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3694:, also known as the Istanbul Convention, provides the following definition of violence against women: "violence against women" is understood as a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination against women and shall mean all acts of gender-based violence that result in, or are likely to result in, physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life". Violence against women may be perpetrated by individuals, by groups, or by the State. It may occur in private or in public. Violence against women may be sexual violence, physical violence, psychological violence, or socioeconomic violence. Some forms of violence against women have long cultural traditions:
3514:, "Abortion is a highly emotional subject and one that excites deeply held opinions. However, equitable access to safe abortion services is first and foremost a human right. Where abortion is safe and legal, no one is forced to have one. Where abortion is illegal and unsafe, women are forced to carry unwanted pregnancies to term or suffer serious health consequences and even death. Approximately 13% of maternal deaths worldwide are attributable to unsafe abortion—between 68,000 and 78,000 deaths annually." According to Human Rights Watch, "the denial of a pregnant woman's right to make an independent decision regarding abortion violates or poses a threat to a wide range of human rights." African American women are five times more likely to have an abortion than a white woman.
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1201:" promoted daughters to obey their fathers, wives to obey their husbands, and widows to obey their sons. Women could not inherit businesses or wealth and men had to adopt a son for such financial purposes. Late imperial law also featured seven different types of divorces. A wife could be ousted if she failed to birth a son, committed adultery, disobeyed her parents-in-law, spoke excessively, stole, was given to bouts of jealousy, or suffered from an incurable or loathsome disease or disorder. But there were also limits for the husband – for example, he could not divorce if she observed her parents-in-law's mourning sites, if she had no family to return to, or if the husband's family used to be poor and since then had become richer.
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1458:, also reflected accountability for men to pay child maintenance for children born out of wedlock, which empowered women to claim rightful payment. In France, women's testimony had to corroborate with other accounts or it would not be accepted. Although women were expected to not attend courts, this however was not always true. Sometimes, regardless of expectations, women did participate and attend court cases and court meetings. But women could not act as justices in courts, be attorneys or members of a jury, or accuse another person of a felony unless it was the murder of her husband. For the most part, the best thing a woman could do in medieval courts was to observe the legal proceedings taking place.
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3935:(ICW) was the first women's organization to work across national boundaries for the common cause of advocating human rights for women. In March and April 1888, women leaders came together in Washington, D.C., with 80 speakers and 49 delegates representing 53 women's organizations from 9 countries: Canada, the United States, Ireland, India, England, Finland, Denmark, France and Norway. Women from professional organizations, trade unions, arts groups and benevolent societies participate. National Councils are affiliated with the ICW and thus make themselves heard at the international level. In 1904, the ICW met in
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works. Roman women could appear in court and argue cases, though it was customary for them to be represented by a man. They were simultaneously disparaged as too ignorant and weak-minded to practice law, and as too active and influential in legal matters—resulting in an edict that limited women to conducting cases on their own behalf instead of others'. But even after this restriction was put in place, there are numerous examples of women taking informed actions in legal matters, including dictating legal strategy to their male advocates.
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867:, who had been taught by Plato, denied that women were slaves or subject to property, arguing that "nature has distinguished between the female and the slave", but he considered wives to be "bought". He argued that women's main economic activity is that of safeguarding the household property created by men. According to Aristotle, the labour of women added no value because "the art of household management is not identical with the art of getting wealth, for the one uses the material which the other provides".
2999:– is not neglected. According to the World Health Organization, "Discrimination in health care settings takes many forms and is often manifested when an individual or group is denied access to health care services that are otherwise available to others. It can also occur through denial of services that are only needed by certain groups, such as women." The refusal of states to acknowledge the specific needs of women, such as the necessity of specific policies like the strong investment of states in reducing
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1096:. While not advocating equality in society or under the law, they held that nature gives men and women equal capacity for virtue and equal obligations to act virtuously, and that therefore men and women had an equal need for philosophical education. These philosophical trends among the ruling elite are thought to have helped improve the status of women under the Empire. Rome had no system of state-supported schooling, and education was available only to those who could pay for it. The daughters of
4004:(WfWI) is a nonprofit humanitarian organization that provides practical and moral support to women survivors of war. WfWI helps such women rebuild their lives after war's devastation through a year-long tiered program that begins with direct financial aid and emotional counseling and includes life skills (e.g., literacy, numeracy) training if necessary, rights awareness education, health education, job skills training and small business development. The organization was co-founded in 1993 by
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husband and a violation of their protection and guardianship of the women whom they look after in the household. Women's identities in the Middle Ages were also referred through their relations with men they associated with, such as "his daughter" or "so and so's wife". Despite all this, the Church still emphasized the importance of love and mutual counselling within marriage and prohibited any form of divorce so the wife would have someone to look after her.
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1703:, which developed from the 12th century onward, all property which a wife held at the time of marriage became a possession of her husband. Eventually, English courts forbade a husband's transferring property without the consent of his wife, but he still retained the right to manage it and to receive the money which it produced. French married women suffered from restrictions on their legal capacity which were removed only in 1965. In the 16th century, the
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878:, who argued that men and women should wear the same clothing and receive the same kind of education. They also saw marriage as a moral companionship between equals rather than a biological or social necessity and practiced these views in their lives as well as their teachings. The Stoics adopted the views of the Cynics and added them to their own theories of human nature, thus putting their sexual egalitarianism on a strong philosophical basis.
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1209:(1854–1927) was sent by the Foreign Missions Board of the Presbyterian Church (USA) to found the first medical college for women in China. Known as the Hackett Medical College for Women (夏葛女子醫學院), the college was enabled in Guangzhou, China, by a large donation from Edward A.K. Hackett (1851–1916) of Indiana, US. The college was aimed at the spreading of Christianity and modern medicine and the elevation of Chinese women's social status.
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child marriage, and female genital mutilation. According to the organization, EQUAL MEANS EQUAL, "the United
Nations come horrifying statistics: Victims of female genital mutilation – a ritual to remove a young girl's clitoris to ensure her fidelity – number 130 million. Some 60 million girls become 'child brides,' forced to marry, sometimes after being kidnapped and raped". Something that has been created to combat such things is the
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of a number of leagues, with each league pursuing a different issue or right... representation for women in shari'a courts; setting a age for girls' marriages; allowing women to take care of their own affairs in government agencies and allowing them to enter government buildings; protecting women from domestic violence, such as physical or verbal violence, or keeping her from studies, work, or marriage, or forcing her to divorce..."
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4135:(ECOSOC). Since 1975 the UN has held a series of world conferences on women's issues, starting with the World Conference of the International Women's Year in Mexico City. These conferences created an international forum for women's rights, but also illustrated divisions between women of different cultures and the difficulties of attempting to apply principles universally. Four World Conferences have been held, the first in
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the job status of a woman changed from permanent employee to temporary employee once she was married, thus losing the pension benefit. Some of them even lost their jobs. Since nurses were mostly women, this improvement of the rights of married women meant much to the nursing profession. In some
European countries, married women could not work without the consent of their husbands until a few decades ago, for example in
2947:(ECHR), the right to freedom from discrimination includes not only the obligation of states to treat in the same way persons who are in analogous situations, but also the obligation to treat in a different way persons who are in different situations. In this regard, equity, not just "equality" is important. Therefore, states must sometimes differentiate between women and men – through for example offering
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guarantees women the right to sex with their husbands and orders husbands to feed and clothe their wives. Breach of these Old
Testament rights by a polygamous man gave the woman grounds for divorce: "If he marries another woman, he must not deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights. If he does not provide her with these three things, she is to go free, without any payment of money" (
1994:
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3998:." But there was disagreement on how the proposed amendment would be understood. Supporters believed it would guarantee women equal treatment. But critics feared it might deny women the right to be financially supported by their husbands. The amendment died in 1982 because not enough states had ratified it. ERAs have been included in subsequent Congresses, but have still failed to be ratified.
1945:
utility." The first article of the
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen replied: "Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights. Social distinctions may only be based on common utility". De Gouges expands the sixth article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which declared the rights of citizens to take part in the formation of law, to:
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4848:. The Trial Chamber held that rape, which it defined as "a physical invasion of a sexual nature committed on a person under circumstances which are coercive", and sexual assault constitute acts of genocide insofar as they were committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a targeted group. It found that sexual assault formed an integral part of the process of destroying the
3829:(which provided for leniency for husbands who killed their wives caught committing adultery, but not for wives who killed their husbands under similar circumstances, and which treated female and male adultery differently, which remained in force until 1975). Similar norms existed in Spain (crimes of passion until 1963, and adultery – defined differently for women and men – until 1978).
1595:. There was no distinction made between children born inside or outside of marriage: both had the right to inherit property after their parents, and there were no "legitimate" or "illegitimate" children. These liberties gradually disappeared after the introduction of Christianity, and from the late 13th century, they are no longer mentioned. During the Christian Middle Ages, the
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all her activity. This tutelage had limited female activity but by the first century to sixth century BCE, tutelage became very relaxed and women were accepted to participate in more public roles such as owning and managing property or acting as municipal patrons for gladiator games and other entertainment activities
Childbearing was encouraged by the state. By 27–14 BCE the
1564:, reached legal majority, had the right to decide her place of residence, and was regarded as her own person before the law. An exception to her independence was the right to choose a marriage partner, as marriages were normally arranged by the clan. Widows enjoyed the same independent status as unmarried women. Women had religious authority and were active as priestesses (
2926:, about the laws. The United Nations Development Programme states that, in order to advance gender justice, "Women must know their rights and be able to access legal systems", and the 1993 UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women states at Art. 4 (d) "States should also inform women of their rights in seeking redress through such mechanisms".
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culture contributed to strict attitudes about women's roles being domestic instead of being public. There was also a growing trend of women who were not prostitutes, slaves or entertainers to be entirely veiled. Like previous Roman law, women could not be legal witnesses, hold administrations or run banking but they could still inherit properties and own land.
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1654:, which resulted in thousands of people across Europe being executed, of whom 75–95% were women (depending on time and place). The executions mostly took place in German-speaking lands, and during the 15th century the terminology "witchcraft" was definitely viewed as something feminine as opposed to prior years. Famous witchcraft manuals such as the
3362:. In relation to "How shall we change the law?" Sanger wrote "...women appeal in vain for instruction concerning contraceptives. Physicians are willing to perform abortions where they are pronounced necessary, but they refuse to direct the use of preventives which would make the abortions unnecessary... "I can't do it – the law does not permit it.""
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approximately between 35% and 40% of all
Spartan land and property. By the Hellenistic Period, some of the wealthiest Spartans were women. Spartan women controlled their own properties, as well as the properties of male relatives who were away with the army. Girls, as well as boys, received an education. But despite relatively greater
2127:, caring for children was increasingly difficult for women, many of whom could not support themselves, and whose husbands had died or were fighting in the war. Many women had to give up their children to children's homes infamous for abuse and neglect. These children's homes were unofficially dubbed as "angel factories". After the
1794:"If we take a survey of ages and of countries, we shall find the women, almost without exception... adored and oppressed... they are ... robbed of freedom of will by the laws...Yet such, I am sorry to say, is the lot of women over the whole earth. Man with regard to them, has been either an insensible husband or an oppressor."
841:, while looking after the duties in the home and having very little exposure to the male world. This was also to ensure that wives only had legitimate children from their husbands. Athenian women received little education, except home tutorship for basic skills such as spinning, weaving, cooking, and some knowledge of money.
4411:(General Comment 19 paragraph 2 last sentence). Single parent families frequently consist of a single woman caring for one or more children, and States parties should describe what measures of support are in place to enable her to discharge her parental functions on the basis of equality with a man in a similar position.
4216:. It was set in place to help against discrimination in education, marriage, sexual violence, and politics. While this does not only pertain to non-western countries, 193 states have ratified it. Some of the countries that have opposed it include Iran, Palau, Somalia, North and South Sudan, Tonga, and the United States.
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4719:, is the first legally binding instrument in Europe in the field of domestic violence and violence against women, and came into force in 2014. Countries which ratify it must ensure that the forms of violence defined in its text are outlawed. In its Preamble, the Convention states that "the realisation of
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3400:, the birth control movement argued that women should have control over their reproduction, an idea that aligned closely to the theme of the feminist movement. Slogans such as "control over our own bodies" criticised male domination and demanded women's liberation, a connotation that is absent from the
1940:, which had been devoted to equality. It states that: "This revolution will only take effect when all women become fully aware of their deplorable condition, and of the rights they have lost in society". The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen follows the seventeen articles of the
5195:. This leads some sources to count Cuba as one of the 35 OAS member states, while other sources assert that there are only 34 OAS member states. Either way, and although non-OAS states are allowed to accede to the treaty, Cuba has neither signed nor ratified nor acceded to the Belém do Pará Convention.
4343:
Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the
3055:
Women's health is severely impaired in some parts of the world, due to factors such as inequality, confinement of women to the home, indifference of medical workers, lack of autonomy of women, and lack of financial resources of women. Discrimination against women occurs also through denial of medical
2111:
relaxed the second custom, but not the subordination of women. A decree of 1722 explicitly forbade any forced marriages by requiring both bride and groom to consent, while parental permission still remained a requirement. But during Peter's reign, only the man could get rid of his wife by putting her
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and were subjected to abuse, torture, sexual violence and other violations. North Korea bans citizens from traveling abroad. Those women who were detained for doing so were regularly beaten, tortured, and subjected to forced nudity and invasive body searches. Women have also reported that in case of
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states that: "Violations of women's sexual and reproductive health and rights, such as forced sterilizations, forced abortion, forced pregnancy, criminalisation of abortion, denial or delay of safe abortion and post abortion care, forced continuation of pregnancy, abuse and mistreatment of women and
3416:
Birth control has become a major theme in United States politics. Reproductive issues are cited as examples of women's powerlessness to exercise their rights. The societal acceptance of birth control required the separation of sex from procreation, making birth control a highly controversial subject
1695:
Throughout Europe, women's legal status centered around their marital status while marriage itself was the biggest factor in restricting women's autonomy. Custom, statute and practice not only reduced women's rights and freedoms but prevented single or widowed women from holding public office on the
1461:
Swedish law protected women from the authority of their husbands by transferring the authority to their male relatives. A wife's property and land also could not be taken by the husband without her family's consent but neither could the wife. This meant a woman could not transfer her property to her
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where Eve fell to Satan's temptations and led Adam to eat the apple. This belief was based on St. Paul, that the pain of childbirth was a punishment for this deed that led mankind to be banished from the Garden of Eden. Women's inferiority also appears in much medieval writing; for example, the 1200
1140:
Since
Byzantine law was essentially based on Roman law, the legal status of women did not change significantly from the practices of the 6th century. But the traditional restriction of women in public life as well as the hostility against independent women still continued. Greater influence of Greek
958:
or the male head of the household who exercised his authority over all his children, servants, and wife. Girls had equal inheritance rights with boys if their father died without leaving a will. Similar to
Athenian women, Roman women had a guardian or as it was called "tutor" who managed and oversaw
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and Fawzia Al-Uyyouni, and grew out of a 2007 movement to gain women the right to drive. The association is not officially licensed by the government of Saudi Arabia, and has been warned not to mount demonstrations. In a 2007 interview, al-Huwaider described the goals: "The association will consist
2912:
Women's freedom of movement may be restricted by laws, but it may also be restricted by attitudes towards women in public spaces. In areas where it is not socially accepted for women to leave the home, women who are outside may face abuse such as insults, sexual harassment and violence. Many of the
2814:
was a practice in which a married woman who wished to sell her property had to be separately examined by a judge or justice of the peace outside of the presence of her husband and asked if her husband was pressuring her into signing the document. Property rights for women continued to be restricted
2487:
Government up to the early 1970s. Leslie Wah-Leung Chung (鍾華亮, 1917–2009), President of the Hong Kong
Chinese Civil Servants' Association 香港政府華員會 (1965–68), contributed to the establishment of equal pay for men and women, including the right for married women to be permanent employees. Before this,
2115:
In terms of laws, there were double standards for women. Adulterous wives were sentenced to forced labor, while men who murdered their wives were merely flogged. After the death of Peter the Great, laws and customs pertaining to men's marital authority over their wives increased. In 1782, civil law
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Customary laws favoured men more than women. For example, inheritance among the elites in Italy, England, Scandinavia and France was passed on to the eldest male heir. In all of the regions, the laws also gave men substantial powers over the lives, property and bodies of their wives. However, there
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and Jacob
Sprengerh justified these beliefs by claiming women had greater credulity, impressionability, feeble minds, feeble bodies, impulsivity and carnal natures which were flaws susceptible to "evil" behavior and witchcraft. These sorts of beliefs at the time could send female hermits or beggars
1450:
In overall Europe during the Middle Ages, women were inferior to men in legal status. Throughout medieval Europe, women were pressured to not attend courts and leave all legal business affairs to their husbands. In the legal system, women were regarded as the property of men so any threat or injury
1100:
seem to have regularly received a primary education (for ages 7 to 12). Regardless of gender, few people were educated beyond that level. Girls from a modest background might be schooled in order to help with the family business or to acquire literacy skills that enabled them to work as scribes and
1015:
as a crime in which the victim bore no guilt and a capital crime. The rape of a woman was considered an attack on her family and father's honour, and rape victims were shamed for allowing the bad name in her father's honour. As a matter of law, rape could be committed only against a citizen in good
1007:
Because of their legal status as citizens and the degree to which they could become emancipated, women in ancient Rome could own property, enter contracts, and engage in business. Some acquired and disposed of sizable fortunes, and are recorded in inscriptions as benefactors in funding major public
4442:
The human rights of women and of the girl-child are an inalienable, integral and indivisible part of universal human rights. The full and equal participation of women in political, civil, economic, social and cultural life, at the national, regional and international levels, and the eradication of
4211:
Compared to the Western women's rights movements, international women's rights are plagued with different issues. While it is called international women's rights, it is also can be known as third-world feminism. International women's rights deal with issues such as marriage, sexual slavery, forced
3927:
In the subsequent decades women's rights again became an important issue in the English-speaking world. By the 1960s the movement was called "feminism" or "women's liberation." Reformers wanted the same pay as men, equal rights in law, and the freedom to plan their families or not have children at
3769:
was one of the last European countries to establish gender equality in marriage: married women's rights were severely restricted until 1988, when legal reforms providing gender equality in marriage, abolishing the legal authority of the husband, came into force (these reforms had been approved in
1670:
The origin of the female "witch" myth traces back to Roman mythical night creatures known as Strix, who were thought to appear and disappear mysteriously in the night. They were also believed by many to be of transformed women by their own supernatural powers. This Roman myth itself is believed to
1523:
laws used marriages to forge alliances or create peace, usually without the women's say or consent. However divorce rights were permitted to women who suffered physical abuse but protections from harm were not given to those termed "wretched" women such as beggars, servants and slave women. Having
613:
law codes permitted a husband to divorce his wife under any circumstances, but doing so required him to return all of her property and sometimes pay her a fine. Most law codes forbade a woman to request her husband for a divorce and enforced the same penalties on a woman asking for divorce as on a
4636:
as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life." This resolution established
4352:
into their domestic legislation, repeal all discriminatory provisions in their laws, and enact new provisions to guard against discrimination against women. They must also establish tribunals and public institutions to guarantee women effective protection against discrimination, and take steps to
2367:
cultures largely remain patriarchal, however, since the fall of the former Soviet Union, the secular societies of the region have become more progressive to women's roles outside the traditional construct of being wholly subservient to men. In Mongolia, more women than men complete school and are
2038:
and defeated by 76 to 196 votes. His arguments won little support amongst contemporaries but his attempt to amend the reform bill generated greater attention for the issue of women's suffrage in Britain. Initially only one of several women's rights campaigns, suffrage became the primary
1774:
Wives lacked crucial features of legal personhood, since the husband was taken as the representative of the family (thereby eliminating the need for women's suffrage). These legal features of marriage suggest that the idea of a marriage between equals appeared unlikely to most Victorians. (Quoted
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in the late 19th century were a cornerstone for women's political rights in other parts of the world. In this regard, Australia differs from other cultures, in that women's suffrage in Australia was one of the earliest objectives of the feminist movement there (beginning with South Australia and
1944:
point for point and has been described by Camille Naish as "almost a parody... of the original document". The first article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen proclaims that "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on common
1465:
Medieval marriages among the elites were arranged in a way that would meet the interests of the family as a whole. Theoretically a woman needed to consent before a marriage took place and the Church encouraged this consent to be expressed in present tense and not future. Marriage could also take
1291:
Both before and during biblical times, the roles of women in society were severely restricted. Nonetheless, in the Bible, women are depicted as having the right to represent themselves in court, the ability to make contracts, and the rights to purchase, own, sell, and inherit property. The Bible
1247:
to tackle the sale of women into slavery. This outlawed marriage by proxy and made marriage legal so long as both partners consent. The New Marriage Law raised the legal age of marriage to 20 for men and 18 for women. This was an essential part of countryside land reform as women could no longer
1144:
As a rule, the influence of the church was exercised in favor of the abolition of the disabilities imposed by the older law upon celibacy and childlessness, of increased facilities for entering a professed religious life, and of due provision for the wife. The church also supported the political
4410:
27. In giving effect to recognition of the family in the context of article 23, it is important to accept the concept of the various forms of family, including unmarried couples and their children and single parents and their children and to ensure the equal treatment of women in these contexts
1547:, all had the right to inherit property from a deceased man. In the absence of male relatives, an unmarried woman with no son could, furthermore, inherit not only property, but also the position as head of the family from a deceased father or brother. A woman with such status was referred to as
1438:
as a role model for women to emulate by being innocent in her sexuality, being married to a husband and eventually becoming a mother. That was the core purpose set out both culturally and religiously across Medieval Europe. Rape was also seen in medieval England as a crime against the father or
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as: "(a) To prevent and combat trafficking in persons, paying particular attention to women and children; (b) To protect and assist the victims of such trafficking, with full respect for their human rights; and (c) To promote cooperation among States Parties in order to meet those objectives."
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as a crime against humanity. The indictment was confirmed by a 2001 verdict by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia that rape and sexual enslavement are crimes against humanity. This ruling challenged the widespread acceptance of rape and sexual enslavement of women as
2921:
The lack of legal knowledge among many women, especially in developing countries, is a major obstacle to the improvement of women's situation. International bodies, such as the United Nations, have stated that the obligation of states does not only consist in passing relevant laws, but also in
4381:
Article 16 of CEDAW stipulates that, "1. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations ". Among the rights included are a woman's right to freely and consensually choose her spouse; to have
1204:
Confucian thinking relegated women in China to subordinate roles and foot binding left them homemakers. About 45% of Chinese women had bound feet in the 19th century. For the upper classes, it was almost 100%. In 1912, the Chinese government ordered the cessation of foot-binding. Foot-binding
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movements. In the 1960s and 1970s the birth control movement advocated for the legalisation of abortion and large-scale education campaigns about contraception by governments. In the 1980s birth control and population control organisations co-operated in demanding rights to contraception and
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as a model for future maternity hospitals. The countess who ran the old Institute was moved to a side wing, however she spread rumours that the Bolsheviks had removed sacred pictures, and that the nurses were promiscuous with sailors. The maternity hospital was burnt down hours before it was
4118:
was founded in 2008. The organisation is internationally known for its topless protests against sex tourists, international marriage agencies, sexism and other social, national and international social illnesses. FEMEN has sympathisers groups in many European countries through social media.
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are temporary periods of absence from employment granted immediately before and after childbirth in order to support the mother's full recovery and grant time to care for the baby. Different countries have different rules regarding maternity leave, paternity leave and parental leave. In the
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2090:
While women, particularly those in the middle class, obtained modest control of daily household expenses and had the ability to leave the house, attend social events, and shop for personal and household items in the various department stores developing in late 19th century Europe, Europe's
1208:
Due to the social custom that men and women should not be near each other, the women of China were reluctant to be treated by male doctors of Western Medicine. This resulted in a tremendous need for female doctors of Western Medicine in China. Thus, female medical missionary Mary H. Fulton
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as "all acts of physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence that occur within the family or domestic unit or between former or current spouses or partners, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence with the victim". Although it is a Convention of the
2805:
husbands gained control of their wives' real estate and wages. Beginning in the 1840s, state legislatures in the United States and the British Parliament began passing statutes that protected women's property from their husbands and their husbands' creditors. These laws were known as the
2610:). During the 19th century, the right to vote was gradually extended in many countries, and women started to campaign for their right to vote. In 1893 New Zealand became the first country to give women the right to vote on a national level. Australia gave women the right to vote in 1902.
848:
women were formally excluded from military and political life, they enjoyed considerable status as mothers of Spartan warriors. As men engaged in military activity, women took responsibility for running estates. Following protracted warfare in the 4th century BC, Spartan women owned
1977:
in 1792, arguing that it was the education and upbringing of women that created limited expectations. Wollstonecraft attacked gender oppression, pressing for equal educational opportunities, and demanded "justice!" and "rights to humanity" for all. Wollstonecraft, along with her British
3145:
states at Article 3 that "The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights set forth in the present Covenant", with Article 13 recognizing "the right of everyone to education".
4959:, eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Furthermore, two of the men were found guilty of the crime against humanity of sexual enslavement for holding women and girls captive in a number of de facto detention centres. Many of the women subsequently disappeared. According to a report by the
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that states should "Examine gender neutral laws and policies to ensure that they do not create or perpetuate existing inequalities and repeal or modify them if they do so". (paragraph 32). Another example of gender neutral policy which harms women is that where medication tested in
4588:, Mozambique. On 25 November 2005, having been ratified by the required 15 member nations of the African Union, the protocol entered into force. The protocol guarantees comprehensive rights to women including the right to take part in the political process, to social and political
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1896:
3460:, where there are no legal restrictions. In many countries where abortion is permitted by law, women may only have limited access to safe abortion services. In some countries, abortion is permitted only to save the pregnant woman's life, or if the pregnancy resulted from rape or
2131:, the Bolsheviks shut down an infamous angel factory known as the 'Nikolaev Institute' situated near the Moika Canal. The Bolsheviks then replaced the Nikolaev Institute with a modern maternity home called the 'Palace for Mothers and Babies'. This maternity home was used by the
641:
4382:
parental rights to her children irrespective of her marital status; the right of a married woman to choose a profession or an occupation, and to have property rights within marriage. In addition to these, "The betrothal and the marriage of a child shall have no legal effect".
2922:
informing women about the existence of such laws, in order to enable them to seek justice and realize in practice their rights. Therefore, states must popularize the laws, and explain them clearly to the public, in order to prevent ignorance, or misconceptions originating in
11734:
1462:
husband without her family or kinsman's consent either. In Swedish law, a woman would also only get half that of her brother in inheritance. Despite these legal issues, Sweden was largely ahead and much superior in its treatment towards women than most European countries.
3958:
In the UK, a public groundswell of opinion in favour of legal equality had gained pace, partly through the extensive employment of women in what were traditional male roles during both world wars. By the 1960s the legislative process was being readied, tracing through MP
2878:. Nevertheless, in many regions of the world, women have this right severely restricted, in law or in practice. For instance, in some countries women may not leave the home without a male guardian, or without the consent of the husband – for example the personal law of
2974:
is an act where this difference must be acknowledged, both due to the increased physical risks for the woman, and due to the historical context of women being systematically subjected to forced sexual intercourse while in a socially subordinated position (particularly
1361:
While in customary law, inheritance was often limited to male descendants, the Qur'an included rules on inheritance with certain fixed shares being distributed to designated heirs, first to the nearest female relatives and then the nearest male relatives. According to
7315:
Ohlander, Ann-Sofie & Strömberg, Ulla-Britt, Tusen svenska kvinnoår: svensk kvinnohistoria från vikingatid till nutid, 3. (A Thousand Swedish Women's Years: Swedish Women's History from the Viking Age until now), uppl., Norstedts akademiska förlag, Stockholm,
3192:
studied radio electronics in Paris. Does this matter, when neither of them showed the smallest shred of ethics and understanding?" There has been increased attention given in recent decades to the raising of student awareness to the importance of gender equality.
