Richard E. Byrd - Knowledge

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Government of the United States as Confidential Advisor to the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations from March 26, 1942 to May 10, 1942, August 14, 1942 to August 26, 1943, and from December 6, 1943 to October 1, 1945. In the performance of his duty Rear Admiral Byrd served in the Navy Department and in various areas outside the continental limits of the United States, employed on special missions on the fighting fronts in Europe and the Pacific. In all assignments his thoroughness, attention to detail, keen discernment, professional judgment and zeal produced highly successful results. His wise counsel, sound advice and foresight in planning constituted a material contribution to the war effort and to the success of the United States Navy. The performance of duty of Rear Admiral Byrd was at all times in keeping with the highest traditions and reflected credit upon himself and the United States Naval Service.

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a new war, the United States could be attacked by planes flying over one or both poles. This statement was made as part of a recapitulation of his own polar experience, in an exclusive interview with International News Service. Talking about the recently completed expedition, Byrd said that the most important result of his observations and discoveries is the potential effect that they have in relation to the security of the United States. The fantastic speed with which the world is shrinking – recalled the admiral – is one of the most important lessons learned during his recent Antarctic exploration. I have to warn my compatriots that the time has ended when we were able to take refuge in our isolation and rely on the certainty that the distances, the oceans, and the poles were a guarantee of safety.

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28, 1929 he took off in his "Floyd Bennett" from the Expedition's base at Little America, Antarctica and, after a flight made under the most difficult conditions he reached the South Pole on November 29, 1929. After flying some distance beyond this point he returned to his base at Little America. This hazardous flight was made under extreme conditions of cold, over ranges and plateaus extending nine to ten thousand feet above sea level and beyond probable rescue of personnel had a forced landing occurred. Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, U.S.N, Retired, was in command of this flight, navigated the airplane, made the mandatory preparations for the flight, and through his untiring energy, superior leadership, and excellent judgment the flight was brought to a successful conclusion.

1412:, and which was officially established on October 6, 1933. All mail sent to the Antarctic required at least one Byrd II 3 cent stamp (pictured), along with sufficient postage amounting to 53 cents. The postage stamp is numbered 753 in the Scott's Catalog. The U.S. Post Office contracted with the expedition for this purpose as it had no other means to deliver mail to and from the Antarctic. Approximately 150,000 pieces of such mail went through the special Antarctic post office in 1933 to 1934. As only members of the post office were authorized to postmark and handle mail, Charles F. Anderson, a special representative of the Postmaster General, was assigned to the post office at Little America in Antarctica. 566: 2760:

command of a Special Navy Mission to the Pacific from August 27, 1943, to December 5, 1943, when thirty-three islands of the Pacific were surveyed or investigated for the purpose of recommending air base sites of value to the United States for its defense or for the development of post-war civil aviation. In this service Admiral Byrd exercised fine leadership in gaining the united effort of civilian, Army, and Navy experts. He displayed courage, initiative, vision, and a high order of ability in obtain data and in submitting reports which will be of great present and future value to the National Defense and to the Government of the United States in the post-war period.

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great responsibility to the Government of the United States as Commanding Officer of the U.S. Antarctic Service. Rear Admiral Byrd did much toward the difficult task of organizing the expedition, which was accomplished in one fourth of the time generally necessary for such undertakings. In spite of a short operating season, he established two Antarctic bases 1,500 miles apart, where valuable scientific and economic investigations are now being carried on. With the

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skill as Commander of the expedition which flew the airplane "America" from New York City to France from June 29 to July 1, 1927, across the Atlantic Ocean under extremely adverse weather conditions which made a landing in Paris impossible; and finally for his discernment and courage in directing his plane to a landing at Ver sur Mer, France, without serious injury to his personnel, after a flight of 39 hours and 56 minutes.

2836: 1857: 5761: 646:). As fate would have it, Byrd missed his train to take him to the airship on August 24, 1921. The airship broke apart in midair, killing 44 of 49 crew members on board. Byrd lost several friends in the accident, and was involved in the subsequent recovery operations and investigation. The accident affected him deeply and inspired him to make safety a top priority in all of his future expeditions. 2688: 1546: 2797: 2983: 1505:) to Chambers, the ship's commanding officer, commending him and his crew "for the courage and efficiency" displayed following the explosion that made Byrd "feel proud to be an American. Great heroism was displayed, especially by the men who lost their lives rescuing the wounded." Byrd completed the Special Mission in December and participated in the 2727: 2706: 819:

Rawlins, who adds that the sextant data in the long-unavailable original official typewritten report are all expressed to 1 second, a precision not possible on Navy sextants of 1926 and not the precision of the sextant data in Byrd's diary for 1925 or the 1926 flight, which was normal (half or quarter of a minute of arc).

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in a flight to rescue downed German aviators in Greenly Island, Canada, leading to his death on April 25, 1928. Bennett, though, had started a memoir, given numerous interviews, and wrote an article for an aviation magazine about the flight before his death that all confirmed Byrd's version of the flight.

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Admiral Byrd was one of the most highly decorated officers in the history of the United States Navy. He is, probably, the only individual to receive the Medal of Honor, Navy Cross, Distinguished Flying Cross, and the Silver Life Saving Medal. He also was one of a very few individuals to receive all

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Admiral Richard E. Byrd warned today that the United States should adopt measures of protection against the possibility of an invasion of the country by hostile planes coming from the polar regions. The admiral explained that he was not trying to scare anyone, but the cruel reality is that in case of

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Shortly after the entry of the United States into the First World War in April 1917, Byrd oversaw the mobilization of the Rhode Island Naval Militia. He was then recalled to active duty and was assigned to the Office of Naval Operations and served in a desk job as secretary and organizer of the Navy

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The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal to Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (NSN: 0–7918), United States Navy, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished service in a position of

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cast doubt on Byrd's statement on the basis of his knowledge of the airplane's speed. Balchen said that Bennett had confessed to him months after the flight that Byrd and he had not reached the pole. Bennett, who had not completely healed from the early crash, developed pneumonia after participating

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In November 1929, Byrd participated in a privately financed expedition, where he headed the inaugural aircraft crew that successfully flew over the South Pole. Byrd strongly advocated for ski-equipped aircraft, despite the considerable operational, logistical, and maintenance challenges they posed,

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The 1996 release of Byrd's diary of the May 9, 1926, flight revealed erased (but still legible) sextant sights that sharply differ from Byrd's later June 22 typewritten official report to the National Geographic Society. Byrd took a sextant reading of the Sun at 7:07:10 GCT. His erased diary record

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crossing. This mission was historic, as it was the first time the Atlantic Ocean was crossed by an aircraft. It was decided that only men who had not served overseas would be allowed on the mission. Unfortunately for Byrd, his tour of duty in Newfoundland was considered overseas service. Byrd was,

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The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Legion of Merit to Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (NSN: 0–7918), United States Navy, for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services to the

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The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Legion of Merit to Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (NSN: 0–7918), United States Navy, for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States while in

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The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Distinguished Service Medal to Commander Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (NSN: 0–7918), United States Navy, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished service in a position of great responsibility to the Government of

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The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (NSN: 0–7918), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition I, in that on November

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Photographic expeditions and geological surveys were undertaken for the duration of that summer, and constant radio communications were maintained with the outside world. After their first winter, their expeditions were resumed, and on November 28, 1929, the first flight to the South Pole and back

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On March 31, 1934, during a regularly scheduled broadcast, Admiral Byrd was awarded the CBS Medal for Distinguished Contribution to Radio. Byrd's short-wave relay broadcasts, from his second Antarctic expedition, established a new chapter of communication history. Byrd was the sixth individual to

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On 1 September 1943, in compliance with a series of letters from the President to the Secretary of the Navy, the Commander-in-Chief United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations ordered Byrd to assume direction of a survey and "investigation of certain islands in the East and South Pacific in

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The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Flying Cross to Commander Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (NSN: 0–7918), United States Navy, for extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight; in recognition of his courage, resourcefulness and

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The Institute of Polar Studies at the Ohio State University officially changed its name to the Byrd Polar Research Center (BPRC) on January 21, 1987, after it acquired Byrd's expeditionary records, personal papers, and other memorabilia in 1985 from the estate of Marie A. Byrd, the late wife of

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crewmen, including the executive officer, Commander Rogers Elliott. Caused by ignition of gasoline fumes at the stern of the ship, the explosion threw some men overboard, while others were killed from concussion, burns, fractured skulls and broken necks. Several sailors died while trying to save

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arrived at Advance Base, where they found Byrd in poor physical health. The men remained at Advance Base until October 12. when an airplane from the base camp picked up Dr. Poulter and Byrd. The rest of the men returned to base camp with the tractor. This expedition is described by Byrd in his

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by a special act of Congress on December 21, 1929. As he was only 41 years old at the time, this promotion made Byrd the youngest admiral in the history of the United States Navy. By way of comparison, none of his Annapolis classmates became admirals until 1942, after 30 years of commissioned

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that tailwind-boosted Byrd's ground speed on both outward and inward legs, allowing the distance said to be covered in the time stated (the theory is based on rejecting handwritten sextant data in favor of typewritten alleged dead-reckoning data). This suggestion has been challenged by Dennis

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from June to October 1925. Although the expedition was largely unsuccessful (they did not in fact reach the pole) Byrd's efforts and the successful contributions of the aviation element during the expedition led to Byrd's renown as a pioneer of aircraft in exploration.

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The armada arrived in the Ross Sea on December 31, 1946, and made aerial explorations of an area half the size of the United States, recording 10 new mountain ranges. The major area covered was the eastern coastline of Antarctica from 150°E to the Greenwich meridian.

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When he returned to the United States from the Arctic, Byrd became a national hero. He was thrown a parade in New York City, and Congress passed a special act on December 21, 1926, promoting him to the rank of commander and awarding both Floyd Bennett and him the

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poisoning from a poorly ventilated stove. Unusual radio transmissions from Byrd finally began to alarm the men at the base camp, who then attempted to go to Advance Base. The first two trips were failures due to darkness, snow, and mechanical troubles. Finally,

1853:, a new category of scout created that same year. This distinction was given to "American citizens whose achievements in outdoor activity, exploration, and worthwhile adventure are of such an exceptional character as to capture the imagination of boys ...". 1233:

to the South Pole and back in 18 hours, 41 minutes. They had difficulty gaining enough altitude, and they had to dump empty gas tanks, as well as their emergency supplies, to achieve the altitude of the Polar Plateau, but they were ultimately successful.

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By the time he died, Byrd had amassed 22 citations and special commendations, nine of which were for bravery and two for extraordinary heroism in saving the lives of others. In addition, he received the Medal of Honor, the Silver Lifesaving Medal, the

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He rendered valuable service as Secretary and Organizer of the Navy Department Commission on Training Camps, and trained men in aviation in the ground school in Pensacola, and in charge of rescue parties and afterwards in charge of air forces in

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Due to reductions in the Navy after the First World War, Byrd reverted to the rank of lieutenant at the end of 1921. During the summer of 1923, then-Lieutenant Byrd and a group of volunteer Navy veterans of the First World War helped found the

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by air. However, there is some controversy as to whether or not Byrd was actually the first person to reach the North Pole. It is generally believed that the distance Byrd claimed to fly was longer than the possible fuel range of his airplane.

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For distinguishing himself conspicuously by courage and intrepidity at the risk of his life, in demonstrating that it is possible for aircraft to travel in continuous flight from a now inhabited portion of the earth over the North Pole and

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Within a few months, in March 1940, Byrd was recalled to active duty in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. The expedition continued in Antarctica without him until the last of its participants left Antarctica on March 22, 1941.

1290:, the international honor society in the social sciences. He carried the society's flag during his first Antarctic expedition to dramatize the spirit of adventure into the unknown, characterizing both the natural and social sciences. 924:

on June 29, 1927. On board was mail from the US Postal Service to demonstrate the practicality of aircraft. Arriving over France the next day, they were prevented from landing in Paris by cloud cover; they returned to the coast of

1684:. This was Byrd's last trip to Antarctica, and marked the beginning of a permanent U.S. military presence in Antarctica. Byrd spent only one week in the Antarctic, and started his return to the United States on February 3, 1956. 798:

shows the apparent (observed) solar altitude to have been 19°25'30", while his later official typescript reports the same 7:07:10 apparent solar altitude to have been 18°18'18". On the basis of this and other data in the diary,

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As for Byrd, the controversy over his flight was to come in the following years, when the true distance he claimed to have flown was calculated to have been unrealistically far for that type of airplane and that duration of

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Byrd continued with his quest to cross the Atlantic nonstop, naming Balchen to replace Bennett, who had not yet fully recovered from his injuries, as chief pilot. Byrd, Balchen, Acosta, and Noville flew from Roosevelt Field,

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concluded that Byrd steered accurately, and flew about 80% of the distance to the pole before turning back because of an engine oil leak, but later falsified his official report to support his statement of reaching the pole.

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During the summer months the days were long and the evenings existed in twilight. Inside the exploration headquarters Byrd had fashioned a large calendar on the wall, where he would cross off each day as it passed.

