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685:, the modern concept of an architect's artistic responsibility for a building did not exist at that time, and Jones's role in many instances may be that of a civil servant in getting things done rather than as an architect. Jones's contribution to a building may also simply be verbal instructions to a mason or bricklayer and providing an Italian engraving or two as a guide, or the correction of drafts. In the 1630s, Jones was in high demand and, as Surveyor to the King, his services were only available to a very limited circle of people, so often projects were commissioned to other members of the Works.
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608:. It is the first regularly planned square in London. The Earl felt obliged to provide a church and he warned Jones that he wanted to economise. He told him to simply erect a "barn" and Jones's oft-quoted response was that his lordship would have "the finest barn in Europe". In the design of St Paul's, Jones faithfully adhered to
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One of Jones's designs is the "double cube" room at Wilton, and it was also the foundation stone of his status as the father of
British architecture. Jones, as the pioneer in his era, had strong influence during their time. His revolutionary ideas even effect beyond the Court circle, and today, many
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introduced in theatre. In his masques, curtains were used and placed in between the stage and the audience, and they were to be opened to introduce a scene. Jones was also known for using the stage and theatre space in its entirety, putting his actors throughout different parts of the theatre, such
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also demonstrates his close interest in classical architecture: Jones gave priority to Roman antiquity rather than observing the contemporary fashion in Italy. He was probably the first native-born to study these Roman remains first hand and this was key to the new architecture Jones introduced in
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for many years, despite a relationship fraught with competition and jealousy: the two had arguments about whether stage design or literature was more important in theatre. (Jonson ridiculed Jones in a series of his works, written over two decades.) Over 450 drawings for the scenery and costumes
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in
October 1645. Unfortunately, as one of the last great strongholds to the Cavaliers, the great mansion inside was destroyed by Cromwell's army and even the walls were broken into many pieces. His property was later returned to him (c. 1646) but Jones ended his days, unmarried, living in
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survive, demonstrating Jones's virtuosity as a draughtsman and his development between 1605 and 1609 from initially showing "no knowledge of
Renaissance draughtsmanship" to exhibiting an "accomplished Italianate manner" and understanding of Italian set design, particularly that of
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rules of proportion and symmetry in his buildings. As the most notable architect in
England, Jones was the first person to introduce the classical architecture of Rome and the Italian Renaissance to Britain. He left his mark on London by his design of single buildings, such as the
745:, a borough constituency controlled by the Earl of Arundel, and sat till the dissolution of that parliament in February 1622. He was named to a committee to improve lighting and increase seating in the House of Commons' chamber, resulting in a new gallery being erected in
511:. With the foundations laid and the first storey built, work stopped suddenly when Anne died in 1619. Jones provided a design for the queen's funeral hearse or catafalque, but it was not implemented. Work at Greenwich resumed in 1629, this time for Charles I's Queen,
856:, North Wales, built in 1636 and named "Pont Fawr" is also known locally as "Pont Inigo Jones" (Inigo Jones's Bridge). He is also said to be responsible for the Masonic "Inigo Jones Manuscript", from around 1607, a document of the Old Charges of Freemasonry.
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as placing them below the stage or elevating them onto a higher platform. Jones's settings on the stage also incorporated different uses of light, experimenting with coloured glasses, screens and oiled paper to create a softer source of light on the stage.
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of ancient Rome and Jones evidently intended the church to evoke the Roman temple. These buildings show the realization of a mature architect with a confident grasp of classical principles and an intellectual understanding of how to implement them.
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These elements of stage design and of theatre production would later have influence beyond the
English court, as those working in the public stage would take up these ideas and apply them to the early modern stage and for its larger audience.
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The theatre of the Stuart Court : including the complete designs for productions at court, for the most part in the
Collection of the Duke of Devonshire, together with their texts and historical documentation
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He did not approach the architectural profession in the traditional way, namely either by rising up from a craft or through early exposure to the Office of Works, although there is evidence that
515:. It was finished in 1635 as the first strictly classical building in England, employing ideas found in the architecture of Palladio and ancient Rome. This is Jones's earliest-surviving work.
