27:
586:, poets and artists of the day, in the full intensity of their creative powers, devoted themselves to producing masques; and until the Puritans closed the English theatres in 1642, the masque was the highest art form in England. But because of its ephemeral nature, not a lot of documentation related to masques remains, and much of what is said about the production and enjoyment of masques is still part speculation.
117:. Masques were typically a complimentary offering to the prince among his guests and might combine pastoral settings, mythological fables, and the dramatic elements of ethical debate. There would invariably be some political and social application of the allegory. Such pageants often celebrated a birth, marriage, change of ruler or a
464:. Harington was not so much concerned with the masque itself as with the notoriously heavy drinking at the Court of King James I; "the entertainment went forward, and most of the presenters went backward, or fell down, wine did so occupy their upper chambers". As far as we can ascertain the details of the masque, the
290:, by boat "in a masque with a dozen of other maskers all in garments like shepherds made of fine cloth of gold and fine crimson satin paned, and caps of the same with visors", wearing false beards, accompanied with torch bearers and drummers. Their arrival at the palace water gate was announced by cannon fire.
73:, in which the architectural framing and costumes might be designed by a renowned architect, to present a deferential allegory flattering to the patron. Professional actors and musicians were hired for the speaking and singing parts. Masquers who did not speak or sing were often courtiers: the English queen
468:
was to bring gifts to the King, representing
Solomon, and was to be followed by the spirits of Faith, Hope, Charity, Victory and Peace. Unfortunately, as Harington reported, the actress playing the Queen tripped over the steps of the throne, sending her gifts flying; Hope and Faith were too drunk to
246:
The masque has its origins in a folk tradition where masked players would unexpectedly call on a nobleman in his hall, dancing and bringing gifts on certain nights of the year, or celebrating dynastic occasions. The rustic presentation of "Pyramus and Thisbe" as a wedding entertainment in
389:
king and queen of
England too, narrative elements of the masque at their court became more significant. Plots were often on classical or allegorical themes, glorifying the royal or noble sponsor. At the end, the audience would join with the actors in a final dance.
497:, was a performer and sponsor of court masques. He wrote about the tight-fitting costumes, that it was the fashion "to appear very small in the waist, I remember was drawn up from the ground by both hands whilst the tailor with all his strength buttoned on my
508:
masques have been few and far between. Part of the problem is that only texts survive complete; there is no complete music, only fragments, so no authoritative performance can be made without interpretive invention. By the time of the
623:), English composers turned to the masque as a way of connecting to a genuinely English musical-dramatic form in their attempts to build a historically informed national musical style for England. Examples include those by
594:
While the masque was no longer as popular as it was at its height in the 17th century, there are many later examples of the masque. During the late 17th century, English semi-operas by composers such as
374:, and it was said she wore male costume for the masque, "which apparel she loved often times to be in, in dancings secretly with the King her husband, and going in masks by night through the streets".
238:(c. 1600–02) were staged, they were perhaps quaintly old-fashioned: "What means this, my lord?" is Ophelia's reaction. In English masques, purely musical interludes might be accompanied by a dumbshow.
1064:
271:, where a masked allegorical figure would appear and address the assembled company—providing a theme for the occasion—with musical accompaniment. Costumes were designed by professionals, including
1220:
1171:
1227:
1178:
1008:
1234:
1368:
Gabriel Heaton, 'Elizabethan
Entertainments in Manuscript: The Harefield Festivities and the Dynamics of Exchange', in Jayne Elisabeth Archer, Elizabeth Goldring, Sarah Knight,
936:
1213:
574:, it remains among the best-known British patriotic songs up to the present, while the masque of which it was originally part is remembered by only specialist historians.
1143:
1262:
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was the central feature at the London
Coliseum in 2005. Masques also became common as scenes in operettas and musical theatre works set during the Elizabethan period.
419:
understood by modern scholars to have been heavily influenced by the masques of Ben Jonson and the stagecraft of Inigo Jones. There is also a masque sequence in his
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offers a familiar example. Spectators were invited to join in the dancing. At the end, the players would take off their masks to reveal their identities.