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To finance and gain both political and public support for his expeditions, Byrd actively cultivated relationships with many powerful individuals, including President Franklin Roosevelt, Henry Ford, Edsel Ford,

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in which he accurately predicted that while specially modified aircraft with one to three crewmen would fly the Atlantic nonstop, another 20 years were needed before it would be realized on a commercial scale.

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Richard E. Byrd Middle School in Sun Valley, California, is named after Admiral Byrd. The school opened in its present location in 2008 after its original location was converted to Sun Valley High School.

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Richard E. Byrd Elementary School, a Department of Defense school located in Negishi (Yokohama, Japan) opened on September 20, 1948. The name was changed to R.E. Byrd Elementary School on April 5, 1960.

1205:, was chosen to accompany the expedition. Siple went on to earn an doctorate and was probably the only person, other than Byrd himself, to participate in all five of Byrd's Antarctic expeditions. 1644:. He was interviewed by Larry LeSueur and Kenneth Crawford about his Antarctic voyages, and said that Antarctica, in the future, would become the most important place in the world for science. 402:, Evelyn Bolling Byrd Clarke, Katharine Agnes Byrd Breyer, and Helen Byrd Stabler. By late 1924, the Byrd family moved into a large brownstone house at 9 Brimmer Street in Boston's fashionable 4186: 9021: 960:

at the dinner. Acosta and Balchen did not receive the Distinguished Flying Cross because, at that time, it could only be awarded to members of the armed services and not to civilians.

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Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Herbert Hoover, 1930: Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President, January 1 to December 31, 1930

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was the first one financed and conducted by the United States government. The project included extensive studies of geology, biology, meteorology, and exploration. The innovative

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After a further summer of exploration, the expedition returned to North America on June 18, 1930. Unlike the 1926 flight, this expedition was honored with the gold medal of the

586:, Canada, from July 1918 until the armistice in November. In that assignment, he was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant and the temporary rank of lieutenant commander. 1735:. He was assigned state membership number 605 and national membership number 50430. He received the society's War Service Medal for his service during the First World War. 9036: 3899: 2714:

the United States, in demonstrating, by his courage and professional ability that heavier-than-air craft could in continuous flight travel to the North Pole and return.

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however, able to make a valuable contribution, as his expertise in aerial navigation resulted in his appointment to plan the flight path of the mission. Of the three

501:, which also served as the yacht of the Secretary of the Navy. This assignment brought Byrd into contact with high-ranking officials and dignitaries, including then 722:, who helped finance the expedition. In addition to Ford contributions, John D. Rockefeller also notably provided funding for the expedition. The flight left from 662:

shipyard was built on the site. NRAS Squantum was commissioned on August 15, 1923, and is considered to have been the first air base in the Naval Reserve program.

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which greatly helped raise the funding needed to finance Byrd's expedition to the Antarctic. The expedition, via the Post Office, sold philatelic subscription

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on September 2, 1945. He was released from active duty on October 1, 1945. In recognition of his service during World War II, Byrd received two awards of the

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Byrd, by then an internationally recognized, pioneering American polar explorer and aviator, served for a time as Honorary National President (1931–1935) of

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Admiral Byrd. His papers served as the nucleus for establishment of the BPRC Polar Archival Program in 1990. In 1958. the Richard Byrd library, part of the

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on June 6, 1944) without fatalities on July 1, 1927. In France, Byrd and his crew were received as heroes and Byrd was invested as an Officer of the French

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Byrd received numerous medals from nongovernmental organizations in honor of his achievements. These included the David Livingstone Centenary Medal of the

3242: 1612:, in which he discussed the lessons learned from the operation. The interview appeared in the Wednesday, March 5, 1947, edition of the Chilean newspaper 822:

If Byrd and Bennett did not reach the North Pole, then the first flight over the pole occurred a few days later, on May 12, 1926, with the flight of the

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for the purpose of building aircraft to complete nonstop flights across the Atlantic Ocean. Byrd was one of several aviators who attempted to win the

422:, whose admiration of his polar exploits helped to gain Byrd sponsorship and financing for his various polar expeditions from the Ford Motor Company. 9081: 8996: 8981: 1473:

As a senior officer in the United States Navy, Byrd was recalled on active duty on March 26, 1942, and served as the confidential advisor to Admiral

1594:), six helicopters, six flying boats, two seaplane tenders, and 15 other aircraft were used. The total number of personnel involved was over 4,000. 952:

After their return to the United States, an elaborate dinner in their honor was held in New York City on July 19. Byrd and Noville were awarded the

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Since 1926, doubts have been raised, defenses made, and heated controversy arose over whether or not Byrd actually reached the North Pole. In 1958,

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connection with national defense and commercial air bases and routes." The members of the Special Navy Mission sailed from Balboa, Canal Zone, on

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On his second expedition during the summer of 1933–1934, (it was winter in the US, above the equator) Byrd spent five months alone operating a

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Byrd was one of only four American military officers in history entitled to wear a medal with his own image on it. The others were Admiral

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Note – The dates on the table below are the year the award was received and not necessarily the year of the actions the award recognizes.

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On March 15, 1916, Byrd, much to his frustration, was medically retired on three-quarters pay for an ankle injury he suffered on board

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Lieutenant Charles Lindbergh had applied to serve as a pilot on Byrd's North Pole expedition, but apparently, his bid came too late.)

9016: 8991: 2502: 4719: 3628: 9056: 9011: 8860: 6075: 2479: 6083: 8435: 7441: 5854: 1469:, commemorating the loss of 24 men during Byrd's special mission to reconnoiter South Sea islands during September–December 1943. 4456:"Congressional Gold, Silver, and Bronze Medals awarded to the members of Rear Admiral Richard Byrd's first Antarctic expedition" 244:, was a pioneering American aviator, polar explorer, and organizer of polar logistics. Aircraft flights in which he served as a 9091: 9086: 8032: 7630: 7218: 4187:"Admiral Byrd Dies at 68. Made 5 Polar Expeditions. Admiral Flew Over Both Poles and Helped Establish Antarctic as a Continent" 3027: 2679:

Byrd, along with Machinist Floyd Bennett, was presented with the Medal of Honor by President Calvin Coolidge on March 5, 1927.

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On January 20, 1915, Richard married Marie Ames Byrd (d. 1974). He would later name a region of Antarctic land he discovered "

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Admiral Byrd died in his sleep of a heart ailment at the age of 68 on March 11, 1957, at his home at 7 Brimmer Street in the

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mentions a "spurious story" about "'holes in the pole' allegedly found by Admiral Byrd", when he quotes Clint Chapin of the

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appointed Byrd as officer in charge of Antarctic Developments Project. Byrd's fourth Antarctic expedition was code-named

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Rank and organization: Commander, United States Navy. Born: October 25, 1888, Winchester, Va. Appointed from: Virginia.

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The 50th anniversary of Byrd's first flight over the South Pole was commemorated in a set of two postage stamps by

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Accepting that the conflicting data in the typed report's flight times indeed require both northward and southward

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Philip White Scrapbooks and Correspondence on Admiral Richard Byrd and the Byrd Antarctic Expedition of 1928–1933

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near Boston, using an unused First World War seaplane hangar which had remained more-or-less intact after the

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He was also a member of numerous other patriotic, scientific, and charitable organizations, including the

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The expedition was supported by a large naval force (designated Task Force 68), commanded by Rear Admiral

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Antarctic Expedition 3 cent, issue of 1933. The basic design, featuring a map, was inspired by President

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their shipmates. The dead were buried at sea on October 8. On October 23, 1943, Byrd wrote a letter from

1279: 1162: 636:, who felt the risks outweighed the potential rewards. Byrd was then assigned to the ill-fated dirigible 575: 565: 446: 438: 379: 98: 3180: 1633:. The film shows live-action footage of the operation, along with a few re-enacted scenes. It won the 574:

Department Commission on Training Camps. In the autumn of 1917, he was sent to naval aviation school at

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awarded by the National Geographic Society for his flight to the North Pole. Other recipients include

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Byrd also received numerous other awards from governmental and private entities in the United States.

1302:. As a token of his gratitude, Byrd named geographic features in the Antarctic after his supporters. 248:

and expedition leader crossed the Atlantic Ocean, a segment of the Arctic Ocean, and a segment of the

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The long-range short-wave voice transmissions from Byrd's Antarctic expedition in 1934 were named an

1606: 579: 554: 509: 1241: 578:. He qualified as a naval aviator (number 608) in June 1918. He then commanded naval air forces at 545:. Shortly thereafter, on December 14, 1916, he was assigned as the inspector and instructor for the 425:

He had a pet dog, Igloo, who accompanied Byrd to the North and South poles and who is buried at the

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For his services during the war, he received a letter of commendation from Secretary of the Navy

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won the prize by completing his historic flight on May 21, 1927. (Coincidentally, in 1925, then

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In 1921, Byrd volunteered to attempt a solo nonstop crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, prefiguring

8792: 8358: 6290: 5659: 5479: 2338: 1850: 1446: 1315: 1166: 1095: 633: 442: 7625: 4226: 2190: 2015:, was opened in 2005, and is decorated with pictures and letters from Byrd's life and career. 8797: 8766: 8571: 8524: 8423: 8227: 8146: 8089: 7838: 7832: 7682: 7640: 7602: 7582: 7177: 6952: 6788: 6698: 6680: 6597: 6568: 6558: 6446: 6383: 6157: 5679: 5629: 5624: 5519: 5361: 5305: 5283: 5132: 5110: 5055: 5009: 4991: 4875: 4762: 4754: 4555: 3122: 2642: 2495: 2347: 1976: 1952: 1846: 1692: 1669: 1327: 1246: 1044: 630: 524: 445:, before financial circumstances inspired his starting over and taking an appointment to the 86: 6838: 4720:"A navigation expert's look at how Byrd's claim is one possible interpretation of his diary" 4363:"Milestones:Long-Range Shortwave Voice Transmissions from Byrd's Antarctic Expedition, 1934" 1415:

In late 1938, Byrd visited Hamburg, and was invited to participate in the 1938/1939 German "

1083: 8916: 8911: 8651: 8643: 8586: 8174: 8038: 7964: 7956: 7756: 7696: 7655: 7268: 7259: 7130: 7125: 7029: 6893: 6650: 6612: 6219: 5989: 5957: 5901: 5881: 5073: 4995: 2851: 2057: 1917: 1892: 1127: 606: 532: 457: 357: 305: 69: 8019: 6424: 6407: 3464: 3400: 2120: 1994:). Byrd used New Zealand as his departure point for several of his Antarctic expeditions. 8: 9006: 8772: 8694: 8159: 8082: 7998: 7779: 7771: 7720: 7360: 7318: 6813: 6776: 6665: 6429: 6299: 6102: 5907: 5754: 5731: 5689: 5639: 5614: 5388: 5346: 5185: 5059: 4922: 4723: 4703: 3810: 3701: 3632: 2197: 1909: 1725: 1701: 1482: 1397: 1197:

began. To increase the interest of youth in arctic exploration, a 19-year-old American

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three Antarctic expedition medals issued for expeditions prior to the Second World War.

1573:. It was the largest Antarctic expedition to date and was expected to last 6–8 months. 1465:

Letter from RADM Richard E. Byrd to Captain Irving R. Chambers, Commanding Officer, USS

8493: 8385: 8366: 7930: 7905: 7447: 7341: 7305: 7281: 7172: 7019: 6994: 6990: 6980: 6886: 6864: 6843: 6724: 6714: 6461: 6349: 6277: 5950: 5941: 5933: 5844: 5824: 5674: 5195: 5169: 5069: 4926: 4191: 3687: 3660: 3572: 3057: 3022: 2586: 1913: 1896: 1881: 1869: 1809: 1798: 1570: 1521: 1517: 1267: 1259: 1147: 900: 882:

Once again, Byrd named Floyd Bennett as his chief pilot, with Norwegian Bernt Balchen,

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necessitating the establishment of significant onshore bases to address these issues.

730:. Byrd and Bennett said they reached the North Pole, a distance of 1,535 miles (1,335 8865: 8671: 8665: 8621: 8606: 8535: 8507: 8415: 8352: 8262: 8234: 8214: 8152: 8060: 8024: 7898: 7865: 7858: 7811: 7793: 7710: 7459: 7328: 7276: 7182: 7135: 7063: 7052: 6764: 6754: 6746: 6642: 6632: 6543: 6538: 6521: 6487: 6354: 6341: 6162: 6068: 6026: 6021: 5811: 5736: 5609: 5278: 5179: 5126: 5035: 5029: 4910: 4786: 4689: 4679: 4598: 4572: 4435: 4232: 4071: 4052:

Navy History and Heritage Command, "Papers of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd 1941-1945"

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station, Advance Base, from which he narrowly escaped with his life after suffering

665:

Byrd commanded the aviation unit of the arctic expedition to North Greenland led by

8882: 8614: 8306: 8186: 8012: 7985: 7925: 7800: 7730: 7715: 7454: 7383: 7378: 7352: 7347: 7229: 7152: 7105: 6872: 6692: 6657: 6553: 6548: 6482: 6396: 6178: 6170: 6056: 5976: 5928: 5918: 5891: 5726: 5136: 5122: 5083: 5015: 4999: 4868: 4792: 3683: 3656: 3564: 2988: 2449: 2331: 2243: 2062: 1839: 1805:, he was the only American entitled to wear two medals with his own image on them. 1794: 1728:

Chapter No. 3 at Washington. In 1930, Byrd was awarded a gold medal by Kane Lodge.

