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43:
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128:
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541:(1738), also written for the private circle of Frederick, Prince of Wales, in which Bolingbroke had "raised the spectre of permanent standing armies that might be turned against the British people rather than their enemies". Hence British naval power could be equated with civil liberty, since an island nation with a strong navy to defend it could afford to dispense with a
560:, it could be argued that the words referred to the alleged Spanish aggression against British merchant vessels that caused the war. The time was still to come when the Royal Navy would be an unchallenged dominant force on the oceans. The jesting lyrics of the mid-18th century would assume a material and patriotic significance by the end of the 19th century.
1495:
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62:
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Maurice
Willson Disher notes that the change from "Britannia, rule the waves" to "Britannia rules the waves" occurred in the Victorian era, at a time when the British did rule the waves and no longer needed to be exhorted to rule them. Disher also notes that the Victorians changed
532:
According to
Armitage "Rule, Britannia" was the most lasting expression of the conception of Britain and the British Empire that emerged in the 1730s, "predicated on a mixture of adulterated mercantilism, nationalistic anxiety and libertarian fervour". He equates the song with
943:(written with Rowe) Sullivan applied the tune of "Rule, Britannia!" to an instance in which Rowe's libretto quotes directly from the patriotic march. Finally, to celebrate the jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887, Sullivan added a chorus of "Rule, Britannia!" to the finale of
686:—and the presentation has been occasionally amended. For some years the performance at the Last Night of the Proms reverted to Sir Henry Wood's original arrangement. When Bryn Terfel performed it at the Proms in 1994 and 2008 he sang the third verse in
353:, and later rises from the sea and says goodbye to his comrades and messmates and his ship's captain. It is a traditional sailors' song and regularly performed by choirs, and its lyrics have many versions. A version written, composed and performed by
90:
524:
in the following year. Handel used the first phrase as part of the Act II soprano aria, "Prophetic visions strike my eye", when the soprano sings it at the words "War shall cease, welcome peace!" The song was seized upon by the
514:"Rule, Britannia!" soon developed an independent life of its own, separate from the masque of which it had formed a part. First heard in London in 1745, it achieved instant popularity. It quickly became so well known that
59:
61:
88:
682:, except that for many years up until 2000, the Sargent arrangement has been used. However, in recent years the inclusion of the song and other patriotic tunes has been much criticised—notably by
556:, which in the 17th century presented a major challenge to English sea power, was obviously past its peak by 1745, Britain did not yet "rule the waves", although, since it was written during the
582:"Rule, Britannia!" is often written as simply "Rule Britannia", omitting both the comma and the exclamation mark, which changes the interpretation of the lyric by altering the punctuation.
87:
506:
In this song, "Married to a mermaid" is pronounced as "marry-i-ed to a mer-may-ed", and "captain" as "cap-i-tain". Some versions replace "broad
Atlantic" for "deep Atlantic".
52:
89:
1042:
1763:
636:
959:, which traced the "history" of England from the time of the Druids up to Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, an event the ballet was meant to celebrate.
1703:
1357:
Scholes (p. 898) says "Beethoven wrote piano variations on the tune (poor ones), and many composers who were no
Beethovens have done the like".
225:
1748:
1723:
908:
876:"Huldigung der Königin Victoria von Grossbritannien" (Homage to Queen Victoria of Great Britain), Op. 103, where he also quotes the British
1133:
868:
quotes from it in "The Dream" (also known as "Il sogno") for piano, Op. 49, and wrote
Variations on Rule Britannia for orchestra, Op. 116.
1304:
1753:
335:, to form the repeated chorus of the comic song "Married to a Mermaid". This became extremely popular when Mallet produced his masque
1473:
596:
the waves!", changing the meaning of the verse. This addition of a terminal 's' to the lyrics is used as an example of a successful
777:
575:
1718:
1086:
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592:
that the repeated exclamation "Rule, Britannia! Britannia, rule the waves!" is often rendered as "Rule, Britannia! Britannia rule
534:
332:
552:
At the time it appeared, the song was not a celebration of an existing state of naval affairs, but an exhortation. Although the
861:
331:
In 1751 Mallet re-used the text of "Rule, Britannia!", omitting three of the original six stanzas and adding three new ones by
1535:
756:
1758:
1698:
349:
tells the story of a young man, in some versions a sailor or a farmer, who falls overboard from a ship and is married to a
1743:
1553:
809:
Arne's tune has been used by, or at least quoted by, a great many composers of which the following are a few examples.