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124:
Masque imagery tended to be drawn from
Classical rather than Christian sources, and the artifice was part of the Grand dance. Masque thus lent itself to
1092:
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333:(Book i, Canto IV). A particularly elaborate masque, performed over the course of two weeks for Queen Elizabeth, is described in the 1821 novel
1567:
1192:
992:
859:
607:, continued to utilize the masque genre mostly as an occasional piece, and the genre became increasingly associated with patriotic topics.
319:'s court emphasized the concord and unity between Queen and Kingdom. A descriptive narrative of a processional masque is the masque of the
162:
1598:
Songs and dances from the Stuart Masque. An edition of sixty-three items of music for the
English court masque from 1604 to 1641
852:
803:
685:
1618:
1533:"Enter Summer, leaning on Autumn's and Winter's shoulders, and attended on with a train of Satyrs and wood-Nymphs, singing:
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817:
747:
978:
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571:
555:
486:
810:
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551:
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147:(1998), have pointed out the political subtext of masques. At times, the political subtext was not far to seek:
1150:
619:
With the renaissance of
English musical composition during the late 19th and early 20th century (the so-called
165:, often even more overtly political, were among the most spectacular entertainments of her day, although the "
873:
838:
2408:
2171:
1650:
1486:
658:
than a masque as it was originally understood. His designating it a masque was to indicate that the modern
469:
speak a word, while Peace, annoyed at finding her way to the throne blocked, made good use of her symbolic
249:
611:
is another successful example. There are isolated examples throughout the first half of the 19th century.
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collaborated, borrows some elements from the masque and further elements from the contemporary courtly
363:
301:
1531:, but, as a character announces, "nay, 'tis no Play neither, but a show." With Nash's stage direction
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2476:
1955:
761:
650:
608:
343:. Queen Elizabeth was entertained at country houses during her progresses with performances like the
276:
197:
that refers to the occasion of a play or its theme, the most famous being the dumbshow played out in
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866:
689:
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There is a detailed, humorous, and malicious (and possibly completely fictitious) account by Sir
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129:
20:
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1875:
645:
2015:
1940:
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957:
719:
481:
19:
This article is about 16th- and early 17th-century court entertainments. For other uses, see
350:
In
Scotland, masques were performed at court, particularly at wedding celebrations, and the
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1900:
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82:
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that flourished in 16th- and early 17th-century Europe, though it was developed earlier in
213:(1580s), or they might form a pictorial tableau, as one in the Shakespeare collaboration,
8:
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2151:
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1022:
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98:
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1950:
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335:
219:(III.i)—a tableau that is immediately explicated at some length by the poet-narrator,
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2186:
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110:
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1970:
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1702:
1454:
1402:
1106:
880:
677:
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537:
421:
66:
1458:
599:
had masque scenes inset between the acts of the play proper. In the 18th century,
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2058:
1923:
1833:
1743:
1712:
1417:
W. Park, 'Letter of Thomas
Randolph to the Earl of Leicester, 14 February 1566',
1301:
782:
740:
733:
662:
typical when he wrote the piece would not be suitable. Vaughan
Williams' protégé
624:
505:
461:
379:
370:
took part in a masque in February 1566. Mary attended the wedding of her servant
355:
294:
described similar masques involving the king's disguised appearance. In the play
74:
109:
The masque tradition developed from the elaborate pageants and courtly shows of
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2461:
2428:
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2311:
2256:
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2231:
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1918:
1813:
1707:
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887:
693:
470:
465:
324:
35:
2531:
2506:
2491:
2466:
2451:
2376:
2291:
2181:
2131:
2005:
1985:
1965:
1843:
1808:
1748:
1738:
1733:
824:
596:
522:
476:
403:
399:
371:
287:
284:
262:
140:
69:). A masque involved music, dancing, singing and acting, within an elaborate
54:
1290:
2501:
2346:
2286:
2236:
2048:
1990:
1945:
1885:
1880:
1818:
1790:
1778:
1763:
1758:
1579:
1473:(Cambridge, 2008), pp. 125-7: Clare McManus, 'When is woman not a woman?',
1406:
671:
659:
632:
367:
340:
70:
1449:
Michael Pearce, 'Anna of Denmark: Fashioning a Danish Court in Scotland',
398:. Their works are usually thought of as the most significant in the form.
