431:
rhinitis were recognized. Vasomotor rhinitis is now included among these under the more general classification of nonallergic rhinitis. The diagnosis is made upon excluding allergic causes. It is an umbrella term of rhinitis of multiple causes, such as occupational (chemical), smoking, gustatory, hormonal, senile (rhinitis of the elderly), atrophic, medication-induced (including rhinitis medicamentosa), local allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) and idiopathic (vasomotor or non-allergic, non-infectious perennial allergic rhinitis (NANIPER), or non-infectious non-allergic rhinitis (NINAR).
723:
462:). In certain populations, particularly those of East Asian countries such as Japan, these reactions have a nonallergic basis. In other populations, particularly those of European descent, a genetic variant in the gene that metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, ADH1B, is associated with alcohol-induced rhinitis. It is suggested that this variant metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde too quickly for further processing by ALDH2 and thereby leads to the accumulation of acetaldehyde and rhinitis symptoms. In these cases, alcohol-induced rhinitis may be of the
713:
47:
4770:
438:, or weather), airborne irritants (odors, fumes), dietary factors (spicy food, alcohol), sexual arousal, exercise, and emotional factors trigger rhinitis. There is still much to be learned about this, but it is thought that these non-allergic triggers cause dilation of the blood vessels in the lining of the nose, which results in swelling and drainage.
430:
Nonallergic rhinitis refers to rhinitis that is not due to an allergy. The category was formerly referred to as vasomotor rhinitis, as the first cause discovered was vasodilation due to an overactive parasympathetic nerve response. As additional causes were identified, additional types of nonallergic
745:
in the nasal mucous membrane. This results in mucin hypersecretion by goblet cells and decreased mucociliary activity. Nasal secretion are not adequately cleared with clinical manifestation of nasal congestion, sinus pressure, post-nasal dripping, and headache. Over-expression of transient receptor
466:
type and, it seems likely, most cases of alcohol-induced rhinitis in non-Asian populations reflect true allergic response to the non-ethanol and/or contaminants in alcoholic beverages, particularly when these beverages are wines or beers. Alcohol-exacerbated rhinitis is more frequent in individuals
1804:
Hellings PW, Klimek L, Cingi C, Agache I, Akdis C, Bachert C, Bousquet J, Demoly P, Gevaert P, Hox V, Hupin C, Kalogjera L, Manole F, Mösges R, Mullol J, Muluk NB, Muraro A, Papadopoulos N, Pawankar R, Rondon C, Rundenko M, Seys SF, Toskala E, Van Gerven L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Fokkens WJ (November
258:
Rhinitis is very common. Allergic rhinitis is more common in some countries than others; in the United States, about 10–30% of adults are affected annually. Mixed rhinitis (MR) refers to patients with nonallergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. MR is a specific rhinitis subtype. It may represent
450:
imbalance plays a role. In general, age of onset occurs after 20 years of age, in contrast to allergic rhinitis which can be developed at any age. Individuals with vasomotor rhinitis typically experience symptoms year-round, though symptoms may be exacerbated in the spring and autumn when rapid
445:
and is as yet not very well understood. The role of transient receptor potential ion channels on the non-neuronal nasal epithelial cells has also been suggested. Overexpression of these receptors have influence the nasal airway hyper-responsiveness to non-allergic irritant environmental stimuli
758:
Neurogenic inflammation produced by neuropeptides released from sensory nerve endings to the airways is a proposed common mechanism of association between both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis with asthma. This may explain higher association of rhinitis with asthma developing later in life.
776:
The different forms of rhinitis are essentially diagnosed clinically. Vasomotor rhinitis is differentiated from viral and bacterial infections by the lack of purulent exudate and crusting. It can be differentiated from allergic rhinitis because of the absence of an identifiable allergen.
784:
that show potential to assist in the diagnosis of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis and to evaluate management and treatment adherence. While this shows promise for clinical management, as of 2022 few had been validated in the scientific literature, and even fewer included considerations for
2710:
2687:
763:
is often preceded by occupational rhinitis. Among the causative agents are flours, enzymes used in processing food, latex, isocyanates, welding fumes, epoxy resins, and formaldehyde. Accordingly, prognosis of
267:
Rhinitis is categorized into three types (although infectious rhinitis is typically regarded as a separate clinical entity due to its transient nature): (i) infectious rhinitis includes acute and chronic
446:(e.g., extremes of temperature, changes in osmotic or barometric pressure). Vasomotor rhinitis appears to be significantly more common in women than men, leading some researchers to believe that
243:
and other chemicals, starting an inflammatory process that can cause symptoms outside the nose, such as fatigue and malaise. In the case of infectious rhinitis, it may occasionally lead to
2448:
1982:
Rajan JP, Wineinger NE, Stevenson DD, White AA (March 2015). "Prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease among asthmatic patients: A meta-analysis of the literature".
227:. The allergens may also affect the eyes, causing watery, reddened, or itchy eyes and puffiness around the eyes. The inflammation results in the generation of large amounts of
4430:
3213:
1078:
441:
Non-allergic rhinitis can co-exist with allergic rhinitis, and is referred to as "mixed rhinitis". The pathology of vasomotor rhinitis appears to involve
554:. When the mast cells are stimulated by an allergen, histamine (and other chemicals) are released. This causes itching, swelling, and mucus production.
