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661:(about US$ 11 billion) for the Space Agency from January 2006 until 2015, with overall space expenditures in Russia total about 425 billion rubles for the same time period. The budget for 2006 was as high as 25 billion rubles (about US$ 900 million), which is a 33% increase from the 2005 budget. Under the current 10-year budget approved, the budget of the Space Agency shall increase 5–10% per year, providing the space agency with a constant influx of money. In addition to the budget, Roscosmos plans to have over 130 billion rubles flowing into its budget by other means, such as industry investments and commercial space launches. It is around the time US-based
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years in 2007), and much of the equipment is obsolete. On the positive side, many companies in the sector have been able to profit from contracts and partnerships with foreign companies; several new systems such as new rocket upper stages have been developed in recent years; investments have been made to production lines, and companies have started to pay more attention to educating a new generation of engineers and technicians.
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research program aimed at measuring the effects of weightlessness on the lizards' ability to procreate and develop in the harsh environment. However, soon after the spacecraft exited the atmosphere, mission control lost contact with the vessel which led to an attempt to reestablish communication that
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space transporters. After the initial ISS contract with NASA expired, Roscosmos and NASA, with the approval of the US government, entered into a space contract running until 2011, according to which
Roscosmos will sell NASA spots on Soyuz spacecraft for approximately $ 21 million per person each way,
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Roscosmos and Russia's space industry are facing significant challenges. The country is on track to conduct its fewest orbital launches since 1961. As of August 15, 2024, only nine launches had occurred, a sharp decline partly attributed to the loss of
Western customers following Russia's invasion of
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as the powerful design bureaus fought to protect their own spheres of operation and to survive. For example, the decision to keep Mir in operation beyond 1999 was not made by the agency, but by the private shareholder board of the
Energia design bureau. Another example is that the decision to develop
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in 1991. It initially began as the
Russian Space Agency, which was established on 25 February 1992 and restructured in 1999 and 2004 as the Russian Aviation and Space Agency and the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), respectively. In 2015, the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) was merged with the
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The global space-launch services market was valued at $ 12.4 billion in 2021 and was forecast to reach $ 38 billion by decade's end. An
American academic wrote that in the wake of the Russian invasion, Roscosmos' share of that market was likely to decline in favour of new entrants such as Japan and
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with 12 months' notice as stipulated in the international contract that governs the satellite. This followed the 3 March 2022 announcement that
Roscosmos would cease cooperation on scientific experiments at the Spacelab, and the 25 March 2022 announcement by Rogozin that "cooperation with Europe is
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Create HEO space system "Arctic" to address the hydrological and meteorological problems in the Arctic region and the northern areas of the Earth, with the help of two spacecraft "Arktika-M" and in the future within the system can create a communications satellite "Arktika-MS" and radar satellites
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of the "troubled space industry", with sweeping reforms including a new "unified command structure and reducing redundant capabilities, acts that could lead to tens of thousands of layoffs." According to
Rogozin, the Russian space sector employs about 250,000 people, while the United States needs
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said "the failure-prone space sector is so troubled that it needs state supervision to overcome its problems." Three days following the Proton M launch failure, the
Russian government had announced that "extremely harsh measures" would be taken "and spell the end of the space industry as we know
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Despite the considerably improved budget, attention of legislative and executive authorities, positive media coverage and broad support among the population, the
Russian space program continues to face several problems. Wages in the space industry are low; the average age of employees is high (46
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The launch of two satellites "Obzor-R" (Review-R) Remote
Sensing of the Earth, with the AESA radar and four spacecraft "Obzor-O" (Review-O) to capture the Earth's surface in normal and infrared light in a broad swath of 80 km with a resolution of 10 meters. The first two satellites of the
586:. Scientific missions, such as interplanetary probes or astronomy missions during these years played a very small role, and although the agency had connections with the Russian aerospace forces, its budget was not part of Russia's defense budget; nevertheless, the agency managed to operate the
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involvements, up to 50% of Russia's space budget is spent on the crewed space program as of 2009. Some observers have pointed out that this has a detrimental effect on other aspects of space exploration, and that the other space powers spend much lesser proportions of their overall budgets on
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In September 2021, Roscosmos announced its revenue and net income, losing 25 billion roubles and 1 billion roubles respectively in 2020, due to the reduction of profit from foreign contracts, an increase in show-up pay, stay-at-home days and personnel health expenses due to the
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as well as others to share development costs of the project, it also stated that it will go forward with the project even without the support of other space agencies. This statement was backed by the approval of its budget for 2006–2015, which includes the necessary funding of
540:
did not have central executive agencies. Instead, its organizational architecture was multi-centered; it was the design bureaus and the council of designers that had the most say, not the political leadership. The creation of a central agency after the reorganization of the
1907:
in Russia have indicated that the lizards had been dead for at least a week prior to their return to Earth. A number of those connected to the mission have theorized that a failure in the vessel's heating system may have caused the cold blooded reptiles to freeze to death.
1079:, Borisov announced the loss of 180 billion rubles in export revenues, chiefly engine sales and launch services, because of the Western hostility to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Roscosmos had lost 90% of its launch service contracts since the advent of the war.
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to launch its satellites after friction had developed "with Moscow" and Roscosmos, its previous orbit service provider. The friction had developed over Rogozin's command that OneWeb needed to ditch its venture capital investment from the UK government.
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The 1990s saw serious financial problems due to the decreased cash flow, which encouraged the space agency to improvise and seek other ways to keep space programs running. This resulted in the agency's leading role in commercial satellite launches and
746:
The federal space budget for the year 2009 was left unchanged despite the global economic crisis, standing at about 82 billion rubles ($ 2.4 billion). In 2011, the government spent 115 billion rubles ($ 3.8 bln) in the national space programs.
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global navigation satellite system has for many years been one of the top priorities and has been given its own budget line in the federal space budget. In 2007, GLONASS received 9.9 billion rubles ($ 360 million), and under the terms of a
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partners, especially NASA. One complaint against Rogozin was his risky words about terminating the ISS agreement over the war in Ukraine, which he broadcast as early as April 2022. At one point in time NASA had bought 71 return trips on
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The proposed project core budget for 2013 to be around 128.3 billion rubles. The budget for the whole space program is 169.8 billion rubles. ($ 5.6 bln). By 2015, the amount of the budget can be increased to 199.2 billion rubles.
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President Vladimir Putin said "it 'is necessary to drastically improve the quality and reliability of space and launch vehicles' ... to preserve Russia's increasingly threatened leadership in space." In November 2018
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pandemic. According to Roscosmos, these losses would also impact the corporation for the next two years. In October, Roscosmos placed the tests of rocket engines in the engineering bureau of chemical automatics in
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only 70,000 to achieve similar results. He said: "Russian space productivity is eight times lower than America's, with companies duplicating one another's work and operating at about 40 percent efficiency."
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boomed throughout 2005 from high prices for exports, such as oil and gas, the outlook for future funding in 2006 appeared more favorable. This resulted in the Russian Duma approving a budget of 305 billion
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Ukraine. Roscosmos has reported financial losses of 180 billion rubles ($ 2.1 billion) due to canceled contracts. The agency's first deputy director indicated it may not achieve profitability until 2025.
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In October 2023, Borisov announced the need for 150 billion rubles to build the Russian space station in the next three years. At completion in 2032, it will have absorbed 609 billion rubles.
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Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
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2012:
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418:). Its current activities include the International Space Station, wherein it is a major partner. On 22 February 2019, Roscosmos announced the construction of its new headquarters in
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Roscosmos operates a number of programs for Earth science, communication, and scientific research on the International Space Station. Roscosmos operates one science satellite (
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1949:, where Roscosmos reimburses the VKO for the wages of many of the flight controllers during civilian launches. Roscosmos and the Space Forces also share control of the
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of Roscosmos. The trio arrived at the International Space Station on 2 November, marking the start of an uninterrupted human presence on the orbiting laboratory.
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As the main successor to the Soviet space program, Roscosmos' legacy includes the world's first satellite, the first human spaceflight, and the first space station (
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confirmed determination of the agreement with Roscosmos for development of next-gen space systems, the document been provided for the officials in July 2020.
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1323:. Two modifications of the Soyuz, the Soyuz-2.1a and Soyuz-2.1b have already been successfully tested, enhancing the launch capacity to 8.5 tons to LEO.
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is the final planned component of the ISS, launch was postponed several times from the initially planned date in 2007, but attached to ISS in July 2021.
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In 2018, Russia agreed to help build the Suffa observatory in Uzbekistan. The observatory was started in 1991, but stalled after the fall of the USSR.
892:, head of Russian financial audit agency, named Roscosmos as the public enterprise with "the highest losses" due to "irrational spending" and outright
9843:
3117:"After Russia's exit from the Lunar Gateway, NASA has found a new partner in UAE The United Arab Emirates is a founding member of the Artemis Accords"
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company. As of 2009, six space tourists have contracted with Roscosmos and have flown into space, each for an estimated fee of at least $ 20 million (
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thus $ 42 million to and back from the ISS per person, as well as provide Progress transport flights, at $ 50 million per Progress as outlined in the
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On 31 October 2000, a Soyuz spacecraft lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 10:53 a.m. Kazakhstan time. On board were Expedition One
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was only achieved later in the mission. When the satellite returned to Earth after its planned two-month mission had been cut short to 44 days, the
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into the Russian Federation was therefore a new development. The Russian Space Agency was formed on 25 February 1992, by a decree of President
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In April 2021, Roscosmos announced that it will be departing the ISS program after 2024. In its place, it was announced that a new space station (
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Under the 2013 plan, Roscosmos was to "act as a federal executive body and contracting authority for programs to be implemented by the industry."
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it." Information indicated then that the government intended to reorganize in such a way as to "preserve and enhance the Roscosmos space agency."
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as the director of Roscosmos. The 65-year-old Perminov was over the legal age for state officials, and had received some criticism after a failed
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915:-led project that will see a lunar orbiter spaceport for the moon. It had previously signed an agreement in September 2017 with the Americans.
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The exact cause that led to the deaths of the geckos was declared unknown by the scientific team in charge of the project. Reports from the
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2346:(Russian: ЦНИИмаш) is the Central Research Institute of Machine Building, an institute of the Russian aeronautics and space formed in 1946
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1867:: Civilian low Earth orbit communication satellite system. On 2016, the system consists of 13 satellites (12 Gonets-M and 1 Gonets-D1).
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capable of acquiring high-resolution imagery (resolution up to 1.0 m). The spacecraft is operated by Roscosmos as a replacement of the
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2571:"25 февраля 1992 года образовано Российское космическое агентство, в настоящее время – Федеральное космическое агентство (Роскосмос)"
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3363:"Russia axed joint experiments on the International Space Station in response to crippling sanctions for its invasion of Ukraine"
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3621:[Roscosmos announces the launch date of the next Russian module on the ISS] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 23 May 2020.
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This article is about the Russian space program starting from 1992. For the history of earlier Russian spaceflight, see
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Based on the Yenisei launch vehicle, the Don launch vehicle (RN STK-2) is being developed by adding another stage
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3520:"Russia Loses 90% of Satellite Launch Orders from Europe; India's ISRO Gains Big at Moscow's Expense - Reports"
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464:, Kaluga, Russia. The exhibition includes the models and replicas of the following Russian/Soviet inventions:
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Included in the mission were a number of fruit flies, plants, and mushrooms which all survived the mission.
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1987:
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10894:
10681:
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10571:
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4217:
Federal Agency for CIS Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation
1930:
501:
427:
6992:
953:
on hold for one month to deliver 33 tons of oxygen to local medical centers, as part of aid for the
918:
In March 2021, Roscosmos signed a memorandum of cooperative construction of a lunar base called the
13387:
13066:
11873:
11526:
11116:
10966:
10899:
10566:
10539:
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8718:
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8521:
7999:
7654:
6484:
6163:
4970:
4346:
4320:
4285:
2510:
1954:
768:
353:
8004:
7686:
3422:
2624:"Russia's Federal Space Agency Dissolved, Responsibilities To Be Transferred To State Corporation"
13682:
13368:
13030:
12982:
12433:
11640:
11625:
11061:
10954:
10934:
10795:
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9272:
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8871:
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7939:
7646:
7594:
7520:
7134:
6797:
6744:
6465:
6127:
6079:
5530:
4262:
3448:"Ukraine war: Russia to halt cooperation on International Space Station over 'illegal' sanctions"
2537:
2232:
1113:
368:
11420:
10842:
9889:
13078:
13006:
12795:
12421:
12008:
11568:
11469:
10544:
10529:
10514:
10103:
9868:
9863:
9794:
9368:
9248:
9199:
8922:
8769:
8678:
8097:
7867:
7862:
7814:
7714:
7434:
7364:
7286:
7170:
7072:
6175:
6103:
5892:
5518:
5105:
2333:
2328:
1418:
1387:
1161:
1076:
329:
3477:"Roscosmos head estimates cost of Russian space station project at 609 BLN rubles before 2032"
976:
on 24 February 2022, Roscosmos launched nine rockets in 2022 and 7 in the first half of 2023.
13141:
12994:
12939:
12872:
12717:
11996:
11844:
11755:
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11484:
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10003:
9998:
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9804:
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8730:
8724:
8708:
8616:
7872:
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4852:
4840:
2252:
2237:
1979:
1767:
1742:
1725:
1663:
1558:
1403:
1293:
1002:
824:
As a result of a series of reliability problems, and proximate to the failure of a July 2013
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457:
13614:
13582:
13310:
13250:
13165:
13018:
12968:
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12128:
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11042:
10649:
10559:
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10236:
9620:
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9032:
9024:
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6711:
6679:
6407:
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6262:
6115:
6065:
5725:
5649:
5471:
5225:
4342:
4143:
2488:
1958:
1926:
1920:
1821:. However, the Kliper program was cancelled in July 2006, and has been replaced by the new
1166:
and is primarily used for cargo storage and as a docking port for visiting spacecraft. The
1151:
961:
897:
884:
837:
805:
771:
Vladimir Putin in 2008, an additional $ 2.6 billion will be allocated for its development.
