2139:, declared that Muldoon's actions were illegal as they had violated Article 1 of the Bill of Rights, which provides "that the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority...is illegal." Ultimately Muldoon, as a member of the executive branch, was acting beyond his prescribed powers, as only parliament has the power to make and unmake laws. Therefore, Muldoon's actions were not only illegal, but unconstitutional, as they violated the rule of law and the sovereignty of parliament. This is incapsulated in Sir Richard Wild's judgment, in which he stated that "The Act of Parliament in force required that those deductions and contributions must be made, yet here was the Prime Minister announcing that they need not be made. I am bound to hold that in so doing he was purporting to suspend the law without consent of Parliament. Parliament had made the law. Therefore the law could be amended or suspended only by Parliament or with the authority of Parliament."
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much deeper than that. It is in the context of the statement made by a Labour Prime
Minister of New Zealand in 1939: "Where Britain goes, we go." We see the Falklands as British territory and the Falklands Islanders as subjects of our Queen. We live at the end of the line and we know the feeling of isolation...With the Falklands Islands, it is family. Historically, Britain has so often on great occasions thrown up the leader that the occasion demanded. I regard Margaret Thatcher as one of the finest and straightest politicians I have ever met...In 1939 we learned the folly of appeasement. A great catastrophe was the price that was paid. The military rulers of Argentina must not be appeased. New Zealand will back Britain all the way.
3082:, became concerned that the New Zealand dollar (which had a fixed exchange-rate to the US dollar) had become significantly overvalued and was vulnerable to currency speculation on the financial markets in the event of a "significant political event". This was exacerbated by media speculation following a leak that an incoming Labour administration would be likely to significantly devalue the NZ dollar upon election. The Reserve Bank counselled Muldoon that the dollar should be devalued. Muldoon ignored the advice, owing to his belief that it would hurt poor New Zealanders in the medium term, and in June 1984 announced the snap election mentioned above which, as predicted, caused an immediate run on the dollar.
1810:
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in realigning
Muldoon's support from elderly voters. However, the high cost of the scheme had an immense impact on the budget; Margaret McClure determined that the scheme's superannuation was substantially higher than that of similar policies elsewhere in the world. The United States' superannuation for a married couple was effectively 49% of the average wage rate, and 40% in Australia and 38% in Britain; however, New Zealand's was set at 80%. Therefore, by 1981 the spending on this scheme had doubled, and made up 17.3% of the government's budget. This resulted in other social policy programs, particularly education, being deprived of funds during this period. Justice
2617:, that he had not broken the Gleneagles Agreement because "New Zealand and subsequently other countries made it clear that they could not subscribe to an agreement which required them to abrogate the freedoms of their sportsmen and prohibit sporting contacts". "The Tour", as it has become known, provoked massive public demonstrations and some of the worst social schisms New Zealand has ever seen. Muldoon came down firmly on the pro-Tour side, arguing that sport and politics should be kept separate. He argued that his refusal to ban the Springboks was anti-authoritarian, leaving it up to individual consciences whether to play sports with representatives of
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3026:. Fraser, likely considering how Muldoon had physically attacked political demonstrators before, understood that giving him a hostile welcome would be a poor decision. Arguing that it would not look good and could likely provoke New Zealand, he agreed to move the meeting place to the back entrance. Doing so moved Fraser, other leaders and the media away from the original entrance, where that night, a bomb exploded in a bin that was being emptied, killing two rubbish collectors and a policeman. Malcolm Fraser and others theorised that the bomb was planted out the front to assassinate Indian Prime Minister
2759:: a freeze on wages and most prices (items excluded included fresh meat, frozen meat, items sold at auction and "women's fashion clothing other than standard lines"), interest rates and dividends across the country in April 1982. Against this he offered a "sweetener" of a tax cut which cost the New Zealand treasury approximately a billion New Zealand dollars. Ultimately the Wage and Price Freeze, which had been intended only to last for a year, remained in force for nearly two years and was repealed by the incoming Labour Government. Years later, Muldoon admitted that the freeze was a political mistake.
2679:, who Muldoon did not get along with, refused to co-operate. In response, Muldoon introduced his Think Big strategy, in which the government borrowed heavily to invest in large-scale industrial projects, predominantly energy-related. The projects' goals were to make New Zealand more than 60% self-sufficient in energy, and to produce 425,000 jobs. The Clyde dam, which generated electricity to be used to manufacture aluminium for export, was typical of Muldoon's efforts to shelter New Zealand from the troubles of the rest of the world. This dam was described to symbolise "fortress New Zealand".
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3149:. After being defeated in the ballot Muldoon was asked whether he was going to be a thorn in McLay's side, to which he replied "More like a little prick." He refused McLay's offer of a front bench post, instead opting to return to the backbench for the first time in over two decades. However, he continued to openly agitate against McLay, refusing to withdraw into an "elder statesman" role as McLay wanted. The relationship between the two bottomed out when Muldoon criticised the entire party leadership, forcing McLay to demote him to the lowest rank in the National caucus.
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2463:. However, his government did not participate in the US-led trade boycott against the Soviet Union because it would have hurt New Zealand's predominantly agricultural export economy. In 1980, the National government also expelled the Soviet Ambassador, Vsevolod Sofinski, for providing funding to the SUP. Despite his antagonism towards the Soviet Union and domestic Communist movements, Muldoon's government still maintained economic relations with the Soviet Union.
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inflation, as all of the equipment and technology used was imported. As a result of increased oil prices, a decline in New
Zealand's terms of trade, and less than expected returns from the Think Big projects, Muldoon was forced to borrow more money. Despite Muldoon's promise before the 1975 election to erase debt, the already high levels of debt remained. The advisability of the Think Big projects remains controversial.
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being discriminatory, ineffective, and a "quick fix" that precluded necessary fundamental reform of the taxation system (as there were no income tax cuts to reflect the shift to indirect taxation). The boat and caravan levies, in particular, crippled both industries, as potential buyers could not afford the 20% tax on top of the construction costs, resulting in additional unemployment as workers were laid off.
3209:, who described himself as not a Muldoon supporter, wrote that he still served as an active MP for his Tamaki electorate, dealing immediately with matters from all walks of life. He continued to write in international economic journals, arguing that the unemployment that had arisen as a result of the free market reforms was worse than the gains that were made, a view that came to be popular by the time of the
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3439:". Both his physical appearance (with his distinctive facial scar) and personal style led to the nicknames "Scarface" and "Piggy" – both of which he appropriated himself. Muldoon became patron of the Black Power gang for whom he had created work schemes and advised on the better treatment of women and children associated with the gang. Members paid him solemn respect by performing a
2971:. With their ideological preferences notwithstanding, the two men did not like each other from very early on, and grew to loathe one another to an undiplomatic degree. This was likely entirely caused, and then exacerbated, by Muldoon's animosity toward Fraser. The elder statesman, Muldoon was blatantly patronising and rude to Fraser, and even
1848:(who himself died unexpectedly in December 1969) and Jack Marshall who had declined the post. Muldoon was to remain Minister of Finance for 14 of the next 17 years; at 45, he became the youngest Minister of Finance since the 1890s. At the time there was a serious economic crisis due to a down-turn in the price of wool.
2735:, a junior minister who had been demoted for his role in the Colonel's Coup of 1980, spoke out against Think Big, casting doubts on its benefits. As a result, Muldoon asked him to apologise or resign from Cabinet; Quigley chose to resign. Muldoon had also fallen out with former supporter and millionaire businessman
2875:. A journalist commented that a one-month election campaign would not give Muldoon much time to which Muldoon replied, audibly slurring his words, "It doesn't give my opponents much time to run up to an election, does it?". Six days before the election, a televised leader's debate was held between Muldoon and
2180:, dating from 1935, in the face of a changing world. Muldoon had remained National's Finance spokesman when he became party leader, and as a result became his own Minister of Finance when National won power in 1975—thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He is the last to hold both posts to date.
2995:, then a political aide, Fraser snapped and physically lost his temper during a late night policy meeting. Downer recalled in 2003 that the usually patient Fraser suddenly began jumping up and down and swearing loudly "in the hope that he would wake Sir Robert from his sleep, just for the sake of it".
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We are a free and independent nation but in time of trouble we stand with our mother country...New
Zealand's decision to break off diplomatic relations with Argentina over the Falklands, immediately after Britain had done so, was not because of Britain's support on the sporting issue. The reason goes
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Economics correspondent Brian Gaynor has claimed that
Muldoon's policy of reversing Labour's saving scheme cost him a chance to transform the New Zealand economy. The National superannuation scheme was one of Muldoon's 1975 election promises: it was described as a "generous" policy, and was effective
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In response to this crisis, Muldoon introduced mini-budgets instead of annual budgets, the first being presented on 4 May 1967. He cut and held public expenditure and increased indirect taxes to reduce demand. As a result, Muldoon was credited with the better economic performance New
Zealand enjoyed,
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A month before the general election
Muldoon remained the preferred prime minister, though his support slipped from 60% to 48% while Rowling's rose 8 points to 38%. At the election, held on 25 November, National lost three seats and it dropped 7.9 percentage points in the vote. Although the party had
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him on repetitive occasions. He also made bigoted remarks towards
Australians in Fraser's company, and was known to repeatedly claim that New Zealanders migrating to Australia "raised the IQ of both countries". Muldoon often boasted to Fraser about the slow and costly process of Australia importing
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nearly 20 years later in 1946. This left
Muldoon's mother to raise him on her own. During this time Muldoon came under the strong formative influence of his fiercely intelligent, iron-willed maternal grandmother Jerusha, a committed socialist. Though Muldoon never accepted her creed, he did develop
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appeal, he shaped his reputation as a rough, tough, and thoroughly cantankerous politician through his self-determination, even at the risk of his own political longevity. He became the first prime minister to use television as a medium to gain widespread support, and eagerly used it to attack and
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and took him to court. A series of court battles with the millionaire, in which each sued the other for defamation, had left
Muldoon with considerable legal fees to pay. As a result of his financial desperation, he capitalised on his abrasive persona by having a short stage career, appearing in a
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responded by saying that "The New Zealand Government and people have been absolutely magnificent in their support of this country, of the Falkland Islanders and of the rule of liberty and the rule of law. I shall gladly convey that to Mr. Muldoon, who, only yesterday, reminded me 'Don't forget. In
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on the basis that it would penalise poor people and increase inflation due to compensatory wage increases. However, in May 1979 he attempted to increase tax revenue by levying 10% to 20% taxes on a wide range of goods, including petrol, lawnmowers, caravans and boats. The taxes were criticised for
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This choice was controversial because Holyoake was a sitting Cabinet minister. Both opponents and supporters of Muldoon's government claimed that it was a political appointment; a number of National MPs, including his deputy, disagreed with the precedent of having a politician as Governor-General.
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at the time. After changing his story several times, Moyle resigned from Parliament. He later said that he had not been obliged to resign, but had done so because "the whole thing just made me sick". It has been suggested that Muldoon saw him as a leadership threat and acted accordingly. In a 1990
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In July 1974, Muldoon as opposition leader had promised to cut immigration and to "get tough" on law and order issues. He claimed that the Labour government's immigration policies had contributed to the economic recession and undermined the "New Zealand way of life" by causing a housing shortage.
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to fill a labour shortage caused by the post–war economic boom. Consequently, the Pacific Islander population in New Zealand had grown to 45,413 by 1971, with a substantial number overstaying their visas. The economic crisis of the early 1970s led to increased crime, unemployment and other social
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The Think Big projects were a major part of Muldoon's legacy. However, when presenting the idea to the public, Muldoon vastly exaggerated their benefits. Many projects had severe budget overruns of as much as ten times their expected costs. This soon worsened the balance of payments deficit and
2547:, a major upset and a blow for Muldoon's leadership. Muldoon blamed Brash and the party organisation for the defeat, but was strongly rebuked by the party for this stance. The loss of the by-election provided the catalyst for growing opposition within the National Party to Muldoon's leadership.
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that was trying to subvert New Zealand and the South Pacific island states. In various speeches and press releases, he would accuse the SUP and other Communist groups of instigating strikes and organising protests against US naval visits and New Zealand's sporting contacts with South Africa.
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and the ruling National Party for damaging relations with the Pacific Islander community. At the time, Pacific Islanders comprised only one third of the overstayers (who were primarily from the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa), but made up 86% of those arrested and prosecuted for
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In his first term (1975–1978) Muldoon focused on reducing expenditure, but struggled with the growing cost of his own superannuation scheme, partly due to the many tax rebates and exemptions he passed for lower income earners. By March 1978 the economy was growing again, but unemployment and
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as Governor-General coming to an end in 1977, a new appointee was needed. Muldoon sent a message to the Queen on 15 December 1976 putting forward former prime minister Sir Keith Holyoake as his appointee, which the Queen approved. The announcement was made by the Queen at the end of
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and the political establishment, he consistently tried to centralise power under himself during his premiership. His tenure was plagued by an economic pattern of stagnation, high inflation, growing unemployment, and high external debts and borrowing. Economic policies of the
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Muldoon's government inherited a number of economic and social challenges. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, New Zealand's economy had significantly declined due to several international developments: a decline in international wool prices in 1966, Britain joining the
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by 150 votes, and a majority of one. Muldoon had to be persuaded not to make the Springbok Tour an issue in the election, and the National Party's campaign instead focused on Think Big. Again, Muldoon's Government received fewer votes than the opposition Labour Party.
2489:, to review the case. Adams-Smith reported 'an injustice may have been done', and Muldoon pushed through a royal pardon for Thomas. A subsequent Royal Commission of Inquiry exonerated Thomas and recommended he be paid $ 950,000 as compensation for the time he served.