482:), can worsen rhinitis and asthma symptoms in individuals with a history of either one of these diseases. These exacerbations most often appear due to
231:, commonly producing a runny nose, as well as a stuffy nose and post-nasal drip. In the case of allergic rhinitis, the inflammation is caused by the
4423:
2832:
1321:"Classification of Nonallergic Rhinitis Syndromes With a Focus on Vasomotor Rhinitis, Proposed to be Known henceforth as Nonallergic Rhinopathy"
1616:
Silvers WS, Poole JA (February 2006). "Exercise-induced rhinitis: a common disorder that adversely affects allergic and nonallergic athletes".
4476:
3677:
3927:
2017:
Choi JH, Kim MA, Park HS (February 2014). "An update on the pathogenesis of the upper airways in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease".
4416:
2186:
2060:
Bernstein JA (October 2007). "Azelastine hydrochloride: a review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and tolerability".
2262:
Rondón C, Fernandez J, Canto G, Blanca M (2010). "Local allergic rhinitis: concept, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approach".
1884:
Macgregor S, Lind PA, Bucholz KK, Hansell NK, Madden PA, Richter MM, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Heath AC, Whitfield JB (February 2009).
3432:
1886:"Associations of ADH and ALDH2 gene variation with self report alcohol reactions, consumption and dependence: an integrated analysis"
4795:
2555:"Pharmacologic Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Synopsis of Guidance From the 2017 Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters"
4481:
3456:
3228:
2153:
129:
1473:
Brown KR, Bernstein JA (June 2015). "Clinically relevant outcome measures of novel pharmacotherapy for nonallergic rhinitis".
4374:
3203:
1062:
726:
Mechanism of non-allergic rhinitis: Imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic components in the nasal mucous membrane
471:
459:
2219:
Rondón C, Canto G, Blanca M (February 2010). "Local allergic rhinitis: a new entity, characterization and further studies".
747:
1182:
Marshall PS, O'Hara C, Steinberg P (April 2000). "Effects of seasonal allergic rhinitis on selected cognitive abilities".
3889:
3672:
3427:
2825:
2729:
986:. According to physician Andrew Wylie, "we use the term for a cold in the head, but the two are really synonymous. The
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3159:
2854:
2849:
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1660:
359:
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483:
1082:
3623:
610:. Many people who were previously diagnosed with nonallergic rhinitis may actually have local allergic rhinitis.
3894:
3360:
2818:
759:
Environmental irritants acts as modulators of airway inflammation in these contiguous airways. Development of
4339:
3468:
607:
434:
In vasomotor rhinitis, certain nonspecific stimuli, including changes in environment (temperature, humidity,
4810:
4588:
4466:
4351:
4231:
3667:
3618:
3451:
3389:
2472:
Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo; Anto, Aram; Berger, Markus; Dramburg, Stephanie; Pfaar, Oliver; et al. (2022).
1935:"Alcohol-induced respiratory symptoms are common in patients with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease"
1276:
Bernstein, Jonathan A. (September 2010). "Allergic and mixed rhinitis: Epidemiology and natural history".
516:
A systematic review on non-allergic rhinitis reports improvement of overall function after treatment with
4529:
3913:
3628:
451:
weather changes are more common. An estimated 17 million United States citizens have vasomotor rhinitis.
355:
255:. Sneezing also occurs in infectious rhinitis to expel bacteria and viruses from the respiratory tract.
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4355:
4343:
4149:
3814:
1933:
Cardet JC, White AA, Barrett NA, Feldweg AM, Wickner PG, Savage J, Bhattacharyya N, Laidlaw TM (2014).
606:
for allergies, they may still have allergic rhinitis, from a local allergy in the nose. This is called
2374:"Rhinitis phenotypes correlate with different symptom presentation and risk factor patterns of asthma"
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4335:
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3011:
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380:
3442:
1807:"Non-allergic rhinitis: Position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"
1141:
259:
between 50 and 70% of all AR patients. However, true prevalence of MR has not been confirmed yet.
4805:
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3149:
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153:
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4184:
3717:
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631:
Rhinitis medicamentosa is a form of drug-induced nonallergic rhinitis which is associated with
626:
494:
386:
289:
2780:
2616:
2372:
Eriksson J, Bjerg A, Lötvall J, Wennergren G, Rönmark E, Torén K, Lundbäck B (November 2011).
2198:
1588:
1052:
1029:
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636:
392:
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4501:
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4081:
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3536:
3350:
3308:
2907:
2474:"Real-world data using mHealth apps in rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and their multimorbidities"
1849:
Adams KE, Rans TS (December 2013). "Adverse reactions to alcohol and alcoholic beverages".
818:
644:
510:
425:
273:
3208:
8:
4326:
4256:
4180:
3997:
3864:
3831:
3577:
3526:
3154:
2974:
2841:
2714:
765:
760:
750:, such as TRPA1 and TRPV1, may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-allergic rhinitis.
557:
Symptoms vary in severity between individuals. Very sensitive individuals can experience
435:
269:
252:
2129:
2104:
1376:
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1418:
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1353:
1320:
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is contingent on early diagnosis and the adoption of protective measures for rhinitis.
285:
207:. Allergic rhinitis may cause additional symptoms, such as sneezing and nasal itching,
2719:
1629:
1195:
569:
and detergents, which can normally be tolerated, can greatly aggravate the condition.