758:
and development of new communications, navigation and remote Earth sensing spacecraft. The
755:
537:
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392:
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150:
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31:
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8:
13090:
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9858:
9635:
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9544:
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9277:
9137:
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9017:
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8127:
8103:
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7202:
6187:
5861:
5706:
5668:
5452:
5407:
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3645:
1946:
1942:
1504:
1499:
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1191:
1178:
1139:
995:
833:
606:
599:
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489:
384:
235:
225:
4501:
Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media
4056:"О мерах по созданию Государственной корпорации по космической деятельности "Роскосмос""
3994:
3405:"Cooperation with Europe now impossible, says Russian space agency chief post-sanctions"
2791:
1216:
and related sanctions on Russia, although resupply missions continued in 2022 and 2023.
1212:
Continued international collaboration in ISS missions has been thrown into doubt by the
13642:
13298:
12915:
12590:
12350:
11521:
11414:
11258:
10854:
10801:
10765:
10327:
10043:
9692:
9177:
8497:
8430:
8234:
8080:
8009:
7690:
6737:
6395:
6012:
5687:
5447:
4112:
3730:
2306:
1929:
is the military counterpart of the Roscosmos with similar mission objectives as of the
1833:
1167:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1025:
On 2 May 2022, Rogozin announced that Roscosmos would terminate its involvement in the
321:
3787:"ГК «Роскосмос»: Об автоматической станции «Луна-25» | Space Research Institute - IKI"
979:
In early March 2022, Roscosmos under Rogozin suspended its participation in the ESA's
11306:
11198:
11012:
10310:
9506:
9312:
9172:
9100:
8698:
8457:
8447:
8309:
8154:
8066:
8014:
7983:
7904:
7882:
7666:
7630:
7559:
7538:
7301:
7020:
6920:
3734:
3722:
3706:
3685:
2719:
1934:
1822:
1288:
Roscosmos uses a family of several launch rockets, the most famous of them being the
954:
868:
797:
523:
485:
376:
3761:
12190:
11645:
11635:
11164:
11017:
10771:
10357:
10339:
10292:
9747:
9591:
8986:
8759:
8749:
8693:
8479:
8342:
8216:
7947:
7926:
7921:
7899:
7740:
7658:
7576:
7564:
7554:
7359:
7281:
7276:
7212:
7165:
7144:
7111:
5287:
4310:
4178:
3714:
3490:
3476:
2452:
2436:
2418:
2402:
2390:
1720:
1316:
1235:
1202:
1187:
1174:
991:
988:
739:
707:
684:
646:
622:
595:
573:'s ability to attract resources than a conscious long-term decision by the agency.
444:
415:
396:
309:
297:
4733:
Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
3086:"Алексей Кудрин назвал "Роскосмос" рекордсменом по финансовым нарушениям — Meduza"
828:
launch, a major reorganization of the Russian space industry was undertaken. The
13341:
11516:
11318:
11049:
11037:
10848:
10351:
10279:
10113:
9655:
9625:
9484:
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8819:
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7674:
7662:
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7379:
7229:
7139:
6438:
3871:
3650:
3072:
2839:
2798:
1933:. The Russian branch was formed after the merging of the space components of the
1691:
1643:
1367:
1312:
1304:(or UR-500K) has a lift capacity of over 20 tons to LEO. Smaller rockets include
1301:
1297:
1143:
853:
816:
653:
626:
3535:"Facing "financial crisis," Russia on pace for lowest launch total in 6 decades"
3423:"Russia's latest space agency mission: raising a militia for the war in Ukraine"
1273:
Mars mission, lost in low Earth orbit in 2011 and crashed back to earth in 2012
13129:
12791:
11661:
11550:
11432:
11313:
10973:
10942:
10284:
10151:
9752:
9665:
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9596:
9421:
8968:
8666:
8505:
8169:
8139:
8109:
7909:
7642:
7239:
7160:
7058:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6226:
5888:
4758:
3835:
3718:
2227:
2117:
1997:
1961:
was scheduled to be finished by 2018 having launched its first rocket in 2016.
1850:
845:
6888:
3377:"OneWeb's internet satellites caught in UK-Russia standoff days before launch"
3262:"Роскосмос прекратил испытания двигателей ради кислорода для больниц Воронежа"
2833:ВЗГЛЯД / Российские ученые создали новую технологию для космических телескопов
2832:
734:
13636:
11536:
11461:
11444:
11366:
11325:
11007:
10985:
10118:
10048:
9132:
9123:
8928:
8414:
8221:
8175:
7444:
7207:
4737:
2886:
2320:
2002:
1800:
One of Roscosmos's projects that was widely covered in the media in 2005 was
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908:
889:
672:
658:
630:
583:
566:
554:
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511:
380:
325:
270:
182:
169:
7487:
3491:"Russian space industry seeing trend towards loss reduction - Roscosmos CEO"
3463:"SANCTIONS AND SATELLITES: THE SPACE INDUSTRY AFTER THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR"
1579:
1533:
1488:
13470:
11583:
11578:
11511:
11474:
10721:
9814:
9472:
8594:
8584:
8133:
8121:
7967:
7819:
7618:
7439:
7271:
6567:
3864:
3726:
3539:
2941:"Rogozin: Russia to Consolidate Space Sector into Open Joint Stock Company"
2484:"Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities - The Russian Government"
1897:
1805:
1034:
901:
864:
542:
408:
210:
140:
8537:
3618:
3561:
2853:
2596:
2483:
936:
In June 2021 Rogozin complained that sanctions imposed in the wake of the
13620:
13594:
12700:
11241:
11229:
11217:
11080:
11027:
10807:
10333:
9939:
9833:
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9112:
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7315:
7197:
6729:
6717:
6691:
5797:
4444:
3888:
3678:"NASA Signs $ 44m Deal with Russia for Soyus Rides to ISS – NEWS – MOSN…"
3294:"Правительство расторгнет с Роскосмосом договор о перспективных системах"
1900:
researchers reported that all the geckos had perished during the flight.
1891:. The five geckos, four females and one male, were used as a part of the
1270:
1055:
841:
642:
550:
400:
4738:
Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision
3231:
2597:"Путин подписал указ об упразднении Федерального космического агентства"
1246:
moons as well as an increase in Lunar orbit research satellites to one (
1234:) and no interplanetary probes, as of 2024. Future projects include the
1033:
Rogozin was removed from his job as CEO in July 2022, and replaced with
811:
649:, who had previously served as the first commander of the Space Forces.
452:
11531:
9359:
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
9042:
8661:
8634:
8373:
8335:
8330:
7807:
7406:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7077:
6863:
Scientific Production Association Of Automation And Instrument-Building
6787:
3619:""Роскосмос" сообщил дату запуска следующего российского модуля на МКС"
3293:
3066:
Putin challenges Roscosmos to "drastically improve" on space and launch
2258:
Scientific Production Association Of Automation And Instrument-Building
2017:
1289:
1009:
mission because of the Russian invasion, and British satellite venture
875:, with the specific mission to renationalize the Russian space sector.
610:
570:
505:
388:
3037:"Vladimir Putin just signed a decree to replace Russia's space agency"
2883:"Russia's Space Program in 2006: Some Progress but No Clear Direction"
1061:
In June 2023, Roscosmos held a campaign to recruit volunteers for the
13262:
13226:
12927:
12492:
12106:
11087:
10751:
10614:
9712:
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8244:
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7347:
7320:
7306:
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7180:
7082:
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6934:
6867:
6857:
6847:
6812:
6359:
6323:
6024:
5589:
5203:
4742:
3593:"STS-132: PRCB baselines Atlantis' mission to deliver Russia's MRM-1"
2854:"Building on sand?The Russian ISS segment is to be completed by 2016"
2792:Бюджет на 2013 год предполагает рекордное финансирование космонавтики
2343:
2272:
2262:
2077:
1953:. It has been announced that Russia is to build another spaceport in
1945:
launch facility. Roscosmos and the Space Forces share control of the
1254:
1247:
1231:
718:
561:
479:
472:
467:
333:
217:
9342:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
7847:
3707:"Russia's invasion of Ukraine is redrawing the geopolitics of space"
3345:"Russia's space chief says EU cooperation 'impossible' over Ukraine"
2760:"Oct. 31, 2000, Launch of First Crew to International Space Station"
2680:"Dmitry Rogozin has been dismissed as director general of Roscosmos"
1841:. It is among the largest single dish radio telescopes in the world.
1118:
687:(Roentgen Gamma, launched 2019, one of two telescopes operational),
57:
11289:
11253:
11135:
10483:
9268:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
9057:
8981:
8793:
8393:
8388:
8283:
8239:
8190:
7411:
7396:
7369:
7296:
7291:
7264:
7259:
7185:
7175:
7116:
7001:
6953:
4026:"Russia launches first rocket from new spaceport at second attempt"
2108:
Tsentralnoye Konstruktorskoye Byuro Transportnogo Mashinostroyeniya
1455:
1311:
Currently rocket development encompasses both a new rocket system,
1264:
950:
945:
825:
676:
516:
3214:"Russian Space Chief Says U.S. Sanctions Keep Satellites Grounded"
3006:"Rogozin Outlines Plans for Consolidating Russia's Space Industry"
2277:
Centre for Operation of Space Ground-based Infrastructure (TsENKI)
302:Государственная корпорация по космической деятельности «Роскосмос»
48:Государственная корпорация по космической деятельности «Роскосмос»
12757:
12386:
11349:
11159:
10488:
9556:
8991:
8910:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8226:
8196:
8160:
7391:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7089:
5854:
5483:
4407:
Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring
3154:"China, Russia enter MoU on international lunar research station"
2570:
1276:
1258:
1186:. Roscosmos announced that according to this arrangement, crewed
801:
759:
590:
space station well past its planned lifespan, contributed to the
4743:
Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography
907:
In 2020 Roscosmos under Rogozin reneged on its participation in
11373:
11301:
11265:
11193:
11147:
11111:
11099:
10961:
9727:
9152:
8148:
8115:
8019:
7670:
7626:
4087:
3865:ВЗГЛЯД / Роскосмос начал создание космической системы «Арктика»
1888:
1864:
1818:
1801:
1437:
1091:
From 2024 on Roscosmos headquarters will be located in the new
1051:
1018:
1010:
984:
980:
804:
launch in December 2010. Popovkin is a former commander of the
711:
419:
360:
160:
72:
3911:"Uzbekistan, Russia to sign Suffa observatory completion plan"
3328:"Turmoil Over Ukraine Could Debilitate Russia's Space Program"
13487:
13373:
11397:
11385:
11277:
11205:
11123:
10949:
10604:
10345:
9444:
Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research
9142:
8879:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
8452:
7914:
7569:
7374:
7325:
6773:
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanics
6584:
6470:
3232:"В 2020 году чистая прибыль Роскосмоса сократилась в 42 раза"
3184:"Russia plans to launch own space station after quitting ISS"
2511:""Роскосмосу" разрешили не возвращать в бюджет часть доходов"
2223:
Nauchno-inzhenernyy tsentr elektrotekhnicheskogo universiteta
2053:
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanics
1305:
1043:
893:
6828:
Research and Development Institute of Mechanical Engineering
4519:
Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision
4102:
1887:
containing, among other animals and plants, a group of five
12951:
12693:
12219:
11856:
11409:
11171:
10712:
International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
9346:
6048:
5790:
5316:
4953:
4107:
1813:
1243:
1014:
912:
679:(RadioAstron, launched in July 2011, retired in May 2019),
553:, who had previously worked with designing Mars landers at
3391:"Russia will reportedly leave International Space Station"
852:
More detailed plans released in October 2013 called for a
10374:
9258:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
7991:
7934:
7638:
7589:
3811:"Russia's failed Phobos-Grunt space probe heads to Earth"
3646:"MLM Nauka docks to ISS, malfunctions shortly thereafter"
2851:
2656:"Vladimir Putin abolishes Russian space agency Roscosmos"
1809:
1206:
1173:
Roscosmos is responsible for expedition crew launches by
1126:
module was the first module of the ISS, launched in 1998.
1038:
1026:
587:
528:
4748:
Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science
4142:
2812:"Russian govt agrees 12.5 bln eur 10-yr space programme"
2339:
Ministry of general Machine Building of the Soviet Union
2103:
Osoboye Konstruktorskoye Byuro Protivopozharnoy Tekhniki
1808:
reusable spacecraft. While Roscosmos had reached out to
1754:
being developed by the Russian space industry since the
1296:
rocket that is capable of launching about 7.5 tons into
754:
Priorities of the Russian space program include the new
10826:
International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement
10717:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
9337:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
3131:"Russia skeptical about participating in lunar Gateway"
2901:
462:
Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics
9296:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
7050:
3973:"Russia's Orbiting Sex Experiment Geckos Die In Space"
2193:
Scientific Research Institute of Precision Instruments
1969:
As of 2017, Roscosmos had the following subsidiaries:
1226:
Scientific research on the International Space Station
1030:
now impossible after sanctions over the Ukraine war."
343:
founded in the 1950s, Roscosmos emerged following the
11589:
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
10732:
Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
6803:
Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
4306:
Main Directorate of Special Programs of the President
2852:
Afanasyev, Igor; Dmitri Vorontsov (1 November 2009).
2357:
Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records
2008:
Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
904:
who was terminated in May 2018 in favour of Rogozin.
812:
2013–2016: Reorganization of the Russian space sector
560:
In the early years, the agency suffered from lack of
9386:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
7770:
4574:
Federal Agency for Maritime and River Transportation
4412:
Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources
2648:
2296:
1037:, who seemed to stabilize the relationship with the
867:was dissolved and the Roscosmos brand moved to the
11596:Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
10707:International Space Exploration Coordination Group
9376:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
9354:European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
3995:"Sex geckos die in orbit on Russian space project"
2143:Nauchno-issledovatelskiy Institut Elektromekhaniki
1941:(VKO) in 2015. The Space Forces controls Russia's
1005:(ESA) suspended cooperation with Roscosmos in the
352:, a government corporation, to re-nationalize the
294:State Corporation for Space Activities "Roscosmos"
40:State Corporation for Space Activities "Roscosmos"
10837:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
10697:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
8475:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
4445:Federal Technical Regulation and Metrology Agency
4235:Federal Service of Military-Technical Cooperation
3942:"Russian Space Experiment On Gecko Sex Goes Awry"
3562:"Московский офис Роскосмоса достроят в 2023 году"
3075:, SpaceNews, 20 July 2018, accessed 21 July 2018.
2972:"Rocket failure to lead to space industry reform"
2138:Moskovskiy zavod elektromekhanicheskoy apparatury
1194:flights doubled to 8 per year beginning in 2008.
1177:spacecraft and resupplies the space station with
616:
13634:
11691:
10692:Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
4788:
4240:Federal Service for Technical and Export Control
3680:. Archived from the original on 10 January 2006.