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BBC Symphony
Orchestra, Bryn Terfel, Last Night of the Proms, Live 1994 copyright BBC and Teldec Classics GmbH
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Beethoven Haus Bonn, Variationen ĂĽber das englische
Volkslied "Rule Britannia" fĂĽr Klavier (D-Dur) WoO 79
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Note the repetition of the second line and of the word "Britannia" in the first line of the chorus.
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1446:. Musica Britannica vol. XLVII, editor: Alexander Scott, Stainer & Bell, London 1981,
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817:
937:, Sullivan used airs from "Rule, Britannia!" to highlight references to Great Britain. In
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The work was initially devised to commemorate the accession of
Frederick's grandfather
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1222:"when royal Charles by Heaven's command, arrived in Scotland's noble Plain, etc"
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1492:, (4:27 min, ca 4 MB, MP3 file, which has four verses, the third sung in Welsh)
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42). He subsequently made it the basis of his "GroĂźe Sonata" for piano, Op. 4.
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1385:"Official Singles Sales Chart on 28/8/2020 28 August 2020 - 3 September 2020"
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quoted from "Rule, Britannia!" on at least three occasions in music for his
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1131:"The Celebrated Ode in Honour of Great Britain, Called 'Rule, Britannia'".
945:
628:
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156:
828:", Op. 91, and in extracted and varied form in the second movement of his
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737: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Poetry and
Jacobite Politics in Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland
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913:- Six airs anglese transcrite et variée, 1re. Suite No. 8, Op. 44.
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The song was originally the final musical number in Thomas Arne's
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The song assumed extra significance in 1945 at the conclusion of
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in the same year. It is most strongly associated with the
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647:
529:, who altered Thomson's words to a pro-Jacobite version.
872:
quoted the song in full as the introduction to his 1838
835:
The music has been used for the
American patriotic song
642:"Rule, Britannia!" (in an orchestral arrangement by Sir
615:
when it was played at the ceremonial surrender of the
143:, originating from the 1740 poem "Rule, Britannia" by
953:. Sullivan also quoted the tune in his 1897 ballet
326:
1040:Sambrook, James (24 May 2008). "Thomson, James".
979:, a recorded version of the song featuring Welsh
123:First page of an 1890s edition of the sheet music
1685:
637:Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
549:, was seen as a threat and a source of tyranny.
229:by James Thomson, Published 1763, Vol II, p. 191
995:Weekly chart performance for "Rule Britannia"
986:charted at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart.
456:Britons never, never, never shall be slaves...
433:Britons never, never, never shall be slaves...
407:Britons never, never, never shall be slaves...
384:Britons never, never, never shall be slaves...
1529:
1234:The Ideological Origins of the British Empire
899:Op. 43, where he also makes use of the song "
608:in the line "Britons never shall be slaves".
479:Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.
1134:The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular
1306:The British Empire and the Second World War
1046:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
674:). It has always been the last part of Sir
1536:
1522:
1236:. Cambridge University Press. p. 173.
1210:. Cambridge University Press. p. 83.
1166:
1164:
846:("Britannia: an allegorical overture") by
635:forces played as Supreme Allied Commander
314:Blest Isle! With matchless beauty crown'd,
99:recorded by Albert Farrington in 1914 for
1474:International Music Score Library Project
1091:The Britannia and Castle: Norfolk Section
797:Learn how and when to remove this message
258:While thou shalt flourish great and free,
1231:
1039:
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270:More dreadful, from each foreign stroke;
126:
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1764:Songs of the American Revolutionary War
1302:
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1161:
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1043:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
860:in D major based on the theme in 1837 (
391:When up to the top he came with a bang,
272:As the loud blast that tears the skies,
240:When Britain first, at Heaven's command
14:
1704:National symbols of the United Kingdom
1686:
1403:
949:, which was playing in revival at the
812:The melody was the theme for a set of
702:
282:Thee haughty tyrants ne'er shall tame:
256:Must, in their turns, to tyrants fall;
1517:
893:Fantaisie sur deux mélodies anglaises
463:When we all went to the captain bold,
440:Saying, 'I have waited long, my dear,
298:Thy cities shall with commerce shine:
284:All their attempts to bend thee down,
246:And guardian angels sung this strain:
1749:England national football team songs
1724:Works about the British Armed Forces
1430:
1170:
962:
735:adding citations to reliable sources
706:
646:) is traditionally performed at the
497:Britons never, never, never shall be
473:At the bottom of the deep blue sea.'
450:At the bottom of the deep blue sea.'
414:They seemed to think as he did wink,
401:At the bottom of the deep blue sea.'