505:) in nostril spray form may also be used for symptomatic treatment. The antihistamine
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4519:
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1999:
1964:
1915:
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1752:
1702:
1656:
1633:
1570:
1539:
1490:
1455:
1423:
1392:"Common cold symptoms in children: results of an Internet-based surveillance program"
1358:
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1164:
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840:
599:
529:
293:
224:
216:
192:
124:
58:
2723:
2659:
2089:
1764:
1735:
Bernstein JA, Singh U (April 2015). "Neural
Abnormalities in Nonallergic Rhinitis".
1714:
1502:
4673:
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1991:
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1529:
1518:"Up-date on neuro-immune mechanisms involved in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis"
1482:
1413:
1403:
1348:
1332:
1285:
1191:
1155:
Quillen DM, Feller DB (May 2006). "Diagnosing rhinitis: allergic vs. nonallergic".
910:
875:
834:
802:
632:
572:
Characteristic physical findings in individuals who have allergic rhinitis include
475:
409:
347:
331:
161:
78:
2791:
2340:
722:
520:(the active component of chili peppers). The quality of evidence is low, however.
4774:
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4583:
4331:
4308:
4027:
4002:
3958:
3809:
3761:
3649:
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2030:
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1336:
367:
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173:
20:
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1238:
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advised their patients to clean their nostrils and thereby sharpen their wits."
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4658:
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4141:
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3747:
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2756:
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1995:
1950:
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309:
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2553:
Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Lang DM (December 2017).
2499:
2073:
1344:
1297:
1289:
1263:"Economic Impact and Quality-of-Life Burden of Allergic Rhinitis: Prevalence"
946:
861:
652:
648:
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371:
301:
232:
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may be used to determine if a particular substance is causing the rhinitis.
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2003:
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573:
351:
149:
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Gevorgyan A, Segboer C, Gorissen R, van Drunen CM, Fokkens W (July 2015).
4668:
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3473:
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3074:
3006:
2969:
2924:
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2775:
2638:
Wylie A (1927). "Rhinology and laryngology in literature and Folk-Lore".
1901:
824:
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401:
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321:
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is inhaled by an individual with a sensitized immune system, triggering
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339:
165:
133:
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2325:"TRP channels and temperature in airway disease-clinical significance"
1823:
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2554:
2413:
Scherer
Hofmeier K, Bircher A, Tamm M, Miedinger D (April 2012). "".
603:
585:
551:
517:
493:, applied as a nasal spray, may be effective for vasomotor rhinitis.
375:
335:
325:
244:
240:
236:
3935:
2412:
1096:
Settipane RA (2003). "Rhinitis: a dose of epidemiological reality".
4062:
3884:
3769:
3169:
1685:
Knipping S, Holzhausen HJ, Riederer A, Schrom T (August 2008). "".
592:
577:
566:
543:
534:
Allergic rhinitis or hay fever may follow when an allergen such as
413:
281:
277:
212:
196:
188:
184:
2533:"Study Finds 7 Apps for Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis With Evidence"
2102:
16:
Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose
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4266:
3122:
2998:
2552:
814:
810:
681:
502:
447:
220:
2734:
2595:"rhinitis | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary"
2298:
2264:
1684:
1008:"rhinitis | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary"
4461:
3219:
3032:
2961:
2691:
1675:(Middleton's Allergy Principles and Practice, seventh edition.)
1446:
Wheeler PW, Wheeler SF (September 2005). "Vasomotor rhinitis".
742:
535:
455:
305:
297:
204:
200:
169:
54:
2617:"coryza | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary"
2371:
1515:
1030:"coryza | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary"
730:
Most prominent pathological changes observed are nasal airway
666:) that constrict the blood vessels in the lining of the nose.
46:
3040:
2471:
980:
965:
950:
635:
brought on by the use of certain oral medications (primarily
558:
405:
228:
208:
180:
1981:
853:
The management of rhinitis depends on the underlying cause.
2989:
1939:
The
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice
1883:
1516:
Van Gerven L, Boeckxstaens G, Hellings P (September 2012).
1218:"Inflammatory Nature of Allergic Rhinitis: Pathophysiology"
1181:
931:
925:
916:
890:
881:
565:. Particulate matter in polluted air and chemicals such as
562:
479:
157:
93:
84:
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1054:
Ear, nose, and throat diseases: with head and neck surgery
753:
1932:
1803:
896:
338:
infection, including the common cold, which is caused by
99:
2449:"Nonallergic Rhinitis - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"
1389:
797:
In the case of infectious rhinitis, vaccination against
1653:
Manual of
Allergy and Immunology: Diagnosis and Therapy
239:
in the nose. When mast cells degranulate, they release
19:"Coryza" redirects here. For the genus of beetles, see
2840:
454:
Drinking alcohol may cause rhinitis as well as worsen
4758:
1441:
1439:
1437:
928:
913:
899:
887:
102:
90:
2669:
922:
893:
878:
96:
81:
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mast cell stabilizer (some are also antihistamines)
1050:
919:
884:
467:with a history of rhinitis exacerbated by aspirin.
87:
2221:Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2019:Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1475:Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1434:
2288:
2218:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1655:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 66.
1125:Clinical environmental health and toxic exposures
692:Chronic form of dryness of the mucous membranes.
57:grains from a variety of common plants can cause
4782:
2155:The Daily Telegraph: Complete Guide to Allergies
1390:Troullos E, Baird L, Jayawardena S (June 2014).
1057:(3rd ed.). Stuttgart: Thieme. p. 150.
