565:
91:
61:
22:
533:. Probably the main reason that Lithuania took a less restrictive approach than Latvia and Estonia is that whereas in Latvia ethnic Latvians comprised only 52% of the total population, and in Estonia ethnic Estonians comprised barely more than 61%, in Lithuania ethnic Lithuanians were almost 80% of the population. Therefore, as a matter of voting in national elections or referendums, the opinions of ethnic Lithuanians would likely carry the day if there were a difference in opinion between Lithuanians and the larger minority groups (Russians and
297:
267:, the settlement of Russians in the Baltic States during the period was illegal under international law" ("The Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies"). The convention was adopted in 1949, including by the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union falsely claimed that the Baltic States joined the USSR voluntarily, and that it did not consider the convention applicable to the Baltic states — rhetoric that Putin's Russia continues to repeat today.
72:
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42:
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556:(EU) to provide a counterbalance to Russia's claims to speak for the interests of ethnic Russian residents of these countries. Furthermore, to satisfy a precondition for their admission to the EU, both Estonia and Latvia slightly adjusted their citizenship policies in response to EU monitoring and requests.
501:
Knowledge of the respective official language and in some cases the
Constitution and/or history and an oath of loyalty to established constitutional order was set as a condition for obtaining citizenship through naturalisation. However, the purported difficulty of the initial language tests became a
132:— primarily the consequences of the USSR's forced population transfers during occupation. As of 2023, there were approximately 887,000 ethnic Russians in the three countries (296,000 in Estonia, 445,000 in Latvia and 145,000 in Lithuania), having declined from ca 1.7 million in 1989, the year of the
412:
Demand for industrial workers drew
Russians to settle in larger cities. In all three countries, the rural settlements are inhabited almost entirely by the main national ethnic groups, except some areas in eastern Estonia and Latvia with a longer history of Russian and mixed villages. The Lithuanian
270:
Continuing the position of their legations or governments in exile, and based on international law and treaties in effect at the time of initial Soviet occupation, the Baltic states view the Soviet presence in the Baltic states as an illegal occupation for its full duration. This continuity of the
540:
Some representatives of the ethnic
Russian communities in Latvia and Estonia have claimed discrimination by the authorities, these calls frequently being supported by Russia. On the other hand, Latvia and Estonia deny discrimination charges and often accuse Russia of using the issue for political
510:
or alien status. Those who have not applied for citizenship feel they are regarded with suspicion, under the perception that they are deliberately avoiding naturalisation. For many, an important reason not to apply for citizenship is the fact that Russia gives non-citizens preferential treatment:
497:
procedure, but were not granted citizenship automatically. This policy affected not only ethnic
Russians, but also the descendants of those ethnic Estonians and Latvians who emigrated from these countries before independence was proclaimed in 1918. Dual citizenship is also not allowed, except for
274:
Some of the Baltic
Russians, mainly those who had come to live in the region not long before the three countries regained independence in 1991, remigrated to Russia and other ex-Soviet countries in the early 1990s. Lithuania, which had been influenced by immigration the least, granted citizenship
237:
western frontier bordering the Baltic Sea. Many military chose to remain upon retirement, attracted by higher living standards as compared to the rest of the USSR. This led to bitter disputes with Russia regarding the issue of their military pensions after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
645:
on whether to adopt
Russian as a second official language was held. According to the Central Election Commission, 74.8% voted against, 24.9% voted for and the voter turnout was 71.1%. The non-citizen community (290,660 or 14.1% of Latvia's entire population) was non-entitled to vote.
233:. These new migrants supported the industrialization of Latvia's economy. Most were factory and construction workers who settled in major urban areas. The influx included the establishment of military bases and associated personnel with the Baltic states now comprising the USSR's
506:, and several human rights organizations claiming that they made it impossible for many older Russians who grew up in the Baltic region to gain citizenship. As a result, the tests were altered, but a large percentage of Russians in Latvia and Estonia still have
162:
Most of the present-day Baltic
Russians are migrants from forcible population transfers in the Soviet occupation era (1944-1991) and their descendants, though a relatively small fraction of them can trace their ancestry in the area back to previous centuries.
