p. 29 7822:, p. 27 7792:Clogg, 7781:, p. 89 7746:, p. 59 7714:, p. 59 7451:adopted 7186:Evzones 6865:Maniots 6834:Spetses 6737:, many 6637:Zionism 6576:and in 6471:by the 6457:Leopold 6308:to the 6248:,1838, 6196:frigate 6189:(1827). 6093:British 5846:Laconia 5731:at the 5712:Methoni 5622:Corinth 5592:Kranidi 5478:Souliot 5307:Methoni 5218:Tripoli 5214:Algiers 5190:Spetses 5113:Larnaca 4955:Naoussa 4939:Vermion 4931:Olympus 4929:, from 4923:Central 4892:Rentina 4818:Tsayezi 4798:Dobista 4742:Epirote 4735:klephts 4699:Gergeri 4574:and/or 4572:klephts 4468:Nafplio 4340:Alamana 4264:Boeotia 4161:Maniots 4154:Nafplio 3987:Te Deum 3942:-based 3936:Pandurs 3908:, then 3833:History 3755:Byron, 3636:Filikoi 3486:Trieste 3289:hajduks 3285:κλέφτες 3277:klephts 3214:Trieste 3202:Maniots 3191:klephts 3136:Balkans 3042:in the 3016:Maniots 2932:or the 2799:Singing 2749:Rwandan 2724:Spanish 2719:Siamese 2707:Russian 2677:Mexican 2603:Belgian 2578:Serbian 2566:Haitian 2551:Brabant 2536:English 2466:Protest 2399:Boycott 2393:Methods 2366:Passive 2209:Albania 2115:Economy 2071:(1974-) 1684:Martino 1606:Maniaki 1460:Sculeni 1440:Doliana 1420:Alamana 1237:† 1137:† 1075:† 907:† 803:† 771:† 735:† 398:Serbian 220:Klephts 134:changes 78:at the 60:Phaliro 20929:(1921) 20921:(1916) 20905:(1915) 20889:(1914) 20881:(1913) 20873:(1913) 20865:(1912) 20857:(1912) 20849:(1911) 20841:(1910) 20833:(1910) 20825:(1910) 20817:(1909) 20809:(1909) 20801:(1909) 20785:(1908) 20761:(1907) 20753:(1906) 20745:(1905) 20737:(1905) 20729:(1903) 20689:(1878) 20681:(1878) 20673:(1878) 20657:(1878) 20649:(1878) 20641:(1878) 20633:(1876) 20625:(1876) 20593:(1860) 20585:(1858) 20577:(1854) 20569:(1854) 20553:(1847) 20545:(1845) 20529:(1841) 20521:(1841) 20505:(1838) 20497:(1836) 20489:(1836) 20481:(1836) 20473:(1836) 20465:(1836) 20457:(1836) 20433:(1834) 20425:(1834) 20417:(1833) 20385:(1830) 20369:(1821) 20361:(1821) 20345:(1814) 20337:(1809) 20329:(1807) 20309:Dahije 20280:(1788) 20272:(1770) 20256:(1730) 20248:(1717) 20240:(1711) 20224:(1705) 20216:(1703) 20192:(1689) 20184:(1688) 20176:(1686) 20152:(1656) 20144:(1648) 20136:(1642) 20120:(1623) 20112:(1611) 20104:(1609) 20096:(1600) 20088:(1598) 20072:(1596) 20064:(1594) 20048:(1589) 20040:(1586) 20032:(1585) 20024:(1585) 20003:(1565) 19971:(1527) 19963:(1526) 19947:(1519) 19939:(1518) 19931:(1512) 19923:(1511) 19899:(1446) 19802:Portal 19648:Modern 19611:Modern 19571:Laouto 19500:Delphi 19341:Greece 19316:Anthem 19287:Greece 19244:Portal 19174:Anthem 19130:Hockey 18998:Titans 18854:Aerico 18757:Organo 18749:Laouto 18729:Pontic 18717:Cretan 18663:Pontic 18639:Cretan 18624:Zervos 18604:Syrtos 18600:Sousta 18568:Ntames 18548:Koftos 18500:Ballos 18484:Dances 18436:Cinema 18386:Ladino 18356:Modern 18299:Pontic 18295:Maniot 18283:Cretan 18273:) and 18256:) and 18203:Vilana 18195:Robola 18167:Limnio 18155:Athiri 18147:Aidini 18125:Cretan 18086:Ouzeri 18064:Gogges 17942:Metaxa 17894:Diples 17879:Lagana 17823:Cretan 17717:Mangas 