3003:
can be a form of discrimination. In this regard treating women and men similarly does not work because certain biological aspects such as menstruation, pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and breastfeeding, as well as certain medical conditions, only affect women. The
1055:
that occurred between a male citizen and a married woman, or between a married woman and any man other than her husband. Therefore, a married woman could have sex only with her husband, but a married man did not commit adultery when he had sex with a prostitute,
4941:
soldiers, policemen, and members of paramilitary groups after the takeover of the city in April 1992. The indictment was of major legal significance and was the first time that sexual assaults were investigated for the purpose of prosecution under the rubric of
1683:
By 1500, Europe was divided into two types of secular law. One was customary law, which was predominant in northern France, England and Scandinavia, and the other was Roman-based written law, which was predominant in southern France, Italy, Spain and Portugal.
3689:
states, "violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women" and "violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men." The
2091:
socioeconomic climate pervaded the ideology that women were not in complete control over their urges to spend (assuming) their husband or father's wages. As a result, many advertisements for socially 'feminine' goods revolved around upward social progression,
1911:
3306:
Reproductive rights represent a broad concept, that may include some or all of the following rights: the right to legal or safe abortion, the right to control one's reproductive functions, the right to access quality reproductive healthcare, and the right to
11742:
3552:
Party (the Zhenotdel) persuaded the Bolsheviks to legalise abortion (as a 'temporary measure'). The Bolsheviks legalised abortion in November 1920. This was the first time in world history that women had won the right to free abortions in state hospitals.
3757:, although women's role was defined as that of a homemaker who had to largely avoid the public sphere in order to take care of the children, the legal rights over the children belonged to the father; until 1970 the husband could give a family's child to
8465:
4192:
3691:
1498:, which constituted her father, husband, older son or eventually the king as a last resort if she had no male relatives. A woman needed her mundold's permission to manage property but still could own her own lands and goods. Certain areas with
2119:
In the 18th century, the Russian orthodox church further got its authority over marriage and banned priests from granting divorce, even for severely abused wives. By 1818, the Russian senate had also forbade the separation of married couples.
2323:
From the mid-20th century the status of women improved greatly. Although Japan is often considered a very conservative country, it was in fact earlier than many European countries in giving women legal rights in the 20th century, as the 1947
2186:
during the 19th and early 20th centuries focused on increasing women's role in public life, with goals including women's suffrage, increased property rights, increased access to education, and recognition of women as "persons" under the law.
2087:, Krista Lysack's literary analysis of 19th-century contemporary literature claims through her resources' reflection of common contemporary norms, "Victorian femininity as characterized by self-renunciation and the regulation of appetite."
5016:
2021:
We are continually told that civilization and Christianity have restored to the woman her just rights. Meanwhile, the wife is the actual bondservant of her husband; no less so, as far as the legal obligation goes, than slaves commonly so
4909:
also condemn systematic rape as well as murder, sexual slavery, and forced pregnancy, as the "violations of the fundamental principles of international human rights and humanitarian law." and require a particularly effective response.
2882:
states that a wife must obey her husband and must not get out of the home without his consent. Even in countries which do not have legal restrictions, women's movement may be prevented in practice by social and religious norms such as
1666:
depicted witches as diabolical conspirators who worshipped Satan and were primarily women. Culture and art at the time depicted these witches as seductive and evil, further fuelling moral panic in fusion with rhetoric from the Church.
1424:
The English Church and culture in the Middle Ages regarded women as weak, irrational, vulnerable to temptation, and constantly needing to be kept in check. This was reflected on the Christian culture in England through the story of
987:
Although women had to answer to their fathers in legal matters, they were free of his direct scrutiny in their daily lives, and their husbands had no legal power over them. When a woman's father died, she became legally emancipated
1553:, and she exercised all the rights afforded to the head of a family clan, such as the right to demand and receive fines for the slaughter of a family member, unless she married, by which her rights were transferred to her husband.
1691:
In areas governed by Roman-based written laws, women were under male guardianship in matters involving property and law, with fathers overseeing daughters, husbands overseeing wives and uncles or male relatives overseeing widows.
3662:, was common historically, and still occurs in parts of the world. In the 20th century, state-mandated forced marriage with the aim of increasing the population was practiced by some authoritarian governments, notably during the
4392:: "14. Polygamous marriage contravenes a woman's right to equality with men, and can have such serious emotional and financial consequences for her and her dependents that such marriages ought to be discouraged and prohibited."
4369:(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
1124:
Couple clasping hands in marriage, idealized by Romans as the building block of society and as a partnership of companions who work together to produce and rear children, manage everyday affairs, lead exemplary lives, and enjoy
1862:, for example, thought that it was the order of nature for women to obey men. He wrote "Women do wrong to complain of the inequality of man-made laws" and claimed that "when she tries to usurp our rights, she is our inferior".
494:
during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others, they are ignored and suppressed. They differ from broader notions of
3341:
In the 1960s, reproductive rights activists promoted women's right to bodily autonomy, with these social movements leading to the gain of legal access to contraception and abortion during the next decades in many countries.
1502:
inheritance laws until the 7th century were favorable to women while all other laws were not. Before the Christianization of Europe, there was little space for women's consent for marriage and marriage through purchase (or
4844:, the mayor of Taba Commune in Rwanda, established precedents that rape is an element of the crime of genocide. The Akayesu judgement includes the first interpretation and application by an international court of the 1948
2438:, access to professions and education, rather than political rights. To this day, Australia has a quite low percentage of women in business executive roles compared to other countries with equivalent corporate structures.
1746:
opposed marital inequality and the mistreatment of women during this time. He was well known for advocating for marital equality among the sexes in his work during the 17th century. According to a study published in the
2051:
gave men ownership rights at marriage or inheritance until the 19th century. Although male suffrage broadened during the century, women were explicitly prohibited from voting nationally and locally in the 1830s by the
9485:
4604:
4544:
4498:
10801:
4020:. Since June 2012, WfWI has been led by Afshan Khan, a long-time former executive with UNICEF who became WfWI's first new CEO since founder Zainab Salbi stepped down to devote more time to her writing and lecturing.
187:
2942:
social norms and power structures. Women's rights movements focus on ending discrimination against women. In this regard, the definition of discrimination itself is important. According to the jurisprudence of the
3955:, the highest accreditation an NGO can achieve at the United Nations. Currently, it is composed of 70 countries and has a headquarters in Lasaunne, Switzerland. International meetings are held every three years.
2320:, industrialization and urbanization reduced the authority of fathers and husbands, but at the same time the Meiji Civil Code of 1898 denied women legal rights and subjugated them to the will of household heads.
1434:(who was rather sympathetic to women over others) emphasized female obedience towards their men and described women as slippery, weak, untrustworthy, devious, deceitful and stubborn. The church also promoted the
9429:
2500:, a practice adopted from the late 19th century to the 1970s across many countries, including Austria, Australia, Ireland, Canada, and Switzerland, restricted married women from employment in many professions.
1836:
Starting in the late 18th century, and throughout the 19th century, rights, as a concept and claim, gained increasing political, social, and philosophical importance in Europe. Movements emerged which demanded
8473:
4088:
4035:
aimed at improving conditions for women, families, and communities. A federation of nationally organized societies of men and women and local and provincial councils of women, it is the Canadian member of the
1857:
and challenged notions that a privileged few should rule over the vast majority of the population, believed that these principles should be applied only to their own gender and their own race. The philosopher
3506:
also urges countries at paragraph 31 to In particular, repeal: a) Provisions that allow, tolerate or condone forms of gender based violence against women, including legislation that criminalises abortion".
10352:
3670:, which systematically forced people into marriages ordering them to have children, in order to increase the population and continue the revolution. Forced pregnancy is strongly connected to the custom of
2243:
1688:
were some improvements for women as opposed to ancient custom; for example, they could inherit in the absence of their brothers, do certain trades without their husbands, and widows could receive dower.
3421:
has become an arena for conflict between liberal and conservative values, raising questions about family, personal freedom, state intervention, religion in politics, sexual morality and social welfare.
904:
Roman law, similar to Athenian law, was created by men in favor of men. Women had no public voice and no public role, which only improved after the 1st century to the 6th century BCE. Freeborn women of
5007:
The Istanbul Convention requires countries which ratify it to prohibit forced marriage (Article 37) and to ensure that forced marriages can be easily voided without further victimization (Article 32).
2963:
as a form of discrimination against women; this is also the position of the Istanbul Convention which at Article 3 states that "violence against women" is understood as a violation of human rights and
1961:
All citizens including women are equally admissible to all public dignities, offices and employments, according to their capacity, and with no other distinction than that of their virtues and talents.
3141:, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, economic condition or birth, has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing equality of treatment in education". The
2425:
is a contradictory one: while Australia led the world in women's suffrage rights in the 19th century, it has been very slow in recognizing women's professional rights – it was not until 1966 that its
1072:
were slaves, though some slaves were protected from forced prostitution by a clause in their sales contract. A free woman who worked as a prostitute or entertainer lost her social standing and became
12131:
4256:
4213:
4188:
3091:, who was wrongfully committed in 1860 by her husband, and filed a lawsuit and won thereafter, highlighted the issue of wrongful involuntary commitment. Another activist was investigative journalist
2607:
3122:
11182:
Bawah, Ayaga Agula; Akweongo, Patricia; Simmons, Ruth; Phillips, James F. (March 1999). "Women's Fears and Men's Anxieties: The Impact of Family Planning on Gender Relations in Northern Ghana".
693:
suggest that women were educated in the early Vedic period. Rigvedic verses suggest that women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their own husbands in a practice called
13702:
8496:"Statement on International women's day by UN Resident Coordinator in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Mr. Norimasa Shimomura and Representative of UN Women in Central Asia Mrs. Elaine Conkievich"
4863:. Now it will be considered a war crime. We want to send out a strong message that rape is no longer a trophy of war." An estimated 500,000 women were raped during the 1994 Rwandan Genocide.
3351:
4997:(i) A woman, without the right to refuse, is promised or given in marriage on payment of a consideration in money or in kind to her parents, guardian, family or any other person or group; or
2005:'s attempt to replace the term 'man' with 'person', i.e. give women the right to vote. Caption: Mill's Logic: Or, Franchise for Females. "Pray clear the way, there, for these – a – persons."
1205:
involved the alteration of the bone structure so that the feet were only about four inches long. The bound feet caused difficulty in movement, thus greatly limiting the activities of women.
8952:
1680:
to trials just for offering remedies or herbal medicine. This set of developed myths eventually lead to the 16–17th century witch trials which found thousands of women burned at the stake.
2617:
gave women the right to vote in the early 20th century – Finland (1906), Norway (1913), Denmark and Iceland (1915). With the end of the First World War many other countries followed – the
1949:
1591:
It was also socially acceptable for a free woman to cohabit with a man and have children with him without marrying him, even if that man was married; a woman in such a position was called
14012:
13622:
4845:
2328:
provided a legal framework favorable to the advancement of women's equality in Japan. Japan for instance enacted women's suffrage in 1946, earlier than several European countries such as
7115:
1454:
In Irish law, women were forbidden to act as witnesses in courts. In Welsh law, women's testimony could be accepted towards other women but not against men, but Welsh laws, specifically
984:, when a woman remained under her father's authority by law even when she moved into her husband's home. This arrangement was one of the factors in the independence Roman women enjoyed.
659:. Landed property descended in the female line from mother to daughter, and women were entitled to administer their own property. Women in ancient Egypt could buy, sell, be a partner in
12473:
7889:
Brody, Miriam. Mary Wollstonecraft: Sexuality and women's rights (1759–1797), in Spender, Dale (ed.) Feminist theorists: Three centuries of key women thinkers, Pantheon 1983, pp. 40–59
6392:(University of Chicago Press, 2002), p. 300; Sabine MacCormack, "Sin, Citizenship, and the Salvation of Souls: The Impact of Christian Priorities on Late-Roman and Post-Roman Society",
2955:), or through acknowledging a specific historical context. For example, acts of violence committed by men against women do not happen in a vacuum, but are part of a social context: in
15010:
14451:
10185:"Keynote speech by Mr. Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights at the Conference on "Education for Peace" Palais des Nations, Geneva, 14 January 2015"
2071:
By the 1860s, the economic sexual politics of middle-class women in Britain and its neighboring Western European countries was guided by factors such as the evolution of 19th century
1354:. By providing that the wife, not her family, would receive a dowry from the husband, which she could administer as her personal property, the Qur'an made women a legal party to the
1797:
A paternal society can find prefer to make women's rights a man's duty, for instance under English common law husbands had to maintain their wives. This duty was abolished in 2010.
835:
thought that women would bring disorder and evil, therefore it was best to keep women separate from the rest of the society. This separation would entail living in a room called a
12106:
12080:
6237:
121 (1991), p. 342; Nussbaum, "The Incomplete Feminism of Musonius Rufus", p. 305, noting that custom "allowed much latitude for personal negotiation and gradual social change";
4388:
is a controversial practice, prevalent in some parts of the world. The general recommendations made by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, state in
3152:
While women's right to access to academic education is recognized as very important, it is increasingly recognized that academic education must be supplemented with education on
14206:
13116:
4852:
ethnic group and that the rape was systematic and had been perpetrated against Tutsi women only, manifesting the specific intent required for those acts to constitute genocide.
4638:
14211:
14191:
14181:
13942:
8596:
4321:
3612:
of young girls, leading to an increased risk of complications in pregnancy or childbirth. Such complications are a leading cause of death among girls in developing countries.
3142:
9758:
9492:
9262:
Braukman, Stacy Lorraine; Ross, Michael A. (Michael Anthony) (2000). "Married Women's Property and Male Coercion: United States Courts and the Privy Examination, 1864–1887".
8778:
14201:
14196:
14186:
14176:
12614:. April 2005, co-funded by The Netherlands Ministry for Development Co-Operation. See section "12.52 Crimes against humanity", p. 201. He references RSICC/C, Vol. 1, p. 360.
10794:
8540:
12557:
10070:
1004:, a husband had no right to abuse his wife physically or compel her to have sex. Wife beating was sufficient grounds for divorce or other legal action against the husband.
14837:
14241:
14236:
14231:
14226:
14221:
3482:
3005:
1929:
1915:
1849:. In the late 18th century the question of women's rights became central to political debates in both France and Britain. At the time some of the greatest thinkers of the
12583:
965:("legal right of three children") granted symbolic honors and legal privileges to a woman who had given birth to three children and freed her from any male guardianship.
14216:
10761:
13197:
9437:
5664:
1986:, started to use the language of rights in relation to women, arguing that women should have greater opportunity because like men, they were moral and rational beings.
13212:
13202:
593:
them for mild infractions, and a divorced husband could easily remarry another woman, provided that his first wife had borne him no offspring. Female deities, such as
3137:
prohibits discrimination in education, with discrimination being defined as "any distinction, exclusion, limitation or preference which, being based on race, colour,
14139:
13128:
4918:
4336:
and the Vatican City, which are non-member states, have also not ratified it. The latest state to become a party to the convention is South Sudan, on 30 April 2015.
2898:
in the modern era, where women are required to seek permission from the male family member for several things, including traveling to other nations. In August 2019,
1160:
at the end of the 9th century made third marriages punishable. The same constitutions made the benediction of a priest a necessary part of the ceremony of marriage.
4332:, it came into force on 3 September 1981. The UN member states that have not ratified the convention are Iran, Palau, Somalia, Sudan, Tonga, and the United States.
1965:
De Gouges also draws attention to the fact that under French law women were fully punishable, yet denied equal rights. She was subsequently sent to the guillotine.
14143:
14135:
13647:
10360:
5300:
4629:
3686:
11979:
9731:
9043:
Krolokke, Charlotte and Anne Scott Sorensen, 'From Suffragettes to Grrls' in Gender Communication Theories and Analyses: From Silence to Performance (Sage, 2005).
8079:
Lysack, Krista. Come buy, come buy: shopping and the culture of consumption in Victorian women's writing. n.p.: Athens : Ohio University Press, c2008., 2008.
3448:
Access to abortion services varies considerably throughout the world, with the status of related rights being an active and major political topic in many nations.
2226:
After Canada's Supreme Court summarized its unanimous decision that women are not such "persons", the judgment was appealed and overturned in 1929 by the British
1478:
suggested that women in these societies were valued mostly for their breeding purposes. The Wergild of woman was double that of a man with the same status in the
14966:
14557:
14072:
9841:
5152:
1417:
Women's rights were protected already by the early Medieval Christian Church: one of the first formal legal provisions for the right of wives was promulgated by
1157:
961:
11772:
7832:
7540:, cited by Campbell, Joseph in, Myth, religion, and mother-right: selected writings of JJ Bachofen. Manheim, R (trans.) Princeton, N.J. 1967 introduction xxxiii
3048:
is defined by the World Health Organization as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity".
14480:
14428:
14131:
13642:
13627:
13192:
3265:
1675:
strongly established the link between witchcraft and women by proclaiming a greater likelihood for women to be addicted to "evil". The authors and inquisitors
1671:
originate from the Jewish Sabbath which described non-supernatural women who would suspiciously leave and return home swiftly during the night. Authors of the
12681:
4637:
that women have a right to be free from violence. As a consequence of the resolution, in 1999, the General Assembly declared the day of 25 November to be the
1156:. Second marriages were discouraged, especially by making it legal to impose a condition that a widow's right to property should cease on remarriage, and the
14127:
8088:
Rappaport, Erika Diane. Shopping for pleasure: women in the making of London's West End. n.p.: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, c2000., 2000.
2807:
8696:
15042:
14446:
12877:
11092:
10164:
9185:
5188:
4558:
3335:. The Istanbul Convention recognizes these two rights at Article 38 – Female genital mutilation and Article 39 – Forced abortion and forced sterilisation.
261:
9862:
4348:
It also establishes an agenda of action for putting an end to sex-based discrimination for which states ratifying the convention are required to enshrine
14009:
13322:
3869:
3718:, women had few, if any, rights, being under the control of the husband or male relatives. Legal concepts that existed throughout the centuries, such as
3608:
Child marriage is a practice which is widespread across the world, and is often connected to poverty and gender inequality. Child marriage endangers the
2471:
1941:
1933:
1078:, "disreputable"; by making her body publicly available, she had in effect surrendered her right to be protected from sexual abuse or physical violence.
8565:
820:, both in principle and in practice. Slaves could become Athenian citizens after being freed, but no woman ever acquired citizenship in ancient Athens.
15052:
14842:
14463:
14121:
9596:
9019:
7275:: Makalösa kvinnor: könsöverskridare i myt och verklighet (Marvelous women : gender benders in myth and reality) Alfabeta/Anamma, Stockholm 2002.
7254:: Makalösa kvinnor: könsöverskridare i myt och verklighet (Marvelous women : gender benders in myth and reality) Alfabeta/Anamma, Stockholm 2002.
3180:
had advanced degrees in medicine and anthropology, given that he was capable of committing the most inhuman crimes? Eight of the 15 people who planned
11479:
6461:
The chief differences between canon and Roman law were in the law of marriage... The benediction of a priest was made a necessary part of the ceremony
4242:
Kurdistani Iraqi women, and Iranian women used this movement, in 2021 and 2022 Iran mainly the motto was used in 8 month of anti government uprising.
1599:
applied different laws depending on the local county law, signifying that the status of women could vary depending on which county she was living in.
13790:
13652:
13207:
3396:. The birth control movement advocated for contraception so as to permit sexual intercourse as desired without the risk of pregnancy. By emphasizing
3173:
555:
3994:(ERA). This amendment stated that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of
2434:
Western Australia) unlike other cultures, such as Eastern European cultures, where at the turn of the 20th century the feminist movement focused on
776:
at the time. However, after the Archaic age, legislators began to enact laws enforcing gender segregation, resulting in decreased rights for women.
16168:
14106:
13637:
13537:
8748:
5032:
4878:
4128:
8959:
6670:
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2368:
higher earners as result. The UN Development Programme notes "significant progress" in gender equality in Kazakhstan but discrimination persists.
14832:
13632:
11847:"Review & Appraisal of the Beijing Platform for Action. The Outcome document of the 23rd special session of the General Assembly, March 2005"
7864:
4977:
4463:
3976:
3706:. Violence against women is considered by the World Health Organization "a major public health problem and a violation of women's human rights."
1216:
and earlier Chinese governments, women were legally bought and sold into slavery under the guise of domestic servants. These women were known as
738:
Respectable Athenian women were expected to involve themselves in domestic tasks such as washing clothes (left); in reality, many worked (right).
11274:
589:
could buy, own, sell, and inherit property. They could engage in commerce, and testify in court as witnesses. Nonetheless, their husbands could
15923:
14340:
14101:
13697:
11914:
8264:"Henrietta Muir Edwards and others (Appeal No. 121 of 1928) v The Attorney General of Canada (Canada) [1929] UKPC 86 (18 October 1929)"
7123:
5060:
3891:
3134:
12480:
11148:
3805:, and honor killings were also historically common in this region, and "there have been acts of 'honour' killings within living memory within
3750:
for women, without whom women cannot exercise civil rights. Other harmful practices include marriage of young girls, often to much older men.
15631:
15047:
12519:
9459:
1490:
and Repuarian legal codes for women of child-bearing age, which constituted from 12 to 40 years old. One of the most Germanic codes from the
9211:
2743:, under colonial rule, universal suffrage was granted in 1935. Other Asian countries gave women the right to vote in the mid-20th century –
2284:
2260:, "the WCTU became the largest women's organization of its day and is now the oldest continuing women's organization in the United States."
14826:
13582:
13572:
13567:
13297:
10960:
9054:
8666:
7929:
7720:
5487:
4727:
equality between women and men is a key element in the prevention of violence against women". The convention also provides a definition of
2909:, the custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young Chinese girls, which was common between the 10th and 20th centuries.
499:
through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys.
9379:
3392:
acceptable in Britain during the 1920s by framing it in scientific terms. Stopes assisted emerging birth control movements in a number of
2116:
reinforced women's responsibility to obey their husbands. By 1832, the Digest of laws changed this obligation into "unlimited obedience".
14345:
13602:
13587:
13522:
13512:
13342:
13217:
11880:
Catagay, N., Grown, C. and Santiago, A. 1986. "The Nairobi Women's Conference: Toward a Global Feminism?" Feminist Studies, 12, 2:401–12.
11505:
9331:
8930:
5000:(ii) The husband of a woman, his family, or his clan, has the right to transfer her to another person for value received or otherwise; or
3968:
3464:. There are also countries where the law is liberal, but in practice it is very difficult to have an abortion, due to most doctors being
1000:
she brought into the marriage. Girls had equal inheritance rights with boys if their father died without leaving a will. Under classical
794:. Until marriage, women were under the guardianship of their father or another male relative. Once married, the husband became a woman's
12110:
12084:
11534:
10860:
6455:
3149:
Access to education for women remains limited in some parts of the world. Almost two-thirds of the world's illiterate adults are women.
14637:
14493:
14485:
13672:
13457:
13442:
13272:
13257:
12505:
12031:
10102:
7777:
4906:
4829:
4745:
4453:
4421:
4132:
3952:
2039:
cause of the British women's movement at the beginning of the 20th century. At the time, the ability to vote was restricted to wealthy
1145:
power of those who were friendly toward the clergy. The appointment of mothers and grandmothers as tutors was sanctioned by Justinian.
949:, women of the emperor's family could acquire considerable political power and were regularly depicted in official art and on coinage.
874:
argued for equality of the sexes, sexual inequality being in their view contrary to the laws of nature. In doing so, they followed the
12345:
11794:
8537:
2582:
1919 election poster, German social democrats. "Frauen! Gleiche Rechte, Gleiche Pflichten" ("Women! The same rights, the same duties")
15025:
14042:
14037:
13677:
13592:
13472:
13397:
13377:
13372:
13242:
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4196:
3990:(NOW) was created in 1966 with the purpose of bringing about equality for all women. NOW was one important group that fought for the
3486:
3444:
12728:
10613:
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8600:
4951:
intrinsic part of war. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia found three Bosnian Serb men guilty of rape of
2810:. Courts in the 19th-century United States also continued to require privy examinations of married women who sold their property. A
15576:
15037:
14397:
14086:
13692:
13617:
13527:
13482:
13427:
13347:
13307:
13287:
9403:
8782:
5765:
5632:
10209:
9765:
8804:
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7693:
2146:
Under the Bolsheviks, Russia became the first country in human history to provide free abortions to women in state-run hospitals.
1822:; The woman, victim of male social conventions, is tied to the wall, made to sew and guarded by governesses. The picture reflects
276:
13744:
13714:
13682:
13667:
13557:
13517:
13502:
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13367:
13302:
13282:
13277:
13262:
13247:
13237:
13232:
13222:
12561:
11365:
10077:
3064:, accounting for more than 300,000 deaths per year, most of them in developing countries. Certain traditional practices, such as
2227:
1636:
933:, or serve in the military. Women of the upper classes exercised political influence through marriage and motherhood. During the
12587:
12451:
9138:
8580:
3384:, who was mainly active in the US but had gained an international reputation by the 1930s. The British birth control campaigner
2139:
Russian women had restrictions in owning property until the mid 18th century. Women's rights had improved after the rise of the
810:
had the right to dispose of a woman's property. Athenian women could only enter into a contract worth less than the value of a "
16145:
14314:
13662:
13657:
13612:
13562:
13547:
13532:
13492:
13477:
13452:
13417:
13352:
13312:
13292:
13227:
13167:
12928:
12401:"A/RES/48/104 – Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women – UN Documents: Gathering a body of global agreements"
10116:
9894:
9521:"A/RES/48/104 – Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women – UN Documents: Gathering a body of global agreements"
8903:
O'Leary, Eoin (1987). "The Irish National Teachers' Organisation and the Marriage Bar for Women National Teachers, 1933-1958".
4320:
adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) for legal implementation of the
4228:
found that women have full legal rights to men in only six countries: Belgium, Denmark, France, Latvia, Luxembourg and Sweden.
3730:, kept women under the strict control of their husbands. Restrictions from marriage laws also extended to public life, such as
2035:
14385:
12607:
12323:
12300:
11957:
4316:, adopted in 1948, enshrines "the equal rights of men and women", and addressed both equality and equity issues. In 1979, the
1421:
in 506, which in Canon XVI stipulated that if a young married man wished to be ordained, he required the consent of his wife.
16462:
15933:
15748:
14642:
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9099:
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8247:
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5274:
5237:
5167:
4715:
The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, also known as the
4362:
4313:
4184:
4131:. Originally as the Section on the Status of Women, Human Rights Division, Department of Social Affairs, and now part of the
2970:
There are different views on where it is appropriate to differentiate between women and men, and one view is that the act of
2823:
laws, which gave sole control of marital property to the husband, were common until a few decades ago. The Supreme Court, in
2767:(1960). In many countries in the Middle East universal suffrage was acquired after World War II, although in others, such as
2249:
2107:
By law and custom, Muscovite Russia was a patriarchal society that subordinated women to men, and the young to their elders.
11453:
11017:
4644:
Article 2 of The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women outlines several forms of violence against women:
4549:
The Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women, better known as the
1588:
may indicate that at least some women in military authority existed. A married woman could divorce her husband and remarry.
1057:
16560:
16530:
14436:
14116:
13994:
13552:
13542:
13407:
13402:
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12658:
11631:
Helene Stöcker (2015): Lebenserinnerungen, hg. von Reinhold Lütgeeier-Davin u. Kerstin Wolff. Köln: Böhlau, 93, pp. 100–01.
10644:
5112:
4377:(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
3983:
soon followed suit with an agreement to ensure that discrimination laws would be phased out across the European Community.
3038:
2221:
1973:
1828:
1763:
1759:
1093:
121:
11431:
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3746:
were, and still are to this day in some parts of the world, very common. Some countries continue to require to this day a
16577:
16535:
16285:
16120:
15694:
14575:
14519:
14468:
14091:
14032:
13974:
13252:
5383:
5122:
4466:, the first formal and legal document from the United Nations Security Council that requires all states to fully respect
4024:
3655:
3436:, were first discussed as a subset of human rights at the United Nation's 1968 International Conference on Human Rights.
1531:, women had a relatively free status in the Nordic countries of Sweden, Denmark and Norway, illustrated in the Icelandic
1169:
1074:
1047:, which had been a private family matter under the Republic, was criminalized, and defined broadly as an illicit sex act
432:
217:
11764:
11313:
11039:
10511:"Council of Europe – Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CETS No. 210)"
8623:
7796:
6775:
4988:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery
3338:
Reproductive rights are understood as rights of both men and women, but are most frequently advanced as women's rights.