448:
and other cities in the UK and
Ireland. They make up a substantial part of the Russian-speaking community in London. No reliable statistics on their exact numbers exist, as in the UK they are counted as nationals of the Baltic countries, and not as Russians.
397:– ethnic Russians constitute about 16% of the population. In rural areas the proportion of ethnic Russians is very low (13 of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian). Overall, ethnic Russians make up 24% of Estonia's population (the proportion of
275:
automatically. In Latvia and
Estonia, those who had no family ties to Latvia prior to World War II did not receive automatic citizenship. Those that failed to request Russian citizenship during the time window it was offered were granted permanent residency "
222:; those who fell into German hands were treated harshly or murdered. The Soviet Union reoccupied the Baltic states in 1944–1945 as the war drew to a close. The USSR relied on violence, torture, rape in order to subjugate the local Baltic populations.
190:
by the Soviet authorities in 1945. The remaining
Estonian territory was 97.3% ethnically Estonian in 1945. The share of ethnic Russians in independent Lithuania (not including the Vilnius region, then annexed by Poland) was even smaller, about 2.5%.
174:) made up 7.82% of the population in independent Latvia, growing to 10.5% in 1935. The share of ethnic Russians in the population of independent Estonia was about 8.2%, of which about half were indigenous Russians living in the areas in and around
482:
After regaining independence in 1991, Latvia and Estonia restored the pre-1940 citizenship laws on the basis of the legal continuity of their statehood throughout 1940 – 1991, automatically recognising citizenship according to the principle of
213:
as Soviet republics in 1940. Germany invaded and occupied the Baltic states in 1941 a week after the first Soviet-conducted mass deportation. Communist party members who had arrived in the area with the initial annexation in 1940 and the
630:, its advocacy of friendlier ties with the Russian government compared to other mainstream Estonian parties and the prevalence of Russians and Russophones among the party's municipal councilors and parliamentarians.
271:
Baltic states with their first period of independence has been used to re-adopt pre-World War II laws, constitutions, and treaties and to formulate new policies, including in the areas of citizenship and language.
1926:
440:, who were the first 'old' EU countries to open up their labour markets to the new members of the EU. Thousands of Russians from Riga, Tallinn and Vilnius, holding EU passports, now live in
253:. However, the flow of immigrants did not stop entirely in Lithuania, and there were further waves of Russian workers who came to work on major construction projects, such as power plants.
1066:
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1994:
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In Latvia and Estonia, less was done to slow down Russian immigration. By the 1980s Russians made up about third of the population in Estonia, while in Latvia, ethnic
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In contrast, Lithuania granted citizenship to all its residents at the time of independence redeclaration day willing to have it, without requiring them to learn
1455:
1185:
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There are a number of political parties and politicians in the Baltic states who claim to represent the Russian-speaking minority. These parties support
456:
issued a repatriation program designed to resettle ethnic Russians from abroad. So far 10,000 families have settled in the Russian Federation, mostly to
358:
Russians were the second biggest ethnic group after Jews, Russians now make up the majority. Today about 25% of Latvia's population are ethnic Russians.
519:
493:
after their incorporation by the USSR of these states by the USSR in 1940 and their descendants received the right to obtain citizenship through
1347:
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677:
225:
Immediately after the war, a major influx from other USSR republics primarily of ethnic Russians took place in the Baltic states as part of a
1117:
724:
696:
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for the persons who held citizenship before 16 June 1940 and their descendants. Most of those who had settled on the territory of these
2135:
1972:
Cheskin, Ammon, and Angela Kachuyevski. "The Russian-speaking populations in the post-Soviet space: language, politics and identity."
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against the government's plans to require at least 60% of lessons in state-funded Russian-language high schools to be taught in
339:, have lower percentages of Russians, while in most small towns and villages there are very few Russians (with the exception of
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is overwhelmingly the most favored party among Estonian Russians. This is in part because of its co-operation agreement with
518:
The language issue is still contentious, particularly in Latvia, where there were protests in 2003 and 2004 organized by the
2065:
2509:
1562:
1067:"RL21429: POPULATION BY ETHNIC NATIONALITY, SEX, AGE GROUP AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE (ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT), 31 DECEMBER 2021"
692:
377:. As of 2011, 38.5% of Tallinn's population were ethnic Russians and an even higher number – 46.7% spoke Russian as their
2681:
2671:
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purposes. In recent years, as the Russian political leaders have begun to speak about the "former Soviet space" as their
1989:
Kallas, Kristina. "Claiming the diaspora: Russia's compatriot policy and its reception by Estonian-Russian population."