860:are recommended. For severe symptoms intranasal
2184:
1122:
684:of the mucous membrane and glands of the nose.
1984:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1734:
1721:
1556:
1472:
1445:
867:
780:Evidence has been published from a few health
486:rather than NSAID-induced allergic reactions.
4477:Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
4424:
3921:
2826:
1154:
717:Pathological changes in non-allergic rhinitis
1797:
1615:
669:
584:, lateral crease on the nose, swollen nasal
546:production. These antibodies mostly bind to
2109:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2016:
1557:Wheeler, P. W.; Wheeler, S. F. (Sep 2005).
1175:
4431:
4417:
3928:
3914:
2833:
2819:
2548:
2546:
1851:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
1618:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
1184:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
474:(NSAIDs), particularly those that inhibit
45:
3433:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
2570:
2507:
2489:
2389:
2348:
2322:
2128:
2059:
1958:
1909:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1822:
1533:
1417:
1407:
1352:
1275:
1232:"Immunopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis"
1095:
620:
195:, which is usually triggered by airborne
2640:The Journal of Laryngology & Otology
2282:
2187:"Allergic rhinitis: update on diagnosis"
1051:Pfaltz CR, Becker W, Naumann HH (2009).
721:
711:
4482:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
4438:
3457:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
2543:
1650:
1318:
978:comes through Latin from Ancient Greek
754:Association between rhinitis and asthma
509:is also effective, probably due to its
419:
4783:
2289:Ramey JT, Bailen E, Lockey RF (2006).
2151:
1839:
1325:The World Allergy Organization Journal
396:. Symptoms of the common cold include
191:. The most common kind of rhinitis is
4412:
3909:
2814:
2637:
2270:(5): 364–71, quiz 2 p following 371.
2105:"Capsaicin for non-allergic rhinitis"
1136:
1134:
472:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
460:alcohol-induced respiratory reactions
2062:Current Medical Research and Opinion
1779:"What causes non-allergic rhinitis?"
1396:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1369:
695:
3890:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
2530:
1771:
1089:
13:
3479:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
2842:Diseases of the respiratory system
2478:Clinical and Translational Allergy
2365:
1737:Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
1131:
856:For allergic rhinitis, intranasal
743:ciliated columnar epithelial cells
707:
14:
4822:
1319:Kaliner, Michael A (2009-06-15).
700:Chronic rhinitis associated with
687:
360:human respiratory syncytial virus
330:Rhinitis is commonly caused by a
4768:
2531:May, Brandon (6 December 2022).
2185:Valet RS, Fahrenholz JM (2009).
1123:Sullivan JB, Krieger GR (2001).
909:
874:
580:, eyelid swelling, lower eyelid
484:NSAID hypersensitivity reactions
276:includes vasomotor, idiopathic,
77:
4796:Enterovirus-associated diseases
2631:
2609:
2587:
2524:
2465:
2453:MSD Manual Professional Edition
2441:
2406:
2316:
2255:
2212:
2178:
2145:
2096:
2053:
2010:
1975:
1926:
1877:
1678:
1669:
1644:
1609:
1581:
1550:
1509:
1466:
1383:
1312:
1269:
1255:
1224:
1210:
312:, and other inhaled allergens.
3939:and other nasal preparations (
3895:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
2121:10.1002/14651858.CD010591.pub2
1278:Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
1148:
1116:
1071:
1044:
1022:
1000:
680:Chronic rhinitis is a form of
598:Even if a person has negative
378:, which is commonly caused by
179:The inflammation is caused by
1:
3469:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
2341:10.1080/23328940.2015.1012979
1630:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61244-6
1196:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62273-9
993:
907:, while coryza is pronounced
848:
792:
315:
4717:Acute interstitial nephritis
4589:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
4467:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
4232:Calcium hexamine thiocyanate
3452:Respiratory hypersensitivity
3390:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
2233:10.1097/ACI.0b013e328334f5fb
2031:10.1097/aci.0000000000000021
1487:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000166
1337:10.1097/WOX.0b013e3181a9d55b
771:
292:(rebound congestion); (iii)
7:
4530:Hypersensitivity vasculitis
4525:Allergic contact dermatitis
3361:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
2619:. www.collinsdictionary.com
2597:. www.collinsdictionary.com
2559:Annals of Internal Medicine
1032:. www.collinsdictionary.com
1010:. www.collinsdictionary.com
868:Pronunciation and etymology
523:
356:human parainfluenza viruses
10:
4827:
4150:Beclometasone dipropionate
3214:Acute exacerbation of COPD
2391:10.1016/j.rmed.2011.06.004
2323:Millqvist E (April 2015).
