845:, The Economist (July 8, 2017), Quote: "The trouble began in October after a fishmonger called Mouhcine Fikri was crushed by a garbage compactor at a port in Al Hoceima, which is located in the Rif, a northern mountain region with a rebellious streak. Fikri was trying to retrieve fish that had been confiscated by the authorities. To locals, his death was a striking example of hogra—humiliating treatment by an abusive state. (...) The government has since exacerbated the situation with yet more hogra. In May it called the protesters separatists, though most are not, and suggested that they were foreign agents. (...) The unrest not only increased, but spread to other parts of the country, including Rabat, the capital, where on June 11th thousands of people rallied in support of the Riffians. All told, it is the largest display of public anger in Morocco since the Arab spring in 2011."
1672:
1225:
1873:
1486:
2129:
43:
877:
216:
They have inhabited an impoverished and an eroded, deforested, poorly irrigated region. Poverty rates and infant mortality rates among
Riffians have been high, according to a study published in 1980 by Terri Joseph. The Riffians have lived a largely settled, agricultural lifestyle, using hand tools,
243:
In 1958, some
Riffians revolted against the government. In the decades that followed, the Rif region has witnessed popular demonstrations and demands for better education, healthcare and job opportunities. A resurgent Riffian popular movement in 2010, their protests in 2013 and protests in 2017 for
212:
or
Spanish. Nineteen groups or social units of Riffians are known: five in the west along the Mediterranean coast which speak Riffian and Moroccan Arabic, seven in the centre of which one speaks mainly Moroccan Arabic and rest Riffian, five in the east and two in the southeastern desert area also
192:
According to Irina Casado i Aijon, Riffians have traditionally organized themselves under "patrilineality and patrilocality principles". The oldest man in the household commands authority and responsibility for decisions, while women jointly care for the young and sick without any discrimination.
217:
oxen and cattle to plow the steeply terraced land in their valleys. Horticultural produce along with sheep and goat meat, cheese, and milk provide the traditional sustenance. Some practice sardine-seining along the
Mediterranean coast.
193:
Like other
Berbers, temporary migration is an accepted tradition. The Riffians have been a significant source of Moroccan emigrants into some European countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.
2735:
232:(tambourine tapping). This tradition, states Hsain Ilahiane, is linked to the 11th-century destruction and deaths of the Riffian fathers during the raid by the Almoravid leader
240:
caused numerous deaths of
Riffian people and of Spanish as well as French soldiers. The Rif War witnessed the use of chemical weapons in the 1920s by the Spanish army.
220:
Riffians have experienced numerous wars over their history. Some of their cultural traditions reflects and remembers this history, such as the singing and dancing of
842:
2593:
2478:
2416:
2426:
909:
2573:
1166:
2583:
384:"Population légale des régions, provinces, préfectures, municipalités, arrondissements et communes du Royaume d'après les résultats du RGPH 2014"
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2281:
248:– a humiliating treatment by an abusive state, has drawn public attention, as well as claims of brutal suppression by Moroccan authorities.
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1224:
881:
1152:
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208:. The languages spoken depend on the region, with many Riffians who speak a Berber language also speaking
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1807:
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333:
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133:
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951:
918:
1800:
1071:
939:
1175:
763:
738:
Chemical
Warfare Agents: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Second Edition
670:
Joseph, Terri Brint (1980). "Poetry as a
Strategy of Power: The Case of Rifian Berber Women".
587:
560:
533:
507:
2639:
2510:
1133:
944:
736:
462:
2209:
1575:
1053:
792:
Encyclopedia of
Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition
482:
Encyclopedia of
Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition
439:
Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition
8:
1992:
1962:
1339:
1299:
926:
189:
Muslims, but retain their pre-Islamic traditions such as high status for Riffian women.
2705:
2673:
1977:
1264:
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1239:
1021:
687:
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2017:
1987:
1957:
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95:
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209:
162:
128:
2027:
1997:
1857:
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224:, which literally means "Oh Lady oh Lady, oh Lady Buya" and is accompanied by
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2183:
2012:
1823:
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1279:
295:
734:
585:
2558:
1902:
1751:
1359:
1259:
1204:
765:
Empires of Intelligence: Security Services and Colonial Disorder After 1914
356:
276:
887:
589:
The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U.S. and Europe
42:
2710:
2658:
2603:
2563:
2042:
2007:
2002:
1972:
1907:
1892:
1585:
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1289:
1284:
989:
290:
174:
79:
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1947:
1937:
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1379:
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1304:
1269:
1199:
1185:
1004:
362:
1144:
586:
Malcolm Klein; Hans-Jürgen Kerner; Cheryl Maxson; et al. (2012).