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Jones is also known for introducing to
English audiences moving scenery through what is called 'machina versatilis', helping to create motion among a stable scene without any noticeable
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that refer to Wotton. His architectural work was particularly influenced by
Palladio. To a lesser extent, he also held to the architectural principles of the ancient Roman writer
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during the summer recess and was also responsible for a new ceiling put in the House of Lords chamber in 1623. He also served as a
Justice of the Peace (J.P.) for the county of
2514:(2011). "Roma Britannica and the Cultural Memory of Egypt: Lord Arundel and the Obelisk of Domitian". In Marshall, David Ryley; Russell, Susan; Wolfe, Karin Elizabeth (eds.).
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In
September 1615, Jones was appointed Surveyor-General of the King's Works, marking the beginning of Jones's career in earnest. Fortunately, both James I and
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followed him as King's Surveyor of Works. A monument dedicated to him in the church, portraying St Paul's Cathedral and other buildings, was destroyed in the
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More than 1000 buildings have been attributed to Jones but only a very small number of those are certain to be his work. According to architecture historian
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693:, "receiving the assistance of Inigo Jones", between 1629 and 1635. Jones is also thought to have been involved in another country house, this time in
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was added several years later. The Whitehall palace was one of several projects where Jones worked with his personal assistant and nephew by marriage
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240:) sent him to Italy to study drawing after being impressed by the quality of his sketches. From Italy he travelled to Denmark where he worked for
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612:'s design for a Tuscan temple and it was the first wholly and authentically classical church built in England. The inside of
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was gutted by fire in 1795, but externally it remains much as Jones designed it and dominates the west side of the piazza.
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arch to English theatre. Between 1605 and 1640, he was responsible for staging over 500 performances, collaborating with
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with a giant Corinthian portico, the largest of its type north of the Alps, but the church would be destroyed in the
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361:, making small modifications to the design as the project progressed, and in 1610, Jones was appointed Surveyor to
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2442:(2003). "Evelyn, Inigo Jones, and the Collector Earl of Arundel". In Harris, Frances; Hunter, Michael (eds.).
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from 1605 to 1640, but his most known work in this field came from his collaboration with poet and playwright
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678:, but the execution of these designs was frustrated by Charles I's financial and political difficulties.
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2901:"The designs of Inigo Jones : consisting of plans and elevations for publick and private buildings"
2616:(1995). "Imperial Seat or Ecumenical Temple? On Inigo Jones's use of 'Decorum' at St Paul's Cathedral".
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Jones's first recorded architectural design is for a monument to Frances, Lady Cotton, commissioned by
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503:. As the King's Surveyor, Jones built some of his key buildings in London. In 1616, work began on the
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Jones first became famous as a designer of costumes and stage settings, especially after he brought "
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square which became a model for future developments in the West End. He made major contributions to
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307:. Jones learned to speak Italian fluently and there is evidence that he owned an Italian copy of
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572:, was built between 1623 and 1627, initially for Charles I's proposed bride, the Roman Catholic
217:, little is known about Jones's early years. Later Welsh sources claim that the family was from
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in 1642 and the seizure of the King's houses in 1643. Jones was captured at the third siege of
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in 1666. Also around this time, circa 1638, Jones devised drawings completely redesigning the
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2670:""Immaginacy Set Free": Aristotelian Ethics and Inigo Jones's Banqueting House at Whitehall"
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Archaeology of destruction: a reinterpretation of castle slightings in the English Civil War
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The list is based on, Inigo Jones, John Summerson, 2nd edition 2000, Yale University Press
8:
1932:
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Rodgers, Amy (2014). "The Language of Looking: Making Senses Speak in Jonsonian Masque".
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Angharad Llwyd, A History of the Island of Mona, Or Anglesey (Ruthin: R. Jones, 1833) 360
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The evolution of the grand tour: Anglo-Italian cultural relations since the Renaissance
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On 16 February 1621, in a by-election caused by the ejection of an existing member Sir
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when Jones was too busy with royal clients. He then returned in 1646 with his student,
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995:, new west front and remodelling of the nave and transepts (1634–42) destroyed in the
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was renovated from about 1630 onwards, at times worked on by Jones, then passed on to
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Colvin, Howard, "A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects: 1600 to 1840", 1954
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Roma Britannica : art patronage and cultural exchange in eighteenth-century Rome
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to build a residential square, which he did along the lines of the Italian piazza of
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709:, to try and complete the project. Contemporary equivalent architects included Sir
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Jones's work on masques with Jonson is credited to be one of the first instances of
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among others. His surviving sketchbook shows his preoccupation with such artists as
213:, London, as the son of clothworker Inigo Jones Snr., and baptised at the church of
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Arthur Aitkin, Journal of a Tour Through North Wales (London: J. Johnson, 1797) 108
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1041:(c.1638), removed by the dean in 1820, and its central portion is now found in the
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spent lavishly on their buildings, contrasting hugely with the economical court of
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which is the first building in England designed in a pure classical style, and the
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152:(15 July 1573 – 21 June 1652) was an English architect who was first significant
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1686:. Twelfth volume of the Walpole society. The Walpole ad Malone societies. 1924.