2099:, and added efficiency for household roles women were deemed responsible for, such as cleaning, childcare, and cooking.
15285:
15020:
15015:
14875:
14458:
14111:
14081:
14027:
14004:
13823:
13267:
13069:
8449:
8424:
8353:
7409:
7228:
7059:
7023:
6550:
5314:
4576:
The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, better known as the
3582:. This treatment is regarded as a violation of woman's rights. It also has the effect of preventing women from seeking
3418:
12377:
11677:
10184:
9838:
8984:
Baker, Michael; Milligan, Kevin (October 2008). "How Does Job-Protected Maternity Leave Affect Mothers' Employment?".
3544:
Russia was the first country to legalise abortions and offer free medical care in state hospitals to do so. After the
2578:
1731:
was a natural order that had always existed. This perception was not seriously challenged until the 18th century when
1248:
legally be sold to landlords. The official slogan was "Men and women are equal; everyone is worth his (or her) salt".
16550:
15569:
15137:
15085:
14570:
13780:
13074:
12887:
12331:
8862:
8326:
8297:
8187:
8157:
7894:
7828:
7610:
7379:
7342:
7280:
7259:
7188:
7156:
7099:
6860:
6167:
5531:
5439:
5432:
5338:
4099:
4072:
3964:
2887:. Laws restricting women from travelling existed until relatively recently in some Western countries: until 1983, in
2068:
led the public campaign on women's suffrage and in 1918 a bill was passed allowing women over the age of 30 to vote.
1351:
1232:
1198:
622:
laws, however, afforded women the same right to divorce as men, requiring them to pay the same fine. The majority of
126:
15438:
11703:
10908:
8343:
7985:
5827:
3476:
Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: domestic violence
655:
In ancient Egypt, women enjoyed the same rights under the law as a man, however rightful entitlements depended upon
16012:
15586:
14990:
14922:
14498:
14299:
14258:
14017:
13947:
12678:
7810:
7649:
5117:
5092:
4427:
4155:
551:
458:
14096:
12259:
Denmark has signed and ratified the Istanbul Convention, but it does not apply to Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
3570:
is a recently identified global problem and a basic violation of a woman's rights. Abuse during childbirth is the
3452:
Women's reproductive rights may be understood as including the right to easy access to a safe and legal abortion.
3264:. Reproductive rights were endorsed by the twenty-year Cairo Programme of Action which was adopted in 1994 at the
2951:
or other legal protections surrounding pregnancy and childbirth (to take into account the biological realities of
15062:
14985:
14534:
14441:
14170:
14047:
13964:
13937:
13099:
13028:
13018:
11100:
10986:
9680:
8700:
5157:
4554:
4459:
4317:
4200:
3987:
3806:
3080:
2771:, suffrage is very limited. On 16 May 2005, the Parliament of Kuwait extended suffrage to women by a 35–23 vote.
2057:
1723:
believed that men and women were equal. Many Quaker women were preachers. Despite relatively greater freedom for
1213:
1193:
Women throughout historical and ancient China were considered inferior and had subordinate legal status based on
93:
83:
17:
9237:
9189:
7759:
4968:
pregnancy, the prison officials aborted many children by either beating the women or making them do hard labor.
4426:
The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (VDPA) is a human rights declaration adopted by consensus at the
2296:
has varied over time and social classes. In the 8th century, Japan had women emperors, and in the 12th century (
1990:
wrote in a similar vein in "A Letter to the Women of England, on the Injustice of Mental Subordination.", 1799.
1580:; and as merchants and medicine women. They may also have been active within military office: the stories about
1148:
The restrictions on the marriage of senators and other men of high rank with women of low rank were extended by
16452:
16130:
16091:
16027:
15888:
15366:
15067:
14595:
13969:
13927:
13911:
13487:
13437:
11825:"Saudi Feminist Wajeha Al-Huweidar: The Campaign for Women's Right to Drive Saudi Arabia Is Just the Beginning"
11798:
9869:
8216:
5792:
5548:
4471:
4467:
4037:
3932:
3499:
3456:
vary from a full prohibition (the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Malta, Nicaragua, the Vatican) to countries
2944:
2626:
2528:(EU) the policies vary significantly by country, but the EU members must abide by the minimum standards of the
2422:
1662:
12144:
4353:
eliminate all forms of discrimination practiced against women by individuals, organizations, and enterprises.
3761:
without the consent of his wife. Until 1975, women in Spain needed their husband's permission (referred to as
3600:
3068:, also affect women's health. Worldwide, young women and adolescent girls are the population most affected by
16525:
16515:
16457:
16032:
15005:
14995:
14678:
14022:
13999:
13989:
13954:
13123:
9967:
5409:
4611:
on 11 May 2011. As of June 2020, the treaty has been signed by 45/47 Council of Europe member states and the
4550:
4536:
4490:
4140:
4095:
4001:
3921:
3747:
3176:, who stressed the importance of human rights education for all children: "What good was it to humanity that
2895:
1240:
1135:
816:
of barley" (a measure of grain), allowing women to engage in petty trading. Women were excluded from ancient
12779:
10734:
10704:
10674:
10320:
10290:
10263:
10236:
9645:
para 200: "he Court considers that the violence suffered by the applicant and her mother may be regarded as
5605:
5578:
3491:
General recommendation No. 35 on gender based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19
3010:
General recommendation No. 35 on gender based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19
2483:. The rights of women and men to have equal pay and equal benefits for equal work were openly denied by the
1393:. Women were not accorded such legal status in other cultures until centuries later. According to Professor
1044:
16565:
16490:
16345:
15698:
15648:
15641:
15206:
15030:
15000:
14647:
14590:
14052:
13984:
13979:
13959:
13577:
13187:
13033:
8538:
Women, marriage, and the nation-state: the rise of nonconsensual bride kidnapping in post-Soviet Kazakhstan
5137:
5097:
4882:
4173:
3320:
3116:
2252:(WCTU) was established in 1873 and championed women's rights, including advocating for prostitutes and for
1632:
1371:
1069:
922:
98:
11252:
8576:
4486:
3781:, due to the extreme legal and social differences between the way female and male adultery was treated in
1012:
16555:
16500:
16495:
16392:
16377:
16367:
15990:
15591:
15057:
14821:
14731:
14702:
14617:
14540:
14412:
13881:
13775:
13023:
12679:
Bosnia and Herzegovina : Foca verdict – rape and sexual enslavement are crimes against humanity
12169:
11738:
11588:
10387:
Cook, Rebecca J.; Fathalla, Mahmoud F. (1996). "Advancing Reproductive Rights Beyond Cairo and Beijing".
6514:
4705:(c) Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.
4160:
3980:
3903:
3277:
2183:
1585:
1511:). However Christianity was slow to reach other Baltic and Scandinavian areas with it only reaching King
479:
244:
239:
88:
16703:
8756:
8390:
3207:
3184:
at Wannsee in 1942 held PhDs. They shone academically, and yet they were profoundly toxic to the world.
16649:
16636:
16115:
16007:
14548:
13861:
12921:
12901:
11584:
9989:
9215:
8628:
6685:
6574:
6318:
5360:
5087:
3882:
3478:
urged states to guarantee access to "safe abortion where such services are permitted by national law".
2796:
2586:
During the 19th century, some women began to ask for, demand, and then agitate and demonstrate for the
2529:
1806:
968:
In the earliest period of the Roman Republic, a bride passed from her father's control into the "hand"
860:
649:
172:
116:
9945:
8723:
8674:
7537:
6273:(Yale University Press, 1992, 2002, originally published 1988 in Italian), p. 104; Catherine Edwards,
2590:– the right to participate in their government and its law-making. Other women opposed suffrage, like
2300:) women in Japan occupied a relatively high status, although still subordinated to men. From the late
1101:
secretaries. The woman who achieved the greatest prominence in the ancient world for her learning was
16305:
15938:
15606:
15445:
14365:
14355:
14335:
14148:
12425:
12191:
11908:
8124:
8118:
7447:
7441:
6489:
6483:
6420:
6414:
5869:
5863:
5711:
5162:
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4597:
4443:
all forms of discrimination on grounds of sex are priority objectives of the international community.
3826:
3703:
3692:
Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence
3324:
3225:
3087:, often at the request of husbands and male relatives. A notable activist against such practices was
3065:
2755:(1955). In Africa, women generally got the right to vote along with men through universal suffrage –
2715:
In Latin America some countries gave women the right to vote in the first half of the 20th century –
2574:
Headquarters of the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, United States, early 20th century
1783:
Other philosophers have also made statements regarding women's rights during this time. For example,
1596:
1355:
1339:
1317:
1305:
1117:, who may have been implicated in her violent death in the year 415 at the hands of a Christian mob.
779:
407:
31:
9238:"Married Women's Property Acts (United States [1839]) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia"
9163:
6102:
Woodhull, Margaret L., "Matronly Patrons in the Early Roman Empire: The Case of Salvia Postuma", in
4168:
and the empowerment of women". The same commitment was reaffirmed by all U.N. member nations at the
3291:
and expressing a desire for women's emancipation. Advocates for voluntary motherhood disapproved of
16572:
16510:
16505:
16407:
16203:
16140:
15703:
15504:
15460:
15433:
15280:
15191:
14294:
14248:
11157:
10886:
10007:
8552:
5829:
The Stoic Tradition from Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages: Stoicism in classical Latin literature
5147:
5127:
4925:
and Violations of the Laws or Customs of War. Specifically, it was recognised that Muslim women in
4898:
4859:
said in a statement after the verdict: "From time immemorial, rape has been regarded as one of the
2533:
2188:
2168:
892:
610:
527:
12523:
12192:"General recommendations made by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women"
12006:
10008:"Declared Insane for Speaking up: The Dark American History of Silencing Women Through Psychiatry"
8012:
6807:
4438:. This declaration recognizes women's rights as being protected human rights. Paragraph 18 reads:
1777:
Gender and Good Governance in John Locke, American Journal of Social Issues & Humanities Vol 2
1617:
663:, be executors in wills and witnesses to legal documents, bring court action, and adopt children.
16412:
16372:
16125:
16081:
16074:
15416:
14816:
14808:
14752:
14657:
14330:
14279:
14253:
13765:
13162:
12238:
11864:
11122:
10964:
10510:
6007:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987), pp. 140–41; J.P. Sullivan, "Martial's Sexual Attitudes",
5741:
5072:
4902:
4872:
4860:
3685:
is, collectively, violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women. The UN
3567:
3562:
3465:
2980:
2429:
was removed. On the other hand, reforms which allowed women both to vote and stand for office in
2212:
2010:
1394:
1149:
918:
10138:
4373:(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
2837:
1189:
between the 10th century and the early 20th century. The image shows an X-ray of two bound feet.
16520:
16220:
16135:
15985:
15913:
15848:
15828:
15818:
15793:
15783:
15344:
15213:
15169:
15112:
14950:
14868:
14736:
14708:
14564:
13816:
13709:
13172:
13111:
13094:
13002:
10826:
Duncan, Stephanie Kirchgaessner Pamela; Nardelli, Alberto; Robineau, Delphine (11 March 2016).
8239:
8233:
5523:
5192:
5142:
4960:
4914:
4799:
4763:
4759:
4671:
and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence and violence related to
4651:
Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following:
4633:
4403:
3991:
3825:) committed against unfaithful wives illustrates these norms, which were also supported by the
3765:) for many activities, including employment, traveling away from home, and property ownership.
3682:
3495:
2960:
2905:
Various practices have been used historically to restrict women's freedom of movement, such as
2867:
areas – 1848 lithograph by James Rattray, Oriental and India Office Collection, British Library
2788:
2591:
2414:
2316:, spelled out expectations for Japanese women, lowering significantly their status. During the
2216:
2208:
1704:
1524:
sex with them through force or without consent usually had no legal consequence or punishment.
1486:
legal codes. The Wergild of a woman meanwhile was triple that of a man with the same status in
1435:
635:
327:
12269:
9335:
7013:
5017:
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children
2700:
In Canada, most provinces enacted women's suffrage between 1917 and 1919, late adopters being
2570:
16590:
16310:
16270:
16260:
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16064:
16017:
15975:
15636:
15596:
15307:
15270:
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3771:
3659:
3185:
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2792:
2369:
2333:
2325:
1880:
1859:
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and recognizing women's full personhood. Women generally gained greater rights than women in
1102:
887:
875:
490:
worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the
412:
352:
212:
207:
142:
11802:
9306:
8466:"Beyond the Glass Ceiling: Expanding Female Leadership in Mongolian Politics and Businesses"
6459:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 782–788, see page 783.
3975:
of 1973, until 1975 when the first British Sex Discrimination Act, an Equal Pay Act, and an
2874:
is an essential right, recognized by international instruments, including Article 15 (4) of
2598:
that women could achieve legal and economic equality without having the vote. The ideals of
16432:
16387:
16357:
16340:
16330:
16178:
16098:
16086:
16022:
15995:
15877:
15798:
15778:
15728:
15581:
15297:
15245:
14934:
14917:
14907:
14744:
14713:
14652:
14506:
13876:
13104:
12953:
12751:"United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto"
12352:
11930:
11480:"Las leyes de Franco ampararon el derecho del marido a asesinar a su mujer por infidelidad"
10938:
10561:
5028:
4237:
3853:
3530:
3494:
girls seeking sexual and reproductive health information, goods and services, are forms of
3332:
2784:
2701:
2372:
remains a serious problem in this region; the practice of bride kidnapping is prevalent in
2231:
1987:
1850:
1374:, to administer the wealth she has brought into the family or has earned by her own work."
1110:
451:
387:
271:
182:
167:
162:
152:
47:
12032:"Women This Week: Iranian Government Continues Brutal Crackdown on "Women, Life, Freedom""
10621:
9112:
6633:
1507:) was actually the civil norm, as opposed to the alternative marriage through capture (or
1016:
standing. The rape of a slave could be prosecuted only as damage to her owner's property.
827:
women were also barred from becoming poets, scholars, politicians, or artists. During the
8:
16250:
16240:
16210:
16198:
16193:
16103:
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16054:
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14612:
14289:
13856:
13049:
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12343:
11641:
11040:"The prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth"
6990:
6247:
Roman Readings: Roman Response to Greek Literature from Plautus to Statius and Quintilian
5892:
5082:
4716:
4699:
4679:
4672:
4593:
4385:
4076:
4049:
4041:
3727:
3609:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3380:. The phrase "birth control" entered the English language in 1914 and was popularised by
3273:
3261:
3202:
2988:
2871:
2599:
2545:
2508:
2463:
2455:
2253:
2031:
1968:
1884:
1874:
1838:
1823:
1656:
1627:
1327:
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515:
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382:
322:
256:
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51:
9792:"Women's involvement in clinical trials: historical perspective and future implications"
9407:
8263:
4794:
as well as a civil assault. When part of a widespread and systematic practice, rape and
3474:
very difficult to have access to one is controversial; the UN in its 2017 resolution on
2819:, the law pertaining to rural farm succession favored male heirs until 1963. In the US,
2085:
Come Buy, Come Buy: Shopping and the Culture of Consumption in Victorian Women's Writing
39:
16687:
16437:
16427:
16417:
16402:
16397:
16382:
16335:
16315:
16290:
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16245:
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16039:
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15893:
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15559:
15396:
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14721:
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11890:
11535:"Real bridge-builder became Finland's first female government minister – thisisFINLAND"
10454:
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10213:
10047:
10022:
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9816:
9791:
9279:
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7566:
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6732:
6385:
5899:(Oxford University Press, 1979), pp. 211, 268; Bruce W. Frier and Thomas A. J. McGinn,
5516:
5403:
4934:
4922:
4783:
4779:
4103:
3979:
came into force. With encouragement from the UK government, the other countries of the
3967:
report, his equal pay for equal work bill, the creation of a Sex Discrimination Board,
3753:
In many legal systems, the husband had complete power over the family; for example, in
3545:
3511:
3457:
3405:
3257:
3157:
3108:
3099:, to expose the terrible conditions that mental patients at the time had to deal with.
3000:
2971:
2913:
restrictions on women's freedom of movement are framed as measures to "protect" women.
2728:
2603:
2128:
2065:
1983:
1870:
1846:
1700:
1386:
1382:
1363:
1286:
1268:
1085:
914:
828:
817:
698:
539:
422:
417:
347:
291:
249:
222:
11824:
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10437:
Freedman, Lynn P.; Isaacs, Stephen L. (1993). "Human Rights and Reproductive Choice".
5794:
Debating women's equality: toward a feminist theory of law from a European perspective
5550:
Debating women's equality: toward a feminist theory of law from a European perspective
5003:(iii) A woman on the death of her husband is liable to be inherited by another person;
3315:, discrimination, and violence. Reproductive rights may also be understood to include
2934:
The United Nations Working Group on business and human rights (WGBHR) has stated that
1019:
16626:
16483:
16362:
16325:
16320:
16300:
16295:
16265:
16230:
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12785:
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10680:
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10034:
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9087:
9060:
9005:
8858:
8847:
8445:
8420:
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8322:
8315:
8293:
8290:
Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law
8243:
8212:
8183:
8153:
8128:
8041:
7962:
7935:
7911:
7890:
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5428:
5334:
5310:
5304:
5270:
5233:
5102:
5036:
4963:, published on 28 July 2020, the women who traveled abroad were forcibly returned to
4856:
4841:
4837:
4733:
4728:
4695:
4691:
4608:
4169:
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3944:
3887:
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3169:
3088:
3049:
3017:
only on men is also used on women assuming that there are no biological differences.
2984:
2811:
2638:
2484:
2061:
1937:
1906:, was one of the most significant European feminists and advocates of women's rights.
1866:
1724:
1343:
1335:
1243:
was founded in the same year. In May 1950 the People's Republic of China enacted the
938:
910:
535:
491:
427:
392:
377:
281:
229:
202:
12872:
11506:"El adulterio fue delito en España hasta 1978, castigado con hasta 6 años de cárcel"
9898:
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3025:
16447:
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16352:
16280:
16275:
16235:
16188:
16163:
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15898:
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15718:
15683:
15601:
15521:
15489:
15450:
15423:
15386:
15322:
15292:
15228:
15223:
15201:
15181:
15122:
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14955:
14793:
14673:
14632:
14606:
14580:
14525:
14474:
14380:
14375:
14304:
13906:
13851:
13177:
12823:
12601:
12548:
12320:
12297:
12213:
11227:
11199:
11191:
10446:
10396:
10042:
9811:
9803:
9568:
9558:
9271:
8993:
7480:
6844:
6390:
The Sleep of Reason: Erotic Experience and Sexual Ethics in Ancient Greece and Rome
6343:
5694:
5067:
5054:
4894:
4823:
4811:
4755:
4655:(a) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including
4605:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence
4545:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence
4053:
3814:
3789:
in many cultures, with the former being subjected to severe punishments, up to the
3635:
3621:
3393:
3112:
3052:
refers to the health of women, which differs from that of men in many unique ways.
2614:
2504:
2503:
A key issue towards insuring gender equality in the workplace is the respecting of
2293:
2164:
2080:
2076:
2014:
2002:
1979:
1925:
1543:
laws. The paternal aunt, paternal niece and paternal granddaughter, referred to as
1512:
1479:
1431:
1347:
1313:
1244:
1106:
930:
824:
773:
503:
372:
15509:
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4929:(southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina) were subjected to systematic and widespread
4832:
established by the United Nations made landmark decisions that rape is a crime of
1956:
cartoon: A hypothetical female member foists her baby's care on the House Speaker.
1811:
1442:
16675:
16663:
16615:
16069:
15928:
15860:
15738:
15678:
15658:
15616:
15554:
15528:
15516:
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15401:
15349:
15312:
15233:
15196:
15132:
14600:
14274:
14062:
12881:
12685:
12611:
12327:
12304:
11918:
11610:
11339:
9845:
9732:"Joint United Nations statement on ending discrimination in health care settings"
8584:
8544:
8177:
8035:
7600:
7369:
7178:
7089:
6950:
6892:
6734:
Women's Rights and the Bible: Implications for Christian Ethics and Social Policy
6703:
6540:
4981:
4656:
4589:
4577:
4561:
have either signed and ratified or acceded to the Belém do Pará Convention; only
4540:
4494:
4475:
4349:
4165:
3960:
3899:
3895:
3802:
3754:
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3526:
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3381:
3359:
3328:
3308:
3219:
3165:
3121:
3057:
2948:
2891:
the passport application of a married woman had to be authorized by her husband.
2820:
2516:
2512:
2430:
2410:
2257:
2204:
2172:
2108:
2053:
1936:
of 1789. The Declaration is ironic in formulation and exposes the failure of the
1903:
1676:
1418:
1260:
1097:
945:
were noted as exemplary women who advanced the careers of their sons. During the
710:
682:
606:
598:
511:
444:
397:
367:
337:
332:
234:
12897:
12703:"Human rights report details 'heartbreaking' accounts of women detained in DPRK"
12662:
11724:"Women for Women International Names Afshan Khan New CEO." PrWeb, 30 April 2012.
8749:"曾參與二戰及香港保衛戰華裔夫婦.加美軍方墓前致最高敬意_星島日報_加拿大多倫多中文新聞網。 Canada Toronto Chinese newspaper"
8369:
6623:
Rebecca Chan Chung, Deborah Chung and Cecilia Ng Wong, "Piloted to Serve", 2012.
4474:
applicable to the rights and protection of women and girls during and after the
2815:
in many European countries until legal reforms of the 1960-70s. For example, in
2795:, in the United States and Britain began to challenge laws that denied them the
1707:
in Europe allowed more women to add their voices, including the English writers
729:
518:, to hold public office, to enter into legal contracts, to have equal rights in
16583:
16422:
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15533:
15484:
15334:
15218:
14726:
14407:
14390:
14370:
14360:
13871:
13866:
13152:
12827:
12702:
9920:
9094:
and Reinhard Schulze. A Modern History of the Islamic World. I.B.Tauris, 2000.
6942:
6388:, "The Incomplete Feminism of Musonius Rufus, Platonist, Stoic, and Roman", in
6266:
6238:
6000:
5483:
5479:
4955:(Bosnian Muslim) women and girls (some as young as 12 and 15 years of age), in
4886:
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4325:
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3849:
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3647:
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3583:
3575:
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3084:
3061:
2935:
2780:
2634:
2525:
2520:
2385:
2279:
2200:
1854:
1736:
1466:
place anywhere and the minimum age for girls was 12, while it was 14 for boys.
1455:
1370:
meant an enormous progress; the woman has the right, at least according to the
1309:
1186:
1173:
1089:
954:
934:
749:
672:
660:
502:
Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include the right to
362:
342:
286:
12624:
8414:
7626:
6005:
Pandora's Daughters: The Role and Status of Women in Greek and Roman Antiquity
863:
to women would substantively alter the nature of the household and the state.
720:
16697:
15808:
15768:
15763:
15673:
15467:
15339:
15147:
13891:
12853:
10839:
10773:
10038:
9582:
9430:"Saudi Arabia implements end to travel restrictions for Saudi women – agency"
7582:
6926:
6779:
6444:
6245:: Public Attitudes and Penalties for Sexual Offences in Republican Rome", in
5823:
5497:
4767:
4581:
4570:
4399:
4365:
enshrines the right of consenting men and women to marry and found a family.
4017:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3778:
3743:
3723:
3695:
3389:
3368:
3316:
3292:
3181:
3177:
3096:
3076:
3033:
3014:
2983:). States must also differentiate with regard to healthcare by ensuring that
2694:
2662:
2587:
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2435:
2353:
2313:
2027:
1716:
1712:
1487:
1293:
1221:
1028:
981:
942:
685:
with men in all aspects of life. Works by ancient Indian grammarians such as
523:
357:
147:
11846:
10535:
5355:
4339:
The Convention defines discrimination against women in the following terms:
4089:
Association for the Protection and Defense of Women's Rights in Saudi Arabia
3797:, while the latter was often tolerated, even encouraged as a symbol of male
3350:
2677:(1976 on equal terms with men, with restrictions since 1931) as well as the
2043:
within British jurisdictions. This arrangement implicitly excluded women as
2030:, though his proposal to replace the term "man" with "person" in the second
1084:
influenced the development of Roman law. Stoics of the Imperial era such as
15980:
15882:
15823:
15758:
15753:
15713:
15663:
15428:
15406:
15265:
15260:
15186:
15152:
14776:
14768:
12992:
12948:
12937:
11681:
11213:
10736:
The moral property of women: a history of birth control politics in America
10706:
The moral property of women: a history of birth control politics in America
10676:
The moral property of women: a history of birth control politics in America
10322:
The moral property of women: a history of birth control politics in America
10292:
The moral property of women: a history of birth control politics in America
10265:
The moral property of women: a history of birth control politics in America
10238:
The moral property of women: a history of birth control politics in America
10169:
10056:
9825:
9357:
9287:
9275:
4938:
4687:
4664:
4395:
4092:
4080:
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3453:
3385:
3229:
3153:
2976:
2952:
2906:
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2842:
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2497:
2426:
2381:
2364:
2317:
2309:
2305:
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2196:
2192:
2140:
2048:
2044:
2040:
1819:
1784:
1581:
1426:
1194:
1182:
1120:
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946:
906:
802:
would do so on their behalf. Athenian women could only acquire rights over
678:
656:
623:
496:
306:
301:
266:
197:
192:
177:
107:
43:
12867:
12520:"UNHCR | Refworld | The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu (Trial Judgement)"
12400:
12344:
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) (6 March 2015).
12132:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
12059:
11958:"Only six countries have equal rights for men and women, World Bank finds"
11910:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
10912:
10762:"'A triumph of reason': Chile approves landmark bill to ease abortion ban"
10466:
9520:
7116:"Women, Linen and Gender in the Cyfraith Hywel Dda – Laidlaw Scholarships"
5957:(Cambridge University Press, 1999), chapter 3.3; Frier and McGinn (2004),
4257:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
4214:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
4189:
International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women
4079:
was arrested in May 2018, along with 10 other women's rights activists in
3168:, in order for social advancement to be possible. This was pointed out by
2902:
ended its male guardianship laws, allowing women to travel by themselves.
2608:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
2159:
853:
for Spartan women, their role in politics was the same as Athenian women.
15255:
15164:
13896:
13724:
12997:
12987:
12603:
Dying Alive – A Legal Assessment of Human Rights Violations in Burma
11204:
9868:. New York: United Nations Children's Fund. February 2016. Archived from
7797:"Day of Equality celebrates Minna Canth's legacy | News Now Finland"
7471:
Badr, Gamal M.; Mayer, Ann Elizabeth (1984). "Islamic Criminal Justice".
6198:
4964:
4947:
4136:
3972:
3837:
3766:
3739:
3699:
3671:
3663:
3296:
3253:
2939:
2724:
2678:
2670:
2618:
2405:
2329:
2244:
Timeline of women's legal rights in the United States (other than voting)
2124:
2072:
1948:
1899:
1651:
1577:
1532:
1409:
1390:
1153:
1036:
926:
745:
570:
16670:
12547:
is quoted by Professor Paul Walters in his presentation of her honorary
11288:
9573:
9563:
9546:
8931:"Standard Grade Bitesize History – Women and work : Revision, p. 3"
8916:
8878:
7980:
7978:
7778:"Finland's first feminist: Why Minna Canth's writing is still important"
4390:
General Recommendation No. 21, Equality in marriage and family relations
2136:
scheduled to open, and the countess was suspected of being responsible.
1646:
An image of suspected witches being hanged in England, published in 1655
748:
of ancient Greece, they enjoyed a certain freedom of movement until the
15908:
15668:
13886:
11667:
The Times, 29 December 1975 "Sex discrimination in advertising banned".
11064:
10642:
10458:
10408:
8370:"Meiji Reforms – Kishida Toshiko, (1863–1901) – Japan – Primary Source"
6258:
6166:(Indiana University Press, 1991), pp. 118ff. Roman law also recognized
6160:
From Good Goddess to Vestal Virgins: Sex and Category in Roman Religion
5961:, Chapter IV; Yan Thomas, "The Division of the Sexes in Roman Law", in
5077:
4225:
4144:
3786:
3715:
3579:
3538:
3534:
3300:
3092:
2996:
2849:
2682:
2654:
2563:
2476:
2389:
2377:
2373:
2341:
2301:
2132:
1743:
1728:
1708:
1642:
1549:
1536:
1528:
1516:
1378:
1264:
1236:
645:
602:
579:
519:
12270:"Status of signatures and ratifications (Convention of Belém do Pará)"
11018:"Prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during childbirth"
9460:"Empower Women – Freedom of movement and women's economic empowerment"
7492:
7371:
Killing Women – Gender, Sorcery, and Violence in Late Medieval Germany
4261:
3626:
Forced pregnancy is the practice of forcing a woman or girl to become
3498:
that, depending on the circumstances, may amount to torture or cruel,
3211:"And the villain still pursues her." Satirical Victorian era postcard.