421:
and therefore has a Russian majority. A 2014 study found that many Russians identified with the place where they lived.
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30:
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collected sufficient signatures to initiate the process of amending the Constitution to give Russian the status of an
583:
rights, demand citizenship for all long-term residents of Latvia and Estonia. These forces are particularly strong in
1708:
743:
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Immigrants and nationalists: Ethnic conflict and accommodation in Catalonia, the Basque Country, Latvia, and Estonia
1447:
1042:
432:
countries. In particular, tens of thousands of Baltic Russians (especially those with EU citizenship) moved to the
157:
137:
2604:
2128:
1962:
Cheskin, Ammon. "Identity and integration of Russian speakers in the Baltic States: A framework for analysis."
1615:
1170:
Idzelis, Augustine (1985). "Soviet Russian Colonial Practices in the Baltic states". In Pap, Michael S. (ed.).
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149:
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made up about half of the population. In contrast, in 1989 only 9.4% of Lithuania's population were Russians.
1875:
1037:
987:
948:
490:
167:
153:
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A comparing of the situation of Baltic Russians in Latvia and the situation of Baltic Russians in Lithuania
861:
717:
418:
98:
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slowed down, owing to different policies on urbanization, economics and other issues then pursued in the
198:
34:
1091:
2185:
1781:
1735:"Results of the referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'"
477:
2143:
2573:
2121:
1977:
511:
they are free to work or visit relatives in Russia. The citizens of the Baltic states must apply for
2249:
1999:
Kirch, Aksel, Marika Kirch, and Tarmo Tuisk. "Russians in the Baltic States: To be or not to be?."
973:
898:
469:
264:
1954:
Benedikter, Thomas, ed. (2008). "Nationality-based exclusion: the Russians in the Baltic states".
1901:
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790:
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49:
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60:
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879:
1757:"Mikhail Baryshnikov | Biography, Movies, Dancing, Sex and the City, & Facts | Britannica"
1590:
1384:"Идентичность русской этнической группы и ее выражение в Литве и Латвии. Сравнительный аспект"
906:, businessman and former owner of Heart of Midlothian F.C. football club, citizen of Lithuania
2399:
2361:
2218:
1302:
1275:"How Russian Disinformation Targets the Former Soviet Bloc Around WWII Anniversaries - CHACR"
1217:"How Russian Disinformation Targets the Former Soviet Bloc Around WWII Anniversaries - CHACR"
976:, former Lithuanian minister of the economy, former member of the Lithuanian parliament, the
623:
588:
507:
90:
1399:"Contexts of Exit in the Migration of Russian Speakers from the Baltic Countries to Ireland"
2539:
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1756:
1330:
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826:
814:
133:
1851:"INTERNATIONAL FENCING FEDERATION - The International Fencing Federation official website"
8:
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997:
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760:
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26:
1709:"Referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'"
310:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1386:[Identity of ethnic Russians in Lithuania and Latvia] (in Russian). Mir Rossii.
870:
775:
769:
534:
64:
1836:
1174:. John Carroll University. Institute for Soviet and East European Studies. p. 79.
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537:), but this was less certain in the other two Baltic countries, especially in Latvia.
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Scholars in international law have noted that "in accordance with Article 49 of the
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How Russian Disinformation Targets the Former Soviet Bloc Around WWII Anniversaries
1536:
1508:
1418:
1410:
1092:"Iedzīvotāji pēc valstiskās piederības un dzimšanas valsts gada sākumā 2011 - 2023"
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which were added to Estonian territory according to the 1920 Estonian-Soviet Peace
109:
75:
21:
2048:
EU-MIDIS. European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey. Main Results Report
1531:
1503:
401:
is, however, somewhat higher, because Russian is the mother tongue of many ethnic
331:, they make up less than 10% of the population, in Lithuania's third largest city
2394:
2009:
Laitin, David D. "Three models of integration and the Estonian/Russian reality."
1597:
797:
512:
94:
2054:. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union. 2010. pp. 176–195.