203:(III.ii). Dumbshows might be a moving spectacle, like a procession, as in
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1980:
1935:
1858:
1823:
1773:
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442:
432:
395:
316:
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190:
133:
118:
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39:
31:
1632:
1623:
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which developed in the latter part of the 17th century, a form in which
226:
Dumbshows were a Medieval element that continued to be popular in early
77:
frequently danced with her ladies in masques between 1603 and 1611, and
2085:
2075:
2063:
1975:
1908:
1870:
1853:
1848:
1768:
1753:
1728:
1325:
Ian Smith, 'White Skin, Black Masks', Jeffrey Masten & Wendy Wall,
1255:
514:
391:
280:
220:
204:
166:
78:
62:
1397:
Michael Pearce, 'Maskerye Claythis for James VI and Anna of Denmark',
1355:(Ashgate, 2012), p. 198: Richard S. Sylvester & Davis P. Harding,
85:
performed in the masques at their courts. In the tradition of masque,
2010:
1890:
1838:
1534:
1043:
845:
712:
125:
26:
1386:
From Tudor to Stewart: the regime change from Elizabeth I to James I
570:. Performed to celebrate the third birthday of Frederick's daughter
1960:
1863:
775:
583:
563:
446:
375:
194:
186:
174:
308:, the masque was recalled when Henry in shepherd's disguise meets
457:
267:
158:
536:
In the 18th century, masques were even less frequently staged. "
1913:
655:
648:
wrote several masques, including his masterpiece in the genre,
199:
170:
90:
1561:
Burden, Michael (1988). "A masque for politics; the masque of
1437:
Mary, Queen of Scots, her environment and tragedy, a biography
445:) is described as a masque, though it is generally reckoned a
1995:
1928:
1686:
684:, for orchestra, chorus and baritone. His title he took from
526:
58:
1370:
Progresses, Pageants, and Entertainments of Queen Elizabeth
937:
The Memorable Masque of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn
153:, put on with a large amount of parliament-raised money by
1529:
A Pleasant Comedie, call'd Summers Last will and Testament
654:
which premiered in 1930, although the work is closer to a
121:
and invariably ended with a tableau of bliss and concord.
1434:(Cambridge, 1924), pp. 99, 130: Thomas Finlay Henderson,
1353:
The Disguised Ruler in Shakespeare and his Contemporaries
1655:
256:
38:
in armour and other conventions were still employed for
688:, whose masque was probably first presented before the
143:, in works like the essays of Bevington and Holbrook's
1432:
Mary, Queen of Scots, a study of the Lennox Narrative
1634:
Cambridge History of English and American Literature
1625:
Cambridge History of English and American Literature
1605:
Four hundred songs and dances from the Stuart Masque
1647:: the next-to-last masque of the court of Charles I
1591:The Early Stuart Masque: Dance, Costume, and Music
1527:It was a "comedy" when it was printed, in 1600 as
1651:Masque of Anarchy, A Poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley
589:
2529:
1629:Popularity of the Masque in the age of Elizabeth
1340:Shakespeare Survey, 60: Theatres for Shakespeare
128:treatment in the hands of master designers like
513:in 1660, the masque was passé, but the English
394:wrote a number of masques with stage design by
1338:Janette Dillon, 'Shakespeare and the Masque',
1671:
1516:Out of the Shadows: Lucy, Countess of Bedford
1503:The Stuart Court Masque and Political Culture
1471:The Stuart Court Masque and Political Culture
1401:(Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2022), pp. 108-123
993:Time Vindicated to Himself and to His Honours
923:The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn
1539:we are recognizably in the world of Masque.
382:wore masque costumes to dance at weddings.
1678:
1664:
1584:Art and Magic in the Court of the Stuarts.