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After the war, Byrd volunteered to be a crew member in the U.S. Navy's 1919 aerial

590: 520: 471: 4566: 2324: 1142:(named after the recently deceased pilot of Byrd's previous expeditions) flown by 879:

in 1927 for making the first nonstop flight between the United States and France.

291: 8872: 8819: 8710: 8705: 8629: 8594: 8530: 8429: 8344: 8043: 7826: 7818: 7787: 7703: 7663: 7417: 7373: 7313: 7237: 7207: 7202: 7162: 7140: 7088: 7024: 7014: 6965: 6687: 6672: 6525: 6494: 6456: 6206: 6134: 6051: 6016: 5876: 5494: 5469: 5395: 5351: 5341: 5199: 5140: 5087: 4987: 4823: 4279: 4131: 3872: 3429: 3150:. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. pp. 54, 123–43, 478–79. 3145: 3080: 2772: 2751: 2572: 2419: 2181: 1767: 1763: 1743: 1629: 1566: 1529: 1343: 1226: 942: 827: 759: 747: 614:(NC-1, NC-3, and NC-4) that started from Newfoundland, only Lieutenant Commander 475: 406:

neighborhood that had been purchased by Marie's father, a wealthy industrialist.

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Little America: Aerial Exploration in the Antarctic The Flight to the South Pole

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for the 1933-34 broadcast season, reaching an average audience of 19.1 million.

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program was short-waved to Buenos Aires, then relayed to New York. Sponsored by

673:

During this expedition, Byrd made the acquaintance of Navy Chief Aviation Pilot

531:. Byrd's last assignment before forced retirement was to the presidential yacht 8846: 8829: 8782: 8741: 8731: 8700: 8559: 8549: 8441: 8391: 8256: 8206: 8179: 8124: 7920: 7915: 7764: 7617: 7471: 7433: 7390: 7323: 7297: 7251: 7224: 7197: 7167: 7110: 7068: 7058: 6938: 6931: 6828: 6808: 6620: 6580: 6511: 6307: 6282: 6237: 6201: 6195: 6187: 6147: 6142: 6116: 6096: 5864: 5720: 5715: 5705: 5604: 5418: 5051: 5041: 5019: 5005: 4956: 4932: 4914: 4906: 3048: 2656: 2388: 2213: 2019: 1828: 1739: 1474: 1348: 1178: 1150: 891: 840: 836: 799: 779: 739: 727: 655: 456:

On June 8, 1912, Byrd graduated from the Naval Academy and was commissioned an

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completed the trip on May 18, 1919, achieving the first transatlantic flight.

38: 8905: 8809: 8751: 8746: 8736: 8686: 8681: 8657: 8601: 8478: 8472: 8467: 8066: 7977: 7970: 7725: 7520: 7499: 7367: 7145: 7115: 7083: 7078: 6915: 6821: 6704: 6499: 6312: 6262: 6255: 6247: 6152: 6061: 5896: 5649: 5443: 5173: 5023: 4952: 4938: 4918: 4075: 2597: 1820: 1677: 1673: 1634: 1627:

In 1948, the U.S. Navy produced a documentary about Operation Highjump named

1385:, the broadcasts aired on Saturday nights at 10:00 pm and reached #16 on the 1382: 1299: 1218: 1138: 1133: 844: 790: 731: 703: 678: 674: 364: 353: 349: 4771: 4568:

Beyond the barrier : the story of Byrd's first expedition to Antarctica

1310: 8840: 8834: 8446: 8410: 8276: 8103: 8053: 7992: 7846: 7534: 7485: 7335: 7157: 7120: 7100: 7041: 6575: 6563: 6506: 6434: 6335: 6232: 6226: 6123: 6111: 5984: 5962: 5886: 5839: 5220: 5116: 5045: 4962: 4252: 4231:. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. 1976. p. 275. 2521: 2354: 2025:

Byrd was inducted into the International Air and Space Hall of Fame at the

1906: 1824: 1790: 1424: 1254: 895: 876: 859: 807: 707: 629:'s historic flight by six years. Byrd's ambition was dashed by then acting 611: 528: 361: 253: 159: 4647:"The North Pole Flight of Richard E. Byrd: An Overview of the Controversy" 3753:"Charles Lindbergh completes the first solo, nonstop transatlantic flight" 8877: 8777: 8725: 8543: 8330: 8118: 7493: 7425: 7187: 7046: 7009: 6909: 6901: 6709: 6045: 5453: 5433: 5320: 4979: 4948: 4942: 4711: 4126: 3951: 3929: 3007: 3002: 2926: 2138: 1721: 1614: 1386: 1339: 1287: 1222: 1121: 930: 883: 815: 755: 746:

was flown around the country in celebration. Bennett was promoted to the

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The Papers of Thomas B. Mulroy on Richard E. Byrd's Antarctic Expedition

4599:"3c Byrd Antarctic Expedition II President Franklin D. Roosevelt sketch" 2095: 1758: 1668:(IGY) 1957–58, Byrd was appointed as officer in charge of the U.S. Navy 1652: 1553: 1449:

was brought with the expedition, but broke down shortly after arriving.

553:. While serving in this position, he was commended by Brigadier General 8676: 8579: 8563: 8405: 8338: 8239: 7648: 7597: 7557: 6879: 6605: 6533: 6475: 5868: 5836: 5510: 5383: 5262: 5152: 2861: 2842: 2412: 2400: 1987: 1681: 1461: 1416: 1202: 1190: 1120:

that had come into fame as a ship some said was in the vicinity of the

1011: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 934: 719: 461: 450: 419: 415: 395: 321: 317: 280: 279:, the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration, and the 264: 260: 177: 4778: 4499: 2940: 2933: 2883: 2876: 2869: 2086: 770: 8198: 7035: 6587: 6370: 5423: 4649:. Polar Archival Program, Ohio State University. 2007. Archived from 3874:

Beyond the Barrier: The Story of Byrd's First Expedition to Antarctia

2509: 1724:

Lodge No. 454, New York City, September 18, 1928. He was a member of

1717: 1525: 1494: 1107: 245: 5780: 3555:

Rawlins, Dennis (January 2000). "Byrd's Heroic North Pole Failure".

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in the United States Navy. On July 14, 1912, he was assigned to the

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https://www.old-time.com/ratings/by%20season/1930s/19331934eve.html

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Portney, Joseph (1973). "The Polar Flap: Byrd's Flight Confirmed".

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50th Anniversary flag of Byrd's historic flag over the South Pole.

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In 1931, Byrd became a compatriot of the Tennessee Society of the

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To the Pole: The Diary and Notebook of Richard E. Byrd, 1925–1927

1991: 1392:

Byrd's Antarctic expedition prompted President Roosevelt and the

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A CBS radio station, KFZ, was set up on the base camp ship, the

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As a result of his achievement, Byrd was promoted to the rank of

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involving two ships and three airplanes: Byrd's flagship was the

871:, which had been established in 1914 by department-store magnate 823: 492: 6924: 1856: 1404:

to be serviced at the official USPOD post office set up in the

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Frederick G. Dustin logbook of Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition

3877:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 173–91. 832: 4403:"Richard E. Byrd – International Air & Space Hall of Fame" 3674:

Portney, Joseph (1992). "History of Aerial Polar Navigation".

2721: 1895:

from the Boy Scouts of America. Also in 1929, he received the

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Memorials to Byrd can be found in two cities in New Zealand (

283:, the second highest honor for valor given by the U.S. Navy. 9022:

Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)

4592:

Discovery: The Story of the Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition

4400: 1672:

in 1955–56, which established permanent Antarctic bases at

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service. He is one of only four persons including Admiral

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U.S. Navy Register of Commissioned Officers. 1919. p. 406.

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On December 8, 1954, Byrd appeared on the television show

1305: 4779:"The Byrd Polar Research Center at Ohio State University" 3922: 3082:

The Last Viking: The Extraordinary Life of Roald Amundsen

2824:

Awarded for service from 1917 to 1918 during World War I.

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with a tombstone that reads "He was more than a friend."

1580:. Thirteen US Navy support ships (besides the flagship 754:

versions of the Medal of Honor on March 5, 1927, at the

750:

rank of machinist. Byrd and Bennett were presented with

19:

For his father, the Virginia lawyer and politician, see

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General Orders: Board Serial 176P00 (February 4, 1946)

2052:

case as believing the UFOs came from inside the earth.

4682:

To the Pole: The Diary and Notebook of Richard E. Byrd

4677:

Byrd, Richard Evelyn; Goerler, Raimund Erhard (1998).

4667:"Richard E. Byrd's 1926 Flight Towards the North Pole" 4432:

Confrontations: A Scientist's Search for Alien Contact

2791: 1779:, the Distinguished Flying Cross, and the Navy Cross. 1647: 894:

at the controls and Bennett in the co-pilot seat, the

3731:. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press. p. 97. 3341:"Squantum Twenty Years Old: Aviation site since 1911" 3285:

Report of the Adjutant General of Rhode Island. 1917.

2022:

as an honorary member at the University of Virginia.

1087:

Flag used by Byrd in his Second Antarctic Expedition.

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Byrd wrote an article for the August 1927 edition of

890:

as other crewmembers. During a practice takeoff with

4330:

Our Source: "Byrd Gets CBS Award." (April 1, 1934).

3602:

DIO, the International Journal of Scientific History

3595:"Byrd's Heroic 1926 Flight & Its Faked Last Leg" 3085:. Douglas and McIntyre (2013) Limited. p. 256. 2978: 1872:

