22:
247:, towards a search for a masculine brotherhood, through his involvement in the "folk revival". His views of folk music and dance have been called "fundamentalist". In any case he took up with and formed small groups, rather than political organisations. He expressly rejected overtures made to him by members of
294:
views from 1933, writing first in German. However, as his mother was half
Austrian Jewish, this is unlikely, and in the late thirties he specifically repudiated this. His thinking moved from a belief in the honest value of work, to connection and belonging, and ultimately to a vision of the interplay
562:
After
Gardiner's death, the family placed the Springhead estate in the care of a trust which was registered as a charity – The Springfield Trust – in 1973. Rosalind Richards, daughter of Rolf and Marabel, was life tenant of the house; after her death in 2016 the charity took on management of the
405:. In official eyes, this grouping or think-tank was treated with less suspicion than its correlated far-right political organisations. It had some effect on agricultural policy, particularly in relation to self-sufficiency. It also affected the thinking of the
285:
In a series of publications from 1928, he articulated racial theories (Baltic peoples versus
Mediterranean peoples) and the need for national reversals of "impoverishment" of the stock. It has been said that he was an "ecocentric" looking for a united and
121:
that Morris was an essentially masculine form. He founded the
Travelling Morrice in 1924, with Arthur Heffer, having taken a team of English dancers to Germany in 1922, and in 1923 met a few of the surviving dancers while walking in the
550:, who praised "people like Gardiner" as "true cultural subversives – pop stars before pop even existed. In terms of the influence he had on giving Britain's young people a sense of identity, there's no doubt is just as important as
192:, Malawi), known as the Nchima Tea and Tung Estate, of which Gardiner became chairman. He was active in the 1950s in dealing with colonial officials, with a view to conserving the underlying land. He had written about
168:
He and his wife developed the
Springhead Ring as a music, theatre and crafts network, as well as farming the estate and developing forestry operations. It also hosted much musical activity. The rural writer
149:
He married
Mariabella Honor Hodgkin in 1932; she was the daughter of the Irish fabric designer Florence Hodgkin. In 1933, he and 'Marabel' bought the estate at Springhead, near
142:, bought Gore Farm in North Dorset in 1924. Rolf took over the farm in 1927 and continued what became a large-scale forestation project, based on training he had received at
237:
329:, an SS leader and NSDAP food and agriculture minister of the Nazi era, who had been one of the chief proponents of the links between a people and the land.
2032:
1387:
173:
spent a year after the Second World War working for
Gardiner, thinning a 14-acre ash wood on the estate; this formed the material for his 1947 book
310:, Gardiner was an apologist for German "leadership" in Central Europe, dictatorships, and "racial regeneration". He later wrote for the periodical
1778:
Moore-Colyer, Richard; Conford, Philip (2004). "A 'Secret
Society'? The Internal and External Relations of the Kinship in Husbandry, 1941–52".
500:, the Egyptologist. His mother Hedwig, née von Rosen, was Austrian, though with a Roman Catholic father and Swedish-Finnish mother. His sister
63:
and participated in inter-war far right politics. He organised summer camps with music, dance and community aims across class and cultures.
811:
161:
1967–1968, President of the Dorset
Federation of Young Farmers Clubs 1944–1946, Chairman and then President of the Dorset branch of the
2057:
2052:
1446:
1438:
563:
house. The estate hosts children and young people on day trips or longer stays, and is also a venue for weddings and other events.
959:
2042:
1990:
1966:
1908:
1884:
1863:
1696:
1651:
1630:
1609:
1588:
1564:
1543:
1522:
1501:
315:
859:
43:(5 November 1902 – 26 November 1971) was an English rural revivalist who helped to bring back folk dance styles including
243:
It has been suggested that
Gardiner moved from the ideas of guild socialism and social credit, current in the circle of
1675:
501:
258:
Gardiner later broke with Hargrave, of whom Lawrence disapproved. In 1929, Gardiner was writing with approval in the
162:
1029:
220:. In Gardiner's time it became internationally oriented and Germanophile, and his own political interests turned to
2067:
406:
1365:
1107:
1340:
92:
1707:
997:
763:
251:'s party, which at the time was gaining ground in rural areas in response to the effects of the depression and
102:
Initially he was a youth leader, involved in exchanges with Germany. He was heavily influenced in the 1920s by
1741:
Moore-Colyer, R. J. (2001b). "Back To Basics: Rolf Gardiner, H. J. Massingham and 'A Kinship in Husbandry'".
1661:
366:
342:
1514:
Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century
1815:
Moore-Colyer, Richard (2003). "A Northern Federation? Henry Rolf Gardiner and British and European Youth".