860:Neptune's Triumph for the Return of Albion
699:
16:Courtly entertainment with music and dance
65:(a public version of the masque was the
25:
1619:"The Elizabethan origins of the masque"
1555:Garrick, Arne, and the Masque of Alfred
1421:, 34:118 Part 2 (October 1955), p. 138.
1306:The Politics of the Stuart Court Masque
1065:The Comick Masque of Pyramus and Thisbe
1000:
704:
680:also wrote a piece he called a masque,
145:The Politics of the Stuart Court Masque
2530:
1560:
853:Mercury Vindicated from the Alchemists
163:Catherine de' Medici's court festivals
1659:
1221:Presumptuous Love: A Dramatick Masque
257:Court masques in England and Scotland
189:is a masque-like interlude of silent
1491:, vol. 1 (London, 1804), pp. 348-351
491:Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset
412:included a masque-like interlude in
1603:Sabol, Andrew J. (editor), (1982),
1596:Sabol, Andrew J. (editor), (1959),
818:Love Freed from Ignorance and Folly
804:The King's Entertainment at Welbeck
748:The Fortunate Isles and Their Union
670:(1967–68), an "extravaganza" after
473:to slap anyone who was in her way.
13:
1505:(Cambridge, 2008), pp. 8, 77, 214.
1179:The Masque of Orpheus and Euridice
979:The Vision of the Twelve Goddesses
14:
2584:
1612:
1399:Medieval English Theatre 43, 2021
832:Love's Triumph Through Callipolis
487:Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset
1172:The Masque of Neptune's Prophecy
1009:Albion; or, The Court of Neptune
682:Summer's Last Will and Testament
614:
352:royal wardrobe provided costumes
185:In English theatre tradition, a
2472:Dance in mythology and religion
1521:
1508:
1495:
1480:
1463:
1443:
1424:
1228:Shakespeare's Jubilee, a Masque
495:James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle
265:masques developed from earlier
1453:, 24:2 (2019), pp. 146, 148-9
1411:
1391:
1375:
1362:
1345:
1332:
1319:
1295:
1284:
1235:The Statute, a Pastoral Masque
692:, perhaps at his London seat,
590:17th- and 18th-century masques
157:, caused great offence to the
104:
1:
1589:Ravelhofer, Barbara, (2006),
1546:
1459:10.1080/14629712.2019.1626110
1342:(Cambridge, 2007), pp. 68–70.
1304:and Peter Holbrook, editors,
1291:'History of the Masque Genre'
874:Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue
811:London's Love to Prince Henry
562:which was first performed at
485:to celebrate the marriage of
1372:(Oxford, 2007), pp. 227-244.
354:. Performers at a masque at
7:
1214:Peleus and Thetis: A Masque
769:The Hue and Cry After Cupid
621:English Musical Renaissance
180:
10:
2589:
2563:European court festivities
1593:, Oxford University Press.
1439:, 2 (London, 1905), p. 659
1419:Scottish Historical Review
986:The World Tossed at Tennis
839:Love's Welcome at Bolsover
568:Frederick, Prince of Wales
364:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
241:
18:
2427:
2114:
2024:
1899:
1789:
1721:
1693:
1685:
1607:, Brown University Press.
1600:, Brown University Press.
1477:, 105 (2008), pp. 437-74.
1144:The Judgement of Hercules
762:The Gypsies Metamorphosed
651:Job, a masque for dancing
609:Acis and Galatea (Handel)
577:
540:" started out as part of
250:A Midsummer Night's Dream
61:, in forms including the
34:: the plumed helmet, the
30:Costume for a Knight, by
1553:Burden, Michael (1994),
1277:
1263:The Triumphs of Hibernia
867:Oberon, the Faery Prince
690:Archbishop of Canterbury
216:Pericles, Prince of Tyre
1329:(Evanson, 2003), p. 44.
944:The Shepherd's Paradise
916:The Masque of Blackness
755:The Golden Age Restored
700:List of notable masques
456:in 1606 of a masque of
345:Harefield Entertainment
21:Masque (disambiguation)
1518:(London, 2007), p. 55.