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West front, nave and transepts, Old St. Paul's Cathedral, as remodelled by Jones
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scholars believe that he also started the golden age of British architecture.
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Inigo: the troubled life of Inigo Jones, architect of the English Renaissance
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John Evans, A Tour through Part of North Wales (London: J. White, 1800) 279
1004:, Wiltshire (1636–40) the interior burnt c.1647, rebuilt to the designs of
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in 1623 and in 1633 was offered, but declined, a knighthood by Charles I.
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1021:, various schemes for the complete rebuilding of the palace (c. 1637–39)
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Design for the New Exchange in the Strand, London, not executed (c.1608)
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Another large project Jones undertook was the repair and remodelling of
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Jones was an influence on a number of 18th-century architects, notably
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from 1630 until at least 1640. He was made a freeman of the borough of
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Images of Rule: Art and Politics in the English Renaissance, 1485–1649
1633:
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Anna of Denmark: The Material and Visual Culture of the Stuart Courts
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Jones's full-time career effectively ended with the outbreak of the
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obtained information that recorded Jones as an apprentice joiner in
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2712:; Tucker, Richard (2002). "Ornament and the work of Inigo Jones".
19:
This article is about the architect. For the British general, see
2154:
The Golden Age Restor'd: The Culture of the Stuart Court, 1603–42
1411:
The Annotated Arch: A Crash Course in the History of Architecture
659:
605:
405:
2334:
Cathedrals Under Siege: Cathedrals in English Society, 1600–1700
2240:
A short History of Renaissance Architecture in England 1500–1800
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for the Prince and was possibly involved in some alterations to
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The other project in which Jones was involved is the design of
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2871:"An Early Drawing by Inigo Jones and a monument in Shropshire"
1634:"An Early Drawing by Inigo Jones and a Monument in Shropshire"
1339:
1028:, London (1638) if built destroyed in the Great Fire of London
643:
terraces, as well as in other English and Welsh towns such as
357:, around France, he appears as an architectural consultant at
1500:
A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects: 1600 to 1840
1049:, incorporated into the building as an architectural feature.
409:
397:
218:
1072:, Berkshire (designed by Jones and executed by Roger Pratt)
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279:), he is credited with introducing movable scenery and the
2549:
The Jacobean Grand Tour: Early Stuart Travellers in Europe
2201:"Jones, Inigo (1573–1652), architect and theatre designer"
1664:
The Jacobean Grand Tour: Early Stuart Travellers in Europe
1139:
Ceiling, with Rubens paintings, Banqueting House Whitehall
1034:, London, design for a triumphal arch, not executed (1638)
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served as a model for other town houses in London such as
849:, some of whose features were allegedly designed by him.
232:. At some point before 1603, a rich patron (possibly the
880:, Greenwich (1616–1619), work suspended on the death of
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and shortly after, embarked on a tour of Italy with the
1957:
Summers on, John; Sir, John Newnham Summer son (1993).
1683:
Designs by Inigo Jones for masques & plays at court
985:, London, houses on the north and east side as well as
185:, most by royal command and many in collaboration with
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by his work as a theatrical designer for several dozen
384:
On 27 April 1613, Jones was appointed the position of
2873:
The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 115, No. 843, June 1973
1983:
1797:. Shakespeare society. Publications ;no. 39. London.
793:. He was, however, closely involved in the design of
296:. This development suggests a second visit to Italy,
2520:. London: British School at Rome. pp. 147–170.
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866:
Design for the completion of the central tower, old
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Inigo Jones' Tulip Stairs, Queen's House, Greenwich
2277:(phd), University of York (PhD thesis), p. 121
2113:(1978 Revised ed.). Penguin Books. p. 34.