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963:
611:
568:
545:, such claims are a source of annoyance, if not alarm, in the Baltic countries.
390:
2160:
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848:
553:
494:
433:
429:
425:
242:
171:
45:
2032:
Strategic frames: Europe, Russia, and minority inclusion in Estonia and Latvia
1967:
2650:
1661:
1627:
1414:
954:
918:
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810:
627:
485:
378:
230:
71:
1712:
1432:
830:
457:
250:
219:
215:
195:
187:
1684:"Overview: Center Party's cooperation protocol with Putin's United Russia"
1478:"Russia has started issuing 'non-citizen passports.' What does that mean?"
335:
less than 20%. Other Lithuanian cities, including the second-largest city
2389:
406:
374:
355:
346:
Russians make up around one third of the population of Latvia's capital,
246:
2083:
2004:
1316:
957:, writer, literary critic, translator, scholar and scriptwriter born in
386:
332:
1007:
913:
852:
834:
817:
684: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
402:
398:
351:
1984:
Russian-Speakers in Post-Soviet Latvia: Discursive Identity Strategies
958:
805:
1303:"Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1172:
Russian Empire: some aspects of tsarist and Soviet colonial practices
1146:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
938:
801:
414:
340:
327:
Lithuanian Russians live mainly in cities. In the Lithuanian capital
210:
129:
83:
1382:
Matulionis, Arvydas Virgilijus; Frėjutė-Rakauskienė, Monika (2014).
659:
502:
point of international contention, as the government of Russia, the
2579:
366:
257:
113:
1956:
Europe's Ethnic Mosaic. A Short Guide to Minority Rights in Europe
883:
41:
874:
857:
437:
370:
362:
328:
202:
179:
175:
121:
1807:"Sergei Eisenstein | Biography, Films, & Facts | Britannica"
548:
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have since 2004 become members of
2146:
2025:
The Shadow in the East: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front
1927:"10 facts about Mayor of Riga Nils Ušakovs — RealnoeVremya.com"
1850:
1616:"In a Baltic Nation, Fear and Suspicion Stalk Russian Speakers"
977:
865:
843:
634:
604:
584:
445:
441:
336:
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125:
117:
79:
53:
381:. In 2011, large proportions of ethnic Russians were found in
241:
After Stalin's death in 1953, the flow of new migrants to the
1711:. Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012. Archived from
1650:"Estonia's New Premier Comes From Party With Links to Russia"
1381:
821:
394:
382:
343:). In all, 5% of Lithuania's population are ethnic Russians.
1734:
1289:"Rodiklių duomenų bazė – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas"
1118:"Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas"
424:
After the accession of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to the
2165:
764:
572:
549:
347:
778:, architect designer of many buildings in Riga, father of
772:, ballet dancer, choreographer, and director, born in Riga
1737:(in Latvian). Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012
788:, director who made some famous Russian films (including
1232:
Transition from Illegal Regimes Under International Law
120:, and live in one of the three independent countries —
1991:
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe
607:
with 24 out of 100 deputies, the party of the former
1563:"Latvia Is Going on Offense Against Russian Culture"
428:on 1 May 2004, many Baltic Russians moved to other
170:(most of them residing there from the times of the
1448:"Latvia Looks West, But Legacy of Soviets Remains"
520:Headquarters for the Protection of Russian Schools
369:are concentrated in urban areas, particularly in
2648:
1876:"Rīgā viesosies kosmonauts Anatolijs Solovjovs"
1833:"Ministry Of Finance Of The Russian Federation"
1647:
393:(70%). In the second largest city of Estonia –
1591:Kremlin Refining Policy in 'Post-Soviet Space'
1238:
1178:
603:which is currently the largest faction in the
2129:
1648:Martyn-Hemphill, Richard (21 November 2016).
1309:
1249:. Princeton University Press. pp. 67–72.
763:, Russian-American dancer and actor, born in
1958:. Accademia Europea Bolzano. pp. 66–69.
1197:
1195:
218:established evacuated to other parts of the
1504:"Protesters rally against education reform"
1186:"Data on population of Latvia in 1920–1935"
166:According to official statistics, in 1920,
2136:
2122:
1953:
1375:
1244:
1234:. Cambridge University Press. p. 206.