383:
2700:
2338:
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2328:
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2301:
2143:
1952:
1771:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1460:
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1244:
559:
Irina Casado i Aijon (2013). Laura Oso; Natalia Ribas-Mateos (eds.).
532:
Irina Casado i Aijon (2013). Laura Oso; Natalia Ribas-Mateos (eds.).
506:
Irina Casado i Aijon (2013), Laura Oso; Natalia Ribas-Mateos (eds.),
612:
562:
The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism
535:
The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism
509:
The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism
2634:
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683:
306:
145:
861:. Harvard African studies.v. 9. University of Harvard. p. 38.
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1014:
994:
237:
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67:
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169:). Communities of Riffian immigrants are also found in southern
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1967:
1942:
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The Riffians are divided into these tribes and tribal groups:
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James A. Romano Jr.; Harry Salem; Brian J. Lukey (2007).
154:
538:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 450 with notes 2–8.
512:, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 450 with notes 2–8,
112:
118:
106:
819:
Rebels in the Rif: Abd el Krim and the Rif Rebellion
768:. University of California Press. pp. 147–149.
558:
531:
505:
703:
701:
613:Maurice Crul; Flip Lindo; Ching Lin Pang (1999).
431:
429:
427:
425:
2727:
815:
788:
782:
711:Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen)
478:
435:
843:Rough in the Rif: Morocco’s unrest is worsening
698:
472:
707:
672:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
422:
2210:
2079:
1808:
1617:
1416:
1160:
903:
761:
665:
663:
639:
565:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 439–449.
822:. Stanford University Press. pp. 1–17.
646:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 1590–1592.
917:
678:(3). University of Chicago Press: 418–434.
633:
251:
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643:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: L-R
525:
469:, page 12, 2005, Editions de Paris, Paris.
41:
411:
409:
407:
714:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 44.
415:The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica,
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669:
592:. Springer Science. pp. 166–167.
404:
144:
127:
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2067:
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891:
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14:
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467:Le monde arabe existe-t-il ?
153:ethnic group originally from the
57:(4% of Moroccan population; 2014)
2127:
1871:
1670:
1484:
1223:
875:
619:. Het Spinhuis. pp. 66–67.
848:
836:
809:
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728:
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2736:Pages with Moroccan Arabic IPA
579:
552:
499:
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376:
1:
616:Culture, Structure and Beyond
369:
2761:Muslim communities in Africa
236:. In more modern times, the
213:speak the Riffian language.
119:
107:
7:
2224:
855:Coon, Charleton S. (1931).
322:
10:
2782:
419:, Encyclopaedia Britannica
222:Ayara Liyara, Ayara Labuya
185:. They are overwhelmingly
113:
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2741:Berber peoples and tribes
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816:David S. Woolman (1968).
795:. ABC-CLIO. p. 352.
789:James B. Minahan (2016).
741:. CRC Press. p. 11.
485:. ABC-CLIO. p. 352.
479:James B. Minahan (2016).
442:. ABC-CLIO. p. 352.
436:James B. Minahan (2016).
391:Haut Commissariat au Plan
334:Senhaja de Srair language
78:
73:
66:
61:
54:
49:
40:
33:
2756:Ethnic groups in Morocco
1101:Standard Moroccan Berber
365:Tlemcen, Western Algeria
252:Tribes and tribal groups
181:as well as elsewhere in
129:[iɾifijən,æɾifi]
1526:Bni Oukil Oulad M'Hand
1385:Zaouiat Sidi Abdelkader
919:Demographics of Morocco
708:Hsain Ilahiane (2017).
200:, which belongs to the
157:region of northeastern
1072:Modern Standard Arabic
762:Martin Thomas (2008).
640:James Minahan (2002).