675:(launched in January 2009, lost in April 2010),
636:
10820:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement
9347:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
9221:European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
6918:
4455:Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities
3034:
2877:
2875:
2787:
2785:
2621:
2461:Federalnoye kosmicheskoye agentstvo (Roskosmos)
2427:Rossiyskoye aviatsionno-kosmicheskoye agentstvo
1315:, as well as enhancements of the Soyuz rocket,
391:, the world's first and largest spaceport, and
10104:Re-establishment of the National Space Council
8889:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
8845:European Cooperation for Space Standardization
4363:Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare
3874:. Vz.ru (2012-10-16). Retrieved 2 August 2013.
3590:
2615:
1825:project. As of 2023, no crafts were launched.
1201:for fare-paying passengers to ISS through the
13609:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
11677:
10655:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
10627:Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
9462:Creation of the British National Space Centre
8850:European Space Research and Technology Centre
8760:
8750:
8553:
7756:
7473:
7036:
6904:
6745:
6706:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
4774:
4620:Federal Service for Alcohol Market Regulation
4128:
3506:"Space superpower Russia falls down to earth"
2999:
2997:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2476:
2430:
2213:106 Experimental Optical and Mechanical Plant
1845:"Resurs-P" is a series of Russian commercial
1279:Mars mission, lost in low Earth orbit in 1996
808:and First Deputy Defense Minister of Russia.
796:On 29 April 2011, Perminov was replaced with
46:
8901:European Space Security and Education Centre
4610:Federal Agency for State Property Management
4554:Federal Service for Supervision of Transport
3816:
3762:"Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M – Luna 25 & Others"
3611:
3504:MUNAKATA, AIKO; UNE, YUKIKO (2 March 2024).
2963:
2885:. Moscow Defense Brief. 2006. Archived from
2872:
2782:
2714:Harvey, Brian (2007). "The design bureaus".
1905:Institute of Medical and Biological Problems
1242:, scientific robotic missions to one of the
605:In 1994, Roscosmos renewed the lease on its
448:Patch of the Russian Space Agency, 1991–2004
356:, leading to Roscosmos in its current form.
10742:Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
10702:International Mobile Satellite Organization
10582:Politics of the International Space Station
9217:EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
8567:
3885:"Russia completes its Gonets orbital group"
3637:
3503:
2747:. EURACTIV MEDIA NETWORK BV. 16 March 2023.
2423:Российское авиационно-космическое агентство
1524:Launched from Kourou is called Soyuz ST-A:
1190:flights would be doubled to 4 per year and
1050:India, as well as commercial entrants like
11684:
11670:
10737:Arab Satellite Communications Organization
10727:Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
10074:Development of the Commercial Crew Program
9491:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
8814:European Launcher Development Organisation
8560:
8546:
7763:
7749:
7725:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
7480:
7466:
7043:
7029:
6911:
6897:
6759:
6752:
6738:
4781:
4767:
4135:
4121:
3028:
2994:
2927:
2173:Ispytatelnyy tekhnicheskiy tsentr – NPO PM
1878:
1870:
1573:Launched from Kourou is called Soyuz ST-B
840:in August 2013 to consolidate the Russian
65:
10814:Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space
10660:Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
10600:International Civil Aviation Organization
10142:International Traffic in Arms Regulations
10039:Launch of the Space Launch System program
10034:Cancellation of the Constellation program
8441:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
7720:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
4660:Federal Service for Intellectual Property
4592:Federal Service for Labour and Employment
3339:
3337:
3321:
3319:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2536:Federation, International Astronautical.
1795:
10194:Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
4688:Ministry of Science and Higher Education
4023:
3939:
2969:
2845:
2801:. Spacecorp.ru. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
2739:
2737:
2735:
2716:The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program
1883:On 19 July 2014, Roscosmos launched the
1832:
1261:launched in 2023 crashed onto the moon.
1134:. It contributed the core space modules
1130:Roscosmos is one of the partners in the
1117:
933:) will be constructed starting in 2025.
871:, which had been created in 2013 as the
815:
733:
451:
443:
13663:Government agencies established in 1992
10843:Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol
9965:2002 National missile defense directive
9318:Council of European Aerospace Societies
9200:Western European Union Satellite Centre
6793:Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev
4496:Federal Agency for Press and Mass Media
3970:
3643:
3460:
3420:
3356:
3354:
3003:
2938:
2058:Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev
1686:First reusable methalox Russian rocket
1046:for almost $ 4 billion over six years.
14:
13635:
11616:International Astronautical Federation
10397:
9925:Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
9333:European Committee for Standardization
8945:Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
6823:Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology
4189:Ministry for Affairs of Civil Defence,
3759:
3532:
3461:Grunert, Major Jeremy (10 June 2022).
3416:
3414:
3360:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3123:
3114:
2770:from the original on 18 September 2020
2713:
2698:
2535:
2367:Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"
2178:NPO PM – Maloye Konstruktorskoye Byuro
2033:Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology
1993:Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center
1951:Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center
1219:
1184:Exploration Systems Architecture Study
667:entered a partnership with Roscosmos.
557:, became the agency's first director.
373:Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center
11665:
11611:International Academy of Astronautics
10832:International Docking System Standard
10677:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
10670:International Planetary Data Alliance
10577:International Space Station programme
10299:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
10209:Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
9501:UK Global Navigation Satellite System
9263:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
8940:Space Situational Awareness Programme
8541:
7744:
7495:government human spaceflight programs
7461:
7024:
6892:
6733:
4762:
4584:Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
4116:
4048:
3704:
3658:from the original on 31 December 2021
3572:from the original on 15 February 2022
3454:
3397:
3383:
3369:
3304:from the original on 13 December 2021
3164:from the original on 24 February 2023
3151:
3096:from the original on 25 November 2018
3047:from the original on 31 December 2015
2951:from the original on 14 February 2017
2860:from the original on 28 February 2012
2732:
2636:from the original on 8 September 2016
2603:from the original on 23 February 2020
2517:from the original on 22 February 2022
2503:
2068:Sistemy precizionnogo priborostroenia
1861:projects planned for launch in 2015.
784:maintaining human presence in orbit.
641:In March 2004, the agency's director
498:-type satellite (upper right corner);
430:is the first in the world's history.
13668:Government-owned companies of Russia
11606:Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
9621:Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
8828:European Space Research Organisation
4422:Federal Agency for Mineral Resources
4144:Government of the Russian Federation
3940:Brumfiel, Geoff (2 September 2014).
3512:
3497:
3483:
3469:
3440:
3351:
3274:from the original on 10 October 2021
3242:from the original on 11 October 2021
3206:
3194:from the original on 25 October 2021
3108:
3035:Kelly Dickerson (28 December 2015).
2915:from the original on 24 January 2016
2757:
2622:Avaneesh Pandey (28 December 2015).
2577:from the original on 20 October 2020
2565:
2563:
2548:from the original on 9 February 2022
1607:
1240:Prospective Piloted Transport System
920:International Lunar Research Station
623:Commander William M. (Bill) Shepherd
127:Ministry of General Machine-Building
10465:United Rocket and Space Corporation
10119:Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
9999:Launch of the Constellation program
9723:Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
8485:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
6873:United Rocket and Space Corporation
4005:from the original on 2 January 2020
3846:from the original on 7 October 2019
3836:"Resurs-P remote-sensing satellite"
3599:from the original on 8 October 2016
3411:
2982:from the original on 25 August 2013
2745:"The Brief — The Baikonur face-off"
2718:(1st ed.). Germany: Springer.
2443:), established on 25 May 1999.
2399:Rossiyskoye kosmicheskoye agentstvo
2350:List of Russian aerospace engineers
2013:Strategicheskiye Punkty Upravleniya
1975:United Rocket and Space Corporation
1527:greater load due to lower latitude
1132:International Space Station program
1102:
924:China National Space Administration
873:United Rocket and Space Corporation
830:United Rocket and Space Corporation
350:United Rocket and Space Corporation
24:
11559:Air & Space Forces Association
10199:Antennas & Propagation Society
9407:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
9328:European Civil Aviation Conference
7918:(incorporated into Salyut program)
7573:(incorporated into Salyut program)
6808:Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant
4469:of the Russian Far East and Arctic
4066:from the original on 16 April 2017
4036:from the original on 16 April 2020
4024:Solovyov, Dmitry (28 April 2016).
3971:Nichols, Mary (2 September 2014).
3952:from the original on 22 April 2019
3741:from the original on 13 March 2022
3705:Witze, Alexandra (11 March 2022).
2664:. 28 December 2015. Archived from
2128:Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant
1107:
25:
13699:
10632:General Assembly Fourth Committee
10620:Space Generation Advisory Council
10054:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
9228:EU Agency for the Space Programme
8977:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
8950:Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
8777:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
8719:Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine
6783:Chemical Automatics Design Bureau
4723:Federal Agency for State Reserves
4718:Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
4708:Federal Medical-Biological Agency
4481:Ministry of Digital Development,
4417:Federal Agency of Water Resources
4081:
3921:from the original on 9 March 2022
3760:Baylor, Michael (16 April 2023).
3361:Guenot, Marianne (3 March 2022).
3115:BERGER, ERIC (13 December 2022).
3016:from the original on 10 June 2017
2842:. Vz.ru. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
2686:from the original on 18 July 2022
2560:
2457:Федеральное космическое агентство
2372:List of government space agencies
2073:Chemical Automatics Design Bureau
1914:
1483:To be replaced by the new Angara
938:2014 Russian annexation of Crimea
13688:Science and technology in Russia
13588:
13576:
13564:
13552:
13540:
13528:
13505:
13493:
13481:
13381:
13362:
13335:
13323:
13304:
13292:
13268:
13256:
13244:
13232:
13220:
13197:
13185:
13173:
13159:
13147:
13135:
13123:
13084:
13072:
13060:
13048:
13036:
13024:
13012:
13000:
12988:
12976:
12957:
12945:
12933:
12921:
12909:
12897:
12878:
12866:
12854:
12842:
12830:
12816:
12804:
12711:
12641:
12622:
12603:
12584:
12565:
12546:
12534:
12522:
12510:
12498:
12486:
12463:
12451:
12439:
12427:
12415:
12403:
12380:
12368:
12339:
12327:
12304:
12292:
12268:
12256:
12244:
12232:
12213:
12159:
12136:
12112:
12100:
12043:
12031:
12002:
11990:
11978:
11966:
11954:
11929:
11917:
11905:
11893:
11881:
11862:
11850:
11838:
11804:
11792:
11780:
11768:
11749:
11737:
11621:International Astronomical Union
11443:
11431:
11419:
11408:
11396:
11384:
11372:
11348:
11324:
11312:
11300:
11288:
11276:
11264:
11252:
11240:
11228:
11216:
11204:
11192:
11170:
11158:
11146:
11134:
11122:
11110:
11098:
11086:
10984:
10972:
10960:
10948:
10444:Medvedev modernisation programme
10147:Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
9815:1985 anti-satellite missile test
9479:Space Innovation and Growth Team
9224:European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
8906:European Space Operations Centre
8867:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
8527:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
7846:
6685:
6673:
6661:
6649:
6637:
6625:
6602:
6590:
6578:
6478:
6459:
6432:
6420:
6401:
6389:
6365:
6353:
6341:
6329:
6317:
6294:
6282:
6270:
6256:
6244:
6232:
6220:
6181:
6169:
6157:
6145:
6133:
6121:
6109:
6097:
6085:
6073:
6054:
6042:
6030:
6018:
6006:
5994:
5975:
5963:
5951:
5939:
5927:
5913:
5901:
5808:
5738:
5719:
5700:
5681:
5662:
5643:
5631:
5619:
5607:
5595:
5583:
5560:
5548:
5536:
5524:
5512:
5500:
5477:
5465:
5436:
5424:
5401:
5389:
5365:
5353:
5341:
5329:
5310:
5256:
5233:
5209:
5197:
5140:
5128:
5099:
5087:
5075:
5063:
5051:
5026:
5014:
5002:
4990:
4978:
4959:
4947:
4935:
4901:
4889:
4877:
4865:
4846:
4834:
4728:Federal Agency for Youth Affairs
4650:Federal State Statistics Service
4179:Police of the Russian Federation
4160:
4086:
3625:from the original on 3 June 2020
3421:Ivanova, Polina (16 June 2023).
3004:Messier, Doug (9 October 2013).
2939:Messier, Doug (30 August 2013).
2911:. The Moscow Times. 3 May 2011.
2395:Российское космическое агентство
2313:
2299:
1828:
1214:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1146:and later were joined by NASA's
820:2022 alternate logo of Roscosmos
383:. Its launch facilities include
265:
264:
125:(1955–1991) (in the form of the
56:
10870:Astronomical naming conventions
9795:Strategy of Technology doctrine
9567:Establishment of Cape Canaveral
9485:Creation of the UK Space Agency
8935:European Space Policy Institute
8895:European Space Astronomy Centre
8490:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
6878:Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant
4191:Emergencies and Disaster Relief
4017:
3987:
3964:
3933:
3903:
3877:
3858:
3833:
3827:
3804:
3779:
3753:
3698:
3670:
3591:Chris Gebhardt (9 April 2009).
3584:
3554:
3533:Berger, Eric (15 August 2024).
3526:
3286:
3270:(in Russian). 10 October 2021.
3254:
3224:
3176:
3145:
3078:
3059:
2826:
2804:
2758:Loff, Sarah (28 October 2015).
2751:
2672:
2123:Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant
1964:
1086:
967:
931:Russian Orbital Service Station
844:sector. Deputy Prime Minister
721:(launched in January 2011) and
576:
345:dissolution of the Soviet Union
11601:British Interplanetary Society
11564:Alliance for Space Development
10687:Global Standards Collaboration
10610:Office for Outer Space Affairs
10137:China exclusion policy of NASA
9805:Space Station Freedom proposal
9718:Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
8788:Planetary Exploration of China
8612:Planetary protection principle
7423:Cancelled (no launch attempts)
4437:Ministry of Industry and Trade
4397:Ministry of Natural Resources
4296:Special Communications Service
3644:Harding, Pete (29 July 2021).
3326:SKIBBA, RAMIN (4 March 2022).
3152:Jones, Andrew (9 March 2021).
2970:Nilolaev, Ivan (3 July 2013).
2818:. 15 July 2005. Archived from
2589:
2529:
2446:
2412:
2384:
1571:Capable of human spaceflight.
1522:Capable of human spaceflight.