2566:
guided and ran much of the Suffrage movement in the U.S. in the 1910s.
2451:
2215:
to answer the question, "Does the word 'Persons' in Section 24 of the
1993:
976:, though to a lesser degree than their children. This archaic form of
15903:
15499:
14585:
13749:
12645:
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, Section II, paragraph 38.
11585:"Prospects of Mankind with Eleanor Roosevelt; What Status For Women?"
9647:
gender-based violence which is a form of discrimination against women
9291:
7975:
5489:
The history and culture of the Indian people, volume I, the Vedic age
5467:
5454:
5329:
Binkley, Roberta (2004). "Reading the Ancient Figure of Enheduanna".
4930:
4803:
4791:
4694:
and intimidation at work, in educational institutions and elsewhere,
4067:
4028:
3719:
3549:
3130:
2992:
2888:
2801:
2752:
2736:
2732:
2480:
2092:
1888:
1758:
Husbands controlled most of their wives' personal property until the
1499:
1401:"can be seen as a figure who testified on behalf of women's rights."
1323:
1178:
1001:
991:
864:
837:
832:
694:
690:
686:
11409:
11275:"Muerte por adulterio en España, un «derecho» del marido hasta 1963"
10450:
10400:
8697:"Celebrating two lives well lived : Featured OTT : Videos"
7679:
4990:
defines "institutions and practices similar to slavery" to include:
4901:, "or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity" as a
4846:
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
3951:
post-World War II. Today the ICW holds Consultative Status with the
2673:(1971 at federal level; 1959–1991 on local issues at canton level),
913:
who enjoyed legal privileges and protections that did not extend to
15948:
15743:
15611:
15354:
14884:
13832:
13182:
10585:
Any friend of the movement: networking for birth control, 1920–1940
8997:
8442:
Women and Gender in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Eurasia
7484:
6250:
5482:; Pusalker, A.D. (1951). "Chapter XX: Language and literature". In
5132:
4833:
4807:
4193:
Office of the Special Adviser or Gender Issues Advancement of Women
4180:
3883:
Prospects of Mankind with Eleanor Roosevelt; What Status For Women?
3758:
3667:
3643:
3627:
3485:
considers the criminalization of abortion a "violations of women's
3470:
3409:
3312:
3069:
2674:
2337:
1922:
1845:, rights for women, rights for those who did not own property, and
1540:
1491:
1475:
1398:
1331:
1217:
1081:
1032:
997:
871:
803:
761:
615:
507:
12845:
11955:
10828:"Seven in 10 Italian gynaecologists refuse to carry out abortions"
9056:
Feminism's Founding Fathers: The Men Who Fought for Women's Rights
8419:. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.
7958:
Philosophical theory and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
7695:
Philosophical theory and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
6962:
Encyclopedia of religion, second edition, Lindsay Jones, p. 6224,
4905:
if the action is part of a widespread or systematic practice. The
4447:
3295:, arguing that women should only engage in sex for the purpose of
1256:
68:
15117:
13739:
13734:
11678:"The National Organization for Women's 1966 Statement of Purpose"
10165:"Two-thirds of world's illiterate adults are women, report finds"
9547:"Gender-Transformative Remedies for Women Human Rights Defenders"
4952:
4943:
4787:
4435:
4148:
4111:
4064:, it is one of the oldest advocacy organizations in the country.
4061:
4057:
3940:
3841:
3571:
3189:
2764:
2756:
2716:
2690:
2650:
2622:
2479:
for women include non-discriminatory access of women to jobs and
2349:
1842:
1720:
1622:
1520:
1483:
1105:, who taught advanced courses to young men and advised the Roman
1063:
1050:
845:
812:
619:
590:
12378:"Full list: Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 210"
11704:"National Organization for Women: Definition and Much More from"
11150:
Memorandum: Charging forced marriage as a crime against humanity
10139:"International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"
9113:"19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women's Right to Vote"
8317:
Philanthropy in America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia
7811:"A feisty Finnish feminist: Minna Canth – European studies blog"
6179:
Richlin, Amy, "Not before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the
5698:
Goddess, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity
4956:
4926:
4344:
political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.
3848:
shortly after the turn of the 20th century. From left to right:
3468:. The fact that in some countries where abortion is legal it is
3323:. Reproductive rights are often defined to include freedom from
2026:
Then a member of parliament, Mill argued that women deserve the
13719:
12906:
9790:
Liu, Katherine A.; DiPietro Mager, Natalie A. (31 March 2016).
8805:"明報新聞網海外版 – 加東版(多倫多) – Canada Toronto Chinese Newspaper – 社區新聞"
8120:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set
7443:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set
6485:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set
6416:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set
4639:
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
4585:
4562:
4431:
4032:
3995:
3936:
3912:
3774:, who narrowly voted in favor with 54.7% of voters approving).
3461:
3161:
3045:
2884:
2864:
2860:
2768:
2760:
2720:
2709:
2686:
2666:
2658:
2646:
2642:
2630:
2489:
2345:
2176:
2096:
1755:
English women had fewer grounds for divorce than men until 1923
1732:
1494:
tradition legislated that women be under the control of a male
790:
769:
765:
757:
753:
594:
475:
60:
12370:
7505:
W. J. Rorabaugh, Donald T. Critchlow, Paula C. Baker (2004). "
5865:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Se
4881:
Explanatory Memorandum, which defines the jurisdiction of the
4607:, better known as the Istanbul Convention, was adopted by the
4322:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
3143:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
3056:
services that are only needed by women. Violations of women's
2550:
2340:(1976 on equal terms with men, with restrictions since 1931),
2332:(1971 at federal level; 1990 on local issues in the canton of
1895:
1023:
Bronze statuette of a young woman reading (latter 1st century)
798:. As women were barred from conducting legal proceedings, the
14801:
12873:
World Organization Against Torture: No Violence Against Women
10643:
Blue, Gregory; Bunton, Martin P.; Croizier, Ralph C. (2002).
8417:
Voter Turnout in Western Europe Since 1945: A Regional Report
8235:
Alberta Originals: Stories of Albertans Who Made a Difference
5976:
A History of Women from Ancient Goddesses to Christian Saints
5963:
A History of Women from Ancient Goddesses to Christian Saints
5949:
5947:
5215:
Hosken, Fran P., 'Towards a Definition of Women's Rights' in
4849:
4660:
4415:
4329:
4115:
3735:
3651:
3489:" and a form of "gender based violence"; paragraph 18 of its
3269:
3029:
Global maternal mortality rate per 100 000 live births (2010)
2879:
2875:
2855:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2558:
2493:
1727:, until the mid-19th century, writers largely assumed that a
856:
784:
744:
Although most women lacked political and equal rights in the
640:
586:
575:
483:
11980:"'Woman, life, freedom': The origins of Iran's rallying cry"
11181:
10577:
10575:
9164:""Kuwait grants women right to vote" CNN.com (May 16, 2005)"
7177:
Beattie, Cordelia; Stevens, Matthew Frank (1 January 2013).
6704:"The status of women in the Bible and in early Christianity"
6568:"The Hackett Medical College for Women in China (1899–1936)"
6448:
6233:
Thomas McGinn, "Concubinage and the Lex Iulia on Adultery",
3483:
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
3006:
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
2606:
and today women's suffrage is considered a right (under the
1930:
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
1916:
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
14853:
13801:
13729:
12398:
8849:
Hot Property: The Stakes and Claims of Literary Originality
8415:
Rafael López Pintor; Maria Gratschew; Tim Bittiger (2004).
6072:
Garrett G. Fagan, "Violence in Roman Social Relations", in
4683:
4615:; 34 of the signatories have also ratified the convention.
4566:
4333:
4040:(ICW). The council has concerned itself in areas including
2923:
2916:
1751:
the condition for women during Locke's time were as quote:
1584:
are unconfirmed, but some archaeological finds such as the
1367:
1220:. The lives of Mui Tsai were recorded by American feminist
782:
had no legal personhood and were assumed to be part of the
609:, is the earliest known poet whose name has been recorded.
487:
9307:"Germany: Inheritance Laws in the 19th and 20th Centuries"
8953:"Modern workplaces, maternity rights, and gender equality"
8065:
The Ascent of Woman: A History of the Suffragette Movement
7829:"Gender equality: how Minna Canth changed Finland's route"
6823:
6539:
Mary H. Fulton (2010). The United Study of Forring (ed.).
6348:
The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World
6091:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The High Empire A.D. 70–192
5944:
5665:"Social and Political Roles of Women in Athens and Sparta"
5265:, Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, p.
3372:
was advanced as alternative to the then fashionable terms
3235:
2304:, the status of women declined. In the 17th century, the "
1109:
on politics. Her influence put her into conflict with the
14838:
Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
10572:
10350:
8643:
8391:"Radio 4 Woman's Hour – Timeline:When women got the vote"
8152:. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press. p. 39.
7931:
The evolution of international human rights: visions seen
7722:
The evolution of international human rights: visions seen
7508:
America's promise: a concise history of the United States
5974:
Yan Thomas, "The Division of the Sexes in Roman Law", in
4919:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
3240:
2017:
described the situation for women in Britain as follows:
1039:, and attempted to regulate the conduct of women through
972:
of her husband. She then became subject to her husband's
11865:"Short History of the Commission on the Status of Women"
9753:
9751:
9749:
7335:
Marvelous women : genderbenders in myth and reality
4630:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
3687:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
1556:
After the age of 20, an unmarried woman, referred to as
12674:
12672:
10861:"Doctors' Refusal to Perform Abortions Divides Croatia"
10728:
10726:
8075:
8073:
7866:
Death comes to the maiden: Sex and Execution, 1431–1933
7331:
Makalösa kvinnor: könsöverskridare i myt och verklighet
7180:
Married Women and the Law in Premodern Northwest Europe
4122:
3604:
Birth rates per 1,000 women aged 15–19 years, worldwide
2458:
was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the
2234:
for Canada within the British Empire and Commonwealth.
1910:
12818:
McElroy, Wendy (2008). "Feminism and Women's Rights".
12729:"Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery"
10825:
4632:
was adopted by the United Nations in 1993. It defines
3266:
International Conference on Population and Development
3037:
FGM in Africa, Iraqi Kurdistan and Yemen, as of 2015 (
1952:
Australian women's rights were lampooned in this 1887
1334:
over the course of 23 years, provided guidance to the
16647:
9863:"Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern"
9746:
8624:"Australian firms trail world for women in top roles"
8577:"Uzbekistan: No love lost in Karakalpak bride thefts"
8182:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 43.
7739:
6600:"中国近代第一所女子医学院--夏葛医学院-【维普网】-仓储式在线作品出版平台-www.cqvip.com"
6235:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
4557:
on 9 June 1994. As of March 2020, 32 of the 34 or 35
14967:
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
14558:
Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
12669:
12145:"40 Basic Rights Women Did Not Have Until The 1970s"
10909:"Human Rights Watch: Women's Human Rights: Abortion"
10723:
9515:
9513:
9186:"Married Women's Property Act | New York State"
8362:
8070:
7725:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 29–30.
6224:(Routledge, 2002; Taylor & Francis, 2004), p. 4.
6093:(Cambridge University Press, 2000), vol. 11, p. 733.
5262:
The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character
5153:
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
4659:, sexual abuse of female children in the household,
4559:
member states of the Organization of American States
4356:
3971:'s draft sex anti-discrimination bill, a government
2799:
once they married. Under the common law doctrine of
1342:. The Qur'an prescribes limited rights for women in
11956:Rob Picheta and Kieron Mirchandani (2 March 2019).
10698:
10696:
10668:
10666:
9681:"Giving Special Attention to Girls and Adolescents"
8037:
The women's suffrage movement in Britain, 1866–1928
7565:Anthony, Ikechukwu; Kanu, O. S. A. (19 July 2012).
7015:
Archaeology of Frankish Church Councils, AD 511–768
6305:
Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome
6205:
Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome
6011:
123 (1979), p. 296, specifically on sexual freedom.
5416:
4164:
was signed. This included a commitment to achieve "
3413:abortion, with an increasing emphasis on "choice".
3125:
First group of women who entered university in Iran
2472:
Employment discrimination law in the European Union
1942:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1934:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1749:
American Journal of Social Issues & Humanities,
13703:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
12625:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
11156:. Documentation Center of Cambodia. Archived from
10961:"Q&A: Human Rights Law and Access to Abortion"
10935:"Q&A: Human Rights Law and Access to Abortion"
10646:Colonialism and the modern world: selected studies
10353:"Stop Violence Against Women: Reproductive rights"
10314:
10312:
8846:
8314:
8204:
8171:
8169:
7747:European Feminisms, 1700-1950: A Political History
7647:
7599:Jehlen, Myra; Warner, Michael (19 December 2013).
7299:Forntida kvinnor: jägare, vikingahustru, prästinna
6731:
6374:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
6222:Augustus and the Family at the Birth of the Empire
6207:(Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 314; Gardner,
5515:
4682:occurring within the general community, including
1515:of Denmark in the year 950 AD. Those living under
806:through gifts, dowry, and inheritance, though her
13791:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
11366:"Switzerland's Long Way to Women's Right to Vote"
10987:"Abortion and Women of Color: The Bigger Picture"
10739:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 295–96.
9789:
9510:
9084:Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition
8724:"Life, love and service | Toronto & GTA"
8281:
7650:"Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765–1769)"
7641:
7404:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 123–24.
6947:Marriage in Islamic Law: The Modernist Viewpoints
6805:
5903:(Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 31–32, 457,
5230:Women's Rights: A "Human Rights Quarterly" Reader
3856:(1866–1952), Minister of Social Affairs, in 1910.
3174:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
2894:Several Middle Eastern countries also follow the
2013:" the English philosopher and political theorist
1035:, framed his ascent to sole power as a return to
16695:
11891:"Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing 1995"
10693:
10663:
10117:"Convention against Discrimination in Education"
8202:
8123:. London, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.
7934:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 32.
7853:Macdonald and Scherf, "Introduction", pp. 11–12.
7571:American Journal of Social Issues and Humanities
7446:. London, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.
7223:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 37–39.
6989:Maan, Bashir; McIntosh, Alastair (27 May 2005).
6488:. London, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.
6419:. London, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.
5868:. London, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.
5478:
5033:Convention against Transnational Organised Crime
4056:, and many others. Formed on 27 October 1857 in
3928:all. Their efforts were met with mixed results.
3777:Another area of interest for feminists has been
3311:in order to make reproductive choices free from
3095:, who went undercover in 1887, at an asylum in
2228:Judicial Committee of the Imperial Privy Council
1366:"compared to the pre-Islamic position of women,
14843:Music and women's suffrage in the United States
14464:Women's suffrage organizations and publications
12321:UNICEF: toward ending female genital mutilation
12298:African Union: Rights of Women Protocol Adopted
10581:
10309:
9706:"Why Sexual Penetration Requires Justification"
8345:Onna Daigaku A Treasure Box of Women's Learning
8306:
8166:
7760:"Finnish author Minna Canth could, and she did"
6323:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 134–35.
6162:(Routledge, 1998), pp. 81–82; Jane F. Gardner,
6040:
5716:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 609–10.
5492:. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 394.
5375:
4978:Forced conversion of minority girls in Pakistan
4464:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325
4448:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325
4206:
3283:In the 1870s feminists advanced the concept of
2292:The extent to which women could participate in
1800:
1612:
14351:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)
12584:"Violence Against Women: Worldwide Statistics"
12449:
12214:"University of Minnesota Human Rights Library"
11559:
11087:
11085:
10709:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 1–2.
10614:"Margaret Sanger's "Deeds of Terrible Virtue""
10436:
8551:. Pauline Jones Luong, ed. Ithaca, New York:
7619:
7176:
6619:
6617:
6573:. Hong Kong Baptist University. Archived from
6538:
6277:(Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 34–35.
5353:
4971:
4866:
4530: Not a member state of the AU, CoE or OAS
4027:(Conseil national des femmes du Canada), is a
3892:Presidential Commission on the Status of Women
3135:Convention Against Discrimination in Education
2938:against women has historically been rooted in
2409:Australia's first female political candidate,
1971:, a British writer and philosopher, published
1451:to them was the duty of their male guardians.
980:marriage was largely abandoned by the time of
556:Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)
14869:
13817:
12922:
12653:
12651:
11757:
10679:. University of Illinois Press. p. 297.
9052:
8983:
8699:. ottawasun.com. 6 April 2012. Archived from
8288:Marion, Nancy E.; Oliver, Willard M. (2014).
8196:
8033:
7602:The English Literatures of America: 1500–1800
7402:Women in Late Medieval and Reformation Europe
7311:
7309:
7307:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7246:
7244:
7242:
7240:
6991:"Interview with Prof William Montgomery Watt"
6773:
6656:Parts of this book are available online here
6183:and the Roman Law against Love between Men",
5941:(Cambridge University History, 2000), p. 211.
5767:Ancient Greek democracy: readings and sources
5634:Ancient Greek democracy: readings and sources
5466:Comments to Ashtadhyayi 3.3.21 and 4.1.14 by
4762:'s "comfort battalions" is interviewed by an
4623:
3133:is a universal entitlement to education. The
3079:of women, notably the 19th century policy of
2829:(1981), declared such laws unconstitutional.
1771:Rape was legally impossible within a marriage
1696:justification that they might one day marry.
1413:Women performing tasks during the Middle Ages
1235:was overthrown by communist guerillas led by
896:Women working alongside a man at a dye shop (
452:
12538:
12239:"Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action"
12170:"CEDAW 29th Session 30 June to 25 July 2003"
11454:"Adultery Law, Favoring Men, Issue in Spain"
10588:. Ohio State University Press. p. 184.
10505:
10503:
10501:
10478:
10476:
10432:
10430:
10428:
10426:
10386:
10325:. University of Illinois Press. p. 59.
10295:. University of Illinois Press. p. 57.
10268:. University of Illinois Press. p. 56.
10241:. University of Illinois Press. p. 55.
10021:Testa, Megan; West, Sara G. (October 2010).
9538:
9261:
8781:. Epapertor.worldjournal.com. Archived from
8287:
8007:
8005:
8003:
7674:New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972; p. 217.
7598:
6988:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6706:. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
6565:
6022:The Family in Ancient Rome: New Perspectives
5937:Walter Eck, "The Emperor and His Advisors",
5920:, pp. 211 and 268; Frier and McGinn (2004),
5797:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 32–35.
5700:. New York: Schocken Books, 1975. pp. 60–62.
5607:Women in ancient Greece, Volume 1995, Part 2
5580:Women in ancient Greece, Volume 1995, Part 2
5572:
5570:
5390:. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008
5254:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5246:
4250:
3809:such as Italy and Greece." The tradition in
2859:(Kabul, Afghanistan) showing the lifting of
2779:During the 19th century some women, such as
2554:Women standing in line to vote in Bangladesh
1921:In 1791 the French playwright and political
996:. A married woman retained ownership of any
27:Rights claimed for women and girls worldwide
11735:"National Council of Women of Canada fonds"
11394:harvp error: no target: CITEREFShreir1988 (
11082:
10359:. Amnesty International USA. Archived from
10346:
10344:
10342:
9897:. World Health Organization. Archived from
9855:
9839:Country Comparison: Maternal Mortality Rate
9726:
9724:
9722:
8902:
8823:
8658:
8488:
8444:(Vol 1 ed.). Routledge. p. 2120.
7564:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7353:
7351:
7319:
7221:Women in Dark Age and Early Medieval Europe
7054:. New York: A & C Black. pp. 3–4.
6671:"Land Reform and New Marriage Law in China"
6614:
6104:Women's Influence on Classical Civilization
5299:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5285:
4806:. Rape is also now recognised as a form of
4739:
4287: Unrecognized state, abiding by treaty
1789:An Occasional Letter on the Female Sex 1775
1446:Royal women's activities in the Middle Ages
15632:African-American women's suffrage movement
14876:
14862:
14494:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
13824:
13810:
12929:
12915:
12648:
12346:"The Maputo Protocol of the African Union"
12164:
12162:
12004:
11817:
11787:
11680:. Now.org. 29 October 1966. Archived from
10607:
10605:
10389:International Family Planning Perspectives
8829:
8689:
8502:. UN Development Programme. Archived from
8312:
7961:. University of Ottawa Press. p. 10.
7567:"Gender and Good Governance in John Locke"
7304:
7286:
7237:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7148:Women in Medieval Western European Culture
6911:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6394:Comparative Studies in Society and History
6275:The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome
6249:(Walter de Gruyter, 2011), p. 124, citing
5690:
5688:
5686:
4907:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
4830:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
4746:International framework of sexual violence
4736:, it is open to accession by any country.
4454:United Nations Security Council Resolution
4422:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
4416:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
3953:United Nations Economic and Social Council
3844:'s first female ministers were brought to
3556:
1869:became the first German woman receiving a
1397:, when seen in such a historical context,
952:The central core of Roman society was the
772:owning land, the most prestigious form of
605:, the priestess of Inanna and daughter of
459:
445:
14827:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar
12784:. Harvard University Press. p. 224.
12054:
12052:
11727:
11564:, Helsinki: Suomen kirjallisuuden seura,
11412:. Honour Based Violence Awareness Network
11314:"Swiss Grant Women Equal Marriage Rights"
11203:
11093:"WHO | Child marriages: 39 000 every day"
10536:"The March for Women's Lives, April 2004"
10498:
10473:
10423:
10046:
10020:
9815:
9572:
9562:
9188:. Womenshistory.about.com. Archived from
9037:
9024:European Commission – European Commission
8410:
8408:
8000:
7698:. University of Ottawa Press. p. 4.
7470:
7464:
6881:Esposito (with DeLong-Bas) 2001, pp. 4–5.
6762:
6738:. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications.
6718:
6515:"Chinese women push for a place in space"
6316:
5978:(Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 133.
5965:(Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 134.
5818:
5816:
5814:
5610:. Harvard University Press. p. 115.
5583:. Harvard University Press. p. 114.
5567:
5243:
5191:status of Cuba is currently unclear, see
4814:, in whole or in part, a targeted group.
4790:. Rape is generally considered a serious
4618:
4197:United Nations Development Fund for Women
4127:In 1946 the United Nations established a
3801:. In Europe, this was especially true in
3533:regard abortion not as a right, but as a
3487:sexual and reproductive health and rights
1650:The 16th and 17th centuries saw numerous
1340:modified existing customs in Arab society
1251:
752:. Records also exist of women in ancient
15577:Discrimination against transgender women
14398:1920 United States presidential election
12888:Women's Human Rights Resources Programme
12777:
11874:
11795:"2008 Human Rights Report: Saudi Arabia"
11642:"Tributes paid to veteran anti-royalist"
11146:
10382:
10380:
10378:
10339:
9719:
9358:"Why can't women drive in Saudi Arabia?"
9332:"Full text of the Convention in English"
8838:
8664:
8458:
8385:
8383:
8225:
7900:
7367:
7348:
7144:
7087:
6890:
6701:
6512:
6443:
6076:(Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 487.
6024:(Cornell University Press, 1986), p. 15.
5763:
5740:. Oxford University Press, 2002. p. 137
5630:
5603:
5576:
5553:. Rutgers University Press. p. 33.
5282:
5232:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006),
5222:
4993:c) Any institution or practice whereby:
4786:of another person without that person's
4749:
4584:on 11 July 2003 at its second summit in
4485:
4402:are common in some parts the world. The
4260:
4066:
3911:
3836:
3677:
3599:
3443:
3349:
3299:and advocated for periodic or permanent
3234:
3224:
3214:
3206:
3120:
3032:
3024:
2917:Informing women about their legal rights
2848:
2836:
2577:
2569:
2557:
2549:
2450:
2404:
2283:
2158:
2075:culture, including the emergence of the
1992:
1947:
1909:
1894:
1879:
1853:, who defended democratic principles of
1810:
1641:
1616:
1441:
1408:
1255:
1226:Portraits of Chinese Women in Revolution
1177:
1152:, but it was almost entirely removed by
1119:
1018:
891:
639:
569:
38:
14638:Women's Rights National Historical Park
13623:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
12817:
12798:
12594:
12159:
12060:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
12005:Bozorgmehr, Najmeh (23 December 2022).
11591:. National Educational Television. 1962
11577:
11147:Anderson, Natalae (22 September 2010).
10602:
10023:"Civil Commitment in the United States"
9404:"The History of Passports in Australia"
8853:. University of Chicago Press. p.
8844:
8231:
7847:
7594:
7592:
7473:The American Journal of Comparative Law
7165:
7145:Mitchell, Linda E. (12 November 2012).
7120:laidlawscholarships.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk
7011:
6794:
6376:(Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 20.
6363:(Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 80.
6350:(Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 90.
6074:The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations
5790:
5751:
5713:Women's studies encyclopaedia, Volume 2
5709:
5683:
5546:
5425:Women in India: towards gender equality
5328:
5061:Wahre und Falsche "Frauen-Emanzipation"
5010:
4710:
4481:
4231:
4183:was founded through the merging of the
3852:(1867–1961), member of parliament, and
2219:, include female persons?" in the case
1275:
578:bas-relief portrait depicting the poet
14:
16696:
14315:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
13715:List of human rights abuses by country
13203:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
13168:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
12894:Web Archives (archived 2002-08-08)
12504:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
12049:
12007:"Year in a word: Woman, Life, Freedom"
11529:
11527:
11389:
11007:Catechism of the Catholic Church 2271.
10989:. Guttmacher Institute. 13 August 2008
10732:
10702:
10672:
10582:Wilkinson Meyer, Jimmy Elaine (2004).
10559:
10318:
10288:
10261:
10234:
10101:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
9764:. tbinternet.ohchr.org. Archived from
9544:
9304:
8721:
8621:
8433:
8405:
8335:
8203:Prentice, Alison; et al. (1988).
8175:
8147:
8112:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8104:
8102:
8100:
8098:
8096:
8094:
7927:
7718:
7560:
7558:
7556:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7528:Maine, Henry Sumner. Ancient Law 1861.
7399:
7218:
6872:Esposito (with DeLong-Bas) 2001, p. 4.
6853:Available here via GoogleBooks preview
6806:Frank L. Caw, Jr. (10 February 2005).
5857:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5822:
5811:
5509:
5507:
5422:
5258:
5219:, Vol. 3, No. 2. (May 1981), pp. 1–10.
4778:, is an assault by a person involving
3650:) or as part of a program of breeding
3586:and using other health care services.
3196:
2965:a form of discrimination against women
2832:
15924:Post-structuralist discourse analysis
15192:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary
14857:
14356:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)
14171:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
13805:
13786:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
12910:
11765:"National Council of Women of Canada"
11289:"Spain – Social Values and Attitudes"
11032:
11010:
10759:
10618:National Endowment for the Humanities
10375:
8879:"Spain – SOCIAL VALUES AND ATTITUDES"
8439:
8380:
8341:
8116:
8059:
8057:
7954:
7862:
7794:
7691:
7522:
7439:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7200:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7045:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7035:
6936:
6920:
6847:, with DeLong-Bas, Natana J. (2001).
6729:
6668:
6481:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6412:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6361:Children and Childhood in Roman Italy
6020:Beryl Rawson, "The Roman Family", in
5861:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5513:
5384:"Women: Background & Perspective"
5331:Rhetoric before and beyond the Greeks
5209:
4363:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4314:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4185:Division for the Advancement of Women
3102:
2665:(1920). Late adopters in Europe were
14709:"The March of the Women" (1910 song)
14437:List of suffragists and suffragettes
14300:Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
12878:Women's History Month by History.com
10963:. Human Rights Watch. Archived from
10937:. Human Rights Watch. Archived from
10901:
10162:
9832:
8622:Creagh, Sunanda (27 November 2012).
8040:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1–2.
7589:
7511:". Rowman & Littlefield. p. 75.