1391:
216:
from 1923, while a student. It had been founded in 1920, and at that point was left-leaning and supported
707:
2037:
1976:
1918:
Tyldesley, Mike (2006). "The German Youth Movement and National Socialism: Some Views from Britain".
837:
319:
260:
1205:
2062:
349:, a group of a dozen men with an interest in rural revival. It was a precursor organisation of the
326:
547:
497:
184:
and applied organic principles to both farm and forest. The family owned tea-growing estates in
106:; he visited Lawrence in Switzerland in 1928, and has been called his first genuine "disciple".
2047:
1293:
513:
509:
382:
158:
139:
1898:
1620:
586:
1956:
815:
543:
378:
269:
154:
290:
England and Germany, and a supporter of Nazi pro-ruralist policies. He reportedly expressed
2027:
2022:
1894:
661:
998:"A Forum for Organic Husbandry: The New English Weekly and Agricultural Policy, 1939–1949"
8:
1574:
517:
170:
1943:
1840:
1803:
1766:
1722:
455:
Britain and Germany. A Frank Discussion instigated by Members of the Younger Generation
55:; his forestry methods were far ahead of their time and he was a founder member of the
900:
1986:
1962:
1947:
1935:
1904:
1880:
1859:
1844:
1832:
1807:
1795:
1770:
1758:
1692:
1671:
1647:
1626:
1605:
1584:
1560:
1539:
1518:
1497:
922:
592:
390:
272:) and its anti-scientific outlook. He debated the German Youth Movement in 1934 with
80:
1927:
1824:
1787:
1750:
410:
394:
374:
350:
338:
181:
146:, with conifers and beech trees. Here he set up a support group, the Gore Kinship.
56:
600:
1980:
1876:
Breeding Superman: Nietzsche, Race and Eugenics in Edwardian and Interwar Britain
1874:
1853:
1686:
1665:
1641:
1599:
1578:
1554:
1533:
1512:
1491:
741:
299:
217:
189:
143:
52:
33:
863:
639:
165:
1957–1972, as well as other rural and landscape committees and working parties.
1708:"Rolf Gardiner, English Patriot and the Council for the Church and Countryside"
1622:
D. H. Lawrence: Dying Game 1922-1930: The Cambridge Biography of D. H. Lawrence
1460:
521:
358:
229:
150:
103:
88:
44:
1791:
1754:
485:
Water Springing from the Ground: an anthology of the writings of Rolf Gardiner
429:
by Harold Barlow. It was one of the earliest attempts to introduce the German
126:
with the poet Christopher Scaife. Gardiner was not, however, a founder of the
2016:
1939:
1931:
1900:
Hurrah For The Blackshirts!: Fascists and Fascism in Britain Between the Wars
1836:
1799:
1762:
789:
505:
386:
370:
362:
303:
248:
225:
221:
76:
48:
26:
1667:
Fellow travellers of the Right: British enthusiasts for Nazi Germany, 1933-9
1828:
1493:
Seeds of Trouble: Government Policy and Land Rights in Nyasaland, 1946-1964
402:
398:
291:
114:
84:
228:, with whom he had associated in the Kibbo Kift. After its split from the
1688:
Shaping the Superman: Fascist Body as Political Icon : Aryan Fascism
1033:
551:
354:
278:
273:
244:
127:
29:
1726:
614:
538:. In 2008, he was mentioned in that paper again in a report of the book
516:, with whom Balfour Gardiner worked, was not a relative). The conductor
1111:
504:
was a patron of artists and sculptors, and the mother of the historian
110:
96:
2007:
1235:
968:. Vol. 526. House of Commons. 15 April 1954. col. 1358–1375.
1535:
The Imagined Village: Culture, Ideology, and the English Folk Revival
1052:
534:
185:
123:
118:
1730:
1421:"The 1960s? Sell-outs. Radical youth means the 1930s" by Ben Hoyle,
1004:
767:
1412:
See many entries in the Times Digital Archive between 1933 and 1971
1276:
1274:
436:
153:, Dorset. He became active in Dorset society, becoming a member of
1294:"Angmering History – Jorian Jenks – Angmering's Blackshirt farmer"
1601:
An Imaginary England: Nation, Landscape and Literature, 1840-1920
964:
193:
1271:
385:, in September 1941. They drew ideas from agricultural experts:
21:
1982:
The Village That Died for England: The Strange Story of Tyneham
1223:
381:
and C. Henry Warren. The group first met in Blunden's rooms at
197:
72:
60:
51:. He also founded groups significant in the British history of
1247:
688:
461:
World Without End: British politics and the younger generation
676:
287:
252:
25:
Rolf Gardiner at his wedding to Marabel Hodgkin in 1932. The
1138:
1076:
1958:
Rolf Gardiner: Folk, Nature and Culture in Interwar Britain
1721:(2). British Agricultural History Society Stable: 187–209.