952:asked Jones to design a stone fortification on the
2210:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
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2016:
1127:Interior looking north, Banqueting House Whitehall
464:and of creating a representation of the ethereal.
2789:Inigo Jones and the European classicist tradition
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2186:"History of Parliament article by Paul Honeyball"
2157:. Manchester University Press. pp. 153–154.
2014:
1598:The Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc.
1077:
1066:Milton Manor House, Milton, Abingdon, Oxfordshire
2908:
2314:"MASONIC MANUSCRIPTS | INIGO JONES – 1725c"
2047:
1952:
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1651:Inigo Jones and the European Classical Tradition
1621:Inigo Jones and the European Classical Tradition
1403:
1401:
1063:now numbers 59 & 60, attributed (c. 1638–40)
989:on the west (1631–1637) only the church survives
960:) out of wood instead and was torn down in 1790.
2337:. Penn State University Press. pp. 18–19.
1573:Inigo Jones and the theatre of the Stuart Court
1407:
1056:(c.1638), destroyed in the Great Fire of London
428:at this time. His annotated copy of Palladio's
2108:
2088:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 11–12.
1885:. University of California Press. p. 47.
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545:was built, a design derived from buildings by
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1956:
1947:
1933:"Survey of London: volume 36 – Covent Garden"
1398:
441:Jones worked as a producer and architect for
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271:" to the stage. Under the patronage of Queen
263:costume for a knight, designed by Inigo Jones
2085:Architecture of England, Scotland, and Wales
1271:Gateway from Oatlands, now at Chiswick House
2838:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
2753:
2542:
1963:. Yale University Press. pp. 124–126.
1666:(I.B. Tauris: London, 2014), pp. 64–6, 153.
1052:Design for a row of houses in Lothbury for
973:, Northamptonshire, attributed (c. 1629–35)
956:, which he did, but the fort was built (by
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1838:
1790:
1602:Palladio and English-American Palladianism
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1438:
1295:Rolls Chapel and Rolls House, now part of
42:
2587:Art and magic in the court of the Stuarts
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2144:
1851:. Laurence King Publishing. p. 396.
1414:. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 67.
1223:Tulip Stair, The Queen's House, Greenwich
1199:South front, The Queen's House, Greenwich
1187:South front, The Queen's House, Greenwich
1175:North front, The Queen's House, Greenwich
2862:, Royal Institute of British Architects.
2370:
1848:Seventeenth-century Art and Architecture
1714:"Jonson vs. Jones in "Prospero's Books""
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1314:Queen's Chapel, St. James Palace, London
1211:Great Hall, The Queen's House, Greenwich
1115:Detail of the Banqueting House Whitehall
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196:
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23:. For the meteorologist and farmer, see
2866:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2782:
2754:Orgel, Stephen; Strong, Roy C. (1973).
2724:
2377:Inigo Jones and the classical tradition
2270:
2207:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1990:(Revised ed.). MIT Press. p.
1878:
1755:
1519:. London: Guild Publishing. p. 75.
1505:
1435:
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2510:
2474:
2438:
2406:
1844:
1408:Strickland, Carol; Handy, Amy (2001).
1043:Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
2243:. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 86.
2150:
2130:. Penguin Random House. p. 103.
2123:
2081:
1960:Architecture in Britain, 1530 to 1830
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1711:
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689:in Northamptonshire was built by Sir
2855:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2731:. London: Headline Book Publishing.
2628:
2612:
2580:
2192:
1794:Inigo Jones.A life of the architect;
1640:115 (843) (June 1973), pp. 360+
1444:
52:in 1758 from a 1636 painting by Sir
2635:Inigo Jones: the architect of kings
2054:An outline of European architecture
1925:
1448:Inigo Jones: The Architect of Kings
1054:Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel
1015:, London (1630s) not known if built
13:
1911:National Heritage List for England
1744:
1669:
1571:Orgel, Steven and Strong, Roy C.,
1235:Plan, The Queen's House, Greenwich
1151:Design to rebuild Whitehall Palace
841:. There is an Inigo Jones Road in
619:Jones also designed the square of
21:Inigo Jones (British Army officer)
14:
2958:
2843:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2820:
2023:. Yale University Press. p.
2015:Anthony Sutcliffe (12 May 2006).