842:, former Russian finance minister born in
649:
67:is a two-time world champion in men's épée
1422:
1204:Lietuvos gyventojai per du tūkstantmečius
1192:
744:Learn how and when to remove this message
498:those who acquired citizenship by birth.
1532:"School reform amendment sparks outrage"
1445:
1340:
1223:
563:
89:
70:
59:
40:
20:
2084:Russian Minorities in the Baltic States
1613:
1529:
1501:
1396:
1201:
1169:
1053:
756:Famous modern Baltic Russians include:
2649:
1163:
882:, Russian 18th century statesman from
2633:Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states
2117:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1446:Heleniak, Timothy (1 February 2006).
1358:
1323:
1229:
1048:Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states
897:, businessman and former Chairman of
559:
108:is a broadly defined subgroup of the
1614:Higgins, Andrew (18 December 2023).
1502:Eglitis, Aaron (11 September 2003).
1253:
1140:
1138:
682:adding citations to reliable sources
653:
571:, the first ethnic Russian mayor of
290:
286:
1986:(Edinburgh University Press, 2016).
1681:
1247:The International Law of Occupation
614:and with one representative in the
409:and Jews who live in the country).
13:
1551:
1530:Eglitis, Aaron (29 January 2004).
1397:Aptekar, Sofya (1 December 2009).
14:
2693:
2097:
1458:from the original on 16 July 2014
1317:"Statistical yearbook of Tallinn"
1135:
1016:, football player from Daugavpils
2145:
1043:History of Russians in Lithuania
980:, and the current member of the
860:(Marija Naumova), winner of the
658:
373:and the north-eastern county of
295:
158:History of Russians in Lithuania
1947:
1919:
1894:
1868:
1843:
1825:
1799:
1774:
1749:
1727:
1701:
1675:
1641:
1607:
1580:
1523:
1495:
1470:
1439:
1390:
1295:
1281:
1267:
990:, Latvian-born Russian comedian
693:"Russians in the Baltic states"
669:needs additional citations for
140:of the three Baltic countries.
29:in Estonia and municipality in
2034:(U of Pittsburgh Press, 2018).
1786:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1209:
1110:
1084:
1059:
1033:History of Russians in Estonia
633:In 2011 pro-Russian groups in
463:
186:, but were transferred to the
150:History of Russians in Estonia
1:
1902:"Tynyanov, Yuri Nikolayevich"
1561:Vohra, Anchal (22 May 2024).
1096:Oficiālās statistikas portāls
1038:History of Russians in Latvia
1022:, ice hockey player from Riga
988:Mikhail Nikolayevich Zadornov
949:Latvia national football team
417:was built for workers at the
350:. In the second largest city
154:History of Russians in Latvia
106:Russians in the Baltic states
2018:Lithuania: stepping westward
1906:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
891:, chess player, born in Riga
862:2002 Eurovision Song Contest
419:Ignalina nuclear power plant
99:Eurovision Song Contest 2018
86:entrepreneur and politician.
37:, according to 2021 censuses
7:
1026:
97:represented Estonia in the
10:
2698:
2682:Russian diaspora in Europe
2672:Ethnic groups in Lithuania
2174:Central and Eastern Europe
1882:(in Latvian). 7 March 2011
1452:Migration Policy Institute
851:, Russian general born in
591:which has one seat in the
478:Lithuanian nationality law
467:
147:
143:
25:Percentage of Russians by
2629:
2613:
2522:
2477:
2446:
2430:
2377:
2370:
2314:
2289:
2263:
2227:
2199:
2173:
2158:
2011:Journal of Baltic Studies
2001:Journal of Baltic Studies
1245:Benvenisti, Eyal (1993).
912:, basketball player from
643:constitutional referendum
304:This section needs to be
201:and subsequently annexed
2677:Estonia–Russia relations
1415:10.1177/1468796809345433
899:Heart of Midlothian F.C.
470:Estonian nationality law
265:Fourth Geneva Convention
2086:"Ethnicity" No. 3/2010
1993:(JEMIE) 15 (2016): 1+.
1682:ERR (8 November 2016).