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to the Indian Ocean to relieve Royal Navy frigates, so that they could in their turn deploy in the conflict. New Zealand also broke off its diplomatic relations with Argentina. In defence of his support for the war, Muldoon wrote an article that was published in
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After nine years, Muldoon's stewardship of the nation and its economy ceased. The newly elected neo-liberal and unexpectedly pro-free market Fourth Labour Government embarked on a series of fundamental free-market reforms known (after Labour's finance minister
2967:) had for each other. Whitlam and Kirk had both become prime minister in 1972 after a lengthy period of conservative rule, but their governments lasted just one term. Both Fraser and Muldoon became prime minister in 1975, returning right-wing governance to
2571:. Muldoon, who was overseas at the time, saw the plotters off with relative ease, especially since Talboys himself was a reluctant draftee. No other serious challenge to his leadership occurred in his years as prime minister until after the 1984 election.
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It is a strong convention in New Zealand politics that a prime minister does not ask for an early election unless he or she cannot govern, or unless they need to seek the electorate's endorsement on a matter of national importance (as was the case in
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where Muldoon, irritated by Lange's magnanimous closing words to him, sarcastically finished the debate by saying "I love you, Mr Lange". Muldoon was heavily defeated by Lange's resurgent Labour Party, which won 56 seats to National's 37 with massive
2663:. Economic growth in New Zealand had only just begun to recover from the 1976–78 recession when the oil shock hit. Economic pressures continued to build: Muldoon tried to control spiraling increases in wages and inflation through a trade-off with the
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on a slogan of "Man For Man, The Strongest Team" – an allusion to Marshall's own low-key style, particularly compared to his deputy. Muldoon commented on Labour's election promises with "They can't promise anything because I've spent it all".
1382:. Muldoon completed his training as an accountant, sitting his final exams to become an accountant while in Italy, from Jack Marshall's tent. Muldoon then worked in a chartered accountancy firm in the United Kingdom for a year. According to
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Muldoon was a polarising figure while in power, and remains one to this day. During his time in power he regularly eschewed formality, which included punching political demonstrators and stripping naked at a cocktail party. Praised for his
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during the 1970s' oil crises, Muldoon supported a scheme to retrofit cars to use natural gas or a dual-fuel gas–petrol system. The 1979 budget introduced incentives for the conversions, and New Zealand emerged as the first country to make
2709:
Despite the turmoil over the Springbok Tour, Muldoon's Government won the subsequent 1981 election, held on 28 November. On the night, National won 46 seats to Labour's 44 and Social Credit's two, but a recount gave National the seat of
3458:. Both Muldoon and Trump pursued populist protectionist methods aimed at creating both full employment and self-sufficiency and promoted anti-immigration policies, while demonstrating aggressive and tactless personal behaviour.
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Muldoon was appointed in 1961 to the Public Accounts Committee, which in 1962 became the Public Expenditure Committee. He was well informed on all aspects of the government, and could participate in many debates in Parliament.
5960:
Barry Gustafson. 'Muldoon, Robert David', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 2010. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/6m1/muldoon-robert-david (accessed 2 April
3089:: Muldoon refused to do as the incoming government instructed, causing the currency crisis to worsen. Eventually he relented however, after his position as leader of the National party was threatened by members of his caucus.
3030:(although this was never proven) and that if he had walked down to greet Desai as he exited his vehicle at the original entry point, the bomb would likely have been triggered, exploding and killing them both. He later told
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Gustafson, 2000: "refuge of so many Irishmen, and from which we have in very recent times had some quite unwelcome acquisitions whose activity among the “red guard” element in our unions has done nothing but harm to New
3156:, who had served as Minister of Labour for the latter half of Muldoon's term as prime minister. Bolger returned Muldoon to the front bench as spokesperson for Foreign Affairs, pitting him directly against Prime Minister
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while still in office. Mounting legal costs encouraged Muldoon to pursue a novelty acting career, but he remained in parliament until his retirement in 1992. He died shortly thereafter; the gang Black Power performed a
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2841:(CER) free trade agreement with Australia to liberalise trade, which came into effect from New Year's Day 1982. The aim of total free trade between the two countries was achieved in 1990, five years ahead of schedule.
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to abolish Labour's superannuation scheme without new legislation. Muldoon felt that the dissolution would be immediate, and he would later introduce a bill in parliament to retroactively make the abolition legal. The
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argued National struggled at the election because of the many boundary changes and issues with the electoral roll, contrary to Muldoon's claims that the media going against National had caused the decline in support.
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Despite Fraser's unwilling gratitude to Muldoon, the two men seemed to dislike each other so much by 1983 that when the time came to ratify CER, they refused to do it together. Instead, the deal was signed by the
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into New Zealand. Initially there was some controversy over the design of the new coins and notes of the New Zealand dollar, but the issues were overcome in time for the new currency's introduction in July 1967.
2345:
The Leader of the Opposition, Bill Rowling complained that he had not been consulted on the appointment, and then stated that he would act to remove Holyoake as Governor-General should the Labour Party win the
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divided the country and led to unprecedented civil disorder in 1981. Muldoon became more and more controversial as his premiership progressed; in addition to the controversy of the Springbok tour, he began a
3289:
On his Radio Pacific show, on 17 November 1991, Muldoon announced he would stand down from Parliament; he formally retired one month later, on 17 December. His retirement party featured taped speeches from
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Many members of the party caucus regarded Marshall as not up to the task of taking on the formidable new Prime Minister Norman Kirk. Partly due to this, Marshall resigned, and Muldoon took over, becoming
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lifeguards jumping into the surf from the helicopter. He was lifted out of the water and transported back to the beach slung under the helicopter using the rescue strop connected into the cargo hook.
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about Polynesian migrants. Muldoon's government accelerated and increased the Kirk government's police raids against Pacific overstayers. These operations involved special police squads conducting
1821:. However, Muldoon was passed over as a new Cabinet minister following the election, with fellow Young Turks Duncan MacIntyre and Peter Gordon appointed ahead of him. Holyoake appointed Muldoon as
1912:, was published. The book was to be reprinted four times and sell 28,000 copies. Muldoon mastered television and packed public meetings with loyal supporters dubbed "Rob's Mob", who included many
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Muldoon's third term was tumultuous. With a one-seat majority he faced an increasingly restless backbench who wanted the National Party to adopt a more economically liberal stance. Early in 1982
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2951:), the relationship Muldoon had with Malcolm Fraser was unusually poor; largely due to Muldoon, they never got along. This paralleled the mutual dislike previous left-leaning Prime Ministers
2900:). Muldoon justified the snap election because he felt Waring's revolt impeded his ability to govern. Indeed, it was obvious that Muldoon was finding it hard to pass financial measures with
8987:
3446:
Muldoon's shunning of intellectualism in favour of intimidating, raging against so-called "elites", and blatant, manipulative populism has led him to be called a forerunner to the likes of
1934:
Muldoon relished the opportunity to match up against Kirk – but had it for only a short time, until Kirk's sudden unexpected death on 31 August 1974. Kirk was replaced as prime minister by
2762:
The second recession during Muldoon's premiership hit in September 1982. New Zealand's economy contracted again by 3% and unemployment hit 5.1% by 1983, and net emigration remained high.
2555:
Following the loss of the East Coast Bays by-election, Muldoon faced an abortive attempt in October–November 1980 to oust him as leader. Known as the Colonels' Coup after its originators—
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to be Muldoon after changes in government in both New Zealand and Canada in 1984, with many Canadian political cartoonists taking up on this error and referring to Mulroney as 'Muldoon'.
1871:
When Holyoake stood down in 1972, Muldoon challenged Marshall for the top job; he lost by a narrow margin, but won unanimous election as deputy leader of the National Party and hence
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Report of the Royal Commission to Inquire into the Circumstances of the Convictions of Arthur Allan Thomas for the Murders of David Harvey Crewe and Jeanette Lenore Crewe, 1980
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Held at Auckland's His Majesty's Theatre (demolished soon after the production ended), Muldoon played off his novelty and starred as the narrator, starring alongside a young
1299:
At the age of five, 'Rob' Muldoon slipped while playing on the front gate, damaging his cheek and resulting in a distinctive lopsided smile that remained with him for life.
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1239:, which Muldoon infamously announced while intoxicated on live television, National finally suffered a significant defeat to Labour. Shortly before leaving office, amid a
1954:, described by Muldoon as "not even a thinly disguised" attack on himself. Muldoon overwhelmed Rowling, reversing the 32–55 Labour majority to a 55–32 National majority.
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New Zealand goods, claiming on one occasion that New Zealand had "screwed the Aussies again" and would always get the upper hand. Even when negotiating and agreeing to
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between Australia and New Zealand ever signed up to that point, Muldoon and Fraser refused to engage directly. Their relationship reached a nadir in 1982, during the
2327:
1119:(1972). Over this time he built up an informal but solid backing amongst National's mostly rural right faction, which he called "Rob's Mob". After National lost the
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during his funeral in 1992. For his acrimonious behaviour he was also dubbed a "bully", and posthumously he was said to have "run the country like a gang" himself.
2833:, meeting in 1978 in Sydney. It was an open secret that the two men did not get along, and even hated each other – largely due to Muldoon's rudeness towards Fraser.
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overstaying. The Muldoon government's treatment of overstayers also damaged relations with Pacific countries like Samoa and Tonga, and generated criticism from the
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Although he remained iconic to particular segments of society, particularly the elderly, Muldoon faded quickly as a force on the political scene. His biographer,
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communities, church groups, employers and workers' unions, anti-racist groups, and the opposition Labour Party. The raids were also criticised by elements of the
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has been named after the former prime minister. Safety work carried out between 2009 and 2012, costing NZ$ 16.5 million, included realignment to ease the corner.
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overstayers which had begun in 1974. Since the 1950s, the New Zealand government had encouraged substantial emigration from several Pacific countries including
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that would remain with him throughout his life even amongst those who were his supporters. Muldoon himself seemed to relish his controversial public profile.
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for failing to oppose Soviet communism. Muldoon was critical of Communist influence in New Zealand's trade union movement. He also viewed the Moscow-aligned
3018:. Fraser recalled that Muldoon had demanded that Fraser change the meeting venue in the hotel from the front to the back, to avoid a group of young, female
3416:
Muldoon famously declared upon becoming prime minister that he hoped to leave New Zealand "no worse off than I found it". Historians such as Gustafson and
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implied would turn New Zealand into a communist state), and undertaking to fix New Zealand's "shattered economy". Labour responded with a campaign called
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2500:, in November 1977. Despite an abrasive personality, the Prime Minister was known for his eccentric behaviour – including an unexplained affection for
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Muldoon opposed both abortion and capital punishment. In 1961 he was one of ten National MPs to cross the floor and vote with the Opposition to remove
4414:
2916:. This has led historians to question Muldoon's excuse for calling a snap election, since he still would have had the constitutional means to govern.
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Muldoon fell seriously ill almost immediately after his retirement, and died in hospital on 5 August 1992, aged 70. He is buried at Purewa Cemetery,
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1354:. Muldoon was protective of his family life and, in particular, his wife. He said that people could comment about him but his family was off limits.
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for a group of young rebels) because of their criticism of the party's senior leadership. From his early years as an MP, Muldoon became known as
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in November 1976 of having been questioned by the police on suspicion of homosexual activities a year earlier. Homosexual activity between men
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During the 1975 general elections, the National Party had played a controversial electoral advertisement that was later criticised for stoking
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argued Muldoon's lack of "strategic vision" denied New Zealand a careful, measured economic restructuring that paved the way for Rogernomics.
2285:, and the attention that this got him helped propel Lange to the leadership of the Labour Party and his landslide victory over Muldoon in the
3137:) to receive a knighthood while still in office; at the time he said, "If anyone thought it was a signal of an early retirement, it is not."
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In his later years Muldoon's health declined as he suffered from a number of ailments, and became increasingly opposed to his successor,
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1338:, who he had met through the Junior Nationals. The couple had three children. Lady Muldoon, who died at age 87 in 2015, was appointed a
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on the homes of overstayers throughout New Zealand. Overstayers and their families were usually deported to their countries of origin.
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Muldoon continued to undermine McLay until 1986, when McLay was ousted in turn by his own deputy (and Muldoon's preferred candidate),
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Muldoon displayed a flair for debate and a diligence in his backbench work. Following the re-election of Holyoake's government at the
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been returned to office with a majority of seats, it had lost the popular vote to a resurgent Labour Party. National Party President
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Muldoon established a considerable national profile rapidly; Holyoake would later credit his image, rather than that of his deputy,
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leadership: a reduction in the tax rate in exchange for an agreement not to press for further rounds of wage increases, similar to
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2176:. The "Muldoon Years" were to feature Muldoon's obstinate and resourceful attempts to maintain New Zealand's "cradle to the grave"
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When Harry Lake died suddenly of a heart attack in February 1967 (only days after Muldoon had joined the Cabinet), Prime Minister
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in Rotorua. Both men were staying at the same hotel, with Muldoon's room directly below Fraser's. According to future Australian
2247:. By 1979, the Muldoon government terminated the Dawn Raids, concluding that they had failed to alleviate the economic problems.
1942:, National ran on a platform of "New Zealand – The Way You Want It", a slogan Muldoon came up with himself, promising a generous
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in 1978. According to Fraser himself, this was because Muldoon had inadvertently prevented Fraser from being killed in the 1978
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interview, Moyle said that the scandal had made him a "sadder and wiser person". The head of the prime minister's department,
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criticise Muldoon because, according to them, he pursued an ultimately unsustainable line of policy. Former Cabinet Minister
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in 2009: "I really believe to this day that, in a weird way, Morarji Desai and I probably owe our lives to Robert Muldoon."
