464:, under-secretary at the Home Office, wrote to the commissioners in 1835 to instruct them only to digest the statute law, telling Amos in private "that they wanted to steer clear of codification" The seventh report in 1843 revised this initial priority, emphasising the greater coherence and sophistication of the common law treatment of crime compared with the statute law, and the need in any legislation to preserve the superior achievements of the common law.
611:, dated 23 November 1836 directing the Commission to consider "whether it would be advisable to make any distinction in the Mode of Trial between Adult and Juvenile Offenders; and if not, whether any class of Offenders can be made subject to a more summary proceeding than trial by Jury; and to furnish an early and separate Report to be laid".
297:
was published, providing for the first time the authoritative collection of acts. In 1816, both Houses of
Parliament, passed resolutions that an eminent lawyer with 20 clerks be commissioned to make a digest of the statues, which was declared "very expedient to be done." However, this was never done.
614:
The
Commission recommended that it would not be advisable to make a distinction between the mode of trial between adult and juvenile offenders, except by increasing the summary jurisdiction of magistrates and that the extension of such summary jurisdiction, subject to certain limits, would be a safe
893:
Some argue that the
Commission was heavily guided by Bentham's theory of legislation and that despite never having their work enacted, the Commission's main achievement "was that they succeeded in putting the new science of legislation at the centre of the modern understanding of the criminal law".
753:
The
Commission issued its seventh report on 11 March 1843, providing a digest of criminal law. The Report contained consolidation of remaining offences not included in former reports, observations and amendments on the present system of punishments and a revised completed digest of criminal law.
630:"From the statement of authority under which we now act, it will be obvious that it does not extend to the construction of a new Criminal Code, but is limited to the reduction and consolidation of the existing Law of England, as well written as unwritten, concerning crimes"
1014:
to repeal expired statutes and continue consolidation, with a wider remit that included civil law. The Board issued three reports, recommending the creation of a permanent body for statute law reform. On 29 August 1854, the temporary Board was superseded by the
563:, dated 8 July 1834 directing the Commission to consider what "partial alterations may be necessary or expedient for more simply and completely defining Crimes and Punishments, and for the more effectual administration of Criminal Justice".
1002:" vast mass of most valuable information, together with many observations on the different parts of the criminal law, which are well deserving consideration by any one who may turn his attention to the importance of that branch of the law."
459:
The
Commission proposed in its first report of 1834 emphatically endorsed the codification goal to unify existing common and statute law into a single legislative enactment, leading to criticism from academics. In this context,
1683:
368:
To inquire and report how far it might be expedient to combine both these statutes into one body of the criminal law, repealing all other statutory provisions, or of passing into a law the first-mentioned only of such
952:. The Commission issued six reports, including a draft Bill of an "Entire Digest of the written and unwritten Law relating to the Definition of Crimes and Punishment" that was introduced by
878:
as part of an 1869 resolution criticising the expensive process of legal revision that had taken place over 36 years, costing the country over £80,000 without yielding substantial results.
1275:
949:
441:
216:
79:
975:
to prepare Bills for the codification of criminal law based on the reports of the
Criminal Law Commissioners. Two major Bills based on the work of the Commission covering
987:. The bills made no progress, principally because of the unanimously unfavourable judicial reaction to the prospect of the common law being embodied in statutory form.
17:
1728:
456:
The
Commission made eight reports, dated 24 June 1834, 20 June 1836, 6 April 1837, 8 March 1839, 22 April 1840, 3 May 1841, 11 March 1843 and 5 July 1845.
282:, raised questions about the system and structure of the common law and the poor drafting and disorder of the existing statute book. By the start of the
1718:
1016:
1201:
1663:
293:
passed a resolution requesting the production of a report on the best mode of reducing the volume of the statute book. From 1810 to 1825,
953:
934:
930:
902:
355:
327:
314:
1336:
1723:
1011:
1519:
917:
By the point that the
Commission issued its final report in 1845, the ambition for such a comprehensive legal was dissipating. The
552:
The
Commission issued its second report on 20 June 1836 on defence of prisoners by counsel and the infliction of the death penalty.