996:, former member of the
974:Lithuanian Labour Party
972:, former leader of the
791:The Battleship Potemkin
650:Notable Baltic Russians
641:. On 18 February 2012,
474:Latvian nationality law
354:, where already before
50:Eurovision Song Contest
2003:24.2 (1993): 173–188.
1350:. 2010. Archived from
984:elected from Lithuania
966:, former mayor of Riga
880:Nikita Ivanovich Panin
599:and the more moderate
576:
102:
87:
68:
57:
38:
2027:' (I.B. Tauris, 2020)
2013:34.2 (2003): 197–222.
1602:Eurasia Daily Monitor
1202:Vaitiekūnas, Stasys,
624:Estonian Centre Party
589:Latvian Russian Union
575:in independent Latvia
567:
136:during the 1944–1991
116:, or are citizens of
112:who self-identify as
93:
74:
63:
44:
24:
2510:United Arab Emirates
1966:14.1 (2015): 72–93.
1839:on 14 February 2010.
1782:"Ludmilla Chiriaeff"
1230:Ronen, Yaël (2011).
1054:References and notes
827:Alexander Kovalevsky
678:improve this article
199:invaded and occupied
2662:Russians in Estonia
2041:(SUNY Press, 1995).
2030:Schulze, Jennie L.
1976:71.1 (2019): 1-23.
1974:Europe-Asia Studies
1931:m.realnoevremya.com
1596:3 July 2007 at the
1000:elected from Latvia
998:European Parliament
982:European Parliament
945:Aleksandrs Starkovs
929:Konstantin Sokolsky
761:Mikhail Baryshnikov
616:European parliament
593:European parliament
587:represented by the
543:sphere of influence
2667:Russians in Latvia
2020:(Routledge, 2014).
1813:. 29 February 2024
1811:www.britannica.com
1761:www.britannica.com
1654:The New York Times
1620:The New York Times
1354:on 5 October 2013.
1331:"Narva in figures"
951:coach of 2001–2004
931:, singer from Riga
871:Nikolai Novosjolov
776:Mikhail Eisenstein
770:Ludmilla Chiriaeff
577:
560:Political activity
103:
88:
69:
65:Nikolai Novosjolov
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2071:on 4 January 2010
2061:978-92-9192-461-5
2037:Shafir, Gershon.
2023:Naylor, Aliide. '
923:chess grandmaster
889:Vladimirs Petrovs
786:Sergei Eisenstein
780:Sergei Eisenstein
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639:official language
622:. In Estonia the
504:Council of Europe
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287:Current situation
138:Soviet occupation
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2080:
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389:(about 82%) and
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1014:Artjoms Rudņevs
1006:, professional
1004:Sergejs Žoltoks
994:Tatjana Ždanoka
798:Alexandr Kaleri
794:), born in Riga
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2098:External links
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2016:Lane, Thomas.
2014:
2007:
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1409:(4): 507–526.
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1277:. 6 July 2020.
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868:
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782:, born in Riga
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1715:on 2 May 2012
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695: –
694:
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689:Find sources:
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673:
672:
667:This section
665:
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629:
628:United Russia
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486:jus sanguinis
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379:mother tongue
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231:Russification
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19:
2637:White émigré
2499:Russian Jews
2290:Other states
2250:Turkmenistan
2228:Central Asia
2200:
2073:. Retrieved
2066:the original
2047:
2045:"Russians".
2038:
2031:
2017:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1983:
1973:
1963:
1955:
1948:Bibliography
1934:. Retrieved
1930:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1905:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1879:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1845:
1837:the original
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1760:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:the original
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1653:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1619:
1609:
1601:
1582:
1570:. Retrieved
1566:
1541:. Retrieved
1535:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1507:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1451:
1441:
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1392:
1377:
1360:
1352:the original
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1246:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1211:
1203:
1180:
1171:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:
1125:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1100:. Retrieved
1098:(in Latvian)
1095:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:
1061:
964:Nils Ušakovs
937:, pilot and
925:born in Riga
831:embryologist
789:
755:
740:
731:
721:
714:
707:
700:
688:
676:Please help
671:verification
668:
632:
612:Nils Ušakovs
578:
569:Nils Ušakovs
547:
539:
528:
517:
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484:
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458:Pskov Oblast
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196:Soviet Union
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188:Russian SFSR
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105:
104:
18:
16:Ethnic group
2600:Switzerland
2454:Afghanistan
2438:Philippines
2390:Albazinians
1403:Ethnicities
508:non-citizen
464:Citizenship
407:Belarusians
399:Russophones
375:Ida-Virumaa
356:World War I
281:Citizenship
277:non-citizen
247:Latvian SSR
229:process of
134:last census
2651:Categories
2447:South Asia
2276:Azerbaijan
2255:Uzbekistan
2245:Tajikistan
2240:Kyrgyzstan
2235:Kazakhstan
1348:"Sillamae"
1008:ice hockey
914:Daugavpils
853:Daugavpils
835:Daugavpils
833:born near
820:, born in
818:midfielder
800:, Russian
734:April 2024
704:newspapers
618:currently
531:Lithuanian
468:See also:
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352:Daugavpils
316:April 2024
283:section).