1326:
1267:Venus lander, planned for 2029
1142:, which were both launched by
1075:In February 2024, at the 2023
691:(Ultra Violet, planned 2030),
617:2000: Start of ISS cooperation
395:, which is being built in the
359:Roscosmos is headquartered in
13:
1:
13673:Organizations based in Moscow
13653:1992 establishments in Russia
10784:US-USSR Cooperation Agreement
10114:Launch of the Artemis program
10044:Redesign of the Orion program
9960:Aerospace Industry Commission
9656:Launch of the Mariner program
9381:European Southern Observatory
9081:Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)
8436:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
7730:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
4655:Federal Accreditation Service
4569:Federal Rail Transport Agency
4491:Federal Communications Agency
4483:Communications and Mass Media
2909:"Space Agency Chief Replaced"
2856:. Russia & CIS Observer.
2470:
1839:Galenki RT-70 radio telescope
998:space cargo delivery system.
987:engine which is used for the
637:2004–2006: Improved situation
110:(as the Russian Space Agency)
11693:Public-sector space agencies
10865:Extraterrestrial real estate
10405:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
10305:Soviet crewed lunar programs
10214:Vehicular Technology Society
10204:Broadcast Technology Society
9979:Vision for Space Exploration
9896:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
9854:Space Exploration Initiative
9800:Strategic Defense Initiative
9753:Launch of the Viking program
9666:Launch of the Apollo program
9661:Launch of the Gemini project
9513:Defence in a Competitive Age
9450:Start of the Ariel programme
9364:European Patent Organisation
7976:Soviet crewed lunar programs
6853:Progress Rocket Space Centre
6818:Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau
4790:Public-sector space agencies
4713:Federal Antimonopoly Service
4559:Federal Air Transport Agency
4467:Ministry for the Development
4341:Offices subordinated to the
4316:Directorate of the President
4311:Federal Financial Monitoring
4281:Foreign Intelligence Service
4258:Federal Penitentiary Service
4171:Ministry of Internal Affairs
4152:Offices subordinated to the
3133:. SPACENEWS. 12 October 2020
2629:International Business Times
2362:International Space Olympics
2133:Miass Machine-Building Plant
2083:Tekhnicheskiy Tsentr Novator
2048:Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau
1988:Progress Rocket Space Centre
1847:Earth observation satellites
1772:Progress Rocket Space Centre
1730:Progress Rocket Space Centre
1697:Progress Rocket Space Centre
1585:Progress Rocket Space Centre
1539:Progress Rocket Space Centre
1494:Progress Rocket Space Centre
878:
775:Space station funding issues
729:
304:), commonly known simply as
7:
10682:Group on Earth Observations
10665:Committee on Space Research
10109:Creation of the Space Force
10029:Kennedy Space Center speech
9672:We choose to go to the Moon
9603:Introduction to Outer Space
9323:European Broadcasting Union
8036:International Space Station
4427:Federal Agency for Forestry
4209:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3813:, BBC News, 14 January 2012
3119:. Condé Nast. Ars Technica.
2976:Russia Behind The Headlines
2431:
2292:
1257:Moon orbiters and landers,
1067:Russian invasion of Ukraine
974:Russian invasion of Ukraine
781:International Space Station
592:International Space Station
476:(a ball under the ceiling);
18:Roscosmos State Corporation
10:
13704:
13678:Russian state corporations
11631:Space Exploration Alliance
10860:Common heritage of mankind
10778:Space Liability Convention
10550:North Korean space program
10476:2015 Creation of Roscosmos
9940:Launch of the X-37 program
9790:Citizens' Advisory Council
8884:European Data Relay System
8855:Concurrent Design Facility
8600:Space Debris Working Group
4524:Federal Agency for Fishery
4326:Security Council of Russia
4291:Federal Protective Service
4199:Russian State Fire Service
4158:
3719:10.1038/d41586-022-00727-x
1918:
1752:super-heavy launch vehicle
1715:Base of the SHLLV Yenisei
1283:
1223:
1111:
1095:in the Moscow district of
900:, under the leadership of
437:
433:
29:
13658:Companies based in Moscow
13603:
13520:
13396:
13354:
13212:
12790:
12672:
12665:
12478:
12395:
12319:
12151:
12092:
12076:
12069:
11944:
11830:
11823:
11729:
11706:
11699:
11574:Space Frontier Foundation
11549:
11460:
11069:
11060:
11001:Launch market competition
10933:
10750:
10640:
10592:
10572:Ugandan space initiatives
10507:
10457:
10436:
10388:
10367:
10320:
10272:
10248:
10235:
10228:
10132:
10092:
10012:
9948:
9877:
9842:
9778:
9761:
9736:
9701:
9681:
9644:
9626:Launch of Project Mercury
9575:
9533:
9524:
9432:
9394:
9286:
9190:
9122:
9080:
9004:
8923:Ariane launcher programme
8862:European Astronaut Centre
8820:Europa launcher programme
8804:
8761:
8751:
8707:
8652:
8640:The Spaceguard Foundation
8575:
8516:
8423:
8407:
8356:
8302:
8253:
8209:
8090:
8079:
8059:
8028:
7960:
7892:
7881:
7855:
7844:
7795:
7782:
7707:
7608:
7547:
7531:
7500:
7422:
7153:
7127:
7065:
6973:
6946:
6927:
6768:
6700:
6617:
6493:
6451:
6309:
5887:
5769:
5762:
5575:
5492:
5416:
5248:
5189:
5173:
5166:
5041:
4927:
4920:
4826:
4803:
4796:
4698:
4686:
4668:
4638:
4600:
4582:
4544:
4532:
4509:
4479:
4465:
4453:
4435:
4395:
4383:
4371:
4353:
4339:
4271:
4248:
4225:
4207:
4187:
4169:
4150:
3690:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2456:
2440:
2422:
2406:
2394:
2203:NPO Izmeritelnoy Tekhniki
1931:United States Space Force
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1555:4.900 to SSO from Kourou
1513:4.230 to SSO from Kourou
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
569:was rather a function of
313:
301:
277:
260:
252:
244:
216:
206:
198:
156:
146:
136:
115:
93:
85:
80:
64:
55:
47:
44:
11527:Reconnaissance satellite
10900:International Designator
10567:Philippine space program
10515:Australian space program
10167:Office of Space Commerce
10157:House Committee on Space
10069:Space Shuttle retirement
10024:2009 Augustine Committee
9859:1990 Augustine Committee
9005:Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)
8590:Space traffic management
8522:Space industry of Russia
4699:Governmental committees,
4347:Prime Minister of Russia
4321:National Guard of Russia
4286:Federal Security Service
4100:(In Russian and English)
3870:22 November 2018 at the
3071:24 February 2023 at the
2377:
1955:Tsiolkovsky, Amur Oblast
1939:Aerospace Defense Forces
1292:, commonly known as the
1001:In late March 2022, the
940:were hurting Roscosmos.
354:space industry of Russia
13648:Space program of Russia
11641:Space Force Association
11626:Lunar Explorers Society
10796:Registration Convention
10760:Partial Test Ban Treaty
10641:Other intergovernmental
10555:Pakistani space program
10520:Brazilian space program
9890:Faster, better, cheaper
9693:1967 Outer Space Treaty
9496:Space Industry Act 2018
9273:European Defence Agency
8929:Vega launcher programme
8872:Living Planet Programme
8595:Space debris management
8569:Politics of outer space
8044:Russian Orbital Segment
7647:Martian Piloted Complex
7521:Russian Orbital Segment
6798:Keldysh Research Center
4615:Federal Customs Service
4511:Ministry of Agriculture
4331:Federal Archival Agency
4263:Federal Bailiff Service
4103:Roscosmos official site
3595:. NASAspaceflight.com.
2233:Keldysh Research Center
2113:NII komandnykh priborov
1879:Gecko mating experiment
1871:Suffa Space Observatory
1197:Roscosmos has provided
1114:Russian Orbital Segment
717:New weather satellites
625:of NASA and cosmonauts
609:with the government of
594:, and continued to fly
11569:National Space Society
11470:Space domain awareness
10643:or inter-agency bodies
10545:Lebanese space program
10530:Japanese space program
10471:2014 Military doctrine
10449:2010 Military doctrine
9869:National Space Council
9864:Hubble Space Telescope
9636:Launch of X-15 program
9557:Aerobee rocket program
9507:2021 Integrated Review
9369:European Patent Office
9289:initiatives and bodies
8679:Billionaire space race
8605:Space Debris Committee
7715:List of Soyuz missions
4272:Presidential Services
2838:6 October 2013 at the
2538:"IAF : ROSCOSMOS"
2334:Russian space industry
2329:American space program
2023:Salavat Chemical Plant
1842:
1796:New piloted spacecraft
1631:Planned maiden flight
1127:
1013:signed contracts with
960:In December 2021, the
821:
743:
742:on EVA (February 2012)
671:New science missions:
533:
449:
367:in the nearby city of
365:Mission Control Center
99:; 32 years ago
27:Space agency of Russia
11651:The Planetary Society
11480:Anti-satellite weapon
10875:ITU Radio Regulations
10525:Emirati space program
10256:Operation Osoaviakhim
10124:Executive Order 13959
10004:Operation Burnt Frost
9935:Decadal Planning Team
9417:Indian ASAT programme
9412:Space Activities Bill
8834:European Space Agency
8806:ESA Science Programme
8617:Post-detection policy
7776:Russian space program
6778:Arsenal Design Bureau
4701:services and agencies
4678:Federal Energy Agency
4640:Ministry of Economic
4546:Ministry of Transport
4385:Ministry of Education
4301:State Courier Service
4108:Russian Space Program
4095:at Wikimedia Commons
3238:. 30 September 2021.
2661:The Financial Express
2253:NII Mashinostroyeniya
2238:Arsenal Design Bureau
2063:Russian Space Systems
1836:
1121:
1093:National Space Center
1003:European Space Agency
819:
737:
664:The Planetary Society
524:modular space station
455:
447:
424:National Space Centre
339:Originating from the
330:cosmonautics programs
183:55.78389°N 37.63056°E
97:25 February 1992
13615:Soviet space program
11073:units and formations
11043:Project Harvest Moon
10790:Satellite Convention
10650:African Space Agency
10560:Space programme 2040
10540:Kenyan space program
10535:Kazakh space program
9468:Outer Space Act 1986
9456:Black Arrow launcher
9239:Copernicus programme
9212:EU/ESA Space Council
8840:EU/ESA Space Council
8731:Chinese ASAT program
7838:Vostochny Cosmodrome
6712:Soviet space program
4343:Government of Russia
4001:. 2 September 2014.
3823:www.flightglobal.com
3568:. 15 February 2022.
3330:. Condé Nast. Wired.
2797:9 March 2016 at the
2599:. 28 December 2015.
2489:Government of Russia
2429:, commonly known as
2158:NPP Geofizika-Kosmos
1959:Vostochny Cosmodrome
1927:Russian Space Forces
1921:Russian Space Forces
1549:2.400 from Baikonur
1543:8.200 from Baikonur
1308:and other Stations.
1154:was launched aboard
1065:, a militia for the
962:Government of Russia
806:Russian Space Forces
756:Angara rocket family
538:Soviet space program
482:(lower-left corner);
440:Soviet space program
393:Vostochny Cosmodrome
341:Soviet space program
231:Vostochny Cosmodrome
151:Government of Russia
123:Soviet space program
32:Soviet space program
12765:Guiana Space Centre
11507:Kinetic bombardment
11033:Space manufacturing
11023:Space-based economy
10996:Private spaceflight
10416:Shuttle–Mir program
9984:Aldridge Commission
9906:Shuttle–Mir program
9614:Space Act Agreement
9545:Operation Paperclip
9402:Department of Space
9395:Indian space policy
9278:Europe by Satellite
9206:EU Satellite Centre
8918:Guiana Space Centre
8662:Cold War space race
8580:Spacefaring nations
8463:Veterok and Ugolyok
7830:Svobodny Cosmodrome
7825:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
7803:Baikonur Cosmodrome
6921:space observatories
5862:Guiana Space Centre
4625:Federal Tax Service
4602:Ministry of Finance
4564:Federal Road Agency
4373:Ministry of Culture
4250:Ministry of Justice
4227:Ministry of Defence
4154:President of Russia
3917:. 16 October 2018.
3465:. WAR ON THE ROCKS.
3300:. 8 December 2021.
1947:Baikonur Cosmodrome
1943:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
1220:Scientific programs
836:corporation by the
607:Baikonur cosmodrome
407:since July 2022 is
385:Baikonur Cosmodrome
236:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
226:Baikonur Cosmodrome
179: /
41:
11522:Military satellite
11360:Ranks and insignia
10855:Space jurisdiction
10802:Bogota Declaration
10766:Outer Space Treaty
10262:list of scientists
9550:list of scientists
9192:EU Space Programme
8509:(1997 documentary)
8501:(1995 documentary)
8498:Out of the Present
8431:List of cosmonauts
8408:Images and artwork
8348:Deep Space Network
7995:(Mars/Venus flyby)
6962:Mikhailo Lomonosov
4670:Ministry of Energy
4355:Ministry of Health
3983:on 6 October 2014.
3977:Design & Trend
2668:on 1 January 2016.
2513:. 2 October 2020.
2307:Spaceflight portal
2183:NPO PM – Razvitiye
1885:Foton-M4 satellite
1843:
1675:12.500 expendable
1626:Payload mass (kg)
1551:3.250 from Kourou
1545:9.000 from Kourou
1510:2.810 from Kourou
1345:Payload mass (kg)
1128:
854:re-nationalization
822:
744:
534:
450:
322:Russian Federation
218:Primary spaceports
188:55.78389; 37.63056
39:
13630:
13629:
13350:
13349:
12661:
12660:
12065:
12064:
11947:and the Caribbean
11819:
11818:
11659:
11658:
11545:
11544:
11537:Satellite jamming
11013:Space advertising
10503:
10502:
10499:
10498:
10384:
10383:
10224:
10223:
9844:George H. W. Bush
9313:Council of Europe
9234:Galileo programme
9186:
9185:
9173:Comet Interceptor
8699:Space competition
8535:
8534:
8458:Belka and Strelka
8448:Soviet space dogs
8310:Sputnik programme
8298:
8297:
8231:
8186:
8165:
8144:
8075:
8074:
8040:
7996:
7988:
7980:
7972:
7944:
7931:
7919:
7883:Human spaceflight
7834:
7811:
7738:
7737:
7599:
7586:
7574:
7517:
7455:
7454:
7018:
7017:
6886:
6885:
6727:
6726:
6447:
6446:
5758:
5757:
5162:
5161:
5044:and the Caribbean
4916:
4915:
4756:
4755:
4534:Ministry of Sport
4091:Media related to
3190:. 21 April 2021.