1643:
The Culture of Fascism: Visions of the Far Right in Britain
1064:
1366:"VWML Online :: George Barnet Gardiner (c.1852–1910)"
1126:
878:
238:
Social Credit Party of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
1320:
1174:
1040:
972:
109:
In this period, he was also much concerned with English
1511:
Barberis, Peter; McHugh, John; Tyldesley, Mike (2000).
1510:
1162:
1058:
295:
between the health of soil, animals, crops and people.
79:
and his wife Hedwig, née Von Rosen. He was educated at
708:"DH Lawrence resources – The University of Nottingham"
1259:
1150:
942:
940:
204:. The Nchima estate became the Nchima Trust in 1962.
1437:
1777:
1441:
The Springhead Trust, registered charity no. 265555
1308:
1241:
1186:
722:
353:, which was set up in 1946. Original members were:
1088:
937:
585:
401:. Other members included Laurence Easterbrook and
2014:
654:
1640:Gottlieb, Julie V.; Linehan, Thomas P. (2004).
1639:
1253:
1036:on 28 August 2008 – via Internet Archive.
682:
540:Youth Culture in Modern Britain, c1920 to c1970
467:England Herself: Ventures in Rural Restoration
1740:
1705:
1280:
1229:
895:
893:
596:. A & C Black. 1 December 2007.
1814:
694:
615:"Old West Downs Society – ex-Pupils by Year"
532:Gardiner was a regular writer of letters to
449:The Second Coming and Other Poems, 1919–1921
439:) movement to a general British readership.
430:
207:
995:
664:. Utopia-britannica.org.uk. 3 December 1926
479:Europe awaits British Ecological Leadership
163:Council for the Protection of Rural England
1954:
1326:
890:
421:Gardiner published in his maiden issue of
325:After World War II, he kept in touch with
1917:
1660:
1390:. Tate. 10 September 2006. Archived from
1332:
1180:
1168:
1144:
1132:
1046:
1003:. Bahs.org.uk. p. 10. Archived from
524:is another grandson of Florence Hodgkin.
306:, formed in 1936. Writing in the Array's
1855:Modern Environmentalism: An Introduction
1597:
1447:Charity Commission for England and Wales
1070:
991:
989:
987:
607:
322:as a pro-German and anti-Semitic organ.
20:
1552:
1265:
814:. Homepage.ntlworld.com. Archived from
634:
632:
557:
512:was his uncle (the folk-song collector
332:
2033:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
2015:
1975:
1851:
1684:
1573:
1338:
1156:
1094:
946:
884:
700:
578:
425:in June 1923, a first-hand account of
1872:
1618:
1531:
1489:
1433:
1431:
1314:
1082:
1059:Barberis, McHugh & Tyldesley 2000
1030:"Nchima Trust Newsletter, Issue No 6"
984:
978:
728:
180:Gardiner was a founder member of the
1893:
1368:. Library.efdss.org. 19 January 1910
1211:. Amielandmelburn.org.uk. p. 27
1192:
629:
1556:The British Folk Revival, 1944-2002
1108:"The First 1,000 Issues, 1902–1921"
473:Love and Memory: a garland of poems
13:
1428:
960:"Nyasaland (Economic Development)"
413:, and the Biodynamic Association.
14:
2079:
2058:People educated at Bedales School
2053:English people of Finnish descent
2001:
1339:Morgan, Janet (5 January 2005).
457:(1928) editor with Heinz Rocholl
427:The Cult of Nakedness in Germany
407:Rural Reconstruction Association
232:, Kibbo Kift was in transition,
224:. He also published articles by
1920:Journal of Contemporary History
1715:The Agricultural History Review
1538:. Manchester University Press.
1453:
1415:
1406:
1380:
1358:
1286:
1242:Moore-Colyer & Conford 2004
1198:
1100:
1022:
965:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
952:
915:
852:
830:
804:
790:"Morris Ring: Information from"
782:
766:. Kibbokift.org. Archived from
756:
95:, where he was a member of the
1879:. Liverpool University Press.
1625:. Cambridge University Press.
744:. Mustrad.org.uk. 1 April 2000
734:
212:He was editor of the magazine
1:
1706:Moore-Colyer, R. J. (2001a).