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voting against the Government on certain issues. However, Waring said that she would not have denied Muldoon confidence or
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was an aggressive power with hegemonic ambitions in the South Pacific. Muldoon would also join the United States President
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1686:. He quickly became active in the party, making two sacrificial-lamb bids for Parliament against entrenched but vulnerable
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2104:, he promised to lead "a Government of the ordinary bloke". His government immediately faced problems with the economy; a
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5035:"Lodge, Nevile Sidney, 1918–1989:'Say, Mr. Muldoon, how about a permanent Noo Zealand exhibit here in Fantasyland?' 1977"
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3286:" after Minister of Finance Ruth Richardson), Muldoon announced his resignation to the party caucus on 10 November 1991.
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Professing a belief that politics should not interfere with sport, Muldoon resisted pressure to bar the 1981 tour by the
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1056:; 25 September 1921 – 5 August 1992) was a New Zealand conservative politician who served as the 31st
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Lodge, Nevile Sidney, 1918–1989:'Say,... | Items | National Library of New Zealand | National Library of New Zealand
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The Dawn Raids were widely condemned by various sections of New Zealand society, including the Pacific Islander and
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3298:. One of the people organising the party was Bob Jones, who had forgiven Muldoon for their previous falling out. A
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protestors. They had travelled especially from New Zealand for the event, to demonstrate against Muldoon's refusal
2621:. He also argued that allowing their rugby team to tour did not mean supporting apartheid, any more than playing a
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under her influence a potent ambition, a consuming interest in politics, and an abiding respect for New Zealand's
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1863:. He displayed a flair for the newly introduced medium of television (broadcasts began in New Zealand in 1960).
1386:, Muldoon's 1977 autobiography, he returned to New Zealand after the war as the country's first fully qualified
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6204:"'They were very similar' – Black Power gang leader's brothers talk about his dealings with Sir Robert Muldoon"
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drew Muldoon's attention to the case of Arthur Allan Thomas, twice convicted for the murders of farming couple
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in particular. Muldoon's drunkenness when announcing the election date led to it being humorously called the "
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3249:, then going by the stage name of "Russ Le Roq". He also had minor television appearances on commercials for
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A final controversy occurred during the course of the election and transfer of government: during early 1984
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Despite Muldoon's tactless behaviour, Fraser harboured gratitude for him out of his belief that Muldoon had
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electoral system keeping him in power despite losing the popular vote in each election except 1975. At the
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and then the Auckland Electric Power Board as an arrears clerk. He studied accountancy by correspondence.
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2774:. While New Zealand did not directly participate in the conflict, Muldoon undertook to send the frigates
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Ultimately, the end of Muldoon's government came following a late-night clash with National backbencher
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and later leader of the National Party, as its candidate. Brash lost the by-election to Social Credit's
2108:
from June 1976 to March 1978 caused New Zealand's economy to shrink 4.1% and unemployment to rise 125%.
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stance and re-emphasised New Zealand's defence commitments to the United States and Australia under the
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3282:. Alienated from National and disenchanted with government's new neoliberal economic policies (dubbed "
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in 1976). Muldoon noted, however, that the Gleneagles Agreement had been amended and, in an article in
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Anae, Melanie (2012). "Overstayers, Dawn Raids and the Polynesian Panthers". In Sean, Mallon (ed.).
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Justice Stephen Kos "Constitutional collision: Fitzgerald v Muldoon v Wild" (2014) 13 Otago LR 243.
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Muldoon was sworn in as New Zealand's 31st Prime Minister on 12 December 1975, at the age of 54. A
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scheme to replace Kirk and Rowling's employer-contribution superannuation scheme (which the famous
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2419:, Muldoon adopted an anti-Soviet stance. As a long-time National Party activist, Muldoon rejected
2274:, wrote that Muldoon had told later him outing Moyle was the thing he regretted most in his life.
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After his tenure as prime minister, the Muldoons were heavily in debt. Muldoon was furious with
2309:(fourth from right), pictured in the conservatory at Government House Wellington in October 1978
1162:". He appointed himself Minister of Finance. Although he used populist rhetoric to rail against
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6689:(2004). "Chapter 2: New Zealand in the Cold War World". In Trapeznik, Alex; Fox, Aaron (eds.).
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severely weakened the Labour Party, and Muldoon soon led National to a decisive victory in the
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3253:(when it changed its brand name in New Zealand from "National") and in the television series
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Muldoon had several close relationships with foreign leaders, such as British prime minister
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One of Muldoon's first actions was to issue a press release stating that he would advise the
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Only one other prime minister was so honored while still in office: Keith Holyoake, in 1970.
3175:", and to his dismay – to see his own man, Bolger, take up the same baton after winning the
3109:, which marked a fundamental break with the more interventionist policies of Muldoon's era.
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Muldoon remained as the MP for Tamaki until shortly before his death. He lived through the
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in 1973 (which deprived New Zealand of its formerly most important export market), and the
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Battlers Bluffers and Bully-boys: How New Zealand's Prime Ministers Have Shaped Our Nation
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https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU1103/S00291/15-per-cent-of-kiwis-have-irish-ancestry.htm
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included national superannuation, wage and price freezes, industrial incentives, and the
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right-wing populism ("counterpunching", a term he coined) and the promise of a lucrative
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After a troubled childhood, Muldoon served as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the
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1796:. While holding this office, he took responsibility for the successful introduction of
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This article is about the New Zealand politician. For the Jurassic Park character, see
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2349:. As a result of the appointment, Holyoake resigned from Parliament, resulting in the
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has also stated that the "increase, without contribution, was utterly unsustainable."
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overstayers. To engage with crime, Muldoon built "unusually close relationships" with
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Scoop: Culture - '15 per cent of Kiwis have Irish ancestry' (Monday, 14 March 2011).
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3187:. Muldoon was a staunch critic of Richardson's and the Bolger government's policies.
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2867:(giving the Opposition a victory). On 14 June 1984, a visibly drunk Muldoon called a
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commonplace. However, the projected continued rise in oil prices did not transpire.
2599:-era South Africa. By allowing "the Tour", Muldoon was accused of breaking the 1977
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1930:(centre left) with National members celebrating on election night, 29 November 1975
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in November 1940 during the Second World War, and served in the South Pacific with
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for alleged illegal homosexual activities and punched demonstrators at a protest.
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language, and he refused to legalise male homosexual activity and abortion, both
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Muldoon was deposed as National leader shortly after the election by his deputy,
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5847:"New Zealand's prime minister denies that knighthood marks sunset of his career"
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Muldoon's Corner work set to begin 31 August – Local News – Wairarapa Times-Age
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Rebalancing the Constitution: The Challenge of Government Law-making Under MMP
2427:
in the later 1960s, he also rebuked left-leaning clergymen who had criticised
2393:'s tour of New Zealand in October 1981; Muldoon is seated on the Queen's right
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who entered parliament in the same year, became known as the "Young Turks" (a
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Frontier of Dreams: The Story of New Zealand—Into the 21st Century, 1946-2005
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Muldoon also opposed the legalisation of homosexual behaviour when Labour MP
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As prime minister, he accepted both the American and Chinese views that the
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ailments, which disproportionately involved the Pacific Islander community.
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on 25 September 1921 to parents James Henry Muldoon and Amie Rusha Muldoon (
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4415:"How bad is the Current Recession? Labour Market Downturns since the 1960s"
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Lodge, Nevile Sidney; Evening Post (Wellington, N. Z. ) (1 January 1977).
2940:. These ranged from being positive to being stricken with deep animosity.
2261:
Muldoon, in Parliament, accused opposition MP and former Cabinet minister
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In March 1947 Muldoon joined the newly founded Mount Albert branch of the
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met with them on several occasions. In foreign policy, Muldoon adopted an
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1730:. Muldoon would represent the Tamaki constituency for the next 32 years.
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New Zealand Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Muldoon, Robert (20 May 1982). "Why we stand with our mother country".
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as an "alien" collectivist philosophy. During the television programme
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Muldoon came to power promising to lead "a Government of the ordinary
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3851:"On When National's Leaders Had A More Enlightened Approach To Gangs"
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With Think Big failing to deliver on its promise, Muldoon imposed an
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4981:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage
3294:(commenting that at Muldoon's age, he was only getting started) and
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was formed by Jones and took a significant share of the vote at the
1832:
Muldoon (centre) as Minister of Finance, 26 June 1969; with him are
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2603:(to form a common policy on sporting with South Africa amongst the
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New Zealand And The Soviet Union 1950–1991: A Brittle Relationship
4979:"Arthur Allan Thomas convicted of Crewe murders for a second time"
3478:
Muldoon was frequently lampooned in the TVNZ-produced satire show
2871:
that same year; historians noted the unfortunate coincidence with
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Conquering the road that scared me « Moon over Martinborough
5727:
5306:"Balance of payments - Other perspectives on the current account"
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played Sir Robert Muldoon in the made-for-television mini-series
3495:
would sometimes mistake the last name of Canadian Prime Minister
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Unsuccessful candidates in the 1954 New Zealand general election
9008:
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1957 New Zealand general election
5138:"Robert Muldoon: Why My Small Country is Now Being Rent Asunder"
4467:"The legitimacy of judicial review of executive decision-making"
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The First 50 Years: A History of the New Zealand National Party
6352:"Opinion: The one we love to hate was our best leader in years"
6258:"The Official Information Act and Privacy: New Zealand's Story"
5605:"The Official Information Act and Privacy: New Zealand's Story"
4898:"Taxes - Gradual complication of the tax system – 1960 to 1984"
3974:
3413:, Muldoon moved swiftly to minimise publicity and protect her.
3402:
3133:. He was only the second New Zealand Prime Minister (after Sir
2750:
2321:, on whom to appoint as governor-general. With the term of Sir
2224:
2198:
Robert Muldoon continued his Labour predecessor Prime Minister
1289:
1243:, Muldoon was forced by the incoming Government to devalue the
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8968:
New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
5508:"Signing of CER agreement strengthens trans-Tasman trade ties"
3795:"Muldoon, Robert David: Thea Muldoon with Black Power members"
2292:
1710:
he won election as MP for the suburban Auckland electorate of
1223:
Muldoon led his party to two additional election victories in
6496:
Tangata O Le Moana: New Zealand and the People of the Pacific
6095:"Abortion - Controversy: 1974 to 1980s - Abortion conference"
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from 1933 to 1936. He left school at age 15, finding work at
1204:
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1159:
1127:, Muldoon used his connections to oust moderate party leader
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New Zealand Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
6832:
The Governors: New Zealand's Governors and Governors-General
5571:"Here is the News – 1984 Snap Election Anouncement [
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1908:
on 9 July 1974. A day later, Muldoon's first autobiography,
1370:. He was later sent to Italy and served with the same unit (
5083:
5081:
4876:
4874:
4837:
4835:
4636:
3521:
3440:
3127:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
2770:
In 1982, Muldoon's government supported the British in the
2215:
2111:
1257:
6466:"Piha Surf Life Saving Club – Guardians of the Iron Sands"
6150:
5925:"Parliamentary Conscience Votes Database – Robert Muldoon"
5284:
5282:
4949:
4947:
4738:
4234:
4232:
4011:
3119:
Additional Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour
1068:. Departing from National Party convention, Muldoon was a
7628:
6624:
Pragmatism and Progress: Social Security in the Seventies
6184:
6174:
All Honourable Men: Inside the Muldoon Cabinet, 1975–1984
6114:
4959:
3217:
Financial troubles, media career, and split from National
1175:
industrial projects. He reintroduced and intensified the
1135:
in 1974. Through Muldoon's ideological blend of moderate
1033:
7087:
Archives New Zealand – Robert Muldoon Official Biography
6302:"Feisty, Protectionist Populism? New Zealand Tried That"
5907:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5526:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5117:
5105:
5093:
5078:
4871:
4832:
4808:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4374:"Feisty, Protectionist Populism? New Zealand Tried That"
4171:
4169:
4167:
4028:
4026:
3263:(as the vampiric host 'Count Robula'); he also hosted a
2313:
As prime minister, Muldoon had the sole right to advise
1302:
When Muldoon was aged eight, his father was admitted to
1247:. In 1984, he was only the second prime minister (after
1095:, he was elected to the House of Representatives at the
6138:
5964:
5377:"Story: National Party Page 2 – Consensus and division"
5279:
4944:
4932:
4694:
4682:
4606:
4594:
4582:
4229:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3712:
3710:
3528:
club-house after the Project 40 rebuild, he joined the
3510:, depicting the end of the Muldoon National Government.
2301:
Prime Minister Muldoon (far left) and Governor-General
1103:, representing the National Party. Muldoon rose in the
6126:
5786:
5741:
5694:"Feisty, protectionist populism? New Zealand tried it"
4859:
4847:
3695:
3641:"Feisty, protectionist populism? New Zealand tried it"
3435:, and made uncouth public statements that emphasised "
2813:
New Zealand, we are still a member of the same family.
5898:
5724:"Fraser says Muldoon saved his life - in a weird way"
5425:
5356:
5344:
5325:
5211:
4820:
4796:
4784:
4540:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4164:
4152:
4023:
1718:, who had taken the former National seat in 1957. In
1390:, though there are no other sources confirming this.
1048:
5614:
4667:
Damon Fepulea'I, Rachel Jean, Tarx Morrison (2005).
4353:
4050:"Muldoon, Robert David: Family album: 1950s wedding"
3990:
3707:
2919:
1817:
The Holyoake government was again re-elected at the
1042:
1036:
8923:
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
6964:
Revolution:New Zealand from Fortress to Free Market
5304:McDermott, C. John; Sethi, Rishab (11 March 2010).
5262:"Revolution – 1, Fortress New Zealand | Television"
4570:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4111:
The Years Before My Death. Memories of a Comic Life
3761:"Robert Muldoon: The Grim Face of Power - Part One"
3667:
3665:
3663:
2096:
during an official visit to the United States, 1977
1859:, for the National Party's surprise victory in the
1825:and Associate Minister of Finance 3 months later.