1996:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.020
1951:10.1016/j.jaip.2013.12.003
1863:10.1016/j.anai.2013.09.016
981:
966:
951:
702:polyps in the nasal cavity
673:
624:
527:
423:
319:
18:
4725:
4707:
4689:
4574:
4556:
4538:
4500:
4492:Laboratory animal allergy
4446:
4369:
4305:
4285:
4219:
4140:
4067:excluding corticosteroids
4061:
3957:
3948:
3857:
3830:
3760:
3746:
3700:
3658:
3637:
3611:
3514:
3500:
3491:
3420:
3305:
3285:
3168:
3148:
2988:
2868:
2848:
2766:
2673:
2652:10.1017/S0022215100029959
2427:10.1024/0040-5930/a000283
2197:: 610–613. Archived from
1749:10.1007/s11882-015-0511-7
1699:10.1007/s00106-008-1764-4
1448:American Family Physician
1157:American Family Physician
676:Chronic atrophic rhinitis
670:Chronic atrophic rhinitis
400:, sneezing, sore throat (
366:other than rhinoviruses,
123:
65:
53:
44:
36:
31:
4594:Eosinophilic esophagitis
4220:Other nasal preparations
3277:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
3270:Bronchiolitis obliterans
3136:Laryngotracheal stenosis
3083:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
3061:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
3019:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2947:Nasal septum perforation
2291:"Rhinitis medicamentosa"
2074:10.1185/030079907X226302
1890:Human Molecular Genetics
1290:10.2500/aap.2010.31.3380
820:Streptococcus pneumoniae
381:Streptococcus pneumoniae
262:
160:. Common symptoms are a
4738:Allergic conjunctivitis
4699:Eosinophilic meningitis
4540:Blood and immune system
4211:Triamcinolone acetonide
3025:Retropharyngeal abscess
2152:Brooks P (2012-10-25).
872:Rhinitis is pronounced
782:apps for mobile devices
608:local allergic rhinitis
600:skin-prick, intradermal
443:neurogenic inflammation
4472:Eosinophilic pneumonia
4293:Olopatadine/mometasone
4185:Fluticasone propionate
3718:Pulmonary hypertension
3447:Eosinophilic pneumonia
3099:Vocal cord dysfunction
2942:Nasal septum deviation
2415:Therapeutische Umschau
2158:. Little, Brown Book.
1079:"Nonallergic rhinitis"
826:Haemophilus influenzae
727:
719:
627:Rhinitis medicamentosa
621:Rhinitis medicamentosa
495:Fluticasone propionate
387:Haemophilus influenzae
290:rhinitis medicamentosa
4082:histamine antagonists
3845:Mediastinal emphysema
3624:Healthcare-associated
3554:Legionnaires' disease
2980:Peritonsillar abscess
2952:Nasal septal hematoma
2484:(11). Wiley: e12208.
845:may help prevent it.
725:
715:
645:topical decongestants
637:sympathomimetic amine
393:Moraxella catarrhalis
4709:Genitourinary system
4286:Combination products
3592:Mendelson's syndrome
3464:Hamman–Rich syndrome
2378:Respiratory Medicine
1785:. Gov.uk. 2018-09-07
1589:"Vasomotor rhinitis
1559:"Vasomotor rhinitis"
842:Bordetella pertussis
426:Nonallergic rhinitis
420:Nonallergic rhinitis
284:, occupational, and
274:nonallergic rhinitis
270:bacterial infections
225:cognitive impairment
148:, is irritation and
4811:Otorhinolaryngology
4440:Allergic conditions
4348:+dexbrompheniramine
4327:Phenylpropanolamine
4257:Ipratropium bromide
4181:Fluticasone furoate
3865:Respiratory failure
3832:Mediastinal disease
3400:Bird fancier's lung
2975:Adenoid hypertrophy
1535:10.4193/Rhino11.152
1377:"Allergic rhinitis"
1142:"Allergic rhinitis"
1098:Allergy Asthma Proc
766:occupational asthma
761:occupational asthma
436:barometric pressure
350:, others caused by
4558:Circulatory system
4448:Respiratory system
4396:Never to phase III
4191:Mometasone furoate
3770:Pleuritis/pleurisy
3723:Pulmonary embolism
3619:Community-acquired
3544:Atypical bacterial
3443:Löffler's syndrome
3224:Status asthmaticus
3209:Chronic bronchitis
3094:Vocal fold paresis
2908:Vasomotor rhinitis
2767:External resources
2491:10.1002/clt2.12208
1902:10.1093/hmg/ddn372
1651:Adelman D (2002).
836:Bacillus anthracis
748:(TRP) ion channels
728:
720:
489:The antihistamine
470:Aspirin and other
286:gustatory rhinitis
130:Infectious disease
4756:
4755:
4748:Dust mite allergy
4520:Atopic dermatitis
4456:Allergic rhinitis
4406:
4405:
4301:
4300:
3903:
3902:
3853:
3852:
3810:Empyema/pyothorax
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3696:
3695:
3629:Hospital-acquired
3487:
3486:
3351:Caplan's syndrome
3144:
3143:
3089:Vocal fold nodule
2913:Atrophic rhinitis
2808:
2807:
1824:10.1111/all.13200
1817:(11): 1657–1665.
1409:10.2196/jmir.2868
1064:978-3-13-671203-0
799:influenza viruses
696:Polypous rhinitis
643:derivatives) and
530:Allergic rhinitis
348:influenza viruses
294:allergic rhinitis
193:allergic rhinitis
139:
138:
112:coryza /kəˈraɪzə/
26:Medical condition
4818:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4764:
4726:Other conditions
4576:Digestive system
4433:
4426:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4309:Sympathomimetics
4111:Cromoglicic acid
3998:Levmetamfetamine
3959:Sympathomimetics
3955:
3954:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3907:
3906:
3788:Pleural effusion
3781:Hemopneumothorax
3758:
3757:
3512:
3511:
3498:
3497:
3341:Bauxite fibrosis
3306:External agents/
3303:
3302:
3234:Exercise-induced
3190:Acute bronchitis
3166:
3165:
2866:
2865:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2572:10.7326/M17-2203
2550:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2493:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2352:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2295:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1990:(3): 676–81.e1.