1341:"Obituary: Margaret Gardiner"
1032:. August 2006. Archived from
566:
343:Gerald Wallop, Lord Lymington
314:, set up in December 1938 by
200:already in the 1930s, in the
66:
2043:20th-century English farmers
1580:The Worm Forgives the Plough
601:UK public library membership
571:
133:
93:St John's College, Cambridge
7:
1254:Gottlieb & Linehan 2004
683:Gottlieb & Linehan 2004
640:"Newsletter 20 (June 2000)"
10:
2084:
1482:
1206:"Patrick Wright interview"
1955:Tyldesley, Mike (2016a).
1792:10.1017/S0956793303001110
1755:10.1017/S0956793300002284
1553:Brocken, Michael (2003).
764:"Who Were the Kibbo Kift"
742:"England, whose England?"
527:
491:
487:(1972) editor Andrew Best
416:
261:Times Literary Supplement
208:Politics of the far right
2008:Springhead Trust, Dorset
1932:10.1177/0022009406058670
1598:Ebbatson, Roger (2005).
1532:Boyes, Georgina (1993).
1296:. Angmeringvillage.co.uk
442:
138:His uncle, the composer
16:English rural revivalist
2068:Social nudity advocates
1085:, pp. 97, 156–157.
520:is his son. The artist
498:Alan Henderson Gardiner
337:In 1941 he formed with
298:He was a member of the
255:collection on farming.
157:between 1937 and 1946,
77:Alan Henderson Gardiner
1852:Pepper, David (1996).
1829:10.1080/00309230307468
1685:Mangan, J. A. (1999).
587:"Gardiner, Henry Rolf"
514:George Barnet Gardiner
510:Henry Balfour Gardiner
431:
383:Merton College, Oxford
159:High Sheriff of Dorset
140:Henry Balfour Gardiner
91:. He was a student at
59:. He sympathised with
37:
1817:Paedagogica Historica
1619:Ellis, David (1998).
1490:Baker, Colin (1993).
1465:The Springfield Trust
925:. Southernlife.org.uk
840:. Opread.force9.co.uk
662:"Organic Nationalism"
327:Richard Walther Darré
270:German Youth Movement
155:Dorset County Council
24:
1858:. Psychology Press.
1575:Collis, John Stewart
558:The Springhead Trust
347:Kinship in Husbandry
333:Kinship in Husbandry
1873:Stone, Dan (2002).
1283:, pp. 187–209.
1244:, pp. 189–206.
1147:, pp. 144–146.
1073:, pp. 182–183.
1010:on 16 February 2012
981:, pp. 159–160.
887:, pp. 181–182.
697:, pp. 306–324.
542:by David Fowler of
518:John Eliot Gardiner
409:founded in 1935 by
171:John Stewart Collis
41:Henry Rolf Gardiner
1662:Griffiths, Richard
1281:Moore-Colyer 2001a
1232:, pp. 85–108.
1230:Moore-Colyer 2001b
903:. Springhead Trust
770:on 7 February 2012
710:. Nottingham.ac.uk
642:. Audensociety.org
302:, and then of the
276:, in the pages of
240:("Green Shirts").
202:New English Weekly
130:, set up in 1934.
38:
2038:British naturists
1992:978-0-224-03886-7
1985:. Jonathan Cape.
1968:978-1-317-06192-2
1910:978-1-4481-6287-1
1886:978-0-85323-997-0
1865:978-0-415-05745-5
1698:978-0-7146-4954-2
1653:978-1-86064-798-7
1632:978-0-521-25421-2
1611:978-0-7546-5092-8
1590:978-1-4090-8840-0
1566:978-0-7546-3281-8
1545:978-0-7190-2914-1
1524:978-0-8264-5814-8
1517:. A&C Black.
1503:978-1-85043-615-7
1135:, pp. 21–34.
996:Conford, Philip.
695:Moore-Colyer 2003
599:(Subscription or
391:Robert McCarrison
365:, J. E. Hosking,
308:Quarterly Gazette
196:in Nyasaland and
81:West Downs School
2075:
1996:
1972:
1951:
1914:
1903:. Random House.
1890:
1869:
1848:
1811:
1774:
1737:
1736:on 20 July 2007.
1735:
1729:. Archived from
1712:
1702:
1681:
1657:
1636:
1615:
1594:
1583:. Random House.
1570:
1549:
1528:
1507:
1496:. I. B. Tauris.