1770:
Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion Act 1977
1039:
1030:
5881:"Australian leadership becomes a toxic waste dump"
4725:
4723:
4521:"Brian Gaynor: How Muldoon threw away NZ's wealth"
2943:Despite both being from conservative parties (the
2845:Nuclear ships policy and the snap election of 1984
2415:As with other conservative governments during the
1788:, Muldoon was appointed as Under-Secretary to the
1772:when the issue also came up as a conscience vote.
1374:), as two other future National Party colleagues,
6691:Lenin's Legacy Down Under: New Zealand's Cold War
6275:"For comparisons sake, Berlusconi trumps Muldoon"
3008:Commonwealth Heads of Government Regional Meeting
2795:, entitled "Why we Stand by our Mother Country":
2581:1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand
2410:
1340:Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1147:scheme, National enjoyed a resurgence. The early
8904:
6441:"Muldoon's $ 16m corner opens after three years"
5951:edited by Hyam Gold (1985, 1989, 1992; Auckland)
5551:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 9 July 2010
5480:"NZ and Australia: Standing together, and apart"
5193:"Legacy of 1981 Springbok tour still felt today"
4396:
3660:
3123:1977 Queen's Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours
3085:Following the election the controversy became a
2863:legislation, in which Waring told him she would
2154:Muldoon meets British Conservative Party leader
5834:(2nd supplement). 31 December 1983. p. 33.
5717:
5715:
5514:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage
4720:
4419:Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
77:Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984
8973:New Zealand military personnel of World War II
8963:People educated at Mount Albert Grammar School
7800:
5303:
5129:
3513:A corner on the Remutaka Hill Road section of
3358:, died on 24 February 2015, at the age of 87.
2508:
7786:
7614:
7329:
6227:
5814:(4th supplement). 11 June 1977. p. 7127.
5686:
4762:"Prime Ministers from Below - Robert Muldoon"
4662:
4660:
4658:
4250:
4096:, 30 December 1985; retrieved 9 January 2013.
4081:, 30 December 1992; retrieved 9 January 2013.
3634:
3632:
2859:over highly contentious Opposition-sponsored
2525:New Zealand's ambassador to the United States
2305:(third from left) with West German President
1957:
1813:Muldoon in China as Minister of Finance, 1970
1768:had introduced. In 1977 he voted against the
989:
6299:
6228:Newbold, Greg; Taonui, Rāwiri (5 May 2011).
6034:
6032:
5712:
5639:. Institute of Policy Studies. p. 237.
5543:
5541:
4512:
4284:. 20 May 2004. p. 13131. Archived from
2820:
2751:Economic recession and wage and price freeze
2455:and other Western leaders in condemning the
1891:, was swept into office, ending 12 years in
1077:
7345:Premiers and prime ministers of New Zealand
5661:"Party Leader Punches New Zealand Hecklers"
3785:
3783:
3605:"US media compares Robert Muldoon to Trump"
2293:Appointment of Holyoake as Governor-General
1898:
1330:Robert Muldoon married Thea Flyger in 1951.
1288:descent; his grandfather was an Irish-born
7793:
7779:
7621:
7607:
7336:
7322:
6885:. Wellington: A.H. & A.W. Reed. 1974.
6744:. Wellington: Dunmore Publishing Limited.
6168:
5399:
5397:
4716:. Queer History New Zealand. 11 July 2002.
4655:
3822:"MPs rush to reveal strip club experience"
3754:
3752:
3629:
3387:insult his opponents. Muldoon openly used
3361:
3064:Foreign exchange and constitutional crises
2643:Muldoon shows a lighter side: opening the
1971:
1948:"Dancing Cossack" television advertisement
996:
982:
816:
344:9 February 1972 – 8 December 1972
115:
45:. Please do not remove this message until
7052:. Wellington: Fourth Estate Books (1978).
6758:
6742:Two Titans: Muldoon, Lange and Leadership
6739:
6711:
6685:
6655:
6190:
6144:
6120:
6029:
5970:
5759:
5538:
5532:
5288:
5123:
5111:
5099:
5087:
5058:
4953:
4892:
4880:
4841:
4814:
4555:
4486:"New Zealand and the Glorious Revolution"
4469:. New Zealand Law Society. Archived from
4329:
4238:
4044:
4017:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3789:
3701:
3427:Muldoon enjoyed engaging positively with
2380:
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
9003:New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates
6928:The New Zealand Economy: A Personal View
6428:Muldoon's Corner realignment work begins
6322:
6038:
5824:
5804:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3780:
3465:
3365:
3006:. The hotel was the venue for the first
2824:
2722:
2718:
2638:
2491:
2384:
2296:
2149:
2112:Superannuation and Fitzgerald v. Muldoon
2087:
2083:
2011:Third National Government of New Zealand
1992:12 December 1975 – 26 July 1984
1964:Third National Government of New Zealand
1921:
1866:
1827:
1808:
1325:
1263:
452:26 July 1984 – 29 November 1984
242:12 December 1975 – 26 July 1984
145:12 December 1975 – 26 July 1984
41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
8978:Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
6961:
6881:
6541:
6235:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
6132:
6100:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
6069:"When being in love was a criminal act"
6041:"25 years of gay rights in New Zealand"
5792:
5747:
5443:
5431:
5403:
5394:
5381:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
5362:
5350:
5338:
5311:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
5236:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
5217:
5135:
4926:"Vantastic explores NZ caravan history"
4903:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
4865:
4853:
4759:
4641:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
4340:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
4304:"Brian Easton: The State of the Nation"
4223:
4211:
4199:
4187:
4175:
4158:
4108:
4055:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
4032:
3800:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
3749:
3716:
2527:led to a by-election in Gill's seat of
2328:her tour of New Zealand on 7 March 1977
1726:back to power as Prime Minister of the
1393:
395:9 July 1974 – 12 December 1975
287:4 March 1967 – 8 December 1972
8905:
8048:Names without electorates are list MPs
7818:Names in bold served as Prime Minister
6993:
6984:
6826:
6661:His Way: A Biography of Robert Muldoon
6622:
6587:
6438:
6255:
6156:
5844:
5765:
5632:
5602:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5229:
4965:
4938:
4826:
4802:
4790:
4612:
4600:
4576:
4518:
4483:
4301:
4113:. New Zealand: Longacre. p. 172.
3730:"Revolution - 1, Fortress New Zealand"
3671:
3566:
3271:, referencing his favourite flower on
3070:1984 New Zealand constitutional crisis
3010:, a regional offshoot of the biennial
2829:Muldoon and Australian Prime Minister
2485:, Muldoon asked Robert Adams-Smith, a
2466:
2162:
1852:raising his profile among the public.
1804:
1348:Companion of the Queen's Service Order
1315:. Muldoon won a scholarship to attend
936:1984 New Zealand constitutional crisis
8983:Deputy prime ministers of New Zealand
7774:
7630:Deputy prime ministers of New Zealand
7602:
7317:
7022:
6862:Muldoon: A Study in Public Leadership
6804:
6563:
6512:
6066:
5911:
5875:
5771:
5620:
5374:
5299:
5297:
5256:
5254:
5252:
4923:
4747:
4371:
4359:
4104:
4102:
4005:
3919:
3870:
3638:
3461:
3300:by-election was held in February 1992
2435:(SUP), a break-away faction from the
2202:'s policy of arresting and deporting
1779:
1682:, the youth wing of the conservative
1416:
1413:
1306:at Point Chevalier, where he died of
1099:as the Member of Parliament (MP) for
7191:Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand
6856:
6549:. Wellington: AH & AW Reed Ltd.
6493:
6092:
5721:
4700:
4688:
4588:
3848:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
332:Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand
82:Robert Muldoon (fictional character)
15:
8928:Ministers of finance of New Zealand
7069:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
6568:. Palmerston North: Dunmore Press.
6039:Rothwell, Kimberley (8 July 2011).
5949:New Zealand Politics in Perspective
5774:"McLay: My plan to replace Muldoon"
5463:
5459:"House of Commons PQs", 20 May 1982
5409:"The Price Freeze Regulations 1982"
4519:Gaynor, Brian (22 September 2007).
4259:. Commonwealth Oral History Project
3930:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
3758:
3543:Electoral history of Robert Muldoon
3012:meetings of the heads of government
2531:. Muldoon's favoured candidate was
1209:Springbok rugby tour of New Zealand
1149:death of prime minister Norman Kirk
13:
8938:New Zealand National Party leaders
5575:] | Television | NZ On Screen"
5294:
5249:
5059:specified, Not (28 January 1982).
4099:
3233:in 1984; Muldoon labelled Jones a
3042:Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
2671:reached in Australia in 1983. The
2607:, signed after the boycott of the
2496:Muldoon on an incongruous trip to
2353:. He was succeeded in his seat by
1276:Browne). His father's family, the
14:
9024:
7057:
6883:The Rise and Fall of a Young Turk
6300:Cowen, Tyler (14 February 2017).
5061:"Mickey Mouse and Robert Muldoon"
4384:from the original on 1 March 2017
4372:Cowen, Tyler (14 February 2017).
4330:Langridge, Andrew (13 May 2008).
3935:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
3682:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
3639:Cowen, Tyler (14 February 2017).
3588:
3520:On 8 January 1977 when he was at
3350:, Auckland, in a plot that faces
2920:Relationship with foreign leaders
2851:1984 New Zealand general election
2705:1981 New Zealand general election
2625:team meant supporting Communism.
2574:
2550:
2367:1978 New Zealand general election
2187:
1910:The Rise and Fall of a Young Turk
1268:Robert David Muldoon was born in
7759:
7585:
7584:
6989:. Auckland: TVNZ and Scholastic.
6458:
6432:
6421:
6410:
6399:
6370:
6344:
6316:
6293:
6267:
6249:
6221:
6196:
6162:
6086:
6060:
6001:
5976:
5954:
5938:
5917:
5869:
5845:Barber, David (9 January 1984).
5838:
5818:
5798:
5772:Young, Audrey (28 August 2012).
5653:
5626:
5136:Muldoon, Robert (28 July 1981).
4760:Hensley, Gerald (14 July 2023).
3973:, p. 225. Irish Academic Press,
3524:Beach for the re-opening of the
3332:
3318:
3198:in 1985. The Bill passed as the
3183:", named after Finance Minister
2936:, and Australian Prime Minister
2765:
2698:
2515:1980 East Coast Bays by-election
2360:
2125:was then invoked in the case of
2092:Robert Muldoon and US President
1026:
969:
783:
679:
20:
7112:Member of Parliament for Tamaki
6486:
6439:Forbes, Michael (15 May 2012).
6378:"Fallout | Series | Television"
6323:MacQueen, Ken (31 March 1986).
6093:Cook, Megan (8 November 2018).
5596:
5563:
5500:
5452:
5437:
5368:
5223:
5185:
5160:
5052:
5026:
4993:
4971:
4917:
4886:
4753:
4706:
4561:
4500:
4477:
4459:
4437:
4365:
4323:
4295:
4271:
4244:
4127:
4084:
4069:
4038:
3980:
3960:
3948:
3842:
3814:
3567:Walker, Simon (5 August 1992).
2250:
2128:Fitzgerald v Muldoon and Others
1357:
639:
8948:Prime ministers of New Zealand
8933:New Zealand National Party MPs
7064:Robert David Muldoon biography
6067:Smith, Geoff (13 April 2018).
4924:Lewis, Geoff (4 August 2014).
4730:"Interview with Colin Moyle".
4302:Easton, Brian (12 July 2005).
4257:"Interview with Simon Murdoch"
3722:
3672:McLean, Gavin (15 June 2015).
3569:"Obituary: Sir Robert Muldoon"
3560:
3470:Street graffiti of Muldoon in
3078:, then Deputy Governor of the
2457:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
2437:Communist Party of New Zealand
2411:Communism and the Soviet Union
874:Dancing Cossacks advertisement
1:
8043:Current members of parliament
7237:Prime Minister of New Zealand
6930:. Auckland: Endeavour Press,
6864:. Wellington: Pacific Press.
6697:: University of Otago Press.
6564:Clark, Margaret, ed. (2004).
5984:"Muldoon, (Sir) Robert David"
5852:The Christian Science Monitor
5375:James, Colin (13 July 2012).
5008:, p. 120, archived from
4734:. 25 August 1990. p. 25.
3548:
3140:
1987:Premiership of Robert Muldoon
1722:, an electoral swing brought
1131:and take his place, becoming
1084:, aggressive, and abrasive.
1058:prime minister of New Zealand
882:Prime Minister of New Zealand
133:Prime Minister of New Zealand
7296:Leader of the National Party
6009:"Dame Thea Muldoon has died"
4628:National Party advertisement
4445:"The Constitutional Setting"
4148:– via Online Cenotaph.
4139:Auckland War Memorial Museum
3553:
3339:The plaque on the gravestone
3302:, and was won by National's
2628:
2351:Pahiatua by-election of 1977
2158:, Wellington, September 1976
1207:pact. His refusal to stop a
837:Leader of the National Party
7:
8993:New Zealand anti-communists
6768:Canterbury University Press
6325:"A ringing slap at success"
6230:"Gangs - Gangs and society"
4678:. TVNZ, Isola Publications.
