1147:" to this epistemic-logical project. It is a constructive undertaking that systematizes scientific knowledge according to the notions of symbolic logic. Accordingly, the purpose of this constitutional system is to identify and discern different classes of scientific concepts and to specify the logical relations that link them. In the Aufbau, concepts are taken to denote objects, relations, properties, classes and states. Carnap argues that all concepts must be ranked over a hierarchy. In that hierarchy, all concepts are organized according to a fundamental arrangement where concepts can be reduced and converted to other basic ones. Carnap explains that a concept can be reduced to another when all sentences containing the first concept can be transformed into sentences containing the other. In other words, every scientific sentence should be translatable into another sentence such that the original terms have the same reference as the translated terms. Most significantly, Carnap argues that the basis of this system is psychological. Its content is the "immediately given", which is made of basic elements, namely perceptual experiences. These basic elements consist of conscious psychological states of a single human subject. In the end, Carnap argues that his constitutional project demonstrates the possibility of defining and uniting all scientific concepts in a single conceptual system on the basis of a few fundamental concepts.
1204:
prohibiting the use of certain concepts. In contrast, philosophers should seek general agreements over the relevance of certain logical devices. According to Carnap, those agreements are possible only through the detailed presentation of the meaning and use of the expressions of a language. In other words, Carnap believes that every logical language is correct only if this language is supported by exact definitions and not by philosophical presumptions. Carnap embraces a formal conventionalism. That implies that formal languages are constructed and that everyone is free to choose the language it finds more suited to his purpose. There should not be any controversy over which language is the correct language; what matters is agreeing over which language best suits a particular purpose. Carnap explains that the choice of a language should be guided according to the security it provides against logical inconsistency. Furthermore, practical elements like simplicity and fruitfulness in certain tasks influence the choice of a language. Clearly enough, the principle of tolerance was a sophisticated device introduced by Carnap to dismiss any form of dogmatism in philosophy.
1102:
Carnap's dissertation was to show that the inconsistencies between theories concerning space only existed because philosophers, as well as mathematicians and scientists, were talking about different things while using the same "space" word. Hence, Carnap characteristically argued that there had to be three separate notions of space. "Formal" space is space in the sense of mathematics: it is an abstract system of relations. "Intuitive" space is made of certain contents of intuition independent of single experiences. "Physical" space is made of actual spatial facts given in experience. The upshot is that those three kinds of "space" imply three different kinds of knowledge and thus three different kinds of investigations. It is interesting to note that it is in this dissertation that the main themes of Carnap's philosophy appear, most importantly the idea that many philosophical contradictions appear because of a misuse of language, and a stress on the importance of distinguishing formal and material modes of speech.
1200:
Hence, by explaining the different operations that allow specific transformations within the language, the theory is a systematic exposition of the rules that operate within that language. In fact, the basic function of these rules is to provide the principles to safeguard coherence, to avoid contradictions and to deduce justified conclusions. Carnap sees language as a calculus. This calculus is a systematic arrangement of symbols and relations. The symbols of the language are organized according to the class that they belong to---and it is through their combination that we can form sentences. The relations are different conditions under which a sentence can be said to follow, or to be the consequence, of another sentence. The definitions included in the calculus state the conditions under which a sentence can be considered of a certain type and how those sentences can be transformed. We can see the logical syntax as a method of formal transformation, i.e. a method for calculating and reasoning with symbols.
1232:(1950) where Carnap aims to give a sound logical interpretation of probability. Carnap thought that according to certain conditions, the concept of probability had to be interpreted as a purely logical concept. In this view, probability is a basic concept anchored in all inductive inferences, whereby the conclusion of every inference that holds without deductive necessity is said be more or less likely to be the case. In fact, Carnap claims that the problem of induction is a matter of finding a precise explanation of the logical relation that holds between a hypothesis and the evidence that supports it. An inductive logic is thus based on the idea that probability is a logical relation between two types of statements: the hypothesis (conclusion) and the premises (evidence). Accordingly, a theory of induction should explain how, by pure logical analysis, we can ascertain that certain evidence establishes a degree of confirmation strong enough to confirm a given hypothesis.
1167:, i.e. the traditional philosophy that finds its roots in mythical and religious thought. Indeed, he discusses how, in many cases, metaphysics is made of meaningless discussions of pseudo-problems. For Carnap, a pseudo-problem is a philosophical question which, on the surface, handles concepts that refer to our world while, in fact, these concepts do not actually denote real and attested objects. In other words, these pseudo-problems concern statements that do not, in any way, have empirical implications. They do not refer to states of affairs and the things they denote cannot be perceived. Consequently, one of Carnap's main aim has been to redefine the purpose and method of philosophy. According to him, philosophy should not aim at producing any knowledge transcending the knowledge of science. In contrast, by analyzing the language and propositions of science, philosophers should define the logical foundations of scientific knowledge. Using
1136:, is concerned with the logical analysis of scientific propositions, while science itself, based on experience, is the only source of knowledge of the external world, i.e. the world outside the realm of human perception. According to Carnap, philosophical propositions are statements about the language of science; they aren't true or false, but merely consist of definitions and conventions about the use of certain concepts. In contrast, scientific propositions are factual statements about the external reality. They are meaningful because they are based on the perceptions of the senses. In other words, the truth or falsity of those propositions can be verified by testing their content with further observations.
1196:, 1937) gives the foundations to his idea that scientific language has a specific formal structure and that its signs are governed by the rules of deductive logic. Moreover, the theory of logical syntax expounds a method with which one can talk about a language: it is a formal meta-theory about the pure forms of language. In the end, because Carnap argues that philosophy aims at the logical analysis of the language of science and thus is the logic of science, the theory of the logical syntax can be considered as a definite language and a conceptual framework for philosophy.
623:
1258:
information are restricted. These were written over his entire life and career. Carnap used the mail regularly to discuss philosophical problems with hundreds of others. The most notable were: Herbert Feigl, Carl Gustav Hempel, Felix
Kaufmann, Otto Neurath, and Moritz Schlick. Photographs are also part of the collection and were taken throughout his life. Family pictures and photographs of his peers and colleagues are also stored in the collection. Some of the correspondence is considered notable and consist of his student notes, his seminars with Frege, (describing the
1175:
proves that they do not convey the meaning of states of affairs. In other words, these sentences are meaningless. Carnap explains that to be meaningful, a sentence should be factual. It can be so, for one thing, by being based on experience, i.e. by being formulated with words relating to direct observations. For another, a sentence is factual if one can clearly state what are the observations that could confirm or disconfirm that sentence. After all, Carnap presupposes a specific criterion of meaning, namely the
1245:
Their meaning can be grasped solely with an analysis of the signs they contain. They are analytical sentences, i.e. true by virtue of their logical meaning. Even though these sentences could refer to states of affairs, their meaning is given by the symbols and relations they contain. In other words, the probability of a conclusion is given by the logical relation it has to the evidence. The evaluation of the degree of confirmation of a hypothesis is thus a problem of meaning analysis.
6094:
4354:
1236:
features of certain phenomena can be distinguished from the analytical concepts of probability logic that merely describe logical relations between sentences. For Carnap, the statistical and the logical concepts must be investigated separately. Having insisted on this distinction, Carnap defines two concepts of probability. The first one is logical and deals with the degree to which a given hypothesis is confirmed by a piece of evidence. It is the
1180:
circumstances that would establish the truth of the sentence. As a result, it is clear for Carnap that metaphysical sentences are meaningless. They include concepts like "god", "soul" and "the absolute" that transcend experience and cannot be traced back or connected to direct observations. Because those sentences cannot be verified in any way, Carnap suggests that science, as well as philosophy, should neither consider nor contain them.
999:
4364:
2789:*This volume concludes with Carnap's "Replies and Systematic Expositions" (pp. 857â1012) and then a Bibliography that includes an annotated listing of his published writings up to 1961 and a listing of works then forthcoming. Essay contributors included, amongst others, Karl Popper, Herbert Feigl, A.J. Ayer, Donald Davidson, W.V. Quine, Carl G. Hempel and Hilary Putnam. A list of contents can be found
6082:
40:
1249:
corroborated with facts. In contrast, the probability of a statement about the degree of confirmation could be unknown, in the sense that one may miss the correct logical method to evaluate its exact value. But, such a statement can always receive a certain logical value, given the fact that this value only depends on the meaning of its symbols.
1248:
Clearly, the probability of a statement about relative frequency can be unknown; because it depends on the observation of certain phenomena, one may not possess the information needed to establish the value of that probability. Consequently, the value of that statement can be confirmed only if it is
1244:
Statements belonging to the second concepts are about reality and describe states of affairs. They are empirical and, therefore, must be based on experimental procedures and the observation of relevant facts. On the contrary, statements belonging to the first concept do not say anything about facts.
1264:
and the logic in mathematics). Carnap's notes from
Russell's seminar in Chicago, and notes he took from discussions with Tarski, Heisenberg, Quine, Hempel, Gödel, and Jeffrey are also part of the University of Pittsburgh Library System's Archives and Special Collections. Digitized contents include:
1257:
The Rudolf Carnap Papers contain thousands of letters, notes and drafts, and diaries. The majority of his papers were purchased from his daughter, Hanna Carnap-Thost in 1974, by the
University of Pittsburgh, with subsequent further accessions. Documents that contain financial, medical, and personal
1174:
Carnap believed that the difficulty with traditional philosophy lay in the use of concepts that are not useful for science. For Carnap, the scientific legitimacy of these concepts was doubtful, because the sentences containing them do not express facts. Indeed, a logical analysis of those sentences
1203:
Finally, Carnap introduces his well known "principle of tolerance." This principle suggests that there is no moral in logic. When it comes to using a language, there is no good or bad, fundamentally true or false. In this perspective, the philosopher's task is not to bring authoritative interdicts
2733:
2844:
The first volume of this series appeared shortly after Carnap's death. Carnap's own contribution to Volume II is a continuation of "A Basic System of
Inductive Logic" which began in Volume I. All but the final two sections were completed by Carnap prior to his death. Sections 20 and 21 are rough
1199:
The logical syntax of language is a formal theory. It is not concerned with the contextualized meaning or the truth-value of sentences. In contrast, it considers the general structure of a given language and explores the different structural relations that connect the elements of that language.