310:The Muses, still with freedom found,
300:All thine shall be the subject main,
268:Still more majestic shalt thou rise,
231:, which includes the entire text of
1331:"Proms Conductor Derides Britannia"
1033:
501:At the bottom of the deep blue sea
427:At the bottom of the deep blue sea.
378:To the bottom of the deep blue sea.
316:And manly hearts to guard the fair.
288:But work their woe, and thy renown.
286:Will but arouse thy generous flame;
24:
274:Serves but to root thy native oak.
254:The nations, not so blest as thee,
110:Problems playing these files? See
41:
25:
1775:
1754:Princess Augusta of Great Britain
1463:
903:". Likewise, the French composer
459:The wind was fair, the sails set,
319:"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:
305:"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:
302:And every shore it circles thine.
291:"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:
277:"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:
263:"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:
249:"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:
244:This was the charter of the land,
1670:
1669:
1410:"Official Singles Chart Top 100"
989:
711:
576:Musée de la Révolution française
366:This young farmer fell overboard
321:"Britons never will be slaves."
312:Shall to thy happy coast repair;
296:To thee belongs the rural reign;
85:
57:
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1423:
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1351:
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722:needs additional citations for
448:For you're married to a mermaid
307:"Britons never will be slaves."
293:"Britons never will be slaves."
279:"Britons never will be slaves."
265:"Britons never will be slaves."
260:The dread and envy of them all.
251:"Britons never will be slaves."
32:Rule Britannia (disambiguation)
1719:Songs about the United Kingdom
1309:. A&C Black. p. 459.
1225:
1199:
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1141:(686): 228–231. 1 April 1900.
1118:
1109:
1079:
1058:
488:, is sometimes performed as:
444:Go to your ship and tell them,
395:'My comrades and my messmates,
393:And sang in a voice so hoarse,
387:We lowered a boat to find him,
242:Arose from out the azure main;
13:
1:
1416:. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
1206:Pittock, Murray G. H (1994).
1068:The Oxford Companion to Music
1026:
907:used the tune as part of his
887:The French organist-composer
680:Fantasia on British Sea Songs
539:On the Idea of a Patriot King
471:'Be happy as you can, my man,
467:He went unto the ship's side,
446:You'll leave them all for me;
410:He said that as he went down,
399:For I'm married to a mermaid,
1052:UK public library membership
824:79) and he also used it in "
623:. A massed military band of
509:
438:And gave him her white hand,
425:When he met a lovely mermaid
418:But down he went so quickly,
389:We thought to see his corse,
368:Among the sharks and whales;
7:
1759:Mermaids in popular culture
1699:Compositions by Thomas Arne
956:Victoria and Merrie England
884:" at the end of the piece.
830:Piano Sonata No. 24, Op. 78
690:. The text is available at
362:'Twas on the deep Atlantic,
224:This version is taken from
27:1740 British patriotic song
10:
1780:
1744:Frederick, Prince of Wales
1129:, 2 August 1740, cited in
910:Salut à la Grande Brétagne
891:included this tune in his
586:recounts in his 1976 book
570:: decorated plate made in
461:The ship was running free;
436:She came at once unto him,
370:He disappeared so quickly,
227:The Works of James Thomson
203:Frederick, Prince of Wales
168:
155:, but is also used by the
29:
1667:
1635:
1560:
1551:
1506:at the Last Night of the
1289:Disher, Maurice Willson.
1065:Scholes, Percy A (1970).
1009:
1002:
999:
545:which, since the time of
495:Britannia rules the waves
477:Britannia rules the waves
465:And told what we did see.
454:Britannia rules the waves
431:Britannia rules the waves
405:Britannia rules the waves
382:Britannia rules the waves
374:That he went out of sight
372:So headlong down went he,
219:
162:
1303:Jackson, Ashley (2006).
1232:Armitage, David (2000).
568:Britannia rule the waves
416:That he was rather free.
412:Great fishes he did see;
364:Midst Equinoctial gales;
212:and the birthday of the
1694:British patriotic songs
1442:Thomas Augustine Arne:
1414:Official Charts Company
1267:Oxford University Press
1073:Oxford University Press
652:Last Night of the Proms
493:Singing Rule Britannia,
475:Singing Rule Britannia,
469:And loudly bellowed he,
452:Singing Rule Britannia,
442:To welcome you to land.
429:Singing Rule Britannia,
403:Singing Rule Britannia,
397:Oh, do not weep for me,
380:Singing Rule Britannia,
197:and first performed at
1293:, Phoenix House, 1955.
1173:"Married To A Mermaid"
1093:. 2002. Archived from
842:It was also quoted in
617:Japanese imperial army
579:
504:
482:
376:Like a streak of light
327:"Married to a Mermaid"
324:
201:, the country home of
132:
124:
46:
1431:Arne, Thomas (1753).