dedicated the Richard Evelyn Byrd Flying Field, now

3531: 1664:As part of the multinational collaboration for the 484:and served in Mexican waters in June following the 432: 9037:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal 5569:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs 4791:is available for free viewing and download at the 4678: 3778: 2767: 2011:Admiral Richard E. Byrd Middle School, located in 1801:. As Byrd's image is on both the first and second 867:In 1927, Byrd announced he had the backing of the 344:, a colonial governor. He was also descended from 4176:. Bernard Kalb. New York Times. February 4, 1956. 3497: 2746: 1540: 8903: 3434:. Washington DC: Regnery. pp. 359, 365–67. 3375:"Inside the MacMillan Arctic Expedition of 1925" 3361:"Inside the MacMillan Arctic Expedition of 1925" 3219:Dedham: Historic and Heroic Tales From Shiretown 2001:in 1979, and a commemorative flag was designed. 1955:, Richard E. Byrd School was dedicated in 1931. 1842:Medal of the Philadelphia Geographical Society. 1819:He was the seventh recipient of the prestigious 1601:Admiral Byrd was interviewed by Lee van Atta of 3673: 3646: 3626: 3592: 3554: 3203:"Ford, Edsel | Detroit Historical Society" 259:Byrd claimed to be the first to reach both the 9052:Members of the Sons of the American Revolution 3853:"Why We May Wait 20 Years for Ocean Airliners" 3729:Polar Extremes: The World of Lincoln Ellsworth 3302: 3300: 2787:Action Date: March 26, 1942 – October 1, 1945 1786:(in 1926, 1927, and 1930) given in his honor. 1782:Admiral Byrd is the only person to have three 1535: 971: 695:The Fokker F.VII of Byrd and Bennett in flight 642:(formerly known by the British designation of 593:, which was after World War II converted to a 9102:Members of the American Philosophical Society 9077:United States Navy rear admirals (upper half) 5796: 5247: 4876: 4267: 3702:"Concise chronology of approach to the poles" 1318:of second Antarctic expedition, November 1933 854: 512:on June 8, 1915. During Byrd's assignment to 398:, after her father. They had four children – 256:, the largest dormant volcano in Antarctica. 9072:United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients 9032:Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States) 4345:"50th anniversary of Byrd's historic flight" 3971: 3969: 3317:"The Atlantic Challenge: Flight of the NC-4" 2717:General Orders: Letter Dated August 6, 1926 2605:Officer, Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 706:attempted a flight over the North Pole in a 523:, who served as chief of staff to President 16:American naval officer, explorer (1888–1957) 9002:Non-combat recipients of the Medal of Honor 4676: 4489:Navy Book of Distinguished Service. p. 187. 3516: 3297: 3041: 2722:Second Distinguished Service Medal citation 1116:(a Norwegian sealing ship previously named 814:, a Byrd defender posits a westerly-moving 5803: 5789: 5254: 5240: 4883: 4869: 2950:(Temporary. Revoked on December 31, 1921.) 2763:Action Date: August 27 – December 5, 1943 2701:First Distinguished Service Medal citation 2651: 1437:United States Antarctic Service Expedition 37: 4824:Newspaper clippings about Richard E. Byrd 4788:Longines Chronoscope with Richard E. Byrd 4615:"Little America, Antarctica, Post Office" 4571:. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. 4458:. artandhistory.house.gov. Archived from 4100:"Valor awards for Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr" 3966: 3629:"The Polar Flap: Byrd's Flight Confirmed" 2812: 2077: 1816:for outstanding achievement in aviation. 1173:(Byrd's birth state). A base camp named " 1071:Learn how and when to remove this message 831:that flew from Spitsbergen (Svalbard) to 686: 295:Ancestral coat of arms of the Byrd family 9082:United States Navy World War II admirals 8997:National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees 8982:Marie Byrd Land explorers and scientists 8861:Pole of Inaccessibility research station 4124:"A bordo del Monte Olimpo en Alta Mar". 3952:"Byrd Antarctic Expedition III, 1939–41" 2938: 2931: 2924: 2881: 2874: 2867: 1961: 1855: 1757: 1704:neighborhood in Boston. He is buried in 1691: 1651: 1552: 1544: 1512:On February 10, 1945, Byrd received the 1460: 1431:Antarctic Service Expedition (1939–1940) 1321: 1309: 1240: 1207: 1098:of the Bryd Antarctic expedition of 1929 1090: 1082: 858: 769: 690: 564: 308:, the son of Esther Bolling (Flood) and 290: 240:(October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957), an 225: 8952:American Polar Society honorary members 8436:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 4500:"Richard Byrd 1927 File: fl0045957.php" 4332:Broadcasting with Broadcast Advertising 3079:Bown, Stephen R. (September 14, 2012). 3047: 2637:Byrd was posthumously eligible for the 1306:Second Antarctic expedition (1933-1934) 394:" after her, and a mountain range, the 8962:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 8904: 4426: 4263:from the original on October 13, 2018. 4144:Summerhayes & Beeching 2007, p. 17 3870: 3306:Who's Who in America. 1956–57. p. 386. 3170: 3028:List of members of the American Legion 2682: 1507:United States Strategic Bombing Survey 1283:(1930), which covered his trip there. 977:First Antarctic expedition (1928–1930) 7580: 5822: 5810: 5784: 5235: 4864: 4517: 4492: 4483: 4474: 4448: 4394: 4380: 4355: 4324: 4245: 4219: 4179: 4167: 4147: 4138: 4117: 4094: 4092: 4056: 4006: 3913: 3866: 3864: 3846: 3837: 3828: 3803: 3785:. New York: Berkley/Penguin. p. 3720: 3667: 3631:. Litton Systems, Inc. Archived from 3620: 3588: 3586: 3544: 3525: 3491: 3482: 3448: 3423: 3421: 3334: 3309: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3261: 3221:. The History Press. pp. 88–92. 3147:Explorer: The Life of Richard E. Byrd 2619:Officer, Order of Aeronautical Virtue 1696:Grave of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd 1605:aboard the expedition's command ship 1396:to honor the event in 1933 on a U.S. 1217:was launched. Byrd, along with pilot 1126:when the latter was sinking) and the 441:for two years and transferred to the 5760: 4772:Byrd's Decorations at Military Times 4704:"The Flight of the 'America' – 1927" 4620:. United States Postal Service. 2004 4601:. Smithsonian National Postal Museum 4019:Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 5. 3976:Smithsonian National Postal Museum, 3776: 3770: 3726: 3540:. pp. 84–85, compare to p. 154. 3510: 3427: 3235: 3216: 3195: 3164: 3143: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3103: 3078: 2808:Action Date: June 29 – July 1, 1927 1808:He was one of the recipients of the 1784:ticker-tape parades in New York City 1009:adding citations to reliable sources 980: 569:Richard Byrd in flight jacket, 1920s 8972:Congressional Gold Medal recipients 8222:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 6419:Norse colonization of North America 4892:Aviation Hall of Fame of New Jersey 4755:Richard Evelyn Byrd letter, MSS 420 4017:The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio, 3897: 2792:Distinguished Flying Cross citation 1648:Operation Deep Freeze I (1955–1956) 929:and crash-landed near the beach at 252:. He is also known for discovering 13: 9097:Virginia Military Institute alumni 9062:United States Naval Academy alumni 8942:American people of English descent 7751:United States Exploring Expedition 4722:. October 25, 2007. Archived from 4633: 4401:San Diego Air & Space Museum. 4089: 3861: 3694: 3688:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1992.tb01878.x 3661:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1973.tb01173.x 3583: 3454:New York Times. December 22, 1926. 3418: 3109:Richard Sale and Madeleine Lewis, 2795: 2771: 2750: 2725: 2704: 2686: 2655: 2068: 2036: 1245:Remains of Fokker aircraft in the 560: 508:. He was promoted to the rank of 312:He was a descendant of one of the 14: 9113: 9027:Recipients of the Legion of Merit 8825:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station 8193:Australasian Antarctic Expedition 4748: 4349:Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station 4283:. August 29, 1927. Archived from 3900:"Naval Aviation in the Antarctic" 3173:"On the Market: 9 Brimmer Street" 3128: 1944:In 1930, Byrd was elected to the 1277:. This was also seen in the film 810:greater than the flight's 85-mph 9017:People from Winchester, Virginia 8992:Military personnel from Virginia 8719:Amundsen's South Pole expedition 8112:Amundsen's South Pole expedition 5759: 5750: 5749: 5509: 4759:L. Tom Perry Special Collections 4597: 4564: 4560:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 3975: 3593:Rawlins, Dennis (January 2000). 2981: 2939: 2932: 2925: 2882: 2875: 2868: 2834: 2829: 2573:Commander of the Legion of Honor 2534:European-African-Middle Eastern 2408:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 2360: 2353: 2346: 2337: 2330: 2323: 2314: 2305: 2299: 2292: 2280: 2274: 2260: 2254: 2242: 2236: 2229: 2222: 2212: 2203: 2196: 2189: 2180: 2171: 2165: 2158: 2148: 2137: 2131: 2119: 2113: 2103: 2094: 2085: 1803:Byrd Antarctic Expedition Medals 1777:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 1181:, and scientific expeditions by 985: 600: 433:Education and early naval career 409: 374:from the 1920s until the 1960s; 316:. His ancestors include planter 183:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 9057:United States and the Antarctic 9012:People from Beacon Hill, Boston 4688:. Ohio State University Press. 4530: 4480:Public Law 79-185, 59 Stat. 536 4420: 4337: 4299: 4207: 4174:Byrd Heads Home From Antarctica 4045: 4033: 4022: 3994: 3983: 3891: 3745: 3457: 3393: 3367: 3353: 2845:– May 28, 1908 (Class of 1912) 2768:Second Legion of Merit citation 2462:Byrd Antarctic Expedition Medal 1912:is named after him, as was the 1733:Sons of the American Revolution 1565:In 1946, Secretary of the Navy 1456: 1262:, Arctic explorer Rear Admiral 1132:(named after Byrd's mother); a 996:needs additional citations for 503:Assistant Secretary of the Navy 491:His next assignment was to the 221: 5261: 4980:Edwin Eugene "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. 4739:"At the bottom of the World", 4546:. New York: G. P. putnam Sons. 4001:Byrd, 1938, Byrd Autobiography 3990:Byrd, 1938, Byrd Autobiography 3843:New York Times. July 20, 1927. 3706:Scott Polar Research Institute 3488:New York Times. March 6, 1927. 3209: 3116: 3072: 2961:(Date of rank - May 9, 1926.) 2747:First Legion of Merit citation 2598:Commander of the Order of Aviz 2545:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal 2517:American Defense Service Medal 2027:San Diego Air and Space Museum 1999:Australian Antarctic Territory 1946:American Philosophical Society 1874:Richmond International Airport 1711: 1666:International Geophysical Year 1541:Operation Highjump (1946–1947) 1379:The Adventures of Admiral Byrd 910:Army Air Service Reserve Corps 869:American Trans-Oceanic Company 835:nonstop with a crew including 765: 699:On May 9, 1926, Byrd and Navy 449:, where he was appointed as a 1: 9092:University of Virginia people 9087:University of Virginia alumni 8098:Japanese Antarctic Expedition 8033:Scottish Antarctic Expedition 7581: 4837:The Papers of Richard E. Byrd 4550: 4536: 4388:"The Stanford Daily Archives" 4000: 3989: 3834:New York Times. July 7, 1927. 3563:(196): 25–50, see pp. 33–34. 3034: 3018:List of Antarctic expeditions 2998:Adventurers' Club of New York 2896:(Retired on March 15, 1916.) 2623: 2609: 2582:Order of Christopher Columbus 1973:Fairfax County Public Library 1836:American Geographical Society 1549:Cover of Byrd's autobiography 1514:Order of Christopher Columbus 1275:American Geographical Society 1159:National Air and Space Museum 516:, he was commanded by future 9067:United States Naval Aviators 8455:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions 8271:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition 8077:French Antarctic Expeditions 8007:Swedish Antarctic Expedition 7893:Belgian Antarctic Expedition 6011:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition 4851:at Dartmouth College Library 4845:at Dartmouth College Library 4839:at Dartmouth College Library 4040:United States Postal Service 3978:Byrd Antarctic Expedition II 3532:Goerler, Raimund E. (1998). 3431:Race to the Top of the World 3276:Navy Register, 1917. p. 196. 3171:Levitt, Rachel (July 2010). 1559:Operation Deep Freeze I 1153:, NX8006, built 1928, named 7: 7540:Nuclear-powered icebreakers 7219:Austro-Hungarian Expedition 6084:Andrée's balloon expedition 4828:20th Century Press Archives 4712:"Richard E. Byrd 1888–1957" 4367:IEEE Global History Network 3930:"Richard E. Byrd 1888–1957" 3538:Ohio State University Press 2974: 2840:United States Naval Academy 1924:and the now decommissioned 1891:In 1929, Byrd received the 1762:Bust of Richard E. Byrd by 1748:National Geographic Society 1706:Arlington National Cemetery 1536:Later Antarctic expeditions 1516:from the government of the 1425:nvaded Poland the next year 1280:With Byrd at the South Pole 1163:Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center 972:Early Antarctic expeditions 447:United States Naval Academy 439:Virginia Military Institute 385: 380:Virginia House of Delegates 367:, a dominant figure in the 299: 99:Arlington National Cemetery 10: 9118: 6741:Franklin's lost expedition 6441:Christian IV's expeditions 5823: 5204:George Augustus Vaughn Jr. 4923:Clarence Duncan Chamberlin 4640:Bibliography of Antarctica 4637: 3498:Montague, Richard (1971). 