1407:10.2307/j.ctv24tr7mx.9
1388:(Oxford, 2024), p. 67.
1151:The Judgement of Paris
646:Ralph Vaughan Williams
635:, whose imperialistic
358:dressed as shepherds.
50:was a form of festive
43:
1638:The Masque in Spenser
1557:, Edwin Mellon Press.
1357:Two Early Tudor Lives
1129:The Genius of Ireland
1121:The Genius of Ireland
1051:Britannia and Batavia
972:The Vision of Delight
958:The Triumph of Beauty
720:Christmas, His Masque
644:In the 20th century,
582:The most outstanding
482:The Masque of Flowers
385:After James and Anne
29:
2437:Dance and disability
1359:(Yale, 1962), p. 27.
1327:Renaissance Drama 32
1249:The Triumph of Peace
1242:The Syrens, a masque
1086:The Druids, a masque
1001:18th-century masques
965:The Triumph of Peace
930:The Masque of Queens
909:The Masque of Beauty
902:The Masque of Augurs
705:17th-century masques
406:also wrote masques.
360:Mary, Queen of Scots
150:The Triumph of Peace
83:Charles I of England
42:in the 18th century.
2482:Dance on television
1537:also following him"
1451:The Court Historian
1186:The Masque of Solon
1165:The Masque of Hymen
727:Comus (John Milton)
666:composed a masque,
566:, country house of
531:Jean-Baptiste Lully
511:English Restoration
504:Reconstructions of
410:William Shakespeare
210:The Spanish Tragedy
195:allegorical content
99:Jean-Baptiste Lully
87:Louis XIV of France
1586:London, Routledge.
1351:Kevin A. Quarmby,
1200:The Nuptial Masque
1137:The Happy Nuptials
1100:The Fairy Festival
664:Elizabeth Maconchy
638:The Crown of India
230:, but by the time
177:could rival them.
44:
2558:Opera terminology
2553:Renaissance dance
2543:Theatrical genres
2525:
2524:
2477:Dance occupations
2414:Wallis and Futuna
1487:Henry Harington,
1079:The Death of Dido
1058:Calypso; a masque
1037:Beauty and Virtue
1030:Apollo and Daphne
951:The Sun's Darling
797:The Lords' Masque
790:Lord Hay's Masque
546:, a masque about
330:The Faerie Queene
321:Seven Deadly Sins
285:Cardinal Wolsey's
273:Niccolo da Modena
234:(c. 1607–08) or
228:Elizabethan drama
2580:
2573:Masks in theatre
2512:History of dance
2497:Dance technology
2442:Dance and health
2392:African-American
1680:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1576:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1475:Modern Philology
1467:
1461:
1447:
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1428:
1422:
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1409:
1395:
1389:
1379:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1270:Venus and Adonis
1107:The Fairy Prince
1093:The Fairy Favour
895:Tethys' Festival
881:Salmacida Spolia
678:Constant Lambert
629:George Macfarren
548:Alfred the Great
538:Rule, Britannia!