566:
499:Married to a mermaid
490:
359:
237:
130:
122:
45:
1734:Songs based on poems
1658:A-Hunting We Will Go
1554:List of compositions
1479:Married To A Mermaid
1434:The Masque of Alfred
826:Wellington's Victory
818:Ludwig van Beethoven
731:improve this article
422:Tis all up with me,'
347:Married to a Mermaid
205:, on 1 August 1740.
147:and set to music by
30:For other uses, see
1097:on 22 November 2009
996:
703:Musical derivatives
558:War of Jenkins' Ear
521:Occasional Oratorio
171:Alfred (Arne opera)
97:Phonograph cylinder
1709:Rangers F.C. songs
1501:"Rule, Britannia!"
1437:. London: I Walsh.
1071:(tenth ed.).
994:
889:Alexandre Guilmant
882:God Save the Queen
746:"Rule, Britannia!"
580:
341:Drury Lane Theatre
133:
125:
81:"Rule, Britannia!"
72:United States Army
53:"Rule, Britannia!"
47:
1681:
1680:
1651:Soft Flowing Avon
1609:Love in a Village
1486:(121KB, MP3 file)
1171:Chartier, Roger.
1126:London Daily Post
1050:(Subscription or
1024:
1023:
973:Royal Albert Hall
963:Chart performance
901:Home! Sweet Home!
807:
806:
799:
781:
606:"will" to "shall"
574:circa 1793–1794 (
518:quoted it in his
484:The chorus, from
357:has the lyrics:
91:
66:
16:(Redirected from
1771:
1673:
1672:
1644:Rule, Britannia!
1617:The Fairy Prince
1593:Thomas and Sally
1538:
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1470:Rule, Britannia!
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1391:. 28 August 2020
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589:The Selfish Gene
486:Rule, Britannia!
333:Lord Bolingbroke
214:Princess Augusta
189:, co-written by
187:Alfred the Great
137:Rule, Britannia!
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905:Alexandre Goria
878:national anthem
848:Daniel Steibelt
832:, "À Thérèse".
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1464:External links
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1456:Urtext edition
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720:This section
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1729:Sea shanties
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1484:Band version
1472:: Scores at
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1424:Bibliography
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1393:. Retrieved
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1341:. Retrieved
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1180:. Retrieved
1177:Sailor Songs
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1099:. Retrieved
1095:the original
1090:
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946:HMS Pinafore
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921:comic operas
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844:Combat naval
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729:Please help
724:verification
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1636:Other works
1545:Thomas Arne
984:Della Jones
929:Bolton Rowe
660:Bryn Terfel
656:Jane Eaglen
535:Bolingbroke
149:Thomas Arne
131:Second page
74:performance
1714:1740 songs
1688:Categories
1625:The Cooper
1601:Artaxerxes
1395:21 January
1182:26 October
1054:required.)
1027:References
1011:UK Singles
814:variations
757:newspapers
697:(in Welsh)
676:Henry Wood
625:Australian
153:Royal Navy
112:media help
1739:Britannia
1005:position
969:BBC Proms
639:arrived.
621:Singapore
572:Liverpool
527:Jacobites
510:Symbolism
343:in 1755.
337:Britannia
1675:Category
1660:" (1777)
1653:" (1769)
1646:" (1740)
1336:BBC News
1259:(1989).
858:overture
678:'s 1905
633:American
547:Cromwell
420:Saying,
210:George I
199:Cliveden
1373:YouTube
1343:3 April
1155:3368400
1101:16 July
940:The Zoo
771:scholar
629:British
351:mermaid
1628:(1772)
1620:(1771)
1612:(1762)
1604:(1762)
1596:(1760)
1588:(1754)
1580:(1740)
1577:Alfred
1572:(1738)
1561:Operas
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977:London
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670:, and
516:Handel
233:Alfred
220:Lyrics
185:about
183:masque
178:Alfred
164:Alfred
1585:Eliza
1569:Comus
1508:Proms
1151:JSTOR
931:. In
897:organ
874:waltz
778:JSTOR
764:books
688:Welsh
1510:2009
1448:ISBN
1397:2024
1345:2007
1311:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1212:ISBN
1184:2017
1103:2015
1003:Peak
927:and
895:for
750:news
631:and
598:meme
193:and
181:, a
1371:on
1143:doi
1020:10
1015:OCC
862:WWV
822:WoO
733:by
650:'s
648:BBC
619:in
537:'s
339:at
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1163:^
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20:)
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