7049:
5113:List of suffragists and suffragettes
4921:issued arrest warrants based on the
4267:
4123:United Nations and World Conferences
3568:The abuse of women during childbirth
3525:, particularly those considered the
2462:, as well as the first woman on the
2222:Edwards v. Canada (Attorney General)
1974:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
1829:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
1768:Children were the husband's property
1381:, Islam included the prohibition of
1267:all-female military regiment of the
11775:from the original on 3 January 2006
11524:
9086:. Columbia University Press, 1995.
8832:Racism, Sexism, Power, and Ideology
8091:
7908:Feminism: A very short introduction
7749:(Stanford University Press), p. 43.
7543:
7368:Mitchell, James (1 November 2010).
7337:) Alfabeta/Anamma, Stockholm 2002.
7052:Women in England in the middle ages
6513:FlorCruz, Jaime A. (15 June 2012).
6288:Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law
6185:Journal of the History of Sexuality
5846:
5662:
5522:. San Diego: Lucent Books. p.
5504:
4025:National Council of Women of Canada
3916:Iraqi-American writer and activist
3832:
3656:Slave breeding in the United States
3615:
3075:There are also historical cases of
2446:
1185:, a practice commonly inflicted on
1170:Women in ancient and imperial China
1129:
1060:, or person of marginalized status
24:
14679:National Voting Rights Museum (US)
14643:Women's Suffrage National Monument
14459:Historiography of the Suffragettes
14413:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
13213:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
13075:National human rights institutions
13070:List of human rights organisations
12868:Human Rights Watch: Women's Rights
12820:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
12659:"Rape as a Crime Against Humanity"
11801:. 25 February 2009. Archived from
10911:. 12 November 2008. Archived from
10887:"United Nations Official Document"
10807:from the original on 15 April 2016
10611:
10351:Amnesty International USA (2007).
9305:Palmer, Edith (6 September 2015).
8667:"Celebrating two lives well lived"
8597:"Pre -'liberation' – Restrictions"
8549:The Transformation of Central Asia
8054:
7986:"Brave new world – Women's rights"
7418:
7388:
7197:
7088:Bardsley, Sandy (1 January 2007).
7068:
7032:
6776:"Biblical Divorce And Re-Marriage"
6466:
6399:
6117:Women and Politics in Ancient Rome
5886:
5651:
5381:
5354:Joshua J. Mark (4 November 2016).
5168:Women's Social and Political Union
4592:with men, and to control of their
3817:, coupled with the toleration for
3419:Birth control in the United States
3020:
2774:
2594:, who argued in the 1897 pamphlet
2250:Women's Christian Temperance Union
1902:(1844–1897), a Finnish author and
1791:where he states (as quote) :
1739:in native North American peoples.
1469:
900:), on a wall painting from Pompeii
560:
25:
16715:
14571:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
12861:
12781:Women in ancient Greece, Volume 2
12522:. 12 October 2012. Archived from
12399:United Nations General Assembly.
12279:. Organization of American States
9990:"Facts and figures: HIV and AIDS"
9551:Business and Human Rights Journal
9139:"Women's Right to Vote in Canada"
8034:Van Wingerden, Sophia A. (1999).
7835:from the original on 29 June 2020
7795:Staff, News Now (19 March 2020).
7672:The Life and Art of Henry Fuseli.
6089:p. 461; W.V. Harris, "Trade", in
5306:Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia
4357:Marriage, divorce, and family law
4172:in 2000 and was reflected in the
4129:Commission on the Status of Women
4012:who is herself a survivor of the
3793:, and violent repression such as
3589:
2929:
2184:Women's rights activism in Canada
2034:was greeted with laughter in the
1764:Married Women's Property Act 1882
1760:Married Women's Property Act 1870
1602:
1404:
929:, and women could not vote, hold
30:For the album by Childbirth, see
16681:
16669:
16657:
16631:
16622:
16621:
16609:
16169:Democratic Republic of the Congo
15587:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
14722:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
14520:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
14366:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
14336:Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
13198:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
12936:
12743:
12721:
12695:
12639:
12617:
12576:
12512:
12466:
12443:
12418:
12392:
12337:
12314:
12291:
12262:
12253:
12231:
12206:
12184:
12137:
12125:
12109:. United Nations. Archived from
12099:
12083:. United Nations. Archived from
12073:
12024:
11998:
11972:
11949:
11923:
11901:
11883:
11857:
11839:
11718:
11696:
11670:
11661:
11652:
11634:
11625:
11603:
11553:
11498:
11472:
11446:
11424:
11402:
11383:
11358:
11340:"Switzerland profile – Timeline"
11332:
11306:
11281:
11267:
11245:
11220:
11196:10.1111/j.1728-4465.1999.00054.x
11175:
11140:
11115:
11057:
11001:
10979:
10953:
10927:
10879:
10853:
10819:
10787:
10753:
10649:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 182–83.
10636:
10553:
10528:
10282:
10255:
10228:
10202:
10177:
10156:
10131:
10109:
10063:
10014:
10000:
9982:
9960:
9938:
9913:
9887:
9783:
9698:
9673:
9651:
9639:
9614:
9589:
9478:
9452:
9422:
9396:
9372:
9350:
9324:
9298:
9255:
9230:
9204:
9178:
9156:
9131:
9105:
9073:
9046:
9012:
8977:
8945:
8923:
8896:
8871:
8807:. Mingpaotor.com. Archived from
8797:
8779:"世界日報電子報 – World Journal ePaper"
8771:
8741:
8715:
8665:Pedersen, Laura (6 April 2012).
8636:
8615:
8589:
8570:
8564:United Nations Population Fund,
8558:
8530:
8518:
8256:
8141:
8082:
8027:
7948:
7921:
7883:
7856:
7821:
7803:
7788:
7770:
7752:
7712:
7685:
7664:
7091:Women's Roles in the Middle Ages
6372:Morgan, Teresa, "Education", in
6271:Bisexuality in the Ancient World
5770:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 300.
5637:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 302.
5181:
5123:List of women's rights activists
5093:Legal rights of women in history
4428:World Conference on Human Rights
4398:of unmarried couples as well as
4324:. Described as an international
4156:Fourth World Conference on Women
4098:founded to provide activism for
3877:
3868:
3345:
2539:
2441:
2237:
2171:. An identical statue exists on
2149:
728:
719:
552:Legal rights of women in history
67:
14535:Kate Sheppard National Memorial
14295:Battle of Downing Street (1910)
13938:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
13323:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
13029:Natural rights and legal rights
13019:Claim rights and liberty rights
11658:The Guardian, 29 December 1975.
10760:Kozak, Piotr (22 August 2017).
9808:10.18549/PharmPract.2016.01.708
9214:. Umd.umich.edu. Archived from
8211:. Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
7531:
7499:
7265:
7138:
7108:
7005:
6993:. Alastair McIntosh's Home Page
6982:
6973:
6956:
6884:
6875:
6866:
6838:
6695:
6662:
6650:
6626:
6592:
6559:
6532:
6506:
6437:
6379:
6366:
6353:
6337:
6310:
6293:
6280:
6227:
6214:
6190:
6173:
6152:
6139:
6136:6, on women busy in the courts.
6122:
6119:(Routledge, 1992, 1994), p. 50.
6109:
6096:
6087:A Casebook on Roman Family Law,
6079:
6066:
6053:
6027:
6014:
5994:
5981:
5968:
5931:
5910:
5784:
5757:
5745:
5730:
5703:
5624:
5597:
5540:
5472:
5460:
5041:Article 2. Statement of purpose
4913:Rape was first recognised as a
4555:Organization of American States
4460:United Nations Security Council
4318:United Nations General Assembly
4245:
4031:advocacy organization based in
3988:National Organization for Women
3321:sexually transmitted infections
3247:
2359:
2308:", or "Learning for Women", by
2217:British North America Act, 1867
2058:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
870:Contrary to Plato's views, the
697:or live-in relationship called
94:Natural rights and legal rights
84:Claim rights and liberty rights
14346:Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
14331:Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
13193:against Palestinians by Israel
11931:"International Women's Rights"
11799:United States State Department
11562:Miina Sillanpää – edelläkävijä
11443:See articles 324, 326, 336–339
10795:"World Abortion Policies 2013"
10560:Sanger, Margaret (July 1919).
10486:. Nocirc.org. 10 December 1993
9685:United Nations Population Fund
9406:. 14 June 2006. Archived from
8722:Connor, Kevin (7 April 2012).
7297:Ingelman-Sundberg, Catharina,
7094:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
6566:PANG Suk Man (February 1998).
6301:Women in Roman Law and Society
6209:Women in Roman Law and Society
6164:Women in Roman Law and Society
6061:A Casebook on Roman Family Law
6048:A Casebook on Roman Family Law
6035:A Casebook on Roman Family Law
5989:A Casebook on Roman Family Law
5959:A Casebook on Roman Family Law
5922:A Casebook on Roman Family Law
5901:A Casebook on Roman Family Law
5444:
5347:
5322:
4817:
4472:international human rights law
4468:international humanitarian law
4038:International Council of Women
3977:Equal Opportunities Commission
3933:International Council of Women
3500:inhuman or degrading treatment
3428:, that is, rights relating to
3239:Map showing the prevalence of
2987:– particularly with regard to
2945:European Court of Human Rights
597:, were widely worshipped. The
565:
13:
1:
11560:Korppi-Tommola, Aura (2016),
11486:(in Spanish). 7 November 2021
10562:"How Shall we Change the Law"
10212:. TeachUNICEF. Archived from
10163:Ford, Liz (20 October 2015).
8566:"Bride Kidnapping Fact Sheet"
8179:Women in Revolutionary Russia
8150:Women in Revolutionary Russia
6953:, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 213–18.
6855:. Syracuse University Press.
5202:
5118:List of women's organizations
4219:
4096:Non-governmental organization
4002:Women for Women International
3922:Women for Women International
3709:
2808:Married Women's Property Acts
1136:Women in the Byzantine Empire
644:Statue of the female pharaoh
122:Economic, social and cultural
16531:Suffragists and suffragettes
14883:
14452:in majority-Muslim countries
14442:Timeline of women's suffrage
14381:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)
14310:Open Christmas Letter (1914)
14259:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
13831:
13034:Negative and positive rights
12036:Council on Foreign Relations
11432:"France: Penal Code of 1810"
8830:Guillaumin, Colette (1994).
7719:Lauren, Paul Gordon (2003).
7012:Halfond, Gregory I. (2010).
6891:Schimmel, Annemarie (1992).
6757:women's rights in the Bible.
6168:rape committed against males
5259:Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963),
5158:Timeline of women's suffrage
5098:List of civil rights leaders
5039:. Its purpose is defined in
4883:International Criminal Court
4758:woman who was in one of the
4207:International women's rights
4174:Millennium Development Goals
3813:for upper-class men to have
3188:was a trained psychiatrist.
3117:Sex differences in education
2602:developed alongside that of
2400:
2268:
1801:18th and 19th century Europe
1633:University of Sydney Library
1613:16th and 17th century Europe
1326:, which Muslims believe was
859:acknowledged that extending
418:Self-determination of people
99:Negative and positive rights
7:
14822:New Zealand ten-dollar note
14489:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
14403:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
14341:Rochester Convention (1848)
14126:Constitutional amendments:
13912:Women's liberation movement
13776:List of human rights awards
13648:in the United Arab Emirates
13024:Individual and group rights
12803:. Oxford University Press.
12600:As quoted by Guy Horton in
11739:Library and Archives Canada
11410:"Honour Killings By Region"
11255:. World Health Organization
11045:. World Health organization
11020:. World Health Organization
9970:. World Health Organization
9968:"Female genital mutilation"
9948:. World Health Organization
9734:. World Health Organization
8845:Meltzer, Françoise (1995).
8313:Burlingame, Dwight (2004).
7629:. UK Government Legislation
6669:Niida, Noboro (June 2010).
6634:"纪念钟陈可慰 100 周年 (1920–2020)"
5427:. New Delhi: Authorspress.
5047:
4972:Forced marriage and slavery
4867:As a crime against humanity
4265:Participation in the CEDAW
4133:Economic and Social Council
4016:, and Salbi's then-husband
3578:and lack of respect during
3439:
3287:as a political critique of
3278:Beijing Platform for Action
2534:Work–Life Balance Directive
2423:women's rights in Australia
2191:were five Canadian women –
1586:Birka female Viking warrior
1214:Republic of China (1912–49)
1070:prostitutes in ancient Rome
831:in Athens, the philosopher
614:woman caught in the act of
89:Individual and group rights
10:
16720:
14361:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)
13698:of the Marcos dictatorship
12902:Thomson Reuters Foundation
12884: (archived 2009-03-05)
12828:10.4135/9781412965811.n106
12799:Pomeroy, Sarah B. (2002).
12771:
11184:Studies in Family Planning
10439:Studies in Family Planning
9491:. undp.org. Archived from
9264:Journal of Women's History
9212:"Property Rights of Women"
8986:Journal of Labor Economics
7869:. Routledge. p. 137.
6897:. SUNY Press. p. 65.
6849:Women in Muslim Family Law
6730:Hiers, Richard H. (2012).
6346:, "Primary Education", in
5764:Robinson, Eric W. (2004).
5631:Robinson, Eric W. (2004).
5361:World History Encyclopedia
5333:. SUNY Press. p. 47.
5088:Index of feminism articles
4975:
4870:
4821:
4743:
4624:United Nations Declaration
4534:
4512: Acceded or succeeded
4451:
4419:
4281: Acceded or succeeded
4254:
4235:
4141:International Women's Year
3943:. The ICW worked with the
3638:, through rape (including
3619:
3593:
3560:
3548:, the Women's wing of the
3366:In the early 20th century
3200:
3106:
2543:
2530:Pregnant Workers Directive
2469:
2395:
2388:, an autonomous region of
2277:
2256:. Under the leadership of
2241:
2211:– who, in 1927, asked the
2001:cartoon from 1867 mocking
1807:Women in the Victorian era
1804:
1621:Title page of the seventh
1303:
1284:
1241:People's Republic of China
1197:. In Imperial China, the "
1167:
1133:
885:
861:civil and political rights
708:
670:
650:Metropolitan Museum of Art
633:
549:
545:
29:
16603:
16543:
16482:
16475:
16154:
15859:
15607:Female genital mutilation
15545:
15478:
15375:
15095:
15084:
15011:Majority-Muslim countries
14976:
14943:
14900:
14891:
14829:(2020 U.S. commemorative)
14692:
14666:
14648:International Women's Day
14425:
14323:
14267:
14166:
14159:
13920:
13839:
13758:
13643:in the State of Palestine
13628:in the Dominican Republic
13208:during the Gaddafi regime
13145:
13090:
13083:
13062:
13042:
13011:
12983:
12972:
12944:
12558:"Judge Navanethem Pillay"
11769:The Canadian Encyclopedia
11512:(in Spanish). 14 May 2016
8321:. ABC-CLIO. p. 511.
8292:. ABC-CLIO. p. 963.
8207:Canadian Women: A History
7400:Jewell, Helen M. (2007).
7301:, Prisma, Stockholm, 2004
6106:(Routledge, 2004), p. 77.
6085:Frier and McGinn (2004),
6059:Frier and McGinn (2004),
6046:Frier and McGinn (2004),
6033:Frier and McGinn (2004),
5987:Frier and McGinn (2004),
5939:Cambridge Ancient History
5832:. BRILL. pp. 37–38.
5486:; Pusalker, A.D. (eds.).
5408:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5228:Lockwood, Bert B. (ed.),
5138:Pregnant patients' rights
5035:. It is one of the three
5019:(also referred to as the
4678:(b) Physical, sexual and
4669:female genital mutilation
4598:female genital mutilation
4506: Signed and ratified
4275: Signed and ratified
4251:United Nations convention
3947:during the 1920s and the
3876:
3867:
3862:
3827:French Penal Code of 1810
3704:female genital mutilation
3325:female genital mutilation
3256:and freedoms relating to
3066:female genital mutilation
2496:until 1975. In addition,
2154:
2102:
1607:
1597:Medieval Scandinavian law
1318:Sex segregation and Islam
1306:Early reforms under Islam
1299:
780:Women in Classical Athens
704:
16578:Women's studies journals
16536:Women's rights activists
15087:Movements and ideologies
14732:Women's suffrage in film
14703:The Women's Marseillaise
14591:Suffragette Handkerchief
14469:Women's rights activists
14249:Hong Kong 1 July marches
12684:7 September 2009 at the
11253:"Violence against women"
9545:Nissen, Aleydis (2023).
9059:. John Hunt Publishing.
8553:Cornell University Press
8117:Smith, Bonnie G (2008).
7648:Sir William Blackstone.
7538:Lafitau, Joseph François
7440:Smith, Bonnie G (2008).
7219:Jewell, Helen M (2007).
6931:Islam: The Straight Path
6917:Esposito (2004), p. 339.
6678:The Developing Economies
6482:Smith, Bonnie G (2008).
6413:Smith, Bonnie G (2008).
6317:Ratnapala, Suri (2009).
5862:Smith, Bonnie G (2008).
5356:"Women in Ancient Egypt"
5174:
5148:Simone de Beauvoir Prize
4810:when committed with the
4798:are now recognised as a
4740:Rape and sexual violence
4551:Belém do Pará Convention
4537:Belém do Pará Convention
4501:participation combined.
4491:Belém do Pará Convention
4458:On 31 October 2000, the
4176:to be achieved by 2015.
4147:(1980) and the third in
3634:, including by means of
3319:about contraception and
3252:Reproductive rights are
2896:male guardianship system
2562:Strategist and activist
2273:
2032:Reform Bill of 1867
1637:extermination of witches
1635:), a book endorsing the
1572:); within art as poets (
1280:
1163:
939:of the Gracchus brothers
666:
629:
76:Theoretical distinctions
16121:International relations
14833:2020 US ten-dollar bill
14817:Susan B. Anthony dollar
14754:Not for Ourselves Alone
14376:Suffrage Special (1916)
14305:Great Pilgrimage (1913)
14254:2014 Hong Kong protests
13852:Right to run for office
13766:History of human rights
13173:Enforced disappearances
13163:Crimes against humanity
8583:14 January 2009 at the
8374:womeninworldhistory.com
8342:Ekken, Kaibara (2010).
8238:. Fifth House. p.
8232:Brennan, Brian (2001).
7955:Sweet, William (2003).
7863:Naish, Camille (1991).
7692:Sweet, William (2003).
7345:(inb.). Libris 8707902.
7283:(inb.). Libris 8707902.
7262:(inb.). Libris 8707902.
7050:Ward, Jennifer (2006).
6979:Lindsay Jones, p. 6224.
6702:Robinson, B.A. (2010).
6684:(2): B5. Archived from
6456:Encyclopædia Britannica
6187:3.4 (1993), pp. 562–63.
5710:Tierney, Helen (1999).
5518:Women of Ancient Greece
5301:Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea
5073:Gender Inequality Index
4873:Crimes against humanity
4774:Rape, sometimes called
4224:A 2019 report from the
4161:The Platform for Action
4143:, 1975), the second in
3894:, interviews President
3807:Mediterranean countries
3563:Abuse during childbirth
3557:Abuse during childbirth
3466:conscientious objectors
2797:right to their property
2519:in some countries) and
2263:
2213:Supreme Court of Canada
2011:The Subjection of Women
1719:. English and American
1395:William Montgomery Watt
881:
677:Women during the early
16551:Conservative feminisms
15849:Women in the workforce
15819:Violence against women
15794:Sexual objectification
15754:Opposition to feminism
14951:Bicycling and feminism
14500:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
14149:1965 Voting Rights Act
13710:Incitement to genocide
13003:Universal jurisdiction
12778:Blundell, Sue (1995).
11370:history-switzerland.ch
10235:Gordon, Linda (2002).
9921:"WHO | Women's health"
9850:The CIA World Factbook
9602:. equalrightstrust.org
9276:10.1353/jowh.2000.0035
9053:Kaevan Gazdar (2016).
8526:Reconciled to Violence
8176:Porter, Cathy (1987).
8148:Porter, Cathy (1987).
6949:, American Journal of
6809:The Ultimate Deception
6132:, pp. 50–51; Juvenal,
5916:Sherwin-White (1979),
5604:Blundell, Sue (1995).
5577:Blundell, Sue (1995).
5423:Mishra, R. C. (2006).
5217:Human Rights Quarterly
5163:Women's rights in 2014
4961:UN Human Rights Office
4915:crime against humanity
4903:crime against humanity
4899:enforced sterilization
4800:crime against humanity
4771:
4760:Imperial Japanese Army
4708:
4680:psychological violence
4634:violence against women
4619:Violence against women
4532:
4445:
4413:
4404:Human Rights Committee
4379:
4346:
4309:
4084:
3992:Equal Rights Amendment
3924:
3857:
3683:Violence against women
3605:
3504:General Recommendation
3449:
3363:
3289:involuntary motherhood
3244:
3232:
3222:
3212:
3126:
3042:
3030:
2961:violence against women
2868:
2846:
2789:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
2596:Woman and the Republic
2592:Helen Kendrick Johnson
2583:
2575:
2567:
2555:
2467:
2418:
2415:Catherine Helen Spence
2289:
2288:Mother and child, 1872
2209:Henrietta Muir Edwards
2205:Louise Crummy McKinney
2180:
2143:under the Bolsheviks.
2024:
2006:
1963:
1957:
1918:
1907:
1892:
1833:
1647:
1639:
1447:
1414:
1272:
1252:Post-classical history
1190:
1126:
1092:developed theories of
1024:
901:
652:
636:Women in ancient Egypt
618:. Some Babylonian and
582:
315:Other groups of rights
54:
32:Women's Rights (album)
16591:Women in peacekeeping
16131:Revisionist mythology
15570:Children's literature
14481:Belmont–Paul Monument
14408:Freedom Summer (1964)
14285:Women's Sunday (1908)
13771:List of global issues
12690:Amnesty International
12454:. Conventions.coe.int
12309:Amnesty International
9844:18 April 2015 at the
9080:Tadeusz Swietochowski
6203:Thomas A. J. McGinn,
5791:Gerhard, Ute (2001).
5547:Gerhard, Ute (2001).
5128:Men's rights movement
5108:List of global issues
4891:enforced prostitution
4753:
4646:
4580:, was adopted by the
4553:, was adopted by the
4489:
4440:
4408:
4367:
4341:
4264:
4070:
3915:
3898:, Secretary of Labor
3840:
3714:Under male-dominated
3678:Freedom from violence
3660:reproductive coercion
3630:, often as part of a
3603:
3496:gender based violence
3447:
3417:in the 20th century.
3353:
3238:
3228:
3218:
3210:
3124:
3107:Further information:
3036:
3028:
2852:
2840:
2826:Kirchberg v. Feenstra
2793:Harriet Beecher Stowe
2581:
2573:
2561:
2553:
2470:Further information:
2454:
2408:
2370:Marriage by abduction
2334:Appenzell Innerrhoden
2326:Constitution of Japan
2287:
2242:Further information:
2201:Nellie Mooney McClung
2162:
2019:
1996:
1959:
1951:
1913:
1898:
1883:
1860:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1814:
1805:Further information:
1715:, and the prophetess
1645:
1620:
1456:The Laws of Hywel Dda
1445:
1412:
1259:
1231:However, in 1949 the
1181:
1158:Leonine Constitutions
1134:Further information:
1123:
1103:Hypatia of Alexandria
1022:
1011:Roman law recognized
962:ius tritium liberorum
895:
888:Women in ancient Rome
886:Further information:
709:Further information:
643:
573:
135:Rights by beneficiary
42:
16033:Pathways perspective
15878:Gender mainstreaming
15799:Substantive equality
15779:Reproductive justice
15729:Matriarchal religion
15582:Diversity (politics)
14746:Shoulder to Shoulder
14715:The Mother of Us All
14658:Women's Equality Day
14653:Susan B. Anthony Day
14507:Suffragette Memorial
14112:District of Columbia
13882:Non-resident citizen
13653:in the United States
13428:in Jammu and Kashmir
12974:Fundamental concepts
12822:. pp. 173–176.
12688:. 22 February 2001.
12665:on 12 February 2009.
12610:7 March 2008 at the
12590:on 12 December 2007.
12450:Bureau des Traités.
12326:28 June 2009 at the
12303:28 June 2009 at the
11917:6 April 2011 at the
10566:Birth Control Review
10027:Psychiatry (Edgmont)
9946:"Maternal mortality"
9486:"Eight point agenda"
8543:6 March 2016 at the
8524:Human Rights Watch,
8440:Zirin, Mary (2015).
7126:on 22 September 2020
6812:. 1st Book Library.
6396:39.4 (1997), p. 651.
6115:Bauman, Richard A.,
5955:Roman Law in Context
5021:Trafficking Protocol
5011:Trafficking Protocol
4711:Istanbul Conventions
4482:Regional conventions
4462:unanimously adopted
4238:Woman, Life, Freedom
4232:Woman, Life, Freedom
4102:. It was founded by
3904:Open Vault from WGBH
3770:1985 by voters in a
3734:. Practices such as
3728:Head and Master laws
3378:voluntary motherhood
3356:Birth Control Review
3333:forced sterilization
3309:education and access
3285:voluntary motherhood
3081:wrongful confinement
2785:Paulina Wright Davis
2702:Prince Edward Island
2232:court of last resort
2197:Irene Marryat Parlby
1832:, published in 1792.
1276:Religious scriptures
1111:bishop of Alexandria
1098:senators and knights
1037:traditional morality
433:Water and sanitation
48:Christabel Pankhurst
16616:Feminism portal
16496:Ecofeminist authors
16346:Trinidad and Tobago
16286:Republic of Ireland
16146:Composition studies
15829:Women's empowerment
15784:Sex workers' rights
15709:Feminist capitalism
15689:Internalized sexism
15622:Feminism in culture
15500:Kurdish (Jineology)
14613:Hunger Strike Medal
14290:Black Friday (1910)
13638:in the Soviet Union
13538:in Papua New Guinea
13188:Human rights abuses
13146:Human rights abuses
13050:Corporal punishment
12892:Library of Congress
12486:on 21 February 2015
12380:. Council of Europe
12113:on 6 September 2015
12087:on 6 September 2015
11684:on 2 September 2011
11611:"Waves of Feminism"
11541:. 29 September 2017
11320:. 23 September 1985
10967:on 14 November 2008
10941:on 14 November 2008
10915:on 12 November 2008
10624:on 29 December 2010
10083:on 12 February 2018
9875:on 10 February 2017
9771:on 20 February 2019
9564:10.1017/bhj.2023.41
9192:on 23 December 2016
8063:Phillips, Melanie,
7988:. National Archives
7906:Walters, Margaret,
7831:. 9 December 2019.
7627:"Equality Act 2010"
6386:Nussbaum, Martha C.
5893:A. N. Sherwin-White
5675:(2). Archived from
5663:Pry, Kay O (2012).
5514:Nardo, Don (2000).
5143:Sex workers' rights
5083:History of feminism
4885:, recognises rape,
4717:Istanbul Convention
4700:forced prostitution
4663:-related violence,
4594:reproductive health
4499:Istanbul Convention
4430:on 25 June 1993 in
4386:Polygamous marriage
4301: Non-signatory
4203:Resolution 63/311.
4158:in Beijing (1995),
4077:Loujain al-Hathloul
3658:). It is a form of
3610:reproductive health
3434:reproductive health
3430:sexual reproduction
3425:Reproductive rights
3274:Beijing Declaration
3262:reproductive health
3203:Reproductive rights
3197:Reproductive rights
2989:reproductive health
2959:, the ECHR defined
2872:Freedom of movement
2833:Freedom of movement
2509:reproductive rights
2464:UK Medical Register
2456:Elizabeth Blackwell
2230:, at that time the
2009:In his 1869 essay "
1969:Mary Wollstonecraft
1885:Mary Wollstonecraft
1875:University of Halle
1841:, the abolition of
1839:freedom of religion
1824:Mary Wollstonecraft
1735:missionaries found
1673:Malleus Maleficarum
1663:Summis Desiderantes
1657:Malleus Maleficarum
1628:Malleus Maleficarum
1368:Islamic legislation
851:freedom of movement
788:headed by the male
626:deities were male.