2260:Koidamousii/Ucutumani
1576:Oulad Daoud Zkhanine
884:at Wikimedia Commons
1993:Meknassa Al Gharbia
1963:Gzenaya Al Janoubia
1340:Moulay Ahmed Cherif
1300:Bni Gmil Maksouline
1176:Al Hoceïma Province
30:
16:Berber ethnic group
2746:Berbers in Morocco
2706:Kabyle nationalism
1265:Bni Ahmed Imoukzan
1250:Ait Youssef Ou Ali
1240:Abdelghaya Souahel
359:in the Eastern Rif
353:in the Western Rif
347:in the Western Rif
341:in the Central Rif
55:Around 1.5 million
22:
2721:
2720:
2594:Sanhajas de Srayr
2192:
2191:
2164:Houara Oulad Raho
2061:
2060:
2018:Sidi Ali Bourakba
1988:Meknassa Acharqia
1958:Ghiata Al Gharbia
1790:
1789:
1599:
1598:
1398:
1397:
1142:
1141:
1127:Foreign nationals
880:Media related to
858:Tribes of the Rif
802:978-1-61069-954-9
775:978-0-520-25117-5
748:978-1-4200-4662-5
721:978-1-4422-8182-0
653:978-0-313-32111-5
626:978-90-5589-173-3
599:978-94-010-0882-2
572:978-1-78195-147-7
545:978-1-78195-147-7
519:978-1-78195-147-7
492:978-1-61069-954-9
449:978-1-61069-954-9
234:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
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104:romanized:
103:
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96:Berber languages
50:Total population
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21:
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1394:
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1067:Moroccan Arabic
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228:(couplets) and
210:Moroccan Arabic
196:Riffians speak
163:autonomous city
146:[riafa]
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134:Moroccan Arabic
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2184:Oulad Bourima
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2013:Rbaa El Fouki
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296:Ait Waryaghar
294:
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287:Ait Temsamane
286:
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28:
2723:
2659:Arab-Berbers
2640:Latin script
2112:Municipality
1903:Bab Marzouka
1752:Oulad Amghar
1360:Sidi Boutmim
1260:Bni Abdallah
1205:Bni Bouayach
1087:Pre-Hilalian
990:Arab-Berbers
952:Christianity
857:
850:
838:
818:
811:
791:
784:
764:
757:
737:
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508:
501:
481:
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438:
394:. Retrieved
378:
357:Beni Iznasen
284:Ait Tafersit
267:Ait Bouyahyi
255:
245:
242:
229:
225:
221:
219:
215:
202:Zenati group
195:
191:
111:; singular:
91:
87:
86:
26:
19:Ethnic group
2689:Netherlands
2564:Berber Jews
2043:Tizi Ouasli
2008:Oulad Zbair
2003:Oulad Chrif
1973:Kaf El Ghar
1908:Bni Frassen
1586:Ras Kebdana
1476:Zeghanghane
1290:Bni Bounsar
1285:Bni Boufrah
957:Catholicism
396:15 February
389:. Morocco.
291:Ait Touzine
264:Ait Boufrah
175:Netherlands
80:Sunni Islam
2730:Categories
2506:Banu Ifran
2402:Barghawata
2312:Mauretania
2292:Marmaridae
2255:Garamantes
2174:Ras Laksar
1948:El Gouzate
1938:Bouyablane
1898:Bab Boudir
1853:Oued Amlil
1737:Ijermaouas
1561:Ihaddadene
1556:Iaazzanene
1521:Bni Chiker
1380:Tifarouine
1325:Izemmouren
1305:Bni Hadifa
1270:Bni Ammart
1200:Al Hoceima
1186:Al Hoceima
1037:Portuguese
1005:Afro-Arabs
417:Rif people
370:References
363:Beni Snous
277:Ait Ourish
273:Ait Itteft
261:Ait Ammart
165:of Spain,
142:pronounced
125:pronounced
2701:Berberism
2579:Mozabites
2412:Fendelawa
2339:Masaesyli
2329:Nasamones