1662:Edward Chaney and Timothy Wilks,
507:, Greenwich, for James I's wife,
315:I quattro libri dell'architettura
2835:Dictionary of National Biography
2760:. London: Sotheby Parke Bernet.
2674:Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics
2668:; Tucker, Richard (March 2001).
2577:Gotch, A J, "Inigo Jones", 1968.
2481:Inigo Jones's "Roman sketchbook"
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2019:London: An Architectural History
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926:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
733:, Jones was elected M.P. in the
553:, to which a ceiling painted by
244:on the design of the palaces of
2932:17th-century English architects
2927:16th-century English architects
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2008:
1977:
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1845:Harris, Ann Sutherland (2005).
1825:
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1643:
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1613:
1591:
1578:
845:, southeast London (SE7), near
600:Square. He was commissioned by
471:
430:Quattro libri dell'architettura
424:. He is also known to have met
303:, influenced by the ambassador
2942:People from the City of London
1984:Steen Eiler Rasmussen (1988).
1835:(Manchester, 2002), pp. 205–8.
1833:Women on the Renaissance stage
1565:
1556:also took a swipe at Jones in
1523:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1078:Gallery of architectural works
530:, with its ceiling painted by
1:
1822:(Manchester, 2020), pp. 67–8.
1392:
1011:Sir Peter Killigrew's House,
894:building, not executed (1617)
764:
365:. He devised the masques the
335:
297:
48:Portrait of Jones painted by
16:English architect (1573–1652)
2237:Blomfield, Reginald (2017).
2224:UK public library membership
1559:The Weeding of Covent Garden
979:Chapel (1630–35), demolished
386:Surveyor of the King's Works
173:, as well as the layout for
7:
2899:, I. Cole, P. Fourdrinier,
1387:Lists of people from London
1331:
915:Banqueting House, Whitehall
860:List of architectural works
574:Infanta Maria Anna of Spain
537:Between 1619 and 1622, the
209:Beyond that he was born in
171:Banqueting House, Whitehall
126:Banqueting House, Whitehall
10:
2963:
2686:10.1086/RESv39n1ms20167527
2445:John Evelyn and his milieu
2382:Cambridge University Press
2363:
2318:freemasons-freemasonry.com
2127:Hidden Treasures of London
1791:Cunningham, Peter (1848).
1692:2027/miua.1398364.0001.001
1549:Love's Welcome at Bolsover
1103:Banqueting House Whitehall
1091:Banqueting House Whitehall
884:completed (1630–1635) for
436:
18:
2881:National Portrait Gallery
2725:Leapman, Michael (2003).
2546:; Wilks, Timothy (2013).
2057:. Penguin Books. p.
1718:Literature/Film Quarterly
1712:McKee, Alexander (2007).
1623:(Yale, 2007), pp. 6, 8–9.
1451:. Yale University Press.
1024:Lord Maltravers's House,
941:Henrietta Maria of France
886:Henrietta Maria of France
828:
143:
121:
117:
109:
101:
82:
60:
41:
34:
2860:Biography of Inigo Jones
2082:Jones, Nigel R. (2005).
1803:2027/yale.39002006874656
1515:Chambers, James (1985).
1259:St. Paul's Covent Garden
987:St Paul's, Covent Garden
950:Dutch East India Company
870:, not executed (c. 1608)
803:St Benet's, Paul's Wharf
725:Political and civic life
614:St Paul's, Covent Garden
590:St Paul's, Covent Garden
160:and the first to employ
2552:. London: I.B. Tauris.
2331:Standford E. Lehrberg.
2124:McNay, Michael (2015).
2109:John Summerson (1945).
1987:London: The Unique City
1935:. british-history.ac.uk
1879:Howarth, David (1997).
1701:– via HathiTrust.
1638:The Burlington Magazine
1607:23 October 2009 at the
1283:Wilton House, Wiltshire
993:Old St Paul's Cathedral
215:St Bartholomew-the-Less
201:Bust of Inigo Jones by
2937:Architects from London
2416:. London: Frank Cass.
2271:Rakoczy, Lila (2007),
2216:10.1093/ref:odnb/15017
2151:Parry, Graham (1981).
1445:Hart, Vaughan (2011).
1326:Stoke Park, attributed
777:
593:
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492:
313:
264:
206:
2852:Catholic Encyclopedia
2794:Yale University Press
2640:Yale University Press
2590:. London: Routledge.