331:
372:
To inquire and report how for it might be convenient to consolidate the other branches of the existing statute law, or any of them
1057:
1647:
1620:
1593:
1566:
1427:
1397:
1367:
1305:
874:
865:
318:
1224:
Present State of the Law: The Speech of Henry
Brougham, Esq., M.P., in the House of Commons, on Thursday, February 7th, 1828
1020:
995:
964:
275:
1738:
1733:
857:, who was initially sceptical about the commission's approach to digesting and potentially codifying the criminal law.
1529:
1007:
984:
757:
The Commission provided a draft Act of Crimes and Punishments compromising 24 chapters, under the following heads:
508:
Proceedings against offenders (otherwise than before magistrates exercising summary jurisdiction), and herein of—
1197:
922:
861:
839:
The Commission issued its eighth and final report on 5 July 1845, providing a digest of criminal law procedure.
414:
385:
111:
1635:
1608:
1581:
1554:
1415:
1385:
1355:
1293:
926:
608:
498:
The Commission also proposed to digest the criminal statute law and the common law under the following heads:
1028:
626:
Significantly, the Commission clarified at the start that their work differed from the production of a code:
330:, which paid tribute to Bentham and set in motion reform of the British legal system. Following the fall of
870:
290:
898:
476:
472:
390:
123:
1245:"Self-Governing Codifications of English Criminal Law and Empire: The Queensland and Canadian Examples"
976:
937:
introduced a bill embodying the digest, but it was withdrawn on an undertaking by Brougham's opponent,
1417:
854:
681:
677:
649:
418:
294:
117:
365:
To digest into one other statute all the provisions of the common or unwritten law touching the same
1637:
1036:
991:
972:
909:" and that the Commission was explicitly against the kind of codification associated with Bentham.
395:
1672:. Vol. 196. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 4 June 1869. col. 1246.
1166:
847:
The Commission made several reports, but it has been acknowledged that nothing grew out of them.
560:
1610:
1583:
1387:
1357:
730:
Offences against the Protestant establishment declared to be treasons and misprisions of treason
1639:
Reports from the Royal Commission on the Criminal Law : with appendices and index, 1843-45
1556:
1419:
Reports from the Royal Commission on the Criminal Law : with appendices and index, 1843-45
1295:
1010:
announced his intention to the improvement of the statute law and in March 1853, appointed the
623:
The Commission issued its fourth report on 8 March 1839 on crimes against person and property.
461:
673:
362:
To digest into one statute the statutes touching crimes, and the trial and punishment thereof
209:
1326:
1244:
448:
on 22 February 1845, who completed and published the Commission's eighth and final report.
380:
205:
105:
8:
1108:"Reconstructing the English Codification Debate: The Criminal Law Commissioners, 1833-45"
968:
860:
The Commission incurred expenses of £37,158 16s. 10d., which was subject to criticism by
407:
141:
1636:
Great Britain. Royal Commission for Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (1971).
1612:
Reports from the Royal Commission on the Criminal Law with appendices and index, 1834-41
1609:
Great Britain. Royal Commission for Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (1971).
1585:
Reports from the Royal Commission on the Criminal Law with appendices and index, 1834-41
1582:
Great Britain. Royal Commission for Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (1971).
1558:
Reports from the Royal Commission on the Criminal Law with appendices and index, 1834-41
1555:
Great Britain. Royal Commission for Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (1971).
1416:
Great Britain. Royal Commission for Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (1971).
1389:
Reports from the Royal Commission on the Criminal Law with appendices and index, 1834-41
1386:
Great Britain. Royal Commission for Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (1971).
1359:
Reports from the Royal Commission on the Criminal Law with appendices and index, 1834-41
1356:
Great Britain. Royal Commission for Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (1971).
1297:
Reports from the Royal Commission on the Criminal Law with appendices and index, 1834-41
1294:
Great Britain. Royal Commission for Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (1971).
692:
335:
286:, it was widely recognised that the criminal law stood in need of the greatest reform.