1101:
and philosophy, his dissertation can be seen as an attempt to build a bridge between the different disciplines that are geometry, physics and philosophy. For Carnap thought that in many instances those disciplines use the same concepts, but with totally different meanings. The main objective of
1235:
Carnap was convinced that there was a logical as well as an empirical dimension in science. He believed that one had to isolate the experiential elements from the logical elements of a given body of knowledge. Hence, the empirical concept of frequency used in statistics to describe the general
1179:
principle of verifiability. Indeed, he requires, as a precondition of meaningfulness, that all sentences be verifiable, which implies that a sentence is meaningful only if there is a way to verify if it is true or false. To verify a sentence, one needs to expound the empirical conditions and
850:, another philosopher in the Vienna Circle, noted, "Carnap's conception of semantics starts from the basis given in Tarski's work but a distinction is made between logical and non-logical constants and between logical and factual truth... At the same time he worked with the concepts of
1274:
More than 1,000 pages of lecture outlines are preserved that cover the courses that Carnap taught in the United States, Prague, and Vienna. Drafts of his published works and unpublished works are part of the collection. Additional Carnap materials can be found throughout the
760:'s work on logic and philosophy, which put a sense of the aims to his studies. He accepted the effort to surpass traditional philosophy with logical innovations that inform the sciences. He wrote a letter to Russell, who responded by copying by hand long passages from his
2551:"The Collected Works of Rudolf Carnap, Volume 1: Early Writings, edited by A. W. Carus, Michael Friedman, Wolfgang Kienzler, Alan Richardson & Sven Schlotter, general editor Richard Creath, with editorial assistance from Steve Awodey, Dirk Schlimm & Richard Zach"
2373:"Carnap had a modest but deeply religious family background, which might explain why, although he later became an atheist, he maintained a respectful and tolerant attitude in matters of faith throughout his life." Buldt, Bernd: "Carnap, Paul Rudolf",
865:
met Carnap in Prague and discussed the latter's work at some length. Thus began the lifelong mutual respect these two men shared, one that survived Quine's eventual forceful disagreements with a number of Carnap's philosophical conclusions.
735:. The physics department said it was too philosophical, and Bruno Bauch of the philosophy department said it was pure physics. Carnap then wrote another thesis in 1921, under Bauch's supervision, on the theory of space in a more orthodox
1290:
Much material is written in an older German shorthand, the Stolze-Schrey system. He employed this writing system extensively beginning in his student days. Some of the content has been digitized and is available through the
2845:
drafts which Carnap had not thought ready for publication. Professor
Jeffrey is to be congratulated for having included these rough drafts in the volume. They are the most interesting portions of the Carnap essay.
630:
Carnap's father had risen from being a poor ribbon-weaver to be the owner of a ribbon-making factory. His mother came from an academic family; her father was an educational reformer and her oldest brother was the
1295:. The University of California also maintains a collection of Rudolf Carnap Papers. Microfilm copies of his papers are maintained by the Philosophical Archives at the University of Konstanz in Germany.
1128:
and published as a book in 1928. That achievement has become a landmark in modern epistemology and can be read as a forceful statement of the philosophical thesis of logical positivism. Indeed, the
985:
Carnap had four children by his first marriage to
Elizabeth Schöndube, which ended in divorce in 1929. He married his second wife, Elizabeth Ina Stöger, in 1933. Ina committed suicide in 1964.
3230:
1059:
Below is an examination of the main topics in the evolution of the philosophy of Rudolf Carnap. It is not exhaustive, but it outlines Carnap's main works and contributions to modern
5027:
793:
who offered Carnap a position in his department, which Carnap accepted in 1926. Carnap thereupon joined an informal group of
Viennese intellectuals that came to be known as the
3207:
2774:(Stanford: 1962, as "The Aim of Inductive Logic". Its contents will perhaps be familiar to most readers of this book, but there are many important revisions (the views of
1928:
2734:"Rudolf Carnap and Richard C. Jeffrey (eds.) Studies in inductive logic and probability. Vol. 1. Berkeley and Los Angeles: The University of California Press, 1971. np"
6233:
1282:
Manuscript drafts and typescripts both for his published works and for many unpublished papers and books. A partial listing include his first formulations of his
6273:
6338:
6213:
653:
2550:
2480:
6358:
1143:, Carnap wants to display the logical and conceptual structure with which all scientific (factual) statements can be organized. Carnap gives the label "
6133:
1366:
1334:
1673:
1592:
1355:
1306:
3255:
3028:
Logic, Language, and the
Structure of Scientific Theories: Proceedings of the Carnap-Reichenbach Centennial, University of Konstanz, May 21â24, 1991
6158:
4400:
2502:"AS Notes (old), 1958â1966 Box 19, Folder 7 Rudolf Carnap Papers, 1905â1970, ASP.1974.01, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh"
893:, who accepted and became one of his most significant intellectual collaborators. Thanks partly to Quine's help, Carnap spent the years 1939â41 at
766:
for Carnap's benefit, as neither Carnap nor his university could afford a copy of this epochal work. In 1924 and 1925, he attended seminars led by
5255:
2313:
1967:
Carnap, R. (1934), "On the
Character of Philosophic Problems (Ăber den Charakter der philosophischen Probleme)," translation by W. M. Malisoff,
1500:
1488:
1484:
1188:
At that point in his career, Carnap attempted to develop a full theory of the logical structure of scientific language. This theory, exposed in
6333:
1894:, Wolfgang Kienzler, Alan Richardson, and Sven Schlotter (eds.), (The Collected Works of Rudolf Carnap, 1), New York: Oxford University Press.
1392:
3316:
1714:
2762:
The lead article in the book is a revision of Carnap's "Inductive Logic and
Rational Decisions," the first version of which was printed in
6138:
6128:
1632:
6193:
6188:
5117:
199:
6163:
6153:
5874:
5217:
6258:
6148:
5311:
4979:
1609:
1596:
6288:
5540:
885:
in 1941. Meanwhile, back in Vienna, Schlick was murdered in 1936. From 1936 to 1952, Carnap was a professor of philosophy at the
638:. As a ten-year-old, Carnap accompanied Wilhelm Dörpfeld on an expedition to Greece. Carnap was raised in a profoundly religious
3231:"Martin Heidegger and Rudolf Carnap: Radical Phenomenology, Logical Positivism and the Roots of the Continental/Analytic Divide"
6343:
6248:
1240:. The second is empirical, and relates to the long run rate of one observable feature of nature relative to another. It is the
711:, he felt obligated to serve in the German army. After three years of service, he was given permission to study physics at the
5711:
5222:
4367:
3523:
2293:
1346:
1528:
6353:
6308:
6303:
4393:
1952:
897:, where he was reunited with Tarski. Carnap (1963) later expressed some irritation about his time at Chicago, where he and
1857:. Edited from unpublished manuscript by T. Bonk and J. MosterĂn. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 167
1572:
1544:
901:
were the only members of the department committed to the primacy of science and logic. (Their Chicago colleagues included
5533:
5248:
3139:
3124:
3111:
2778:
are taken into account explicitly), and what remains the same is so fundamental to Carnap's view that it bears rereading.
2690:
2647:
2604:
2156:
2043:
1993:
1448:
821:
visited Vienna, Carnap would meet with him. He (with Hahn and Neurath) wrote the 1929 manifesto of the Circle, and (with
6348:
6268:
5283:
3564:
3483:
3288:
2920:
1744:
1509:
956:
948:
387:
1427:
838:
lectured in Vienna, and during November 1930 Carnap visited Warsaw. On these occasions he learned much about Tarski's
6293:
5894:
5889:
5842:
5523:
3309:
2448:
2347:
1862:
1740:
1691:
1418:
1046:
392:
1869:
1292:
1028:
6313:
6183:
4426:
6368:
5904:
5212:
4386:
2583:
512:
6298:
6203:
6173:
6143:
6074:
5241:
5192:
5057:
4294:
3058:
2941:
1891:
1728:
1024:
1020:
527:
6323:
6318:
6208:
4938:
4717:
4679:
4629:
3988:
3468:
1732:
940:
658:
170:
3012:
1824:
1811:
1787:
1767:
1759:
1723:
1706:
1682:
1663:
1564:
1551:
1437:
1409:
1380:
6238:
6198:
5764:
5757:
5187:
5087:
4357:
3869:
3791:
3508:
3302:
3071:
1090:
929:
909:, and Manley Thompson.) Carnap's years at Chicago were nonetheless very productive ones. He wrote books on
858:
486:
221:
2501:
2410:
1804:
1539:
6328:
6178:
5616:
5591:
5576:
4928:
4878:
979:
595:
3267:
1627:
955:, a practice to which he was opposed on principle. While at UCLA, he wrote on scientific knowledge, the
6263:
6168:
5067:
4807:
4687:
4418:
3569:
3463:
3157:
1933:
771:
296:
1168:
6253:
6243:
5789:
5769:
5677:
5673:
5596:
5288:
5152:
4752:
4659:
4499:
4171:
3948:
3361:
3067:
Exact Thinking in Demented Times: The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science
1923:
1212:
After having considered problems in semantics, i.e. the theory of the concepts of meaning and truth (
798:
432:
6228:
6223:
5794:
5434:
5419:
5408:
5385:
5077:
3741:
3211:
2976:
2600:
1009:
590:
103:
6032:
5779:
5774:
5747:
5682:
5636:
5631:
5566:
5459:
4722:
4649:
4504:
4023:
2481:"Guide to the Rudolf Carnap Papers, 1904â2007 ASP.1974.01 ULS Archives & Special Collections"
2203:"Carnapian explication, formalisms as cognitive tools, and the paradox of adequate formalization"
1171:, they should explicate the concepts, methods and justificatory processes that exist in science.