2889:on 27 August 2007
2725:978-0-387-71354-0
1935:Russian Air Force
1793:
1792:
1669:KB Khimavtomatika
1608:Under development
1605:
1604:
1596:28 December 2013
1565:27 December 2006
1445:23 December 2014
955:COVID-19 pandemic
869:state corporation
798:Vladimir Popovkin
792:2011 New director
486:human spaceflight
318:state corporation
290:
289:
199:Official language
16:(Redirected from
13695:
13613:Preceded by the
13593:
13592:
13591:
13581:
13580:
13579:
13569:
13568:
13567:
13557:
13556:
13555:
13545:
13544:
13543:
13533:
13532:
13531:
13510:
13509:
13508:
13498:
13497:
13496:
13486:
13485:
13484:
13386:
13385:
13384:
13367:
13366:
13365:
13340:
13339:
13338:
13328:
13327:
13326:
13309:
13308:
13307:
13297:
13296:
13295:
13273:
13272:
13271:
13261:
13260:
13259:
13249:
13248:
13247:
13237:
13236:
13235:
13225:
13224:
13223:
13202:
13201:
13200:
13190:
13189:
13188:
13178:
13177:
13176:
13164:
13163:
13162:
13152:
13151:
13150:
13140:
13139:
13138:
13128:
13127:
13126:
13089:
13088:
13087:
13077:
13076:
13075:
13065:
13064:
13063:
13053:
13052:
13051:
13041:
13040:
13039:
13029:
13028:
13027:
13017:
13016:
13015:
13005:
13004:
13003:
12993:
12992:
12991:
12981:
12980:
12979:
12962:
12961:
12960:
12950:
12949:
12948:
12938:
12937:
12936:
12926:
12925:
12924:
12914:
12913:
12912:
12902:
12901:
12900:
12883:
12882:
12881:
12871:
12870:
12869:
12859:
12858:
12857:
12847:
12846:
12845:
12835:
12834:
12833:
12821:
12820:
12819:
12809:
12808:
12807:
12716:
12715:
12714:
12670:
12669:
12646:
12645:
12644:
12627:
12626:
12625:
12608:
12607:
12606:
12589:
12588:
12587:
12570:
12569:
12568:
12551:
12550:
12549:
12539:
12538:
12537:
12527:
12526:
12525:
12515:
12514:
12513:
12503:
12502:
12501:
12491:
12490:
12489:
12468:
12467:
12466:
12456:
12455:
12454:
12444:
12443:
12442:
12432:
12431:
12430:
12420:
12419:
12418:
12408:
12407:
12406:
12385:
12384:
12383:
12373:
12372:
12371:
12344:
12343:
12342:
12332:
12331:
12330:
12309:
12308:
12307:
12297:
12296:
12295:
12273:
12272:
12271:
12261:
12260:
12259:
12249:
12248:
12247:
12237:
12236:
12235:
12218:
12217:
12216:
12164:
12163:
12162:
12141:
12140:
12139:
12117:
12116:
12115:
12105:
12104:
12103:
12074:
12073:
12048:
12047:
12046:
12036:
12035:
12034:
12007:
12006:
12005:
11995:
11994:
11993:
11983:
11982:
11981:
11971:
11970:
11969:
11959:
11958:
11957:
11934:
11933:
11932:
11922:
11921:
11920:
11910:
11909:
11908:
11898:
11897:
11896:
11886:
11885:
11884:
11867:
11866:
11865:
11855:
11854:
11853:
11843:
11842:
11841:
11828:
11827:
11809:
11808:
11807:
11797:
11796:
11795:
11785:
11784:
11783:
11773:
11772:
11771:
11754:
11753:
11752:
11742:
11741:
11740:
11704:
11703:
11686:
11679:
11672:
11663:
11662:
11646:Space Foundation
11636:Space Fellowship
11448:
11447:
11436:
11435:
11423:
11413:
11412:
11401:
11400:
11389:
11388:
11377:
11376:
11353:
11352:
11329:
11328:
11317:
11316:
11305:
11304:
11293:
11292:
11281:
11280:
11269:
11268:
11257:
11256:
11245:
11244:
11233:
11232:
11221:
11220:
11209:
11208:
11197:
11196:
11175:
11174:
11163:
11162:
11151:
11150:
11139:
11138:
11127:
11126:
11115:
11114:
11103:
11102:
11091:
11090:
11067:
11066:
11018:Space technology
10989:
10988:
10977:
10976:
10965:
10964:
10953:
10952:
10895:COSPAR standards
10772:Rescue Agreement
10395:
10394:
10246:
10245:
10233:
10232:
9592:Project Vanguard
9531:
9530:
9002:
9001:
8987:Aurora programme
8973:Mars and beyond
8764:
8763:
8754:
8753:
8725:Shuguang program
8694:Space propaganda
8621:Asteroid impact
8562:
8555:
8548:
8539:
8538:
8480:Cosmonauts Alley
8343:Luch (satellite)
8229:
8201:
8184:
8163:
8142:
8088:
8087:
8038:
7994:
7986:
7978:
7970:
7942:
7929:
7917:
7890:
7889:
7850:
7832:
7805:
7765:
7758:
7751:
7742:
7741:
7696:Space Stations:
7636:Interplanetary:
7597:
7584:
7572:
7515:
7482:
7475:
7468:
7459:
7458:
7045:
7038:
7031:
7022:
7021:
7006:
6998:
6985:
6966:
6958:
6939:
6913:
6906:
6899:
6890:
6889:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6731:
6730:
6710:Preceded by the
6690:
6689:
6688:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6406:
6405:
6404:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6322:
6321:
6320:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6011:
6010:
6009:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5944:
5943:
5942:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5767:
5766:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5171:
5170:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4925:
4924:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4801:
4800:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4760:
4759:
4630:Federal Treasury
4345:, headed by the
4274:and Directorates
4164:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4114:
4113:
4101:
4090:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3979:. Archived from
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3891:on 8 August 2016
3887:. Archived from
3881:
3875:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3831:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3766:Next Spaceflight
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3681:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3347:. 25 March 2022.
3341:
3332:
3331:
3323:
3314:
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3258:
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2899:
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2755:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2730:
2729:
2711:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2682:. 15 July 2022.
2676:
2670:
2669:
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2646:
2645:
2643:
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2619:
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2610:
2608:
2593:
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2567:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2542:www.iafastro.org
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2408:
2396:
2388:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
1756:fall of the USSR
1703:15.500 uncrewed
1673:10.500 reusable
1612:
1611:
1516:8 November 2004
1331:
1330:
1203:Space Adventures
1159:
1103:Current programs
989:Northrop Grumman
832:was formed as a
740:Anton Shkaplerov
695:(planned 2030),
647:Anatoly Perminov
645:was replaced by
458:Space Technology
397:Russian Far East
363:, with its main
324:responsible for
315:
303:
286:
268:
267:
194:
193:
191:
190:
189:
184:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
116:Preceding agency
111:
107:
105:
100:
71:Headquarters in
69:
60:
51:
50:
49:
42:
38:
21:
13703:
13702:
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11991:
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11906:
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11894:
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11849:
11839:
11837:
11815:
11805:
11803:
11793:
11791:
11781:
11779:
11769:
11767:
11750:
11748:
11738:
11736:
11725:
11708:
11695:
11690:
11660:
11655:
11541:
11517:Missile defense
11456:
11442:
11430:
11407:
11395:
11383:
11371:
11347:
11323:
11311:
11299:
11287:
11275:
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11239:
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11203:
11191:
11169:
11157:
11145:
11133:
11121:
11109:
11097:
11085:
11072:
11056:
11050:Asteroid mining
11038:Lunar resources
10983:
10971:
10959:
10947:
10929:
10922:ISECG standards
10885:ODCWG standards
10880:CCSDS standards
10849:Artemis Accords
10746:
10642:
10636:
10588:
10495:
10453:
10432:
10380:
10363:
10316:
10311:Voskhod program
10280:Sputnik program
10268:
10240:
10238:
10229:USSR and Russia
10220:
10128:
10095:
10088:
10015:
10008:
9951:
9944:
9880:
9873:
9845:
9838:
9781:
9774:
9764:
9757:
9739:
9732:
9704:
9697:
9684:
9677:
9647:
9640:
9578:
9571:
9536:
9526:US space policy
9520:
9436:space programme
9435:
9428:
9390:
9288:
9282:
9249:EUSST programme
9244:EGNOS programme
9182:
9118:
9107:LISA Pathfinder
9076:
9018:Cassini–Huygens
9000:
8911:ESTRACK network
8800:
8783:Mars and beyond
8710:
8703:
8648:
8571:
8566:
8536:
8531:
8512:
8419:
8415:Mission patches
8403:
8352:
8294:
8249:
8205:
8199:
8083:
8071:
8055:
8024:
7956:
7885:
7877:
7856:Launch vehicles
7851:
7842:
7791:
7778:
7769:
7739:
7734:
7703:
7679:Tupolev Tu-2000
7604:
7543:
7527:
7496:
7486:
7456:
7451:
7418:
7149:
7123:
7061:
7059:launch vehicles
7049:
7019:
7014:
7004:
6996:
6983:
6969:
6964:
6956:
6942:
6937:
6923:
6917:
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6764:
6758:
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5902:
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5807:
5754:
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5701:
5699:
5682:
5680:
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5630:
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5618:
5608:
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5535:
5525:
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5511:
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5425:
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5412:
5402:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5366:
5364:
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5352:
5342:
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5330:
5328:
5311:
5309:
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5255:
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5232:
5210:
5208:
5198:
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4958:
4948:
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4936:
4934:
4912:
4902:
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4888:
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4847:
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4835:
4833:
4822:
4805:
4792:
4787:
4757:
4752:
4700:
4694:
4682:
4664:
4641:
4634:
4596:
4578:
4540:
4528:
4505:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4449:
4431:
4399:and Environment
4398:
4391:
4379:
4367:
4349:
4335:
4273:
4267:
4244:
4221:
4203:
4190:
4183:
4165:
4156:
4146:
4141:
4099:
4084:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4037:
4022:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3969:
3965:
3955:
3953:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3872:Wayback Machine
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3840:RussianSpaceWeb
3832:
3828:
3821:
3817:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3768:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3742:
3703:
3699:
3683:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3651:NASASpaceFlight
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3531:
3527:
3522:. 4 March 2024.
3518:
3517:
3513:
3502:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3459:
3455:
3450:. 2 April 2022.
3446:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3427:Financial Times
3419:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3379:. 2 March 2022.