271:
267:
248:
1493:
1643:
1616:
1589:
1562:
1525:
1475:
1423:
1393:
1363:
1301:
1127:
700:
615:
and beneficial alteration of the law that would materially diminish juvenile crime.
597:
259:
into a coherent set of statutes, coining the verb "to codify". Bentham died in 1832.
232:
92:
505:
The prevention of offences, or the continuance of offences by summary coercive means
1467:
1222:
1162:
1119:
1032:
1024:
945:
323:
201:
129:
998:. However, the Commission's reports were complemented and acknowledged by Greaves:
1210:. Vol. 283. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Lords. col. 179.
1172:
960:
426:
351:
1684:"Criminal Law: Codification of the Criminal Law: A Report to the Law Commission"
1321:
938:
887:
708:
665:
604:
556:
540:
Proceedings by attachment, and other summary proceedings of the Superior Courts
468:
445:
434:
430:
422:
400:
347:
310:
302:
263:
244:
135:
535:
Attainder, forfeiture, and other general incidents to conviction and judgement
204:
that ran from 1833 to 1845 to consolidate existing statutes and enactments of
1712:
1615:. Internet Archive. Shannon : Irish University Press. pp. 545–704.
1588:. Internet Archive. Shannon : Irish University Press. pp. 431–544.
1479:
1422:. Internet Archive. Shannon : Irish University Press. pp. 297–670.
1392:. Internet Archive. Shannon : Irish University Press. pp. 239–430.
1362:. Internet Archive. Shannon : Irish University Press. pp. 203–232.
1340:. Vol. 02 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 938–940.
1331:
1131:
851:
236:
1561:. Internet Archive. Shannon : Irish University Press. pp. 71–202.
1642:. Internet Archive. Shannon : Irish University Press. pp. 9–296.
283:
279:
240:
228:
1300:. Internet Archive. Shannon : Irish University Press. pp. 9–69.
824:
Illegal Solicitations, Conspiracies, Attempts, and Repetitions of Offences
467:
Although the main drafters of the substantive reports of the Commission,
306:
850:
Legal aspects of the Commission's reports were criticised, including by
413:
Finding the work congenial and little support in his opinions, in 1836,
596:
The Commission issued its third report on 6 April 1837 on the trial of
488:
256:
1455:
1107:
669:
417:
resigned after signing two reports. Austin was replaced by barrister
779:
Offences relating to the Coin, and Bullion and Gold and Silver Plate
1471:
1325:
1123:
643:
639:
The Commission issued its fifth report on 22 April 1840, covering:
1494:"RIETI - "The Challenge of Codification in English Legal History""
1668:
1206:
1019:. Recommendations made by the Commission were implemented by the
980:
724:
686:
661:
657:
653:
720:
The Commission issued its sixth report on 3 May 1841, covering:
1196:
950:
Royal Commission on Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law
918:
704:
442:
Royal Commission on Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law
217:
Royal Commission on Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law
80:
Royal Commission on Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law
800:
Offences relating to Trade, Commerce, and Public Communication
487:
The Commission issued its first report on 24 June 1834 on the
733:
492:
479:
later describing him "childish" and "desultory and wayward".
941:, that a second Commission would be appointed to revise it.
905:'s "talked of "codes" in a sense far removed from Bentham's
782:
Offences relating to the Public Property, Revenue, and Funds
566:
The Commission also proposed a new structure for reporting:
334:'s administration, Brougham became Lord Chancellor and made
215:
The Commission issued eight reports and was replaced by the
696:
587:
The process of accusation, inquiry, judgment and execution
247:
was the first person to be an aggressive advocate for the
886:
There is debate amongst academics on the influence of
309:, led reforms of the criminal statute book, known as
767:
Offences against Religion and the Established Church
27:
Royal Commission for criminal law reform (1833–1845)
1274:Commons, Great Britain Parliament House of (1869).