1086:
1013:
978:
when he was 14 years of age, and remained sympathetic to it (Carnap 1963). He later attended the
851:
681:
449:
437:
153:
1778:
6363:
5987:
5977:
5395:
5321:
5278:
4968:
4812:
4747:
4409:
3607:
3579:
3554:
3356:
3082:
3054:
2339:
2198:
1428:
Abriss der Logistik, mit besonderer BerĂŒcksichtigung der Relationstheorie und ihrer Anwendungen
960:
120:
71:
5837:
5832:
5784:
5752:
5742:
5701:
5481:
5358:
5264:
4943:
4923:
4858:
4742:
4524:
4250:
4206:
3705:
3518:
3366:
2950:
2283:
933:
886:
762:
701:
346:
241:
Der Raum: Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre (Space: A Contribution to the Theory of Science)
217:
2331:
2151:
6283:
6218:
6123:
6118:
5817:
5812:
5687:
5571:
5476:
5449:
5331:
5107:
5017:
4816:
4777:
4509:
3428:
2139:
1125:
790:
712:
622:
455:
428:
416:
209:
138:
129:
3168:
3162:
2362:
2014:
A. W. Carus, Michael Friedman, Wolfgang Kienzler, Alan Richardson, Sven Schlotter (eds.),
8:
5879:
5561:
5454:
5429:
5414:
5343:
5157:
5147:
4997:
4953:
4787:
4564:
4479:
4072:
4003:
3781:
3612:
3594:
3558:
3478:
3433:
3423:
3325:
3197:
3186:
3175:
2790:
1718:
1398:
1225:
1176:
1064:
882:
818:
424:
400:
379:
322:
195:
175:
1618:
635:
6278:
6027:
5982:
5869:
5692:
5513:
5348:
5338:
5007:
4903:
4898:
4822:
4797:
4599:
4584:
4549:
4245:
3963:
3920:
3889:
3879:
3839:
3697:
3677:
3538:
3498:
3493:
3418:
3260:
2835:
2251:
2247:
1647:
1471:
1276:
1112:
From 1922 to 1925, Carnap worked on a book which became one of his major works, namely
947:
having died the previous year. He had earlier refused an offer of a similar job at the
906:
894:
890:
802:
775:
720:
694:
668:
649:
611:
482:
306:
213:
187:
163:
115:
79:
4330:
2525:
2441:
Carnap, Tarski, and Quine at Harvard: Conversations on Logic, Mathematics, and Science
39:
6086:
5859:
5716:
5506:
5471:
5365:
5304:
4973:
4893:
4732:
4614:
4059:
4049:
3983:
3864:
3799:
3533:
3438:
2937:
2916:
2827:
2753:
2643:
2575:
2444:
2343:
2332:
2289:
1858:
1736:
1687:
1505:
1475:
1414:
1342:
898:
496:
473:
133:
5957:
4082:
3284:
2714:
2671:
2628:
2120:
Empiricism at the Crossroads: The Vienna Circle's Protocol-Sentence Debate Revisited
6057:
6012:
5992:
5528:
5518:
5501:
5037:
4948:
4772:
4767:
4569:
4135:
4112:
4102:
3925:
3874:
3771:
3627:
3244:
3235:
2819:
2775:
2745:
2709:
2666:
2623:
2567:
2243:
2214:
1877:
1463:
1098:
1094:
944:
822:
782:
757:
559:
521:
469:
318:
314:
310:
282:
257:
2055:
1988:
6047:
6007:
5929:
5884:
5721:
5626:
5611:
5586:
5400:
5380:
5182:
5097:
4853:
4832:
4782:
4762:
4702:
4669:
4624:
4619:
4579:
4464:
4286:
4266:
4240:
4214:
4107:
4097:
4077:
3809:
3776:
3667:
3652:
3503:
3488:
3408:
3387:
3078:
3021:
Erkenntnis Orientated: A Centennial Volume for Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach
2931:
2910:
1984:
1843:
1819:
1797:
1750:
1655:
1321:
1260:
968:
922:
716:
508:
412:
396:
191:
67:
2308:
2184:
Rudolf Carnap, "Ăberwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache",
2068:
The Constitutive A Priori: Developing and Extending an Epistemological Framework
6098:
5967:
5827:
5466:
5375:
4933:
4888:
4712:
4644:
4514:
4314:
4196:
4067:
3998:
3993:
3958:
3859:
3756:
3725:
3710:
3672:
3662:
3617:
3392:
3248:
3210:(Rudolf Carnap Papers, 1905â1970, ASP.1974.01, Special Collections Department,
3106:
2960:
2767:
2558:
2038:
1783:
1701:
1133:
964:
902:
889:. During the late 1930s, Carnap offered an assistant position in philosophy to
786:
767:
504:
383:
267:
75:
4519:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2219:
2202:
1881:
6112:
5952:
5924:
5852:
5581:
5496:
5177:
4792:
4697:
4692:
4654:
4554:
4529:
4494:
4335:
4304:
4191:
4186:
4156:
4122:
4092:
4087:
4018:
4013:
3935:
3912:
3819:
3766:
3657:
3622:
3584:
3513:
3413:
3382:
3102:
2970:
2831:
2757:
2686:
2579:
2034:
2016:
Rudolf Carnap: Early Writings: The Collected Works of Rudolf Carnap, Volume 1
1836:
1754:
1659:
835:
810:
794:
736:
690:
676:
632:
607:
603:
538:
491:
441:
374:
292:
278:
183:
124:
83:
4299:
4166:
814:
6062:
6042:
5997:
5972:
5962:
5934:
5864:
5822:
5696:
5650:
5621:
5601:
4918:
4913:
4868:
4827:
4737:
4639:
4594:
4589:
4559:
4544:
4539:
4224:
4140:
4008:
3953:
3902:
3849:
3844:
3804:
3751:
3720:
3715:
3687:
3647:
3574:
3458:
3351:
3153:
3062:
2763:
2571:
2234:
Richardson, Alan; Isaacson, Dan (1994). "Carnap's Principle of Tolerance".
2131:
1697:
1639:
1312:
1121:
1060:
952:
878:
839:
806:
749:
342:
2411:"Reading Notes and Summaries on Works by Rudolph Carnap, 1932 and Undated"
1710:
Stanford,, pp 303â318 (revised and expanded in Carnap & Jeffrey 1971).
6052:
6037:
6022:
6002:
5919:
5847:
5664:
5654:
5641:
5606:
5556:
5486:
5439:
5326:
5316:
5162:
5127:
5047:
4873:
4664:
4604:
4489:
4474:
4378:
4309:
4276:
4271:
4219:
4181:
4176:
4161:
4130:
4044:
3854:
3824:
3814:
3761:
3746:
3682:
3346:
3223:
2140:
Steve Awodey, "Structuralism, Invariance, and Univalence" (March 4, 2014)
1164:
1163:, 1967) in which he appears overtly skeptical of the aims and methods of
918:
914:
862:
708:
686:
532:
517:
408:
370:
262:
5233:
3217:
1651:
5939:
5668:
5659:
5646:
5390:
5353:
5167:
4958:
4802:
4757:
4634:
4609:
4534:
4469:
4028:
3897:
3834:
3829:
3528:
2862:
2839:
2807:
2803:
2334:
Dear Carnap, Dear Van: The Quine-Carnap Correspondence and Related Work
2255:
1898:*For a more complete listing see Carnapâs Works in "Linked bibliography
1604:
1495:
1491:
1467:
1224:, 1943), Carnap turned his attention to the subject of probability and
827:
639:
179:
20:
6093:
3294:
3291:, Pacific Division, at Santa Barbara, California, on 29 December 1959.
1581:
854:
and took these two concepts as a basis of a new method of semantics."
5706:
5299:
5199:
4908:
4848:
4727:
4707:
4459:
4454:
4434:
3602:
3473:
2857:
975:
910:
870:
847:
843:
404:
350:
2823:
1686:. trans. W. H. Myer and J. Wilkinson, Dover publications, New York.
1489:
The Elimination of Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language"
998:
5726:
5444:
5172:
4863:
4484:
4444:
2749:
1763:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Cambridge University Press. pp. 41--52
874:
420:
63:
2173:
2107:
Carnap and Twentieth-Century Thought: Explication as Enlightenment
2094:
Carnap and Twentieth-Century Thought: Explication as Enlightenment
5424:
4883:
4439:
3134:
672:
500:
247:
Der logische Aufbau der Welt (The Logical Structure of the World)
3119:
2908:
1410:
The Logical Structure of the World. Pseudoproblems in Philosophy
5491:
5028:
An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
4963:
2652:
by Rudolf Carnap, translated from the German by Amethe Smeaton"
1955:
Resemblance Nominalism: A Solution to the Problem of Universals
1449:"Ăberwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache"
646:
599:
232:
2236:
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes
1339:
The Collected Works of Rudolf Carnap, Volume 1: Early Writings
4449:
2329:
1825:
Rudolf Carnap, logical empiricist: materials and perspectives
1228:. His views on that subject are for the most part exposed in
1077:
From 1919 to 1921, Carnap worked on a doctoral thesis called
982:
in 1908 and 1922, and employed the language while traveling.
728:
724:
334:
971:, were published posthumously as Carnap (1971, 1977, 1980).