3113:, Smithsonian, 2005, p. 34 2554:World War II Victory Medal 2434:Distinguished Flying Cross 2013:Frederick County, Virginia 1812:, which is awarded by the 1603:International News Service 1520:. Byrd was present at the 1434: 1421:Führer of the German Reich 1406:Antarctic exploration base 954:Distinguished Flying Cross 918:East Garden City, New York 863:Lt. Com. Byrd and aircraft 855:1927 Trans-Atlantic flight 710:tri-motor monoplane named 547:Rhode Island Naval Militia 314:First Families of Virginia 195:Distinguished Flying Cross 18: 8558: 8289: 7876: 7616: 7593: 7589: 7576: 7095:Great Northern Expedition 6989: 6771:Rae–Richardson expedition 6520: 6365: 5971:British Arctic Expedition 5863: 5835: 5831: 5818: 5745: 5698: 5597: 5561: 5518: 5507: 5462: 5411: 5334: 5269: 5212: 5186:Oliver Colin LeBoutillier 5161: 5096: 5024:Walter M. "Wally" Schirra 4971: 4898: 4743:, August 1930, pp. 225–41 4613: 4434:. Souvenir. p. 187. 4214:Notable Graves: Explorers 4039: 3919:U.S. Navy Register, 1930. 3727:Pool, Beekman H. (2002). 3708:. University of Cambridge 3569:10.1017/s0032247400015953 3500:Oceans, Poles, and Airmen 2617: 2603: 2596: 2580: 2571: 2564: 2552: 2543: 2532: 2515: 2503:World War I Victory Medal 2501: 2494: 2478: 2469: 2460: 2448: 2439: 2432: 2418: 2406: 2399: 2387: 2375: 2093: 2084: 1831:, and Charles Lindbergh. 1753: 1587:and the aircraft carrier 1509:(USSBS) in 1944 to 1945. 1177:" was constructed on the 956:by Secretary of the Navy 652:Naval Reserve Air Station 580:Naval Air Station Halifax 510:lieutenant (junior grade) 378:served as Speaker of the 286: 208: 165: 151: 141: 131: 119: 111: 93: 76: 56: 48: 36: 29: 9047:Scientists from Virginia 9042:Rolfe family of Virginia 8947:American polar explorers 8379:British Antarctic Survey 8373:Captain Arturo Prat Base 7618:Antarctic/Southern Ocean 5419:Antarctic/Southern Ocean 4767:Brigham Young University 4565:Rodgers, Eugene (1990). 3627:Portney, Joseph (2000). 3465:"North Pole Flight 1926" 3401:"North Pole Flight 1926" 2857:Lieutenant, Junior Grade 2480:United States Antarctic 1932:guided missile destroyer 1878:Henrico County, Virginia 1687: 1102:In 1928, Byrd began his 551:Providence, Rhode Island 356:. He was the brother of 200:Congressional Gold Medal 8977:Explorers of Antarctica 8967:Byrd family of Virginia 8937:American oceanographers 8855:Pole of inaccessibility 8518:Antarctic Treaty System 6859:2nd Grinnell expedition 5123:Vincent Justus Burnelli 5105:Edwin Eugene Aldrin Sr. 5080:Charles Joseph Fletcher 5066:Frederick Walker Castle 4795:. and from Archived at 4407:sandiegoairandspace.org 4216:– ArlingtonCemetery.mil 4104:valor.militarytimes.com 4014:Admiral Byrd Broadcasts 3871:Rodger, Eugene (1990). 3811:"Ditching of 'America'" 3777:Berg, A. Scott (1999). 3504:Random House Publishing 3469:ADMIRAL RICHARD E. BYRD 3405:ADMIRAL RICHARD E. BYRD 3217:Parr, James L. (2009). 3144:Rose, Lisle A. (2008). 3013:Laurence McKinley Gould 2652:Medal of Honor citation 2639:Antarctic Service Medal 2566:Antarctic Service Medal 2506:with commendation star 2450:Silver Lifesaving Medal 2441:Navy Commendation Medal 1901:Smithsonian Institution 1814:Smithsonian Institution 1670:Operation Deep Freeze I 1394:U.S. Postmaster General 1296:John D. Rockefeller Jr. 1264:Donald Baxter MacMillan 1212:Byrd's expedition ship. 965:Popular Science Monthly 660:Victory Destroyer Plant 595:Navy Commendation Medal 472:Silver Lifesaving Medal 427:Pine Ridge Pet Cemetery 400:Richard Evelyn Byrd III 310:Richard Evelyn Byrd Sr. 238:Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. 52:Richard Evelyn Byrd 4th 21:Richard Evelyn Byrd Sr. 8957:Aviators from Virginia 8927:American Episcopalians 8922:20th-century explorers 5060:Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan 3521:. Hodder. p. 149. 3428:Bart, Sheldon (2013). 2827: 2813:Letter of Commendation 2810: 2800: 2789: 2776: 2765: 2755: 2744: 2730: 2719: 2709: 2698: 2691: 2677: 2660: 2548:with two battle stars 2471:Second Byrd Antarctic 2078:Decorations and medals 1967: 1865: 1771: 1697: 1661: 1637:for Best Documentary. 1625: 1562: 1550: 1470: 1447:Antarctic Snow Cruiser 1335: 1319: 1316:Curtiss T-32 Condor II 1250: 1213: 1167:Fokker Super Universal 1157:(now displayed at the 1099: 1096:Fokker Super Universal 1088: 864: 782: 774:The Fokker FVIIa/3M – 714:after the daughter of 696: 687:1926 North Pole flight 634:Theodore Roosevelt Jr. 570: 443:University of Virginia 414:Byrd was friends with 296: 242:American naval officer 8525:Transglobe Expedition 8424:Operation Deep Freeze 7833:Challenger expedition 6699:Coppermine expedition 6220:Drifting ice stations 5133:Anne Morrow Lindbergh 5111:Jean-Pierre Blanchard 5056:Oliver George Simmons 5010:Kenneth Russell Unger 4992:Arthur Raymond Brooks 4949:Bert Blanchard Acosta 4806:"Public.Resource.Org" 4774:via Internet Archive. 4763:Harold B. Lee Library 4726:on September 16, 2009 4462:on September 16, 2012 4257:Bavaria Lodge No. 935 4070:. February 11, 1945. 3635:on September 16, 2009 3553:, May 9, 1996, p. 1; 3125:Encyclopedia Virginia 2816: 2802: 2799: 2778: 2775: 2757: 2754: 2732: 2729: 2711: 2708: 2693: 2690: 2672: 2659: 2643:Operation Deep Freeze 2496:Mexican Service Medal 2018:He was inducted into 1977:Springfield, Virginia 1965: 1953:Glen Rock, New Jersey 1859: 1847:Boy Scouts of America 1761: 1695: 1655: 1620: 1556: 1548: 1464: 1325: 1313: 1249:, Antarctica, in 1993 1247:Rockefeller Mountains 1244: 1211: 1169:monoplane called the 1094: 1086: 862: 789:aviator and explorer 780:The Henry Ford Museum 773: 694: 631:Secretary of the Navy 568: 525:Franklin D. Roosevelt 486:American intervention 294: 132:Years of service 87:Boston, Massachusetts 5074:Ruth Rowland Nichols 4996:Charles E. Rosendahl 4911:Charles A. Lindbergh 4857:at Dartmouth College 4538:Byrd, Richard Evelyn 4311:search.amphilsoc.org 4307:"APS Member History" 4287:on February 20, 2008 3898:Utz, Curtis (2006). 3517:Nash, Simon (2005). 3249:on November 12, 2013 3243:"VMI to UVA to USNA" 2966:By act of Congress. 2909:Lieutenant Commander 1959:receive this award. 1893:Silver Buffalo Award 1642:Longines Chronoscope 1618:, and read in part: 1557:Admiral Byrd during 1497:(the largest of the 1221:, co-pilot/radioman 1136:airplane called the 1005:improve this article 701:Chief Aviation Pilot 677:and Norwegian pilot 342:Robert "King" Carter 306:Winchester, Virginia 70:Winchester, Virginia 8932:American navigators 8695:South magnetic pole 7361:Brusilov expedition 6470:Danish colonization 5908:North magnetic pole 5732:Robert Falcon Scott 5389:South magnetic pole 5347:Antarctic Peninsula 5342:Biogeographic realm 5153:Terry Jonathan Hart 5006:Robert Nietzel Buck 4714:. October 25, 2007. 4706:. October 25, 2007. 4672:. October 25, 2007. 4653:on October 13, 2007 4351:. January 30, 2021. 3907:Naval Aviation News 3858:, August 1927, p. 9 3346:Naval Aviation News 3123:Richard Evelyn Byrd 2959:By act of Congress. 2683:Navy Cross citation 2569:(1960, posthumous) 2377:Naval Aviator Badge 1726:National Sojourners 1716:Byrd was an active 1656:Rear Admiral Byrd ( 1398:commemorative stamp 1225:, and photographer 667:Donald B. MacMillan 330:Westover Plantation 104:Arlington, Virginia 8386:Operation Windmill 8367:Operation Highjump 7342:Rusanov expedition 7247:A. E. Nordenskiöld 6991:North East Passage 6795:McClure expedition 5670:Telecommunications 5584:Territorial claims 5196:Donald A. Luscombe 5170:Bernice Falk Haydu 5070:William Halsey Jr. 4927:Wittemann brothers 4275:"Around the World" 4192:The New York Times 4068:The New York Times 3058:The New York Times 3023:List of Freemasons 2948:September 21, 1918 2899:September 2, 1918 2801: 2777: 2756: 2731: 2710: 2692: 2661: 2578:(Officer in 1927) 1968: 1914:United States Navy 1897:Langley Gold Medal 1866: 1810:Langley Gold Medal 1799:William T. Sampson 1772: 1698: 1662: 1571:Operation Highjump 1563: 1551: 1522:Japanese surrender 1518:Dominican Republic 1471: 1336: 1320: 1268:Frederic R. Harris 1260:David Dixon Porter 1251: 1214: 1100: 1089: 945:by Prime Minister 865: 787:Norwegian-American 783: 716:Ford Motor Company 697: 576:Pensacola, Florida 571: 506:Franklin Roosevelt 437:Byrd attended the 332:, who established 297: 126:United States Navy 8987:Flight navigators 8899: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8891: 8890: 8353:Operation Tabarin 8215:Far Eastern Party 8061:Nimrod Expedition 7572: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7131:M. Pronchishcheva 7053:Siberian Cossacks 6522:Northwest Passage 5855:Research stations 5812:Polar exploration 5778: 5777: 5737:Ernest Shackleton 5665:Research stations 5610:Antarctic English 5579:National programs 5574:Military activity 5548:COVID-19 pandemic 5505: 5504: 5374:Floristic Kingdom 5279:Antarctic sea ice 5229: 5228: 5180:Isaac Schlossbach 5042:Malcolm S. Forbes 5036:Robert J. Collier 5030:Herbert O. Fisher 4943:Juan Terry Trippe 4741:Popular Mechanics 4195:. October 9, 1988 3815:www.check-six.com 3796:978-0-425-17041-0 3519:The Last Explorer 3321:Century of Flight 3228:978-1-59629-750-0 3092:978-1-55365-938-9 2970: 2969: 2964:December 21, 1929 2957:December 21, 1926 2952:February 10, 1925 2903: 2902: 2633: 2632: 2601:(1921, Portugal) 2508:and two campaign 2368: 2367: 1975:system opened in 1886:Stars And Stripes 1868:Also in 1927 the 1860:Byrd Memorial on 1578:Richard H. Cruzen 1499:Marquesas Islands 1423:since 1934, and i 1402:Philatelic covers 1266:and Rear Admiral 1203:Paul Allman Siple 1155:Stars And Stripes 1081: 1080: 1073: 1055: 1020:"Richard E. Byrd" 939:Normandy Invasion 906:Charles Lindbergh 886:, and Lieutenant 849:Lincoln Ellsworth 627:Charles Lindbergh 453:on May 28, 1908. 358:Virginia Governor 304:Byrd was born in 250:Antarctic Plateau 235: 234: 9109: 8400:Ronne Expedition 7885: 7879: 7743:Dumont d'Urville 7591: 7590: 7578: 7577: 7126:V. Pronchishchev 5833: 5832: 5820: 5819: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5782: 5781: 5763: 5762: 5753: 5752: 5727:James Clark Ross 5699:Famous explorers 5513: 5332: 5331: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5137:Kenneth A. Walsh 5084:Donald J. Strait 5016:Leo Loudenslager 5000:Gill Robb Wilson 4885: 4878: 4871: 4862: 4861: 4815: 4793:Internet Archive 4782: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4715: 4707: 4699: 4687: 4673: 4671: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4619: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4582: 4578:978-1-61251-1887 4561: 4547: 4524: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4341: 4335: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4134:. March 5, 1947. 4121: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4096: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4060: 4054: 4049: 4043: 4042:, bulletin, 2004 4037: 4031: 4026: 4020: 4010: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3987: 3981: 3973: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3954:. South-Pole.com 3948: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3932:. South-Pole.com 3926: 3920: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3904: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3868: 3859: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3784: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3495: 3489: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3425: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3357: 3351: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3295: 3292: 3286: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3245:. Archived from 3239: 3233: 3232: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3179:. Archived from 3168: 3162: 3161: 3141: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3045: 2991: 2989:Biography portal 2986: 2985: 2984: 2943: 2936: 2929: 2905: 2904: 2886: 2879: 2872: 2848: 2847: 2838: 2825: 2645:(1955 to 1956). 2628: 2625: 2614: 2611: 2539:with battle star 2482:Expedition Medal 2473:Expedition Medal 2373: 2372: 2364: 2357: 2350: 2341: 2334: 2327: 2318: 2309: 2303: 2296: 2284: 2278: 2264: 2258: 2246: 2240: 2233: 2226: 2216: 2207: 2200: 2193: 2184: 2175: 2169: 2162: 2152: 2141: 2135: 2123: 2117: 2107: 2098: 2089: 2082: 2081: 2063:Maggie Shipstead 1927:Charles F. Adams 1884:FC-2W2, NX8006, 1870:City of Richmond 1840:Elisha Kent Kane 1795:John J. Pershing 1561:(Dec. 1955) 1503:French Polynesia 1443:third expedition 1328:F. D. Roosevelt. 1113:City of New York 1104:first expedition 1076: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1056: 1054: 1013: 989: 981: 958:Curtis D. Wilbur 947:Raymond Poincare 873:Rodman Wanamaker 778:, on display at 708:Fokker F.VIIa/3m 591:Josephus Daniels 555:Charles W. Abbot 521:William D. Leahy 372:Democratic Party 229: 227: 223: 121: 83: 67:October 25, 1888 66: 64: 41: 27: 26: 9117: 9116: 9112: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9107: 9106: 8902: 8901: 8900: 8887: 8562: 8554: 8430:McMurdo Station 8299:Modern research 8297: 8285: 8020:O. Nordenskjöld 7883: 7877: 7872: 7788:Ross expedition 7612: 7585: 7564: 6993: 6985: 6526:Northern Canada 6524: 6516: 6369: 6361: 5867: 5859: 5827: 5814: 5809: 5779: 5774: 5741: 5711:Richard E. Byrd 5694: 5655:Protected areas 5593: 5557: 5514: 5501: 5458: 5412:Bodies of Water 5407: 5396:West Antarctica 5352:East Antarctica 5330: 5265: 5260: 5230: 5225: 5208: 5200:Calvin J. Spann 5157: 5147:Richard E. Byrd 5141:James Hart Wyld 5092: 5088:Stanley Switlik 4988:Boland brothers 4984:Solomon Andrews 4967: 4894: 4889: 4804: 4801:Wayback Machine 4785:The short film 4777: 4751: 4729: 4727: 4718: 4710: 4702: 4696: 4669: 4665: 4656: 4654: 4645: 4642: 4636: 4634:Further reading 4623: 4621: 4617: 4604: 4602: 4579: 4533: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4518: 4508: 4506: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4442: 4428:Vallee, Jacques 4425: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4399: 4395: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4253:"Famous Masons" 4251: 4250: 4246: 4239: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4172: 4168: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4108: 4106: 4098: 4097: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4046: 4038: 4034: 4027: 4023: 4011: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3984: 3974: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3902: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3869: 3862: 3856:Popular Science 3851: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3725: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3672: 3668: 3638: 3636: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3597: 3591: 3584: 3549: 3545: 3530: 3526: 3515: 3511: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3426: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3229: 3214: 3210: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3183:on May 29, 2017 3177:Boston Magazine 3169: 3165: 3158: 3142: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3108: 3104: 3093: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3051:(May 5, 2020). 