377:. Yet this culture seems to be fading as Japan's subsidies come in the form of incentives for the younger population to claim their stake in future rice production industry although with higher education levels, this industry becomes less lucrative for them. Hayami (1988) argued that Japanese consumers have become more tolerant of high rice prices because their food expenditure as a ratio of total expenditure has declined as their incomes rise (Hsu, 1994). Surprisingly, consumer groups have not actively supported the lifting of the ban in order to reduce the rice price. The main reason is reportedly the Japanese consumers’ demand for “high-quality” rice. Surveys indicate that consumers believe that foreign rice tastes bad.
273:. Due to small farms, rice production is considered a part-time occupation by many farmers. The number of Japanese farm households and farm population has declined in recent decades, as has rice production. The decline came about because in 1969, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries has asked farmers to reduce rice acreage; under the Staple Food Control Act of 1942 the Japanese government is formally in charge of all rice production, distribution, and sales. The most striking feature of Japanese agriculture, however, is the shortage of farmland. The 4.63
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by the government. This aggravated trade frictions between Japan and the United States. To the extent that Japan's rice producers have expressed discontent in removing quotas and high tariffs that help their industry at home, at the price of other
Japanese industries prospering such as (Kia). Tokyo's
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Since the postwar land reform (1945–1949), Japanese farms have remained fragmented and small. To prevent the reconsolidation of farmland, joint-stock companies cannot own farmland; agricultural cooperatives can own farmland only if they do the actual farming. Currently the average rice farmer works
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Projection in metric tons in 2016 include rice, 11 million; sugar beets, 4.7 million; potatoes, 2.9 million; cabbage, 2.3 million; mandarin oranges, 1.4 million; onions, 1.1 million; sweet potatoes, 1 million; apples, 881,100; and cucumbers, 700,000. Other crops include melons, tomatoes, wheat,
388:(General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade) negotiations in 1990, Japan refused to give concessions in eliminating its ban on rice imports. It was estimated that without the ban, U.S. rice exports to Japan could have amounted to $ 656 million a year. As of 2010
304:, vegetables, and dry rice in the summer. Japan's strategy to protect the flooding of its rice market is to offer compensation to those who own land and agree to grow other commodities. Intercropping is common: such crops are alternated with
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occupy much of the countryside, whether on the alluvial plains, the terraced slopes, or the swampland and coastal bays. Nonrice farmland share the terraces and lower slopes and are planted with
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periods. It is thought that this started the archipelago's agricultural revolution with its first intensive crop production. Rice occupies an emotional place in
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Kobayashi, A., Hori, K., Yamamoto, T. et al. Koshihikari: a premium short-grain rice cultivar – its expansion and breeding in Japan. Rice 11, 15 (2018).
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only 1.65 acres (6680 square meters or 2/3 hectare), which is a little larger than a football field. A typical
American farm is 160 times larger.
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are banned except in processed forms. Also, because of the disproportionate political power wielded by farmers, rice production is
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soybeans, tea, tobacco, and other fruits and vegetables.
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10 acres) under cultivation in 2008 has shrunk, with
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356:As part of the government's control of rice, rice
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349:, society, and political economy (Hsu, 1994).
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333:may have been in Japan as early as the Early
288:However, the land is intensively cultivated.
464:The MIT Encyclopedia of the Japanese Economy
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567:(2). University of Hawaii Press: 209–226.
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260:prefectures
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91:introducing
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489:2017-11-30
421:References
390:free trade
362:subsidized
320:See also:
271:mechanized
246:Production
145:improve it
74:references
38:improve it
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740:"Japan".
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149:verifying
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