568:
5370:
3287:
on 'Theoretical Concepts in Science' at the meeting of the
2399:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 8 n. 18.
1929:
Second Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences
1619:
Meaning and Necessity: a Study in Semantics and Modal Logic
937:
732:
664:
225:
2858:"Linked bibliography for the SEP article 'Rudolf Carnap.'"
2420:. Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh
951:, because accepting that position required that he sign a
719:
was a newly appointed professor. Carnap then attended the
700:
During his university years he became enthralled with the
3148:
Rudolf Carnap Webpage and Directory of Internet Resources
1818:
1975 âObservation Language and Theoretical Languageâ, in
574:
3147:
2338:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p.
3075:, vol. LXIV, no. 20 (21 December 2017), pp. 74â76.
785:
at a 1923 conference. Reichenbach introduced Carnap to
2808:"Review of Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability"
2377:
Vol. 20 p. 43. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008.
1842:
1980. "A Basic System of Inductive Logic Part II" in:
1810:
25 (3-4):269 - 298, reprinted with slight revision in
881:, emigrated to the United States in 1935 and became a
857:
In 1931, Carnap was appointed Professor at the German
2526:"Finding Aid for the Rudolf Carnap papers, 1920â1968"
571:
565:
513:
Three kinds of space: formal, physical and perceptual
2174:
Carnap, Rudolf â Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2109:, Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 223 and 227.
707:
While Carnap held moral and political opposition to
577:
3087:
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A
3083:"Rudolf Carnap's 'Theoretical Concepts in Science'"
2395:Smith, D. W., and Thomasson, Amie L. (eds.), 2005,
1749:1964. "The Logicist Foundations of Mathematics" in
1683:
Introduction to Symbolic Logic and its Applications
1183:
562:
3176:"Von der Erkenntnistheorie zur Wissenschaftslogik"
2642:
2233:
1848:Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability, Vol. 2
1794:Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability, Vol. 1
2197:
2056:Physicalism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
6234:Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
6110:
2281:
1335:"Space: A Contribution to the Theory of Science"
1089:, Carnap tried to provide a logical basis for a
1105:
781:Carnap discovered a kindred spirit when he met
6274:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
2929:
2909:Richard Creath, Michael Friedman, ed. (2007).
2685:
2083:, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1937, pp. 13â14.
2018:, Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. xiiiâxiv.
1557:International Encyclopedia of Unified Science,
1083:Space: A Contribution to the Theory of Science
6339:University of California, Los Angeles faculty
5249:
4394:
3310:
2475:
2473:
1696:1962. "The Aim of Inductive Logic" in (eds.)
1447:
1324:, published as a monograph supplement to the
689:, and was one of very few students to attend
6214:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
3042:Carnap's Ideal of Explication and Naturalism
2772:Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science
2438:
2314:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
2270:An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science
1769:An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science
1760:Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings
1707:Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science
1665:Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings
1307:Der Raum: Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre
1155:From 1928 to 1934, Carnap published papers (
1132:suggests that epistemology, based on modern
1093:. Considering that Carnap was interested in
1079:Der Raum: Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre
797:, directed largely by Schlick and including
19:"Carnap" redirects here. For the crime, see
3187:"Ăber die Einheitssprache der Wissenschaft"
2599:
2375:Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
2325:
2323:
2096:, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p. 222.
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1559:Vol. I, No. 3. University of Chicago Press.
1252:
1120:, 1967), which was accepted in 1926 as his
1027:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
813:, with occasional visits by Hahn's student
774:, and continued to write on physics from a
6359:Academic staff of the University of Vienna
5256:
5242:
5118:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
4408:
4401:
4387:
3317:
3303:
2470:
2285:Research In Psychology: Methods and Design
967:and on the foundations of probability and
917:, and on the philosophical foundations of
200:Formalism in the philosophy of mathematics
38:
6134:20th-century American non-fiction writers
5912:
5875:Relationship between religion and science
5263:
2713:
2670:
2627:
2549:Pincock, Christopher (January 17, 2022).
2218:
1979:
1977:
1828:. Boston: D. Reidel Pub. Co.. pp. 75--85
1150:
1047:Learn how and when to remove this message
606:thereafter. He was a major member of the
594:; 18 May 1891 â 14 September 1970) was a
3001:Carnap's construction of the world: the
2320:
2001:
1855:Untersuchungen zur Allgemeinen Axiomatik
1610:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
1597:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
1298:
621:
6159:20th-century German non-fiction writers
3593:
3324:
3005:and the emergence of logical empiricism
2548:
1605:"On the Application of Inductive Logic"
44:Rudolf Carnap, 1935, by Francis Schmidt
16:German-American philosopher (1891â1970)
6111:
3228:
2731:
2330:Quine, W.V. and Rudolf Carnap (1990).
2169:
2167:
2165:
1974:
1953:"Review of Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra,
723:, where he wrote a thesis defining an
6334:UCLA Department of Philosophy faculty
5237:
4382:
3298:
3218:Das Fremdpsychische bei Rudolf Carnap
3132:
2992:The Time of My Life: An Autobiography
2727:
2725:
2544:
2542:
2363:Biography â UW Departments Web Server
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
1839:, ed. University of California Press.
1087:philosophical foundations of geometry
1085:, 1922). In this dissertation on the
988:
667:. From 1910 to 1914, he attended the
645:He began his formal education at the
642:family, but later became an atheist.
589:
2802:
2693:Foundations of Logic and Mathematics
2397:Phenomenology and Philosophy of Mind
1805:"Notes on probability and induction"
1779:Philosophical Foundations of Physics
1552:Foundations of Logic and Mathematics
1369:(1992 draft), published version in:
1337:(2005 draft), published version in:
1214:Foundations of Logic and Mathematics
1025:adding citations to reliable sources
992:
3140:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3125:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3112:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3035:Carnap's Logical Syntax of Language
2443:. Chicago: Open Court. p. 27.
2288:(6th ed.). Wiley. p. 11.
2162:
2157:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2044:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1994:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1850:. . University of California Press.
1644:Revue Internationale de Philosophie
1091:theory of space and time in physics
825:) initiated the philosophy journal
13:
6139:20th-century American philosophers
6129:20th-century American male writers
3289:American Philosophical Association
3048:
2732:Kyburg, Henry E. (December 1972).
2722:
2539:
2021:
1674:The Continuum of Inductive Methods
1628:Logical Foundations of Probability
1413:. University of California Press.
1230:Logical foundations of probability
1207:
1118:The Logical Structure of the World
949:University of California, Berkeley
14:
6380:
6194:American people of German descent
6189:American male non-fiction writers
5895:Sociology of scientific knowledge
5890:Sociology of scientific ignorance
5843:History and philosophy of science
3279:RUDOLF CARNAP, LOGICAL EMPIRICIST
3273:by Feigl, Hempel, Jeffrey, Quine
3117:
3096:
3030:. University of Pittsburgh Press.
2983:60: 20â43. Reprinted in his 1953
2912:The Cambridge Companion to Carnap
1983:
1800:, University of California Press.
1401:). Leipzig: Felix Meiner Verlag.
1381:Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie
1277:Archives of Scientific Philosophy
1157:Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie
671:, intending to write a thesis in
6164:20th-century German philosophers
6154:20th-century German male writers
6092:
6080:
4362:
4353:
4352:
3256:RUDOLF CARNAP, PHILOSOPHER, DIES
3154:Collected Works of Rudolf Carnap
2933:The Cambridge companion to Quine
2408:
2248:10.1093/aristoteliansupp/68.1.67
2154:: entry by James Ladyman in the
2070:, Lexington Books, 2018, p. 106.
1593:The Two Concepts of Probability"
1279:at the University of Pittsburgh.
1184:The logical analysis of language
997:
626:Carnap's birthplace in Wuppertal
558:
6259:German male non-fiction writers
6149:20th-century American essayists
3013:The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap
2955:In Search of Mathematical Roots
2883:Online version in three parts:
2877:
2850:
2796:
2783:
2715:10.1090/s0002-9904-1939-07085-7
2679:
2672:10.1090/S0002-9904-1938-06694-3
2636:
2629:10.1090/s0002-9904-1929-04818-3
2593:
2518:
2494:
2457:
2432:
2402:
2389:
2380:
2367:
2356:
2302:
2275:
2262:
2227:
2191:
2178:
2145:
2138:-related pursuits "ill-fated" (
2125:
2112:
2099:
1724:The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap
1640:Empiricism, Semantics, Ontology
1631:. University of Chicago Press.
1622:. University of Chicago Press.
429:Framework-relative constitutive
6289:People from the Rhine Province
5284:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
5058:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
3565:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
3277:. reprinted in frontmatter of
2936:. Cambridge University Press.
2915:. Cambridge University Press.
2650:The Logical Syntax of Language
2086:
2081:The Logical Syntax of Language
2073:
2060:
2049:
1961:
1946:
1904:
1729:Library Of Living Philosophers
1677:. University of Chicago Press.
1529:The Logical Syntax of Language
1438:Introduction to Symbolic Logic
1436:Revised) English translation:
1194:The Logical Syntax of Language
957:analyticâsynthetic distinction
756:Frege's course exposed him to
528:General self-referential lemma
388:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
1:
6344:University of Chicago faculty
6249:German expatriates in Austria
4939:Principle of compositionality
3023:. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
1939:
1888:Rudolf Carnap: Early Writings
1540:Philosophy and Logical Syntax
1356:Physikalische Begriffsbildung
747:) in a supplemental issue of
393:Internalâexternal distinction
5088:Philosophical Investigations
3156:â Department of Philosophy,
3072:The New York Review of Books
3019:Spohn, Wolfgang, ed., 1991.
2985:From a Logical Point of View
2930:Roger F Gibson, ed. (2004).