3375:
3374:
3370:
3359:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3324:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3292:
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3287:
3277:
3275:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3073:Wayback Machine
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3002:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2937:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2850:
2846:
2840:Wayback Machine
2831:
2827:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2799:Wayback Machine
2790:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2756:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2733:
2726:
2712:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2451:
2447:
2417:
2413:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2290:
1967:
1923:
1917:
1881:
1873:
1831:
1798:
1610:
1355:Total launches
1329:
1298:low Earth orbit
1286:
1238:successor, the
1228:
1222:
1155:
1116:
1110:
1108:ISS involvement
1105:
1089:
970:
881:
814:
732:
654:Russian economy
639:
627:Sergei Krikalev
619:
579:
521:
509:
499:
493:
483:
477:
465:
442:
436:
428:Astronaut Corps
284:
240:
187:
185:
181:
178:
173:
170:
168:
166:
165:
164:
132:
109:
108:
103:
101:
98:
81:Agency overview
76:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13701:
13691:
13690:
13685:
13683:Space agencies
13680:
13675:
13670:
13665:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13645:
13628:
13627:
13625:
13624:
13617:
13611:
13604:
13601:
13600:
13598:
13597:
13585:
13573:
13561:
13549:
13537:
13524:
13522:
13518:
13517:
13515:
13514:
13502:
13490:
13478:
13473:
13468:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13433:
13428:
13423:
13422:
13421:
13411:
13406:
13400:
13398:
13394:
13393:
13391:
13390:
13378:
13377:
13376:
13358:
13356:
13352:
13351:
13348:
13347:
13345:
13344:
13332:
13320:
13319:
13318:
13301:
13289:
13288:
13287:
13282:
13265:
13253:
13241:
13229:
13216:
13214:
13210:
13209:
13207:
13206:
13194:
13182:
13170:
13169:
13168:
13144:
13132:
13120:
13119:
13118:
13113:
13108:
13103:
13098:
13081:
13069:
13057:
13045:
13033:
13021:
13009:
12997:
12985:
12973:
12972:
12971:
12954:
12942:
12930:
12918:
12906:
12894:
12893:
12892:
12875:
12863:
12851:
12839:
12827:
12826:
12825:
12800:
12798:
12788:
12787:
12785:
12784:
12779:
12774:
12769:
12768:
12767:
12762:
12761:
12760:
12750:
12745:
12740:
12735:
12730:
12725:
12708:
12703:
12698:
12697:
12696:
12686:
12676:
12674:
12667:
12663:
12662:
12659:
12658:
12656:
12655:
12638:
12637:
12636:
12619:
12618:
12617:
12600:
12599:
12598:
12581:
12580:
12579:
12562:
12561:
12560:
12543:
12531:
12519:
12507:
12495:
12482:
12480:
12476:
12475:
12473:
12472:
12460:
12448:
12436:
12424:
12412:
12399:
12397:
12396:Southeast Asia
12393:
12392:
12390:
12389:
12377:
12365:
12364:
12363:
12358:
12353:
12336:
12323:
12321:
12317:
12316:
12314:
12313:
12301:
12289:
12288:
12287:
12282:
12265:
12253:
12241:
12229:
12228:
12227:
12210:
12209:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12197:
12196:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12173:
12155:
12153:
12149:
12148:
12146:
12145:
12133:
12132:
12131:
12126:
12109:
12096:
12094:
12090:
12089:
12087:
12086:
12080:
12078:
12071:
12067:
12066:
12063:
12062:
12060:
12059:
12058:
12057:
12040:
12028:
12027:
12026:
12021:
12016:
11999:
11987:
11975:
11963:
11950:
11948:
11942:
11941:
11939:
11938:
11926:
11914:
11902:
11890:
11878:
11877:
11876:
11859:
11847:
11834:
11832:
11825:
11821:
11820:
11817:
11816:
11814:
11813:
11801:
11789:
11777:
11765:
11764:
11763:
11746:
11733:
11731:
11727:
11726:
11724:
11723:
11718:
11712:
11710:
11701:
11697:
11696:
11689:
11688:
11681:
11674:
11666:
11657:
11656:
11654:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11598:
11593:
11592:
11591:
11586:
11581:
11576:
11571:
11561:
11555:
11553:
11551:Space advocacy
11547:
11546:
11543:
11542:
11540:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11503:
11502:
11497:
11492:
11487:
11477:
11472:
11466:
11464:
11458:
11457:
11455:
11454:
11453:
11452:
11440:
11438:United Kingdom
11428:
11417:
11405:
11393:
11381:
11367:Space commands
11364:
11363:
11362:
11357:
11345:
11344:
11343:
11338:
11321:
11319:United Kingdom
11309:
11297:
11285:
11273:
11261:
11249:
11237:
11225:
11213:
11201:
11189:
11188:
11187:
11182:
11167:
11155:
11143:
11131:
11119:
11107:
11095:
11077:
11075:
11064:
11062:Militarisation
11058:
11057:
11055:
11054:
11053:
11052:
11047:
11046:
11045:
11035:
11030:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11004:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10981:
10979:United Kingdom
10969:
10957:
10943:Space industry
10939:
10937:
10935:Commercial use
10931:
10930:
10928:
10927:
10924:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10908:
10907:
10905:IPDA standards
10902:
10892:
10890:CEOS standards
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10846:
10840:
10834:
10829:
10823:
10817:
10811:
10805:
10799:
10793:
10787:
10781:
10775:
10769:
10763:
10756:
10754:
10748:
10747:
10745:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10673:
10672:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10646:
10644:
10638:
10637:
10635:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10623:
10622:
10617:
10607:
10602:
10596:
10594:
10593:United Nations
10590:
10589:
10587:
10586:
10585:
10584:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10563:
10562:
10552:
10547:
10542:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10517:
10511:
10509:
10508:Other policies
10505:
10504:
10501:
10500:
10497:
10496:
10494:
10493:
10492:
10491:
10486:
10484:MARS-500 study
10478:
10473:
10468:
10461:
10459:
10455:
10454:
10452:
10451:
10446:
10440:
10438:
10434:
10433:
10431:
10430:
10429:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10407:
10401:
10399:
10392:
10386:
10385:
10382:
10381:
10379:
10378:
10371:
10369:
10365:
10364:
10362:
10361:
10355:
10349:
10343:
10340:Salyut program
10337:
10331:
10324:
10322:
10318:
10317:
10315:
10314:
10308:
10302:
10296:
10293:Vostok program
10290:
10289:
10288:
10285:Sputnik crisis
10276:
10274:
10270:
10269:
10267:
10266:
10265:
10264:
10252:
10250:
10243:
10230:
10226:
10225:
10222:
10221:
10219:
10218:
10217:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10170:
10169:
10159:
10154:
10152:Budget of NASA
10149:
10144:
10139:
10133:
10130:
10129:
10127:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10100:
10098:
10090:
10089:
10087:
10086:
10084:2015 Space Act
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10020:
10018:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9970:Space Shuttle
9967:
9962:
9956:
9954:
9950:George W. Bush
9946:
9945:
9943:
9942:
9937:
9932:
9930:1998 Space Act
9927:
9922:
9921:
9920:
9919:
9918:
9908:
9898:
9893:
9885:
9883:
9875:
9874:
9872:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9850:
9848:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9820:Space Shuttle
9817:
9812:
9810:1984 Space Act
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9786:
9784:
9776:
9775:
9773:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9759:
9758:
9756:
9755:
9750:
9744:
9742:
9734:
9733:
9731:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9709:
9707:
9699:
9698:
9696:
9695:
9689:
9687:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9675:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9652:
9650:
9642:
9641:
9639:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9617:
9616:
9606:
9599:
9597:Sputnik crisis
9594:
9589:
9583:
9581:
9573:
9572:
9570:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9553:
9552:
9541:
9539:
9528:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9518:
9517:
9516:
9504:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9482:
9476:
9470:
9465:
9459:
9453:
9447:
9440:
9438:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9425:
9424:
9422:Mission Shakti
9414:
9409:
9404:
9398:
9396:
9392:
9391:
9389:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9372:
9371:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9350:
9349:
9339:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9304:
9303:
9292:
9290:
9287:Other European
9284:
9283:
9281:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9254:
9253:
9252:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9225:
9222:
9214:
9209:
9203:
9196:
9194:
9188:
9187:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9129:
9127:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9116:
9109:
9104:
9097:
9096:
9095:
9084:
9082:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9074:
9067:
9060:
9055:
9048:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9029:
9028:
9014:
9008:
9006:
8999:
8998:
8997:
8996:
8995:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8982:MARS-500 study
8979:
8971:
8969:ESA Television
8966:
8965:
8964:
8963:
8962:
8952:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8926:
8920:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8903:
8898:
8892:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8875:
8874:
8864:
8859:
8858:
8857:
8847:
8842:
8831:
8825:
8824:
8823:
8810:
8808:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8798:
8797:
8796:
8794:MARS-500 study
8791:
8780:
8774:
8773:
8772:
8767:
8757:
8741:
8740:
8739:
8728:
8722:
8715:
8713:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8675:
8674:
8669:
8667:Sputnik crisis
8658:
8656:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8646:
8645:
8644:
8643:
8642:
8632:
8627:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8608:
8607:
8602:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8576:
8573:
8572:
8565:
8564:
8557:
8550:
8542:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8529:
8524:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8506:Mission to Mir
8502:
8494:
8493:
8492:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8470:Ivan Ivanovich
8467:
8466:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8445:
8444:
8443:
8433:
8427:
8425:
8421:
8420:
8418:
8417:
8411:
8409:
8405:
8404:
8402:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8339:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8306:
8304:
8303:Communications
8300:
8299:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8287:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8257:
8255:
8254:In development
8251:
8250:
8248:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8224:
8219:
8213:
8211:
8207:
8206:
8204:
8203:
8194:
8188:
8179:
8173:
8170:Resurs-DK No.1
8167:
8158:
8152:
8146:
8140:Phobos program
8137:
8131:
8125:
8119:
8113:
8110:Luna programme
8107:
8101:
8094:
8092:
8085:
8077:
8076:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8069:
8063:
8061:
8060:In development
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8048:
8047:
8046:
8032:
8030:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7989:
7981:
7979:(Moon landing)
7973:
7964:
7962:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7945:
7937:
7932:
7924:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7896:
7894:
7887:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7859:
7857:
7853:
7852:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7835:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7799:
7797:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7789:
7783:
7780:
7779:
7768:
7767:
7760:
7753:
7745:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7693:
7681:
7649:
7633:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7587:
7579:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7551:
7549:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7541:
7535:
7533:
7532:In development
7529:
7528:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7523:
7510:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7497:
7485:
7484:
7477:
7470:
7462:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7447:
7442:
7432:
7426:
7424:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7384:
7383:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7357:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7335:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7268:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7232:
7227:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7210:
7200:
7195:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7168:
7163:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7131:
7129:
7128:In development
7125:
7124:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7119:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7080:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7062:
7048:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7025:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7007:
6999:
6986:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6959:
6950:
6948:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6938:(2019–present)
6931:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6916:
6915:
6908:
6901:
6893:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6843:NPO Tekhnomash
6840:
6838:NPO Energomash
6835:
6833:NPO Avtomatiki
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6757:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6734:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6714:
6708:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6682:
6670:
6658:
6646:
6634:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6599:
6587:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6508:
6503:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6429:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6398:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6362:
6350:
6338:
6326:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6291:
6279:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6241:
6229:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6178:
6166:
6154:
6142:
6130:
6118:
6106:
6094:
6082:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6051:
6039:
6027:
6015:
6003:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5972:
5960:
5948:
5936:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5897:
5895:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5783:
5773:
5771:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5640:
5628:
5616:
5604:
5592:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5557:
5545:
5533:
5521:
5509:
5496:
5494:
5493:Southeast Asia
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5474:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5433:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5398:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5362:
5350:
5338:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5270:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5206:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5137:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5096:
5084:
5072:
5060:
5047:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5023:
5011:
4999:
4987:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4956:
4944:
4931:
4929:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4898:
4886:
4874:
4862:
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4843:
4830:
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4824:
4823:
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4820:
4815:
4809:
4807:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4786:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4763:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
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4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4636:
4635:
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4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4598:
4597:
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4526:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4507:
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4503:
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4471:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4451:
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4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4083:
4082:External links
4080:
4078:
4077:
4047:
4016:
3986:
3963:
3932:
3915:Tashkent Times
3902:
3876:
3857:
3834:Zak, Anatoly.
3826:
3815:
3803:
3778:
3752:
3697:
3669:
3636:
3610:
3583:
3564:(in Russian).
3553:
3525:
3511:
3496:
3482:
3468:
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3223:
3220:. 7 June 2021.
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3092:(in Russian).
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2188:Sibpromproyekt
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2110:
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2098:TSKB Geofizika
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2038:IPK Mashpribor
2035:
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:NPO Energomash
1995:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1919:Main article:
1916:
1915:Launch control
1913:
1880:
1877:
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1869:
1851:Resurs-DK No.1
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1701:18.000 crewed
1699:
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1692:Irtysh/Soyuz-5
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1350:Maiden flight
1347:
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1328:
1325:
1285:
1282:
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1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1221:
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1152:Rassvet module
1144:Proton rockets
1109:
1106:
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1063:Uran Battalion
969:
966:
880:
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846:Dmitry Rogozin
813:
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769:Prime Minister
731:
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710:missions with
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13426:Cospas-Sarsat
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11998:
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11831:North America
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11508:
11505:
11501:
11500:United States
11498:
11496:
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11488:
11486:
11483:
11482:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
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11463:
11462:Space warfare
11459:
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11450:United States
11446:
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11331:United States
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11071:Space forces,
11068:
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11008:Space tourism
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10991:United States
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10917:GEO standards
10915:
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10912:GSC standards
10910:
10906:
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10421:ISS programme
10419:
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10408:
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10403:
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10393:
10391:
10387:
10376:
10373:
10372:
10370:
10366:
10359:
10356:
10353:
10352:Buran program
10350:
10347:
10344:
10341:
10338:
10335:
10332:
10329:
10328:Soyuz program
10326:
10325:
10323:
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10079:2014 NASA Act
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10059:2010 NASA Act
10057:
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10049:Flexible path
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9994:2005 NASA Act
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9911:ISS programme
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9829:Rogers Report
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9609:1958 NASA Act
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9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9486:
9483:
9480:
9477:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9463:
9460:
9457:
9454:
9451:
9448:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9437:
9431:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9393:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9370:
9367:
9366:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9348:
9345:
9344:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9302:
9299:
9298:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9291:
9285:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9223:
9220:
9219:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9207:
9204:
9201:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9193:
9189:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9133:Solar Orbiter
9131:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9124:Cosmic Vision
9121:
9115:
9114:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9098:
9094:
9091:
9090:
9089:
9088:ISS programme
9086:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9073:
9072:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9053:
9049:
9047:
9046:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9027:
9026:
9022:
9021:
9020:
9019:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9003:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8961:
8958:
8957:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8947:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8930:
8927:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8912:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8896:
8893:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8873:
8870:
8869:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8856:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8829:
8826:
8821:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8811:
8809:
8807:
8803:
8795:
8792:
8789:
8786:
8785:
8784:
8781:
8778:
8775:
8771:
8770:Space station
8768:
8766:
8758:
8756:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8738:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8726:
8723:
8720:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8712:
8711:space program
8706:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8663:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8597:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8574:
8570:
8563:
8558:
8556:
8551:
8549:
8544:
8543:
8540:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8519:
8518:
8515:
8508:
8507:
8503:
8500:
8499:
8495:
8491:
8488:
8487:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8446:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8422:
8416:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8406:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8364:Baikal-Angara
8362:
8361:
8359:
8355:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8313:
8312:(begun 1957)
8311:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8301:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8259:
8258:
8256:
8252:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8208:
8198:
8195:
8192:
8189:
8183:
8180:
8177:
8176:Koronas-Foton
8174:
8171:
8168:
8162:
8159:
8156:
8153:
8150:
8147:
8141:
8138:
8135:
8132:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8108:
8105:
8102:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8089:
8086:
8082:
8078:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8058:
8052:
8049:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8037:
8034:
8033:
8031:
8027:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7993:
7990:
7985:
7982:
7977:
7974:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7959:
7953:
7949:
7946:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7891:
7888:
7884:
7880:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7858:
7854:
7849:
7839:
7836:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7809:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7766:
7761:
7759:
7754:
7752:
7747:
7746:
7743:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7700:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7688:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7652:Spaceplanes:
7650:
7648:
7644:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7607:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7591:
7588:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7546:
7540:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7530:
7522:
7519:
7518:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7499:
7494:
7490:
7483:
7478:
7476:
7471:
7469:
7464:
7463:
7460:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7437:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7388:
7385:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7358:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7126:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7057:
7053:
7046:
7041:
7039:
7034:
7032:
7027:
7026:
7023:
7011:
7008:
7003:
7000:
6994:
6990:
6987:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6972:
6963:
6960:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6914:
6909:
6907:
6902:
6900:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6762:
6755:
6750:
6748:
6743:
6741:
6736:
6735:
6732:
6720:participation
6719:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6707:
6703:
6702:
6699:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6671:
6669:
6659:
6657:
6647:
6645:
6635:
6633:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6600:
6598:
6588:
6586:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6523:Cospas-Sarsat
6521:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6476:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6440:
6430:
6428:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6399:
6397:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6363:
6361:
6351:
6349:
6339:
6337:
6327:
6325:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6302:
6292:
6290:
6280:
6278:
6268:
6264:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6230:
6228:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6179:
6177:
6167:
6165:
6155:
6153:
6143:
6141:
6131:
6129:
6119:
6117:
6107:
6105:
6095:
6093:
6083:
6081:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6052:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6028:
6026:
6016:
6014:
6004:
6002:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5973:
5971:
5961:
5959:
5949:
5947:
5937:
5935:
5925:
5921:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5750:
5746:
5736:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5641:
5639:
5629:
5627:
5617:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5593:
5591:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5558:
5556:
5546:
5544:
5534:
5532:
5522:
5520:
5510:
5508:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5475:
5473:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5434:
5432:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5399:
5397:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5363:
5361:
5351:
5349:
5339:
5337:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5241:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5207:
5205:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5097:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5073:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5042:Latin America
5040:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5012:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4988:
4986:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4957:
4955:
4945:
4943:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:North America
4926:
4923:
4919:
4909:
4899:
4897:
4887:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4844:
4842:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4784:
4779:
4777:
4772:
4770:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
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4543:
4537:
4535:
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4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4499:
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4492:
4489:
4488:
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4478:
4472:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4452:
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4443:
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4434:
4428:
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4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4155:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4133:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4109:
4106:
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2003:NPO Lavochkin
2001:
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1857:"Arktika-R."