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1435:
1426:
1425:, 9 October 2008
1419:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1388:"Howard Hodgkin"
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1210:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1110:. Archived from
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1002:
993:
982:
976:
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969:
956:
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944:
935:
934:
932:
930:
919:
913:
912:
910:
908:
897:
888:
882:
876:
875:
873:
871:
862:. Archived from
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
838:"sidmouth94lect"
834:
828:
827:
825:
823:
808:
802:
801:
799:
797:
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
760:
754:
753:
751:
749:
738:
732:
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720:
719:
717:
715:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
673:
671:
669:
658:
652:
651:
649:
647:
636:
627:
626:
624:
622:
611:
605:
604:
597:
589:
582:
434:
411:Montague Fordham
395:George Stapledon
375:Lord Northbourne
351:Soil Association
339:H. J. Massingham
182:Soil Association
113:, and convinced
57:Soil Association
2083:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2063:Organic farmers
2013:
2012:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1977:Wright, Patrick
1969:
1911:
1887:
1866:
1733:
1710:
1699:
1678:
1654:
1633:
1612:
1591:
1567:
1546:
1525:
1504:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1394:on 7 March 2012
1386:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1337:
1333:
1327:Tyldesley 2016a
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1000:
994:
985:
977:
973:
958:
957:
953:
945:
938:
928:
926:
921:
920:
916:
906:
904:
899:
898:
891:
883:
879:
869:
867:
860:"Fontmell Down"
858:
857:
853:
843:
841:
836:
835:
831:
821:
819:
810:
809:
805:
795:
793:
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
762:
761:
757:
747:
745:
740:
739:
735:
727:
723:
713:
711:
706:
705:
701:
693:
689:
681:
677:
667:
665:
660:
659:
655:
645:
643:
638:
637:
630:
620:
618:
617:. Westdowns.com
613:
612:
608:
598:
584:
583:
579:
574:
569:
560:
530:
508:. The composer
496:His father was
494:
445:
419:
367:Douglas Kennedy
335:
300:English Mistery
218:guild socialism
210:
190:Thyolo District
144:Dartington Hall
136:
75:the son of Sir
71:He was born in
69:
53:organic farming
34:guard of honour
32:group form the
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1392:the original
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1345:The Guardian
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1012:. Retrieved
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870:17 September
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768:the original
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40:
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2028:1971 deaths
2023:1902 births
1604:. Ashgate.
1559:. Ashgate.
1398:15 February
1372:15 February
1300:15 February
1215:15 February
1157:Pepper 1996
1095:Mangan 1999
1014:15 February
947:Collis 2009
929:15 February
907:15 February
885:Wright 1995
844:15 February
822:15 February
796:15 February
774:15 February
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714:15 February
668:15 February
646:15 February
621:15 February
552:Mick Jagger
432:Nacktkultur
355:Adrian Bell
312:New Pioneer
279:The Adelphi
274:Leslie Paul
245:A. R. Orage
128:Morris Ring
117:revivalist
83:from 1913,
30:sword dance
2017:Categories
1461:"About Us"
1350:8 November
1315:Stone 2002
1083:Boyes 1993
979:Baker 1993
923:"fontmell"
729:Ellis 1998
603:required.)
567:References
544:Clare Hall
111:folk dance
97:Kibbo Kift
67:Early life
1948:145721836
1940:0022-0094
1845:145101588
1837:0030-9230
1808:143048193
1800:0956-7933
1771:163061331
1763:0956-7933
1423:The Times
1193:Pugh 2013
901:"History"
593:Who's Who
572:Citations
548:Cambridge
535:The Times
186:Nyasaland
134:Landowner
124:Cotswolds
119:Mary Neal
1979:(1995).
1897:(2013).
1727:40275726
1664:(1980).
1577:(2009).
502:Margaret
437:naturism
236:for the
234:en route
188:(now in
1483:Sources
264:of the
194:erosion
1989:
1965:
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528:Legacy
492:Family
481:(1972)
475:(1960)
469:(1943)
463:(1932)
417:Nudism
249:Mosley
198:Uganda
73:Fulham
61:Nazism
1944:S2CID
1841:S2CID
1804:S2CID
1767:S2CID
1734:(PDF)
1723:JSTOR
1711:(PDF)
1209:(PDF)
1008:(PDF)
1001:(PDF)
443:Works
423:Youth
288:pagan
253:tithe
214:Youth
1987:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1936:ISSN
1905:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1860:ISBN
1833:ISSN
1796:ISSN
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1693:ISBN
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1606:ISBN
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1540:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1498:ISBN
1472:2024
1400:2014
1374:2014
1352:2017
1302:2014
1217:2014
1120:2008
1016:2014
931:2014
909:2014
872:2008
846:2014
824:2014
798:2014
776:2014
750:2014
716:2014
670:2014
648:2014
623:2014
397:and
345:the
341:and
318:and
47:and
1928:doi
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