1911:Interview with Rudolf Carnap
1715:"Intellectual Autobiography"
1600:, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp.513â532.
1394:Der Logische Aufbau der Welt
1388:). Berlin: Weltkreis-Verlag.
1386:Pseudoproblems in Philosophy
1367:"Physical Concept Formation"
1161:Pseudoproblems in Philosophy
1114:Der logische Aufbau der Welt
1107:Der Logische Aufbau der Welt
930:Institute for Advanced Study
617:
487:Epistemic structural realism
275:Other academic advisors
222:Institute for Advanced Study
7:
6354:University of Vienna alumni
6309:Philosophers of probability
6304:Philosophers of mathematics
5617:Hypothetico-deductive model
5592:Deductive-nomological model
5577:Constructivist epistemology
4929:Modality (natural language)
3224:FBI file on Rudolph Carnap
3171:, Philosophy at RBJones.com
3040:Wagner, Pierre, ed., 2012.
3033:Wagner, Pierre, ed., 2009.
3010:Schilpp, P. A., ed., 1963.
2999:Richardson, Alan W., 1998.
2987:. Harvard University Press.
2439:Frost-Arnold, Greg (2013).
2122:, Open Court, 2015, p. 142.
1917:
1518:Logische Syntax der Sprache
1190:Logische Syntax der Sprache
1070:
980:World Congress of Esperanto
936:(1952â1954), he joined the
913:(Carnap 1942, 1943, 1956),
877:beliefs put him at risk in
675:. He also intently studied
596:German-language philosopher
303:Other notable students
10:
6385:
5068:Language, Truth, and Logic
4808:Theological noncognitivism
4693:Contrast theory of meaning
4688:Causal theory of reference
4419:Index of language articles
3464:Causal theory of reference
3249:10.5840/philtoday200751332
3158:Carnegie Mellon University
2902:
1934:Second Davos Hochschulkurs
1588:, Vol. 12, pp. 72â97.
685:during a course taught by
18:
6349:University of Jena alumni
6269:Harvard University people
6071:
5903:
5805:
5735:
5678:Semantic view of theories
5597:Epistemological anarchism
5549:
5534:dependent and independent
5271:
5208:
5153:Philosophy of information
5140:
4989:
4841:
4753:Mediated reference theory
4678:
4425:
4416:
4348:
4323:
4285:
4259:
4233:
4205:
4149:
4121:
4058:
4037:
3976:
3934:
3911:
3888:
3790:
3734:
3696:
3640:
3547:
3451:
3401:
3375:
3339:
3332:
3220:(German) by Robert Bauer.
3169:The Life of Rudolf Carnap
3069:, Basic Books, 449 pp.),
3016:. LaSalle IL: Open Court.
2463:Christian Damböck (ed.),
2282:C. James Goodwin (2009).
2220:10.1007/s11229-015-0816-z
1924:Definitions of philosophy
1882:10.1007/s11229-015-0793-2
1565:Introduction to Semantics
1218:Introduction to Semantics
547:
356:
328:
302:
288:
274:
256:
231:
205:
169:
159:
149:
145:
111:
90:
49:
37:
30:
6294:Philosophers of language
5420:Intertheoretic reduction
5409:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
5386:Functional contextualism
5078:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
3524:Scientific structuralism
3212:University of Pittsburgh
3198:"Wahrheit und BewÀhrung"
2981:The Philosophical Review
2977:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
2812:The Philosophical Review
2465:Influences on the Aufbau
1543:. Bristol UK: Thoemmes.
1253:Primary source materials
941:Department of Philosophy
739:style, and published as
104:Santa Monica, California
6314:Philosophers of science
6184:American male essayists
5905:Philosophers of science
5683:Scientific essentialism
5632:Model-dependent realism
5567:Constructive empiricism
5460:Evidence-based practice
4879:Useâmention distinction
4723:Direct reference theory
3269:Homage to Rudolf Carnap
3007:. Cambridge Uni. Press.
2957:. Princeton Uni. Press.
2272:, Basic Books, p. 220.
2199:Dutilh Novaes, Catarina
1870:âValue Concepts (1958)â
1373:(2019) pp. 339â440
1341:(2019) pp. 21â208
852:intension and extension
682:Critique of Pure Reason
602:before 1935 and in the
450:observational statement
438:Intension and extension
154:20th-century philosophy
118:(B.A., 1914; PhD, 1921)
6369:Writers from Wuppertal
5988:Alfred North Whitehead
5978:Charles Sanders Peirce
4813:Theory of descriptions
4748:Linguistic determinism
4410:Philosophy of language
3580:Reflective equilibrium
3229:Luchte, James (2007).
3202:Paris Congress in 1935
3191:Paris Congress in 1935
3180:Paris Congress in 1935
3165:of Carnap's philosophy
3135:"Carnap's Modal Logic"
2589:on September 21, 2020.
2268:Rudolf Carnap (1966),
2201:; Reck, Erich (2017).
1574:Formalization of Logic
1504:(1965) pp. 60â81
1407:Rolf A. George, 1967.
1269:Notes (old), 1958â1966
1238:degree of confirmation
1222:Formalization of Logic
1159:, 1928; translated as
1151:Overcoming metaphysics
974:Carnap taught himself
961:verification principle
627:
536:Principle of tolerance
141:(Dr. phil. hab., 1926)
121:University of Freiburg
6299:Philosophers of logic
6204:Analytic philosophers
6174:American Esperantists
6144:20th-century atheists
6087:Philosophy portal
5838:Hard and soft science
5833:Faith and rationality
5702:Scientific skepticism
5482:Scientific Revolution
5265:Philosophy of science
4924:Mental representation
4859:Linguistic relativity
4743:Inquisitive semantics
4251:Nicholas Wolterstorff
3706:David Malet Armstrong
3208:Rudolf Carnap Papers:
3109:, André Carus in the
3044:. Palgrave Macmillan.
3037:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2951:Ivor Grattan-Guinness
2738:Philosophy of Science
2702:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
2659:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
2616:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
2041:, André Carus in the
1969:Philosophy of Science
1833:Two Essays on Entropy
1625:1950, (1962 2nd ed:)
1613:, Vol. 8, pp.133â148.
1586:Philosophy of Science
1577:. Harvard Uni. Press.
1568:. Harvard Uni. Press.
1483:English translation:
1299:Selected publications
1192:(1934; translated as
928:After a stint at the
925:(Carnap 1950, 1952).
887:University of Chicago
789:, a professor at the
763:Principia Mathematica
702:German Youth Movement
625:
497:Intensional semantics
472:axiom system is also
464:Forkability theorem (
347:Philosophy of science
218:University of Chicago
6324:Philosophy academics
6319:Philosophers of time
6209:Atheist philosophers
5813:Criticism of science
5688:Scientific formalism
5572:Constructive realism
5477:Scientific pluralism
5450:Problem of induction
5108:Naming and Necessity
5018:De Arte Combinatoria
4817:Definite description
4778:Semantic externalism
2572:10.1093/mind/fzaa061
2386:Mormann 2000, p. 14.
2152:"Structural Realism"
2134:pronounces Carnap's
1735:p. 3â83 (1963)
1582:"On Inductive Logic"
1524:English translation:
1405:English translation:
1359:. Karlsruhe: Braun.
1332:English translation:
1126:University of Vienna
1021:improve this section
859:University of Prague
791:University of Vienna
713:University of Berlin
531:Carnapian (concept)
210:University of Vienna
139:University of Vienna
130:University of Berlin
6239:German Esperantists
6199:American socialists
5880:Rhetoric of science
5818:Descriptive science
5562:Confirmation holism
5455:Scientific evidence
5415:Inductive reasoning
5344:Demarcation problem
5158:Philosophical logic
5148:Analytic philosophy
4954:Sense and reference
4833:Verification theory
4788:Situation semantics
4073:Patricia Churchland
4004:Christine Korsgaard
3890:Logical positivists
3782:Ludwig Wittgenstein
3559:paradox of analysis
3326:Analytic philosophy
3264:, 15 September 1970
3092:(1) (2000):151â172.
3059:"Positive Thinking"
2607:Abriss der Logistik
2188:II (1932): 219â241.
1876:, 194(1): 185â194.
1786:, ed. Basic Books.
1399:habilitation thesis
1363:English translation
1242:relative frequency.
1145:constitution theory
1065:philosophy of logic
883:naturalized citizen
654:Carolo-Alexandrinum
610:and an advocate of
425:Formal epistemology
417:Constructed systems
401:Constitution theory
380:Logical behaviorism
377:in linguistic terms
323:Yehoshua Bar-Hillel
196:Logical behaviorism
6329:Philosophy writers
6179:American logicians
6099:Science portal
6028:Carl Gustav Hempel
5983:Wilhelm Windelband
5870:Questionable cause
5693:Scientific realism
5514:Underdetermination
5349:Empirical evidence
5339:Creative synthesis
5008:Port-Royal Grammar
4904:Family resemblance
4823:Theory of language
4798:Supposition theory
4246:William Lane Craig
3964:Friedrich Waismann
3921:Carl Gustav Hempel
3880:Timothy Williamson
3840:Alasdair MacIntyre
3698:Australian realism
3678:Russ Shafer-Landau
3539:Analytical Thomism
3494:Logical positivism
3261:The New York Times
2644:Mac Lane, Saunders
2467:, Springer, p. 55.