532:reproductive rights
526:, to fair wages or
117:Civil and political
15991:Literary criticism
15868:Complementarianism
15592:Effects on society
15560:Complementarianism
15367:Women's liberation
14756:(1999 documentary)
14623:Suffrage jewellery
13847:Universal suffrage
13633:in the Philippines
13158:Crime of apartheid
12526:on 12 October 2012
12334:, 7 February 2006.
11937:. 11 December 2015
11745:on 15 January 2013
11648:. 27 January 2000.
11589:Open Vault at WGBH
11458:The New York Times
11318:The New York Times
11163:on 20 October 2017
10867:. 14 February 2017
10363:on 20 January 2008
9626:www.interights.org
9166:. CNN. 16 May 2005
8834:. pp. 193–95.
8536:Werner, Cynthia, "
8348:. Gardners Books.
8013:"Women's Suffrage"
7745:Offen, K. (2000):
7652:. Lonang Institute
6851:, 2nd revised Ed.
6826:on 10 January 1998
6774:Frank L. Caw, Jr.
6659:, at Google Books.
6580:on 16 October 2015
6303:, p. 119; McGinn,
6158:Staples, Ariadne,
6147:Women and Politics
6130:Women and Politics
5924:, pp. 31–32, 457,
5736:Pomeroy, Sarah B.
5193:Cuba–OAS relations
4935:sexual enslavement
4923:Geneva Conventions
4784:sexual penetration
4780:sexual intercourse
4772:
4533:
4361:Article 16 of the
4310:
4104:Wajeha al-Huwaider
4085:
3925:
3858:
3846:Finnish Parliament
3606:
3546:October Revolution
3512:Human Rights Watch
3450:
3406:population control
3364:
3354:Cover of the 1919
3245:
3233:
3223:
3213:
3158:non-discrimination
3127:
3109:Right to education
3103:Right to education
3043:
3031:
3008:stipulates in its
3001:maternal mortality
2972:sexual intercourse
2869:
2847:
2729:Dominican Republic
2604:universal suffrage
2584:
2576:
2568:
2556:
2492:until 1965 and in
2468:
2419:
2290:
2181:
2129:October Revolution
2066:Emmeline Pankhurst
2007:
1984:Catharine Macaulay
1958:
1932:, modelled on the
1919:
1914:First page of the
1908:
1893:
1847:universal suffrage
1834:
1701:English Common Law
1648:
1640:
1535:and the Norwegian
1448:
1415:
1387:pre-Islamic Arabia
1383:female infanticide
1364:Annemarie Schimmel
1287:Women in the Bible
1273:
1269:Kingdom of Dahomey
1191:
1127:
1094:just relationships
1082:Stoic philosophies
1025:
902:
872:Stoic philosophers
829:Hellenistic period
818:Athenian democracy
699:Gandharva marriage
653:
648:on display at the
583:
510:, to be free from
492:feminist movements
55:
16645:
16644:
16599:
16598:
16008:Political ecology
15914:Écriture féminine
15814:Triple oppression
15804:Toxic masculinity
15789:Sexual harassment
15649:Feminist stripper
15627:Feminist movement
15541:
15540:
15479:Ethnic and racial
15080:
15079:
14851:
14850:
14762:Iron Jawed Angels
14684:Umbrella Movement
14628:Suffragette penny
14542:Millicent Fawcett
14513:Portrait Monument
14421:
14420:
14275:WSPU march (1906)
14092:African Americans
14010:Spain (Civil War,
13902:Compulsory voting
13799:
13798:
13781:Three generations
13141:
13140:
13058:
13057:
12837:978-1-4129-6580-4
12810:978-0-19-513067-6
12791:978-0-674-95473-1
12731:. Ohchr.org. 1956
12564:on 1 October 2008
12553:Rhodes University
12545:Navanethem Pillay
12330:, press release,
12307:, press release,
12147:. 10 October 2019
11986:. 10 October 2022
11935:Equal Means Equal
11571:978-952-222-724-9
11460:. 17 October 1976
11293:countrystudies.us
10800:. 15 April 2016.
10746:978-0-252-02764-2
10716:978-0-252-02764-2
10686:978-0-252-02764-2
10656:978-0-7656-0772-0
10595:978-0-8142-0954-7
10332:978-0-252-02764-2
10302:978-0-252-02764-2
10275:978-0-252-02764-2
10248:978-0-252-02764-2
10210:"Gender Equality"
9796:Pharmacy Practice
9466:. 2 February 2016
9440:on 20 August 2019
9288:Project MUSE
9119:. 25 January 2016
9117:National Archives
9100:978-1-86064-822-9
9092:978-0-231-07068-3
9066:978-1-78099-161-0
8883:countrystudies.us
8811:on 12 August 2013
8785:on 12 August 2013
8759:on 4 October 2013
8603:on 23 August 2018
8555:, 2004, pp. 59–89
8249:978-1-894004-76-3
8134:978-0-19-514890-9
8047:978-0-312-21853-9
7968:978-0-7766-0558-6
7941:978-0-8122-1854-1
7916:978-0-19-280510-2
7876:978-0-415-05585-7
7732:978-0-8122-1854-1
7705:978-0-7766-0558-6
7517:978-0-7425-1189-7
7457:978-0-19-514890-9
7183:. Boydell Press.
6968:978-0-02-865742-4
6904:978-0-7914-1327-2
6845:Esposito, John L.
6819:978-0-7596-4037-5
6782:on 12 August 2003
6745:978-1-61097-627-5
6499:978-0-19-514890-9
6430:978-0-19-514890-9
6330:978-0-521-61483-2
5918:Roman Citizenship
5897:Roman Citizenship
5879:978-0-19-514890-9
5839:978-90-04-09327-0
5824:Colish, Marcia L.
5804:978-0-8135-2905-9
5777:978-0-631-23394-7
5723:978-0-313-31072-0
5695:Pomeroy, Sarah B.
5644:978-0-631-23394-7
5617:978-0-674-95473-1
5590:978-0-674-95473-1
5560:978-0-8135-2905-9
5276:978-0-226-45238-8
5238:978-0-8018-8374-3
5103:List of feminists
5037:Palermo protocols
4857:Navanethem Pillay
4842:Jean-Paul Akayesu
4838:international law
4812:intent to destroy
4734:Council of Europe
4729:domestic violence
4692:sexual harassment
4609:Council of Europe
4518: Only signed
4307:
4306:
4295: Only signed
4170:Millennium Summit
3945:League of Nations
3920:, the founder of
3910:
3909:
3888:Eleanor Roosevelt
3819:crimes of passion
3374:family limitation
3089:Elizabeth Packard
2812:privy examination
2485:British Hong Kong
2477:Employment rights
2062:Millicent Fawcett
1938:French Revolution
1867:Dorothea Erxleben
1729:patriarchal order
1725:Anglo-Saxon women
1631:, 1520 (from the
1372:letter of the law
1356:marriage contract
1336:Islamic community
1233:Republic of China
1041:moral legislation
585:Women in ancient
469:
468:
127:Three generations
16:(Redirected from
16711:
16686:
16685:
16684:
16674:
16673:
16662:
16661:
16660:
16653:
16635:
16634:
16625:
16624:
16614:
16613:
16612:
16480:
16479:
16463:History of women
15939:Political theory
15841:
15834:Women-only space
15719:Likeability trap
15684:Invisible labour
15602:Female education
15093:
15092:
15088:
15048:African-American
14978:Women's suffrage
14969:
14956:Feminist history
14898:
14897:
14878:
14871:
14864:
14855:
14854:
14674:Age of candidacy
14607:Holloway Jingles
14581:Pankhurst Centre
14552:(2008 sculpture)
14475:Leser v. Garnett
14280:Mud March (1907)
14164:
14163:
14097:Native Americans
13907:Disfranchisement
13826:
13819:
13812:
13803:
13802:
13553:in Punjab, India
13178:Forced migration
13088:
13087:
12981:
12980:
12976:and philosophies
12931:
12924:
12917:
12908:
12907:
12857:
12814:
12795:
12765:
12764:
12762:
12760:
12755:
12747:
12741:
12740:
12738:
12736:
12725:
12719:
12718:
12716:
12714:
12699:
12693:
12676:
12667:
12666:
12661:. Archived from
12655:
12646:
12643:
12637:
12636:
12634:
12632:
12627:. United Nations
12621:
12615:
12598:
12592:
12591:
12586:. Archived from
12580:
12574:
12573:
12571:
12569:
12560:. Archived from
12549:doctorate of law
12542:
12536:
12535:
12533:
12531:
12516:
12510:
12509:
12503:
12495:
12493:
12491:
12485:
12479:. Archived from
12478:
12470:
12464:
12463:
12461:
12459:
12452:"Liste complète"
12447:
12441:
12440:
12438:
12436:
12430:
12422:
12416:
12415:
12413:
12411:
12405:un-documents.net
12396:
12390:
12389:
12387:
12385:
12374:
12368:
12367:
12365:
12363:
12358:on 15 April 2012
12357:
12351:. Archived from
12350:
12341:
12335:
12318:
12312:
12295:
12289:
12288:
12286:
12284:
12274:
12266:
12260:
12257:
12251:
12250:
12248:
12246:
12235:
12229:
12228:
12226:
12224:
12210:
12204:
12203:
12201:
12199:
12194:. United Nations
12188:
12182:
12181:
12179:
12177:
12172:. United Nations
12166:
12157:
12156:
12154:
12152:
12141:
12135:
12134:, Article 2 (e).
12129:
12123:
12122:
12120:
12118:
12103:
12097:
12096:
12094:
12092:
12077:
12071:
12070:
12068:
12066:
12056:
12047:
12046:
12044:
12042:
12028:
12022:
12021:
12019:
12017:
12002:
11996:
11995:
11993:
11991:
11976:
11970:
11969:
11967:
11965:
11953:
11947:
11946:
11944:
11942:
11927:
11921:
11905:
11899:
11898:
11887:
11881:
11878:
11872:
11871:
11869:
11861:
11855:
11854:
11843:
11837:
11836:
11834:
11832:
11821:
11815:
11814:
11812:
11810:
11791:
11785:
11784:
11782:
11780:
11761:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11750:
11741:. Archived from
11731:
11725:
11722:
11716:
11715:
11713:
11711:
11700:
11694:
11693:
11691:
11689:
11674:
11668:
11665:
11659:
11656:
11650:
11649:
11638:
11632:
11629:
11623:
11622:
11620:
11618:
11607:
11601:
11600:
11598:
11596:
11581:
11575:
11574:
11557:
11551:
11550:
11548:
11546:
11531:
11522:
11521:
11519:
11517:
11502:
11496:
11495:
11493:
11491:
11476:
11470:
11469:
11467:
11465:
11450:
11444:
11442:
11440:
11438:
11428:
11422:
11421:
11419:
11417:
11406:
11400:
11399:
11387:
11381:
11380:
11378:
11376:
11362:
11356:
11355:
11353:
11351:
11336:
11330:
11329:
11327:
11325:
11310:
11304:
11303:
11301:
11299:
11285:
11279:
11278:
11271:
11265:
11264:
11262:
11260:
11249:
11243:
11242:
11240:
11238:
11224:
11218:
11217:
11207:
11179:
11173:
11172:
11170:
11168:
11162:
11155:
11144:
11138:
11137:
11135:
11133:
11123:"Child marriage"
11119:
11113:
11112:
11110:
11108:
11103:on 14 March 2013
11099:. Archived from
11089:
11080:
11079:
11077:
11075:
11065:"Child marriage"
11061:
11055:
11054:
11052:
11050:
11044:
11036:
11030:
11029:
11027:
11025:
11014:
11008:
11005:
10999:
10998:
10996:
10994:
10983:
10977:
10976:
10974:
10972:
10957:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10946:
10931:
10925:
10924:
10922:
10920:
10905:
10899:
10898:
10896:
10894:
10889:. United Nations
10883:
10877:
10876:
10874:
10872:
10857:
10851:
10850:
10848:
10846:
10823:
10817:
10816:
10814:
10812:
10806:
10799:
10791:
10785:
10784:
10782:
10780:
10757:
10751:
10750:
10730:
10721:
10720:
10700:
10691:
10690:
10670:
10661:
10660:
10640:
10634:
10633:
10631:
10629:
10620:. Archived from
10612:Galvin, Rachel.
10609:
10600:
10599:
10579:
10570:
10569:
10557:
10551:
10550:
10548:
10546:
10532:
10526:
10525:
10523:
10521:
10507:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10491:
10480:
10471:
10470:
10434:
10421:
10420:
10384:
10373:
10372:
10370:
10368:
10348:
10337:
10336:
10316:
10307:
10306:
10286:
10280:
10279:
10259:
10253:
10252:
10232:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10221:
10206:
10200:
10199:
10197:
10195:
10181:
10175:
10174:
10160:
10154:
10153:
10151:
10149:
10135:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10124:
10113:
10107:
10106:
10100:
10092:
10090:
10088:
10082:
10076:. Archived from
10075:
10067:
10061:
10060:
10050:
10018:
10012:
10011:
10004:
9998:
9997:
9986:
9980:
9979:
9977:
9975:
9964:
9958:
9957:
9955:
9953:
9942:
9936:
9935:
9933:
9931:
9917:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9906:
9901:on 17 March 2019
9891:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9880:
9874:
9867:
9859:
9853:
9836:
9830:
9829:
9819:
9787:
9781:
9780:
9778:
9776:
9770:
9763:
9755:
9744:
9743:
9741:
9739:
9728:
9717:
9716:
9714:
9712:
9702:
9696:
9695:
9693:
9691:
9677:
9671:
9670:
9668:
9666:
9655:
9649:
9643:
9637:
9636:
9634:
9632:
9622:"INTERIGHTS.org"
9618:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9607:
9601:
9593:
9587:
9586:
9576:
9566:
9542:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9531:
9525:un-documents.net
9517:
9508:
9507:
9505:
9503:
9497:
9490:
9482:
9476:
9475:
9473:
9471:
9456:
9450:
9449:
9447:
9445:
9436:. Archived from
9426:
9420:
9419:
9417:
9415:
9400:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9389:
9384:
9376:
9370:
9369:
9367:
9365:
9354:
9348:
9347:
9345:
9343:
9334:. Archived from
9328:
9322:
9321:
9319:
9317:
9302:
9296:
9295:
9259:
9253:
9252:
9250:
9248:
9234:
9228:
9227:
9225:
9223:
9218:on 5 August 2012
9208:
9202:
9201:
9199:
9197:
9182:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9171:
9160:
9154:
9153:
9151:
9149:
9135:
9129:
9128:
9126:
9124:
9109:
9103:
9077:
9071:
9070:
9050:
9044:
9041:
9035:
9034:
9032:
9030:
9016:
9010:
9009:
8981:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8964:
8958:. Archived from
8957:
8949:
8943:
8942:
8940:
8938:
8927:
8921:
8920:
8900:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8889:
8875:
8869:
8868:
8852:
8842:
8836:
8835:
8827:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8816:
8801:
8795:
8794:
8792:
8790:
8775:
8769:
8768:
8766:
8764:
8755:. Archived from
8745:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8734:
8719:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8708:
8693:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8682:
8673:. Archived from
8662:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8651:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8629:The Conversation
8619:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8608:
8599:. Archived from
8593:
8587:
8574:
8568:
8562:
8556:
8534:
8528:
8522:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8492:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8481:
8476:on 21 April 2022
8472:. Archived from
8462:
8456:
8455:
8437:
8431:
8430:
8412:
8403:
8402:
8400:
8398:
8387:
8378:
8377:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8339:
8333:
8332:
8320:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8285:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8274:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8229:
8223:
8222:
8210:
8200:
8194:
8193:
8173:
8164:
8163:
8145:
8139:
8138:
8114:
8089:
8086:
8080:
8077:
8068:
8061:
8052:
8051:
8031:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8009:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7982:
7973:
7972:
7952:
7946:
7945:
7925:
7919:
7910:(Oxford, 2005),
7904:
7898:
7887:
7881:
7880:
7860:
7854:
7851:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7840:
7825:
7819:
7818:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7792:
7786:
7785:
7784:. 15 March 2019.
7774:
7768:
7767:
7766:. 17 March 2017.
7756:
7750:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7716:
7710:
7709:
7689:
7683:
7668:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7657:
7645:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7623:
7617:
7616:
7596:
7587:
7586:
7562:
7541:
7535:
7529:
7526:
7520:
7503:
7497:
7496:
7468:
7462:
7461:
7437:
7416:
7415:
7397:
7386:
7385:
7365:
7346:
7328:
7323:
7317:
7313:
7302:
7295:
7284:
7274:
7269:
7263:
7253:
7248:
7235:
7234:
7216:
7195:
7194:
7174:
7163:
7162:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7122:. Archived from
7112:
7106:
7105:
7085:
7066:
7065:
7047:
7030:
7029:
7009:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6986:
6980:
6977:
6971:
6960:
6954:
6940:
6934:
6924:
6918:
6915:
6909:
6908:
6888:
6882:
6879:
6873:
6870:
6864:
6842:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6831:
6822:. Archived from
6803:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6778:. Archived from
6771:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6752:
6737:
6727:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6691:on 3 April 2012.
6690:
6675:
6666:
6660:
6654:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6638:
6630:
6624:
6621:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6579:
6572:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6545:. BiblioBazaar.
6536:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6510:
6504:
6503:
6479:
6464:
6463:
6452:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6410:
6397:
6383:
6377:
6370:
6364:
6357:
6351:
6344:Marietta Horster
6341:
6335:
6334:
6314:
6308:
6297:
6291:
6284:
6278:
6231:
6225:
6218:
6212:
6194:
6188:
6177:
6171:
6156:
6150:
6143:
6137:
6126:
6120:
6113:
6107:
6100:
6094:
6083:
6077:
6070:
6064:
6057:
6051:
6044:
6038:
6037:, pp. 19–20, 22.
6031:
6025:
6018:
6012:
5998:
5992:
5985:
5979:
5972:
5966:
5953:David Johnston,
5951:
5942:
5935:
5929:
5914:
5908:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5859:
5844:
5843:
5820:
5809:
5808:
5788:
5782:
5781:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5707:
5701:
5692:
5681:
5680:
5669:Sabre and Scroll
5660:
5649:
5648:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5574:
5565:
5564:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5521:
5511:
5502:
5501:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5448:
5442:
5438:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5407:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5388:InfoChange India
5382:Madhok, Sujata.
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5297:
5280:
5279:
5256:
5241:
5226:
5220:
5213:
5196:
5185:
5068:Gender apartheid
5064:, an early essay
5055:Female education
4895:forced pregnancy
4824:Rwandan genocide
4596:, and an end to
4529:
4524: Not signed
4523:
4517:
4511:
4505:
4300:
4294:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4201:General Assembly
4042:women's suffrage
3965:select committee
3881:
3880:
3872:
3860:
3859:
3833:Modern movements
3823:crime passionnel
3636:bride kidnapping
3622:Forced pregnancy
3616:Forced pregnancy
3523:Christian faiths
3394:British colonies
3186:Radovan Karadžić
3113:Female education
2661:(1934), and the
2615:Nordic countries
2600:women's suffrage
2546:Women's suffrage
2505:maternity rights
2447:Equal employment
2411:South Australian
2294:Japanese society
2254:women's suffrage
2165:downtown Calgary
2081:Separate spheres
2077:department store
2036:House of Commons
2015:John Stuart Mill
2003:John Stuart Mill
1980:Damaris Cudworth
1926:Olympe de Gouges
1742:The philosopher
1513:Harald Bluetooth
1432:Jacques de Vitry
1314:Islamic feminism
1245:New Marriage Law
1199:Three Obediences
1130:Byzantine Empire
1107:prefect of Egypt
943:of Julius Caesar
825:classical Athens
774:private property
732:
723:
504:bodily integrity
461:
454:
447:
408:Rest and leisure
71:
57:
56:
52:women's suffrage
50:campaigning for
21:
16719:
16718:
16714:
16713:
16712:
16710:
16709:
16708:
16694:
16693:
16692:
16682:
16680:
16668:
16658:
16656:
16648:
16646:
16641:
16632:
16610:
16608:
16595:
16539:
16471:
16470:
16469:
16378:Northern Cyprus
16150:
16141:Science fiction
15934:Oedipus complex
15894:Women's studies
15855:
15854:
15853:
15839:
15749:Oedipus complex
15739:Men in feminism
15704:Language reform
15679:Ideal womanhood
15659:Gender equality
15654:Formal equality
15617:Feminationalism
15555:Cognitive labor
15537:
15505:Native American
15474:
15473:
15472:
15371:
15281:Post-structural
15086:
15076:
14972:
14965:
14961:Women's history
14939:
14887:
14882:
14852:
14847:
14812:(upcoming film)
14738:Votes for Women
14694:
14688:
14662:
14601:Holloway brooch
14596:Holloway banner
14427:
14417:
14386:Night of Terror
14319:
14263:
14155:
13916:
13835:
13830:
13800:
13795:
13754:
13583:in South Africa
13573:in Sierra Leone
13568:in Saudi Arabia
13298:in Burkina Faso
13253:in Azad Kashmir
13137:
13079:
13054:
13038:
13007:
12977:
12975:
12968:
12959:Intersex people
12940:
12935:
12882:Wayback Machine
12864:
12838:
12811:
12792:
12774:
12769:
12768:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12749:
12748:
12744:
12734:
12732:
12727:
12726:
12722:
12712:
12710:
12701:
12700:
12696:
12686:Wayback Machine
12677:
12670:
12657:
12656:
12649:
12644:
12640:
12630:
12628:
12623:
12622:
12618:
12612:Wayback Machine
12599:
12595:
12582:
12581:
12577:
12567:
12565:
12556:
12543:
12539:
12529:
12527:
12518:
12517:
12513:
12497:
12496:
12489:
12487:
12483:
12476:
12474:"Archived copy"
12472:
12471:
12467:
12457:
12455:
12448:
12444:
12434:
12432:
12428:
12424:
12423:
12419:
12409:
12407:
12397:
12393:
12383:
12381:
12376:
12375:
12371:
12361:
12359:
12355:
12348:
12342:
12338:
12328:Wayback Machine
12319:
12315:
12311:, 22 July 2003.
12305:Wayback Machine
12296:
12292:
12282:
12280:
12272:
12268:
12267:
12263:
12258:
12254:
12244:
12242:
12237:
12236:
12232:
12222:
12220:
12212:
12211:
12207:
12197:
12195:
12190:
12189:
12185:
12175:
12173:
12168:
12167:
12160:
12150:
12148:
12143:
12142:
12138:
12130:
12126:
12116:
12114:
12105:
12104:
12100:
12090:
12088:
12079:
12078:
12074:
12064:
12062:
12058:
12057:
12050:
12040:
12038:
12030:
12029:
12025:
12015:
12013:
12011:Financial Times
12003:
11999:
11989:
11987:
11978:
11977:
11973:
11963:
11961:
11954:
11950:
11940:
11938:
11929:
11928:
11924:
11919:Wayback Machine
11907:United Nations
11906:
11902:
11889:
11888:
11884:
11879:
11875:
11867:
11863:
11862:
11858:
11845:
11844:
11840:
11830:
11828:
11823:
11822:
11818:
11808:
11806:
11793:
11792:
11788:
11778:
11776:
11763:
11762:
11758:
11748:
11746:
11733:
11732:
11728:
11723:
11719:
11709:
11707:
11702:
11701:
11697:
11687:
11685:
11676:
11675:
11671:
11666:
11662:
11657:
11653:
11640:
11639:
11635:
11630:
11626:
11616:
11614:
11613:. Jofreeman.com
11609:
11608:
11604:
11594:
11592:
11583:
11582:
11578:
11572:
11558:
11554:
11544:
11542:
11533:
11532:
11525:
11515:
11513:
11504:
11503:
11499:
11489:
11487:
11478:
11477:
11473:
11463:
11461:
11452:
11451:
11447:
11436:
11434:
11430:
11429:
11425:
11415:
11413:
11408:
11407:
11403:
11393:
11388:
11384:
11374:
11372:
11364:
11363:
11359:
11349:
11347:
11338:
11337:
11333:
11323:
11321:
11312:
11311:
11307:
11297:
11295:
11287:
11286:
11282:
11273:
11272:
11268:
11258:
11256:
11251:
11250:
11246:
11236:
11234:
11226:
11225:
11221:
11180:
11176:
11166:
11164:
11160:
11153:
11145:
11141:
11131:
11129:
11121:
11120:
11116:
11106:
11104:
11091:
11090:
11083:
11073:
11071:
11063:
11062:
11058:
11048:
11046:
11042:
11038:
11037:
11033:
11023:
11021:
11016:
11015:
11011:
11006:
11002:
10992:
10990:
10985:
10984:
10980:
10970:
10968:
10959:
10958:
10954:
10944:
10942:
10933:
10932:
10928:
10918:
10916:
10907:
10906:
10902:
10892:
10890:
10885:
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10808:
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10788:
10778:
10776:
10758:
10754:
10747:
10733:Gordon (2002).
10731:
10724:
10717:
10703:Gordon (2002).
10701:
10694:
10687:
10673:Gordon (2002).
10671:
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10499:
10489:
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10481:
10474:
10451:10.2307/2939211
10435:
10424:
10401:10.2307/2950752
10385:
10376:
10366:
10364:
10349:
10340:
10333:
10319:Gordon (2002).
10317:
10310:
10303:
10289:Gordon (2002).
10287:
10283:
10276:
10262:Gordon (2002).
10260:
10256:
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10094:
10093:
10086:
10084:
10080:
10073:
10071:"Archived copy"
10069:
10068:
10064:
10019:
10015:
10010:. 22 June 2021.
10006:
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9893:
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9876:
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9865:
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9860:
9856:
9846:Wayback Machine
9837:
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9479:
9469:
9467:
9458:
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9453:
9443:
9441:
9428:
9427:
9423:
9413:
9411:
9410:on 14 June 2006
9402:
9401:
9397:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:"Layout copy 6"
9378:
9377:
9373:
9363:
9361:
9356:
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9341:
9339:
9338:on 6 April 2011
9330:
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8777:
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8772:
8762:
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8742:
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8706:
8704:
8695:
8694:
8690:
8680:
8678:
8677:on 16 July 2012
8663:
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8641:
8637:
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8616:
8606:
8604:
8595:
8594:
8590:
8585:Wayback Machine
8575:
8571:
8563:
8559:
8545:Wayback Machine
8535:
8531:
8523:
8519:
8509:
8507:
8506:on 26 July 2021
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8010:
8001:
7991:
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7983:
7976:
7969:
7953:
7949:
7942:
7928:Lauren (2003).
7926:
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7877:
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7706:
7690:
7686:
7670:Tomory, Peter.
7669:
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7523:
7504:
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7438:
7419:
7412:
7398:
7389:
7382:
7374:. GRIN Verlag.
7366:
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7026:
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7006:
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6987:
6983:
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6974:
6961:
6957:
6951:Comparative law
6941:
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6467:
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6400:
6384:
6380:
6371:
6367:
6358:
6354:
6342:
6338:
6331:
6315:
6311:
6298:
6294:
6285:
6281:
6263:Liber Regularum
6232:
6228:
6219:
6215:
6195:
6191:
6178:
6174:
6157:
6153:
6144:
6140:
6127:
6123:
6114:
6110:
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6097:
6084:
6080:
6071:
6067:
6058:
6054:
6045:
6041:
6032:
6028:
6019:
6015:
5999:
5995:
5986:
5982:
5973:
5969:
5952:
5945:
5936:
5932:
5915:
5911:
5891:
5887:
5880:
5860:
5847:
5840:
5821:
5812:
5805:
5789:
5785:
5778:
5762:
5758:
5750:
5746:
5735:
5731:
5724:
5708:
5704:
5693:
5684:
5679:on 13 May 2017.