2324:Musulamii
2307:Makanitae
2302:Bakouatae
2245:Banioubae
2144:Mazguitam
2103:Capital:
1978:Maghraoua
1953:Galdamane
1832:Capital:
1772:Tazaghine
1697:Ain Zohra
1692:Ben Taieb
1687:Temsamane
1641:Capital:
1461:Bni Ansar
1456:Al Aaroui
1440:Capital:
1275:Bni Bchir
1245:Ait Kamra
1184:Capital:
1116:Tachelhit
1054:Languages
1032:Spaniards
927:Religions
314:Iqer'iyen
311:Ikebdanen
307:Igzenayen
300:Ibaqouyen
108:Iriffiyen
62:Languages
27:Iriffiyen
2647:Religion
2589:Riffians
2574:Matmatas
2549:Ghomaras
2544:Chenouas
2516:Maghrawa
2437:Guanches
2370:Medieval
2344:Massylii
2319:Meshwesh
2287:Machlyes
2265:Leuathae
2154:Assebbab
2038:Tazarine
2033:Tainaste
1923:Bouchfaa
1918:Bni Lent
1913:Bni Ftah
1777:Trougout
1762:Tafersit
1747:Ouardana
1722:Boudinar
1707:Amejjaou
1702:Ait Mait
1680:communes
1591:Selouane
1546:Farkhana
1511:Arekmane
1375:Tamsaout
1370:Taghzout
1320:Issaguen
1315:Imrabten
1310:Chakrane
1295:Bni Gmil
1215:Targuist
1210:Imzouren
1082:Hilalian
1027:Italians
1022:European
692:14712463
323:See also
317:Mestassa
303:Ibdarsen
281:Ait Said
270:Ait Gmil
149:) are a
100:ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉⵢⴻⵏ
88:Riffians
74:Religion
35:ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉⵢⴻⵏ
23:Riffians
2674:Belgium
2619:Zayanes
2614:Tuaregs
2584:Nafusis
2569:Kabyles
2554:Hawwara
2539:Chaouis
2534:Brabers
2494:Lamtuna
2489:Sanhaja
2484:Nafzawa
2479:Matmata
2472:Hintata
2467:Masmuda
2462:Madyuna
2447:Hawwara
2442:Haskura
2427:Ghiatta
2422:Gazoula
2417:Ghumara
2397:Bahlula
2387:Awregha
2377:Adjissa
2349:Numidia
2334:Numidae
2250:Gaetuli
2240:Bavares
2233:Ancient
2226:Berbers
2179:Taddart
2169:Lamrija
2159:Barkine
2119:Guercif
2105:Guercif
1983:Matmata
1928:Bouhlou
1767:Talilit
1742:M'Hajer
1657:Driouch
1643:Driouch
1345:Nekkour
1111:Zenatic
1015:Haratin
995:Berbers
969:Judaism
345:Ghomara
238:Rif War
198:Tarifit
179:Belgium
167:Melilla
159:Morocco
92:Rifians
68:Tarifit
2684:France
2679:Canada
2635:Script
2609:Teknas
2599:Shilha
2559:Jerbis
2527:Modern
2511:Jarawa
2501:Zanata
2457:Luwata
2452:Kutama
2432:Godala
2392:Azdeja
2382:Awerba
2361:Psylli
2053:Zrarda
2048:Traiba
1968:Jbarna
1943:Brarha
1848:Aknoul
1732:Iferni
1571:Khadab
1566:Iksane
1541:Bouarg
1355:Senada
1350:Rouadi
1330:Ketama
1134:Malays
1096:Berber
1062:Arabic
826:
799:
772:
745:
718:
690:
650:
623:
596:
569:
542:
516:
489:
446:
230:addjun
151:Berber
120:Ariffi
2652:Islam
2604:Siwis
2407:Fazaz
2297:Mauri
2282:Macae
2275:Libya
2028:Taifa
1998:Msila
1933:Bourd
1893:Ajdir
1858:Tahla
1782:Tsaft
1712:Azlaf
1662:Midar
1501:Afsou
1466:Nador
1442:Nador
1390:Zarkt
1335:Louta
1106:Atlas
1010:Gnawa
985:Arabs
940:Sunni
935:Islam
688:S2CID
387:(Xls)
351:Jbala
246:hogra
226:izran
187:Sunni
171:Spain
138:ريافة
114:ⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉ
2711:flag
2270:Libu
2149:Saka
2023:Smià
1863:Taza
1834:Taza
1471:Zaio
1044:Jews
945:Shia
824:ISBN
797:ISBN
770:ISBN
743:ISBN
716:ISBN
648:ISBN
621:ISBN
594:ISBN
567:ISBN
540:ISBN
514:ISBN
487:ISBN
444:ISBN
398:2016
177:and
680:doi
204:of
155:Rif
90:or
2732::
700:^
686:.
674:.
662:^
465:,
424:^
406:^
173:,
140:,
136::
132:,
123:,
117:,
102:,
98::
2218:e
2211:t
2204:v
2087:e
2080:t
2073:v
1816:e
1809:t
1802:v
1625:e
1618:t
1611:v
1424:e
1417:t
1410:v
1168:e
1161:t
1154:v
911:e
904:t
897:v
832:.
805:.
778:.
751:.
724:.
694:.
682::
676:5
656:.
629:.
602:.
575:.
548:.
495:.
452:.
400:.
94:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