1501:Logical Positivism
1468:10.1007/BF02028153
989:Philosophical work
963:. His writings on
907:Charles Hartshorne
895:Harvard University
891:Carl Gustav Hempel
803:Friedrich Waismann
776:logical positivist
721:University of Jena
695:mathematical logic
669:University of Jena
628:
612:logical positivism
598:who was active in
591:[ËkaÊnaËp]
505:state-descriptions
483:Logical positivism
421:Conceptual schemes
307:Carl Gustav Hempel
214:Charles University
188:Logical positivism
164:Western philosophy
116:University of Jena
6264:German socialists
6169:American atheists
6106:
6105:
5948:
5947:
5860:Normative science
5717:Uniformitarianism
5472:Scientific method
5366:Explanatory power
5231:
5230:
4733:Dynamic semantics
4376:
4375:
4344:
4343:
4060:Pittsburgh School
4050:Peter van Inwagen
3984:Roderick Chisholm
3972:
3971:
3865:Richard Swinburne
3800:G. E. M. Anscombe
3636:
3635:
3534:Analytic theology
3509:Ordinary language
3447:
3446:
2695:by Rudolf Carnap"
2609:by Rudolf Carnap"
2295:978-0-470-52278-3
2136:Gabelbarkeitssatz
2066:Arthur Sullivan,
1913:, German TV, 1964
1462:: 219â241. 1931.
1347:978-0-19-874840-3
1057:
1056:
1049:
899:Charles W. Morris
834:In February 1930
770:, the founder of
715:, 1917â18, where
551:
550:
466:Gabelbarkeitssatz
289:Doctoral students
134:graduate research
95:14 September 1970
6376:
6254:German logicians
6244:German essayists
6097:
6096:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6058:Bas van Fraassen
6013:Hans Reichenbach
5993:Bertrand Russell
5910:
5909:
5736:Philosophy of...
5519:Unity of science
5312:Commensurability
5258:
5251:
5244:
5235:
5234:
5193:Formal semantics
5141:Related articles
5133:
5123:
5113:
5103:
5093:
5083:
5073:
5063:
5053:
5043:
5033:
5023:
5013:
5003:
4773:Relevance theory
4768:Phallogocentrism
4403:
4396:
4389:
4380:
4379:
4366:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4295:Nancy Cartwright
4136:Nicholas Rescher
4113:Bas van Fraassen
4103:Nicholas Rescher
3926:Hans Reichenbach
3909:
3908:
3875:Bernard Williams
3772:Bertrand Russell
3694:
3693:
3628:Rigid designator
3591:
3590:
3337:
3336:
3333:Related articles
3319:
3312:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3285:Carnap lecturing
3252:
3236:Philosophy Today
3152:Homepage of the
3144:
3133:Cresswell, M.J.
3129:
3079:Psillos, Stathis
2947:
2926:
2896:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2800:
2794:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2699:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2656:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2613:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2582:. Archived from
2566:(521): 317â326.
2555:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2477:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2418:Rose Rand Papers
2415:
2406:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2371:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2195:
2189:
2182:
2176:
2171:
2160:
2149:
2143:
2129:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2032:
2019:
2012:
1999:
1998:
1985:Zalta, Edward N.
1981:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1950:
1892:Michael Friedman
1719:Schilpp. Paul A.
1479:
1453:
1099:natural sciences
1095:pure mathematics
1052:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1001:
993:
945:Hans Reichenbach
823:Hans Reichenbach
783:Hans Reichenbach
758:Bertrand Russell
725:axiomatic theory
662:
636:Wilhelm Dörpfeld
593:
588:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
522:logical analysis
509:Carnap sentences
446:Beobachtungssatz
319:Raymond Smullyan
315:Herbert A. Simon
311:Peter G. Ossorio
283:Heinrich Rickert
270:(Dr. phil. hab.)
258:Doctoral advisor
100:
98:
59:
57:
42:
28:
27:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6229:German atheists
6224:Epistemologists
6109:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6091:
6081:
6079:
6067:
6048:Paul Feyerabend
6008:Michael Polanyi
5944:
5930:Galileo Galilei
5899:
5885:Science studies
5801:
5731:
5722:Verificationism
5627:Instrumentalism
5612:Foundationalism
5587:Conventionalism
5545:
5381:Feminist method
5267:
5262:
5232:
5227:
5204:
5183:School of Names
5136:
5131:
5121:
5111:
5101:
5098:Of Grammatology
5091:
5081:
5071:
5061:
5051:
5041:
5031:
5021:
5011:
5001:
4985:
4837:
4783:Semantic holism
4763:Non-cognitivism
4703:Conventionalism
4674:
4421:
4412:
4407:
4377:
4372:
4363:
4340:
4331:Jan Ćukasiewicz
4319:
4287:Stanford School
4281:
4267:Paul Feyerabend
4255:
4241:Alvin Plantinga
4229:
4215:James F. Conant
4201:
4145:
4117:
4108:Wilfrid Sellars
4098:Alexander Pruss
4078:Paul Churchland
4054:
4033:
3989:Donald Davidson
3968:
3930:
3907:
3884:
3810:Michael Dummett
3786:
3777:Frank P. Ramsey
3730:
3692:
3668:Jaakko Hintikka
3653:Keith Donnellan
3632:
3589:
3543:
3504:Neurophilosophy
3489:Logical atomism
3443:
3397:
3371:
3328:
3323:
3120:"Rudolf Carnap"
3103:"Rudolf Carnap"
3099:
3051:
3049:Further reading
2944:
2923:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2824:10.2307/2184531
2801:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2730:
2723:
2708:(11): 821â822.
2697:
2684:
2680:
2654:
2641:
2637:
2611:
2598:
2594:
2586:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2328:
2321:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2280:
2276:
2267:
2263:
2232:
2228:
2196:
2192:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2163:
2150:
2146:
2130:
2126:
2117:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2087:
2079:Rudolf Carnap,
2078:
2074:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2035:"Rudolf Carnap"
2033:
2022:
2013:
2002:
1982:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1957:" â ndpr.nd.edu
1951:
1947:
1942:
1920:
1907:
1820:Jaakko Hintikka
1812:Hintikka (1975)
1788:Online excerpt.
1751:Paul Benacerraf
1656:Paul Benacerraf
1451:
1371:Collected Works
1322:doctoral thesis
1320:. 56 (his 1921
1318:ErgÀnzungshefte
1301:
1261:Begriffsschrift
1255:
1226:inductive logic
1210:
1208:Inductive logic
1186:
1177:Wittgensteinian
1153:
1116:(translated as
1110:
1075:
1053:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1018:
1002:
991:
969:inductive logic
923:inductive logic
840:model theoretic
717:Albert Einstein
656:
620:
586:
561:
557:
543:
537:
535:
530:
526:
524:
516:Elimination of
515:
511:
507:
495:
489:
485:
481:
463:
453:
444:
440:
436:
427:
423:
419:
415:
413:Inductive logic
411:
403:
399:
397:Confirmationism
395:
391:
386:
382:
378:
373:
367:
366:
359:
349:
345:
331:
321:
317:
313:
309:
295:
281:
266:
265:(Ph.D. advisor)
252:
224:
220:
216:
212:
198:
194:
192:Logical atomism
190:
186:
182:
178:
137:
128:
119:
107:
101:
96:
94:
86:
61:
55:
53:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6382:
6372:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6089:
6077:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6033:W. V. O. Quine
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5968:Rudolf Steiner
5965:
5960:
5958:Henri Poincaré
5955:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5828:Exact sciences
5825:
5820:
5815:
5809:
5807:
5806:Related topics
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5765:Social science
5762:
5761:
5760:
5758:Space and time
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5671:
5662:
5657:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5467:Scientific law
5464:
5463:
5462:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5376:Falsifiability
5373:
5368:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5305:Mill's Methods
5297:
5286:
5281:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5261:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5238:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5124:
5114:
5104:
5094:
5084:
5074:
5064:
5054:
5044:
5034:
5024:
5014:
5004:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4934:Presupposition
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4713:Deconstruction
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4406:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4315:Patrick Suppes
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4197:Michael Walzer
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4083:Adolf GrĂŒnbaum
4080:
4075:
4070:
4068:Robert Brandom
4064:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4024:W. V. O. Quine
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3999:Nelson Goodman
3996:
3994:Daniel Dennett
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3959:Moritz Schlick
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3870:Charles Taylor
3867:
3862:
3860:P. F. Strawson
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Norman Malcolm
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3726:J. J. C. Smart
3723:
3718:
3713:
3711:David Chalmers
3708:
3702:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3673:Giuseppe Peano
3670:
3665:
3663:Edmund Gettier
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3618:Possible world
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3570:Counterfactual
3567:
3562:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3429:Paraconsistent
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3340:Areas of focus
3334:
3330:
3329:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3282:
3265:
3253:
3243:(3): 241â260.
3226:
3221:
3215:
3205:
3204:, Paris, 1936.
3194:
3193:, Paris, 1936.
3183:
3182:, Paris, 1936.
3172:
3166:
3160:
3150:
3145:
3130:
3118:Murzi, Mauro.
3115:
3107:Hannes Leitgeb
3098:
3097:External links
3095:
3094:
3093:
3076:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3008:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2968:
2961:Thomas Mormann
2958:
2948:
2942:
2927:
2922:978-0521840156
2921:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2876:
2849:
2818:(1): 116â121.
2795:
2782:
2770:, and Tarski,
2750:10.1086/288480
2721:
2687:Church, Alonzo
2678:
2665:(3): 171â176.
2635:
2622:(6): 880â881.
2592:
2538:
2517:
2493:
2469:
2456:
2449:
2431:
2401:
2388:
2379:
2366:
2355:
2348:
2319:
2301:
2294:
2274:
2261:
2226:
2190:
2177:
2161:
2144:
2124:
2118:Thomas Uebel,
2111:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2048:
2039:Hannes Leitgeb
2020:
2000:
1973:
1971:, 1, pp. 5â19.
1960:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1896:
1895:
1890:, A.W. Carus,
1884:
1866:
1851:
1844:Jeffrey, R. C.