1006:At the start of the parliamentary session in 1853,
1017:Royal Commission for Consolidating the Statute Law
948:was appointed for similar purposes, known as the
788:Offences relating to Public Records and Registers
523:The course and order of trial, including evidence
1710:
1456:"How Benthamic Was the Criminal Law Commission?"
1221:Vaux, Henry Brougham Baron Brougham and (1828).
648:Offences against the executive power, including
1729:Legal organisations based in the United Kingdom
821:Forgery, and other Offences connected therewith
803:Homicide, and other Offences against the Person
770:Offences against the Executive Power, generally
543:Summary proceedings before inferior magistrates
990:Little remained of the Commissioner's work in
815:Piracy, and other Offences connected therewith
773:Offences against the Administration of Justice
425:dated 21 October 1836. Following the death of
983:were introduced in 1853 and continued under
764:Treason and other Offences against the State
358:. The Commission's terms of reference were:
1277:Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons
956:on 6 June 1848 but was not proceeded with.
475:did not get on well with one another, with
410:was appointed Secretary to the Commission.
376:The Commissioners were paid, and included:
356:Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux
1280:. Ordered to be printed. pp. 601–604.
791:Offences against Public Morals and Decency
270:remain in force until expressly repealed.
1719:1833 establishments in the United Kingdom
1012:Board for the Revision of the Statute Law
18:Royal Commission on the Criminal Law 1833
1252:The University of Queensland Law Journal
502:The defining of offences and punishments
1517:
1273:
1055:
761:Preliminary Declarations and Enactments
744:Offences relating to the public revenue
526:Proceedings in stay or bar of execution
421:and the Commission was re-appointed by
14:
1711:
1550:
1548:
1453:
1411:
1409:
1320:
1242:
1161:
1105:
827:Definitions of Terms, and Explanations
511:Indictments and other criminal charges
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1381:
1379:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
433:, the Commission was re-appointed by
341:
322:made a famous six-hour speech in the
1289:
1287:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1220:
1192:
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1157:
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1145:
1143:
1141:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1021:Repeal of Obsolete Statutes Act 1856
996:Criminal Law Consolidation Acts 1861
965:Edward Sugden, 1st Baron St Leonards
785:Offences against the Law of Marriage
727:and other offences against the state
328:longest in the history of Parliament
190:Royal Commission on the Criminal Law
33:Royal Commission on the Criminal Law
1545:
1406:
276:Commentaries on the Laws of England
24:
1436:
1376:
1344:
1314:
944:On 22 February 1845, a subsequent
25:
1750:
1724:Organizations established in 1833
1284:
1262:
1231:
1214:
1187:
1138:
1072:
776:Offences against the Public Peace
748:
1058:"Codification and Right Answers"
834:
618:
603:This followed a Letter from the
555:This followed a letter from the
547:
346:The Commission was appointed by
1676:
1669:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1656:
1629:
1602:
1575:
1511:
1486:
1207:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1198:Gerald Gardiner, Baron Gardiner
921:were in government and the new
809:Offences against the Habitation
715:
634:
591:
482:
194:Criminal Law Commission of 1833
1049:
818:Malicious Injuries to Property
794:Offences against Public Health
451:
198:Statute Law Commission of 1833
13:
1:
1168:Legislative methods and forms
1042:
1029:Statute Law Revision Act 1861
741:Offences relating to the coin
338:a matter of official policy.
222:
114:(resigned 1836), Commissioner
881:
842:
570:The classification of crimes
440:The Commission was replaced
291:Commission on Public Records
73:Superseding Royal Commission
7:
1056:Morriss, Andrew P. (1999).
977:offences against the person
391:Charles Henry Bellenden Ker
124:Charles Henry Bellenden Ker
99:Royal Commission executives
61:February 22, 1845
10:
1755:
929:in 1846 would not include
890:on the Commission's work.
584:The jurisdiction of courts
350:dated 23 July 1833 by the
1739:British Royal Commissions
1734:Law of the United Kingdom
1227:. Carey, Lea & Carey.