3049:Overbye, Dennis 3046: 3042: 3037: 3032: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2895: 2832: 2826: 2823: 2815: 2794: 2770: 2749: 2724: 2703: 2685: 2654: 2626: 2621: 2612: 2607: 2600: 2584: 2577: 2575: 2568: 2556: 2549: 2547: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2524: 2519: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2498: 2486: 2485:issued in Gold 2484: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2466: 2465:issued in Gold 2464: 2452: 2445: 2443: 2436: 2424: 2423:with award star 2422: 2420:Legion of Merit 2415: 2410: 2403: 2391: 2379: 2311: 2310: 2304: 2297: 2286: 2285: 2279: 2266: 2265: 2259: 2248: 2247: 2241: 2234: 2227: 2177: 2176: 2170: 2163: 2143: 2142: 2136: 2125: 2124: 2118: 2080: 2071: 2069:Military awards 2039: 2037:Popular culture 1937:Richard E. Byrd 1922: (T-AKE-4) 1920:Richard E. Byrd 1916:dry cargo ship 1768:McMurdo Station 1764:Felix de Weldon 1756: 1744:American Legion 1714: 1690: 1650: 1630:The Secret Land 1567:James Forrestal 1543: 1538: 1530:Legion of Merit 1459: 1439: 1433: 1417:Neuschwabenland 1374:Bear of Oakland 1344:carbon monoxide 1330: 1308: 1227:Ashley McKinley 1129:Eleanor Bolling 1077: 1066: 1060: 1057: 1014: 1012: 1002: 990: 979: 974: 943:Legion of Honor 896:Fokker Trimotor 857: 768: 760:Calvin Coolidge 748:warrant officer 689: 603: 563: 561:First World War 476:armored cruiser 435: 418:and his father 412: 392:Marie Byrd Land 388: 346:George Yeardley 326:William Byrd II 302: 289: 231: 219: 215: 214:Marie Ames Byrd 204: 189:Legion of Merit 158: 136: 107: 102: 94:Place of burial 85: 81: 68: 62: 60: 44: 32: 31:Richard E. Byrd 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9115: 9105: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8897: 8896: 8893: 8892: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8851: 8850: 8849: 8847:Vostok Station 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8801: 8800: 8798:Cherry-Garrard 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8763: 8762: 8761: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8715: 8714: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8691: 8690: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8662: 8661: 8660: 8648: 8647: 8646: 8638:Southern Cross 8634: 8633: 8632: 8619: 8618: 8617: 8604: 8599: 8598: 8597: 8584: 8583: 8582: 8568: 8566: 8560:Farthest South 8556: 8555: 8553: 8552: 8547: 8540: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8521: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8511: 8510: 8498: 8497: 8496: 8484: 8483: 8482: 8475: 8470: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8432: 8427: 8420: 8419: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8382: 8375: 8370: 8363: 8362: 8361: 8349: 8348: 8347: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8321: 8314: 8309: 8303: 8301: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8282: 8281: 8267: 8266: 8265: 8257:Ross Sea party 8253: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8218: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8204: 8189: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8143: 8142: 8141: 8134: 8127: 8122: 8108: 8107: 8106: 8094: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8057: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8041: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8003: 8002: 8001: 7996: 7982: 7981: 7980: 7975: 7961: 7960: 7959: 7954: 7951:Southern Cross 7944:Southern Cross 7940: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7888: 7886: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7856: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7829: 7824: 7823: 7822: 7809: 7803: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7747: 7746: 7745: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7694: 7693: 7692: 7690:Bellingshausen 7680: 7673: 7668: 7667: 7666: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7622: 7620: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7587: 7586: 7574: 7573: 7570: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7560: 7549: 7537: 7532: 7525: 7518: 7517: 7516: 7504: 7503: 7502: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7476: 7475: 7474: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7438: 7437: 7436: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7357: 7356: 7355: 7350: 7338: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7286: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7249: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7149: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 6999: 6997: 6995:Russian Arctic 6987: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6962: 6961: 6960: 6955: 6941: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6877: 6876: 6875: 6870: 6855: 6854: 6853: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6811: 6806: 6791: 6786: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6767: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6752: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6584: 6583: 6578: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6530: 6528: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6485: 6480: 6479: 6478: 6466: 6465: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6437: 6432: 6430:Snæbjörn galti 6427: 6422: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6381: 6375: 6373: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6332: 6325: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6297: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6280: 6266: 6259: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6223: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6176: 6167: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6099: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6066: 6065: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6031: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6007: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5987: 5982: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5873: 5871: 5865:Farthest North 5861: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5829: 5828: 5816: 5815: 5808: 5807: 5800: 5793: 5785: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5757: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5721:Ui-te-Rangiora 5718: 5716:Douglas Mawson 5713: 5708: 5706:Roald Amundsen 5702: 5700: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5645:Gateway cities 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5605:Antarctica Day 5601: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5524: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5477: 5475:Microorganisms 5472: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5439:List of rivers 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5369:Extreme points 5366: 5365: 5364: 5359: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5289:Climate change 5281: 5275: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5259: 5258: 5251: 5244: 5236: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5223: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5192: 5182: 5176: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5149: 5143: 5129: 5127:T. J. O'Malley 5119: 5113: 5107: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5076: 5062: 5052:Paul E. Garber 5048: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020:Thomas McGuire 5012: 5002: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4959: 4957:Arthur Godfrey 4945: 4935: 4933:Anthony Fokker 4929: 4915:Clyde Pangborn 4907:Amelia Earhart 4902: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4888: 4887: 4880: 4873: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4821: 4783: 4775: 4769: 4750: 4749:External links 4747: 4746: 4745: 4736: 4716: 4708: 4700: 4694: 4674: 4663: 4638:Main article: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4611: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4562: 4548: 4543:Little america 4532: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4516: 4491: 4482: 4473: 4447: 4440: 4419: 4393: 4379: 4354: 4336: 4323: 4298: 4266: 4244: 4238:978-0160588396 4237: 4218: 4206: 4178: 4166: 4146: 4137: 4130:(in Spanish). 4116: 4088: 4055: 4044: 4032: 4021: 4005: 3993: 3982: 3965: 3943: 3921: 3912: 3890: 3884:978-1612511887 3883: 3860: 3845: 3836: 3827: 3802: 3795: 3769: 3744: 3737: 3719: 3693: 3666: 3619: 3582: 3551:New York Times 3543: 3524: 3509: 3490: 3481: 3456: 3447: 3441:978-1621571803 3440: 3417: 3392: 3366: 3363:. May 8, 2019. 3352: 3348:, October 1943 3333: 3308: 3296: 3287: 3278: 3269: 3260: 3234: 3227: 3208: 3194: 3163: 3157:978-0826266439 3156: 3127: 3115: 3102: 3091: 3071: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2976: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2955: 2945: 2944: 2937: 2930: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2873: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2831: 2828: 2821: 2814: 2811: 2793: 2790: 2769: 2766: 2748: 2745: 2723: 2720: 2702: 2699: 2684: 2681: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2653: 2650: 2631: 2630: 2616: 2602: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2579: 2576:(1931, France) 2570: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2551: 2542: 2536:Campaign Medal 2531: 2527: 2526: 2514: 2500: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2477: 2468: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2447: 2444:with two stars 2438: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2417: 2405: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2389:Medal of Honor 2386: 2382: 2381: 2366: 2365: 2358: 2351: 2343: 2342: 2335: 2328: 2320: 2319: 2312: 2298: 2291: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2235: 2228: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2209: 2208: 2201: 2194: 2186: 2185: 2178: 2164: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2145: 2144: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2112: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2100: 2099: 2091: 2090: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2046:Confrontations 2042:Jacques Vallée 2038: 2035: 2020:Phi Beta Kappa 2006:IEEE Milestone 1939: (DDG-23) 1862:Mount Victoria 1851:Honorary Scout 1829:Roald Amundsen 1797:, and Admiral 1755: 1752: 1740:Explorers Club 1713: 1710: 1689: 1686: 1649: 1646: 1591:Philippine Sea 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1475:Ernest J. King 1458: 1455: 1435:Main article: 1432: 1429: 1410:Little America 1360:autobiography 1349:Thomas Poulter 1340:meteorological 1307: 1304: 1179:Ross Ice Shelf 1175:Little America 1079: 1078: 993: 991: 984: 978: 975: 973: 970: 892:Anthony Fokker 888:George Noville 856: 853: 841:Umberto Nobile 837:Roald Amundsen 800:Dennis Rawlins 776:Josephine Ford 767: 764: 744:Josephine Ford 740:Medal of Honor 732:nautical miles 728:Farthest North 712:Josephine Ford 688: 685: 656:Squantum Point 602: 599: 562: 559: 434: 431: 411: 408: 387: 384: 338:William Byrd I 301: 298: 288: 285: 277:Medal of Honor 233: 232: 217: 213: 212: 210: 206: 205: 203: 202: 197: 192: 186: 180: 175: 173:Medal of Honor 169: 167: 163: 162: 153: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 123: 117: 116: 113: 109: 108: 97: 95: 91: 90: 84:(aged 68) 80:March 11, 1957 78: 74: 73: 58: 54: 53: 50: 46: 45: 42: 34: 33: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9114: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8857: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8770: 8769: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8759: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8727: 8723: 8722: 8721: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8669: 8668: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8656: 8655: 8654: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8626: 8625: 8620: 8616: 8613: 8612: 8611: 8610: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8596: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8590: 8585: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8528: 8527: 8526: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8490: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8452: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8438: 8437: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8402: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8390: 8389: 8388: 8387: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8357: 8356: 8355: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8326: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8274: 