1301:King's College London
963:The Cockpit Theatre,
772:
735:Parliament of England
627:above supporting the
587:
521:
479:
275:(the consort of King
258:
203:John Michael Rysbrack
200:
193:Early life and career
2829:"Jones, Inigo"
2299:2 April 2015 at the
1552:. Jonson's follower
1532:The Masque of Augurs
1061:Lincoln's Inn Fields
1039:Winchester Cathedral
997:Great Fire of London
971:Stoke Park Pavilions
672:Great Fire of London
621:Lincoln's Inn Fields
230:St Paul's Churchyard
154:architect in England
2889:, photo gallery at
2846:"Inigo Jones"
1653:(Yale, 2007), p. 7.
1346:Architecture portal
1019:Palace of Whitehall
965:Palace of Whitehall
868:St Paul's Cathedral
747:St Stephen's Chapel
676:Palace of Whitehall
656:St Paul's Cathedral
602:the Earl of Bedford
543:Palace of Whitehall
433:England and Wales.
238:the Earl of Rutland
2947:Theatre in England
2452:. pp. 37–60.
1913:. Historic England
1538:The Staple of News
1382:List of architects
937:St. James's Palace
928:(1619), demolished
920:Prince's Lodging,
911:(1618), demolished
778:
687:Stoke Bruerne Park
668:Church of the Gesù
594:
570:St. James's Palace
535:
493:
355:Viscount Cranborne
265:
207:
2803:978-0-300-11729-5
2649:978-0-300-14149-8
2559:978-0-85773-531-7
2527:978-0-904152-55-5
2459:978-0-7123-6360-0
2391:978-0-521-82027-1
2372:Anderson, Christy
2222:(Subscription or
1758:Renaissance Drama
1517:The English House
967:(1629) demolished
782:English Civil War
711:Balthazar Gerbier
555:Peter Paul Rubens
426:Vincenzo Scamozzi
379:St James's Palace
351:Earl of Salisbury
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374:Masque of Oberon
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890:Design for the
882:Anne of Denmark
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88:(1652-06-21)
86:21 June 1652
71:15 July 1573
29:
2922:1652 deaths
2917:1573 births
2877:Inigo Jones
2680:: 151–167.
2256:17 December
2170:17 December
1864:17 December
1816:Jemma Field
1586:Inigo Jones
1427:17 December
1013:Blackfriars
907:Gateway at
897:Gateway at
815:John Denham
799:Roger Pratt
759:Southampton
755:Westminster
731:John Leedes
664:della Porta
629:entablature
501:Elizabeth I
301: 1606
150:Inigo Jones
102:Nationality
36:Inigo Jones
2911:Categories
2484:. London:
2448:. London:
2226:required.)
1393:References
1037:Screen in
1032:Temple Bar
823:Great Fire
765:Later life
633:balustrade
462:Stagehands
447:Ben Jonson
321:marginalia
285:Ben Jonson
281:proscenium
211:Smithfield
187:Ben Jonson
110:Occupation
67:1573-07-15
2702:169066726
2694:0277-1322
2658:706965857
2606:243606208
2568:892799515
2536:731728128
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1730:0090-4260
1047:Cambridge
1006:John Webb
922:Newmarket
917:(1619–22)
825:in 1666.
817:and then
751:Middlesex
707:John Webb
695:Wiltshire
637:John Nash
625:pilasters
610:Vitruvius
559:John Webb
528:Whitehall
497:Charles I
486:Greenwich
347:Theobalds
325:Vitruvius
246:Rosenborg
162:Vitruvian
122:Buildings
113:Architect
77:, England
2883:, London
2812:61821817
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2584:(1994).
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2051:(1970).
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1738:43797345
1605:Archived
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741:in West
578:Pantheon
551:Palladio
547:Scamozzi
402:Florence
371:and the
368:Barriers
349:for the
96:, London
2879:at the
2364:Sources
1939:27 July
660:Vignola
606:Livorno
588:Church
541:in the
454:scenery
443:Masques
437:Masques
406:Vicenza
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277:James I
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183:masques
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1774:S2CID
1734:JSTOR
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410:Genoa
398:Padua
341:, at
319:with
219:Wales
2808:OCLC
2798:ISBN
2772:OCLC
2762:ISBN
2743:OCLC
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1965:ISBN
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