148:See also:
84:Lithuanian
2621:Australia
2478:West Asia
2400:Hong Kong
2378:East Asia
2362:Venezuela
2342:Guatemala
2322:Argentina
2219:Lithuania
2092:1691-5844
1662:0362-4331
1628:0362-4331
939:cosmonaut
802:cosmonaut
491:republics
452:In 2012,
415:Visaginas
341:Visaginas
211:Lithuania
130:Lithuania
35:Lithuania
2574:Svalbard
2540:Bulgaria
2469:Pakistan
2405:Shanghai
2315:Americas
2264:Caucasus
2075:19 April
2005:in JSTOR
1936:26 April
1911:26 April
1886:26 April
1860:26 April
1817:26 April
1791:26 April
1766:26 April
1693:26 April
1667:26 April
1633:26 April
1594:Archived
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1462:26 April
1456:Archived
1433:24363609
1155:26 April
1127:26 April
1102:26 April
1076:26 April
1027:See also
815:football
804:born in
595:held by
552:and the
413:city of
387:Sillamäe
367:Russians
333:Klaipėda
258:Latvians
249:and the
235:de facto
227:de facto
48:won the
2614:Oceania
2580:Romania
2560:Germany
2545:Croatia
2535:Belgium
2530:Austria
2505:Lebanon
2357:Uruguay
2302:Moldova
2297:Finland
2281:Georgia
2271:Armenia
2209:Estonia
2191:Ukraine
2181:Belarus
2164:or the
2159:Former
1880:Latvijā
1855:FIE.org
1543:24 June
1515:24 June
1424:3868474
959:Rēzekne
858:Marie N
806:Jūrmala
718:scholar
524:Latvian
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436:and to
385:(82%),
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363:Estonia
329:Vilnius
306:updated
203:Estonia
180:Izborsk
176:Pechory
144:History
122:Estonia
80:Russian
56:in 2002
2595:Sweden
2585:Serbia
2570:Norway
2565:Greece
2555:France
2550:Cyprus
2523:Europe
2495:Israel
2485:Turkey
2412:Taiwan
2395:Harbin
2347:Mexico
2332:Canada
2327:Brazil
2214:Latvia
2186:Poland
2090:
2058:
1995:online
1978:online
1968:online
1660:
1626:
1482:Meduza
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1421:
1261:"ICRC"
978:Seimas
875:fencer
866:Latvia
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635:Latvia
605:Saeima
585:Latvia
476:, and
446:Dublin
442:London
337:Kaunas
207:Latvia
156:, and
128:, and
126:Latvia
118:Russia
82:-born
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31:Latvia
27:county
2590:Spain
2464:Nepal
2459:India
2422:Korea
2417:Japan
2385:China
2337:Chile
2069:(PDF)
2052:(PDF)
1741:2 May
1719:2 May
1369:(PDF)
1334:(PDF)
1071:PxWeb
884:Pärnu
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725:JSTOR
711:books
535:Poles
513:visas
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2635:and
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2166:USSR
2088:ISSN
2077:2010
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1913:2024
1888:2024
1862:2024
1819:2024
1793:2024
1768:2024
1743:2012
1721:2012
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1669:2024
1658:ISSN
1635:2024
1624:ISSN
1574:2024
1545:2008
1517:2008
1489:2024
1464:2024
1429:PMID
1157:2024
1129:2024
1104:2024
1078:2024
864:for
765:Riga
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