4279:"Questions for Oral Answer"
3536:
3080:Reserve Bank of New Zealand
3004:Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing
2990:Minister of Foreign Affairs
2869:a snap election for 14 July
2686:Concerned about the use of
2541:Reserve Bank of New Zealand
2539:, a future Governor of the
2509:East Coast Bays by-election
2459:in 1979 and boycotting the
2397:
2170:European Economic Community
1938:shortly afterwards. In the
1372:Divisional Cavalry Regiment
1364:New Zealand Military Forces
1317:Mount Albert Grammar School
1060:, from 1975 to 1984, while
737:Divisional Cavalry Regiment
705:New Zealand Military Forces
47:conditions to do so are met
10:
9029:
8998:Burials at Purewa Cemetery
7803:New Zealand National Party
7075:Think Big policy decisions
6948:. Auckland: Reed Methuen,
3674:"Robert Muldoon Biography"
3530:Auckland Rescue Helicopter
3526:Piha Surf Life Saving Club
3370:Charicature of Muldoon in
3238:New Zealand production of
3196:Homosexual Law Reform Bill
3177:landslide election of 1990
3112:
3067:
2949:New Zealand National Party
2945:Liberal Party of Australia
2848:
2702:
2632:
2578:
2512:
2483:Harvey and Jeannette Crewe
2470:
2404:indirect consumer taxation
2402:Muldoon initially opposed
2389:Cabinet photograph during
2364:
2267:was illegal in New Zealand
2254:
2225:negative racial sentiments
2191:
2021:New Zealand National Party
1961:
1958:Prime Minister (1975–1984)
1766:Second National Government
1728:Second National Government
1684:New Zealand National Party
1183:, which racially targeted
1105:Second National Government
79:
8943:Politicians from Auckland
8858:
8767:
8681:
8634:
8086:
8055:
8040:
7943:
7810:
7757:
7636:
7582:
7356:
7302:
7293:
7285:
7280:
7270:
7261:
7253:
7243:
7234:
7226:
7216:
7207:
7197:
7188:
7180:
7170:
7162:
7152:
7141:
7133:
7128:
7118:
7109:
7101:
7094:
7080:15 September 2014 at the
7029:Random House, New Zealand
7006:Victoria University Press
6669:Auckland University Press
6599:Auckland University Press
6516:Burdon: a man of our time
4484:Palmer, Geoffrey (1976).
4449:State Services Commission
3200:Homosexual Law Reform Act
3117:Muldoon was appointed an
2980:(CER), the most sweeping
2978:Closer Economic Relations
2839:Closer Economic Relations
2821:Closer Economic Relations
2647:(agricultural centre) in
2519:Muldoon's appointment of
2429:apartheid in South Africa
2184:inflation remained high.
2076:
2056:
2044:
2026:
2016:
2006:
1996:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1887:, led by the charismatic
1664:
1641:
1618:
1595:
1572:
1549:
1526:
1503:
1480:
1457:
1432:
1410:
1407:
1191:; he personally favoured
1107:to serve successively as
931:Closer Economic Relations
889:Third National Government
770:
742:
728:
718:
710:
700:
692:
687:
675:
667:
657:
649:
624:
614:
603:
589:
565:
560:
556:
544:
532:
515:
500:
488:
478:
468:
456:
445:
435:
425:
415:
399:
388:
380:
368:
358:
348:
337:
329:
319:
307:
291:
280:
268:
256:
246:
235:
227:
215:
203:
177:
159:
149:
138:
130:
126:
114:
91:
7281:Party political offices
7264:Leader of the Opposition
7210:Leader of the Opposition
6962:Russell, Marcia (1996).
6632:University of Canterbury
5168:"Battle lines are drawn"
3309:
3259:(as Arnos Grove) and in
3256:Terry and the Gunrunners
3165:Fourth Labour Government
2965:New Zealand Labour Party
2861:nuclear-free New Zealand
2806:British House of Commons
2661:second oil shock of 1979
2194:Dawn raids (New Zealand)
1906:Leader of the Opposition
1899:Leader of the Opposition
1334:In 1951 Muldoon married
1304:Auckland Mental Hospital
1133:Leader of the Opposition
1009:Sir Robert David Muldoon
911:Bastion Point Occupation
857:Leader of the Opposition
849:1984 leadership election
844:1974 leadership election
792:This article is part of
755:Solomon Islands campaign
383:Leader of the Opposition
160:Governors‑General
8958:New Zealand accountants
8886:United–Reform Coalition
7023:Wolfe, Richard (2005).
6740:Johansson, Jon (2005).
4490:New Zealand Law Journal
4109:McPhail, David (2010).
4094:(supplement), No. 50362
4079:(supplement), No. 53154
3971:The Surnames of Ireland
3925:"Muldoon, Robert David"
3362:Public image and legacy
3306:on a reduced majority.
3269:Lilies and Other Things
3211:Fifth Labour Government
3016:Commonwealth of Nations
1944:national superannuation
1844:appointed Muldoon over
1308:parenchymatous syphilis
7096:New Zealand Parliament
6840:Otago University Press
6547:The Years of Lightning
6513:Bohan, Edmund (2004).
6256:Shroff, Marie (2005).
6178:University of Auckland
5885:The New Zealand Herald
5779:The New Zealand Herald
5603:Shroff, Marie (2005).
5485:The New Zealand Herald
5230:Franks, Peter (2000).
4928:. Fairfax New Zealand.
4526:The New Zealand Herald
4507:Fitzergerald v Muldoon
4135:"Robert David Muldoon"
3977:, 1985 (2001 reprint).
3474:
3378:
2957:Australian Labor Party
2932:, Philippine dictator
2834:
2802:
2728:
2652:
2505:
2394:
2381:Second term: 1978–1981
2310:
2159:
2097:
1931:
1837:
1814:
1401:New Zealand Parliament
1331:
1195:, and he and his wife
1091:. After a career as a
504:New Zealand Parliament
8322:Taranaki-King Country
6994:Wilson, A.C. (2004).
6985:Parker, John (2005).
5945:The New Zealand Party
5633:Malone, Ryan (2008).
3469:
3395:. However, after the
3369:
3241:The Rocky Horror Show
3131:1984 New Year Honours
3087:constitutional crisis
2986:Pacific Islands Forum
2928:, American President
2828:
2797:
2726:
2719:Third term: 1981–1984
2642:
2495:
2433:Socialist Unity Party
2388:
2347:1978 general election
2300:
2192:Further information:
2153:
2091:
2084:First term: 1975–1978
1925:
1873:Deputy Prime Minister
1867:Deputy Prime Minister
1831:
1819:1966 general election
1812:
1786:1963 general election
1352:1986 New Year Honours
1344:1993 New Year Honours
1329:
1321:Fletcher Construction
1264:Early life and family
1241:constitutional crisis
1177:previous government's
1153:1975 general election
1121:1972 general election
1117:Deputy Prime Minister
1097:1960 general election
1076:, with a distinctive
711:Years of service
599:Auckland, New Zealand
8768:Leadership elections
8635:National governments
8440:Kaipara ki Mahurangi
6916:. Wellington: Reed,
6902:. Wellington: Reed,
5512:www.nzhistory.net.nz
5232:"Knox, Walter James"
5144:. UK. Archived from
4714:"The "Moyle Affair""
4291:on 10 February 2013.
3325:Muldoon's gravestone
3052:and the New Zealand
3024:to legalise abortion
2982:free trade agreement
2837:Muldoon initiated a
2673:Federation of Labour
2601:Gleneagles Agreement
2461:1980 Summer Olympics
2319:Queen of New Zealand
1952:Citizens for Rowling
1878:Marshall fought the
1760:for murder from the
1733:Muldoon, along with
1394:Member of Parliament
1074:economic nationalist
901:Fitzgerald v Muldoon
570:Robert David Muldoon
94:The Right Honourable
7144:Minister of Finance
6764:Memories of Muldoon
6159:, pp. 239–253.
4968:, pp. 106–129.
4703:, pp. 234–236.
4691:, pp. 230–233.
4591:, pp. 227–230.
4473:on 4 February 2010.
4455:on 16 October 2008.
4425:on 15 December 2014
3617:on 17 February 2017
3491:American President
3171:reforms, known as "
3020:reproductive rights
2473:Arthur Allan Thomas
2467:Arthur Allan Thomas
2245:South Pacific Forum
2163:Economic challenges
2123:Bill of Rights 1689
1823:Minister of Tourism
1805:Minister of Finance
1790:Minister of Finance
1404:
1362:Muldoon joined the
1292:who emigrated from
1233:first-past-the-post
1113:Minister of Finance
1109:Minister of Tourism
1070:right-wing populist
921:1981 Springbok Tour
661:James Henry Muldoon
230:Minister of Finance
34:of this article is
7986:Sir George Chapman
7129:Political offices
6968:Hodder Moa Beckett
6796:has generic name (
6590:The Nationbuilders
6382:www.nzonscreen.com
6358:. 15 December 2007
6356:The Globe and Mail
6017:. 25 February 2015
5947:by Peter Aimer in
5879:(22 August 2018).
5831:The London Gazette
5811:The London Gazette
5762:, p. 388–389.
5700:. 14 February 2017
5667:. 26 August 1974.
5665:The New York Times
5579:www.nzonscreen.com
4509:2 NLZR 615 at 622.
3849:Campbell, Gordon.
3475:
3462:In popular culture
3409:, the 26-year-old
3393:crimes at the time
3379:
3261:The Friday Frights
3231:splitting the vote
3046:Minister for Trade
2835:
2729:
2657:Iranian Revolution
2653:
2506:
2395:
2391:Queen Elizabeth II
2311:
2303:Sir Keith Holyoake
2240:New Zealand Police
2160:
2098:
1932:
1838:
1815:
1780:Entry into Cabinet
1758:capital punishment
1714:, winning against
1398:
1332:
1284:) family, were of
1249:Sir Keith Holyoake
1245:New Zealand dollar
1237:1984 snap election
1216:against Labour MP
1169:Muldoon Government
98:Sir Robert Muldoon
8900:
8899:
8630:
8629:
8464:West Coast-Tasman
8063:Christopher Luxon
7971:Sir Alex McKenzie
7954:Sir George Wilson
7933:Christopher Luxon
7768:
7767:
7596:
7595:
7312:
7311:
7303:Succeeded by
7271:Succeeded by
7244:Succeeded by
7217:Succeeded by
7198:Succeeded by
7171:Succeeded by
7153:Succeeded by
7119:Succeeded by
6830:(November 2006).
6566:Muldoon Revisited
6526:978-1-877270-90-1
6505:978-1-877385-72-8
6498:. Te Papa Press.
5172:nzhistory.govt.nz
4941:, pp. 85–87.
4896:(11 March 2010).
4120:978-1-87746-057-9
4020:, pp. 20–21.
3967:Edward MacLysaght
3830:. 31 January 2009
3488:during the 1980s.
3456:Silvio Berlusconi
3411:Baby of the House
3398:New Zealand Truth
3356:Dame Thea Muldoon
3296:Margaret Thatcher
3223:New Zealand Party
3054:High Commissioner
2926:Margaret Thatcher
2886:New Zealand Party
2810:Margaret Thatcher
2741:New Zealand Party
2609:Montreal Olympics
2339:Lyttelton Harbour
2156:Margaret Thatcher
2081:
2080:
1676:
1675:
1137:social liberalism
1115:(1967–1972), and
1006:
1005:
943:General elections
829:Electoral history
809:
808:
774:
773:
663:Amie Rusha Browne
607:Purewa Cemetery,
580:25 September 1921
75:
74:
67:
9020:
8859:Related articles
8623:
8611:
8599:
8587:
8579:Tim van de Molen
8575:
8563:
8551:
8539:
8527:
8515:
8503:
8491:
8479:
8467:
8455:
8443:
8431:
8419:
8407:
8395:
8383:
8371:
8359:
8347:
8325:
8313:
8305:Dana Kirkpatrick
8301:
8289:
8272:
8260:
8248:
8236:
8224:
8212:
8200:
8188:
8171:
8159:
8147:
8135:
8123:
8111:
8099:
8071:
8053:
8052:
8049:
8044:
8027:Peter Goodfellow
7976:Jack Meadowcroft
7947:
7946:Party presidents
7819:
7814:
7804:
7795:
7788:
7781:
7772:
7771:
7763:
7623:
7616:
7609:
7600:
7599:
7588:
7587:
7338:
7331:
7324:
7315:
7314:
7286:Preceded by
7254:Preceded by
7227:Preceded by
7181:Preceded by
7163:Preceded by
7134:Preceded by
7102:Preceded by
7092:
7091:
7051:
7050:The Real Muldoon
7042:
7019:
6990:
6981:
6947:
6929:
6915:
6901:
6896:
6875:
6853:
6823:
6801:
6795:
6791:
6789:
6781:
6766:. Christchurch:
6755:
6734:
6713:Gustafson, Barry
6708:
6687:Gustafson, Barry
6682:
6657:Gustafson, Barry
6651:Gustafson, Barry
6645:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6579:
6560:
6538:
6519:. Hazard Press.
6509:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6470:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6436:
6430:
6425:
6419:
6414:
6408:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6200:
6194:
6188:
6182:
6181:
6166:
6160:
6154:
6148:
6142:
6136:
6130:
6124:
6118:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6090:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6036:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5980:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5859:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5802:
5796:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5769:
5763:
5757:
5751:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5719:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5549:"Robert Muldoon"
5545:
5536:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5476:
5461:
5456:
5450:
5449:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5413:
5401:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5372:
5366:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5301:
5292:
5286:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5258:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5133:
5127:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5091:
5085:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5014:
5007:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4942:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4869:
4863:
4857:
4851:
4845:
4839:
4830:
4824:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4772:on 15 March 2024
4768:. Archived from
4757:
4751:
4745:
4736:
4735:
4732:The Evening Post
4727:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4664:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4634:
4622:
4616:
4615:, p. 64-65.
4610:
4604:
4603:, p. 28–29.
4598:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4451:. Archived from
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4421:. Archived from
4411:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4283:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4106:
4097:
4088:
4082:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4046:Gustafson, Barry
4042:
4036:
4030:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3921:Gustafson, Barry
3917:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3791:Gustafson, Barry
3787:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3669:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3636:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3613:. Archived from
3601:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3564:
3405:his youngest MP
3336:
3322:
3179:in the form of "
3014:from across the
2993:Alexander Downer
2934:Ferdinand Marcos
2816:
2688:foreign exchange
2279:1977 by-election
2204:Pacific Islander
2118:Governor-General
2047:
1990:
1988:
1975:
1968:
1967:
1798:decimal currency
1735:Duncan MacIntyre
1680:Junior Nationals
1405:
1402:
1397:
1376:Duncan MacIntyre
1336:Thea Dale Flyger
1260:at his funeral.