5661:
5652:
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5618:
5602:
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5283:
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5223:
5214:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5186:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5050:
5025:UN TIP Protocol
5013:
4984:
4982:Forced marriage
4974:
4933:, torture, and
4875:
4869:
4840:. The trial of
4826:
4820:
4748:
4742:
4713:
4626:
4621:
4578:Maputo Protocol
4547:
4541:Maputo Protocol
4535:Main articles:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4495:Maputo Protocol
4484:
4476:armed conflicts
4456:
4450:
4424:
4418:
4374:
4370:
4359:
4350:gender equality
4308:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4259:
4253:
4248:
4240:
4234:
4222:
4209:
4166:gender equality
4125:
4054:the environment
4044:, immigration,
3986:In the US, the
3961:Willie Hamilton
3900:Arthur Goldberg
3896:John F. Kennedy
3890:, chair of the
3886:
3878:
3863:External videos
3854:Miina Sillanpää
3835:
3803:Southern Europe
3763:permiso marital
3712:
3680:
3632:forced marriage
3624:
3618:
3598:
3592:
3565:
3559:
3527:Christian right
3521:and many other
3519:Catholic Church
3442:
3402:family planning
3382:Margaret Sanger
3360:Margaret Sanger
3358:, published by
3348:
3329:forced abortion
3250:
3220:Margaret Sanger
3205:
3199:
3166:gender equality
3119:
3105:
3058:right to health
3023:
3021:Right to health
2977:within marriage
2949:maternity leave
2932:
2919:
2835:
2821:Head and master
2777:
2775:Property rights
2548:
2542:
2517:paternity leave
2513:Maternity leave
2474:
2449:
2444:
2431:South Australia
2421:The history of
2403:
2398:
2362:
2282:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2258:Frances Willard
2246:
2240:
2189:The Famous Five
2173:Parliament Hill
2157:
2152:
2109:Peter the Great
2105:
2054:Reform Act 1832
2041:property owners
1978:contemporaries
1954:Melbourne Punch
1904:social activist
1809:
1803:
1677:Heinrich Kramer
1625:edition of the
1615:
1610:
1605:
1568:) and oracles (
1472:
1470:Northern Europe
1419:council of Adge
1407:
1391:medieval Europe
1320:
1302:
1294:Exodus 21:10–11
1289:
1283:
1278:
1261:Dahomey Amazons
1254:
1176:
1168:Main articles:
1166:
1138:
1132:
947:Imperial period
925:, however, was
890:
884:
742:
741:
740:
739:
735:
734:
733:
725:
724:
713:
711:Women in Greece
707:
675:
669:
661:legal contracts
638:
632:
568:
563:
561:Ancient history
558:
548:
512:sexual violence
465:
338:Civil liberties
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Rights of women
15:
12:
11:
5:
16717:
16707:
16706:
16704:Women's rights
16691:
16690:
16678:
16666:
16643:
16642:
16640:
16639:
16629:
16619:
16604:
16601:
16600:
16597:
16596:
16594:
16593:
16588:
16584:SCUM Manifesto
16580:
16575:
16570:
16569:
16568:
16563:
16553:
16547:
16545:
16541:
16540:
16538:
16533:
16528:
16523:
16518:
16513:
16508:
16503:
16498:
16493:
16488:
16486:
16477:
16473:
16472:
16468:
16467:
16466:
16465:
16455:
16453:United Kingdom
16450:
16445:
16440:
16435:
16430:
16425:
16420:
16415:
16410:
16405:
16400:
16395:
16390:
16385:
16380:
16375:
16370:
16365:
16360:
16355:
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16348:
16343:
16338:
16333:
16328:
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16268:
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16218:
16213:
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16196:
16191:
16186:
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16176:
16171:
16160:
16159:
16158:
16156:
16152:
16151:
16149:
16148:
16143:
16138:
16133:
16128:
16126:Existentialism
16123:
16118:
16113:
16112:
16111:
16101:
16096:
16095:
16094:
16089:
16084:
16082:Existentialism
16079:
16078:
16077:
16075:Justice ethics
16067:
16062:
16057:
16047:
16042:
16037:
16036:
16035:
16025:
16020:
16015:
16010:
16005:
16000:
15999:
15998:
15993:
15988:
15978:
15973:
15968:
15963:
15958:
15957:
15956:
15951:
15941:
15936:
15931:
15926:
15921:
15916:
15911:
15906:
15901:
15896:
15891:
15885:
15880:
15875:
15873:Gender studies
15870:
15865:
15863:
15857:
15856:
15852:
15851:
15846:
15845:Women's rights
15843:
15840:Women's health
15836:
15831:
15826:
15821:
15816:
15811:
15806:
15801:
15796:
15791:
15786:
15781:
15776:
15771:
15766:
15761:
15756:
15751:
15746:
15741:
15736:
15731:
15726:
15724:Male privilege
15721:
15716:
15711:
15706:
15701:
15693:International
15691:
15686:
15681:
15676:
15671:
15666:
15661:
15656:
15651:
15646:
15645:
15644:
15639:
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15619:
15614:
15609:
15604:
15599:
15594:
15589:
15584:
15579:
15574:
15573:
15572:
15562:
15557:
15551:
15550:
15549:
15547:
15543:
15542:
15539:
15538:
15536:
15531:
15526:
15525:
15524:
15514:
15513:
15512:
15507:
15502:
15492:
15487:
15482:
15480:
15476:
15475:
15471:
15470:
15465:
15464:
15463:
15453:
15448:
15443:
15442:
15441:
15436:
15431:
15421:
15420:
15419:
15414:
15409:
15404:
15394:
15389:
15383:
15382:
15381:
15379:
15373:
15372:
15370:
15369:
15364:
15363:
15362:
15352:
15347:
15342:
15337:
15332:
15327:
15326:
15325:
15315:
15310:
15305:
15300:
15295:
15290:
15289:
15288:
15278:
15273:
15268:
15263:
15258:
15253:
15248:
15243:
15238:
15237:
15236:
15226:
15221:
15216:
15211:
15210:
15209:
15199:
15194:
15189:
15184:
15179:
15174:
15173:
15172:
15162:
15157:
15156:
15155:
15145:
15140:
15135:
15130:
15125:
15120:
15115:
15110:
15105:
15099:
15097:
15090:
15082:
15081:
15078:
15077:
15075:
15074:
15073:
15072:
15071:
15070:
15065:
15060:
15050:
15045:
15035:
15034:
15033:
15026:United Kingdom
15023:
15018:
15013:
15008:
15003:
14998:
14993:
14988:
14982:
14980:
14974:
14973:
14971:
14970:
14963:
14958:
14953:
14947:
14945:
14941:
14940:
14938:
14937:
14932:
14927:
14926:
14925:
14915:
14910:
14904:
14902:
14895:
14889:
14888:
14881:
14880:
14873:
14866:
14858:
14849:
14848:
14846:
14845:
14840:
14835:
14830:
14824:
14819:
14814:
14806:
14805:(2022 musical)
14798:
14797:(2018 musical)
14790:
14782:
14774:
14766:
14758:
14750:
14742:
14734:
14729:
14727:Suffrage plays
14724:
14719:
14711:
14706:
14698:
14696:
14690:
14689:
14687:
14686:
14681:
14676:
14670:
14668:
14664:
14663:
14661:
14660:
14655:
14650:
14645:
14640:
14635:
14630:
14625:
14620:
14615:
14610:
14603:
14598:
14593:
14588:
14583:
14578:
14573:
14568:
14561:
14554:
14550:Great Petition
14546:
14538:
14531:
14523:
14516:
14509:
14504:
14496:
14491:
14487:Rise up, Women
14483:
14478:
14471:
14466:
14461:
14456:
14455:
14454:
14449:
14439:
14433:
14431:
14423:
14422:
14419:
14418:
14416:
14415:
14410:
14405:
14400:
14395:
14394:
14393:
14391:Prison Special
14388:
14378:
14373:
14371:Suffrage Torch
14368:
14363:
14358:
14353:
14348:
14343:
14338:
14333:
14327:
14325:
14321:
14320:
14318:
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14312:
14307:
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14265:
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14239:
14234:
14229:
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14214:
14209:
14204:
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14189:
14184:
14179:
14167:
14161:
14157:
14156:
14154:
14153:
14152:
14151:
14146:
14124:
14119:
14114:
14109:
14104:
14099:
14094:
14089:
14079:
14078:
14077:
14076:
14075:
14070:
14065:
14057:
14056:
14055:
14050:
14045:
14043:Cayman Islands
14033:United Kingdom
14030:
14025:
14020:
14015:
14007:
14002:
13997:
13992:
13987:
13982:
13977:
13972:
13967:
13962:
13957:
13952:
13951:
13950:
13945:
13940:
13930:
13924:
13922:
13918:
13917:
13915:
13914:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
13879:
13874:
13869:
13864:
13859:
13854:
13849:
13843:
13841:
13837:
13836:
13829:
13828:
13821:
13814:
13806:
13797:
13796:
13794:
13793:
13788:
13783:
13778:
13773:
13768:
13762:
13760:
13756:
13755:
13753:
13752:
13747:
13742:
13737:
13732:
13727:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13706:
13705:
13700:
13695:
13690:
13685:
13680:
13675:
13670:
13665:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13645:
13640:
13635:
13630:
13625:
13620:
13615:
13610:
13605:
13603:in Switzerland
13600:
13595:
13590:
13588:in South Korea
13585:
13580:
13575:
13570:
13565:
13560:
13555:
13550:
13545:
13540:
13535:
13530:
13525:
13523:in North Korea
13520:
13515:
13513:in New Zealand
13510:
13505:
13500:
13495:
13490:
13485:
13480:
13475:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13458:in Kyrgyzstan
13455:
13450:
13445:
13440:
13435:
13430:
13425:
13420:
13415:
13410:
13405:
13400:
13395:
13390:
13385:
13380:
13375:
13370:
13365:
13360:
13355:
13350:
13345:
13343:in El Salvador
13340:
13335:
13330:
13325:
13320:
13315:
13310:
13305:
13300:
13295:
13290:
13285:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13268:in Balochistan
13265:
13260:
13255:
13250:
13245:
13240:
13235:
13230:
13225:
13220:
13218:in Afghanistan
13215:
13210:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13185:
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13155:
13153:Atrocity crime
13149:
13147:
13143:
13142:
13139:
13138:
13136:
13135:
13133:
13131:
13126:
13121:
13119:
13114:
13109:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13091:
13085:
13081:
13080:
13078:
13077:
13072:
13066:
13064:
13060:
13059:
13056:
13055:
13053:
13052:
13046:
13044:
13040:
13039:
13037:
13036:
13031:
13026:
13021:
13015:
13013:
13009:
13008:
13006:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12984:
12978:
12973:
12970:
12969:
12967:
12966:
12961:
12956:
12951:
12945:
12942:
12941:
12934:
12933:
12926:
12919:
12911:
12905:
12904:
12898:Women's Rights
12895:
12885:
12875:
12870:
12863:
12862:External links
12860:
12859:
12858:
12836:
12815:
12809:
12796:
12790:
12773:
12770:
12767:
12766:
12742:
12720:
12709:. 28 July 2020
12694:
12668:
12647:
12638:
12616:
12593:
12575:
12537:
12511:
12465:
12442:
12417:
12391:
12369:
12336:
12313:
12290:
12261:
12252:
12230:
12205:
12183:
12158:
12136:
12124:
12098:
12072:
12048:
12023:
11997:
11971:
11948:
11922:
11912:: Introduction
11900:
11882:
11873:
11856:
11838:
11816:
11805:on 28 May 2011
11786:
11756:
11726:
11717:
11695:
11669:
11660:
11651:
11633:
11624:
11602:
11576:
11570:
11552:
11523:
11497:
11471:
11445:
11423:
11401:
11382:
11357:
11331:
11305:
11280:
11266:
11244:
11219:
11174:
11139:
11114:
11081:
11056:
11031:
11009:
11000:
10978:
10952:
10926:
10900:
10878:
10865:Balkan Insight
10852:
10818:
10786:
10752:
10745:
10722:
10715:
10692:
10685:
10662:
10655:
10635:
10601:
10594:
10571:
10552:
10527:
10497:
10472:
10422:
10395:(3): 115–121.
10374:
10338:
10331:
10308:
10301:
10281:
10274:
10254:
10247:
10227:
10216:on 4 July 2015
10201:
10176:
10155:
10130:
10108:
10062:
10013:
9999:
9981:
9959:
9937:
9912:
9895:"Constitution"
9886:
9854:
9831:
9782:
9745:
9718:
9697:
9672:
9650:
9638:
9613:
9588:
9557:(3): 369–402.
9537:
9509:
9498:on 17 May 2018
9477:
9451:
9421:
9395:
9371:
9349:
9323:
9297:
9254:
9242:Britannica.com
9229:
9203:
9177:
9155:
9130:
9104:
9072:
9065:
9045:
9036:
9011:
8998:10.1086/591955
8992:(4): 655–691.
8976:
8944:
8922:
8895:
8870:
8863:
8837:
8822:
8796:
8770:
8753:Sing Tao Daily
8740:
8714:
8703:on 4 July 2015
8688:
8657:
8635:
8614:
8588:
8569:
8557:
8529:
8517:
8487:
8457:
8451:978-1317451969
8450:
8432:
8426:978-9185391004
8425:
8404:
8379:
8361:
8355:978-0955979675
8354:
8334:
8327:
8305:
8298:
8280:
8255:
8248:
8224:
8217:
8195:
8188:
8165:
8158:
8140:
8133:
8090:
8081:
8069:
8067:(Abacus, 2004)
8053:
8046:
8026:
7999:
7974:
7967:
7947:
7940:
7920:
7899:
7882:
7875:
7855:
7846:
7820:
7802:
7787:
7769:
7751:
7738:
7731:
7711:
7704:
7684:
7663:
7640:
7618:
7611:
7588:
7542:
7530:
7521:
7498:
7485:10.2307/840274
7479:(1): 167–169.
7463:
7456:
7417:
7411:978-0333912577
7410:
7387:
7380:
7347:
7325:Borgström Eva
7318:
7303:
7285:
7264:
7250:Borgström Eva
7236:
7230:978-0333912591
7229:
7196:
7189:
7164:
7157:
7137:
7107:
7100:
7067:
7061:978-1852853464
7060:
7031:
7025:978-9004179769
7024:
7004:
6981:
6972:
6955:
6943:Majid Khadduri
6935:
6919:
6910:
6903:
6883:
6874:
6865:
6837:
6818:
6793:
6761:
6744:
6717:
6694:
6661:
6649:
6625:
6613:
6591:
6558:
6552:978-1140341796
6551:
6531:
6505:
6498:
6465:
6447:, ed. (1911).
6445:Chisholm, Hugh
6436:
6429:
6398:
6378:
6365:
6359:Beryl Rawson,
6352:
6336:
6329:
6309:
6292:
6279:
6267:Eva Cantarella
6239:Elaine Fantham
6226:
6213:
6189:
6172:
6151:
6138:
6121:
6108:
6095:
6078:
6065:
6052:
6039:
6026:
6013:
6001:Eva Cantarella
5993:
5980:
5967:
5943:
5930:
5909:
5885:
5878:
5845:
5838:
5810:
5803:
5783:
5776:
5756:
5744:
5729:
5722:
5702:
5682:
5650:
5643:
5623:
5616:
5596:
5589:
5566:
5559:
5539:
5532:
5503:
5484:Majumdar, R.C.
5480:Majumdar, R.C.
5471:
5459:
5443:
5433:
5415:
5374:
5346:
5339:
5321:
5316:978-0313294976
5315:
5281:
5275:
5242:
5221:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5189:OAS membership
5179:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4973:
4970:
4887:sexual slavery
4871:Main article:
4868:
4865:
4819:
4816:
4796:sexual slavery
4776:sexual assault
4756:ethnic Chinese
4744:Main article:
4741:
4738:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4676:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4613:European Union
4526:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4483:
4480:
4452:Main article:
4449:
4446:
4420:Main article:
4417:
4414:
4400:single mothers
4358:
4355:
4326:bill of rights
4305:
4304:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4266:
4255:Main article:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4236:Main article:
4233:
4230:
4221:
4218:
4208:
4205:
4124:
4121:
4100:women's rights
4073:women's rights
4052:, mass media,
4010:Iraqi American
3949:United Nations
3908:
3907:
3885:, 59:07, 1962.
3874:
3873:
3865:
3864:
3850:Hedvig Gebhard
3834:
3831:
3811:French culture
3795:honor killings
3755:Franco's Spain
3711:
3708:
3700:dowry violence
3696:honor killings
3679:
3676:
3648:genocidal rape
3620:Main article:
3617:
3614:
3596:Child marriage
3594:Main article:
3591:
3590:Child marriage
3588:
3584:pre-natal care
3576:physical abuse
3561:Main article:
3558:
3555:
3458:such as Canada
3441:
3438:
3347:
3344:
3249:
3246:
3201:Main article:
3198:
3195:
3172:, the current
3170:Zeid bin Ra'ad
3104:
3101:
3085:insane asylums
3083:of women into
3062:maternal death
3060:may result in
3050:Women's health
3022:
3019:
3015:medical trials
2985:women's health
2936:discrimination
2931:
2930:Discrimination
2928:
2918:
2915:
2834:
2831:
2781:Ernestine Rose
2776:
2773:
2635:Czechoslovakia
2544:Main article:
2541:
2538:
2526:European Union
2521:parental leave
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2386:Karakalpakstan
2361:
2358:
2280:Women in Japan
2278:Main article:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2239:
2236:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2112:in a nunnery.
2104:
2101:
1928:published the
1802:
1799:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1756:
1737:matrilineality
1713:Aemilia Lanyer
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:Modern history
1601:
1471:
1468:
1430:AD theologian
1406:
1405:Western Europe
1403:
1310:Women in Islam
1301:
1298:
1285:Main article:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1253:
1250:
1174:Women in China
1165:
1162:
1131:
1128:
1090:Musonius Rufus
955:pater familias
937:, the mothers
935:Roman Republic
883:
880:
737:
736:
727:
726:
718:
717:
716:
715:
714:
706:
703:
673:Women in India
671:Main article:
668:
665:
634:Main article:
631:
628:
611:Old Babylonian
567:
564:
562:
559:
547:
544:
472:Women's rights
467:
466:
464:
463:
456:
449:
441:
438:
437:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
363:Free migration
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
317:
316:
312:
311:
310:
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304:
299:
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111:
110:
104:
103:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
78:
77:
73:
72:
64:
63:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16716:
16705:
16702:
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16699:
16689:
16679:
16677:
16672:
16667:
16665:
16655:
16654:
16651:
16638:
16630:
16628:
16620:
16618:
16617:
16606:
16605:
16602:
16592:
16589:
16586:
16585:
16581:
16579:
16576:
16574:
16571:
16567:
16564:
16562:
16559:
16558:
16557:
16554:
16552:
16549:
16548:
16546:
16542:
16537:
16534:
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16529:
16527:
16524:
16522:
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16514:
16512:
16509:
16507:
16504:
16502:
16499:
16497:
16494:
16492:
16489:
16487:
16485:
16481:
16478:
16474:
16464:
16461:
16460:
16459:
16458:United States
16456:
16454:
16451:
16449:
16446:
16444:
16441:
16439:
16436:
16434:
16431:
16429:
16426:
16424:
16421:
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16416:
16414:
16411:
16409:
16406:
16404:
16401:
16399:
16396:
16394:
16391:
16389:
16386:
16384:
16381:
16379:
16376:
16374:
16371:
16369:
16366:
16364:
16361:
16359:
16356:
16354:
16351:
16347:
16344:
16342:
16339:
16337:
16334:
16332:
16329:
16327:
16324:
16322:
16319:
16317:
16314:
16312:
16309:
16308:
16307:
16306:Latin America
16304:
16302:
16299:
16297:
16294:
16292:
16289:
16287:
16284:
16282:
16279:
16277:
16274:
16272:
16269:
16267:
16264:
16262:
16259:
16257:
16254:
16252:
16249:
16247:
16244:
16242:
16239:
16237:
16234:
16232:
16229:
16227:
16224:
16222:
16219:
16217:
16214:
16212:
16209:
16205:
16202:
16200:
16197:
16195:
16192:
16190:
16187:
16185:
16182:
16180:
16177:
16175:
16172:
16170:
16167:
16166:
16165:
16162:
16161:
16157:
16153:
16147:
16144:
16142:
16139:
16137:
16136:Technoscience
16134:
16132:
16129:
16127:
16124:
16122:
16119:
16117:
16114:
16110:
16107:
16106:
16105:
16102:
16100:
16097:
16093:
16090:
16088:
16085:
16083:
16080:
16076:
16073:
16072:
16071:
16068:
16066:
16063:
16061:
16058:
16056:
16053:
16052:
16051:
16048:
16046:
16043:
16041:
16038:
16034:
16031:
16030:
16029:
16026:
16024:
16021:
16019:
16016:
16014:
16011:
16009:
16006:
16004:
16001:
15997:
15994:
15992:
15989:
15987:
15986:Art criticism
15984:
15983:
15982:
15979:
15977:
15974:
15972:
15969:
15967:
15964:
15962:
15959:
15955:
15952:
15950:
15947:
15946:
15945:
15942:
15940:
15937:
15935:
15932:
15930:
15927:
15925:
15922:
15920:
15917:
15915:
15912:
15910:
15907:
15905:
15902:
15900:
15899:Men's studies
15897:
15895:
15892:
15890:
15887:
15886:
15884:
15881:
15879:
15876:
15874:
15871:
15869:
15866:
15864:
15862:
15858:
15850:
15847:
15844:
15842:
15837:
15835:
15832:
15830:
15827:
15825:
15822:
15820:
15817:
15815:
15812:
15810:
15809:Transmisogyny
15807:
15805:
15802:
15800:
15797:
15795:
15792:
15790:
15787:
15785:
15782:
15780:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15770:
15769:Purplewashing
15767:
15765:
15764:Protofeminism
15762:
15760:
15757:
15755:
15752:
15750:
15747:
15745:
15742:
15740:
15737:
15735:
15732:
15730:
15727:
15725:
15722:
15720:
15717:
15715:
15712:
15710:
15707:
15705:
15702:
15700:
15696:
15692:
15690:
15687:
15685:
15682:
15680:
15677:
15675:
15674:Honor killing
15672:
15670:
15667:
15665:
15662:
15660:
15657:
15655:
15652:
15650:
15647:
15643:
15640:
15638:
15635:
15633:
15630:
15629:
15628:
15625:
15623:
15620:
15618:
15615:
15613:
15610:
15608:
15605:
15603:
15600:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15571:
15568:
15567:
15566:
15563:
15561:
15558:
15556:
15553:
15552:
15548:
15544:
15535:
15532:
15530:
15527:
15523:
15520:
15519:
15518:
15515:
15511:
15508:
15506:
15503:
15501:
15498:
15497:
15496:
15493:
15491:
15488:
15486:
15483:
15481:
15477:
15469:
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15345:Transnational
15343:
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15331:
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15214:Individualist
15212:
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15126:
15124:
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15119:
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15114:
15113:Anti-abortion
15111:
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15106:
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15038:United States
15036:
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14772:(2013 sitcom)
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14748:(1974 series)
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14082:United States
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13996:
13995:Liechtenstein
13993:
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13923:
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13913:
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13908:
13905:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13893:
13892:Demeny voting
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
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13696:
13694:
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13689:
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13679:
13676:
13674:
13673:in Uzbekistan
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13563:in the Russia
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13469:
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13459:
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13443:in Kazakhstan
13441:
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13296:
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13284:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13273:in Bangladesh
13271:
13269:
13266:
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13261:
13259:
13258:in Azerbaijan
13256:
13254:
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13124:South America
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13063:Organizations
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12801:Spartan Women
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11706:. Answers.com
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11539:thisisFINLAND
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11390:Shreir (1988)
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11346:. 22 May 2018
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11232:Treaty Office
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11205:2027.42/73927
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10540:jofreeman.com
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10033:(10): 30–40.
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8965:on 9 May 2016
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8527:
8521:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8491:
8475:
8471:
8467:
8461:
8453:
8447:
8443:
8436:
8428:
8422:
8418:
8411:
8409:
8392:
8386:
8384:
8375:
8371:
8365:
8357:
8351:
8347:
8346:
8338:
8330:
8328:9781576078600
8324:
8319:
8318:
8309:
8301:
8299:9781610695961
8295:
8291:
8284:
8269:
8265:
8259:
8251:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8236:
8228:
8220:
8214:
8209:
8208:
8199:
8191:
8189:0-521-31969-2
8185:
8181:
8180:
8172:
8170:
8161:
8159:0-521-31969-2
8155:
8151:
8144:
8136:
8130:
8126:
8122:
8121:
8113:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8097:
8095:
8085:
8076:
8074:
8066:
8060:
8058:
8049:
8043:
8039:
8038:
8030:
8014:
8008:
8006:
8004:
7987:
7981:
7979:
7970:
7964:
7960:
7959:
7951:
7943:
7937:
7933:
7932:
7924:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7903:
7896:
7895:0-394-53438-7
7892:
7886:
7878:
7872:
7868:
7867:
7859:
7850:
7834:
7830:
7824:
7816:
7812:
7806:
7798:
7791:
7783:
7782:thisisFINLAND
7779:
7773:
7765:
7764:thisisFINLAND
7761:
7755:
7748:
7742:
7734:
7728:
7724:
7723:
7715:
7707:
7701:
7697:
7696:
7688:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7667:
7651:
7644:
7628:
7622:
7614:
7612:9781317795407
7608:
7605:. Routledge.
7604:
7603:
7595:
7593:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7539:
7534:
7525:
7518:
7514:
7510:
7509:
7502:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7467:
7459:
7453:
7449:
7445:
7444:
7436:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7426:
7424:
7422:
7413:
7407:
7403:
7396:
7394:
7392:
7383:
7381:9783640741830
7377:
7373:
7372:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7344:
7343:91-501-0191-9
7340:
7336:
7332:
7322:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7300:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7282:
7281:91-501-0191-9
7278:
7271:Borgström Eva
7268:
7261:
7260:91-501-0191-9
7257:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7232:
7226:
7222:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7192:
7190:9781843838333
7186:
7182:
7181:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7160:
7158:9781136522031
7154:
7151:. Routledge.
7150:
7149:
7141:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7111:
7103:
7101:9780313336355
7097:
7093:
7092:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7074:
7072:
7063:
7057:
7053:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7027:
7021:
7017:
7016:
7008:
6992:
6985:
6976:
6969:
6965:
6959:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6939:
6932:
6928:
6927:John Esposito
6923:
6914:
6906:
6900:
6896:
6895:
6887:
6878:
6869:
6862:
6861:0-8156-2908-7
6858:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6841:
6825:
6821:
6815:
6811:
6810:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6781:
6777:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6758:
6747:
6741:
6736:
6735:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6705:
6698:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6653:
6635:
6629:
6620:
6618:
6601:
6595:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6554:
6548:
6544:
6543:
6535:
6520:
6516:
6509:
6501:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6486:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6462:
6458:
6457:
6451:
6450:"Women"
6446:
6440:
6432:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6417:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6382:
6375:
6369:
6362:
6356:
6349:
6345:
6340:
6332:
6326:
6322:
6321:
6320:Jurisprudence
6313:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6289:
6283:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6255:De adulteriis
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6230:
6223:
6220:Beth Severy,
6217:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6182:
6176:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6148:
6142:
6135:
6131:
6125:
6118:
6112:
6105:
6099:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6075:
6069:
6062:
6056:
6049:
6043:
6036:
6030:
6023:
6017:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5997:
5990:
5984:
5977:
5971:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5948:
5940:
5934:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5889:
5881:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5841:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5806:
5800:
5796:
5795:
5787:
5779:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5760:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5738:Spartan Women
5733:
5725:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5706:
5699:
5696:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5646:
5640:
5636:
5635:
5627:
5619:
5613:
5609:
5608:
5600:
5592:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5573:
5571:
5562:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5543:
5535:
5533:9781560066460
5529:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5510:
5508:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5456:
5452:
5447:
5441:
5436:
5434:9788172733063
5430:
5426:
5419:
5411:
5405:
5389:
5385:
5378:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5350:
5342:
5340:9780791460993
5336:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5312:
5309:, Greenwood,
5308:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5278:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5180:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5008:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4979:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4864:
4862:
4861:spoils of war
4858:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4828:In 1998, the
4825:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4802:as well as a
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4769:
4768:Comfort women
4766:officer (see
4765:
4761:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4737:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4704:
4701:
4698:in women and
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4648:Article Two:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4635:
4631:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4582:African Union
4579:
4574:
4572:
4571:United States
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4444:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4412:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4354:
4351:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4290:
4270:
4269:
4263:
4258:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4019:
4018:Amjad Atallah
4015:
4014:Iran–Iraq War
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3799:social status
3796:
3792:
3791:death penalty
3788:
3784:
3780:
3779:adultery laws
3775:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3748:male guardian
3745:
3744:bride service
3741:
3737:
3733:
3732:marriage bars
3729:
3725:
3724:marital power
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3531:Orthodox Jews
3528:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3510:According to
3508:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3454:Abortion laws
3446:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3390:contraception
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3369:birth control
3361:
3357:
3352:
3346:Birth control
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:contraception
3290:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3272:, and by the
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:The Holocaust
3179:
3178:Josef Mengele
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3129:The right to
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3097:New York City
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3077:medical abuse
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3039:map of Africa
3035:
3027:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2957:Opuz v Turkey
2954:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2924:popular myths
2914:
2910:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2851:
2844:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2695:Liechtenstein
2693:in 1970, and
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2663:United States
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:right to vote
2580:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2540:Right to vote
2537:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2498:marriage bars
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2460:United States
2457:
2453:
2442:Core concepts
2439:
2437:
2436:labour rights
2432:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2365:Central Asian
2357:
2355:
2354:Liechtenstein
2352:in 1970, and
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:Kaibara Ekken
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2281:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2238:United States
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2150:North America
2147:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2028:right to vote
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1988:Mary Robinson
1985:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1851:Enlightenment
1848:
1844:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:The Debutante
1813:
1808:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1717:Anna Trapnell
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1699:According to
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:shieldmaidens
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1357:
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16526:Rhetoricians
16516:Philosophers
16408:Saudi Arabia
16204:South Africa
16065:Epistemology
16018:Anthropology
16013:Architecture
15976:Legal theory
15883:Gynocentrism
15824:War on women
15759:Pro-feminism
15714:Gender-blind
15664:Gender quota
15637:Art movement
15429:Dianic Wicca
15308:Sex-positive
15271:Postcolonial
15138:Conservative
15118:Anti-fascist
14809:
14800:
14792:
14785:
14777:
14770:Up the Women
14769:
14761:
14753:
14745:
14737:
14717:(1947 opera)
14714:
14633:Suffrage Oak
14618:Justice Bell
14605:
14563:
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14499:
14486:
14473:
14173:conferences
13840:Basic topics
13678:in Venezuela
13593:in Sri Lanka
13473:in Lithuania
13398:in Indonesia
13378:in Hong Kong
13373:in Guatemala
13243:in Australia
13233:in Argentina
13084:By continent
13012:Distinctions
12993:Positive law
12963:
12938:Human rights
12819:
12800:
12780:
12757:. Retrieved
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11190:(1): 54–66.