422:Romeo and Juliet
341:Sir Walter Scott
277:George Cavendish
2588:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2568:Masks in Europe
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2457:Dance etiquette
2423:
2182:Burma (Myanmar)
2122:
2118:
2110:
2059:Lead and follow
2020:
1956:Country–western
1895:
1876:Novelty and fad
1834:Hoochie coochie
1785:
1744:closed position
1717:
1713:List of dancers
1689:
1684:
1615:
1610:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1526:
1522:
1514:Lesley Lawson,
1513:
1509:
1501:Martin Butler,
1500:
1496:
1485:
1481:
1469:Martin Butler,
1468:
1464:
1448:
1444:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1396:
1392:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1363:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1302:David Bevington
1300:
1296:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1016:Albion Restor'd
1003:
998:
783:The Lady of May
741:The Fairy-Queen
734:Cupid and Death
707:
702:
625:Arthur Sullivan
617:
592:
580:
441:(with music by
380:Anne of Denmark
356:Castle Campbell
275:. According to
259:
244:
183:
107:
75:Anne of Denmark
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2570:
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2545:
2540:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2517:Women in dance
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2487:Dance research
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Dance notation
2459:
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2449:
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2416:
2411:
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2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1708:List of dances
1705:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1614:
1613:External links
1611:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1577:
1558:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1520:
1507:
1494:
1489:Nugae Antiquae
1479:
1462:
1442:
1423:
1410:
1390:
1374:
1361:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1294:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1207:Pan and Syrinx
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1158:Love and Glory
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
891:
888:Tempe Restored
884:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
800:
793:
786:
779:
772:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
694:Lambeth Palace
616:
613:
591:
588:
579:
576:
558:with music by
550:co-written by
471:olive branches
466:Queen of Sheba
454:John Harington
325:Edmund Spenser
258:
255:
247:Shakespeare's
243:
240:
182:
179:
141:New Historians
111:ducal Burgundy
106:
103:
97:with music by
36:"heroic torso"
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2585:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Concert dance
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Dancing mania
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Dance science
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Dance in film
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:Dance costume
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2387:United States
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Faroe Islands
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1844:Neo-Burlesque
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:open position
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:close embrace
1737:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:Participation
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1580:Hart, Vaughan
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1511:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1430:R. H. Mahon,
1427:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1322:
1315:
1314:0-521-59436-7
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
995:
994:
990:
988:
987:
983:
981:
980:
976:
974:
973:
969:
967:
966:
962:
960:
959:
955:
953:
952:
948:
946:
945:
941:
939:
938:
934:
932:
931:
927:
925:
924:
920:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
906:
904:
903:
899:
897:
896:
892:
890:
889:
885:
883:
882:
878:
876:
875:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
861:
857:
855:
854:
850:
848:
847:
843:
841:
840:
836:
834:
833:
829:
827:
826:
825:Love Restored
822:
820:
819:
815:
813:
812:
808:
806:
805:
801:
799:
798:
794:
792:
791:
787:
785:
784:
780:
778:
777:
773:
771:
770:
766:
764:
763:
759:
757:
756:
752:
750:
749:
745:
743:
742:
738:
736:
735:
731:
729:
728:
724:
722:
721:
717:
715:
714:
710:
709:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:
647:
642:
640:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
615:Later masques
612:
610:
606:
602:
601:William Boyce
598:
597:Henry Purcell
587:
585:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:James Thomson
549:
545:
544:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
523:Henry Purcell
520:
516:
512:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
478:
477:Francis Bacon
474:
472:
467:
463:
460:and Sheba at
459:
455:
450:
448:
447:pastoral play
444:
440:
439:
434:
430:
429:
424:
423:
418:
416:
411:
407:
405:
404:Philip Sidney
401:
400:Samuel Daniel
397:
393:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
372:Bastian Pagez
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
337:
332:
331:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:
293:
289:
288:Hampton Court
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
254:
252:
251:
239:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
217:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
193:usually with
192:
188:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
130:Giulio Romano
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:entertainment
53:
49:
41:
37:
33:
28:
22:
2502:Dance troupe
2447:Dance awards
2342:Pontic Greek
2049:Dance theory
2039:Choreography
1951:Contemporary
1642:
1633:
1624:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1572:
1568:Music Review
1566:
1562:
1554:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1488:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1450:
1445:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1305:
1297:
1286:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1193:The Nuptials
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1114:The Festival
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
718:
711:
681:
676:
672:Aristophanes
667:
660:choreography
649:
643:
636:
633:Edward Elgar
618:
593:
581:
556:David Mallet
541:
535:
527:French opera
503:
480:
475:
451:
436:
426:
420:
413:
408:
384:
368:David Rizzio
349:
334:
328:
314:
295:
266:
261:In England,
260:
248:
245:
235:
231:
225:
214:
208:
198:
184:
148:
144:
138:
123:
113:in the late
108:
71:stage design
47:
45:
2332:Philippines
2317:Netherlands
2307:Middle East
1859:Table dance
1824:Go go dance
1804:Competitive
1382:Susan Doran
696:, in 1592.