1179:policies of the
1089:Second World War
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1023:
998:
991:
984:
973:
864:Shadow Cabinet I
805:
804:
802:
795:
787:
780:
779:
776:
775:
760:Italian campaign
688:Military service
683:
643:
641:
596:
579:
577:
561:Personal details
547:
535:
527:31 December 1991
523:26 November 1960
520:
506:
491:
481:
459:
450:
438:
428:
402:
393:
371:
361:
351:
342:
322:
310:
294:
285:
271:
259:
249:
240:
218:
206:
194:
190:Duncan MacIntyre
143:
119:
109:
89:
88:
70:
63:
59:
56:
50:
24:
23:
16:
9028:
9027:
9023:
9022:
9021:
9019:
9018:
9017:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8896:
8854:
8763:
8682:Shadow cabinets
8677:
8626:
8620:Banks Peninsula
8617:
8615:Vanessa Weenink
8605:
8593:
8581:
8569:
8557:
8548:East Coast Bays
8545:
8533:
8521:
8509:
8497:
8485:
8473:
8461:
8449:
8437:
8425:
8413:
8401:
8389:
8377:
8365:
8353:
8341:
8319:
8317:Barbara Kuriger
8307:
8295:
8283:
8266:
8254:
8242:
8230:
8218:
8206:
8194:
8192:Hamish Campbell
8182:
8165:
8153:
8141:
8129:
8117:
8105:
8093:
8082:
8065:
8047:
8046:
8042:
8036:
7966:Sir Wilfrid Sim
7945:
7939:
7817:
7816:
7812:
7806:
7802:
7799:
7769:
7764:
7755:
7632:
7627:
7597:
7592:
7578:
7352:
7342:
7308:
7299:
7291:
7276:
7267:
7259:
7249:
7240:
7232:
7222:
7213:
7203:
7194:
7186:
7176:
7168:
7158:
7149:
7147:
7139:
7124:
7115:
7107:
7082:Wayback Machine
7060:
7055:
7049:
7039:
7016:
6978:
6941:
6927:
6913:
6899:
6893:
6878:Muldoon, R. D.
6872:
6850:
6820:
6793:
6792:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6752:
6731:
6705:
6679:
6642:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6576:
6557:
6527:
6506:
6489:
6484:
6483:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6449:
6447:
6437:
6433:
6426:
6422:
6415:
6411:
6404:
6400:
6390:
6388:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6361:
6359:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6335:
6333:
6321:
6317:
6307:
6305:
6298:
6294:
6284:
6282:
6281:. 12 March 2017
6273:
6272:
6268:
6260:
6254:
6250:
6240:
6238:
6226:
6222:
6212:
6210:
6202:
6201:
6197:
6189:
6185:
6167:
6163:
6155:
6151:
6143:
6139:
6131:
6127:
6119:
6115:
6105:
6103:
6091:
6087:
6077:
6075:
6065:
6061:
6051:
6049:
6037:
6030:
6020:
6018:
6007:
6006:
6002:
5992:
5990:
5988:Purewa Cemetery
5982:
5981:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5959:
5955:
5943:
5939:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5910:
5899:
5889:
5887:
5874:
5870:
5857:
5855:
5843:
5839:
5823:
5819:
5803:
5799:
5791:
5787:
5770:
5766:
5758:
5754:
5746:
5742:
5732:
5730:
5720:
5713:
5703:
5701:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5647:
5631:
5627:
5619:
5615:
5607:
5601:
5597:
5587:
5585:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5554:
5552:
5547:
5546:
5539:
5531:
5527:
5517:
5515:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5491:
5489:
5488:. 26 March 2003
5478:
5477:
5464:
5457:
5453:
5442:
5438:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5402:
5395:
5385:
5383:
5373:
5369:
5361:
5357:
5349:
5345:
5337:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5302:
5295:
5287:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5260:
5259:
5250:
5240:
5238:
5228:
5224:
5216:
5212:
5202:
5200:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5176:
5174:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5151:
5149:
5134:
5130:
5122:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5098:
5094:
5086:
5079:
5069:
5067:
5057:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5031:
5027:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4984:
4982:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4964:
4960:
4952:
4945:
4937:
4933:
4922:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4894:Goldsmith, Paul
4891:
4887:
4879:
4872:
4864:
4860:
4852:
4848:
4840:
4833:
4825:
4821:
4813:
4809:
4801:
4797:
4789:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4766:Kahu Despatches
4758:
4754:
4746:
4739:
4729:
4728:
4721:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4699:
4695:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4666:
4665:
4656:
4646:
4644:
4643:. 1975. P192891
4632:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4607:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4583:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4554:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4517:
4513:
4505:
4501:
4482:
4478:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4413:
4412:
4397:
4387:
4385:
4370:
4366:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4328:
4324:
4314:
4312:
4300:
4296:
4288:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4255:(22 May 2015).
4249:
4245:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4198:
4194:
4186:
4182:
4174:
4165:
4157:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4121:
4107:
4100:
4089:
4085:
4074:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4024:
4016:
4012:
4004:
3991:
3985:
3981:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3918:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3847:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3788:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3759:Roberts, Neil.
3757:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3715:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3670:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3637:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3603:
3602:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3574:The Independent
3565:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3539:
3515:State Highway 2
3502:In 1995, actor
3464:
3364:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3312:
3219:
3207:Barry Gustafson
3194:introduced the
3185:Ruth Richardson
3143:
3115:
3103:Ruth Richardson
3072:
3066:
2922:
2906:Ruth Richardson
2865:cross the floor
2853:
2847:
2823:
2814:
2768:
2753:
2727:Muldoon in 1981
2721:
2707:
2701:
2659:had led to the
2651:, November 1980
2637:
2631:
2589:, the national
2583:
2577:
2553:
2529:East Coast Bays
2517:
2511:
2475:
2469:
2413:
2400:
2383:
2369:
2363:
2295:
2277:The subsequent
2259:
2253:
2196:
2190:
2174:1973 oil crisis
2165:
2114:
2086:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2045:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1966:
1960:
1901:
1869:
1836:MP and A J Shaw
1807:
1782:
1743:common nickname
1400:
1396:
1388:cost accountant
1360:
1266:
1251:) to receive a
1093:cost accountant
1029:
1025:
1011:
1002:
968:
940:
878:
853:
833:
800:
798:
797:
796:
793:
791:
766:
735:
662:
645:
642: 1951)
637:
633:
615:Political party
598:
594:
581:
575:
573:
572:
571:
545:
533:
521:
516:
507:
502:
489:
479:
457:
451:
446:
436:
426:
408:
400:
394:
389:
369:
359:
349:
343:
338:
320:
308:
300:
292:
286:
281:
269:
257:
247:
241:
236:
216:
204:
195:
192:
188:
187:
170:
166:
144:
139:
122:
121:Muldoon in 1978
110:
101:
99:
96:
85:
78:
71:
60:
54:
51:
40:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
9026:
9016:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8898:
8897:
8895:
8894:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8862:
8860:
8856:
8855:
8853:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8771:
8769:
8765:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8685:
8683:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8675:
8674:(2023–present)
8669:
8663:
8657:
8651:
8645:
8638:
8636:
8632:
8631:
8628:
8627:
8625:
8624:
8612:
8603:Catherine Wedd
8600:
8588:
8576:
8564:
8552:
8543:Erica Stanford
8540:
8528:
8516:
8507:Penny Simmonds
8504:
8495:Tom Rutherford
8492:
8480:
8468:
8456:
8444:
8432:
8420:
8408:
8396:
8384:
8372:
8360:
8348:
8339:Grant McCallum
8336:
8331:
8326:
8314:
8302:
8290:
8278:
8276:Paul Goldsmith
8273:
8261:
8249:
8237:
8225:
8216:Judith Collins
8213:
8201:
8189:
8180:Mike Butterick
8177:
8175:Gerry Brownlee
8172:
8160:
8151:Cameron Brewer
8148:
8136:
8124:
8112:
8100:
8091:Miles Anderson
8087:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8075:
8072:
8060:
8056:
8050:
8038:
8037:
8035:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8021:
8016:
8013:
8011:Geoff Thompson
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7960:
7955:
7951:
7949:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7937:
7936:(2021–present)
7929:
7926:Judith Collins
7923:
7917:
7911:
7903:
7895:
7889:
7883:
7875:
7867:
7861:
7857:Robert Muldoon
7853:
7845:
7841:Keith Holyoake
7837:
7833:Sidney Holland
7829:
7822:
7820:
7808:
7807:
7798:
7797:
7790:
7783:
7775:
7766:
7765:
7758:
7756:
7754:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7626:
7625:
7618:
7611:
7603:
7594:
7593:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7341:
7340:
7333:
7326:
7318:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7301:
7292:
7287:
7283:
7282:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7269:
7260:
7255:
7251:
7250:
7245:
7242:
7233:
7228:
7224:
7223:
7218:
7215:
7205:
7204:
7199:
7196:
7187:
7182:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7169:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7154:
7151:
7140:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7126:
7125:
7120:
7117:
7108:
7103:
7099:
7098:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7072:
7059:
7058:External links
7056:
7054:
7053:
7043:
7037:
7020:
7014:
6991:
6982:
6976:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6939:
6925:
6911:
6897:
6892:978-0589008734
6891:
6876:
6870:
6854:
6848:
6824:
6818:
6802:
6776:
6756:
6750:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6729:
6709:
6703:
6683:
6677:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6640:
6620:
6607:
6580:
6574:
6561:
6555:
6543:George Chapman
6539:
6525:
6510:
6504:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6457:
6431:
6420:
6409:
6398:
6369:
6343:
6315:
6292:
6266:
6248:
6220:
6195:
6193:, p. 426.
6191:Gustafson 2000
6183:
6170:Hugh Templeton
6161:
6149:
6145:Gustafson 2000
6137:
6125:
6123:, p. 196.
6121:Gustafson 2000
6113:
6085:
6059:
6028:
6000:
5975:
5971:Bob Jones 1997
5963:
5953:
5937:
5916:
5914:, p. 209.
5897:
5868:
5837:
5817:
5797:
5785:
5764:
5760:Gustafson 2000
5752:
5740:
5711:
5685:
5652:
5646:978-1877347207
5645:
5625:
5613:
5595:
5562:
5537:
5535:, p. 375.
5533:Gustafson 2000
5525:
5499:
5462:
5451:
5436:
5424:
5407:(April 1982).
5405:Beattie, David
5393:
5367:
5355:
5343:
5324:
5293:
5289:Johansson 2005
5278:
5248:
5222:
5210:
5199:. 30 July 2021
5184:
5159:
5148:on 20 May 2009
5128:
5126:, p. 206.
5124:Gustafson 1986
5116:
5114:, p. 204.
5112:Gustafson 1986
5104:
5102:, p. 138.
5100:Gustafson 1986
5092:
5090:, p. 137.
5088:Gustafson 1986
5077:
5051:
5025:
5015:on 9 June 2011
4992:
4970:
4958:
4954:Gustafson 2004
4943:
4931:
4916:
4885:
4883:, p. 271.
4881:Gustafson 2000
4870:
4868:, p. 182.
4858:
4856:, p. 165.
4846:
4844:, p. 259.
4842:Gustafson 2000
4831:
4829:, p. 300.
4819:
4817:, p. 208.
4815:Gustafson 2000
4807:
4805:, p. 299.
4795:
4793:, p. 298.
4783:
4752:
4737:
4719:
4705:
4693:
4681:
4654:
4617:
4605:
4593:
4581:
4569:
4560:
4556:Johansson 2005
4539:
4511:
4499:
4476:
4458:
4436:
4395:
4378:Bloomberg News
4364:
4362:, p. 207.
4352:
4322:
4294:
4270:
4253:Murdoch, Simon
4243:
4239:Gustafson 2000
4228:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4163:
4151:
4126:
4119:
4098:
4092:London Gazette
4083:
4077:London Gazette
4068:
4037:
4022:
4018:Gustafson 2000
4010:
4008:, p. 206.
3989:
3979:
3959:
3947:
3869:
3841:
3813:
3779:
3748:
3721:
3706:
3702:Gustafson 2000
3694:
3659:
3628:
3587:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3518:
3511:
3500:
3497:Brian Mulroney
3489:
3463:
3460:
3452:Tucker Carlson
3429:criminal gangs
3422:Hugh Templeton
3407:Marilyn Waring
3363:
3360:
3338:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3267:show entitled
3265:talkback radio
3218:
3215:
3142:
3139:
3135:Keith Holyoake
3114:
3111:
3076:Roderick Deane
3068:Main article:
3065:
3062:
3058:Laurie Francis
3056:to Australia,
3033:The Australian
3000:saved his life
2938:Malcolm Fraser
2921:
2918:
2884:caused by the
2882:vote splitting
2857:Marilyn Waring
2849:Main article:
2846:
2843:
2831:Malcolm Fraser
2822:
2819:
2767:
2764:
2757:incomes policy
2752:
2749:
2720:
2717:
2703:Main article:
2700:
2697:
2693:dual-fuel cars
2633:Main article:
2630:
2627:
2579:Main article:
2576:
2575:Springbok Tour
2573:
2552:
2551:Colonels' Coup
2549:
2513:Main article:
2510:
2507:
2471:Main article:
2468:
2465:
2439:, as a Soviet
2412:
2409:
2399:
2396:
2382:
2379:
2374:George Chapman
2365:Main article:
2362:
2359:
2323:Denis Blundell
2294:
2291:
2272:Gerald Hensley
2255:Main article:
2252:
2249:
2189:
2188:The Dawn Raids
2186:
2164:
2161:
2113:
2110:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:Denis Blundell
2048:
2042:
2041:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1962:Main article:
1959:
1956:
1900:
1897:
1895:for National.