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10832:The Guardian
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10766:The Guardian
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9661:. rm.coe.int
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9574:1887/3716539
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9464:EmpowerWomen
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9270:(2): 57–80.
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8705:. Retrieved
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8675:the original
8670:
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8648:. Retrieved
8646:. Hkccsa.org
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6863:(pbk); p. 3.
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6710:11 September
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6287:
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6149:, pp. 51–52.
6146:
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6103:
6098:
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6050:, pp. 19–20.
6047:
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5759:
5754:, p. 34
5752:Pomeroy 2002
5747:
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5672:
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5474:
5462:
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5392:. Retrieved
5387:
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5359:
5349:
5330:
5324:
5305:
5261:
5229:
5224:
5216:
5211:
5183:
5059:
5040:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5006:
4992:
4985:
4939:Bosnian Serb
4912:
4879:Rome Statute
4876:
4854:
4827:
4773:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4688:sexual abuse
4673:exploitation
4665:marital rape
4650:
4647:
4643:
4627:
4602:
4575:
4548:
4457:
4441:
4425:
4409:
4406:has stated:
4396:Cohabitation
4394:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4360:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4311:
4246:Human rights
4241:
4223:
4210:
4178:
4159:
4153:
4126:
4109:
4086:
4081:Saudi Arabia
4022:
4006:Zainab Salbi
4000:
3985:
3957:
3930:
3926:
3918:Zainab Salbi
3902:and others,
3822:
3783:criminal law
3776:
3762:
3752:
3713:
3681:
3640:marital rape
3625:
3607:
3566:
3543:
3516:
3509:
3503:
3502:." The same
3490:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3451:
3423:
3415:
3397:
3386:Marie Stopes
3377:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3355:
3340:
3337:
3305:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3258:reproduction
3254:legal rights
3251:
3248:Legal rights
3230:Marie Stopes
3154:human rights
3151:
3148:
3138:
3128:
3074:
3054:
3044:
3009:
2969:
2964:
2956:
2953:reproduction
2933:
2920:
2911:
2907:foot binding
2904:
2900:Saudi Arabia
2893:
2870:
2853:
2824:
2817:West Germany
2800:
2778:
2714:
2708:in 1925 and
2706:Newfoundland
2699:
2613:A number of
2612:
2595:
2585:
2502:
2475:
2427:marriage bar
2420:
2413:suffragette
2382:Turkmenistan
2363:
2360:Central Asia
2322:
2318:Meiji period
2310:Confucianist
2306:Onna Daigaku
2298:Heian period
2291:
2247:
2220:
2193:Emily Murphy
2182:
2145:
2141:Soviet Union
2138:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2089:
2084:
2070:
2049:marriage law
2045:property law
2025:
2020:
2008:
1998:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1920:
1864:
1835:
1827:
1826:'s views in
1820:Henry Fuseli
1815:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785:Thomas Paine
1782:
1776:
1748:
1741:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1652:witch trials
1649:
1626:
1592:
1590:
1578:rune masters
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1526:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1474:The rate of
1473:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1449:
1427:Adam and Eve
1423:
1416:
1376:
1360:
1321:
1290:
1230:
1225:
1224:in her book
1211:
1207:
1203:
1192:
1183:Foot binding
1147:
1143:
1139:
1080:
1073:
1061:
1048:
1026:
1010:
1006:
989:
986:
977:
973:
969:
967:
960:
953:
951:
915:non-citizens
907:ancient Rome
903:
897:
869:
855:
843:
836:
822:
811:
807:
799:
795:
789:
783:
778:
743:
683:equal status
679:Vedic period
676:
657:social class
654:
624:East Semitic
584:
540:to education
536:own property
501:
497:human rights
482:claimed for
480:entitlements
471:
470:
413:Self defense
403:Reproductive
296:
108:Human rights
44:Annie Kenney
36:
16688:Switzerland
16566:Comic books
16491:Art critics
16413:South Korea
16393:Philippines
16373:New Zealand
16368:Netherlands
16099:Pornography
16087:Metaphysics
16028:Criminology
16023:Archaeology
15996:Film theory
15699:Women's Day
15439:Ecofeminist
15298:Reactionary
15246:Materialist
15021:Switzerland
15016:New Zealand
14935:Fourth-wave
14918:Second-wave
14788:(2015 film)
14786:Suffragette
14780:(2014 film)
14764:(2004 film)
14740:(1912 film)
14576:Eagle House
14429:(memorials)
14117:Puerto Rico
14028:Switzerland
14005:New Zealand
13897:Suffragette
13877:Non-citizen
13725:Persecution
13693:in Zimbabwe
13618:in Thailand
13528:in Pakistan
13483:in Malaysia
13348:in Ethiopia
13308:in Cambodia
13288:in Botswana
13100:Middle East
12998:Sovereignty
12988:Natural law
12568:27 February
12435:16 December
12277:CIM website
12241:. Ohchr.org
11984:Le Monde.fr
11827:. Memri.org
11779:2 September
11749:2 September
11228:"Full list"
11127:UNICEF DATA
10993:22 November
10545:21 November
9775:16 December
9711:16 December
9665:16 December
9606:16 December
9502:16 December
9388:16 December
9123:18 November
8728:Toronto Sun
8671:Toronto Sun
7815:blogs.bl.uk
6602:. Cqvip.com
6199:Lex Aquilia
5457:, 125, 2477
5394:24 December
4965:North Korea
4948:enslavement
4818:As genocide
4696:trafficking
4137:Mexico City
4046:health care
3973:Green Paper
3767:Switzerland
3740:bride price
3672:bride price
3664:Khmer Rouge
3529:, and most
3327:(FGM), and
3297:procreation
2940:patriarchal
2841:Woman with
2763:(1958) and
2751:(1947) and
2739:(1946). In
2735:(1956) and
2725:El Salvador
2679:microstates
2671:Switzerland
2619:Netherlands
2417:(1825–1910)
2330:Switzerland
2169:Famous Five
2125:World War I
1900:Minna Canth
1705:Reformation
1527:During the
1436:Virgin Mary
1352:inheritance
1212:During the
1150:Constantine
927:patriarchal
750:Archaic age
746:city states
566:Mesopotamia
388:Development
328:Association
223:Transgender
16556:Literature
16501:Economists
16221:Bangladesh
16155:By country
16104:Psychology
16060:Empiricism
16055:Aesthetics
16050:Philosophy
15909:Patriarchy
15889:Matriarchy
15695:Girl's Day
15669:Girl power
15642:In hip hop
15565:Literature
15495:Indigenous
15434:Reclaiming
15330:Standpoint
15303:Separatism
15276:Postmodern
15170:Vegetarian
15160:Difference
15103:Analytical
14930:Third-wave
14913:First-wave
14565:Resilience
14107:foreigners
14013:Francoist)
13943:aboriginal
13921:By country
13887:Voting age
13750:War crimes
13683:in Vietnam
13668:in Ukraine
13558:in Romania
13518:in Nigeria
13503:in Myanmar
13498:in Morocco
13488:in Manipur
13463:in Lebanon
13438:in Kashmir
13413:in Ireland
13368:in Germany
13303:in Burundi
13283:in Bolivia
13278:in Belarus
13263:in Bahrain
13248:in Austria
13238:in Armenia
13223:in Algeria
12846:2008009151
12490:8 February
12151:29 October
11895:www.un.org
11851:www.un.org
11831:9 December
11510:Confilegal
10919:9 December
10628:24 October
10484:"Template"
10367:8 December
9802:(1): 708.
9143:parl.gc.ca
9020:"Equality"
8815:9 December
8789:9 December
8763:9 December
8733:9 December
8650:9 December
8510:2 November
8480:2 November
8268:bailii.org
8218:0774731125
7992:15 January
7656:22 October
7633:22 October
6830:19 October
6786:19 October
6751:15 October
6606:9 December
6584:10 October
6259:Modestinus
6196:Under the
6009:Philologus
5203:References
5078:Gendercide
4976:See also:
4822:See also:
4573:have not.
4226:World Bank
4220:World Bank
4145:Copenhagen
3815:mistresses
3787:family law
3772:referendum
3716:family law
3710:Family law
3666:regime in
3580:childbirth
3539:mortal sin
3535:moral evil
3301:abstinence
3268:(ICPD) in
3093:Nellie Bly
2997:childbirth
2981:during war
2854:Ladies of
2843:bound feet
2683:San Marino
2655:Luxembourg
2627:Azerbaijan
2564:Alice Paul
2511:of women.
2390:Uzbekistan
2378:Kazakhstan
2374:Kyrgyzstan
2342:San Marino
2302:Edo period
2163:Statue in
2133:Bolsheviks
2093:exoticisms
1818:(1807) by
1744:John Locke
1709:Jane Anger
1570:sejdkvinna
1550:ringkvinna
1545:odalkvinna
1537:Frostating
1529:Viking Age
1500:Visigothic
1379:Arab women
1304:See also:
1239:, and the
1237:Mao Zedong
1027:The first
838:gynaikeion
646:Hatshepsut
603:Enheduanna
580:Enheduanna
550:See also:
530:, to have
520:family law
378:Linguistic
353:Fair trial
235:Minorities
203:Indigenous
16311:Argentina
16271:Indonesia
16261:Hong Kong
16216:Australia
16116:Seriality
16040:Geography
15966:Sociology
15919:Economics
15904:Kyriarchy
15397:Christian
15377:Religious
15318:Socialist
15108:Anarchist
15053:States of
14991:Australia
14586:Paulsdale
14018:Sri Lanka
13975:Hong Kong
13933:Australia
13663:in Uganda
13658:in Turkey
13613:in Taiwan
13548:in Poland
13533:in Panama
13493:in Mexico
13478:in Malawi
13453:in Kuwait
13418:in Israel
13353:in France
13313:in Canada
13293:in Brazil
13228:in Angola
12854:750831024
12631:30 August
12530:9 October
12431:. oas.org
12410:8 October
12362:8 October
12223:8 October
12198:8 October
12176:8 October
12091:8 October
11710:30 August
11688:30 August
11617:30 August
11545:1 October
11167:11 August
11069:unfpa.org
10971:30 August
10945:30 August
10840:0261-3077
10774:0261-3077
10568:(3): 8–9.
10520:8 October
10490:30 August
10417:147688303
10194:8 October
10189:ohchr.org
10148:8 October
10143:ohchr.org
10123:8 October
10039:1550-5952
9631:9 October
9583:2057-0201
9444:20 August
9284:144788908
9247:30 August
9222:30 August
9196:30 August
9170:30 August
9148:8 October
9006:154669761
8937:8 October
8911:: 47–52.
8888:8 October
8644:"香港政府華員會"
8397:8 October
8273:8 October
8019:8 October
7583:2276-6928
7130:9 October
7018:. BRILL.
6997:30 August
6642:9 October
6307:, p. 326.
6299:Gardner,
6211:, p. 119.
5926:et passim
5905:et passim
5498:500545168
5468:Patanjali
5455:Katyayana
5404:cite news
4986:The 1956
4931:gang rape
4917:when the
4804:war crime
4792:sex crime
4657:battering
4179:In 2010,
4075:activist
4050:education
3969:Lady Sear
3821:(French:
3720:coverture
3550:Bolshevik
3317:education
3280:in 1995.
3243:in Africa
3131:education
2993:pregnancy
2889:Australia
2802:coverture
2753:Indonesia
2737:Argentina
2733:Guatemala
2712:in 1940.
2704:in 1922,
2697:in 1984.
2689:in 1962,
2685:in 1959,
2669:in 1952,
2481:equal pay
2401:Australia
2356:in 1984.
2348:in 1962,
2344:in 1959,
2269:East Asia
2095:from the
1891:(c. 1797)
1889:John Opie
1865:In 1754,
1787:wrote in
1539:laws and
1521:Icelandic
1517:Norwegian
1154:Justinian
1125:affection
1002:Roman law
992:sui iuris
898:fullonica
865:Aristotle
844:Although
833:Aristotle
695:swayamvar
691:Katyayana
687:Patanjali
528:equal pay
423:Sexuality
348:Education
272:Prisoners
163:Creditors
158:Consumers
16698:Category
16676:Politics
16664:Feminism
16627:Category
16561:American
16433:Thailand
16388:Pakistan
16358:Malaysia
16341:Paraguay
16331:Honduras
16179:Ethiopia
16045:Pedagogy
15971:Rhetoric
15961:Sexology
15954:Womanist
15949:Thealogy
15944:Theology
15744:Misogyny
15612:Femicide
15597:Equality
15546:Concepts
15461:Orthodox
15424:Neopagan
15412:Womanist
15392:Buddhist
15360:Africana
15355:Womanism
15251:Maternal
15241:Lipstick
15207:Activism
15177:Equality
15143:Cultural
15128:Carceral
15063:Virginia
15043:Timeline
14986:Timeline
14923:timeline
14908:Timeline
14885:Feminism
14048:Scotland
13965:Colombia
13833:Suffrage
13688:in Yemen
13608:in Syria
13598:in Sudan
13578:in Sindh
13508:in Nepal
13468:in Libya
13448:in Kenya
13433:in Japan
13423:in Italy
13393:in India
13388:in Haiti
13383:in Egypt
13363:in Ghana
13358:in Gabon
13338:in Egypt
13328:in China
13318:in Chile
13183:Genocide
12954:Children
12682:Archived
12608:Archived
12500:cite web
12324:Archived
12301:Archived
12283:14 March
11941:21 April
11915:Archived
11773:Archived
11646:BBC News
11516:23 March
11490:23 March
11484:elPlural
11464:23 March
11437:23 March
11416:23 March
11375:23 March
11350:23 March
11344:BBC News
11324:23 March
11298:23 March
11214:10216896
11049:3 August
11024:3 August
10802:Archived
10119:. UNESCO
10097:cite web
10057:22778709
9994:UN Women
9842:Archived
9826:27011778
9759:"Treaty"
8969:26 April
8917:23196053
8581:Archived
8541:Archived
7833:Archived
7680:72-77546
6542:Inasmuch
6286:McGinn,
6251:Papinian
6181:cinaedus
6145:Bauman,
6128:Bauman,
6063:, p. 95.
5991:, p. 20.
5826:(1990).
5451:Varttika
5440:Details.
5303:(1998),
5133:Misogyny
5048:See also
5029:protocol
4834:genocide
4808:genocide
4782:with or
4754:A young
4725:de facto
4590:equality
4569:and the
4195:and the
4181:UN Women
4151:(1985).
4029:Canadian
3759:adoption
3668:Cambodia
3644:war rape
3628:pregnant
3471:de facto
3440:Abortion
3410:eugenics
3313:coercion
3070:HIV/AIDS
2991:such as
2759:(1947),
2747:(1945),
2731:(1942),
2727:(1939),
2723:(1932),
2719:(1929),
2675:Portugal
2657:(1919),
2649:(1918),
2621:(1917),
2338:Portugal
2073:consumer
2056:and the
1923:activist
1855:equality
1541:Gulating
1496:mundoald
1484:Bavarian
1399:Muhammad
1344:marriage
1332:Muhammad
1328:revealed
1218:Mui Tsai
1045:Adultery
1033:Augustus
998:property
974:potestas
911:citizens
813:medimnos
804:property
762:Thessaly
681:enjoyed
620:Assyrian
616:adultery
599:Akkadian
576:Sumerian
574:Ancient
508:autonomy
474:are the
393:Property
383:Movement
323:Assembly
287:Students
262:Peasants
257:Patients
208:Intersex
173:Disabled
153:Children
16650:Portals
16573:Parties
16448:Ukraine
16443:Vietnam
16353:Lebanon
16251:Germany
16241:Finland
16236:Denmark
16211:Albania
16199:Senegal
16194:Nigeria
16109:Therapy
16092:Science
16003:Biology
15522:Mizrahi
15490:Chicana
15451:Islamic
15387:Atheist
15323:Marxist
15293:Radical
15229:Liberal
15224:Lesbian
15202:Hip hop
15182:Eugenic
15123:Atheist
15096:General
15068:Wyoming
14901:General
14893:History
14810:Lioness
14695:culture
14693:Popular
14667:Related
14527:Forward
13970:Ecuador
13928:Austria
13759:Related
13745:Victims
13740:Torture
13735:Slavery
13543:in Peru
13408:in Iraq
13403:in Iran
13333:in Cuba
13129:Oceania
13043:Aspects
12900:, from
12890:at the
12880:at the
12772:Sources
12759:18 July
12735:18 July
12713:28 July
12707:UN News
12458:18 July
12426:"Flyer"
12245:18 July
12218:umn.edu
12117:18 July
11964:3 March
11259:17 June
11237:17 June
11132:17 June
11107:17 June
11074:17 June
10893:17 June
10871:17 June
10845:17 June
10779:17 June
10515:coe.int
10467:8475521
10459:2939211
10409:2950752
10220:18 July
10087:29 June
10048:3392176
9974:17 June
9952:17 June
9930:17 June
9905:17 June
9879:29 June
9817:4800017
9738:17 June
9690:17 June
9530:17 June
9470:17 June
9434:Reuters
9414:17 June
9364:17 June
9316:17 June
9311:loc.gov
9029:17 June
8905:Saothar
7839:26 June
6243:Stuprum
5367:26 July
5031:to the
5027:) is a
4953:Bosniak
4944:torture
4788:consent
4721:de jure
4436:Austria
4154:At the
4149:Nairobi
4112:Ukraine
4062:Ontario
4058:Toronto
3941:Germany
3842:Finland
3572:neglect
3398:control
3190:Pol Pot
2845:, 1870s
2765:Nigeria
2757:Liberia
2717:Ecuador
2691:Andorra
2651:Germany
2639:Georgia
2623:Austria
2396:Oceania
2350:Andorra
2312:author
2167:of the
2123:During
2022:called.
1843:slavery
1721:Quakers
1623:Cologne
1574:skalder
1509:Raubehe
1505:Kaufehe
1492:Lombard
1476:Wergild
1348:divorce
1263:were a
1075:infamis
1068:. Most
1064:infamis
1051:stuprum
970:(manus)
846:Spartan
591:divorce
546:History
524:to work
373:Housing
343:Digital
302:Workers
292:Victims
250:Mothers
245:Fathers
240:Parents
193:Fetuses
188:Farmers
148:Animals
143:Accused
16587:(1967)
16511:Muslim
16506:Jewish
16484:People
16438:Turkey
16428:Taiwan
16418:Sweden
16403:Russia
16398:Poland
16383:Norway
16336:Mexico
16316:Brazil
16291:Israel
16256:Greece
16246:France
16226:Canada
16164:Africa
16070:Ethics
15929:Method
15861:Theory
15774:Racism
15529:Romani
15517:Jewish
15456:Jewish
15402:Mormon
15350:Victim
15313:Social
15286:French
15234:Equity
15197:Global
15133:Choice
15006:Kuwait
14996:Canada
14944:Social
14794:Sylvia
14544:statue
14529:statue
14502:statue
14160:Events
14122:states
14102:felons
14023:Sweden
14000:Mexico
13990:Kuwait
13955:Canada
13720:Murder
13112:Europe
13095:Africa
12949:Humans
12852:
12844:
12834:
12807:
12788:
12384:5 June
12332:UNICEF
12107:"UNTC"
12081:"UNTC"
12065:17 May
12041:8 June
12016:8 June
11990:8 June
11809:23 May
11568:
11212:
10838:
10811:9 July
10772:
10743:
10713:
10683:
10653:
10592:
10465:
10457:
10415:
10407:
10329:
10299:
10272:
10245:
10055:
10045:
10037:
9824:
9814:
9659:"Info"
9597:"Data"
9581:
9290:
9282:
9098:
9090:
9063:
9004:
8915:
8861:
8607:9 July
8547:", in
8448:
8423:
8352:
8325:
8296:
8246:
8215:
8186:
8156:
8131:
8125:443–44
8044:
7965:
7938:
7914:
7893:
7873:
7729:
7702:
7678:
7609:
7581:
7515:
7493:840274
7491:
7454:
7448:428–29
7408:
7378:
7341:
7279:
7258:
7227:
7187:
7155:
7098:
7058:
7022:
6966:
6933:p. 79.
6901:
6859:
6816:
6742:
6549:
6524:8 June
6496:
6490:426–27
6427:
6421:440–42
6327:
6257:I and
6134:Satire
5876:
5870:422–25
5836:
5801:
5774:
5720:
5641:
5614:
5587:
5557:
5530:
5496:
5431:
5337:
5313:
5273:
5236:
4855:Judge
4836:under
4764:Allied
4586:Maputo
4563:Canada
4543:, and
4528:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4432:Vienna
4303:
4299:
4293:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4191:, the
4187:, the
4071:Saudi
4033:Ottawa
3937:Berlin
3652:slaves
3537:and a
3462:incest
3162:ethics
3115:, and
3046:Health
2885:purdah
2865:zenana
2861:purdah
2856:Caubul
2769:Kuwait
2761:Uganda
2721:Brazil
2710:Quebec
2687:Monaco
2667:Greece
2659:Turkey
2647:Sweden
2643:Poland
2631:Canada
2490:France
2384:, and
2346:Monaco
2177:Ottawa
2155:Canada
2103:Russia
2097:Orient
2079:, and
1733:Jesuit
1608:Europe
1593:frilla
1576:) and
1533:Grágás
1480:Aleman
1350:, and
1324:Qur'an
1316:, and
1300:Qur'an
1086:Seneca
919:slaves
876:Cynics
808:kyrios
800:kyrios
796:kyrios
791:kyrios
770:Sparta
768:, and
766:Megara
758:Gortyn
754:Delphi
705:Greece
607:Sargon
595:Inanna
538:, and
476:rights
428:Speech
398:Repair
368:Health
333:Asylum
282:States
277:Robots
267:Plants
198:Humans
183:Family
178:Elders
61:Rights
16637:Index
16544:Other
16521:Poets
16476:Lists
16423:Syria
16363:Nepal
16326:Haiti
16321:Chile
16301:Japan
16296:Italy
16266:India
16231:China
16184:Ghana
16174:Egypt
15734:Media
15534:White
15485:Black
15446:Hindu
15417:Asian
15340:Trans
15335:State
15266:Post-
15219:Labor
15148:Cyber
15031:Wales
15001:Japan
14802:Suffs
14778:Selma
14426:Women
14087:women
14059:laws
14053:Wales
14038:women
13985:Japan
13980:India
13960:Chile
13948:women
13872:Youth
13867:Black
13857:Women
12964:Women
12754:(PDF)
12484:(PDF)
12477:(PDF)
12429:(PDF)
12356:(PDF)
12349:(PDF)
12273:(PDF)
11960:. CNN
11868:(PDF)
11161:(PDF)
11154:(PDF)
11043:(PDF)
10805:(PDF)
10798:(PDF)
10455:JSTOR
10413:S2CID
10405:JSTOR
10081:(PDF)
10074:(PDF)
9873:(PDF)
9866:(PDF)
9769:(PDF)
9762:(PDF)
9600:(PDF)
9496:(PDF)
9489:(PDF)
9383:(PDF)
9360:. BBC
9292:17300
9280:S2CID
9002:S2CID
8963:(PDF)
8956:(PDF)
8933:. BBC
8913:JSTOR
8393:. BBC
7577:(4).
7489:JSTOR
6894:Islam
6689:(PDF)
6674:(PDF)
6637:(PDF)
6578:(PDF)
6571:(PDF)
5175:Notes
4850:Tutsi
4661:dowry
4330:women
4116:FEMEN
4093:Saudi
4091:is a
4008:, an
3736:dowry
3654:(see
3388:made
3270:Cairo
2880:Yemen
2876:CEDAW
2749:China
2745:Japan
2741:India
2515:(and
2494:Spain
2274:Japan
2083:. In
1999:Punch
1775:from
1566:gydja
1488:Salic
1281:Bible
1164:China
1115:Cyril
1058:slave
978:manus
909:were
857:Plato
785:oikos
667:India
630:Egypt
601:poet
587:Sumer
534:, to
514:, to
488:girls
484:women
307:Youth
297:Women
213:Kings
16281:Iraq
16276:Iran
16189:Mali
15697:and
15510:Sámi
15468:Sikh
15256:Neo-
15058:Utah
14242:14th
14237:13th
14232:12th
14227:11th
14222:10th
14144:26th
14140:24th
14136:23rd
14132:19th
14128:15th
14073:1928
14068:1918
14063:1832
13730:Rape
13105:Asia
12850:OCLC
12842:LCCN
12832:ISBN
12805:ISBN
12786:ISBN
12761:2016
12737:2016
12715:2020
12633:2011
12570:2008
12532:2020
12506:link
12492:2015
12460:2016
12437:2019
12412:2015
12386:2020
12364:2015
12285:2020
12247:2016
12225:2015
12200:2015
12178:2015
12153:2019
12119:2016
12093:2015
12067:2015
12043:2023
12018:2023
11992:2023
11966:2019
11943:2020
11833:2013
11811:2011
11781:2008
11751:2008
11712:2011
11690:2011
11619:2011
11597:2016
11566:ISBN
11547:2017
11518:2022
11492:2022
11466:2022
11439:2022
11418:2022
11396:help
11377:2022
11352:2022
11326:2022
11300:2022
11261:2019
11239:2019
11210:PMID
11169:2017
11134:2019
11109:2019
11076:2019
11051:2017
11026:2017
10995:2017
10973:2011
10947:2011
10921:2013
10895:2019
10873:2019
10847:2019
10836:ISSN
10813:2019
10781:2019
10770:ISSN
10741:ISBN
10711:ISBN
10681:ISBN
10651:ISBN
10630:2010
10590:ISBN
10547:2017
10522:2015
10492:2011
10463:PMID
10369:2007
10357:SVAW
10327:ISBN
10297:ISBN
10270:ISBN
10243:ISBN
10222:2016
10196:2015
10150:2015
10125:2015
10103:link
10089:2017
10053:PMID
10035:ISSN
9976:2019
9954:2019
9932:2019
9907:2019
9881:2018
9822:PMID
9777:2019
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