8273: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8261: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8252: 8251: 8250: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8230: 8226: 8225: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8197: 8196: 8195: 8194: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8155: 8151: 8150: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8139: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8116: 8115: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8081: 8080: 8079: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8064: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8056: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8035: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8015: 8011: 8010: 8009: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7994: 7990: 7989: 7988: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7978:Discovery Hut 7976: 7974: 7973: 7969: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7952: 7948: 7947: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7896: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7882: 7875: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7842: 7837: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7820: 7816: 7815: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7797: 7792: 7791: 7790: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7776: 7775: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7760: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7741: 7740: 7739: 7738: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7685: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7579: 7575: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7509: 7508:A. Sibiryakov 7505: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7480:Glavsevmorput 7477: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7432: 7431: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7415: 7414: 7413: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7404: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7365: 7364: 7363: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7310: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7299: 7296: 7295: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7272: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7257: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7220: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6982: 6979: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6963: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6921: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6912: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6888: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6796: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6783: 6782:J. Richardson 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6656: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6544:M. Corte-Real 6542: 6540: 6539:G. Corte-Real 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6462:C. Richardson 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6294: 6288: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6271:Georgiy Sedov 6267: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6158:Riiser-Larsen 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6106: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5806: 5801: 5799: 5794: 5792: 5787: 5786: 5783: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5758: 5756: 5748: 5747: 5744: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5650:Midwinter Day 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5589:Treaty System 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5560: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5517: 5512: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5444:McMurdo Sound 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5245: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5234: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5175: 5174:Herb Kelleher 5171: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5031: 5027: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4953:Ivan R. Gates 4950: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4939:Bernt Balchen 4936: 4934: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4919:Floyd Bennett 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4886: 4881: 4879: 4874: 4872: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4744: 4742: 4737: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4695:9780814208007 4691: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4668: 4664: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4616: 4612: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4552:Byrd, Richard 4549: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4520: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4466:September 11, 4461: 4457: 4451: 4443: 4441:0-285-62976-X 4437: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4408: 4404: 4397: 4389: 4383: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4340: 4333: 4327: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4270: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4248: 4240: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4194: 4193: 4188: 4182: 4175: 4170: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4141: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4120: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4093: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4048: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4015: 4009: 4002: 3997: 3991: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3972: 3970: 3953: 3947: 3931: 3925: 3916: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3886: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3867: 3865: 3857: 3854: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3798: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3782: 3773: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3740: 3734: 3730: 3723: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3682:(2): 255–64. 3681: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3655:(3): 208–18. 3654: 3650: 3634: 3630: 3623: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3587: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3520: 3513: 3506:. p. 48. 3505: 3501: 3494: 3485: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3451: 3443: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3424: 3422: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3381:. May 8, 2019 3380: 3376: 3370: 3362: 3356: 3349: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3303: 3301: 3291: 3282: 3273: 3264: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3230: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3204: 3198: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3124: 3119: 3112: 3106: 3099: 3094: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3075: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3044: 3040: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2979: 2972: 2963: 2956: 2954:(Permanent.) 2947: 2946: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2898: 2893: 2891:June 8, 1912 2890: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2830:Dates of rank 2820: 2809: 2806: 2798: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2774: 2764: 2761: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2740: 2728: 2718: 2715: 2707: 2697: 2689: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2658: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2620: 2606: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2587:Santo Domingo 2583: 2574: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2511: 2504: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2483: 2474: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2442: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2425:(1943, 1946) 2421: 2416:(1926, 1941) 2414: 2409: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2371: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2302: 2295: 2288: 2283: 2277: 2270: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2232: 2225: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2168: 2161: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2127: 2122: 2116: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2075: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2059: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2034: 2030: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1864:, New Zealand 1863: 1858: 1854: 1852: 1849:made Byrd an 1848: 1845:In 1927, the 1843: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1821:Hubbard Medal 1817: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1770:, Antarctica. 1769: 1765: 1760: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1694: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1678:Bay of Whales 1675: 1674:McMurdo Sound 1671: 1667: 1659: 1654: 1645: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1635:Academy Award 1632: 1631: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1610: 1609:Mount Olympus 1604: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1584:Mount Olympus 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1560: 1555: 1547: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1478: 1476: 1468: 1463: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1387:Hooper rating 1384: 1383:General Foods 1380: 1376: 1375: 1369: 1365: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1341: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1317: 1312: 1303: 1301: 1300:Vincent Astor 1297: 1291: 1289: 1284: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1231:Floyd Bennett 1228: 1224: 1220: 1219:Bernt Balchen 1210: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1139:Floyd Bennett 1135: 1134:Ford Trimotor 1131: 1130: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1097: 1093: 1085: 1075: 1072: 1064: 1061:November 2020 1053: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1022: – 1021: 1017: 1016:Find sources: 1010: 1006: 1000: 999: 994:This section 992: 988: 983: 982: 969: 966: 961: 959: 955: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 923: 919: 913: 911: 907: 903: 902: 897: 893: 889: 885: 880: 878: 874: 870: 861: 852: 850: 846: 845:Oscar Wisting 842: 838: 834: 830: 829: 825: 820: 817: 813: 809: 808:ground speeds 804: 801: 795: 792: 791:Bernt Balchen 788: 781: 777: 772: 763: 761: 758:by President 757: 753: 752:Tiffany Cross 749: 745: 741: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 704:Floyd Bennett 702: 693: 684: 682: 680: 679:Bernt Balchen 676: 675:Floyd Bennett 671: 668: 663: 661: 657: 653: 647: 645: 641: 640: 635: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 608: 607:transatlantic 601:After the war 598: 596: 592: 587: 585: 581: 577: 567: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 536: 530: 526: 522: 519: 518:Fleet Admiral 515: 511: 507: 504: 500: 499: 494: 489: 487: 483: 482: 477: 473: 469: 468: 463: 459: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 430: 428: 423: 421: 417: 410:Personal life 407: 405: 401: 397: 393: 383: 381: 377: 373: 370: 366: 365:Harry F. Byrd 363: 359: 355: 354:Samuel Argall 351: 350:Francis Wyatt 347: 343: 339: 336:, as well as 335: 331: 327: 323: 320:and his wife 319: 315: 311: 307: 293: 284: 282: 278: 274: 269: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 211: 207: 201: 198: 196: 193: 190: 187: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 170: 168: 164: 161: 157: 154: 150: 147: 144: 140: 134: 130: 127: 124: 118: 115:United States 114: 110: 105: 100: 96: 92: 88: 79: 75: 71: 59: 55: 51: 47: 40: 35: 28: 25: 22: 8853: 8841:Pole of Cold 8839: 8804: 8765: 8756: 8724: 8717: 8693: 8664: 8650: 8644:Borchgrevink 8636: 8623: 8608: 8588: 8573: 8542: 8523: 8516: 8500: 8486: 8477: 8460: 8453: 8434: 8422: 8398: 8384: 8377: 8365: 8351: 8337: 8323: 8316: 8311: 8277: 8269: 8255: 8248: 8246: 8228: 8220: 8213: 8200: 8191: 8153: 8145: 8136: 8129: 8117: 8110: 8096: 8084:Pourquoi-Pas 8083: 8075: 8067: 8059: 8054:Orcadas Base 8052: 8044: 8031: 8025:C. A. Larsen 8013: 8005: 7991: 7984: 7971: 7963: 7957:Borchgrevink 7950: 7942: 7899: 7891: 7866:C. A. Larsen 7859: 7840: 7831: 7813: 7795: 7786: 7773: 7758: 7749: 7736: 7697: 7683: 7676: 7657: 7642: 7552: 7545: 7528: 7521: 7507: 7492: 7478: 7465: 7440: 7426: 7424: 7410: 7408: 7402: 7400: 7366: 7359: 7340: 7306: 7304: 7290: 7288: 7270: 7260: 7258: 7238: 7236: 7217: 7093: 7051: 7034: 7002: 6966: 6964: 6944: 6943: 6923: 6922: 6908: 6895: 6880: 6866: 6857: 6844: 6815: 6803:Investigator 6802: 6793: 6769: 6756: 6748: 6739: 6726: 6697: 6674: 6659: 6644: 6614: 6599: 6569: 6488: 6468: 6439: 6435:Erik the Red 6417: 6395: 6388: 6345:submersibles 6342: 6336:Arktika 2007 6334: 6327: 6320: 6317: 6301: 6292: 6289: 6270: 6268: 6261: 6254: 6225: 6218: 6194: 6180: 6179: 6171: 6169: 6135: 6133: 6128: 6104: 6101: 6090:S. A. Andrée 6082: 6069: 6044: 6036: 6033: 6009: 5991: 5978: 5969: 5951: 5942: 5940: 5906: 5710: 5635:Firefighting 5620:Demographics 5543:Colonization 5538:World War II 5221:Aline Rhonie 5202: / 5198: / 5190:Barry Schiff 5188: / 5172: / 5146: 5139: / 5135: / 5125: / 5117:Selma Cronan 5086: / 5082: / 5072: / 5068: / 5058: / 5054: / 5046:Thor Solberg 5044: / 5022: / 5018: / 5008: / 4998: / 4994: / 4990: / 4986: / 4982: / 4963:Kay A. Brick 4955: / 4951: / 4941: / 4925: / 4921: / 4917: / 4913: / 4909: / 4809: 4797:Ghostarchive 4787: 4740: 4728:. Retrieved 4724:the original 4683: 4680: 4655:. Retrieved 4651:the original 4624:November 10, 4622:. Retrieved 4603:. Retrieved 4591: 4585: 4567: 4556: 4551: 4542: 4537: 4531:Bibliography 4519: 4509:December 16, 4507:. Retrieved 4503: 4494: 4485: 4476: 4464:. Retrieved 4460:the original 4450: 4431: 4422: 4410:. Retrieved 4406: 4396: 4382: 4370:. Retrieved 4366: 4357: 4348: 4339: 4331: 4326: 4314:. Retrieved 4310: 4301: 4289:. 