1037:Statute Law Revision Acts
912:
855:Nicholas Conyngham Tindal
812:Fraudulent Appropriations
738:Offences against religion
650:administration of justice
514:Process against offenders
295:The Statutes of the Realm
151:
120:(from 1836), Commissioner
98:
88:
72:
57:
42:
38:Royal Commission overview
37:
1518:Starkie, Thomas (1845).
1454:Lobban, Michael (2000).
1106:Farmer, Lindsay (2000).
278:, published in the late
1337:Encyclopædia Britannica
1035:c. 101) and subsequent
959:In autumn of 1852, the
561:Lord Viscount Melbourne
437:dated 26 October 1837.
326:, considered to be the
1460:Law and History Review
1243:Wright, Barry (2007).
1112:Law and History Review
1004:
632:
462:Samuel March Phillipps
46:23 July 1833
1202:"Consolidation Bills"
1000:
691:Offences against the
628:
429:and the accession of
210:English Criminal Code
1521:On the Trial by Jury
1327:"Austin, John"
830:Chapter of Penalties
206:English criminal law
969:James John Lonsdale
701:unlawful assemblies
660:, subordination of
408:James John Lonsdale
192:(also known as the
142:James John Lonsdale
34:
897:Others argue that
598:juvenile offenders
342:Terms of reference
301:In the 1820s, the
268:Acts of Parliament
32:
1649:978-0-7165-1140-3
1622:978-0-7165-1139-7
1595:978-0-7165-1139-7
1568:978-0-7165-1139-7
1429:978-0-7165-1140-3
1399:978-0-7165-1139-7
1369:978-0-7165-1139-7
1307:978-0-7165-1139-7
1163:Ilbert, Courtenay
1062:Chic.-Kent L. Rev
1033:24 & 25 Vict.
1025:19 & 20 Vict.
609:Lord John Russell
573:The definitions:
233:England and Wales
186:
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93:England and Wales
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1175:. pp. 51–52
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946:royal commission
925:ministry led by
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797:Common Nuisances
709:forcible entries
652:, the crimes of
396:William Wightman
324:House of Commons
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235:does not have a
202:royal commission
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1200:(5 June 1967).
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1173:Clarendon Press
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973:Charles Greaves
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871:George Hadfield
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427:King William IV
352:Lord Chancellor
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239:. In the early
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208:, including an
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176:(11 March 1843)
170:(22 April 1840)
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888:Jeremy Bentham
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749:Seventh report
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666:false swearing
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401:Thomas Starkie
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264:United Kingdom
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164:(6 April 1837)
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1664:"Resolution"
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1027:c. 64), the
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229:jurisdiction
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173:(3 May 1841)
89:Jurisdiction
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1693:. p. 7
1258:(1): 39–65.
1179:9 September
967:, directed
678:maintenance
452:Proceedings
386:John Austin
381:Andrew Amos
313:. In 1828,
311:Peel's Acts
307:Robert Peel
144:, Secretary
112:John Austin
106:Andrew Amos
1713:Categories
1171:. Oxford:
1043:References
862:Peter King
489:common law
332:Wellington
272:Blackstone
257:common law
223:Background
65:1845-02-22
50:1833-07-23
1480:0738-2480
1132:0738-2480
907:pannomion
882:Influence
843:Criticism
682:champerty
670:embracery
576:Of crimes
532:Execution
517:Pleadings
219:in 1845.
58:Dissolved
1324:(1911).
1165:(1901).
931:Brougham
903:Brougham
674:barretry
644:Burglary
529:Judgment
369:statues.
200:) was a
1334:(ed.).
981:larceny
725:Treason
705:affrays
687:Forgery
662:perjury
658:perjury
654:bribery
469:Starkie
262:In the
255:of the
196:or the
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919:Tories
913:Legacy
415:Austin
43:Formed
1687:(PDF)
1330:. In
1248:(PDF)
806:Libel
734:Libel
697:riots
493:theft
1699:2024
1644:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1563:ISBN
1539:2024
1526:ISBN
1505:2024
1476:ISSN
1424:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1364:ISBN
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1181:2024
1128:ISSN
979:and
971:and
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