1979:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1913:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1732:
1719:
1718:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1563:Am Fam Physician
1554:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1443:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1237:. Archived from
1236:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1081:. Archived from
1075:
1069:
1068:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1004:
985:
984:
983:
970:
969:
968:
955:
954:
953:
938:
937:
934:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
906:
905:
902:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
633:nasal congestion
550:, which contain
511:antiserotonergic
476:cyclooxygenase 1
144:, also known as
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
49:
29:
28:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4759:
4757:
4752:
4721:
4703:
4685:
4584:Coeliac disease
4570:
4552:
4534:
4496:
4442:
4437:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4386:Clinical trials
4365:
4332:Pseudoephedrine
4307:
4297:
4281:
4215:
4142:Corticosteroids
4136:
4066:
4057:
4028:Propylhexedrine
4003:Methylephedrine
3944:
3934:
3904:
3899:
3849:
3826:
3762:Pleural disease
3751:
3734:
3692:
3654:
3638:By distribution
3633:
3612:By vector/route
3607:
3505:
3493:
3483:
3438:Pulmonary edema
3416:
3311:
3307:
3294:
3290:
3281:
3246:Cystic fibrosis
3173:
3157:
3153:
3140:
2984:
2858:
2852:
2844:
2839:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2762:
2761:
2682:
2668:
2667:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2565:(12): 876–881.
2551:
2544:
2529:
2525:
2470:
2466:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2411:
2407:
2384:(11): 1611–21.
2370:
2366:
2321:
2317:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2260:
2256:
2217:
2213:
2204:
2202:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2150:
2146:
2115:(7): CD010591.
2101:
2097:
2068:(10): 2441–52.
2058:
2054:
2015:
2011:
1980:
1976:
1931:
1927:
1882:
1878:
1847:
1840:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1733:
1722:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1649:
1645:
1614:
1610:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1555:
1551:
1514:
1510:
1471:
1467:
1444:
1435:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1317:
1313:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1180:
1176:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1121:
1117:
1094:
1090:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1001:
996:
979:
964:
949:
945:comes from the
912:
908:
877:
873:
870:
858:corticosteroids
851:
795:
774:
756:
710:
708:Pathophysiology
698:
690:
678:
672:
629:
623:
532:
526:
428:
422:
374:, or bacterial
368:metapneumovirus
328:
318:
296:, triggered by
265:
187:, irritants or
174:post-nasal drip
154:mucous membrane
119:
115:
80:
76:
27:
24:
21:Coryza (beetle)
17:
12:
11:
5:
4824:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4806:Nose disorders
4803:
4798:
4793:
4778:
4777:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4691:Nervous system
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4562:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4548:Serum sickness
4544:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4413:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4340:+carbinoxamine
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4237:Eucalyptus oil
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4089:
4077:
4076:
4074:Spaglumic acid
4070:
4068:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4053:Xylometazoline
4050:
4045:
4043:Tuaminoheptane
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3973:Cyclopentamine
3970:
3964:
3962:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3933:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3773:
3772:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3748:Pleural cavity
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3594:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3509:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3410:Lycoperdonosis
3407:
3402:
3397:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3321:Pneumoconiosis
3317:
3315:
3300:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3241:Bronchiectasis
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3217:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3163:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3053:
3051:Laryngeal cyst
3048:
3046:Laryngomalacia
3043:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2783:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2748:
2737:
2726:
2707:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:Classification
2666:
2665:
2630:
2608:
2586:
2542:
2523:
2464:
2440:
2405:
2364:
2315:
2281:
2254:
2211:
2177:
2164:
2144:
2095:
2052:
2009:
1974:
1925:
1876:
1838:
1796:
1770:
1720:
1693:(8): 799–807.
1677:
1668:
1661:
1643:
1608:
1580:
1569:(6): 1057–62.
1549:
1508:
1465:
1454:(6): 1057–62.
1433:
1382:
1368:
1311:
1284:(5): 365–369.
1268:
1254:
1223:
1209:
1174:
1163:(9): 1583–90.
1147:
1130:
1127:. p. 341.
1115:
1088:
1085:on 2008-09-24.
1070:
1063:
1043:
1021:
998:
997:
995:
992:
988:ancient Romans
869:
866:
864:may be added.
862:antihistamines
850:
847:
803:COVID-19 virus
794:
791:
787:multimorbidity
773:
770:
755:
752:
709:
706:
697:
694:
689:
688:Rhinitis sicca
686:
674:Main article:
671:
668:
657:xylometazoline
625:Main article:
622:
619:
540:Balsam of Peru
528:Main article:
525:
522:
507:cyproheptadine
464:mixed rhinitis
424:Main article:
421:
418:
317:
314:
310:Balsam of Peru
264:
261:
137:
136:
132:, allergy and
127:
121:
120:
118:
117:
114:
113:
110:
72:
69:
67:
63:
62:
51:
50:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4823:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4801:Inflammations
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4776:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Latex allergy
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4487:Farmer's lung
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4429:
4427:
4422:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4352:+fexofenadine
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:Phenylephrine
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4306:Systemic use:
4304:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4206:Triamcinolone
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4179:Fluticasone (
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4170:Dexamethasone
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4155:Betamethasone
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:Levocabastine
4084:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:Phenylephrine
4021:
4019:
4018:Oxymetazoline
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3937:Decongestants
3931:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:Other/general
3856:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:Mediastinitis
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3583:noninfectious
3581:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3492:Obstructive /
3490:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:Farmer's lung
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3265:Bronchiolitis
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2618:
2612:
2596:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2304:(3): 148–55.