1840:
1837:Shimony, Abner
1829:
1815:
1814:
1801:
1790:
1784:Martin Gardner
1774:
1764:
1747:
1745:978-0812691535
1711:
1704:, and Tarski,
1694:
1678:
1669:
1654:reprinted in:
1636:
1623:
1614:
1601:
1589:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1547:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1510:978-0029011300
1444:
1443:
1442:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1389:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1300:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1254:
1251:
1209:
1206:
1185:
1182:
1169:symbolic logic
1152:
1149:
1134:symbolic logic
1124:thesis at the
1109:
1104:
1074:
1069:
1055:
1054:
1005:
1003:
996:
990:
987:
965:thermodynamics
903:Richard McKeon
869:Carnap, whose
787:Moritz Schlick
768:Edmund Husserl
693:'s courses in
619:
616:
549:
548:
545:
544:
542:
541:
492:logically true
384:Extensionalism
364:
363:
362:
360:
357:
354:
353:
332:
330:Main interests
329:
326:
325:
304:
300:
299:
290:
286:
285:
276:
272:
271:
268:Moritz Schlick
260:
254:
253:
251:
250:
244:
237:
235:
229:
228:
207:
203:
202:
173:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
143:
142:
113:
109:
108:
102:
99:(aged 79)
92:
88:
87:
62:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6381:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6364:Vienna Circle
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6018:Rudolf Carnap
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5953:Auguste Comte
5951:
5950:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5925:Francis Bacon
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5853:Pseudoscience
5851:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5712:Structuralism
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5674:Received view
5672:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5582:Contextualism
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5254:
5252:
5247:
5245:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:Scholasticism
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4793:Structuralism
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Descriptivism
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4698:Contrastivism
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4369:
4361:
4359:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4337:
4336:Alfred Tarski
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4305:Peter Galison
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4192:Nathan Salmon
4190:
4188:
4187:Richard Rorty
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:Alonzo Church
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Ruth Millikan
4091:
4089:
4088:John McDowell
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:Hilary Putnam
4017:
4015:
4014:Robert Nozick
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Rudolf Carnap
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3936:Vienna Circle
3933:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3913:Berlin Circle
3910:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Philippa Foot
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:Graham Priest
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:Charlie Broad
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:Gottlob Frege
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3585:Supervenience
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:Functionalism
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3469:Descriptivism
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Philosophical
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Non-classical
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3315:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2971:Willard Quine
2969:
2967:. C. H. Beck.
2966:
2965:Rudolf Carnap
2962:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2527:
2521:
2503:
2497:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2450:9780812698374
2446:
2442:
2435:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2392:
2383:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2359:
2351:
2349:9780520068476
2345:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2326:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2115:
2108:
2105:A. W. Carus,
2102:
2095:
2092:A. W. Carus,
2089:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:"Behaviorism"
1986:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:3-534-14298-5
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:Jeffrey, R. C
1795:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1755:Hilary Putnam
1752:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:0-8126-9153-9
1738:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:9780486604534
1689:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1660:Hilary Putnam
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1532:. Kegan Paul.
1531:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1494:(trans.) in:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1419:0-812-69523-2
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1051:
1048:
1040:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1006:This section
1004:
1000:
995:
994:
986:
983:
981:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:Alfred Tarski
832:
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:Herbert Feigl
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:Vienna Circle
792:
788:
784:
779:
778:perspective.
777:
773:
772:phenomenology
769:
765:
764:
759:
754:
752:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
703:
698:
696:
692:
691:Gottlob Frege
688:
684:
683:
678:
677:Immanuel Kant
674:
670:
666:
663:Gymnasium in
660:
655:
651:
648:
643:
641:
637:
634:
633:archaeologist
624:
615:
613:
609:
608:Vienna Circle
605:
604:United States
601:
597:
592:
582:
555:
554:Rudolf Carnap
546:
540:
539:Compatibilism
534:
529:
523:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
488:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
461:
457:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
385:
381:
376:
375:Phenomenalism
372:
369:
368:
361:
358:Notable ideas
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
301:
298:
294:
293:Abner Shimony
291:
287:
284:
280:
279:Gottlob Frege
277:
273:
269:
264:
261:
259:
255:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
236:
234:
230:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:Vienna Circle
181:
177:
174:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
131:
126:
125:audit student
122:
117:
114:
110:
105:
93:
89:
85:
84:German Empire
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
52:
48:
41:
36:
32:Rudolf Carnap
29:
26:
22:
6063:Larry Laudan
6043:Imre Lakatos
6017:
5998:Otto Neurath
5973:Karl Pearson
5963:Pierre Duhem
5935:Isaac Newton
5865:Protoscience
5823:Epistemology
5697:Anti-realism
5695: /
5676: /
5667: /
5653: /
5651:Reductionism
5649: /
5622:Inductionism
5602:Evolutionism
5407:
5294:a posteriori
5293:
5289:
5126:
5116:
5106:
5096:
5086:
5076:
5066:
5056:
5036:
5026:
5016:
5006:
4996:
4978:
4919:Metalanguage
4914:Logical form
4869:Truth-bearer
4828:Unilalianism
4738:Expressivism
4574:
4565:Wittgenstein
4510:von Humboldt
4427:Philosophers
4225:Cora Diamond
4141:Morton White
4009:Thomas Nagel
3954:Otto Neurath
3943:
3903:Ernest Nagel
3850:Gilbert Ryle
3845:Derek Parfit
3805:J. L. Austin
3752:Casimir Lewy
3721:Peter Singer
3716:J. L. Mackie
3688:Barry Stroud
3648:Noam Chomsky
3641:Philosophers
3575:Natural kind
3459:Anti-realism
3419:Mathematical
3393:Performative
3352:Epistemology
3278:
3274:
3268:
3259:
3258:obituary in
3240:
3234:
3201:
3190:
3179:
3138:
3123:
3110:
3089:
3086:
3070:
3066:
3063:Karl Sigmund
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3004:
3000:
2994:. MIT Press.
2991:
2984:
2980:
2964:
2954:
2932:
2911:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2861:
2852:
2843:
2815:
2811:
2798:
2785:
2771:
2761:
2741:
2737:
2705:
2701:
2692:
2681:
2662:
2658:
2649:
2638:
2619:
2615:
2606:
2595:
2584:the original
2563:
2557:
2529:. Retrieved
2520:
2508:. Retrieved
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2464:
2459:
2440:
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2417:
2409:Rand, Rose.
2404:
2396:
2391:
2382:
2374:
2369:
2358:
2333:
2312:
2304:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2210:
2206:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2155:
2147:
2135:
2132:Steve Awodey
2127:
2119:
2114:
2106:
2101:
2093:
2088:
2080:
2075:
2067:
2062:
2051:
2042:
2015:
1992:
1968:
1963:
1954:
1948:
1910:
1899:
1897:
1887:
1873:
1854:
1847:
1832:
1823:
1807:
1793:
1777:
1773:Basic Books.
1768:
1758:
1722:
1705:
1681:
1672:
1664:
1643:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1595:
1585:
1573:
1563:
1556:
1550:
1538:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1499:
1482:
1459:
1455:
1435:
1426:
1408:
1404:
1393:
1385:
1379:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1338:
1331:
1326:Kant-Studien
1325:
1317:
1313:Kant-Studien
1311:
1305:
1289:
1283:
1259:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1122:habilitation
1117:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1061:epistemology
1058:
1043:
1034:
1019:Please help
1007:
984:
973:
953:loyalty oath
927:
879:Nazi Germany
868:
856:
833:
826:
819:Wittgenstein
807:Otto Neurath
780:
761:
755:
750:Kant-Studien
748:
744:
740:
706:
699:
680:
644:
629:
553:
552:
494:) statements
477:
465:
459:
456:categoricity
445:
431:
343:Epistemology
338:
297:David Kaplan
249: (1926)
246:
243: (1921)
240:
206:Institutions
97:(1970-09-14)
25:
6284:Ontologists
6219:Empiricists
6124:1970 deaths
6119:1891 births
6053:Ian Hacking
6038:Thomas Kuhn
6023:Karl Popper
6003:C. D. Broad
5920:Roger Bacon
5848:Non-science
5790:Linguistics
5770:Archaeology
5665:Rationalism
5655:Determinism
5642:Physicalism
5607:Fallibilism
5557:Coherentism
5487:Testability
5440:Observation
5435:Objectivity
5396:alternative
5327:Correlation
5317:Consilience
5163:Linguistics
5128:Limited Inc
5048:On Denoting
4874:Proposition
4525:de Saussure
4490:Ibn Khaldun
4324:Lwow-Warsaw
4310:Ian Hacking
4277:Karl Popper
4272:Thomas Kuhn
4220:Alice Crary
4182:Saul Kripke
4177:Jaegwon Kim
4172:David Lewis
4162:Jerry Fodor
4131:Susan Haack
4045:Robert Audi
3855:John Searle
3825:Peter Geach
3815:Antony Flew
3762:G. E. Moore
3683:Ernest Sosa
3613:Possibility
3362:Mathematics
3347:Metaphysics
3196:R. Carnap:
3185:R. Carnap:
3174:R. Carnap:
3061:(review of
2869:January 11,
2804:Levi, Isaac
2601:Weiss, Paul
2531:December 2,
2510:December 2,
2486:December 2,
2213:: 195â215.