686:Thomas Nash
631:, and even
605:Thomas Arne
560:Thomas Arne
519:John Dryden
443:Henry Lawes
433:John Milton
415:The Tempest
396:Inigo Jones
317:Elizabeth I
315:Masques at
310:Anne Boleyn
306:Shakespeare
292:Edward Hall
263:Tudor court
134:Inigo Jones
119:royal entry
115:Middle Ages
105:Development
40:opera seria
32:Inigo Jones
2532:Categories
2399:Uzbekistan
2167:Azerbaijan
2076:Musicality
2044:Connection
2001:Postmodern
1971:Historical
1854:Striptease
1849:Pole dance
1799:Ceremonial
1754:slow dance
1643:Florimène,
1547:References
1256:Telemachus
515:semi-opera
428:Henry VIII
392:Ben Jonson
336:Kenilworth
297:Henry VIII
281:Henry VIII
205:Thomas Kyd
167:intermezzi
95:Versailles
89:danced in
79:Henry VIII
63:intermedio
2404:Venezuela
2367:Sri Lanka
2362:Singapore
2322:Nicaragua
2252:Indonesia
2157:Australia
2026:Technique
1924:formation
1839:Lap dance
1535:Vertumnus
1132:version 2
1124:version 1
1044:Britannia
846:Luminalia
713:Chloridia
668:The Birds
584:humanists
479:paid for
462:Theobalds
173:court in
169:" of the
155:Charles I
126:Mannerist
2419:Zimbabwe
2372:Thailand
2297:Malaysia
2282:Kiribati
2192:Cameroon
2187:Cambodia
2177:Bulgaria
2152:Assyrian
2121:national
2116:Regional
2096:Spotting
2091:Sequence
2069:glossary
2016:Two-step
1961:Flamenco
1946:Breaking
1941:Boogaloo
1919:Ballroom
1864:Twerking
1829:Grinding
1814:Ecstatic
1582:(1994).
1575:: 21–30.
776:Hymenaei
564:Cliveden
402:and Sir
376:James VI
302:Fletcher
283:came to
268:guisings
232:Pericles
187:dumbshow
181:Dumbshow
175:Florence
159:Puritans
2538:Masques
2429:Related
2409:Vietnam
2382:Ukraine
2292:Kurdish
2262:Ireland
2242:Hungary
2232:Georgia
2217:Denmark
2207:Croatia
2172:Belarus
2162:Austria
2147:Armenia
2137:Albania
2101:Turnout
1986:Lyrical
1966:Hip-hop
1809:Concert
1734:Partner
1703:Outline
572:Augusta
499:doublet
458:Solomon
242:Origins
91:ballets
67:pageant
52:courtly
2377:Turkey
2357:Serbia
2352:Russia
2347:Romani
2337:Poland
2302:Mexico
2267:Israel
2237:Greece
2222:Europe
2197:Canada
2132:Africa
2123:dances
2081:Pointe
2054:Graham
2034:Ballet
1991:Modern
1914:Ballet
1901:Styles
1886:Street
1881:Sacred
1819:Erotic
1791:Social
1779:square
1764:contra
1759:circle
1563:Alfred
1312:
1023:Alfred
656:ballet
578:Legacy
543:Alfred
506:Stuart
387:became
366:, and
236:Hamlet
200:Hamlet
171:Medici
48:masque
2312:Nepal
2287:Korea
2277:Japan
2272:Italy
2247:India
2202:China
2106:Turns
2064:Moves
2006:Swing
1996:Polka
1981:Latin
1936:Belly
1929:waltz
1774:round
1698:Index
1687:Dance
1308:1998
1278:Notes
1072:Comus
438:Comus
339:, by
300:, by
221:Gower
59:Italy
2327:Peru
2257:Iran
2212:Cuba
2142:Arab
2086:Pole
1976:Jazz
1909:Acro
1871:Folk
1769:line
1729:Solo
1645:1635
1310:ISBN
603:and
554:and
521:and
489:and
425:and
378:and
304:and
191:mime
139:The
81:and
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