2303:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2201:on 2010-01-14
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2167:
2165:9781472103949
2161:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1945:(2): 208–13.
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:(3): 580–93.
1895:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1857:(6): 439–45.
1856:
1852:
1845:
1843:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1672:
1664:
1662:9780781730525
1658:
1654:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1624:(2): 334–40.
1623:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1595:. Nlm.nih.gov
1593:
1592:
1591:Medline Plus"
1584:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1528:(3): 227–35.
1527:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:(3): 204–12.
1480:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1379:. 2018-12-26.
1378:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:(6): 98–101.
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1244:on 2017-08-09
1240:
1233:
1227:
1219:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1190:(4): 403–10.
1189:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1104:(3): 147–54.
1103:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1031:
1025:
1009:
1003:
999:
991:
989:
977:
973:
962:
958:
948:
947:Ancient Greek
944:
940:
936:
904:
865:
863:
859:
854:
846:
844:
843:
838:
837:
832:
828:
827:
822:
821:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
790:
788:
783:
778:
769:
767:
762:
751:
749:
744:
740:
736:
735:
724:
718:
714:
705:
703:
693:
685:
683:
677:
667:
665:
662:
658:
654:
653:phenylephrine
650:
649:oxymetazoline
646:
642:
641:2-imidazoline
638:
634:
628:
618:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
591:
587:
583:
582:venous stasis
579:
576:swelling and
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
531:
521:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
465:
461:
457:
452:
449:
444:
439:
437:
432:
427:
417:
415:
412:, and slight
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
388:
383:
382:
377:
373:
372:measles virus
369:
365:
364:enteroviruses
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:Coronaviruses
341:
337:
333:
327:
323:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:, as well as
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:degranulation
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
135:
131:
128:
126:
122:
111:
107:
74:
73:
71:
70:
68:
66:Pronunciation
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
39:
35:
30:
22:
4733:Drug allergy
4599:Food allergy
4277:Saline water
4196:Prednisolone
4104:
4097:Thonzylamine
4080:
4063:Antiallergic
3988:Fenoxazoline
3777:Pneumothorax
3730:Lung abscess
3712:
3582:
3571:Pneumocystis
3532:Pneumococcal
3313:lung disease
3309:occupational
3287:Interstitial
3252:
3196:
3182:
3155:lung disease
3121:
3115:Epiglottitis
3105:
3073:
3067:Laryngospasm
3031:
3012:Strep throat
2997:
2960:
2936:nasal septum
2934:
2902:
2893:
2877:
2785:
2774:
2750:
2739:
2728:
2709:
2686:
2646:(2): 81–87.
2643:
2639:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2589:
2562:
2558:
2536:
2526:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2456:. Retrieved
2452:
2443:
2421:(4): 261–7.
2418:
2414:
2408:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2335:(2): 172–7.
2332:
2328:
2318:
2301:
2297:
2284:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2203:. Retrieved
2199:the original
2194:
2190:
2180:
2169:. Retrieved
2154:
2147:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2022:
2018:
2012:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1854:
1850:
1814:
1810:
1799:
1789:December 18,
1787:. Retrieved
1782:
1773:
1740:
1736:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1671:
1652:
1646:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1597:. Retrieved
1594:
1590:
1583:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1451:
1447:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1371:
1328:
1324:
1314:
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1246:. Retrieved
1239:the original
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1083:the original
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1024:
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1002:
975:
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871:
855:
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841:
835:
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819:
807:adenoviruses
796:
779:
775:
757:
739:goblet cells
731:
729:
716:
699:
691:
679:
664:nasal sprays
630:
612:
597:
574:conjunctival
571:
556:
533:
515:
488:
469:
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440:
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429:
391:
385:
379:
352:adenoviruses
340:Rhinoviruses
329:
266:
257:
178:
150:inflammation
145:
141:
140:
4791:Allergology
4566:Anaphylaxis
4458:(hay fever)
4382:from market
4356:+loratadine
4344:+cetirizine
4175:Flunisolide
4165:Ciclesonide
4126:Olopatadine
4038:Tramazoline
4033:Tetryzoline
4013:Naphazoline
3993:Iproheptine
3983:Epinephrine
3968:Amidephrine
3875:Common cold
3822:Fibrothorax
3805:Chylothorax
3800:Hydrothorax
3753:mediastinum
3713:circulatory
3708:Atelectasis
3515:By pathogen
3507:pneumonitis
3494:Restrictive
3474:Sarcoidosis
3346:Berylliosis
3292:restrictive
3253:unspecified
3175:obstructive
3158:(including
3075:vocal cords
3007:Pharyngitis
2970:Tonsillitis
2925:Nasal polyp
2860:common cold
2853:(including
2776:MedlinePlus
2329:Temperature
1402:(6): e144.