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1829:Space systems
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905:
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890:Alexei Kudrin
886:
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863:In 2016, the
861:
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670:
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631:Yuri Gidzenko
628:
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603:
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597:
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585:
584:space tourism
574:
572:
568:
567:Angara rocket
563:
558:
556:
555:NPO Lavochkin
552:
548:
544:
539:
532:(upper left).
531:
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512:space station
507:
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261:Annual budget
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37:
33:
19:
13619:Preceded by
13471:Intersputnik
13316:TÜBİTAK UZAY
13274:
12777:EUTELSAT IGO
12673:Pan-European
12634:TÜBİTAK UZAY
12118:
12093:Central Asia
11709:and pan-Arab
11584:Moon Society
11579:Mars Society
11512:Kill vehicle
11475:Space weapon
11081:Space forces
10722:Intersputnik
10475:
10389:
10358:Apollo–Soyuz
10096:space policy
10016:space policy
9971:
9952:space policy
9888:
9881:space policy
9846:space policy
9821:
9782:space policy
9765:space policy
9748:Apollo–Soyuz
9740:space policy
9713:Moon landing
9705:space policy
9685:space policy
9648:space policy
9601:
9579:space policy
9537:space policy
9511:
9473:Project Juno
9111:
9099:
9069:
9062:
9050:
9044:
9023:
9016:
8816:(1960–1975)
8585:Space policy
8504:
8496:
8282:
8134:Vega program
8122:Zond program
7971:(Moon flyby)
7968:Zond (7K-L1)
7927:Soyuz-Apollo
7820:Kapustin Yar
7796:Launch sites
7786:
7775:
7695:
7683:
7651:
7635:
7619:Zond (7K-L1)
7615:
7582:Apollo–Soyuz
7492:
7272:Soyuz/Vostok
7055:
6763:subsidiaries
6760:
6716:Preceded by
6568:Intersputnik
6413:TÜBİTAK UZAY
6371:
5874:EUTELSAT IGO
5770:Pan-European
5731:TÜBİTAK UZAY
5215:
5190:Central Asia
4806:and pan-Arab
4085:
4068:. Retrieved
4060:Pravo.gov.ru
4059:
4050:
4038:. Retrieved
4029:
4019:
4007:. Retrieved
3998:
3989:
3981:the original
3976:
3966:
3956:30 September
3954:. Retrieved
3945:
3935:
3923:. Retrieved
3914:
3905:
3893:. Retrieved
3889:the original
3879:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3839:
3829:
3818:
3806:
3794:. Retrieved
3790:
3781:
3769:. Retrieved
3765:
3755:
3743:. Retrieved
3710:
3700:
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3649:
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3613:
3601:. Retrieved
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3556:
3544:. Retrieved
3540:Ars Technica
3538:
3528:
3514:
3499:
3485:
3471:
3456:
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3426:
3399:
3385:
3371:
3306:. Retrieved
3288:
3276:. Retrieved
3265:
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3226:
3217:
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3187:
3178:
3166:. Retrieved
3157:
3147:
3135:. Retrieved
3125:
3110:
3098:. Retrieved
3089:
3080:
3061:
3049:. Retrieved
3041:Tech Insider
3040:
3030:
3018:. Retrieved
3009:
2984:. Retrieved
2975:
2965:
2953:. Retrieved
2944:
2917:. Retrieved
2903:
2891:. Retrieved
2887:the original
2862:. Retrieved
2847:
2828:
2820:the original
2815:
2806:
2772:. Retrieved
2763:
2753:
2715:
2688:. Retrieved
2674:
2666:the original
2659:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2627:
2617:
2605:. Retrieved
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2550:. Retrieved
2541:
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2505:
2493:. Retrieved
2487:
2478:
2460:
2448:
2426:
2414:
2398:
2386:
2248:NTTS Okhrana
1968:
1965:Subsidiaries
1924:
1910:
1902:
1898:space agency
1882:
1874:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1844:
1806:lifting body
1799:
1770:
1728:
1702:
1674:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1621:Manufacturer
1620:
1615:
1572:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1526:
1523:
1502:
1435:
1408:9 July 2014
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1340:Manufacturer
1339:
1334:
1310:
1287:
1229:
1211:
1196:
1172:
1168:Nauka module
1162:
1148:Unity Module
1129:
1090:
1087:Future plans
1081:
1074:
1071:
1060:
1048:
1035:Yury Borisov
1032:
1024:
1000:
978:
971:
968:2022-present
959:
942:
935:
928:
917:
906:
902:Igor Komarov
882:
865:state agency
862:
859:
851:
823:
795:
786:
778:
753:
749:
745:
699:(2018?) and
662:
651:
640:
620:
604:
580:
577:Crisis years
559:
543:Soviet Union
535:
527:
515:
488:module, the
471:
456:The Hall of
413:
409:Yury Borisov
358:
338:
305:
293:
291:
282:roscosmos.ru
269:154 billion
211:Yury Borisov
157:Headquarters
147:Jurisdiction
141:Space agency
86:Abbreviation
36:
13621:Interkosmos
13595:Interkosmos
12701:Eurocontrol
12351:Antrix Corp
11707:Pan-African
11247:North Korea
11235:New Zealand
11223:Netherlands
11028:Space trade
10808:Moon Treaty
10467:(2013–2015)
10377:(1986–2001)
10354:(1974–1993)
10348:(1973–1977)
10342:(1971–1986)
10336:(1967–1991)
10334:Interkosmos
10313:(1964–1966)
10307:(1961–1976)
10301:(1960–1982)
10295:(1960–1963)
9834:Ride Report
9631:Missile gap
9503:(2018–2020)
9481:(2009–2010)
9458:(1964–1971)
9308:Eurocontrol
9202:(1992–2002)
9126:(2015–2025)
9113:BepiColombo
8960:Space Rider
8891:(1983–2010)
8830:(1964–1975)
8822:(1962–1973)
8744:Project 921
8727:(1966–1972)
8721:(1966–1976)
8654:Space races
8193:(2011–2019)
8182:Fobos-Grunt
8172:(2006-2016)
8157:(1990-1992)
8151:(1989-1998)
8145:(1988-1989)
8136:(1984-1987)
8130:(1983-1991)
8124:(1964–1970)
8118:(1961–1985)
8112:(1958–1976)
8106:(1972–1996)
8100:(1961–1982)
7940:Shuttle–Mir
7815:Dombarovsky
7595:Shuttle-Mir
6965:(2016–2019)
6957:(2011–2019)
6718:Interkosmos
6692:Interkosmos
5798:Eurocontrol
5448:Antrix Corp
4804:Pan-African
4642:Development
3925:24 November
3603:12 November
3576:15 February
3308:13 December
3236:Коммерсантъ
3100:26 November
3051:29 December
2986:1 September
2955:1 September
2640:28 December
2521:22 February
2148:NPO Novator
1853:satellite.
1768:RSC Energia
1726:RSC Energia
1503:7.800 from
1498:7.020 from
1436:5.400 with
1431:7.500 with
1327:Operational
1300:(LEO). The
1271:Fobos-Grunt
1056:Blue Origin
834:joint-stock
643:Yuri Koptev
551:Yuri Koptev
502:space rover
401:Amur Oblast
375:located in
186: /
13637:Categories
13607:See also:
12320:South Asia
11924:USSPACECOM
11532:Spaceplane
10273:Khrushchev
9822:Challenger
9577:Eisenhower
9038:Cluster II
8635:Spaceguard
8625:Prediction
8520:See also:
8374:Mars-Grunt
8336:Sputnik 99
8331:Sputnik 41
7987:(moonbase)
7808:Kazakhstan
7684:Capsules:
6788:Glavcosmos
6704:See also:
5417:South Asia
5021:USSPACECOM
3278:12 October
3246:12 October
3198:25 October
3137:25 January
3020:11 October
2774:24 January
2552:9 February
2495:1 December
2471:References
2401:, or RKA (
2281:NTTS Zarya
2218:OAO Bazalt
2168:NPP Polyus
2028:Turbonasos
2018:Glavcosmos
1804:, a small
1786:2032–2035
1580:Soyuz-2.1v
1534:Soyuz-2.1b
1489:Soyuz-2.1a
1461:Khrunichev
1424:Khrunichev
1393:Khrunichev
1388:Angara 1.2
1224:See also:
1112:See also:
972:Since the
898:corruption
838:government
767:signed by
738:Cosmonaut
611:Kazakhstan
602:missions.
571:Khrunichev
522:the first
510:the first
506:Lunokhod 1
500:the first
494:the first
490:Vostok 3KA
484:the first
480:spacesuits
478:the first
466:the first
389:Kazakhstan
371:, and the
336:research.
285:(archived)
174:37°37′50″E
104:1992-02-25
13643:Roscosmos
13275:Roscosmos
13263:KazCosmos
13227:ArmCosmos
12928:DTU Space
12890:BIRA-IASB
12837:EU SatCen
12596:KACST-SRI
12493:ArmCosmos
12479:West Asia
12152:East Asia
12119:Roscosmos
12107:KazCosmos
12077:Pan-Asian
11341:Structure
11093:Australia
10752:Space law
10615:UN-SPIDER
10390:Roscosmos
10368:Gorbachev
9301:Eurospace
8737:2007 test
8684:Mars race
8630:Avoidance
8379:Mercury-P
8369:Laplace-P
8326:Sputnik 3
8321:Sputnik 2
8316:Sputnik 1
8290:Spektr-UV
8261:Luna-Glob
8245:Spektr-RG
8222:Elektro–L
7961:Cancelled
7833:(defunct)
7787:Roscosmos
7609:Cancelled
7430:Tsyklon-4
6989:Gamma-400
6981:Spektr-UV
6935:Spektr-RG
6868:TsNIIMash
6858:Proton-PM
6848:OKB Fakel
6813:Lavochkin
6761:Roscosmos
6372:Roscosmos
6360:KazCosmos
6324:ArmCosmos
6025:DTU Space
5987:BIRA-IASB
5934:EU SatCen
5693:KACST-SRI
5590:ArmCosmos
5576:West Asia
5249:East Asia
5216:Roscosmos
5204:KazCosmos
5174:Pan-Asian
4093:Roscosmos
3796:20 August
3735:247407886
3566:Интерфакс
3546:19 August
3298:Интерфакс
3267:Ведомости
3218:Bloomberg
2893:23 August
2864:3 January
2607:10 August
2581:10 August
2344:TsNIIMash
2273:TsNIIMash
2268:MNII Agat
2263:OKB Fakel
2243:MOKB Mars
2163:NPP Kvant
2078:Proton-PM
2043:NPO Iskra
1741:27000 to
1557:2.720 to
1471:3.250 to
1419:Angara A5
1402:2.400 to
1321:Soyuz-2-3
1255:Luna-Glob
1248:Luna-Glob
1232:Spektr-RG
1175:Soyuz-TMA
922:with the
883:In 2018,
879:2017–2021
765:directive
730:2006–2012
723:Elektro P
719:Elektro L
689:Spektr UV
685:Spektr RG
683:(2011?),
562:authority
492:(center);
473:Sputnik 1
468:satellite
377:Star City
334:aerospace
314:Роскосмос
306:Roscosmos
253:Employees
171:55°47′2″N
89:Roscosmos
13500:UNCOPUOS
12811:DG DEFIS
12772:EUMETSAT
11824:Americas
11730:National
11295:Thailand
11259:Pakistan
11141:Colombia
10437:Medvedev
10426:Politics
10412:(1993–)
10321:Brezhnev
10064:Title 51
9974:disaster
9972:Columbia
9916:Politics
9824:disaster
9230:(2021–)
9148:EnVision
9093:Politics
9064:Herschel
9058:INTEGRAL
8836:(1975–)
8762:Tiangong
8752:Shenzhou
8746:(1992–)
8733:(1964–)
8672:Timeline
8394:Venera-D
8389:Spektr-M
8357:Concepts
8284:Kazachok
8240:Resurs-P
8235:Meteor-M
8200:(failed)
8191:Spektr-R
8185:(failed)
8164:(failed)
8143:(failed)
8084:programs
7886:programs
7598:(joint)
7585:(joint)
7516:(joint)
7370:Proton-K
7343:original
7240:original
7117:Proton-M
7002:Spektr-M
6954:Spektr-R
6919:Russian
6597:UNCOPUOS
5908:DG DEFIS
5869:EUMETSAT
4921:Americas
4827:National
4070:1 August
4064:Archived
4034:Archived
4003:Archived
3999:BBC News
3950:Archived
3919:Archived
3895:31 March
3868:Archived
3844:Archived
3771:16 April
3745:13 March
3739:Archived
3727:35277688
3686:cite web
3656:Archived
3623:Archived
3597:Archived
3570:Archived
3302:Archived
3272:Archived
3240:Archived
3192:Archived
3168:12 March
3162:Archived
3094:Archived
3069:Archived
3045:Archived
3014:Archived
2980:Archived
2949:Archived
2913:Archived
2858:Archived
2836:Archived
2795:Archived
2768:Archived
2684:Archived
2634:Archived
2601:Archived
2575:Archived
2546:Archived
2515:Archived
2293:See also
2286:NITs RKP
2153:PKP IRIS
1937:and the
1893:Gecko-F4
1777:140.000
1735:103.000
1500:Baikonur
1456:Proton-M
1265:Venera-D
1192:Progress
1179:Progress
1163:Atlantis
951:Voronezh
946:COVID-19
826:Proton M
693:Spektr M
677:Spektr R
600:Progress
565:the new
517:Salyut 1
405:director
369:Korolyov
316:), is a
163:, Russia
75:, Russia
13461:ISS MCB
13355:Oceania
13130:PTSPACE
13096:CBK PAN
12758:ESTRACK
12684:CENELEC
12387:SUPARCO
12334:SPARRSO
12171:SASTIND
11888:FAA/AST
11721:Arabsat
11355:Vietnam
11336:History
11165:Germany
10489:ExoMars
10398:Yeltsin
10330:(1967–)
10258:(1946)
10241:program
10179:FAA/AST
9879:Clinton
9683:Johnson
9646:Kennedy
9587:WS-117L
9434:British
9208:(2002–)
9052:Rosetta
9033:Cluster
9025:Huygens
8992:ExoMars
8931:(1998–)
8925:(1973–)
8897:(2005–)
8790:(2016–)
8779:(2003–)
8765:program
8755:program
8709:Chinese
8689:Records
8424:Related
8276:Luna 28
8271:Luna 27
8266:Luna 26
8230:(joint)
8227:ExoMars
8197:Luna 25
8161:Mars 96
8104:Prognoz
8081:Robotic
8039:(joint)
7948:Energia
7943:(joint)
7930:(joint)
7905:Voskhod
7708:Related
7659:Energia
7560:Voskhod
7493:Russian
7338:Tsyklon
7333:Start-1
7282:Voskhod
7277:Sputnik
7213:Molniya
7166:Energia
7154:Retired
7145:Yenisei
7090:Soyuz-2
7056:Russian
6974:Planned
6928:Current
6558:ISS MCB
6452:Oceania
6227:PTSPACE
6193:CBK PAN
5855:ESTRACK
5781:CENELEC
5484:SUPARCO
5431:SPARRSO
5268:SASTIND
4985:FAA/AST
4818:Arabsat
4040:15 July
4030:Reuters
4009:21 June
3850:29 June
3662:30 July
3629:30 July
3432:16 June
3188:Reuters
2690:19 July
2453:Russian
2437:Russian
2419:Russian
2403:Russian
2391:Russian
2208:OKB MEI
2093:NIIMP-K
2088:AO EKHO
1982:(38.2%)
1980:Energia
1721:Yenisei
1616:Vehicle
1465:23.000
1428:24.000
1335:Vehicle
1317:Soyuz-2
1284:Rockets
1277:Mars 96
1259:Luna 25
992:Antares
885:Russian
802:GLONASS
779:Due to
760:GLONASS
703:(2018?)