1868:
1865:
1842:Keith Holyoake
1834:Allan McCready
1806:
1803:
1781:
1778:
1724:Keith Holyoake
1690:incumbents in
1674:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1395:
1392:
1368:37th Battalion
1359:
1356:
1265:
1262:
1214:smear campaign
1189:criminal gangs
1145:superannuation
1078:public persona
1066:National Party
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
993:
986:
978:
975:
974:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
892:
891:
877:
876:
871:
866:
852:
851:
846:
832:
831:
826:
820:
819:
811:
810:
807:
806:
801:Robert Muldoon
794:a series about
790:
788:
772:
771:
768:
767:
765:
764:
763:
762:
757:
746:
744:
740:
739:
733:37th Battalion
730:
726:
725:
720:
716:
715:
712:
708:
707:
702:
701:Branch/service
698:
697:
694:
690:
689:
685:
684:
677:
673:
672:
669:
665:
664:
659:
655:
654:
651:
647:
646:
635:
629:
628:
626:
622:
621:
616:
612:
611:
605:
601:
600:
597:(aged 70)
591:
587:
586:
569:
567:
563:
562:
558:
557:
554:
553:
548:
542:
541:
536:
530:
529:
513:
512:
501:Member of the
498:
497:
492:
486:
485:
482:
476:
475:
470:
466:
465:
460:
458:Prime Minister
454:
453:
443:
442:
439:
433:
432:
429:
423:
422:
417:
413:
412:
403:
401:Prime Minister
397:
396:
386:
385:
378:
377:
372:
366:
365:
362:
356:
355:
352:
350:Prime Minister
346:
345:
335:
334:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
311:
305:
304:
298:Keith Holyoake
295:
293:Prime Minister
289:
288:
278:
277:
272:
266:
265:
260:
254:
253:
250:
248:Prime Minister
244:
243:
233:
232:
225:
224:
219:
213:
212:
207:
201:
200:
181:
175:
174:
168:Keith Holyoake
164:Denis Blundell
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
136:
135:
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
112:
111:
100:
97:
92:
76:
73:
72:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9025:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8876:Liberal Party
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8857:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8772:
8770:
8766:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8680:
8673:
8670:
8667:
8664:
8661:
8658:
8655:
8652:
8649:
8646:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8633:
8621:
8616:
8613:
8609:
8604:
8601:
8597:
8592:
8589:
8585:
8580:
8577:
8573:
8568:
8567:Louise Upston
8565:
8561:
8556:
8555:Sam Uffindell
8553:
8549:
8544:
8541:
8537:
8532:
8529:
8525:
8520:
8519:Scott Simpson
8517:
8513:
8508:
8505:
8501:
8500:Bay of Plenty
8496:
8493:
8489:
8484:
8481:
8477:
8472:
8471:Suze Redmayne
8469:
8465:
8460:
8457:
8453:
8452:Hamilton West
8448:
8445:
8441:
8436:
8433:
8429:
8424:
8421:
8417:
8412:
8409:
8405:
8400:
8399:Joseph Mooney
8397:
8393:
8388:
8387:Mark Mitchell
8385:
8381:
8376:
8373:
8369:
8364:
8363:David MacLeod
8361:
8357:
8352:
8349:
8345:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8323:
8318:
8315:
8311:
8306:
8303:
8299:
8298:Hamilton East
8294:
8293:Ryan Hamilton
8291:
8287:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8270:
8265:
8262:
8258:
8253:
8250:
8246:
8241:
8238:
8234:
8229:
8226:
8222:
8217:
8214:
8210:
8209:Mount Roskill
8205:
8204:Carlos Cheung
8202:
8198:
8193:
8190:
8186:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8169:
8164:
8161:
8157:
8156:Upper Harbour
8152:
8149:
8145:
8140:
8137:
8133:
8128:
8125:
8121:
8116:
8113:
8109:
8104:
8101:
8097:
8092:
8089:
8088:
8085:
8079:
8078:Nicola Willis
8076:
8074:Deputy leader
8073:
8069:
8064:
8061:
8058:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8045:
8039:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8019:Michelle Boag
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8006:Lindsay Tisch
8004:
8002:
8001:John Collinge
7999:
7997:
7996:Neville Young
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7958:Claude Weston
7956:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7942:
7935:
7934:
7930:
7927:
7924:
7921:
7918:
7915:
7914:Simon Bridges
7912:
7909:
7908:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7879:Jenny Shipley
7876:
7873:
7872:
7868:
7865:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7854:
7851:
7850:
7849:Jack Marshall
7846:
7843:
7842:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7830:
7827:
7826:Adam Hamilton
7824:
7823:
7821:
7815:
7813:Party leaders
7809:
7805:
7796:
7791:
7789:
7784:
7782:
7777:
7776:
7773:
7762:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7638:
7635:
7631:
7624:
7619:
7617:
7612:
7610:
7605:
7604:
7601:
7591:
7581:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7355:
7350:
7346:
7339:
7334:
7332:
7327:
7325:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7307:
7298:
7297:
7290:
7289:Jack Marshall
7284:
7279:
7275:
7266:
7265:
7258:
7252:
7248:
7239:
7238:
7231:
7225:
7221:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7202:
7193:
7192:
7185:
7184:Jack Marshall
7179:
7175:
7174:Roger Douglas
7167:
7161:
7157:
7146:
7145:
7138:
7132:
7127:
7123:
7114:
7113:
7106:
7100:
7097:
7093:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7047:
7044:
7040:
7038:1-86941-715-1
7034:
7030:
7026:
7021:
7017:
7015:0-86473-476-X
7011:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6992:
6988:
6983:
6979:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6954:0-474-00220-9
6951:
6945:
6940:
6937:
6936:0-86481-105-5
6933:
6926:
6923:
6922:0-589-01385-8
6919:
6912:
6909:
6908:0-589-01087-5
6905:
6898:
6894:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6871:0-9583418-7-7
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6849:1-877372-25-0
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6819:0-670-04556-X
6815:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6794:|author=
6787:
6779:
6777:0-908812-69-8
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6751:1-877399-01-9
6747:
6743:
6738:
6732:
6730:0-474-00177-6
6726:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6704:1-877276-90-1
6700:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6678:1-86940-236-7
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6649:
6643:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6610:
6608:1-86940-260-X
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6583:Easton, Brian
6581:
6577:
6571:
6567:
6562:
6558:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6522:
6518:
6517:
6511:
6507:
6501:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6467:
6461:
6446:
6445:Dominion Post
6442:
6435:
6429:
6424:
6418:
6413:
6407:
6402:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6373:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6319:
6303:
6296:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6259:
6252:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6224:
6209:
6205:
6199:
6192:
6187:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6165:
6158:
6153:
6146:
6141:
6135:, p. 22.
6134:
6129:
6122:
6117:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6089:
6074:
6070:
6063:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6035:
6033:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6004:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5972:
5967:
5957:
5950:
5946:
5941:
5926:
5920:
5913:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5872:
5865:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5841:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5821:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5801:
5795:, p. 71.
5794:
5789:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5768:
5761:
5756:
5750:, p. 69.
5749:
5744:
5729:
5725:
5722:NZPA (2009).
5718:
5716:
5699:
5695:
5689:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5648:
5642:
5638:
5637:
5629:
5623:, p. 95.
5622:
5617:
5606:
5599:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5574:
5566:
5550:
5544:
5542:
5534:
5529:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5460:
5455:
5448:. p. 14.
5447:
5440:
5434:, p. 42.
5433:
5428:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5398:
5382:
5378:
5371:
5365:, p. 37.
5364:
5359:
5353:, p. 33.
5352:
5347:
5341:, p. 29.
5340:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5300:
5298:
5291:, p. 62.
5290:
5285:
5283:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5237:
5233:
5226:
5220:, p. 43.
5219:
5214:
5198:
5194:
5188:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5120:
5113:
5108:
5101:
5096:
5089:
5084:
5082:
5066:
5062:
5055:
5040:
5036:
5029:
5011:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4980:
4974:
4967:
4962:
4956:, p. 27.
4955:
4950:
4948:
4940:
4935:
4927:
4920:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4882:
4877:
4875:
4867:
4862:
4855:
4850:
4843:
4838:
4836:
4828:
4823:
4816:
4811:
4804:
4799:
4792:
4787:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4744:
4742:
4733:
4726:
4724:
4715:
4709:
4702:
4697:
4690:
4685:
4676:(documentary)
4674:
4673:
4670:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4642:
4638:
4633:(documentary)
4631:
4630:
4627:
4621:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4585:
4578:
4573:
4564:
4557:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4503:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4356:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4326:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4298:
4287:
4280:
4274:
4258:
4254:
4251:Onslow, Sue;
4247:
4241:, p. 88.
4240:
4235:
4233:
4226:, p. 84.
4225:
4220:
4214:, p. 80.
4213:
4208:
4202:, p. 65.
4201:
4196:
4190:, p. 23.
4189:
4184:
4178:, p. 19.
4177:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4161:, p. 16.
4160:
4155:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4122:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4103:
4095:
4093:
4087:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4035:, p. 25.
4034:
4029:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4007:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3983:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3845:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3753:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3719:, p. 21.
3718:
3713:
3711:
3704:, p. 36.
3703:
3698:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3635:
3633:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3559:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3493:Ronald Reagan
3490:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3401:attempted to
3400:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3335:
3321:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3292:Ronald Reagan
3287:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3273:Radio Pacific
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3247:Russell Crowe
3244:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:Roger Douglas
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3028:Morarji Desai
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2953:Gough Whitlam
2950:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:Ronald Reagan
2927:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2910:Derek Quigley
2907:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2818:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2772:Falklands War
2766:Falklands War
2763:
2760:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2745:1984 election
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:Derek Quigley
2725:
2716:
2713:
2706:
2699:1981 election
2696:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2675:'s President
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2569:Brian Talboys
2566:
2565:Derek Quigley
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2405:
2392:
2387:
2378:
2375:
2368:
2361:1978 election
2358:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2308:
2307:Walter Scheel
2304:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2287:1984 election
2284:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:welfare state
2175:
2171:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2133:Chief Justice
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2090:
2075:
2069: →
2068:
2063:
2060:←
2055:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:1975 election
1937:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1917:conservatives
1915:
1911:
1907:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1880:1972 election
1876:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1861:1969 election
1858:
1857:Jack Marshall
1853:
1849:
1847:
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1380:Jack Marshall
1377:
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1313:welfare state
1309:
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1165:
1161:
1156:
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1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:protectionist
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:Jack Marshall
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1080:described as
1079:
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845:
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839:
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827:
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824:MP for Tamaki
822:
821:
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815:
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813:
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803:
789:
786:
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632:
627:
623:
620:
617:
613:
610:
606:
604:Resting place
602:
593:5 August 1992
592:
588:
585:, New Zealand
584:
568:
564:
559:
555:
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549:
543:
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531:
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471:
467:
464:
461:
455:
449:
444:
440:
434:
431:Jack Marshall
430:
424:
421:
420:Brian Talboys
418:
414:
411:
407:
404:
398:
392:
387:
384:
379:
376:
373:
367:
364:Jack Marshall
363:
357:
354:Jack Marshall
353:
347:
341:
336:
333:
328:
324:
318:
315:
312:
306:
303:
302:Jack Marshall
299:
296:
290:
284:
279:
276:
275:Roger Douglas
273:
267:
264:
261:
255:
251:
245:
239:
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220:
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211:
208:
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198:
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185:
184:Brian Talboys
182:
180:
176:
173:
172:David Beattie
169:
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158:
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137:
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95:
90:
87:
83:
69:
66:
58:
48:
44:
38:
37:
33:
27:
18:
17:
8893:(youth wing)
8871:United Party
8866:Reform Party
8531:Stuart Smith
8512:Invercargill
8459:Maureen Pugh
8392:Whangaparāoa
8375:James Meager
8368:New Plymouth
8281:Nicola Grigg
8264:Paulo Garcia
8257:Maungakiekie
8252:Greg Fleming
8163:Simeon Brown
8139:Chris Bishop
8120:Port Waikato
8115:Andrew Bayly
7931:
7907:Bill English
7905:
7897:
7886:Bill English
7877:
7869:
7856:
7855:
7847:
7839:
7831:
7660:
7518:
7505:
7294:
7262:
7235:
7230:Bill Rowling
7220:Bill Rowling
7208:
7189:
7156:Bill Rowling
7142:
7110:
7067:
7046:Zavos, Spiro
7024:
6996:
6986:
6963:
6943:
6882:
6861:
6831:
6828:Gavin McLean
6809:
6763:
6741:
6721:Reed Methuen
6719:. Auckland:
6716:
6690:
6660:
6628:Christchurch
6623:
6612:. Retrieved
6589:
6565:
6546:
6515:
6495:
6487:Bibliography
6472:. Retrieved
6460:
6448:. Retrieved
6444:
6434:
6423:
6412:
6401:
6389:. Retrieved
6386:NZ On Screen
6381:
6372:
6360:. Retrieved
6355:
6346:
6334:. Retrieved
6328:
6318:
6306:. Retrieved
6295:
6283:. Retrieved
6278:
6269:
6251:
6239:. Retrieved
6233:
6223:
6211:. Retrieved
6207:
6198:
6186:
6173:
6164:
6152:
6147:, p. ?.
6140:
6133:Russell 1996
6128:
6116:
6104:. Retrieved
6098:
6088:
6076:. Retrieved
6072:
6062:
6050:. Retrieved
6044:
6019:. Retrieved
6012:
6003:
5991:. Retrieved
5987:
5978:
5973:, p. ?.