732:epithelial
661:naphazoline
604:blood tests
538:, dust, or
402:pharyngitis
322:Common cold
162:stuffy nose
156:inside the
37:Other names
4785:Categories
4510:Angioedema
4336:+azatadine
4272:Ritiometan
4252:Hyaluronan
4247:Hexamidine
4242:Framycetin
4201:Tixocortol
4160:Budesonide
4131:Lodoxamide
4121:Azelastine
4116:Nedocromil
4092:Antazoline
4048:Tymazoline
4008:Metizoline
3795:Hemothorax
3597:Aspiration
3559:Chlamydiae
3549:Mycoplasma
3537:Klebsiella
3395:Bagassosis
3381:Byssinosis
3356:Chalicosis
3331:Asbestosis
3326:Aluminosis
3260:Bronchitis
3131:Tracheitis
3107:epiglottis
3056:Laryngitis
2930:Rhinorrhea
2752:DiseasesDB
2458:2019-03-07
2227:(1): 1–7.
2205:2010-02-22
2191:Consultant
2171:2014-04-23
2025:(1): 1–6.
1599:2014-04-23
1248:2012-01-11
994:References
974:, "nose".
849:Management
831:diphtheria
793:Prevention
746:potential
734:metaplasia
615:patch test
590:middle ear
586:turbinates
548:mast cells
501:(both are
499:budesonide
491:azelastine
410:congestion
398:rhinorrhea
320:See also:
316:Infectious
237:mast cells
166:runny nose
134:immunology
4674:tree nuts
4664:shellfish
4515:Urticaria
4392:Phase III
4380:Withdrawn
4360:+naproxen
4317:Ephedrine
4262:Mupirocin
4227:Cafaminol
3978:Ephedrine
3870:Influenza
3815:Malignant
3578:Parasitic
3527:Bacterial
3502:Pneumonia
3371:Silicosis
3366:Siderosis
3336:Baritosis
3170:Bronchial
2918:Hay fever
2887:Sinusitis
2787:eMedicine
2623:4 January
2601:4 January
2500:2045-7022
2047:205433452
1743:(4): 18.
1522:Rhinology
1345:1939-4551
1298:1539-6304
1036:4 January
1014:4 January
772:Diagnosis
737:in which
561:or other
552:histamine
518:capsaicin
513:effects.
376:sinusitis
336:bacterial
326:Sinusitis
304:, animal
253:bacterial
247:, either
245:pneumonia
241:histamine
197:allergens
189:allergens
125:Specialty
75:rhinitis
59:hay fever
4775:Medicine
4637:red meat
3885:COVID-19
3678:BOOP-COP
3645:Broncho-
3588:Chemical
3376:Talcosis
3297:fibrosis
3150:Lower RT
2903:Rhinitis
2850:Upper RT
2799:ped/2560
2660:71281077
2581:29181536
2537:Medscape
2518:36434742
2435:22477666
2400:21764573
2359:27227021
2310:16784007
2276:20945601
2241:20010094
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1460:16190503
1428:24945090
1363:24229372
1306:20929601
1204:10795648
1169:16719251
1110:12866316
943:Rhinitis
741:replace
593:effusion
578:erythema
567:chlorine
544:antibody
524:Allergic
503:steroids
414:headache
308:, dust,
282:atrophic
278:hormonal
213:headache
209:coughing
199:such as
185:bacteria
170:sneezing
142:Rhinitis
32:Rhinitis
4649:peanuts
4632:poultry
4267:Retinol
4065:agents,
3961:, plain
3950:Topical
3197:chronic
3123:trachea
2999:pharynx
2879:sinuses
2795:med/104
2792:ent/194
2746:D012220
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2350:4843868
2249:3472235
1960:4018190
1911:2722191
1811:Allergy
1805:2017).
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1354:3650985
815:rubella
811:measles
682:atrophy
647:(e.g.,
448:hormone
272:; (ii)
221:malaise
217:fatigue
181:viruses
152:of the
4761:Portal
4659:sesame
4624:garlic
4619:fruits
4462:Asthma
4375:WHO-EM
3566:Fungal
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563:rashes
536:pollen
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390:, and
370:, and
346:, and
306:dander
298:pollen
223:, and
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201:pollen
172:, and
146:coryza
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4679:wheat
4628:meat
3701:Other
3650:Lobar
3601:Lipid
3522:Viral
3421:Other
3183:acute
3160:LRTIs
3085:(LPR)
3063:(LPR)
3041:Croup
3021:(LPR)
2855:URTIs
2757:26380
2720:472.0
2705:J31.0
2656:S2CID
2294:(PDF)
2245:S2CID
2086:S2CID
2043:S2CID
1761:S2CID
1711:S2CID
1499:S2CID
1242:(PDF)
1235:(PDF)
967:ῥινός
559:hives
458:(see
406:cough
332:viral
263:Types
249:viral
229:mucus
4654:rice
4644:milk
4614:fish
4609:eggs
4604:corn
4502:Skin
3880:SARS
3683:NSIP
3428:ARDS
3229:AERD
3204:COPD
2990:Neck
2895:nose
2870:Head
2741:MeSH
2730:OMIM
2715:9-CM
2625:2017
2603:2017
2577:PMID
2514:PMID
2496:ISSN
2431:PMID
2396:PMID
2355:PMID
2306:PMID
2272:PMID
2237:PMID
2160:ISBN
2135:PMID
2113:2015
2078:PMID
2035:PMID
2000:PMID
1965:PMID
1916:PMID
1867:PMID
1829:PMID
1791:2018
1753:PMID
1703:PMID
1657:ISBN
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1106:PMID
1059:ISBN
1038:2017
1016:2017
957:rhis
639:and
602:and
480:COX1
324:and
302:mold
203:and
158:nose
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2688:ICD
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