1905:Filmography
1492:Pap, Arthur
1293:finding aid
1165:metaphysics
919:probability
915:modal logic
863:W. V. Quine
861:. In 1933,
709:World War I
687:Bruno Bauch
657: [
533:explication
518:metaphysics
499:evaluating
474:categorical
460:Monomorphie
409:modal logic
371:Physicalism
263:Bruno Bauch
60:18 May 1891
6113:Categories
5940:David Hume
5913:Precursors
5795:Psychology
5775:Economicsâ
5669:Empiricism
5660:Pragmatism
5647:Positivism
5637:Naturalism
5507:scientific
5391:Hypothesis
5354:Experiment
5223:Discussion
5218:Task Force
5168:Pragmatics
4959:Speech act
4889:Categories
4803:Symbiosism
4758:Nominalism
4670:Watzlawick
4550:Bloomfield
4470:Chrysippus
4300:John Dupré
4167:Kurt Gödel
4123:Pragmatism
4038:Notre Dame
4029:John Rawls
3898:A. J. Ayer
3835:R. M. Hare
3830:Paul Grice
3742:Arif Ahmed
3529:Sense data
3514:Pragmatism
3388:Linguistic
3105:entry by
2943:0521639492
2863:PhilPapers
2776:De Finetti
2744:(4): 349.
2186:Erkenntnis
2037:entry by
1940:References
1733:Open Court
1646:4: 20â40.
1456:Erkenntnis
1328:journal).
959:, and the
842:method of
828:Erkenntnis
815:Kurt Gödel
640:Protestant
525:Omega-rule
468:): "every
180:Nominalism
136:, 1917â18)
127:, 1911â12)
72:DĂŒsseldorf
56:1891-05-18
21:Carnapping
6279:Lecturers
5780:Geography
5748:Chemistry
5707:Scientism
5502:ladenness
5322:Construct
5300:Causality
5200:Semiotics
5188:Semantics
5038:Alciphron
4974:Statement
4909:Intension
4849:Ambiguity
4728:Dramatism
4708:Cratylism
4460:Eubulides
4455:Aristotle
4435:Confucius
4150:Princeton
3949:Hans Hahn
3735:Cambridge
3608:Necessity
3603:Actualism
3474:Emotivism
3439:Predicate
3409:Classical
3055:Holt, Jim
2832:0031-8108
2758:0031-8248
2691:"Review:
2648:"Review:
2605:"Review:
2580:0026-4423
2242:: 67â83.
1496:Ayer, A.J
1476:144658746
1037:June 2022
1008:does not
976:Esperanto
943:in 1954,
934:Princeton
911:semantics
871:socialist
848:Rose Rand
844:semantics
799:Hans Hahn
650:Gymnasium
618:Biography
478:monomorph
462:) problem
454:Carnap's
405:Semantics
390:(revised)
351:Semantics
112:Education
6075:Category
5727:Vitalism
5550:Theories
5524:Variable
5445:Paradigm
5332:function
5290:A priori
5279:Analysis
5272:Concepts
5213:Category
5173:Rhetoric
4998:Cratylus
4969:Sentence
4944:Property
4864:Language
4842:Concepts
4680:Theories
4645:Strawson
4630:Davidson
4620:Hintikka
4615:Anscombe
4560:Vygotsky
4515:Mauthner
4485:Averroes
4475:Zhuangzi
4465:Diodorus
4445:Cratylus
4358:Category
4234:Reformed
4207:Quietism
3595:Modality
3555:Analysis
3548:Concepts
3519:Quietism
3479:Feminism
3452:Theories
3357:Language
2963:, 2000.
2953:, 2000.
2806:(1983).
2689:(1939).
2646:(1938).
2603:(1929).
2309:"Carnap"
2207:Synthese
1918:See also
1874:Synthese
1808:Synthese
1757:(eds.),
1662:(eds.),
1652:23932367
1633:pp. 3â15
1545:Excerpt.
1220:, 1942;
1216:, 1939;
1072:Der Raum
875:pacifist
753:(1922).
741:Der Raum
652:and the
520:through
501:formulas
490:L-true (
470:complete
433:a priori
176:Analytic
64:Ronsdorf
5785:History
5753:Physics
5743:Biology
5541:more...
5529:control
5425:Inquiry
4980:more...
4884:Concept
4625:Dummett
4600:Gadamer
4595:Chomsky
4580:Derrida
4570:Russell
4555:Bergson
4540:Tillich
4500:Leibniz
4440:Gorgias
4260:Science
3977:Harvard
3623:Realism
3499:Marxism
3414:Deviant
3383:Aretaic
3367:Science
2975:1951, "
2903:Sources
2840:2184531
2424:May 16,
2256:4107023
1987:(ed.).
1822:(ed.),
1796:. with
1731:V. XI,
1638:1950. "
1591:1945. "
1139:In the
1029:removed
1014:sources
817:. When
737:Kantian
673:physics
587:German:
442:Functor
80:Prussia
5497:choice
5492:Theory
5430:Nature
5359:design
5132:(1988)
5122:(1982)
5112:(1980)
5102:(1967)
5092:(1953)
5082:(1951)
5072:(1936)
5062:(1921)
5052:(1905)
5042:(1732)
5032:(1668)
5022:(1666)
5012:(1660)
5002:(n.d.)
4964:Symbol
4665:Searle
4655:Putnam
4605:Kripke
4590:Austin
4575:Carnap
4520:RicĆur
4505:Herder
4495:Hobbes
3792:Oxford
3281:(1975)
3271:(1970)
3163:Precis
3026:1991.
3003:Aufbau
2990:1985,
2940:
2919:
2838:
2830:
2768:Suppes
2756:
2578:
2447:
2346:
2292:
2254:
1886:2019.
1868:2017,
1861:
1853:2000.
1846:(ed.)
1831:1977.
1792:1971.
1776:1966.
1766:1966.
1753:&
1739:
1721:(ed.)
1713:1963,
1702:Suppes
1690:
1680:1958.
1671:1952.
1668:(1964)
1658:&
1650:
1616:1947.
1603:1947.
1580:1945.
1571:1943.
1562:1942.
1549:1939,
1537:1935.
1526:1937,
1516:1934.
1508:
1498:(ed.)
1474:
1446:1931.
1441:(1958)
1425:1929.
1417:
1391:1928.
1378:1928.
1353:1926.
1345:
1304:1922.
1284:Aufbau
1141:Aufbau
1130:Aufbau
809:, and
647:Barmen
600:Europe
339:·
337:
233:Theses
171:School
160:Region
106:, U.S.
68:Lennep
4990:Works
4899:Class
4660:Lewis
4650:Quine
4635:Grice
4585:Whorf
4545:Sapir
4530:Frege
4480:Xunzi
4450:Plato
4368:Index
3402:Logic
3376:Turns
3275:et al
2836:JSTOR
2764:Nagel
2698:(PDF)
2655:(PDF)
2612:(PDF)
2587:(PDF)
2554:(PDF)
2505:(PDF)
2414:(PDF)
2252:JSTOR
1803:1973
1698:Nagel
1648:JSTOR
1472:S2CID
1452:(PDF)
1397:(his
745:Space
729:space
661:]
341:
335:Logic
76:Rhine
5401:null
5371:Fact
5292:and
4949:Sign
4854:Cant
4640:Ryle
4610:Ayer
4535:Boas
2938:ISBN
2917:ISBN
2871:2024
2828:ISSN
2791:here
2754:ISSN
2576:ISSN
2559:Mind
2533:2015
2512:2015
2488:2015
2445:ISBN
2426:2013
2344:ISBN
2290:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1063:and
1012:any
1010:cite
938:UCLA
921:and
873:and
733:time
731:and
665:Jena
407:for
365:List
226:UCLA
91:Died
50:Born
4894:Set
3245:doi
2979:."
2820:doi
2746:doi
2710:doi
2667:doi
2624:doi
2568:doi
2564:131
2244:doi
2215:doi
2211:194
1878:doi
1717:in
1642:",
1607:in
1584:in
1555:in
1464:doi
1023:by
932:in
727:of
679:'s
569:ÉËr
503:in
150:Era
6115::
5050:"
3241:51
3239:.
3233:.
3214:.)
3200:,
3189:,
3178:,
3137:.
3122:.
3090:31
3085:,
3081:,
3065:,
3057:,
2891:,
2887:,
2860:.
2842:.
2834:.
2826:.
2816:92
2814:.
2810:.
2766:,
2760:.
2752:.
2742:39
2740:.
2736:.
2724:^
2706:45
2704:.
2700:.
2663:44
2661:.
2657:.
2620:35
2618:.
2614:.
2574:.
2562:.
2556:.
2541:^
2472:^
2416:.
2342:.
2340:23
2322:^
2311:.
2250:.
2240:68
2238:.
2209:.
2205:.
2164:^
2142:).
2023:^
2003:^
1991:.
1976:^
1900:".
1872:,
1865:..
1835:.
1782:.
1743:,
1700:,
1520:.
1470:.
1458:.
1454:.
1431:.
1365::
1316:,
1310:,
1097:,
1067:.
905:,
846:.
831:.
805:,
801:,
704:.
697:.
659:de
614:.
585:;
480:)"
82:,
78:,
74:,
70:,
66:,
5257:e
5250:t
5243:v
5046:"
4819:)
4815:(
4402:e
4395:t
4388:v
3561:)
3557:(
3318:e
3311:t
3304:v
3251:.
3247::
3143:.
3128:.
2946:.
2925:.
2895:.
2893:3
2889:2
2885:1
2873:.
2822::
2793:,
2748::
2718:.
2712::
2675:.
2669::
2632:.
2626::
2570::
2535:.
2514:.
2490:.
2453:.
2428:.
2352:.
2317:.
2298:.
2258:.
2246::
2223:.
2217::
1997:.
1880::
1771:.
1726:,
1635:.
1485:"
1478:.
1466::
1460:2
1434:(
1384:(
1286:.
1081:(
1050:)
1044:(
1039:)
1035:(
1031:.
1017:.
743:(
581:/
578:p
575:ĂŠ
572:n
566:k
563:Ë
560:/
556:(
476:(
458:(
452:)
448:(
132:(
123:(
58:)
54:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)