5966:
5956:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5928:. Retrieved
5919:
5888:. Retrieved
5877:Soper, Barry
5871:
5863:
5856:. Retrieved
5850:
5840:
5829:
5820:
5809:
5800:
5793:Russell 1996
5788:
5777:
5767:
5755:
5748:Russell 1996
5743:
5731:. Retrieved
5702:. Retrieved
5697:
5688:
5676:. Retrieved
5664:
5655:
5635:
5628:
5616:
5598:
5586:. Retrieved
5583:NZ On Screen
5578:
5572:
5565:
5553:. Retrieved
5528:
5516:. Retrieved
5511:
5502:
5490:. Retrieved
5483:
5454:
5445:
5439:
5432:Russell 1996
5427:
5415:. Retrieved
5384:. Retrieved
5370:
5363:Russell 1996
5358:
5351:Russell 1996
5346:
5339:Russell 1996
5315:. Retrieved
5309:
5269:. Retrieved
5266:NZ On Screen
5265:
5239:. Retrieved
5225:
5218:Russell 1996
5213:
5201:. Retrieved
5196:
5187:
5175:. Retrieved
5171:
5162:
5150:. Retrieved
5146:the original
5141:
5131:
5119:
5107:
5095:
5068:. Retrieved
5064:
5054:
5042:. Retrieved
5038:
5028:
5017:, retrieved
5010:the original
5001:
4995:
4983:. Retrieved
4973:
4961:
4934:
4919:
4907:. Retrieved
4901:
4888:
4866:Chapman 1980
4861:
4854:Chapman 1980
4849:
4822:
4810:
4798:
4786:
4774:. Retrieved
4770:the original
4765:
4755:
4750:, Chapter 7.
4708:
4696:
4684:
4672:
4669:
4645:. Retrieved
4629:
4626:
4620:
4608:
4596:
4584:
4579:, p. ?.
4572:
4563:
4532:22 September
4530:. Retrieved
4524:
4514:
4506:
4502:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4471:the original
4461:
4453:the original
4439:
4427:. Retrieved
4423:the original
4386:. Retrieved
4367:
4355:
4343:. Retrieved
4336:Te Papa Blog
4335:
4325:
4313:. Retrieved
4307:
4297:
4286:the original
4273:
4261:. Retrieved
4246:
4224:Muldoon 1974
4219:
4212:Muldoon 1974
4207:
4200:Muldoon 1974
4195:
4188:Russell 1996
4183:
4176:Muldoon 1974
4159:Muldoon 1974
4154:
4142:. Retrieved
4129:
4110:
4091:
4086:
4076:
4071:
4059:. Retrieved
4053:
4040:
4033:Muldoon 1974
4013:
3982:
3970:
3962:
3950:
3938:. Retrieved
3928:
3860:. Retrieved
3854:
3844:
3832:. Retrieved
3825:
3816:
3804:. Retrieved
3798:
3770:. Retrieved
3766:NZ On Screen
3764:
3739:. Retrieved
3735:NZ On Screen
3733:
3724:
3717:Russell 1996
3697:
3685:. Retrieved
3677:
3650:. Retrieved
3644:
3619:. Retrieved
3615:the original
3608:
3578:. Retrieved
3572:
3562:
3507:
3479:
3448:Donald Trump
3445:
3426:
3418:Brian Easton
3415:
3396:
3380:
3372:Backbenchers
3371:
3354:. His wife,
3352:Auckland CBD
3345:
3288:
3277:
3268:
3260:
3254:
3239:
3220:
3204:
3189:
3162:
3151:
3144:
3116:
3091:
3084:
3073:
3050:Lionel Bowen
3038:
3031:
2997:
2942:
2923:
2904:rebels like
2894:
2873:Bastille Day
2854:
2836:
2803:
2798:
2790:
2784:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2754:
2730:
2708:
2685:
2681:
2654:
2623:Soviet Union
2612:
2605:Commonwealth
2594:
2584:
2554:
2518:
2502:Mickey Mouse
2479:David Yallop
2476:
2453:Jimmy Carter
2449:Soviet Union
2446:
2441:fifth column
2424:
2414:
2401:
2370:
2355:John Falloon
2343:
2333:
2332:Royal Yacht
2315:Elizabeth II
2312:
2276:
2260:
2257:Moyle Affair
2251:Moyle Affair
2233:
2221:
2197:
2182:
2166:
2141:
2137:Richard Wild
2126:
2115:
2099:
2094:Jimmy Carter
2062:Bill Rowling
2046:Appointed by
2001:Elizabeth II
1985:
1936:Bill Rowling
1933:
1928:Thea Muldoon
1926:Muldoon and
1909:
1902:
1877:
1870:
1854:
1850:
1839:
1816:
1783:
1774:
1755:
1746:
1739:Peter Gordon
1732:
1696:Mount Albert
1677:
1657:–1991
1634:–1990
1611:–1987
1588:–1984
1565:–1981
1542:–1978
1519:–1975
1496:–1972
1473:–1969
1450:–1966
1425:–1963
1383:
1361:
1358:Early career
1333:
1301:
1298:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1222:
1157:
1125:Labour Party
1086:
1008:
1007:
942:
941:
916:Carless days
906:Moyle Affair
880:
879:
855:
854:
835:
834:
799:
750:World War II
743:Battles/wars
595:(1992-08-05)
546:Succeeded by
525: –
517:
490:Succeeded by
447:
441:Bill Rowling
437:Succeeded by
410:Bill Rowling
390:
370:Succeeded by
339:
325:Bill Rowling
321:Succeeded by
282:
270:Succeeded by
237:
217:Succeeded by
210:Bill Rowling
154:Elizabeth II
140:
86:
61:
52:
30:
8918:1992 deaths
8913:1921 births
8596:North Shore
8591:Simon Watts
8447:Tama Potaka
8423:Katie Nimon
8411:Rima Nakhle
8351:Todd McClay
8329:Melissa Lee
8245:Waimakariri
8240:Matt Doocey
8228:Tim Costley
8032:Sylvia Wood
8015:John Slater
7962:Alex Gordon
7928:(2020–2021)
7920:Todd Muller
7916:(2018–2020)
7910:(2016–2018)
7902:(2006–2016)
7894:(2003–2006)
7888:(2001–2003)
7882:(1997–2001)
7874:(1986–1997)
7866:(1984–1986)
7860:(1974–1984)
7852:(1972–1974)
7844:(1957–1972)
7836:(1940–1957)
7828:(1936–1940)
7257:David Lange
7247:David Lange
7122:Clem Simich
6806:David Lange
6450:10 February
6362:29 February
6304:. Bloomberg
6157:Easton 2001
5826:"No. 49584"
5806:"No. 47237"
5555:22 November
5518:16 November
5417:20 November
5386:17 February
5317:15 November
4985:7 September
4966:Wilson 2004
4939:Wilson 2004
4909:15 November
4827:McLean 2006
4803:McLean 2006
4791:McLean 2006
4613:Parker 2005
4601:Parker 2005
4577:Easton 1981
4429:15 December
4332:"Rob's Mob"
3433:Black Power
3304:Clem Simich
3173:Rogernomics
3169:neo-liberal
3158:David Lange
3099:Rogernomics
2969:Australasia
2961:Norman Kirk
2902:neo-liberal
2892:election".
2877:David Lange
2665:trade-union
2591:rugby union
2330:, from the
2283:David Lange
2281:was won by
2263:Colin Moyle
2200:Norman Kirk
2145:Stephen Kós
2067:David Lange
1914:blue collar
1889:Norman Kirk
1762:Crimes Bill
1414:Electorate
1346:and made a
1231:, with the
1218:Colin Moyle
1201:anti-Soviet
1193:Black Power
1082:reactionary
696:New Zealand
631:Thea Flyger
551:Clem Simich
534:Preceded by
484:David Lange
480:Preceded by
463:David Lange
427:Preceded by
406:Norman Kirk
360:Preceded by
309:Preceded by
258:Preceded by
222:David Lange
205:Preceded by
193:(1981–1984)
186:(1975–1981)
8907:Categories
8891:Young Nats
8739:English II
8704:Muldoon II
8524:Coromandel
8483:Shane Reti
8476:Rangitīkei
8435:Chris Penk
8310:East Coast
8144:Hutt South
8127:Dan Bidois
8103:Carl Bates
7871:Jim Bolger
7436:Hall-Jones
7391:Waterhouse
7300:1974–1984
7241:1975–1984
7214:1974–1975
7166:Bob Tizard
7150:1975–1984
7137:Harry Lake
7116:1960–1991
7105:Bob Tizard
7002:Wellington
6977:1869584287
6858:Moon, Paul
6812:. Viking.
6760:Jones, Bob
6641:0900392282
6575:0864694652
6556:0589013467
6308:5 February
5930:2 February
5912:Wolfe 2005
5858:1 December
5621:Bohan 2004
5152:12 October
5019:15 October
4748:Lange 2005
4671:Dawn Raids
4360:Wolfe 2005
4144:4 February
4006:Wolfe 2005
3549:References
3437:blokeiness
3389:homophobic
3376:Wellington
3348:Meadowbank
3284:Ruthanasia
3280:Jim Bolger
3192:Fran Wilde
3181:Ruthanasia
3154:Jim Bolger
3141:Later life
3107:Ruthanasia
2778:Canterbury
2669:The Accord
2587:Springboks
2557:Jim Bolger
2545:Gary Knapp
2521:Frank Gill
2498:Disneyland
2229:dawn raids
1794:Harry Lake
1716:Bob Tizard
1706:). But in
1282:Ó Maoldúin
1253:knighthood
1181:Dawn Raids
896:Dawn raids
817:Early life
693:Allegiance
671:Accountant
668:Profession
609:Meadowbank
576:1921-09-25
539:Bob Tizard
314:Harry Lake
263:Bob Tizard
32:neutrality
8881:Teal Deal
8845:July 2020
8724:English I
8699:Muldoon I
8668:(2008–17)
8662:(1990–99)
8656:(1975–84)
8650:(1960–72)
8644:(1949–57)
8488:Whangārei
8404:Southland
8380:Rangitata
8344:Northland
8185:Wairarapa
8168:Pakuranga
8132:Northcote
8108:Whanganui
8023:Judy Kirk
7892:Don Brash
7864:Jim McLay
7741:Robertson
7681:MacIntyre
7446:Mackenzie
7306:Jim McLay
7274:Jim McLay
7201:Hugh Watt
7148:1967–1972
7066:from the
6786:cite book
6474:4 October
6330:Maclean's
5890:22 August
5673:0362-4331
5446:The Times
5203:19 August
5142:The Times
5065:DigitalNZ
4701:Anae 2012
4689:Anae 2012
4647:14 August
4589:Anae 2012
4263:14 August
4061:14 August
3987:Zealand’"
3940:14 August
3678:NZHistory
3554:Citations
3251:Panasonic
3227:Bob Jones
3213:in 1999.
3202:in 1986.
3147:Jim McLay
2792:The Times
2737:Bob Jones
2635:Think Big
2629:Think Big
2619:apartheid
2614:The Times
2596:apartheid
2593:squad of
2561:Jim McLay
2537:Don Brash
2421:Communism
2334:Britannia
2106:recession
1846:Tom Shand
1764:that the
1704:Waitemata
1294:Liverpool
1173:Think Big
926:Think Big
714:1940–1946
676:Signature
658:Parent(s)
518:In office
495:Jim McLay
473:Jim McLay
448:In office
391:In office
381:21st
375:Hugh Watt
340:In office
283:In office
238:In office
228:32nd
197:Jim McLay
141:In office
131:31st
43:talk page
8840:May 2020
8694:Marshall
8689:Holyoake
8608:Tukituki
8560:Tauranga
8536:Kaikōura
8416:Takanini
8334:Nancy Lu
8269:New Lynn
8221:Papakura
7991:Sue Wood
7981:Ned Holt
7899:John Key
7746:Sepuloni
7716:Anderton
7701:McKinnon
7656:Marshall
7646:Marshall
7641:Holyoake
7590:Category
7509:(acting)
7496:Marshall
7486:Holyoake
7426:Ballance
7406:Atkinson
7381:Whitaker
7371:Stafford
7078:Archived
6860:(1999).
6808:(2005).
6762:(1997).
6715:(1986).
6665:Auckland
6659:(2000).
6634:. 1981.
6601:. 2001.
6595:Auckland
6545:(1980).
6535:62718931
6279:Newsroom
4776:15 March
4382:Archived
4048:(2010).
3793:(2010).
3537:See also
3504:Ian Mune
3472:Auckland
3431:such as
3384:populist
3225:founder
3125:, and a
2947:and the
2890:schnapps
2712:Gisborne
2677:Jim Knox
2645:Agrodome
2533:Sue Wood
2417:Cold War
2398:Taxation
2102:populist
2027:Election
1671:National
1648:National
1625:National
1602:National
1579:National
1556:National
1533:National
1510:National
1487:National
1464:National
1441:National
1280:(Irish:
1270:Auckland
1185:Pasifika
1111:(1967),
723:Sergeant
650:Children
619:National
583:Auckland
330:4th
55:May 2024
36:disputed
8754:Collins
8744:Bridges
8719:Shipley
8584:Waikato
8356:Rotorua
8096:Waitaki
7731:Bennett
7726:English
7676:Talboys
7661:Muldoon
7651:Skinner
7569:Hipkins
7559:English
7544:Shipley
7519:Muldoon
7514:Rowling
7481:Holland
6956:(1986).
6942:Number
6938:(1985).
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6836:Dunedin
6810:My Life
6695:Dunedin
6391:12 June
6285:24 July
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6213:24 July
6106:20 June
6078:20 June
6052:20 June
6021:5 March
5993:5 March
5728:Newshub
5704:24 July
5588:15 June
5241:7 April
5177:24 July
5070:20 June
5044:20 June
4388:18 June
4345:3 March
3862:20 June
3834:20 June
3806:20 June
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1408:Years
1164:elites
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416:Deputy
199:(1984)
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8759:Luxon
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5179:2021
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