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Retrieved 3181:the original 3176: 3166: 3146: 3118: 3110: 3105: 3096: 3081: 3074: 3062:. Retrieved 3056: 3043: 2971: 2919:Rear Admiral 2894:June 8, 1915 2833: 2817: 2807: 2803: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2762: 2758: 2738: 2733: 2716: 2712: 2694: 2678: 2673: 2662: 2647: 2636: 2634: 2522:service star 2369: 2072: 2058:Great Circle 2056: 2054: 2050:Copper Medic 2049: 2045: 2044:in his book 2040: 2031: 2024: 2017: 2010: 2003: 1996: 1985: 1981: 1969: 1957: 1950: 1943: 1936: 1926: 1919: 1907:Lunar crater 1905: 1890: 1885: 1867: 1844: 1833: 1825:Robert Peary 1818: 1807: 1791:George Dewey 1788: 1781: 1773: 1737: 1730: 1715: 1699: 1663: 1657: 1641: 1639: 1628: 1626: 1621: 1613: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1590: 1583: 1575: 1564: 1558: 1511: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1472: 1466: 1457:World War II 1451: 1440: 1414: 1409: 1391: 1378: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1337: 1292: 1285: 1278: 1272: 1255:rear admiral 1252: 1236: 1230: 1215: 1170: 1154: 1137: 1128: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1101: 1067: 1058: 1048: 1041: 1034: 1027: 1015: 1003:Please help 998:verification 995: 964: 962: 951: 921: 914: 899: 881: 877:Orteig Prize 866: 826: 821: 805: 796: 784: 775: 743: 736: 711: 698: 683: 672: 664: 648: 643: 637: 624: 612:flying boats 604: 588: 572: 542: 540: 534: 529:World War II 513: 497: 490: 480: 466: 455: 436: 424: 413: 389: 382:for a time. 376:their father 362:U.S. Senator 303: 270: 258: 254:Mount Sidley 237: 236: 160:World War II 152:Battles/wars 146:Rear Admiral 82:(1957-03-11) 43:Byrd in 1928 24: 8917:1957 deaths 8912:1888 births 8544:Lake Vostok 8494:Tryoshnikov 8416:Schlossbach 8307:Christensen 8249:James Caird 8170:E. R. Evans 7936:Dobrowolski 7906:de Gerlache 7608:Expeditions 7494:Aviaarktika 7448:Samoylovich 7319:Kolomeitsev 7213:Middendorff 7173:Gedenshtrom 6593:I. Fyodorov 6355:Chilingarov 6243:E. Fyodorov 5850:Expeditions 5723:(legendary) 5630:Field camps 5528:Expeditions 5454:Weddell Sea 5434:Lake Vostok 5429:Lake Mercer 5301:Ice shelves 4684:, 1925–1927 4605:November 3, 4504:www.gao.gov 4291:October 24, 4155:"- YouTube" 4127:El Mercurio 3762:January 11, 3712:December 3, 3294:Rose p. 35. 3187:December 6, 3008:Ford Ranges 3003:Byrd Canyon 2629:, Romania) 2627: 1930 2613: 1930 1712:Memberships 1702:Beacon Hill 1615:El Mercurio 1357:Amory Waite 1353:E. J. Demas 1288:Pi Gamma Mu 1229:, flew the 1223:Harold June 949:on July 6. 937:during the 931:Ver-sur-Mer 884:Bert Acosta 816:anticyclone 766:Controversy 756:White House 724:Spitsbergen 616:Albert Read 584:Nova Scotia 404:Beacon Hill 265:South Poles 156:World War I 9007:North Pole 8906:Categories 8767:Terra Nova 8672:Shackleton 8615:J. C. Ross 8574:Resolution 8564:South Pole 8339:New Swabia 8263:Mackintosh 8235:Shackleton 8154:Terra Nova 8147:Terra Nova 7881:Heroic Age 7841:Challenger 7801:J. C. Ross 7711:Bransfield 7643:Resolution 7558:icebreaker 7522:Chelyuskin 7263:expedition 7241:Expedition 7183:Matyushkin 7141:Kh. Laptev 7136:Chelyuskin 7030:Heemskerck 7020:Chancellor 7015:Willoughby 7010:Koch boats 6953:Stefansson 6887:McClintock 6851:Inglefield 6693:J. C. Ross 6600:Resolution 6452:Cunningham 6350:Sagalevich 6039:expedition 5998:Stephenson 5958:C. F. Hall 5945:expedition 5919:J. C. Ross 5882:Heemskerck 5869:North Pole 5533:Heroic Age 5384:South Pole 5294:Heat waves 5263:Antarctica 5219:2010 5194:2006 5184:2002 5178:2001 5168:2000 5151:1999 5145:1998 5131:1997 5121:1996 5115:1994 5109:1993 5103:1990 5078:1989 5064:1988 5050:1987 5040:1985 5034:1984 5028:1983 5014:1982 5004:1981 4978:1980 4961:1978 4947:1976 4937:1975 4931:1974 4905:1973 3738:1889963437 3379:Navy Times 3350:. Cf. p. 9 3035:References 2862:Lieutenant 2843:Midshipman 2413:award star 2401:Navy Cross 1988:Wellington 1918:USNS 1793:, General 1746:, and the 1682:South Pole 1680:, and the 1333:FDR sketch 1191:snowmobile 1144:Dean Smith 1031:newspapers 935:Gold Beach 933:(known as 898:airplane, 720:Edsel Ford 718:president 654:(NRAS) at 488:in April. 481:Washington 462:battleship 451:midshipman 420:Henry Ford 416:Edsel Ford 396:Ames Range 322:Pocahontas 318:John Rolfe 281:Navy Cross 178:Navy Cross 112:Allegiance 63:1888-10-25 49:Birth name 8866:Tolstikov 8652:Discovery 8622:HMS 8607:HMS 8589:Adventure 8587:HMS 8572:HMS 8508:Tolstikov 8229:Endurance 8014:Antarctic 7999:Drygalski 7972:Discovery 7965:Discovery 7926:Arctowski 7839:HMS 7812:HMS 7806:Abernethy 7794:HMS 7772:USS 7759:Vincennes 7757:USS 7737:Astrolabe 7677:San Telmo 7658:Adventure 7656:HMS 7641:HMS 7636:Kerguelen 7598:Continent 7583:Antarctic 7460:Urvantsev 7418:Vilkitsky 7271:Jeannette 7269:USS 7261:Jeannette 7225:Weyprecht 7203:Pakhtusov 7153:Chichagov 7146:D. Laptev 7089:Permyakov 7064:Stadukhin 7059:Perfilyev 7036:Mangazeya 6974:H. Larsen 6939:Rasmussen 6894:HMS 6865:USS 6814:HMS 6801:HMS 6765:Collinson 6755:HMS 6747:HMS 6725:HMS 6673:HMS 6658:HMS 6643:HMS 6628:Mackenzie 6615:Discovery 6613:HMS 6598:HMS 6570:Discovery 6549:Frobisher 6512:Rasmussen 6425:Gunnbjörn 6371:Greenland 6300:USS 6291:USS 6163:Ellsworth 6105:Roosevelt 6035:Nansen's 5992:Discovery 5990:HMS 5977:HMS 5924:Abernethy 5892:Marmaduke 5685:Transport 5424:Lake CECs 5401:ice sheet 5357:ice sheet 5326:Volcanoes 5316:Mountains 5271:Geography 4412:August 7, 4372:August 3, 4076:0362-4331 3781:Lindbergh 3645:See also 3577:128663274 3111:Explorers 2914:Commander 2737:USS 2615:, Italy) 2029:in 1968. 2008:in 2001. 1935:USS 1899:from the 1882:Fairchild 1880:. Byrd's 1718:Freemason 1589:USS 1582:USS 1526:Tokyo Bay 1495:Nuku Hiva 1408:, dubbed 1199:Boy Scout 1165:); and a 1148:Fairchild 1108:Antarctic 920:, in the 543:Mayflower 535:Mayflower 273:recipient 271:He was a 246:navigator 209:Spouse(s) 137:1940–1947 135:1912–1927 8878:A. Fuchs 8835:V. Fuchs 8815:McKinley 8778:E. Evans 8737:Bjaaland 8732:Amundsen 8682:Marshall 8595:Furneaux 8447:V. Fuchs 8411:E. Ronne 8406:F. Ronne 8345:Ritscher 8199:SY 8187:Filchner 8131:Framheim 8125:Amundsen 7931:Racoviță 7916:Amundsen 7911:Lecointe 7780:Ringgold 7774:Porpoise 7664:Furneaux 7500:Shevelev 7455:Begichev 7434:Amundsen 7396:Nagórski 7374:Brusilov 7368:Sv. Anna 7282:Melville 7252:Palander 7208:Tsivolko 7168:Sannikov 7163:Billings 7106:Chirikov 7025:Barentsz 6967:St. Roch 6958:Bartlett 6932:Amundsen 6916:Sverdrup 6816:Resolute 6705:Franklin 6633:Kotzebue 6500:Sverdrup 6483:Scoresby 6457:Lindenov 6308:Plaisted 6293:Nautilus 6238:Shirshov 6212:Belyakov 6207:Baydukov 6181:Nautilus 6143:Amundsen 6103:SS 6062:Sverdrup 6057:Johansen 6027:Brainard 6022:Lockwood 5877:Barentsz 5755:Category 5660:Religion 5562:Politics 5480:Wildlife 5449:Ross Sea 5311:Glaciers 4799:and the 4730:July 11, 4657:July 14, 4554:(1938). 4540:(1930). 4430:(1990). 4334:, p. 35. 4316:July 11, 4261:Archived 4132:Santiago 3639:July 11, 3612:July 13, 3608:: 2–106 3253:March 6, 2975:See also 2822:— 2667:Citation 2594:8th Row 2562:7th Row 2530:6th Row 2492:5th Row 2458:4th Row 2430:3rd Row 2397:2nd Row 2385:1st Row 1195:airplane 1187:dog sled 1183:snowshoe 1171:Virginia 927:Normandy 812:airspeed 386:Marriage 369:Virginia 334:Richmond 300:Ancestry 120:Service/ 8883:Messner 8830:Hillary 8810:Balchen 8758:Polheim 8752:Wisting 8630:Crozier 8602:Weddell 8580:J. Cook 8550:Kapitsa 8531:Fiennes 8473:Klenova 8442:Hillary 8392:Ketchum 8318:BANZARE 8293:· 8138:Polheim 8104:Shirase 8090:Charcot 7900:Belgica 7819:Crozier 7731:Morrell 7726:Weddell 7704:Lazarev 7649:J. Cook 7603:History 7553:Arktika 7529:Krassin 7514:Voronin 7486:Schmidt 7472:Ushakov 7411:Vaygach 7379:Albanov 7348:Rusanov 7329:Kolchak 7324:Matisen 7298:Makarov 7277:De Long 7178:Wrangel 7158:Lyakhov 7111:Malygin 7069:Dezhnev 6896:Pandora 6867:Advance 6834:Kennedy 6829:Belcher 6822:Kellett 6809:McClure 6733:Beechey 6727:Blossom 6720:Simpson 6688:Crozier 6681:Hoppner 6638:J. Ross 6606:J. Cook 6554:Gilbert 6447:J. Hall 6413:Ingólfr 6403:Naddodd 6397:Vikings 6384:Brendan 6379:Pytheas 6367:Iceland 6321:Arktika 6313:Herbert 6278:Badygin 6248:Krenkel 6233:Papanin 6202:Chkalov 6188:Wilkins 6153:Wisting 6097:F. Cook 6003:Markham 5963:Bessels 5952:Polaris 5943:Polaris 5914:J. Ross 5897:Carolus 5845:History 5765:Commons 5680:Tourism 5625:Economy 5598:Society 5520:History 5490:Mammals 5379:Islands 5335:Regions 5306:Geology 5284:Climate 4830:of the 4826:in the 4818:YouTube 4814:. 1954. 4811:YouTube 4199:May 23, 4160:YouTube 4003:, p. 81 3757:HISTORY 3474:May 11, 3410:May 11, 3385:May 11, 3098:flight. 2819:Canada. 2675:return. 2585:(1945, 2557:(1945) 2550:(1942) 2541:(1943) 2525:(1940) 2513:(1919) 2499:(1918) 2487:(1945) 2476:(1937) 2467:(1930) 2453:(1914) 2446:(1944) 2437:(1927) 2404:(1929) 2392:(1926) 2380:(1917) 1992:Dunedin 1490:Concord 1485:Concord 1467:Concord 1441:Byrd's 1314:Byrd's 1123:Titanic 1106:to the 1045:scholar 922:America 901:America 824:airship 527:during 514:Dolphin 498:Dolphin 493:gunboat 467:Wyoming 275:of the 230: 218: 8793:Bowers 8788:Wilson 8747:Hassel 8742:Helmer 8711:Mackay 8701:Mawson 8666:Nimrod 8624:Terror 8609:Erebus 8536:Burton 8331:Rymill 8207:Mawson 8201:Aurora 8180:Lashly 8165:Wilson 8068:Nimrod 8045:Scotia 7852:Murray 7827:Cooper 7814:Terror 7796:Erebus 7765:Wilkes 7716:Palmer 7684:Vostok 7631:Bouvet 7555:-class 7535:Gakkel 7403:Taymyr 7384:Konrad 7353:Kuchin 7291:Yermak 7198:Lavrov 7116:Ovtsyn 7101:Bering 7079:Ivanov 7042:Hudson 7004:Pomors 6981:Cowper 6946:Karluk 6845:Isabel 6839:Bellot 6789:Austin 6757:Terror 6749:Erebus 6645:Griper 6621:Clerke 6581:Baffin 6564:Hudson 6495:Nansen 6408:Garðar 6329:Barneo 6196:ANT-25 6172:Italia 6148:Nobile 6117:Henson 6076:Amedeo 6052:Nansen 6017:Greely 5887:Hudson 5825:Arctic 5362:shield 5321:Tundra 4692: 4594:(1935) 4588:(1930) 4575: 4438: 4235: 4074: 3958:May 8, 3936:May 8, 3881: 3793: 3735: 3575: 3438: 3225: 3154: 3089: 3064:May 5, 2852:Ensign 2510:clasps 1929:-class 1754:Honors 1742:, the 1676:, the 1355:, and 1298:, and 1193:, and 1151:FC-2W2 1118:Samson 1047: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1018: 847:, and 833:Alaska 742:. The 458:ensign 287:Family 224: 166:Awards 122:branch 106:, U.S. 89:, U.S. 72:, U.S. 8873:Crary 8820:Dufek 8783:Oates 8773:Scott 8706:David 8687:Adams 8658:Barne 8479:Mirny 8468:Somov 8278:Quest 8175:Crean 8160:Scott 8039:Bruce 7993:Gauss 7986:Gauss 7860:Jason 7847:Nares 7721:Davis 7698:Mirny 7671:Smith 7626:Roché 7546:Lenin 7466:Sadko 7391:Wiese 7336:Sedov 7307:Zarya 7230:Payer 7193:Litke 7188:Anjou 7121:Minin 7084:Vagin 7074:Popov 7047:Poole 6902:Young 6715:Dease 6660:Hecla 6651:Parry 6576:Bylot 6559:Davis 6534:Cabot 6507:Peary 6489:Jason 6476:Egede 6390:Papar 6302:Skate 6283:Wiese 6263:NP-37 6256:NP-36 6136:Norge 6124:Sedov 6112:Peary 6070:Jason 5985:Nares 5979:Alert 5934:Hayes 5902:Parry 5840:Ocean 5770:Index 5690:Women 5640:Flags 5615:Crime 5553:Years 5495:Krill 5485:Birds 5470:Flora 5213:2010s 5162:2000s 5097:1990s 4972:1980s 4899:1970s 4670:(PDF) 4618:(PDF) 4557:Alone 3909:: 20. 3903:(PDF) 3598:(PDF) 3573:S2CID 2520:with 2411:with 1876:, in 1688:Death 1660:1955) 1658:circa 1362:Alone 1052:JSTOR 1038:books 828:Norge 261:North 228:) 220:( 216: 8805:Byrd 8726:Fram 8677:Wild 8359:Marr 8325:BGLE 8312:Byrd 8240:Wild 8119:Fram 7921:Cook 7442:AARI 7427:Maud 7314:Toll 7239:Vega 6925:Gjøa 6910:Fram 6873:Kane 6710:Back 6675:Fury 6666:Lyon 6588:Munk 6227:NP-1 6129:Byrd 6046:Fram 6037:Fram 5929:Kane 5675:Time 5463:Life 4732:2007 4690:ISBN 4659:2007 4626:2023 4607:2023 4573:ISBN 4511:2015 4468:2012 4436:ISBN 4414:2017 4374:2011 4318:2023 4293:2007 4280:Time 4233:ISBN 4201:2008 4111:2015 4083:2015 4072:ISSN 3960:2011 3938:2011 3879:ISBN 3822:2015 3791:ISBN 3764:2021 3733:ISBN 3714:2015 3641:2007 3614:2007 3476:2024 3436:ISBN 3412:2024 3387:2024 3328:2015 3255:2013 3223:ISBN 3189:2015 3152:ISBN 3087:ISBN 3066:2020 2739:Bear 1990:and 1910:Byrd 1722:Kane 1607:USS 1483:USS 1377:and 1331:See 1146:; a 1024:news 644:R-38 639:ZR-2 620:NC-4 533:USS 496:USS 479:USS 465:USS 360:and 352:and 340:and 263:and 226:1915 142:Rank 77:Died 57:Born 8502:3rd 8488:2nd 8462:1st 8295:IGY 8291:IPY 6881:Fox 6777:Rae 6343:Mir 6319:NS 4832:ZBW 4816:on 4757:at 4012:The 3684:doi 3657:doi 3565:doi 2061:by 2055:In 1951:In 1766:at 1524:in 1501:in 1427:.) 1161:'s 1007:by 734:). 618:'s 582:in 549:in 328:of 191:(2) 185:(2) 8908:: 7407:/ 4808:. 4803:: 4765:, 4761:, 4502:. 4405:. 4365:. 4347:. 4309:. 4277:. 4259:. 4255:. 4189:. 4157:. 4102:. 4091:^ 4066:. 3968:^ 3905:. 3863:^ 3813:. 3789:. 3787:85 3755:. 3704:. 3680:39 3678:. 3653:20 3651:. 3606:10 3604:. 3600:. 3585:^ 3571:. 3561:36 3559:. 3536:. 3502:. 3467:. 3420:^ 3403:. 3377:. 3343:, 3319:. 3299:^ 3175:. 3130:^ 3095:. 3055:. 2624:c. 2610:c. 2589:) 1979:. 1948:. 1941:. 1903:. 1827:, 1750:. 1708:. 1532:. 1364:. 1351:, 1201:, 1189:, 1185:, 851:. 843:, 839:, 762:. 597:. 538:. 348:, 324:, 222:m. 7884:" 7878:" 7821:) 7817:( 7808:) 7799:( 5804:e 5797:t 5790:v 5255:e 5248:t 5241:v 4884:e 4877:t 4870:v 4820:. 4781:. 4734:. 4698:. 4661:. 4628:. 4609:. 4581:. 4513:. 4470:. 4444:. 4416:. 4390:. 4376:. 4320:. 4295:. 4241:. 4203:. 4163:. 4113:. 4085:. 3962:. 3940:. 3887:. 3824:. 3799:. 3766:. 3741:. 3716:. 3690:. 3686:: 3663:. 3659:: 3643:. 3616:. 3579:. 3567:: 3478:. 3444:. 3414:. 3389:. 3330:. 3257:. 3231:. 3215:* 3205:. 3191:. 3160:. 3068:. 2622:( 2608:( 1074:) 1068:( 1063:) 1059:( 1049:· 1042:· 1035:· 1028:· 1001:. 101:, 65:) 61:(

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