547:Yeltsin
520:(left);
496:Molniya
460:in the
434:History
320:of the
310:Russian
298:Russian
278:Website
202:Russian
102: (
13521:Former
13512:UNOOSA
13414:COSPAR
12885:BELSPO
12666:Europe
12458:GISTDA
12434:PhilSA
12299:SaTReC
12201:PLAASF
11869:NESDIS
11799:NASRDA
11716:RASCOM
11700:Africa
11495:Russia
11424:
11379:France
11307:Turkey
11271:Russia
11199:Israel
11153:France
11117:Canada
11105:Brazil
10967:Russia
10851:(2020)
10845:(2012)
10839:(1999)
10828:(1998)
10822:(1988)
10816:(1981)
10810:(1979)
10804:(1976)
10798:(1975)
10792:(1974)
10786:(1972)
10780:(1972)
10774:(1968)
10768:(1967)
10762:(1963)
10360:(1975)
10287:(1957)
10249:Stalin
10237:Soviet
10162:NESDIS
9780:Reagan
9763:Carter
9728:Skylab
9535:Truman
9487:(2010)
9475:(1991)
9464:(1985)
9452:(1962)
9446:(1958)
9163:ATHENA
9153:CHEOPS
9138:Euclid
9071:Planck
9045:Newton
8217:Bion-M
8210:Active
8202:(2023)
8187:(2011)
8178:(2009)
8166:(1996)
8149:Granat
8128:Astron
8116:Venera
8029:Active
8020:Kliper
8005:Zvezda
8000:Spiral
7984:Zvezda
7910:Salyut
7900:Vostok
7868:Proton
7863:Angara
7772:Soviet
7687:Zvezda
7671:Kliper
7655:Spiral
7643:Aelita
7631:Zvezda
7627:LK-700
7616:Moon:
7565:Salyut
7555:Vostok
7501:Active
7489:Soviet
7445:Medium
7435:Proton
7380:Strela
7365:UR-500
7321:Shtil'
7287:Vostok
7230:Polyot
7171:Kosmos
7140:Irtysh
7073:Angara
7066:Active
7052:Soviet
7010:OZIRIS
7005:(2030)
6997:(2030)
6984:(2030)
6618:Former
6609:UNOOSA
6511:COSPAR
5982:BELSPO
5763:Europe
5555:GISTDA
5531:PhilSA
5396:SaTReC
5298:PLAASF
4966:NESDIS
4896:NASRDA
4813:RASCOM
4797:Africa
4693:
4539:
4474:
4460:
4390:
4378:
3733:
3725:
3711:Nature
3090:Meduza
2816:Forbes
2722:
1957:. The
1889:geckos
1865:Gonets
1819:Kliper
1802:Kliper
1780:29500
1750:First
1738:26000
1589:2.800
1505:Kourou
1468:6.920
1438:Briz-M
1397:3.500
1313:Angara
1150:. The
1140:Zvezda
1052:SpaceX
1019:SpaceX
1011:OneWeb
996:Cygnus
985:RD-181
981:Kourou
725:(2015)
714:(2013)
712:Bion-M
701:Terion
697:Celsta
659:rubles
426:. Its
422:, the
420:Moscow
416:Salyut
403:. Its
361:Moscow
332:, and
273:(2021)
248:Russia
161:Moscow
94:Formed
73:Moscow
13571:NASDA
13488:ITU-R
13476:ODCWG
13456:ISECG
13446:ICSMD
13404:CCSDS
13397:World
13374:CSIRO
13213:Other
13106:KRRiT
13091:POLSA
12861:BEREC
12823:EUSPA
12743:ECSAT
12738:ESRIN
12728:ESTEC
12652:MBRSC
12648:UAESA
12541:NEHSA
12529:IRIAF
12410:LAPAN
12206:CASIC
12195:CGWIC
12084:APSCO
11985:CONAE
11811:SANSA
11787:GSSTC
11775:ESSTI
11761:NARSS
11490:India
11485:China
11426:NORAD
11403:Italy
11391:India
11283:Spain
11211:Japan
11176:Iran
11129:China
10955:India
10605:ITU-R
10480:Mars
10458:Putin
10346:Almaz
10239:space
10094:Trump
10014:Obama
9703:Nixon
9178:SMILE
9158:JUICE
9143:ARIEL
8955:PRIDE
8453:Laika
8399:Sfera
8384:OPSEK
8155:Gamma
8051:Soyuz
8010:Zarya
7952:Buran
7915:Almaz
7873:Soyuz
7699:OPSEK
7691:Zarya
7663:Buran
7623:N1-L3
7570:Almaz
7508:Soyuz
7440:Light
7387:Zenit
7375:Rokot
7326:Volna
7235:Soyuz
7161:Dnepr
6668:NASDA
6585:ITU-R
6573:ODCWG
6553:ISECG
6543:ICSMD
6501:CCSDS
6494:World
6471:CSIRO
6310:Other
6203:KRRiT
6188:POLSA
5958:BEREC
5920:EUSPA
5840:ECSAT
5835:ESRIN
5825:ESTEC
5749:MBRSC
5745:UAESA
5638:NEHSA
5626:IRIAF
5507:LAPAN
5303:CASIC
5292:CGWIC
5181:APSCO
5082:CONAE
4908:SANSA
4884:GSSTC
4872:ESSTI
4858:NARSS
3731:S2CID
2919:3 May
2378:Notes
2198:NIIFI
1747:2028
1712:2025
1707:5000
1683:2026
1657:Other
1636:Notes
1381:Other
1360:Notes
1306:Rokot
1294:Soyuz
1236:Soyuz
1188:Soyuz
1160:
1136:Zarya
1124:Zarya
1044:Soyuz
894:theft
842:space
596:Soyuz
245:Owner
13547:KCST
13535:BNSC
13466:ITSO
13451:IMSO
13441:IADC
13419:IPDA
13409:CEOS
13388:NZSA
13342:UKSA
13330:SSAU
13285:VVKO
13239:MAKA
13204:SNSA
13154:INTA
13142:ROSA
13079:NOSA
13055:SRON
12952:CNES
12904:SRTI
12849:EASA
12794:and
12753:ESOC
12748:ESAC
12723:ECSS
12706:ECAC
12694:ETSI
12689:CEPT
12615:GORS
12577:NCSR
12558:ISRC
12517:NSSA
12505:MAKA
12470:VNSC
12446:SSTL
12422:MYSA
12361:NRSC
12346:ISRO
12311:TASA
12285:KASI
12280:KARI
12275:KASA
12263:NATA
12251:NICT
12225:ISAS
12220:JAXA
12186:CAST
12181:CALT
12176:CASC
12166:CNSA
12143:TNSA
12070:Asia
12055:IVIC
12050:ABAE
12019:INPE
12014:DCTA
11961:ALCE
11912:USSF
11857:NASA
11756:EgSA
11744:ASAL
11415:NATO
11185:IRGC
10189:IEEE
9989:ESAS
9738:Ford
9562:RAND
9168:LISA
9101:Gaia
9043:XMM-
9012:SOHO
8091:Past
8067:Orel
8015:MAKS
7893:Past
7806:(in
7774:and
7667:MAKS
7548:Past
7539:Orel
7491:and
7407:3SLB
7316:R-29
7208:Luna
7135:Amur
7105:2-1v
7100:2.1b
7095:2.1a
7054:and
6947:Past
6644:KCST
6632:BNSC
6563:ITSO
6548:IMSO
6538:IADC
6516:IPDA
6506:CEOS
6485:NZSA
6439:UKSA
6427:SSAU
6382:VVKO
6336:MAKA
6301:SNSA
6251:INTA
6239:ROSA
6176:NOSA
6152:SRON
6049:CNES
6001:SRTI
5946:EASA
5891:and
5850:ESOC
5845:ESAC
5820:ECSS
5803:ECAC
5791:ETSI
5786:CEPT
5712:GORS
5674:NCSR
5655:ISRC
5614:NSSA
5602:MAKA
5567:VNSC
5543:SSTL
5519:MYSA
5458:NRSC
5443:ISRO
5408:TASA
5382:KASI
5377:KARI
5372:KASA
5360:NATA
5348:NICT
5322:ISAS
5317:JAXA
5283:CAST
5278:CALT
5273:CASC
5263:CNSA
5240:TNSA
5167:Asia
5152:IVIC
5147:ABAE
5116:INPE
5111:DCTA
5058:ALCE
5009:USSF
4954:NASA
4853:EgSA
4841:ASAL
4072:2017
4042:2016
4011:2018
3958:2014
3946:KPBS
3927:2019
3897:2015
3852:2013
3798:2023
3773:2023
3747:2022
3723:PMID
3692:link
3664:2021
3631:2021
3605:2009
3578:2022
3548:2024
3434:2023
3310:2021
3280:2021
3248:2021
3200:2021
3170:2021
3139:2021
3102:2018
3053:2015
3022:2013
2988:2013
2957:2013
2921:2011
2895:2009
2866:2010
2776:2020
2764:NASA
2720:ISBN
2692:2022
2642:2015
2609:2020
2583:2020
2554:2022
2523:2022
2497:2023
1925:The
1837:The
1823:Orel
1814:JAXA
1812:and
1664:Amur
1480:115
1433:KVTK
1319:and
1244:Mars
1138:and
1122:The
1097:Fili
1054:and
1017:and
1015:ISRO
913:NASA
911:, a
896:and
708:Bion
652:The
629:and
598:and
536:The
292:The
137:Type
13583:SSP
13559:NAL
13436:GSC
13431:GEO
13369:ASA
13311:TUA
13299:SSO
13280:SRI
13251:BSA
13192:AEE
13180:EAE
13166:AEC
13116:ULC
13111:ORO
13101:UKE
13067:NSO
13043:LSO
13031:LSA
13019:ASI
13007:HSO
12995:HSA
12983:DLR
12969:CdE
12964:AAE
12940:ESO
12916:CSO
12873:ALR
12796:EEA
12782:ESO
12733:EAC
12718:ESA
12680:CEN
12629:TUA
12610:SSA
12591:SSA
12572:ISA
12553:ISA
12375:DSA
12356:DoS
12239:JSS
12191:CCF
12124:SRI
12038:CCE
12024:ITA
12009:AEB
11997:ABE
11973:AEM
11936:NRO
11900:FCC
11874:OSC
11845:CSA
11180:AJA
10410:ISS
10375:Mir
10184:NRO
10174:FCC
9901:ISS
7992:TMK
7935:Mir
7922:TKS
7675:LKS
7639:TMK
7590:Mir
7577:TKS
7513:ISS
7402:3SL
7203:R-7
7078:1.2
6680:SSP
6656:NAL
6533:GSC
6528:GEO
6466:ASA
6408:TUA
6396:SSO
6377:SRI
6348:BSA
6289:AEE
6277:EAE
6263:AEC
6213:ULC
6208:ORO
6198:UKE
6164:NSO
6140:LSO
6128:LSA
6116:ASI
6104:HSO
6092:HSA
6080:DLR
6066:CdE
6061:AAE
6037:ESO
6013:CSO
5970:ALR
5893:EEA
5879:ESO
5830:EAC
5815:ESA
5777:CEN
5726:TUA
5707:SSA
5688:SSA
5669:ISA
5650:ISA
5472:DSA
5453:DoS
5336:JSS
5288:CCF
5221:SRI
5135:CCE
5121:ITA
5106:AEB
5094:ABE
5070:AEM
5033:NRO
4997:FCC
4971:OSC
4942:CSA
3715:doi
2407:РКА
1810:ESA
1763:Don
1743:TLI
1651:GTO
1644:LEO
1599:10
1568:83
1559:TLI
1519:71
1473:GSO
1404:SSO
1375:GTO
1368:LEO
1290:R-7
1250:).
1209:).
1207:USD
1077:AGM
1039:ISS
1027:ISS
926:.”
588:Mir
529:Mir
399:in
387:in
379:in
13639::
12792:EU
12129:VK
8098:DS
7950:/
7920:/
7689:,
7677:,
7673:,
7669:,
7665:,
7661:/
7657:,
7645:,
7641:,
7629:,
7625:,
7621:,
7575:/
7412:3F
7397:2M
7360:UR
7307:2M
7265:FG
7260:U2
7198:N1
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