17649:Peplos 17633:Exomis 17625:Chiton 17521:Greeks 17347:Energy 17336:Grexit 17317:Brands 17177:Enosis 17115:Racism 16875:Police 16528:Rivers 16518:Coasts 16495:Plains 16480:Pindus 16462:Ionian 16458:Aegean 16422:Xanthi 16410:Thrace 16374:Achaea 16340:Lesbos 16336:Lemnos 16332:Ikaria 16314:Thasos 16310:Serres 16306:Pieria 16298:Kozani 16294:Kilkis 16290:Kavala 16236:Ithaca 16206:Epirus 16188:Rhodes 16184:Patmos 16152:Chalki 16094:Andros 16072:Chania 16054:Phocis 16046:Euboea 16038:Attica 15985:Cities 15860:Modern 15827:tribes 15556:Delian 15422:topics 15420:Greece 15260:Hellas 14918:Russia 14914:France 14835:, and 13595:Greece 13381:Hellas 13315:Andros 13295:Eresos 13279:Cyprus 13254:Naousa 13131:Trench 13091:Gravia 13005:Salona 13000:Patras 12993:Sieges 12986:Events 12701:People 12662:Events 12568:People 12429: 12363: 12340: 12119: 12100: 12081: 12049: 12032: 12001: 11982: 11965: 11934: 11912: 11893: 11859: 11834: 11800: 11787:online 11726: 11711:359509 11709: 11696:online 11680: 11665: 11647: 11634:online 11618: 11576: 11557: 11540: 11521: 11498: 11472: 11453: 11434: 11413: 11405: 11330:online 11314: 11292: 11269: 11250: 11229: 11175: 11150: 11131: 11112: 11094: 11070: 11046: 10622: 9496: 9260: 9004:mfa.gr 8819: 8552: 8496:Review 8174:, p. 6 8071: 8006: 7996: 7671: 7573: 7535: 7510: 7500: 7369:Rumeli 7319:Himara 7278:Agonas 7274:Greeks 7006:Cyprus 6929:Legacy 6836:island 6820:island 6787:Patras 6741:, the 6712:Poland 6591:, the 6587:, the 6574:Smyrna 6570:Cyprus 6561:Louvre 6499:France 6391:Under 6368:, the 6354:firman 6302:Attica 6274:Thebes 6270:Athens 6097:French 5568:Astros 5535:) and 5421:under 5368:Persia 5260:Eresos 4992:Cyprus 4978:Kozani 4961:, and 4935:Pieria 4908:Skyros 4882:Thrace 4878:Thasos 4866:Athens 4850:ulemas 4844:, the 4842:Subaşı 4840:, the 4802:Serres 4753:Sfakia 4625:Senate 4580:klepts 4408:mullah 4404:Smyrna 4360:Attica 4276:Thebes 4260:Salona 4256:Phocis 4201:Patras 4193:Achaia 4130:Achaea 4124:(near 4077:Aigion 4035:Patras 3944:revolt 3921:Brăila 3872:river 3648:Persia 3613:Russia 3609:Odessa 3591:, and 3544:Russia 3494:Danube 3478:Balkan 3355:Rumeli 3308:Agrafa 3253:Phanar 3181:, the 3034:, and 2999:, and 2995:, the 2975:, the 2958:Greece 2851:Yemeni 2831:Kyrgyz 2821:Orange 2789:Velvet 2784:Yogurt 2729:August 2712:German 2685:Xinhai 2665:Second 2642:Eureka 2630:German 2561:French 2518:Terror 2461:Mutiny 2376:Social 2351:Colour 2239:Serbia 2224:Greece 2214:Bosnia 2105:Church 1792:Minoan 1724:Greece 1715:on the 1596:Andros 1503:Naousa 1470:Trench 1430:Gravia 1415:Patras 1233: 1133: 1103: 1071: 943: 903: 861: 843: 799: 767: 749: 731: 701: 623: 580: 565: 550: 535: 512: 495: 481: 455: 440: 426: 347: 256: 242: 140:Greece 124:Result 116:Greece 19861:Rise 19639:Iliad 19606:Homer 19556:Aulos 19549:Music 19505:Delos 19326:Motto 19198:Motto 19193:Flags 19097:Sport 19052:Nymph 19042:Satyr 19014:Jason 18980:Mormo 18975:Lamia 18955:Islam 18917:Gello 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